MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'The British Journal of Nutrition' source. Sun, 14 Mar 2010 14:53:27 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3359560&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20214836%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Huybrechts I, Vereecken C, De Bacquer D, Vandevijvere S, Van Oyen H, Maes L, Vanhauwaert E, Temme L, De Backer G, De Henauw S The diet quality index (DQI) for preschool children is a new index developed to reflect compliance with four main food-based dietary guidelines for preschool children in Flanders. The present study investigates: (1) the validity of this index by comparing DQI scores for preschool children with nutrient intakes, both of which were derived from 3 d estimated diet records; (2) the reproducibility of the DQI for preschoolers based on a parentally reported forty-seven-item FFQ DQI, which was repeated after 5 weeks; (3) the relative validity of the FFQ DQI with 3 d record DQI scores as reference. The study sample included 510 and 58 preschoolers (2.5-6.5 year... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3359560 Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3359560 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3350971&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20211035%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Thompson JM, Wall C, Becroft DM, Robinson E, Wild CJ, Mitchell EA Maternal nutritional status before and during pregnancy is important for the growth and development of the fetus. The effects of pre-pregnancy nutrition (estimated by maternal size) are well documented. There is little information in today's Western society on the effect of maternal nutrition during pregnancy on the fetus. The aim of the study was to describe dietary patterns of a cohort of mothers during pregnancy (using principal components analysis with a varimax rotation) and assess the effect of these dietary patterns on the risk of delivering a small-for-gestational-age (SGA) baby. The study was a case-control study investigating factors related to SGA. The population was 1714 subjects in Auckland, New Zea... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3350971 Tue, 09 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3350971 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3350970&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20211036%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lidder P, Flanagan D, Fleming S, Russell M, Morgan N, Wheatley T, Rahamin J, Shaw S, Lewis S The provision of parenteral nutrition (PN) to 'stressed' patients often results in hyperglycaemia, which may be detrimental. In animal models limited amounts of enteral nutrition (EN) improve intestinal integrity and stimulate intestinal incretin production, which may lead to improved glucose control. We set out to assess if combining EN with PN results in improved glucose homeostasis rather than PN given alone. We conducted a randomised trial in a university teaching hospital of patients undergoing a 'curative' oesophagectomy for adenocarcinoma. Differences between the two intervention groups were assessed for continuous glucose measurement, insulin sensitivity using insulin tolerance... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3350970 Tue, 09 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3350970 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3350969&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20211037%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of the workshop was to review this research and to establish priorities for future research. Several of the trials presented at the workshop showed some effect of nutritional interventions (e.g. vitamin D, Zn, Se) on immune parameters. One trial found that increased fruit and vegetable intake may improve the antibody response to pneumococcal vaccination in older people. The workshop highlighted the need to further clarify the potential public health relevance of observed nutrition-related changes in immune function, e.g. susceptibility to infections and infectious morbidity. PMID: 20211037 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The British Journal of Nutrition) The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3350969 Tue, 09 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3350969 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3350968&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20211038%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Franke C, Demmelmair H, Decsi T, Campoy C, Cruz M, Molina-Font JA, Mueller K, Koletzko B Maternal supplementation with long-chain PUFA, to improve infant neurological development, might cause additional increase of oxidative stress. Pregnant women aged 18-41 years were randomised into one of four supplementation groups. From week 22 on, they received supplements containing either modified fish oil (n 69), 5-methyl-tetrahydro-folate (n 65), both (n 64), or placebo (n 72). Plasma Trolox-equivalent antioxidative capacity (TEAC), concentrations of alpha-tocopherol, retinol, beta-carotene, free thiol groups, uric acid and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) were determined at weeks 20 and 30 and at delivery. The studied antioxidants showed no significant differences bet... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3350968 Tue, 09 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3350968 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3350967&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20211039%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lillycrop KA, Rodford J, Garratt ES, Slater-Jefferies JL, Godfrey KM, Gluckman PD, Hanson MA, Burdge GC Feeding pregnant rats a protein-restricted (PR) diet induces altered expression of candidate genes in the liver of the adult offspring, which can be prevented by supplementation of the PR diet with folic acid (PRF). We investigated the effect of maternal nutrition during pregnancy on the liver transcriptome in their adult male offspring. Pregnant rats were fed control, PR or PRF diets. Male offspring were killed on day 84. The liver transcriptome was analysed by microarray (six livers per maternal dietary group) followed by post hoc analysis of relative mRNA levels and gene ontology. These results were confirmed for selected genes by real-time RT-PCR. There were 311 genes th... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3350967 Tue, 09 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3350967 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3350966&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20211040%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined whether there are sex differences in the effect of vitamin supplements on birth outcomes, mortality and morbidity by 2 years of age among children born to HIV-infected women in Tanzania. A randomised placebo-controlled trial was conducted among 959 mother-infant pairs. HIV-infected pregnant women were randomly assigned to receive a daily oral dose of one of four regimens: multivitamins (vitamins B-complex, C and E), vitamin A plus beta-carotene, multivitamins including vitamin A plus beta-carotene or placebo. Supplements were administered during pregnancy and continued after delivery. The beneficial effect of multivitamins on decreasing the risk of low birth weight was stronger among girls (relative risks (RR) = 0.39, 95 % CI 0.22, 0.67) than among boys (RR = 0.81, 95 % CI 0.44... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3350966 Tue, 09 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3350966 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3350965&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20211041%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, the study shows that iso is completely available from the small intestine, irrespective of food matrix, leading to a prolonged delivery of blood glucose. Regular iso consumption is well tolerated also in subjects with increased risk for vascular diseases. PMID: 20211041 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The British Journal of Nutrition) The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3350965 Tue, 09 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3350965 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3350964&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20211042%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Richelle M, Sanchez B, Tavazzi I, Lambelet P, Bortlik K, Williamson G Lycopene in fruits and vegetables occurs mostly (80-97 %) in the all-E configuration, whereas a considerable proportion of lycopene in the human body is present as Z-isomers. The Z-isomers offer potentially better health benefits and show improved antioxidant activity in vitro when compared with the all-E-isomer. The absorption of dietary lycopene is a complex process involving transfer of the carotenoid from the food matrix into micelles, uptake by enterocytes, packaging into chylomicrons and finally secretion into plasma. Isomerisation could take place at any of these individual steps. By exploiting in vitro and in vivo models, we traced lycopene isomerisation during absorption using various methods to mim... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3350964 Tue, 09 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3350964 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3350963&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20211043%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chambers JA, Swanson V The aim was to establish the relative importance of multiple dietary, activity and other risk factors in determining BMI. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 322 adults (71 % female; aged 18-79 years; BMI 16.5-40.9 kg/m2) using a previously developed, psychometrically tested, seventy-three-item questionnaire covering a wide range of obesity risk factors (consisting of five dietary, five activity and seven other risk factor subscales). Outcome was self-reported weight and height for BMI, cross-validated with items on clothes size and perceived need to lose weight. Stepwise regression analysis predicted 25-55 % of the variance in BMI with physical activity participation, current and past dieting behaviour, amount eaten, and age being the most impor... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3350963 Tue, 09 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3350963 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3350962&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20211044%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Karelis AD, Fex A, Filion ME, Adlercreutz H, Aubertin-Leheudre M The purpose of the present study was to investigate the sex hormonal and metabolic profiles in vegetarians and compare these with the profiles in omnivores. The design of the present study was cross-sectional. The study sample of pre- and post-menopausal women included forty-one omnivores and twenty-one vegetarians. Thereafter we determined: (1) plasma sex hormones, (2) fasting insulin, NEFA as well as apo-A and apo-B, (3) BMI, (4) a dietary profile (3 d dietary records), (5) physical activity and (6) total faecal excretion per 72 h and total urinary excretion per 72 h. Vegetarians showed higher levels of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), apo-A, total faecal excretion per 72 h and total fibre intake as well as... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3350962 Tue, 09 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3350962 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3350977&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20205962%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhou C, Tan Z, Pan Y, Liu S, Tang S, Sun Z, Han X, Wang M Four goats (20 (SD 2.5) kg) fitted with ruminal, duodenal and ileal cannulae were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square design to estimate the effects of a dietary starch source on the duodenal and ileal flows of endogenous N (EN) and endogenous amino acids (EAA) in growing goats. Goats were fed total mixed rations containing four starch sources (mainly from maize (MR), wheat (WR), paddy (PR) and sorghum (SR) treatments). There were no significant (P>0.05) effects of the dietary starch source on the intestinal flows of EN and EAA. The duodenal flows of EN were 2.40, 2.39, 2.18 and 1.56 g/d for the MR, WR, PR and SR treatments, respectively, as determined by the difference method, and the duodenal flows of EAA were 10.76, 11.2... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3350977 Mon, 08 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3350977 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3350976&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20205963%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective was to examine the effect of BMI on the incidence of various infectious diseases in institutionalised, geriatric subjects. In a retrospective cohort study we analysed medical records of 619 patients aged 75 years and older (mean age 87.6 (sd 6.4) years) who were treated in a geriatric hospital in Vienna, Austria. The total incidence rate of infection in this population was 0.80 per person-year. The most frequent infections were urinary tract infections (0.30 per person-year), followed by infections of the lower respiratory tract (0.19 per person-year), diarrhoea (0.12 per person-year) and other infections (0.20 per person-year). Incidence risk ratios were obtained by a multiplicative Poisson regression model. There was a J-shaped curve in the incidence of infections recorded ... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3350976 Mon, 08 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3350976 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3350975&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20205964%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of the present study was to establish possible relationships between gut microbiota, body weight, weight gain and biochemical parameters in pregnant women. Fifty pregnant women were classified according to their BMI in normal-weight (n 34) and overweight (n 16) groups. Gut microbiota composition was analysed by quantitative real-time PCR in faeces and biochemical parameters in plasma at 24 weeks of pregnancy. Reduced numbers of Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides and increased numbers of Staphylococcus, Enterobacteriaceae and Escherichia coli were detected in overweight compared with normal-weight pregnant women. E. coli numbers were higher in women with excessive weight gain than in women with normal weight gain during pregnancy, while Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia muciniphila... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3350975 Mon, 08 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3350975 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3350974&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20205965%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, equol phenotypes might influence cardiovascular risk. PMID: 20205965 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The British Journal of Nutrition) The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3350974 Mon, 08 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3350974 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3350973&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20205966%26dopt%3DAbstract The objectives of the present study were to manufacture three glycoforms of GMP, minimally glycosylated GMP (3.5 (sd 0.1) % NeuNAc and 1.5 (sd 0.1) % Gal), glycosylated GMP (12.0 (sd 0.3) % NeuNAc and 4.2 (sd 0.2) % Gal) and a GMP-depleted whey protein concentrate, and to assess the effects of these fractions relative to glucose on CCK, subjective measures of satiety and food intake. In a randomised double-blind acute study, twenty overweight/obese males (56.9 (sd 7.2) years, 97.4 (sd 8.1) kg, 31.5 (sd 3.0) kg/m2) were recruited to consume four 50 g preloads (two GMP preparations, GMP-depleted whey and glucose) containing 895 kJ. Blood samples and subjective measures of satiety were collected before and at 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 min after the consumption of preload, and CCK levels wer... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3350973 Mon, 08 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3350973 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3350972&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20205967%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, ageing and chronic alcohol consumption alter genomic DNA methylation, p16 promoter methylation and p16 gene expression in the mouse colon, and dietary folate availability can further modify the relationship with alcohol in the young mouse. PMID: 20205967 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The British Journal of Nutrition) The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3350972 Mon, 08 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3350972 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3339021&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20202290%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of an isoenergetic change in the quantity and quality of dietary fat on BP in subjects with the metabolic syndrome. In a 12-week European multi-centre, parallel, randomised controlled dietary intervention trial (LIPGENE), 486 subjects were assigned to one of the four diets distinct in fat quantity and quality: two high-fat diets rich in saturated fat or monounsaturated fat and two low-fat, high-complex carbohydrate diets with or without 1.2 g/d of very long-chain n-3 PUFA supplementation. There were no overall differences in systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP or pulse pressure (PP) between the dietary groups after the intervention. The high-fat diet rich in saturated fat had minor unfavourable effects on SBP and PP in males. ... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3339021 Fri, 05 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3339021 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3339023&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20199694%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Poureslami R, Turchini GM, Raes K, Huyghebaert G, De Smet S The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different dietary lipid sources, age and sex on the SFA and MUFA metabolism in broiler chickens using a whole body fatty acid balance method. Four dietary lipid sources (palm fat, Palm; soyabean oil, Soya; linseed oil, Lin; and fish oil, Fish) were added at 3 % to a basal diet containing 5 % Palm. Diets were fed to female and male chickens from day 1 to either day 21 or day 42 of age. The accumulation (percentage of net intake and ex novo production) of SFA and MUFA was significantly lower in broilers fed on Palm than in broilers fed on the other diets (85.7 v. 97.4 %). Conversely, beta-oxidation was significantly higher in Palm-fed birds than the average of th... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3339023 Thu, 04 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3339023 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3339022&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20199695%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wolever TM PMID: 20199695 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The British Journal of Nutrition) The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3339022 Thu, 04 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3339022 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3332168&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20196890%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, excess dietary Leu increased the catabolism of BCAA mainly through posttranscriptional mechanisms. The impact of excess Leu on the growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor-1 axis requires further investigation. PMID: 20196890 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The British Journal of Nutrition) The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3332168 Wed, 03 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3332168 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3332167&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20196891%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Eussen S, Klungel O, Garssen J, Verhagen H, van Kranen H, van Loveren H, Rompelberg C Functional foods and dietary supplements might have a role in supporting drug therapy. These products may (1) have an additive effect to the effect that a drug has in reducing risk factors associated with certain conditions, (2) contribute to improve risk factors associated with the condition, other than the risk factor that the drug is dealing with, or (3) reduce drug-associated side effects, for example, by restoring depleted compounds or by reducing the necessary dose of the drug. Possible advantages compared with a multidrug therapy are lower drug costs, fewer side effects and increased adherence. In the present review we have focused on the support of statin therapy using functional food... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3332167 Wed, 03 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3332167 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3332166&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20196892%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Stewart JE, Feinle-Bisset C, Golding M, Delahunty C, Clifton PM, Keast RS Fatty acids are the chemical moieties that are thought to stimulate oral nutrient sensors, which detect the fat content of foods. In animals, oral hypersensitivity to fatty acids is associated with decreased fat intake and body weight. The aims of the present study were to investigate oral fatty acid sensitivity, food selection and BMI in human subjects. The study included two parts; study 1 established in thirty-one subjects (29 (sem 1.4) years, 22.8 (sem 0.5) kg/m2) taste thresholds using 3-AFC (3-Alternate Forced Choice Methodology) for oleic, linoleic and lauric acids, and quantified oral lipase activity. During study 2, fifty-four subjects (20 (sem 0.3) years, 21.5 (sem 0.4) kg/m2) were screened for... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3332166 Wed, 03 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3332166 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3323565&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20193097%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Leffelaar ER, Vrijkotte TG, van Eijsden M Low vitamin D levels during pregnancy may account for reduced fetal growth and for altered neonatal development. The present study explored the association between maternal vitamin D status measured early in pregnancy and birth weight, prevalence of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants and postnatal growth (weight and length), as well as the potential role of vitamin D status in explaining ethnic disparities in these outcomes. Data were derived from a large multi-ethnic cohort in The Netherlands (Amsterdam Born Children and their Development (ABCD) cohort), and included 3730 women with live-born singleton term deliveries. Maternal serum vitamin D was measured during early pregnancy (median 13 weeks, interquartile range: 12-14), and ... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3323565 Tue, 02 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3323565 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3323558&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20193098%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Verbrugghe A, Hesta M, Van Weyenberg S, Papadopoulos GA, Gommeren K, Daminet S, Bosmans T, Polis I, Buyse J, Janssens GP The present study assessed the effect of separate reduction of each energy-delivering nutrient - protein, fat and carbohydrate - on glucose tolerance and insulin response in a strict carnivore: the domestic cat (Felis catus). Three isoenergetic, home-made diets with the following energetic distribution, low protein (LP): protein 28 % of metabolisable energy; fat 43 %; nitrogen-free extract 29 %; low fat: 47, 27 and 25 %; low carbohydrate (LC): 45, 48 and 7 %, were tested in a 3 x 3 Latin square design. Nine healthy normal-weight cats were randomly assigned to each of the diets in a random order at intervals of 3 weeks. At the end of each testing period, intr... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3323558 Tue, 02 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3323558 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3323546&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20193099%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yazdi MH, Soltan Dallal MM, Hassan ZM, Holakuyee M, Agha Amiri S, Abolhassani M, Mahdavi M Lactic acid bacteria can affect the maturation of immune cells and their products not only in the gut but also on the systemic immune organs such as lymph nodes and spleen. In the present work, we studied the effects of oral administration of Lactobacillus acidophilus on the immune responses of BALB/c mice bearing transplanted breast tumour. Two groups of female inbred BALB/c mice, each containing nine mice as test and control, were used. The L. acidophilus ATCC4356 strain was inoculated in DeMan-Rogosa-Sharpe broth and cultivated for 24 h at 37 degrees C. Then, it was collected by centrifugation, and was washed and suspended in PBS. Afterwards, 0.5 ml/d of this suspension, which contain... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3323546 Tue, 02 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3323546 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3323576&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20187994%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lall SP PMID: 20187994 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The British Journal of Nutrition) The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3323576 Mon, 01 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3323576 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3323575&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20187995%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ramnani P, Gaudier E, Bingham M, van Bruggen P, Tuohy KM, Gibson GR The present study aimed to determine the prebiotic effect of fruit and vegetable shots containing inulin derived from Jerusalem artichoke (JA). A three-arm parallel, placebo-controlled, double-blind study was carried out with sixty-six healthy human volunteers (thirty-three men and thirty-three women, age range: 18-50 years). Subjects were randomised into three groups (n 22) assigned to consume either the test shots, pear-carrot-sea buckthorn (PCS) or plum-pear-beetroot (PPB), containing JA inulin (5 g/d) or the placebo. Fluorescent in situ hybridisation was used to monitor populations of total bacteria, bacteroides, bifidobacteria, Clostridium perfringens/histolyticum subgroup, Eubacterium rectale/Clostridium... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3323575 Mon, 01 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3323575 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3323574&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20187996%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lo HC, Wang YH, Chiou HY, Lai SH, Yang Y Diets that ameliorate the adverse effects of uric acid (UA) on renal damage deserve attention. The effects of casein or soya protein combined with palm or safflower-seed oil on various serum parameters and renal histology were investigated on hyperuricaemic rats. Male Wistar rats administered with oxonic acid and UA to induce hyperuricaemia were fed with casein or soya protein plus palm- or safflower-seed oil-supplemented diets. Normal rats and hyperuricaemic rats with or without allopurinol treatment (150 mg/l in drinking water) were fed with casein plus maize oil-supplemented diets. After 8 weeks, allopurinol treatment and soya protein plus safflower-seed oil-supplemented diet significantly decreased serum UA in hyperuricaemic rats (o... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3323574 Mon, 01 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3323574 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3323573&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20187997%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lee SA, Cai H, Yang G, Xu WH, Zheng W, Li H, Gao YT, Xiang YB, Shu XO The prevalence of hypertension has increased over the past decade in many developed and developing countries, including China. This increase may be associated with changes in lifestyle, including dietary patterns. We evaluated the association of dietary patterns with blood pressure (BP) by using data from a large, population-based cohort study of middle-aged and elderly Chinese men, the Shanghai Men's Health Study. The present cross-sectional analysis includes 39 252 men who reported no prior history of hypertension, diabetes, CHD, or stroke nor use of antihypertensive drugs at study enrolment. Three dietary patterns, 'vegetable', 'fruit and milk' and 'meat', were derived using factor analysis. The fruit and... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3323573 Mon, 01 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3323573 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3323572&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20187998%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Poureslami R, Raes K, Turchini GM, Huyghebaert G, De Smet S The PUFA metabolism in broiler chicken was studied through the whole body fatty acid balance method. Four dietary lipid sources (palm fat, Palm; soyabean oil, Soya; linseed oil, Lin; fish oil, Fish) were added at 3 % to a basal diet containing 5 % palm fat. Diets were fed to female and male birds from day 1 to either day 21 or day 42 of age. Birds fed the Lin diet showed a significantly higher 18 : 2n-6 accumulation compared with the other diets (85.2 v. 73.6 % of net intake), whereas diet did not affect 18 : 3n-3 accumulation (mean 63 % of net intake). Bioconversion of 18 : 2n-6 significantly decreased in the order Palm>Lin>Soya>Fish (4.7, 3.9, 3.4 and 1 % of net intake, respectively). The 18 : 3n-3 bioconve... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3323572 Mon, 01 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3323572 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3323571&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20187999%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sandoval MJ, Cutini PH, Rauschemberger MB, Massheimer VL The aim of the present study was to investigate the direct action of the phyto-oestrogen genistein (Gen) on vascular endothelial behaviour, either in the presence or absence of proinflammatory agents. In rat aortic endothelial cell (EC) cultures, 24 h of treatment with Gen significantly increased cell proliferation in a wide range of concentration (0.001-10 nm). This mitogenic action was prevented by the oestrogen receptor (ER) antagonist ICI 182780 or by the presence of the specific NO synthase inhibitor l-nitro-arginine methyl ester. When monocytes adhesion to EC was measured, Gen partially attenuated leucocyte adhesion not only under basal conditions, but also in the presence of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Th... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3323571 Mon, 01 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3323571 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3323570&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20188000%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ai J, Liang F, Zhou H, Zhao J, Wang N, Zhu S, Yang B Both high-fat and high-carbohydrate diets have been considered in association with the impairment of baroreflex sensitivity. However, the mechanisms are unclear. In the present study, the effects of a complex high-fat and high-carbohydrate diet (HFCD) on baroreflex circuitry were investigated. A HFCD emulsion was formulated and orally administered to rats for 30 d. Rats were then anaesthetised and baroreflex sensitivity was measured following intravenous injection of phenylephrine (PE) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) at various doses. Morphological changes of the brainstem were detected by transmission electron microscopy. Baroreflex sensitivity-associated gene and protein expression was determined by quantitative RT-PCR and ... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3323570 Mon, 01 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3323570 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3323569&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20188001%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sen B, Mahalanabis D, Kurpad AV, Shaikh S, Bose K The association of early postnatal growth with diseases in adults such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes and CHD has generated interest in studying postnatal growth. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a useful measure to estimate total body water (TBW) and fat-free mass (FFM). We evaluated three published equations (Fjeld et al. (Pediatr Res (1990) 27, 98-102), Bocage (MSc Thesis (1988) University of West Indies) and Kushner et al. (Am J Clin Nutr (1992) 56, 835-839) to measure TBW and derived FFM based on BIA, using 2H2O dilution as a reference method for suitability in infants in India. In a cross-sectional study in seventy-eight apparently healthy infants aged 6-24 months from the urban poor attending an immunisation c... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3323569 Mon, 01 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3323569 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3323568&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20193093%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sprague M, Bendiksen EA, Dick JR, Strachan F, Pratoomyot J, Berntssen MH, Tocher DR, Bell JG The health benefits of seafood are well documented and based on the unique supply of n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA). Aquaculture now contributes about 50 % of food-grade seafood globally and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is a rich source of n-3 HUFA. However, salmon and other oily fish can accumulate lipophilic persistent organic pollutants (POP), including dioxins (PCDD/F), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE), derived largely from feed. In the present study, triplicate groups of salmon, of initial weight 0.78 kg, were fed one of three experimental diets for 11 weeks. The diets were coated with either a northern fish oil (FO) with a high... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3323568 Mon, 01 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3323568 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3323567&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20193094%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tsai AC, Yang SF, Wang JY Nutrition is a key element in geriatric health, and nutritional screening/assessment is a key component of comprehensive geriatric evaluation. The study aimed to validate the Mini Nutritional Assessment Taiwan version-1 (MNA-T1) which adopted population-specific anthropometric cut-points, and version-2 (MNA-T2) which replaced BMI with mid-arm and calf circumferences in the scale for predicting the nutritional status of elderly Taiwanese. Using data of a population-representative longitudinal study of 2802 Taiwanese aged 65 years or older, the study graded the nutritional status of each subject with the original and both modified versions at baseline, analysed their hospital length of stay, the Activities of Daily Living (ADL), the Center for Epidemiol... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3323567 Mon, 01 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3323567 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3323566&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20193095%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Islam MZ, Shamim AA, Viljakainen HT, Akhtaruzzaman M, Jehan AH, Khan HU, Al-Arif FA, Lamberg-Allardt C Due to little outdoor activity and low dietary intake of vitamin D (VD), Bangladeshi low-income women are at risk for osteoporosis at an early age. The present study assessed the effect of VD, Ca and multiple micronutrient supplementation on VD and bone status in Bangladeshi young female garment factory workers. This placebo-controlled 1-year intervention randomly assigned 200 apparently healthy subjects (aged 16-36 years) to four groups: VD group, daily 10 mug VD; VD and Ca (VD-Ca) group, daily 10 mug VD+600 mg Ca; multiple micronutrient and Ca (MMN-Ca) group, 10 mug VD and other micronutrients+600 mg Ca; a placebo group. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (S-25OHD), intact parathyro... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3323566 Mon, 01 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3323566 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3292341&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20167137%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Niewold TA PMID: 20167137 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The British Journal of Nutrition) The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3292341 Mon, 22 Feb 2010 05:14:05 +0100 3292341 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3259612&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20141643%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pan Y, Larson B, Araujo JA, Lau W, de Rivera C, Santana R, Gore A, Milgram NW The present study focused on the hypothesis that dietary supplementation with medium-chain TAG (MCT) will improve cognitive function in aged dogs by providing the brain with energy in the form of ketones. Aged Beagle dogs were subjected to a baseline battery of cognitive tests, which were used to establish cognitively equivalent control or treatment groups. The dogs in the treatment group were maintained on a diet supplemented with 5.5 % MCT. After an initial wash-in period, all the dogs were tested with a battery of cognitive test protocols, which assessed sequentially landmark discrimination learning ability, egocentric visuospatial function and attention. The groups were maintained on the diets fo... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3259612 Tue, 09 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3259612 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3247557&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20132585%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hall KD Predicting the magnitude and rate of weight gain for a given increase of energy intake requires a model of whole-body energy expenditure that includes the energy cost of tissue deposition. Here, I introduce a mathematical framework for modelling energy expenditure that elucidates conceptual problems with the classical Kielanowski method for estimating the efficiencies of body fat and protein deposition. An alternative approach uses the theoretical biochemical efficiencies for protein and fat synthesis in combination with models of energy expenditure that include body fat and protein turnover costs. I illustrate this alternative approach using a simple mathematical model applied to previously published data from growing rats and human infants and compare the simple mode... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3247557 Fri, 05 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3247557 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3247556&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20132586%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective was to quantify the vitamin A equivalency of beta-carotene in two diets using a dual-isotope dilution technique and the apparent beta-carotene absorption as measured by the oral-faecal balance technique. Seventeen healthy adults with an ileostomy completed the 4-week diet-controlled, cross-over intervention study. Each subject followed both diets for 2 weeks: a diet containing vegetables low in beta-carotene content with supplemental beta-carotene in salad dressing oil ('oil diet'; mean beta-carotene intake 3.1 mg/d) and a diet containing vegetables and fruits high in beta-carotene content ('mixed diet'; mean beta-carotene intake 7.6 mg/d). Daily each subject consumed a mean of 190 mug [13C10]beta-carotene and 195 mug [13C10]retinyl palmitate in oil capsules. The vitamin A eq... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3247556 Fri, 05 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3247556 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3247561&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20128936%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lee JS, Kim J The purpose of the present study was to analyse vegetable intake by the Korean population based on different meal formats. Twenty-four-hour dietary recall data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used to assess daily vegetable intake and consumption ratio of vegetables for different meal types/dining locations. Analysis was stratified by sex and age group. Daily vegetable intake increased from 293.5 g in 1998 to 305.7 g in 2001 and to 335.9 g in 2005. Findings were similar in men and women, as well as in each age group. Analyses for each meal type revealed that vegetable intake during breakfast did not substantially change, but vegetable intake increased during lunch and dinner. While vegetable consumption ratio during breakfast ... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3247561 Thu, 04 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3247561 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3247560&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20128937%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Watkins AJ, Lucas ES, Torrens C, Cleal JK, Green L, Osmond C, Eckert JJ, Gray WP, Hanson MA, Fleming TP Environmental perturbations during early mammalian development can affect aspects of offspring growth and cardiovascular health. We have demonstrated previously that maternal gestational dietary protein restriction in mice significantly elevated adult offspring systolic blood pressure. Therefore, the present study investigates the key mechanisms of blood pressure regulation in these mice. Following mating, female MF-1 mice were assigned to either a normal-protein diet (NPD; 18 % casein) or an isocaloric low-protein diet throughout gestation (LPD; 9 % casein), or fed the LPD exclusively during the pre-implantation period (3.5 d) before returning to the NPD for the remainder o... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3247560 Thu, 04 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3247560 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3247559&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20128938%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Luoto R, Laitinen K, Nermes M, Isolauri E The perinatal nutritional environment impacts upon the health and well-being of mother and child also in the long term. The aim of the present study was to determine the safety and efficacy of perinatal probiotic-supplemented dietary counselling by evaluating pregnancy outcome and fetal and infant growth during the 24 months' follow-up. Altogether, 256 women were randomised at their first trimester of pregnancy into a control and a dietary intervention group. The intervention group received intensive dietary counselling provided by a nutritionist and were further randomised, double-blind to receive probiotics (Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12; diet/probiotics) or placebo (diet/placebo). Firstly, probiotic inte... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3247559 Thu, 04 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3247559 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3247558&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20128939%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Vereecken C, Dohogne S, Covents M, Maes L Computer-administered questionnaires have received increased attention for large-scale population research on nutrition. In Belgium-Flanders, Young Adolescents' Nutrition Assessment on Computer (YANA-C) has been developed. In this tool, standardised photographs are available to assist in portion-size estimation. The purpose of the present study is to assess how accurate adolescents are in estimating portion sizes of food using YANA-C. A convenience sample, aged 11-17 years, estimated the amounts of ten commonly consumed foods (breakfast cereals, French fries, pasta, rice, apple sauce, carrots and peas, crisps, creamy velouté, red cabbage, and peas). Two procedures were followed: (1) short-term recall: adolescents (n 73) self-serve... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3247558 Thu, 04 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3247558 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3217049&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20102671%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Buaud B, Esterle L, Vaysse C, Alfos S, Combe N, Higueret P, Pallet V Numerous studies have reported an association between cognitive impairment in old age and nutritional factors, including dietary fat. Retinoic acid (RA) plays a central role in the maintenance of cognitive processes via its nuclear receptors (NR), retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR), and the control of target genes, e.g. the synaptic plasticity markers GAP-43/neuromodulin and RC3/neurogranin. Given the relationship between RA and the fatty acid signalling pathways mediated by their respective NR (RAR/RXR and PPAR), we investigated the effect of a high-fat diet (HFD) on (1) PUFA status in the plasma and brain, and (2) the expression of RA and fatty acid NR (RARbeta, RXRbetagamma and PPAR... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3217049 Wed, 27 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3217049 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3217048&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20102672%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yin F, Zhang Z, Huang J, Yin Y The present study was conducted to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo digestibility of dietary starch and its digestive behaviour on the systemic circulating amino acids (AA) in weaned pigs. Eighteen weanling pigs surgically fitted with a catheter in the jugular vein were randomly assigned to three dietary treatment groups. Sticky rice starch (SRS) was hydrolysed more quickly in vitro (P < 0.05) than maize starch (MS) and resistant starch (RS), and was almost completely hydrolysed within 4 h. The in vivo digestibility of dietary starch in different segments of the small intestine was significantly different. SRS was digested (81.9 %; P < 0.05) in the anterior jejunum, but not more than half of the MS and RS was digested in the same segment o... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3217048 Wed, 27 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3217048 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3217047&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20102673%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lu J, Ren DF, Wang JZ, Sanada H, Egashira Y Increasing attention has been paid to Spirulina for its potential clinical uses. The present study investigated the protection by dietary Spirulina platensis against d-galactosamine (d-GalN)- and acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatitis in ICR mice. Mice in each group (n 6) were fed with a standard diet (American Institute of Nutrition (AIN)-93G), a positive control diet containing 0.5 % butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), or a diet containing 3, 6 or 9 % S. platensis for 1 week. On the last day the mice were treated with d-GalN (300 mg/kg body weight, intraperitoneally) or APAP (150 mg/kg body weight, intraperitoneally) and 24 h later the mice were killed. The doses of both 6 and 9 % S. platensis were found to significantly alleviate the ... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3217047 Wed, 27 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3217047 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3217046&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20102675%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fernández-Ballart JD, Piñol JL, Zazpe I, Corella D, Carrasco P, Toledo E, Perez-Bauer M, Martínez-González MA, Salas-Salvadó J, Martín-Moreno JM The aim of the present study was to assess reproducibility and relative validity of a self-administered FFQ used in the PREDIMED Study, a clinical trial for primary prevention of CVD by Mediterranean diet in a population at high cardiovascular risk. The FFQ was administered twice (FFQ1 and FFQ2) to explore reproducibility at 1 year. Four 3 d dietary records (DR) were used as reference to explore validity; participants therefore recorded their food intake over 12 d in the course of 1 year. The degree of misclassification in the FFQ was also evaluated by a contingency table of quintiles comparing the inform... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3217046 Wed, 27 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3217046 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3217045&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20102676%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lowe NM, Mitra SR, Foster PC, Bhojani I, McCann JF Suboptimal vitamin D status among the South Asian UK population is widely reported; however, its impact on bone health is unclear. The aim of the present study was to conduct a comparative investigation of vitamin D status in postmenopausal South Asian (SA) and Caucasian (C) women and its relationship to parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentration, biochemical markers of bone turnover and bone quality. A cross-sectional study of community-dwelling women aged 50-66 years was carried out. A total of sixty-six SA women of Pakistani origin and forty-two C women living in the same community were recruited. Fasting blood was taken for the measurement of vitamin D, PTH and biochemical markers of bone turnover, including type-1 collagen b... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3217045 Wed, 27 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3217045 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3217059&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20100371%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bredsdorff L, Nielsen IL, Rasmussen SE, Cornett C, Barron D, Bouisset F, Offord E, Williamson G We have determined the absorption, conjugation and excretion of naringenin-7-O-rutinoside (narirutin) compared to the corresponding glucoside in an orange juice matrix in human subjects. Healthy volunteers (eight men and eight women), in a double blind, randomised, crossover study, consumed orange juice with (1) natural content of naringenin-7-O-rutinoside; (2) alpha-rhamnosidase-treated to yield naringenin-7-O-glucoside. Blood was sampled at twelve time points and three fractions of urine were collected over 24 h. The area under the plasma-time curve of naringenin from (2) alpha-rhamnosidase-treated orange juice was increased about 4-fold (P < 0.0001), peak plasma concentration ... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3217059 Tue, 26 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3217059 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3217058&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20100372%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Thompson RL, Miles LM, Lunn J, Devereux G, Dearman RJ, Strid J, Buttriss JL The aim of the present systematic review was to evaluate the influence of early life exposure (maternal and childhood) to peanuts and the subsequent development of sensitisation or allergy to peanuts during childhood. Studies were identified using electronic databases and bibliography searches. Studies that assessed the impact of non-avoidance compared with avoidance or reduced quantities of peanuts or peanut products on either sensitisation or allergy to peanuts, or both outcomes, were eligible. Six human studies were identified: two randomised controlled trials, two case-control studies and two cross-sectional studies. In addition, published animal and mechanistic studies, relevant to the question of... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3217058 Tue, 26 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3217058 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3217057&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20100373%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Minshall EM, Warner JO PMID: 20100373 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The British Journal of Nutrition) The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3217057 Tue, 26 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3217057 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3217056&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20100374%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sadrzadeh-Yeganeh H, Elmadfa I, Djazayery A, Jalali M, Heshmat R, Chamary M Many studies have been done on the hypocholesterolaemic effect of probiotic yoghurt. The results, however, are not conclusive. The aim of the present study was to test the effect of probiotic and conventional yoghurt on the lipid profile in women. In a randomised trial, ninety female volunteers aged 19-49 years were assigned to three groups. Subjects consumed daily 300 g probiotic yoghurt containing Lactobacillus acidophilus La5 and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 or 300 g conventional yoghurt or no yoghurt for 6 weeks. Fasting blood samples, 3 d dietary records and anthropometric measurements were collected at baseline (T1), end of week 3 (T2) and end of week 6 (T3). Lipid profile parameters were determin... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3217056 Tue, 26 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3217056 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3217055&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20100375%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Radhika G, Sumathi C, Ganesan A, Sudha V, Jeya Kumar Henry C, Mohan V To compare the glycaemic index (GI) of newly developed 'atta mix' roti with whole wheat flour roti. Eighteen healthy non-diabetic subjects consumed 50 g available carbohydrate portions of a reference food (glucose) and two test foods (whole wheat flour roti and atta mix roti) in random order after an overnight fast. The reference food was tested on three separate occasions, while the test foods were each tested once. Capillary blood samples were measured from finger-prick samples in fasted subjects ( - 5 and 0 min) and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min from the start of each food. No significant difference was observed between roti prepared from whole wheat flour and atta mix in terms of appearance, texture,... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3217055 Tue, 26 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3217055 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3217054&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20100376%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bermingham EN, Thomas DG, Morris PJ, Hawthorne AJ A meta-analysis was carried out in order to establish the energy requirements of adult cats. Publications that identified cat body weight (BW) were used to generate allometric relationships between energy requirements and BW of healthy adult cats, using log-log linear regression. Energy requirements were expressed in kcal/kg BW to be consistent with those reported by the National Research Council. Mean maintenance energy requirements were 55.1 (se 1.2) kcal/kg BW (115 treatment groups). Three allometric equations were identified to predict the energy requirements for maintenance of BW in the cat based on BW: light (53.7 kcal/kg BW- 1.061), normal (46.8 kcal/kg BW- 1.115) and heavy (131.8 kcal/kg BW- 0 .366). When reported on le... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3217054 Tue, 26 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3217054 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3217053&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20100377%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bailey BW, Sullivan DK, Kirk EP, Donnelly JE The purpose of the present study was to determine the dietary predictors of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) area in overweight young adults. A total of 109 young adults (fifty males and fifty-nine females) ate ad libitum in a university cafeteria for 14 d. All food and beverages consumed in the cafeteria were measured using observer-recorded weighed plate waste. Food consumption outside the cafeteria (i.e. snacks) was assessed by multiple-pass 24 h recall procedures. VAT was determined using computed tomography. Stepwise regression demonstrated that the best predictor of visceral adiposity in women was total dietary fat (P </= 0.05). In men, the model for predicting visceral adiposity included Ca and total dietary fat. We concluded... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3217053 Tue, 26 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3217053 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3217052&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20100378%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Urpi-Sarda M, Ramiro-Puig E, Khan N, Ramos-Romero S, Llorach R, Castell M, Gonzalez-Manzano S, Santos-Buelga C, Andres-Lacueva C An increasing number of scientific studies support that flavanol-rich foods and beverages such as cocoa can promote human health, and are beneficial agents for the prevention of some diseases. Our previous studies showed that long-term cocoa intake enhances the antioxidant status in lymphoid organs and also modulates lymphocyte functionality in healthy young rats. Cocoa polyphenolic antioxidants seem to be the best candidates for those effects. However, data regarding polyphenol metabolites in tissues after a long-term cocoa intake are scarce. In the present study we mainly focus on the uptake and accumulation of epicatechin metabolites in lymphoid o... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3217052 Tue, 26 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3217052 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3217051&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20100379%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Martin LJ, Siliart B, Lutz TA, Biourge V, Nguyen P, Dumon HJ The propensity of diets of different composition to promote obesity is a current topic in feline medicine. The effects of three meals with different protein:fat ratios on hormones (insulin, acylated ghrelin and amylin) involved in the control of food intake and glucose metabolism were compared. Five lean (two females and three males, 28.6 (sd 3.4) % body fat mass (BFM), mean body weight (BW) 4590 g) and five obese (two females and three males, 37.1 (sd 4.1) % BFM, mean BW 4670 g) adult cats were studied. Only BFM differed significantly between obese and lean cats. The cats were fed a high-protein (HP), a high-fat and a high-carbohydrate diet in a randomised cross-over design. Food intake did not differ between cats f... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3217051 Tue, 26 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3217051 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3217050&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20100380%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Epstein J, Sanderson IR, Macdonald TT Curcumin is the active ingredient of turmeric. It is widely used as a kitchen spice and food colorant throughout India, Asia and the Western world. Curcumin is a major constituent of curry powder, to which it imparts its characteristic yellow colour. For over 4000 years, curcumin has been used in traditional Asian and African medicine to treat a wide variety of ailments. There is a strong current public interest in naturally occurring plant-based remedies and dietary factors related to health and disease. Curcumin is non-toxic to human subjects at high doses. It is a complex molecule with multiple biological targets and different cellular effects. Recently, its molecular mechanisms of action have been extensively investigated. It has anti-... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3217050 Tue, 26 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3217050 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3209108&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20096142%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Vågstrand K The present study has explored mother-child relationships in the intake of different food groups and the sex differences in these relationships. A population-based sample of 471 mother-child pairs from Stockholm completed a dietary questionnaire to assess habitual dietary intake. Girls showed overall stronger correlations with their mothers' diet than boys did. The strongest correlations found, in both girls and boys, were for the intakes of fruit juice and sweet bakery goods (r 0.30-0.37, P < 0.001). There was a wide range in correlation strength between food groups. Milk/yoghurt and desserts showed no mother-child relationship at all. Breakfast cereals was the only food group with a significant sex interaction (P = 0.01; mothers-girls, r 0.30, P < 0.00... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3209108 Mon, 25 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3209108 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3202106&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20092665%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Liese AD, Nichols M, Hodo D, Mellen PB, Schulz M, Goff DC, D'Agostino RB We aimed to identify food intake patterns that operate via haemostatic and inflammatory pathways on progression of atherosclerosis among 802 middle-aged adults with baseline and 5-year follow-up ultrasound measurements of common (CCA) and internal carotid artery (ICA) intimal medial thickness (IMT). Food intake was ascertained with an FFQ. We derived food patterns using reduced rank regression (RRR) with plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 and fibrinogen as response variables. We explored the impact of various food pattern simplification approaches. We identified a food pattern characterised by higher intakes of less healthful foods (low-fibre bread and cereal, red and processed meat, cottage cheese, tomato... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3202106 Fri, 22 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3202106 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3198508&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20089204%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, B-vitamin supplementation of older people lowered plasma tHcy but had no effect on plasma AdoMet or AdoHcy concentration. If elevated plasma AdoHcy is detrimental, this may explain why B-vitamins have generally failed to reduce vascular events in clinical trials. PMID: 20089204 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The British Journal of Nutrition) The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3198508 Thu, 21 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3198508 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3198507&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20089205%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Martínez E, Llull R, Del Mar Bibiloni M, Pons A, Tur JA The aim of the present work was to assess the prevalence of the Mediterranean dietary pattern (MDP) in Balearic Islands adolescents, and socio-demographic and lifestyle factors that might determine adherence to the MDP. A cross-sectional nutritional survey was carried out in the Balearic Islands between 2007 and 2008. A random sample (n 1231) of the adolescent population (12-17 years old) was interviewed. Dietary questionnaires and a general questionnaire incorporating questions related to socio-economic status, parental education level and lifestyle factors were used. Dietary habits were assessed by means of two 24 h recalls and a quantitative FFQ. Adherence to the MDP was defined according to a score constructed co... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3198507 Thu, 21 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3198507 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3198509&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20085665%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nagata C, Nakamura K, Wada K, Oba S, Hayashi M, Takeda N, Yasuda K Daily diet may have implications for skin ageing. However, data on the relationship between diet and the parameters of skin conditions are scarce. The present study aimed to examine the associations of biophysical properties of the skin of women with intakes of fats and antioxidant micronutrients as well as food groups as sources of these nutrients. In a cross-sectional study, we measured the hydration, surface lipids and elasticity of the skin of 716 Japanese women using non-invasive techniques. The extent of facial wrinkles in the crow's-foot area was determined by observation using the Daniell scale. Each subject's usual diet was determined with the use of a validated FFQ. After controlling for covariates in... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3198509 Wed, 20 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3198509 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3190163&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20082736%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, there was a positive statistically significant association between prostate cancer risk and energy-adjusted intake of total fat and fat subtypes. These results potentially identify a modifiable risk factor for early-onset prostate cancer. PMID: 20082736 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The British Journal of Nutrition) The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3190163 Tue, 19 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3190163 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3190162&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20082737%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Berry NM, Davison K, Coates AM, Buckley JD, Howe PR Impaired endothelial vasodilatation may contribute to the exaggerated blood pressure (BP) responses to exercise in individuals who are overweight/obese. The present study investigated whether consumption of cocoa flavanols, which improve endothelium-dependent flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), can modify BP responsiveness to exercise. Twenty-one volunteers (eight females and thirteen males, 54.9 (se 2.2) years, BMI 31.6 (se 0.8) kg/m2, systolic BP 134 (se 2) mmHg, diastolic BP (DBP) 87 (se 2) mmHg) were randomised to consume single servings of either a high-flavanol (HF, 701 mg) or a low-flavanol (LF, 22 mg) cocoa beverage in a double-blind, cross-over design with 3-7-d washout between treatments. Two hours after cocoa consumpti... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3190162 Tue, 19 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3190162 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3190161&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20082738%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Caple F, Williams EA, Spiers A, Tyson J, Burtle B, Daly AK, Mathers JC, Hesketh JE Diets rich in fruits and vegetables are associated with lower risk of cancer which may be conferred in part by the antioxidant properties of these foods. However, antioxidant supplementation or increased consumption of antioxidant-rich foods has been reported to have inconsistent effects on DNA damage. The present work (the DART study) investigated the extent of inter-individual variation in DNA damage, the capacity for base excision repair (BER) and the responses of both variables to supplementation with an antioxidant supplement for 6 weeks. There was a wide inter-individual variation in endogenous lymphocyte DNA strand breaks (8-fold variation), in damage after a challenge with H2O2 (16-fold ... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3190161 Tue, 19 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3190161 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3176342&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20070915%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of the present review was to summarise the existing European published and 'grey' literature on the effectiveness of school-based interventions to promote a healthy diet in children (6-12 years old) and adolescents (13-18 years old). Eight electronic databases, websites and contents of key journals were systematically searched, reference lists were screened, and authors and experts in the field were contacted for studies evaluating school-based interventions promoting a healthy diet and aiming at primary prevention of obesity. The studies were included if they were published between 1 January 1990 and 31 December 2007 and reported effects on dietary behaviour or on anthropometrics. Finally, forty-two studies met the inclusion criteria: twenty-nine in children and thirteen in ... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3176342 Thu, 14 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3176342 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3176341&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20070916%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sichieri R, Dos Santos Barbosa F, Moura EC To ascertain the association of BMI and obesity with short stature, a cross-sectional telephone survey was conducted in 2006, using a multilevel approach, adjusting for individual- and city-level measures of socio-economic status. The study probabilistic sample consisted of 54 369 adults (>18 years) living in households with access to telephone lines in each urban area of the twenty-six Brazilian state capitals and federal district. Odds of being currently obese and obese at age 20 years were compared between short stature individuals (5th percentile) and those with normal stature. After controlling for individual- and city-level sociodemographic characteristics and behaviours, high BMI was strongly associated with short stature in... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3176341 Thu, 14 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3176341 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3176340&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20070917%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gaudana SB, Dhanani AS, Bagchi T Lactobacilli isolated from various sources were identified on the basis of 16S-23S rRNA gene intergenic region amplification and subsequent sequencing of the smaller intergenic region. An in vitro analysis of probiotic properties including binding, ability to tolerate different concentrations of bile, survival in acidic buffer and antimicrobial activity of four different isolates and two standard strains (Lactobacillus plantarum American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 8014 and L. rhamnosus GG (LGG)) was carried out. The ability of each isolate to stimulate Caco-2 cells, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and THP-1 cells resulting in immunomodulation of these cells was analysed. Isolates L. rhamnosus CS25 and L. delbrueckii M and st... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3176340 Thu, 14 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3176340 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3176339&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20070918%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pitozzi V, Jacomelli M, Zaid M, Luceri C, Bigagli E, Lodovici M, Ghelardini C, Vivoli E, Norcini M, Gianfriddo M, Esposto S, Servili M, Morozzi G, Baldi E, Bucherelli C, Dolara P, Giovannelli L The aim of the present study was to verify whether extra-virgin olive oil, a dietary component naturally containing phenolic antioxidants, has the potential to protect the brain from the deleterious effects of ageing. To accomplish this goal, we used male rats fed a high-energy diet containing either maize oil, or extra-virgin olive oil with high or low phenol content (720 or 10 mg total phenols/kg oil, corresponding to a daily dose of 4 or 0.05 mg total phenols/kg body weight, respectively) from age 12 months to senescence. The measured endpoints were biochemical parameters related to ... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3176339 Thu, 14 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3176339 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3176343&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20067656%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Maul R, Kulling SE In addition to soya-derived preparations, red clover-based dietary supplements have gained considerable interest as an alternative isoflavone (IF) source. While metabolism and bioavailability of the main IF from both sources have already been investigated, studies are still lacking on the biokinetic behaviour of IF, which are present in red clover in minor amounts. In the present pilot study, in which seven volunteers ingested a single dose of a commercial red clover dietary supplement, we focused on the absorption of three such IF, irilone (IRI), prunetin (PRUN) and pseudobaptigenin (PBAP). The compounds were measured as aglycones after enzymatic hydrolysis. A single intake of an amount of as low as 3.8 mg IRI (out of 38.8 mg IF in total) resulted in an IRI... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3176343 Wed, 13 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3176343 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3167942&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20064283%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fang Z, Huang F, Luo J, Wei H, Ma L, Jiang S, Peng J The present study was conducted in a one-factorial arrangement to determine the effects of dl-2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutyrate (dl-HMTB) on the first-pass intestinal metabolism of dietary methionine and its extra-intestinal availability. Barrows (n 6; aged 35 d; weight 8.6 kg), implanted with arterial, portal, mesenteric and gastric catheters, were fed a diet containing dl-methionine (dl-MET) or dl-HMTB once hourly and infused intramesenterically with 1 % p-aminohippurate and intragastrically with [1-13C]methionine at 7.0 mumol/kg body weight per h. Arterial and portal blood samples were taken at hourly intervals until 6 h of tracer infusion and pigs was then killed for collection of muscle, intestine, liver and kidney samples... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3167942 Tue, 12 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3167942 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3167941&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20064284%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wallace A, Eady S, Miles M, Martin H, McLachlan A, Rodier M, Willis J, Scott R, Sutherland J Honey is an established traditional medicine with a variety of putative nutritional and health effects, including antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and prebiotic. The aim of the present study was to investigate the safety of consuming manuka honey, UMF(R) 20+, on healthy individuals by establishing whether UMF(R) 20+caused an allergic response (as measured by IgE levels), changed major commensal and beneficial microbial groups in the gut and/or affected levels of one of the most common advanced glycation endpoints, N-(carboxymethyl)-lysine (CML). The study had a randomised, double-blind cross-over design. A total of twenty healthy individuals aged 42-64 years were recruited... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3167941 Tue, 12 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3167941 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3167940&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20064285%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: He J, Yin J, Wang L, Yu B, Chen D The xyn2 gene of a filamentous mesophilic fungus, Trichoderma reesei, coding xylanase 2 (Xyn2) was previously expressed in Pichia pastoris. In the present study, the recombinant Xyn2 was prepared from a 15 litre fermenter, and subsequently characterised. It has been confirmed to have a molecular mass of 21 kDa, an optimal pH of 6.0 and an optimal temperature of 60 degrees C. When tested using oat-spelt xylan, it showed a Km and catalytic rate constant (kcat) of 1.1 mg/ml and 512.4/s, respectively. Analysis of the products from oat-spelt xylan degradation confirmed that the enzyme was an endoxylanase with xylotriose and xylobiose as the main degradation products. The unprocessed Xyn2 was supplemented to a xylan-containing diet to determine its ... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3167940 Tue, 12 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3167940 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3143478&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20047701%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bielohuby M, Bodendorf K, Brandstetter H, Bidlingmaier M, Kienzle E Knowledge about metabolisable energy (ME) intake is crucial for various experimental settings in rodent studies. ME considers faecal and renal energy losses. In particular, faecal energy excretion can vary considerably between differentially composed diets. Thus determination of faecal energy losses, i.e. apparent energy digestibility, is the most important experimental approach to determine ME. Predictive equations for ME such as Atwater factors or an equation for pigs, which are frequently employed for rodent feed, consider an average energy digestibility for nutrients and average renal losses for protein. Both equations, however, were never validated for rat feed. We therefore determined experimentally the ... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3143478 Tue, 05 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3143478 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3121088&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20030899%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of the present study was to investigate the time-dependent regulation by epicatechin on the activity of the main transcription factors (NF-kappaB, activator protein-1 (AP-1) and nuclear transcription factor erythroid 2p45-related factor (Nrf2)) related to antioxidant defence and survival and proliferation pathways in HepG2 cells. Treatment of cells with 10 mum-epicatechin induced the NF-kappaB pathway in a time-dependent manner characterised by increased levels of IkappaB kinase (IKK) and phosphorylated inhibitor of kappaB subunit-alpha (p-IkappaBalpha) and proteolytic degradation of IkappaB, which was consistent with an up-regulation of the NF-kappaB-binding activity. Time-dependent activation of the AP-1 pathway, in concert with enhanced c-Jun nuclear levels and induction o... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3121088 Sat, 26 Dec 2009 10:18:13 +0100 3121088 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3121087&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20030904%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nazare JA, de Rougemont A, Normand S, Sauvinet V, Sothier M, Vinoy S, Désage M, Laville M Low glycaemic index (LGI) foods have been proposed as potential means to decrease postprandial glucose excursions and thus to improve diabetes management. We modulated glucose availability of cereal products and thus their glycaemic index to study the metabolic effect of LGI foods on daylong glucose control acutely and in the long term following a 5-week GI intervention diet in free-living subjects. In this randomised, parallel trial, two groups of nineteen overweight subjects followed an ad libitum 5-week intervention diet in which usual starch was replaced by either LGI or high GI (HGI) starch. During the exploration days (days 1 and 36), subjects ate their assigned 13C-labelled te... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3121087 Thu, 24 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3121087 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3121086&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20030905%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Davison G, Diment BC Oral supplementation with bovine colostrum (COL) has been shown to enhance immunity in human subjects. However, there is limited research on the use of bovine COL supplementation to counter exercise-induced immunodepression, as a model of stress-induced immunodepression, and previous research has focused primarily on salivary IgA. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of bovine COL supplementation on exercise-induced changes in innate immunity (neutrophil function and salivary lysozyme) in addition to salivary IgA. Twenty healthy, active men cycled for 2 h at approximately 64 % maximal oxygen uptake after 4 weeks of daily bovine COL (n 10) or placebo (PLA, n 10) supplementation. Blood and saliva samples were obtained before and after su... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3121086 Thu, 24 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3121086 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3121085&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20030906%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, there was a trend toward lesser contamination in vegans than in omnivores, and olestra had a favourable influence on beta-HCH but did not prevent plasma hyperconcentration of the other OC during ongoing weight loss. PMID: 20030906 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The British Journal of Nutrition) The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3121085 Thu, 24 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3121085 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3116397&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20028599%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Krikorian R, Nash TA, Shidler MD, Shukitt-Hale B, Joseph JA Concord grape juice contains polyphenol compounds, which have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and influence neuronal signalling. Concord grape juice supplementation has been shown to reduce inflammation, blood pressure and vascular pathology in individuals with CVD, and consumption of such flavonoid-containing foods is associated with a reduced risk for dementia. In addition, preliminary animal data have indicated improvement in memory and motor function with grape juice supplementation, suggesting potential for cognitive benefit in ageing humans. In this initial investigation of neurocognitive effects, we enrolled twelve older adults with memory decline but not dementia in a randomised, placebo-controlle... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3116397 Wed, 23 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3116397 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3116396&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20028600%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jacques H, Leblanc N, Papineau R, Richard D, Côté CH It is well known that diets high in nuts or peanuts favourably affect plasma lipid concentrations. However, few studies have examined the effects of nut and peanut protein (PP) on body composition and skeletal muscle properties. The present study was aimed at evaluating the effect of dietary PP compared with two animal proteins, casein (C) and cod protein (CP) on body composition, skeletal muscle contractile properties and lipid metabolism in rats. Thirty-two male rats were assigned to one of the following four diets containing either C, CP, PP or C+peanut protein (CPP, 50:50) mixture. After 28 d of ad libitum feeding and after 12-h fast, blood, liver and muscle were collected for measurements of plasma and hepatic... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3116396 Wed, 23 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3116396 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3116395&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20028601%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dubuisson C, Lioret S, Touvier M, Dufour A, Calamassi-Tran G, Volatier JL, Lafay L Two independent cross-sectional dietary surveys (the Individual and National Food Consumption Surveys, INCA), performed in 1998-99 (INCA1) and in 2006-07 (INCA2) on nationally representative samples of French people, were used to analyse trends in the dietary habits and nutritional intake of French adults. Food consumption was recorded through 7-d dietary records, and nutritional intakes were assessed using the French food composition database. After exclusion of under-reporters, analyses were performed on 3267 adults, aged 18-79 years: 1345 from INCA1 and 1922 from INCA2. The trends highlighted over the 8-year period showed a decrease in consumption of dairy products, meat, bread, potatoes, pas... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3116395 Wed, 23 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3116395 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3116368&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20028602%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Krupa-Kozak U, Juśkiewicz J, Wronkowska M, Soral-Śmietana M, Zduńczyk Z Dietary beans and peas provide fibre, resistant starch and other nutrients that are often lacking in the human diet. The influence of native starches of beans and peas (and microwaved preparations) on N utilisation, biochemical indices in blood serum and caecal ecosystem state (SCFA, bacterial enzymes, micro-organisms) was studied in vivo. The native pea starch contained more resistant starch compared with its bean counterpart (31 v. 17 %); however, processing decreased these amounts to 25 v. 10 %. N digestibility was found to decrease considerably in all experimental groups. A considerable reduction was observed in glucose and total cholesterol concentration in rat blood serum as a resul... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3116368 Wed, 23 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3116368 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3116398&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20025835%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cvjetićanin T, Miljković D, Stojanović I, Dekanski D, Stošić-Grujičić S The health-promoting effects of various constituents of the olive tree (Olea europaea) are mainly associated with hypoglycaemic and insulin-sensitising activities and have been widely demonstrated in the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. However, their biological activity in autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D) is poorly characterised. Therefore, the influence of O. europaea-derived components present in dry olive leaf extract (DOLE) was examined in two established preclinical models of human T1D, which differ in some aspects of diabetogenesis: multiple low-dose streptozotocin-induced diabetes in susceptible C57BL/6 and CBA/H mouse strains; cyclophosphamide-accel... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3116398 Tue, 22 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3116398 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3111767&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20021700%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Graugnard DE, Berger LL, Faulkner DB, Loor JJ Adipocyte differentiation is probably controlled by transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation. Longissimus lumborum from Angus steers (aged 155 d; seven animals per diet) fed high-starch or low-starch diets for 112 d (growing phase) followed by a common high-starch diet for an additional 112 d (finishing phase) was biopsied at 0, 56, 112 and 224 d for transcript profiling via quantitative PCR of twenty genes associated with adipogenesis and energy metabolism. At 56 d steers fed high starch had greater expression of PPARgamma as well as the lipogenic enzymes ATP citrate lyase (ACLY), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), fatty acid synthase (FASN), fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), gl... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3111767 Mon, 21 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3111767 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3111766&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20021701%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Doucet FJ, White GA, Wulfert F, Hill SE, Wiseman J The study was based on correlating a dataset of in vivo mean starch digestibility coefficients obtained in the immediate post-weaning phase of piglets with a range of dietary in vitro variables. The paper presents a model that predicts (R2 0.71) in vivo average starch digestibility coefficients in the 0.5 small-intestinal region of newly weaned piglets fed cereal-based diets using seven in vitro variables describing starch properties that are fundamentally associated with the quality of feed materials, i.e. hydration, structure and amylolytic digestion. The variables were: Rapid Visco Analyser (RVA; measures the viscosity of materials when sheared under defined hydration and temperature regimens); RVA end viscosity; RVA (gelat... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3111766 Mon, 21 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3111766 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3111765&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20021702%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nicholson SK, Tucker GA, Brameld JM Previous cell culture-based studies have shown potential health beneficial effects on gene expression of dietary polyphenols, including those found in red wine and green tea. However, these studies have tended to use higher concentrations (2-100 mum) than those observed in blood (0.1-1 mum) after consuming polyphenol-rich foods or beverages. The present study investigated effects of physiological concentrations of different classes of dietary polyphenol on the expression of genes important in cardiovascular health (endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), endothelin-1 (ET-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)) by cultured vascular endothelial cells (human umbilical vein endothelial cells) in the absence or presence of H2O2. Resveratrol and... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3111765 Mon, 21 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3111765 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3111764&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20021703%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of a multispecies probiotic on the faecal microbiota during and after antibiotic intake in patients with a history of frequent antibiotic use. In this randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind study, thirty chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients treated with antibiotics for a respiratory tract infection received 5 g of a multispecies probiotic or placebo twice daily for 2 weeks. Faecal samples were collected at 0, 7, 14 and 63 d. Changes in the composition of the dominant faecal microbiota were determined by PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Changes in bacterial subgroups were determined by quantitative PCR and culture. Bowel movements were scored daily according to the Bristol stool form s... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3111764 Mon, 21 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3111764 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3111763&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20021704%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rose DJ, Venema K, Keshavarzian A, Hamaker BR The purpose of this research was to test the hypothesis that starch-entrapped microspheres would produce favourable fermentation profiles and microbial shifts during in vitro fermentation with the faecal microbiota from patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In vitro fermentation was carried out using a validated, dynamic, computer-controlled model of the human colon (Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek gastro-intestinal model-2) after inoculation with pooled faeces from healthy individuals, patients with inactive IBD (Crohn's disease (CD)) or patients with active IBD (ulcerative colitis (UC)). Starch-entrapped microspheres fermented more slowly and produced more butyrate than fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) when ferm... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3111763 Mon, 21 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3111763 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3111762&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20021705%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Parnell JA, Reimer RA Prebiotic fibres have been proposed to promote weight loss and lower serum cholesterol; however, the mechanisms are not fully understood. The aim of the present research was to identify possible mechanisms through which prebiotic fibres improve serum lipids. Lean and obese JCR:La-cp rats aged 8 weeks consumed one of three diets supplemented with 0, 10 or 20 % prebiotic fibre for 10 weeks. Rats were anaesthetised and a fasting blood sample was taken for lipid analysis. Real-time PCR was used to determine gene expression for cholesterol and fatty acid regulatory genes in liver tissue. Liver and caecal digesta cholesterol and TAG content were quantified. Both doses of prebiotic fibre lowered serum cholesterol levels by 24 % in the obese hyperlipidaemic rats ... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3111762 Mon, 21 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3111762 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3101781&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20003621%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Adolphe JL, Whiting SJ, Juurlink BH, Thorpe LU, Alcorn J Flaxseed is the richest source of the lignan secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG). After ingestion, SDG is converted to secoisolariciresinol, which is further metabolised to the mammalian lignans enterodiol and enterolactone. A growing body of evidence suggests that SDG metabolites may provide health benefits due to their weak oestrogenic or anti-oestrogenic effects, antioxidant activity, ability to induce phase 2 proteins and/or inhibit the activity of certain enzymes, or by mechanisms yet unidentified. Human and animal studies identify the benefits of SDG consumption. SDG metabolites may protect against CVD and the metabolic syndrome by reducing lipid and glucose concentrations, lowering blood pressure, and decreasin... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3101781 Tue, 15 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3101781 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3101780&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20003622%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jimenez C, Leets I, Puche R, Anzola E, Montilla R, Parra C, Aguilera A, García-Casal MN Since there is a reported interrelationship between vitamin A and Fe metabolism, and with immunological response, the objective was to evaluate the effect of a single dose of vitamin A administered to preschool children, on Fe and vitamin A nutritional status, anaemia and phagocytic function of neutrophils, 30 d after supplementation. A total of eighty children (sixty-eight supplemented and twelve controls) were supplemented orally with 200 000 IU (60 mg) vitamin A, and evaluated for nutritional, haematological and immunological responses at the beginning of the study and 30 d after supplementation. Parameters studied included Hb, serum ferritin, retinol and Fe concentrations, transfer... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3101780 Tue, 15 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3101780 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3101779&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20003623%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Beckmann M, Enot DP, Overy DP, Scott IM, Jones PG, Allaway D, Draper J Selective breeding of dogs has culminated in a large number of modern breeds distinctive in terms of size, shape and behaviour. Inadvertently, a range of breed-specific genetic disorders have become fixed in some pure-bred populations. Several inherited conditions confer chronic metabolic defects that are influenced strongly by diet, but it is likely that many less obvious breed-specific differences in physiology exist. Using Labrador retrievers and miniature Schnauzers maintained in a simulated domestic setting on a controlled diet, an experimental design was validated in relation to husbandry, sampling and sample processing for metabolomics. Metabolite fingerprints were generated from 'spot' urine samples... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3101779 Tue, 15 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3101779 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3101778&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20003624%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, lower dietary intakes of carotenoids alter the plasma concentrations of antioxidants and markers of inflammation at rest and in response to exercise. PMID: 20003624 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The British Journal of Nutrition) The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3101778 Tue, 15 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3101778 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3101777&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20003625%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pizzorno J, Frassetto LA, Katzinger J The concept of diet-induced 'acidosis' as a cause of disease has been a subject of interest for more than a century. The present article reviews the history of our evolving understanding of physiological pH, the physiological support for the concept of 'acidosis', the causes of acidosis, how it is recognised, its short-term effects as well as the long-term clinical relevance of preventative measures, and the research support for normalisation of pH. Further, we suggest differentiation of the terms 'acidosis' and 'acidaemia' as a way to resolve the conflation of these topics which has led to confusion and controversy. The available research makes a compelling case that diet-induced acidosis, not diet-induced acidaemia, is a real phenomenon,... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3101777 Tue, 15 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3101777 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3101776&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20003626%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of the present study is to assess the association between vitamin A deficiency (VAD) evaluated by serum retinol concentration from the mother and umbilical cord and placental concentration of retinol and carotenoids to propose placental values representative of deficiency. Two hundred and sixty-two puerperal women and their newborns were assessed. Concentration of serum and placental retinol and carotenoids was determined by the spectrophotometric method. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed according to two cut-off points (0.70 and 1.05 mumol/l) to represent deficiency in the placental concentration. No difference between averages of placental retinol and carotenoids was observed in the puerperal women regardless of the cut-off point used to d... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3101776 Tue, 15 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3101776 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3101775&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20003627%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lykkesfeldt J, Poulsen HE In contrast to the promised 'antioxidant miracle' of the 1980s, several randomised controlled trials have shown no effect of antioxidant supplements on hard endpoints such as morbidity and mortality. The former over-optimistic attitude has clearly called for a more realistic assessment of the benefit:harm ratio of antioxidant supplements. We have examined the literature on vitamin C intervention with the intention of drawing a conclusion on its possible beneficial or deleterious effect on health and the result is discouraging. One of several important issues is that vitamin C uptake is tightly controlled, resulting in a wide-ranging bioavailability depending on the current vitamin C status. Lack of proper selection criteria dominates the currently ava... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3101775 Tue, 15 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3101775 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3101785&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20003610%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, interventions to decrease SSB intake should focus on improving attitudes and perceived behavioural control to reduce intake, and on limiting home availability and stimulating stricter family food rules regarding SSB consumption. PMID: 20003610 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The British Journal of Nutrition) The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3101785 Mon, 14 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3101785 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3101784&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20003611%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Levitan EB, Mittleman MA, Wolk A The association of dietary glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic load (GL) with CVD has been examined in several populations with varying results. We tested the hypothesis that women with diets high in GI or GL would have higher rates of myocardial infarction (MI), and the associations would be stronger in overweight women. We measured dietary GI and GL in 36 234 Swedish Mammography Cohort participants aged 48-83 years using FFQ. Cox models were used to calculate incidence rate ratios (RR) and 95 % CI for hospitalisation or death due to MI assessed using the Swedish inpatient and cause-of-death registers from 1 January 1998 until 31 December 2006. Over 9 years of follow-up, 1138 women were hospitalised or died due to a first MI. In multivariable-a... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3101784 Mon, 14 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3101784 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3101783&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20003612%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Eilander A, Muthayya S, van der Knaap H, Srinivasan K, Thomas T, Kok FJ, Kurpad AV, Osendarp SJ While undernutrition and anaemia have previously been linked to poor development of children, relatively little is known about the role of B-vitamins and fatty acids on cognition. The present study aims to explore the associations between indicators of body size, fatty acid and micronutrient status on cognitive performance in 598 Indian school children aged 6-10 years. Baseline data of a clinical study were used to assess these associations by analyses of variance adjusting for age, sex, school, maternal education and cognitive tester. The Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children II was used to measure four cognitive domains, including fluid reasoning, short-term memory, retrieval ab... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3101783 Mon, 14 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3101783 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3101782&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20003617%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Serra A, Macià A, Romero MP, Valls J, Bladé C, Arola L, Motilva MJ Among procyanidins (PC), monomers, such as catechin and epicatechin, have been widely studied, whereas dimer and trimer oligomers have received much less attention, despite their abundance in our diet. Recent studies have showed that as dimers and trimers could be important in determining the biological effects of procyanidin-rich food, understanding their bioavailability and metabolism is fundamental. The purpose of the present work is to study the stability of PC under digestion conditions, the metabolism and the bioavailability by using a combination of in vitro and in vivo models. Simultaneously, the matrix effect of a carbohydrate-rich food on the digestibility and bioavailability of PC is invest... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3101782 Mon, 14 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3101782 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3101789&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20003567%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sasajima N, Ogasawara T, Takemura N, Fujiwara R, Watanabe J, Sonoyama K Strategies to manipulate the gut microbiota have been explored for preventing allergy development. We previously showed that dietary supplementation with fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) reduced 2, 4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)-induced contact hypersensitivity (CHS) in BALB/c mice. Because the CHS response was negatively correlated with the number of faecal bifidobacteria, particularly Bifidobacterium pseudolongum, the present study aimed to examine whether oral administration of B. pseudolongum affects CHS response. Viable B. pseudolongum was successfully isolated from mouse faeces. Female BALB/c mice were fed a synthetic diet with or without FOS supplementation, and B. pseudolongum (2 x 107 cells) was admini... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3101789 Thu, 10 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3101789 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3101788&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20003568%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, AXOS are a well-tolerated prebiotic at the dose of 10 g/d. AXOS intake increases faecal bifidobacteria and reduces urinary p-cresol excretion. PMID: 20003568 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The British Journal of Nutrition) The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3101788 Thu, 10 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3101788 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3101787&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20003569%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bevan RJ, Mistry N, Patel PR, Halligan EP, Dove R, Lunec J Intracellular vitamin C acts to protect cells against oxidative stress by intercepting reactive oxygen species (ROS) and minimising DNA damage. However, rapid increases in intracellular vitamin C may induce ROS with subsequent DNA damage priming DNA repair processes. Herein, we examine the potential of vitamin C and the derivative ascorbate-2-phosphate (2-AP) to induce a nucleotide excision repair (NER) response to DNA damage in a model of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Exposure of cells to elevated levels of vitamin C induced ROS activity, resulting in increased levels of deoxycytidine glyoxal (gdC) and 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) adducts in DNA; a stress response was also induced by 2-AP, but was delayed i... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3101787 Thu, 10 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3101787 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3101786&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20003570%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of dietary phytate and microbial phytase on the lipase activity, lipid metabolism and mRNA expressions of fatty acid synthase (FASN) and leptin in broiler chickens. The study was conducted as a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments with phytate phosphorus at 0.20 and 0.40 % (added as the sodium phytate) and supplemental microbial phytase at 0, 500, or 1000 phytase units/kg. The results showed that phytase improved (P < 0.05) the growth performance and ileal digestibility of nutrients of broilers, but phytate had no effect (P>0.05) on these parameters, except the decrease (P < 0.01) in the digestibility of Ca. Phytate decreased (P < 0.05) the lipase activity, serum total cholesterol (T-CHO) and hepatic TAG, and... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3101786 Thu, 10 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3101786 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3077290&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19995470%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gordon Bell J, Miller D, Macdonald DJ, Mackinlay EE, Dick JR, Cheseldine S, Boyle RM, Graham C, O'Hare AE The erythrocyte and plasma fatty acid compositions of children with autism were compared in a case-control study with typically developing (TD) children and with children showing developmental delay (DD). Forty-five autism subjects were age-matched with TD controls and thirty-eight with DD controls. Fatty acid data were compared using paired t tests. In addition, blood fatty acids from treatment-naive autism subjects were compared with autism subjects who had consumed fish oil supplements by two-sample t tests. Relatively few differences were seen between erythrocyte fatty acids in autism and TD subjects although the former had an increased arachidonic acid (ARA):EPA ratio... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3077290 Wed, 09 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3077290 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3077289&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19995471%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, using NI as the primary predictor produced an accurate prediction of N excretion. Inclusion of foliages in the diets may shift N excretion from urine to faeces and increase the excretion of MFN and EUN. PMID: 19995471 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The British Journal of Nutrition) The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3077289 Wed, 09 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3077289 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3077288&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19995472%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hooper R, Heinrich J, Omenaas E, Sausenthaler S, Garcia-Larsen V, Bakolis I, Burney P Dietary patterns offer an alternative to the analysis of individual foods or nutrients in nutritional epidemiological studies. The aim of the present study was to identify dietary patterns common to different European countries and examine their associations with asthma. In five study centres (two in Germany, two in the UK and one in Norway), 1174 adults aged 29-55 years completed a FFQ and respiratory symptoms questionnaire. A meta-analytic approach was used to identify the dietary patterns and analyse them in relation to current asthma, asthma symptoms and bronchial responsiveness (BHR). Two patterns emerged, generally correlating with the same foods at different centres: one associated wit... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3077288 Wed, 09 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3077288 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3077287&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19995473%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Touvier M, Méjean C, Kesse-Guyot E, Vergnaud AC, Péneau S, Hercberg S, Castetbon K Nutritional recommendations call for balanced, diversified consumption of starchy foods and increased whole-grain food intake. Their efficiency may depend on sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors, for which little information is available. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics and starchy food consumption in a large general population of French adults. Dietary intake was assessed using at least six 24-h dietary records collected, during a 2-year period, from 4574 men and women aged 45-60 years who participated in the Supplémentation en VItamines Minéraux et AntioXydants cohort study in ... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3077287 Wed, 09 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3077287 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3077286&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19995474%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Calder PC PMID: 19995474 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The British Journal of Nutrition) The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3077286 Wed, 09 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3077286 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3071630&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19968890%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, intake of EPA+DHA was positively associated with dispositional optimism assessed with the 4Q, but not with optimism assessed with the LOT-R or with depressive symptoms. PMID: 19968890 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The British Journal of Nutrition) The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3071630 Tue, 08 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3071630 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3071629&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19968891%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, low serum folate was present in almost a third of the adult population in the present study and was associated with several lifestyle factors whereas low serum concentrations of vitamin B12 were less common and only found to be associated with a few lifestyle factors. PMID: 19968891 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The British Journal of Nutrition) The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3071629 Tue, 08 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3071629 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3071628&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19968892%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yang YJ, Nam SJ, Kong G, Kim MK Gim (Porphyra sp.) and miyeok (Undaria pinnatifida) are the seaweeds most consumed by Koreans. We investigated the association between the intake of gim and miyeok and the risk of breast cancer in a case-control study. Cases were 362 women aged 30-65 years old, who were histologically confirmed to have breast cancer. Controls visiting the same hospital were matched to cases according to their age (sd 2 years) and menopausal status. Food intake was estimated by the quantitative FFQ with 121 items, including gim and miyeok. Conditional logistic regression analysis was used to obtain the OR and corresponding 95 % CI. The average intake and consumption frequency of gim in cases were lower than in controls. The daily intake of gim was inversely assoc... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3071628 Tue, 08 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3071628 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3071627&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19968893%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mushtaq S, Heather Mangiapane E, Hunter KA Dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) from ruminant-derived foods may be potentially beneficial to health. The quantity of cis-9, trans-11 CLA and trans-10, cis-12 CLA in a range of UK foodstuffs (112 foods) was determined using triple-column silver ion HPLC. The cis-9, trans-11 CLA content ranged from 1.9 mg/g lipid (mild Cheddar) to 7.3 mg/g lipid (processed cheese) in cheeses, from 0.9 mg/g lipid (ice cream) to 3.7 mg/g lipid (double cream) in non-cheese dairy products, and from 2.9 mg/g lipid (Swedish meatballs) to 6.0 mg/g lipid (minced lamb) in meat products. cis-9, trans-11 CLA concentrations for chocolate and sweets ranged from 0.1 mg/g lipid (hot chocolate) to 4.8 mg/g lipid (buttermint). The trans-10, cis-12 CLA isomer was ... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3071627 Tue, 08 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3071627 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3071626&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19968894%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: de Greeff A, Huber M, van de Vijver L, Swinkels W, Parmentier H, Rebel J Using a nutrigenomics approach we studied the response of second-generation chickens at a transcriptional level to organically grown feed ingredients compared with conventionally grown feed ingredients. Both diets consisted of the same amounts of ingredients, the only difference was the production method. Gene expression was analysed in jejuni using whole genome chicken cDNA arrays. After analysis, forty-nine genes were found to be differentially regulated between chickens fed on the different diets, independent of their genetic background. Of these forty-nine genes, seven genes were involved in cholesterol biosynthesis. Genes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis were higher expressed in jejuni from organ... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3071626 Tue, 08 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3071626 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3071625&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19968895%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lorincz C, Reimer RA, Boyd SK, Zernicke RF Exposure to diets high in fat and sucrose can induce hyperinsulinaemia, affect Ca and Mg metabolism, and alter bone mineralisation and mechanical properties. The present study assessed morphological and mechanical changes in a murine model exposed to a high-fat/sucrose (HFS) diet, as well as corresponding molecular and endocrine markers of bone turnover. Female C57BL/6 mice (aged 9 weeks) consumed either a low-fat, complex carbohydrate diet or an HFS diet for 10 weeks. At the end of the 10 weeks, serum was collected for biochemical analysis. Tibiae from half the mice (n 15) were randomly selected to be micro-computed tomography scanned and tested to failure in cantilever bending, while the remaining half were prepared for real-time PC... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3071625 Tue, 08 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3071625 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3071632&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19967793%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hall KD PMID: 19967793 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The British Journal of Nutrition) The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3071632 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3071632 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3071631&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19967794%26dopt%3DAbstract The energy cost of protein turnover is arbitrarily distributed between maintenance requirements and protein retention efficiency--response by Roux. Br J Nutr. 2009 Dec;102(11):1697 Authors: Roux CZ PMID: 19967794 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The British Journal of Nutrition) The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3071631 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3071631 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3053240&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19948078%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cardoso BR, Ong TP, Jacob-Filho W, Jaluul O, Freitas MI, Cozzolino SM Studies have shown that various antioxidants are decreased in different age-related degenerative diseases and thus, oxidative stress would have a central role in the pathogenesis of many disorders that involve neuronal degeneration, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). The present study aimed to assess the nutritional status of Se in AD patients and to compare with control subjects with normal cognitive function. The case-control study was carried out on a group of elderly with AD (n 28) and compared with a control group (n 29), both aged between 60 and 89 years. Se intake was evaluated by using a 3-d dietary food record. Se was evaluated in plasma, erythrocytes and nails by using the method of hydride genera... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3053240 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3053240 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3053239&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19948079%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Boss A, Lecoultre V, Ruffieux C, Tappy L, Schneiter P Endurance training improves exercise performance and insulin sensitivity, and these effects may be in part mediated by an enhanced fat oxidation. Since n-3 and n-9 unsaturated fatty acids may also increase fat oxidation, we hypothesised that a diet enriched in these fatty acids may enhance the effects of endurance training on exercise performance, insulin sensitivity and fat oxidation. To assess this hypothesis, sixteen normal-weight sedentary male subjects were randomly assigned to an isoenergetic diet enriched with fish and olive oils (unsaturated fatty acid group (UFA): 52 % carbohydrates, 34 % fat (12 % SFA, 12 % MUFA, 5 % PUFA), 14 % protein), or a control diet (control group (CON): 62 % carbohydrates, 24 % fat (12 % S... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3053239 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3053239 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3053238&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19948080%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Karlsson S, Nånberg E, Fjaeraa C, Wijkander J Ellagic acid, a natural polyphenol found in certain fruits, nuts and vegetables, has in recent years been the subject of intense research within the fields of cancer and inflammation. Pain, fever and swelling, all typical symptoms of inflammation, are ascribed to elevated levels of PGE2. In the present study, we have investigated the effects of ellagic acid on PGE2 release and on prostaglandin-synthesising enzymes in human monocytes. Ellagic acid was found to inhibit Ca ionophore A23187-, phorbol myristate acetate- and opsonised zymosan-induced release of PGE2 from monocytes pre-treated with the inflammatory agent lipopolysaccharide. Ellagic acid suppressed the lipopolysaccharide-induced increase in protein expression of cyclo... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3053238 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3053238 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3053237&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19948081%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zoppi CC, Silveira LR, Oliveira CA, Boschero AC, Curi R, Carneiro EM Pancreatic beta-cells and skeletal muscle act in a synergic way in the control of systemic glucose homeostasis. Several pyruvate-dependent and -independent shuttles enhance tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate (TACI) anaplerosis and increase beta-cell ATP:ADP ratio, triggering insulin exocytotic mechanisms. In addition, mitochondrial TACI cataplerosis gives rise to the so-called metabolic coupling factors, which are also related to insulin release. Peripheral insulin resistance seems to be related to skeletal muscle fatty acid (FA) accumulation and oxidation imbalance. In this sense, exercise has been shown to enhance skeletal muscle TACI anaplerosis, increasing FA oxidation and by this manner restores insul... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3053237 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3053237 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3045447&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19943982%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Oxley A, Jolly C, Eide T, Jordal AE, Svardal A, Olsen RE A study was conducted to assess the effect of substituting high levels of dietary fish oil (FO) and fishmeal (FM) for vegetable oil (VO) and plant protein (PP) on the intestinal arachidonic acid (AA) cascade in the carnivorous fish species Atlantic salmon. Four diets were fed to salmon over a period of 12 months, including a control FMFO diet, with varying replacements of plant-derived ingredients: 80 % PP and 35 % VO; 40 % PP and 70 % VO; 80 % PP and 70 %VO. Subsequently, fish were examined pre- (0 h) and post- (1 h) acute stress for blood parameters and intestinal bioactive lipidic mediators of inflammation (prostaglandins). Plasma cortisol responses were greatest in the FMFO group, while 80 % PP and 70 % VO fish exhib... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3045447 Mon, 30 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3045447 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3045446&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19943983%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tai CJ, Chen CH, Chen HH, Liang HJ High dietary intake of fats has been thought to be one of the major risk factors for the development of CVD. Less is known about the possible influence of fats from various sources on haemorheological abnormalities, which are considered an important factor in the pathogenesis of these diseases. The goal of the present study was to investigate effects of high-fat diets enriched in unsaturated fatty acids (USFA), SFA or trans-fatty acids (TFA), respectively, on haemorheological parameters in rats. Wistar female rats were divided into four groups and fed diets based on the AIN-93M formulation containing approximately 10 % energy from soyabean oil (control group) or 40 % energy from soyabean oil (USFA), palm oil (SFA) and vegetable shortening (TF... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3045446 Mon, 30 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3045446 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3045445&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19943984%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Vauzour D, Houseman EJ, George TW, Corona G, Garnotel R, Jackson KG, Sellier C, Gillery P, Kennedy OB, Lovegrove JA, Spencer JP Epidemiological studies have suggested an inverse correlation between red wine consumption and the incidence of CVD. However, Champagne wine has not been fully investigated for its cardioprotective potential. In order to assess whether acute and moderate Champagne wine consumption is capable of modulating vascular function, we performed a randomised, placebo-controlled, cross-over intervention trial. We show that consumption of Champagne wine, but not a control matched for alcohol, carbohydrate and fruit-derived acid content, induced an acute change in endothelium-independent vasodilatation at 4 and 8 h post-consumption. Although both Champagne wine a... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3045445 Mon, 30 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3045445 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3045444&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19943985%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cameron JD, Cyr MJ, Doucet E There have been reports of an inverse relationship between meal frequency (MF) and adiposity. It has been postulated that this may be explained by favourable effects of increased MF on appetite control and possibly on gut peptides as well. The main goal of the present study was to investigate whether using a high MF could lead to a greater weight loss than that obtained with a low MF under conditions of similar energy restriction. Subjects were randomised into two treatment arms (high MF = 3 meals+3 snacks/d or low MF = 3 meals/d) and subjected to the same dietary energy restriction of - 2931 kJ/d for 8 weeks. Sixteen obese adults (n 8 women and 8 men; age 34.6 (sd 9.5); BMI 37.1 (sd 4.5) kg/m2) completed the study. Overall, there was a 4.7 % decre... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3045444 Mon, 30 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3045444 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3045443&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19943986%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Olusanya BO The present cross-sectional study set out to determine the nutritional status of infants aged 0-3 months with the WHO Multicentre Growth Reference (WHO-MGR) and examine the relationship between undernutrition and congenital or early-onset sensorineural hearing loss (CESHL) rarely reported for developing countries. The nutritional status of all infants attending community-based clinics for routine Bacille de Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunisation from July 2005 to December 2006 was determined by weight-for-age, weight-for-length and BMI-for-age based on the WHO-MGR. Hearing loss status was determined by tympanometry, auditory brainstem response (ABR) and visual response audiometry after a two-stage screening with transient evoked otoacoustic emissions and automated... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3045443 Mon, 30 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3045443 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3045442&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19944000%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Richard L, Blanc PP, Rigolet V, Kaushik SJ, Geurden I We used a factorial approach to distinguish maintenance from growth requirements for protein, lysine and methionine in the black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon. Juvenile P. monodon (initial weight 2.4 g) were fed during 6 weeks one of ten semi-purified diets based on casein and purified amino acids (AA) as N source. The diets contained four levels of crude protein (CP, from 5 to 54 % DM diet) with two levels (% CP) of lysine or methionine (normal or 30 % deficient). Requirements were determined using linear and non-linear regression models. We could thus obtain the first ever data on maintenance (N equilibrium) requirements for CP and AA in P. monodon. CP requirements for maintenance (4.5 g/kg body weight (BW) per d) represe... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3045442 Mon, 30 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3045442 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3035354&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19941677%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Monk JM, Woodward B Plasma transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta levels are high in the advanced stages of acute (wasting) pre-pubescent deficits of protein and energy. Consequently, this potently anti-inflammatory cytokine may help to sustain the depression of inflammatory immune competence in acute malnutrition. Our objective was to determine if plasma TGF-beta levels rise during the early stages of acute malnutrition and, secondarily, to confirm the elevation reported previously in advanced weight loss. In two experiments, male and female C57BL/6J mice, initially 19 d old, consumed ad libitum a complete purified diet (group C), or in restricted daily quantities (group R) or had free access to an isoenergetic low-protein diet (group LP). TGF-beta bioactivity in platelet-poor... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3035354 Fri, 27 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3035354 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3035353&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19941678%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Engeham SF, Haase A, Langley-Evans SC Maternal protein restriction in rat pregnancy is associated with altered feeding behaviour in later life. When allowed to self-select their diet, rats subject to prenatal undernutrition show an increased preference for fatty foods. The main aim of the present study was to evaluate the contribution of folic acid in the maternal diet to programming of appetite, since disturbances of the folate and methionine-homocysteine cycles have been suggested to impact upon epigenetic regulation of gene expression and hence programme long-term physiology and metabolism. Pregnant rats were fed diets containing either 9 or 18 % casein by weight, with folate provided at either 1 or 5 mg/kg diet. Adult male animals exposed to low protein (LP) in fetal life ... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3035353 Fri, 27 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3035353 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3035352&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19941679%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kishimoto Y, Tani M, Uto-Kondo H, Saita E, Iizuka M, Sone H, Yokota K, Kondo K Postprandial hyperlipidaemia has been recognised to be a risk factor for atherosclerosis development. Epidemiological and animal studies have shown that Mg intake is inversely associated with some risk factors of atherosclerosis, including lipid metabolism. The present study was performed to determine the effects of Mg supplementation on postprandial responses in serum lipid levels. We used bittern (Nigari, in Japanese), a natural MgCl2 solution from sea or salt lake water, for Mg supplementation. In a two-way, randomised, crossover study, sixteen healthy male volunteers consumed 30 g butter with or without 5 ml bittern containing 500 mg of Mg. Fasting and postprandial blood samples were taken 2, 3,... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3035352 Fri, 27 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3035352 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3030305&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19930760%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Monro JA, Mishra S, Venn B Glycaemic responses to foods reflect the balance between glucose loading into, and its clearance from, the blood. Current in vitro methods for glycaemic analysis do not take into account the key role of glucose disposal. The present study aimed to develop a food intake-sensitive method for measuring the glycaemic impact of food quantities usually consumed, as the difference between release of glucose equivalents (GGE) from food during in vitro digestion and a corresponding estimate of clearance of them from the blood. Five foods - white bread, fruit bread, muesli bar, mashed potato and chickpeas - were consumed on three occasions by twenty volunteers to provide blood glucose response (BGR) curves. GGE release during in vitro digestion of the foods wa... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3030305 Tue, 24 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3030305 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3030304&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19930761%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tiihonen K, Ouwehand AC, Rautonen N A cross-sectional study was carried out in order to compare intestinal microbiological and immunological biomarkers with blood glucose and lipids, satiety-related hormones and inflammatory biomarkers characterising differences between obese and normal weight subjects. Faecal and blood samples were obtained from twenty obese subjects with an average BMI of 32.9 kg/m2 and twenty normal weight subjects with an average BMI of 23.3 kg/m2. Blood insulin, TAG and leptin were significantly elevated, whereas concentrations of HDL and ghrelin were significantly decreased in the obese subjects. Inflammatory status in the obese subjects was characterised by a trend for elevated blood C-reactive protein (CRP; P = 0.06) and IL-6 (P = 0.02). The faecal mic... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3030304 Tue, 24 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3030304 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3030303&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19930762%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ngo Sock ET, Lê KA, Ith M, Kreis R, Boesch C, Tappy L Consumption of simple carbohydrates has markedly increased over the past decades, and may be involved in the increased prevalence in metabolic diseases. Whether an increased intake of fructose is specifically related to a dysregulation of glucose and lipid metabolism remains controversial. We therefore compared the effects of hypercaloric diets enriched with fructose (HFrD) or glucose (HGlcD) in healthy men. Eleven subjects were studied in a randomised order after 7 d of the following diets: (1) weight maintenance, control diet; (2) HFrD (3.5 g fructose/kg fat-free mass (ffm) per d, +35 % energy intake); (3) HGlcD (3.5 g glucose/kg ffm per d, +35 % energy intake). Fasting hepatic glucose output (HGO) was measured with ... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3030303 Tue, 24 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3030303 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3030302&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19930763%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Li M, Piao JH, Tian Y, Li WD, Li KJ, Yang XG Consumption of resistant starch (RS)-enriched foods is associated with decrease in the postprandial glycaemic and insulinaemic responses, accompanied by the production of fermentation-related gases in the large bowel. The present study aimed to determine the postprandial glycaemic and insulinaemic responses to the GM RS-enriched rice and the fermentation-related production of H2 in young and healthy Chinese adults. A total of sixteen young adults (nine men and seven women) were recruited and divided into three groups. Their postprandial glycaemic and insulinaemic responses to 40 g glucose, carbohydrates of RS or wild-type (WT) rice were tested by a crossover model with a washout period of 7 d. The concentrations of blood glucose and... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3030302 Tue, 24 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3030302 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3030301&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19930764%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Beck EJ, Tapsell LC, Batterham MJ, Tosh SM, Huang XF Epidemiological evidence shows an inverse relationship between dietary fibre intake and body weight gain. Oat beta-glucan, a soluble fibre alters appetite hormones and subjective satiety in acute meal test studies, but its effects have not been demonstrated with chronic consumption. The present study aimed to test the effects in women of two different doses of oat beta-glucan on weight loss and hormones associated with appetite regulation. In a 3-month parallel trial, sixty-six overweight females were randomised into one of three 2 MJ energy-deficit diets: a control and two interventions including 5-6 g or 8-9 g beta-glucan. Anthropometric and metabolic variables (blood glucose level, insulin, total cholesterol (TC), LDL, HD... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3030301 Tue, 24 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3030301 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3030300&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19930765%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Törrönen R, Sarkkinen E, Tapola N, Hautaniemi E, Kilpi K, Niskanen L Sucrose increases postprandial blood glucose concentrations, and diets with a high glycaemic response may be associated with increased risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes and CVD. Previous studies have suggested that polyphenols may influence carbohydrate digestion and absorption and thereby postprandial glycaemia. Berries are rich sources of various polyphenols and berry products are typically consumed with sucrose. We investigated the glycaemic effect of a berry purée made of bilberries, blackcurrants, cranberries and strawberries, and sweetened with sucrose, in comparison to sucrose with adjustment of available carbohydrates. A total of twelve healthy subjects (eleven women and one man, aged 25... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3030300 Tue, 24 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3030300 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3030299&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19930766%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wolongevicz DM, Zhu L, Pencina MJ, Kimokoti RW, Newby PK, D'Agostino RB, Millen BE Obesity affects one in three American adult women and is associated with overall mortality and major morbidities. A composite diet index to evaluate total diet quality may better assess the complex relationship between diet and obesity, providing insights for nutrition interventions. The purpose of the present investigation was to determine whether diet quality, defined according to the previously validated Framingham nutritional risk score (FNRS), was associated with the development of overweight or obesity in women. Over 16 years, we followed 590 normal-weight women (BMI < 25 kg/m2), aged 25 to 71 years, of the Framingham Offspring and Spouse Study who presented without CVD, cancer or diabe... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3030299 Tue, 24 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3030299 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3030298&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19930767%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: López-Oliva ME, Agis-Torres A, Goñi I, Muñoz-Martínez E Grape antioxidant dietary fibre (GADF) is a grape product rich in dietary fibre and natural antioxidants. We showed previously that the GADF intake induced an epithelial hypoplasia in the rat colonic mucosa. In the present study, we propose that the antioxidant effect of GADF could modulate mucosal apoptosis via modulation of the cellular redox environment. Male Wistar rats (n 20) were fed with diets containing either cellulose (control diet group) or GADF (GADF diet group) as fibre for 4 weeks. The GSH:GSSG ratio, the redox state of the GSSG/2GSH couple (Ehc), the mitochondrial and/or cytosolic antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)),... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3030298 Tue, 24 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3030298 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3030297&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19930768%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of the present study was to examine anthropometric, metabolic, psychosocial and dietary factors associated with dropout in a 6-month weight loss intervention aimed at reducing body weight by 10 %. The study sample included 137 sedentary, overweight and obese postmenopausal women, participating in a weight loss intervention that consisted of either energy restriction (ER) or ER with resistance training (ER+RT). Anthropometric (BMI, percent lean body mass, percent fat mass, visceral adipose tissue and waist circumference), metabolic (total energy expenditure, RMR, insulin sensitivity and fasting plasma levels of leptin and ghrelin), psychosocial (body esteem, self-esteem, stress, dietary restraint, disinhibition, hunger, quality of life, self-efficacy, perceived benefits for co... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3030297 Tue, 24 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3030297 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3030296&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19930769%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ozorio RO, Van Ginneken VJ, Bessa RJ, Verstegen MW, Verreth JA, Huisman BA African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) were fed four isonitrogenous diets (34 % crude protein), each containing one of two lipid (100 or 180 g/kg) and two l-carnitine (15 or 1000 mg/kg) levels. After 81 d of feeding, thirty-two fish (body weight 32 g) from each dietary group were randomly selected, sixteen fish were induced to a 3-h swim (speed of 1.5 body length (BL)/s), while the other sixteen fish were kept under resting condition. Fish fed 1000 mg l-carnitine accumulated 3.5 and 5 times more l-carnitine in plasma and muscle, respectively, than fish fed the 15 mg l-carnitine. Muscle l-carnitine content was significantly lower in exercised fish than in rested fish. High dietary lipid level (fish oil) le... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3030296 Tue, 24 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3030296 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2971093&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19889241%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Moisey LL, Robinson LE, Graham TE Caffeine and caffeinated coffee (CC) elicit acute insulin insensitivity when ingested before a carbohydrate load. The effects of CC on glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity when co-ingested with a high carbohydrate meal and on postprandial metabolism of a subsequent (second) carbohydrate load have not been studied. In a randomised, crossover design, ten healthy males ingested either CC (5 mg caffeine/kg body weight), decaffeinated coffee (DC) or water (W; equal volume) co-ingested with a high glycaemic index cereal followed 3 h later by a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test. After the initial meal, insulin area under the curve (AUC) and insulin sensitivity index did not differ between treatments, although glucose AUC for CC (107 (sem 18) mmol... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2971093 Thu, 05 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2971093 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2971092&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19889242%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Molist Gasa F, Ywazaki M, Gómez de Segura Ugalde A, Hermes RG, Gasa Gasó J, Pérez Hernández JF The influence of fibre inclusion and transit time regulation on the performance, health status, microbial activity and population, physico-chemical characteristics of the hindgut digesta and intestinal morphology in early weaned pigs were examined. For these experiments, wheat bran (WB) was used as fibre source and loperamide as a drug (LOP) to increase the digesta transit time. In Expt 1, a total of 128 early weaned pigs were randomly distributed in a 2 x 2 factorial combination of WB inclusion (0 v. 40 g/kg) and LOP administration (0 v. 0.07 mg/kg body weight) during 13 d. For Expt 2, a total of twenty-four piglets were allotted to three dietary treatments for 1... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2971092 Thu, 05 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2971092 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2971091&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19889243%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hettiarachchi M, Liyanage C, Hilmers D, Griffin I, Abrams SA The Thriposha programme is a community-level nutrition intervention in Sri Lanka that provides a combination of energy, protein and micronutrients as a 'ready-to-eat' cereal-based food. We measured the bioavailability of Fe and Zn from Thriposha formula at two different molar ratios of Zn:Fe in order to determine the effect on Fe and Zn absorption. Children 4-7 years (n 53) were given a meal prepared with 50 g Thriposha containing 1.5 mg Zn as zinc sulphate and either 9 mg (high Fe concentration (HiFe)) or 4.5 mg (low Fe concentration (LoFe)) Fe as ferrous fumarate. Zn and Fe percent absorption were measured using stable isotopes by tracer:tracee ratio and by incorporation of erythrocytes, respectively. Percent Fe ab... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2971091 Thu, 05 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2971091 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2971090&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19889244%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Spadafranca A, Martinez Conesa C, Sirini S, Testolin G Dark chocolate (DC) may be cardioprotective by antioxidant properties of flavonoids. We investigated the effect of DC (860 mg polyphenols, of which 58 mg epicatechin) compared with white chocolate (WC; 5 mg polyphenols, undetectable epicatechin) on plasma epicatechin levels, mononuclear blood cells (MNBC) DNA damage and plasma total antioxidant activity (TAA). Twenty healthy subjects followed a balanced diet (55 % of energy from carbohydrates, 30 % from fat and 1 g protein/kg body weight) for 4 weeks. Since the 14th day until the 27th day, they introduced daily 45 g of either WC (n 10) or DC (n 10). Whole experimental period was standardised in antioxidant intake. Blood samples were collected at T0, after 2 weeks (T14), 2 ... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2971090 Thu, 05 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2971090 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2955817&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19883519%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, women affected by VP present a situation of inflammation, plasma oxidative damage and neutrophils more primed to the oxidative burst, with decreased antioxidant activities and increased ROS production capabilities and protein oxidative damage. Dietary supplementation with vitamin E (50 mg/d) and vitamin C (150 mg/d) for 6 months decreased plasma oxidative damage and enhanced the erythrocyte activities of CAT and GR. PMID: 19883519 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The British Journal of Nutrition) The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2955817 Tue, 03 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2955817 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2955823&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19878610%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Epstein J, Docena G, Macdonald TT, Sanderson IR Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a major source of morbidity in children and adults. Its incidence is rising, particularly in young people. IBD carries a lifelong risk of cancer, which is proportional to disease duration. Drug and surgical treatments rarely offer cure and often carry a high side effect burden. Dietary therapy is highly effective in Crohn's disease. For these reasons, there is much interest in developing novel dietary treatments in IBD. Curcumin, a component of the spice turmeric, and an anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer agent, shows preclinical and clinical potential in IBD. Its mechanisms of action are unknown. Our aim was to assess the effect of curcumin on key disease mediators p38 mitogen-activated protein... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2955823 Mon, 02 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2955823 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2955822&cid=s_37639_28_f&fid=37639&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19878614%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kim HY, Okubo T, Juneja LR, Yokozawa T We investigated the effects of amla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.) on fructose-induced metabolic syndrome using a rat model. Male Wistar rats were fed a high-fructose (65 %) diet or standard chow for 1 week, and treated with an ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract of amla, a polyphenol-rich fraction, at 10 or 20 mg/kg body weight per d, or vehicle, for 2 weeks. Serum glucose, TAG, total cholesterol and blood pressure levels of the high-fructose diet-fed rats were increased compared with those of the normal rats (P < 0.001). However, the EtOAc extract of amla ameliorated the high fructose-induced metabolic syndrome, including hypertriacylglycerolaemia and hypercholesterolaemia. Also, the elevated levels of hepatic TAG and total cholesterol in r... The British Journal of Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2955822 Mon, 02 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2955822