MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'The British Journal of Social Psychology' source. Thu, 09 Feb 2012 02:32:27 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5630446&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22273179%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dysvik A, Kuvaas B Abstract This research explored the roles of intrinsic motivation (IM) and extrinsic motivation (EM) and the 2 × 2 model of achievement goals as predictors of increased work effort (WE). A cross-lagged field study was conducted among 1,441 employees from three large Norwegian service organizations across a 10-month time span. The results showed that the relationship between IM and increased WE was more positive for employees with high levels of mastery-approach goals. This observation suggests that having congruent goals may accentuate the positive relationship between IM and WE. PMID: 22273179 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology) The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5630446 Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5630446 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5611359&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22251431%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Platow MJ, Eggins RA, Chattopadhyay R, Brewer G, Hardwick L, Milsom L, Brocklebank J, Lalor T, Martin R, Quee M, Vassallo S, Welsh J Abstract Abstract  In both a laboratory experiment (in Australia) using university as the basis of group membership, and a scenario experiment (in India) using religion as the basis of group membership, we observe more favourable respect and fairness ratings in response to an in-group authority than an out-group authority who administers non-instrumental voice. Moreover, we observe in our second experiment that reported likelihood of protest (herein called "social-change voice") was relatively high following non-instrumental voice from an out-group authority, but relatively low following non-instrumental voice from an in-group authority. Ou... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5611359 Tue, 17 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5611359 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5521222&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22168901%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Potter J Abstract This paper considers one theme in the contemporary legacy of Potter and Wetherell's (1987) Discourse and Social Psychology. It overviews the context that led to that book and considers a series of critical responses from both experimental and critical/qualitative social psychologists. It refutes criticisms and corrects confusions. Focusing on contemporary discursive psychology, it highlights (a) its rigorous use of records of actual behaviour; (b) its systematic focus on normative practices. In methodological terms, it (a) highlights limitations in the use of open-ended interviews; (b) considers the way naturalistic materials provide access to participants' own orientations and displays; (c) builds a distinctive logic of sampling and generalization. In ... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5521222 Wed, 14 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5521222 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5521223&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22150433%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Stel M, van den Bos K, Sim S, Rispens S Abstract People's just world beliefs are related to how they feel and behave towards others: the stronger people hold beliefs that the world treats them fairly, the more they feel and act pro-socially towards others. It is conceivable, therefore, that pro-social feelings and behaviours towards others can strengthen people's personal belief in a just world, especially when people expect these positive feelings to be returned. Because mimicry enhances pro-social feelings towards others, we argue that mimicry may strengthen peoples' personal just world beliefs via positive feelings for the mimicked person and the expectation that these positive feelings are returned. Moreover, we expect these effects to be more pronounced for men becaus... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5521223 Fri, 09 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5521223 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5467242&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22122023%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: van Zomeren M, Klandermans B PMID: 22122023 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology) The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5467242 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5467242 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5467241&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22122024%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Corcoran KE, Pettinicchio D, Young JT Abstract Most research on efficacy and participation in collective action has focused on single country samples with little attention paid to the relationship between efficacy and country-level structural factors. Drawing on value expectancy theory, we theorize a link between macro-level political institutions and micro-level efficacy. To address the previous limitations in the efficacy and collective action literature, we use multi-level, cross-national data, and present results from a series of hierarchical models testing whether efficacy increases collective action cross-nationally, whether political institutions affect efficacy, and whether the effect of efficacy on collective action is conditional on political institutions. We fin... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5467241 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5467241 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5467240&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22122025%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cakal H, Hewstone M, Schwär G, Heath A Abstract Two studies investigated the role of intergroup contact in predicting collective action tendencies along with three key predictors proposed by the social identity model of collective action (SIMCA; Van Zomeren, Postmes, & Spears, 2008). Study 1 (N= 488 Black South African students) tested whether social identity would positively, whereas intergroup contact would negatively predict collective action and support for policies benefiting the ingroup. Study 2 (N= 244 White South African students) predicted whether social identity would positively predict collective action benefiting the ingroup, and intergroup contact would positively predict support for policies to benefit the Black outgroup. Both studies yielded evidence in... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5467240 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5467240 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5467239&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22122026%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fleischmann F, Phalet K, Klein O Abstract Taking an approach from religion as a social identity and using large-scale comparative surveys in five European cities, we investigate when and how perceived discrimination is associated with religious identification and politicization among the second generation of Turkish and Moroccan Muslims. We distinguish support for political Islam from political action as distinct forms of politicization. In addition, we test the mediating role of religious identification in processes of politicization. Study 1 estimates multi-group structural equation models of support for political Islam in Belgium, the Netherlands, and Sweden. In line with a social identity model of politicization and across nine inter-group contexts, Muslims who perceiv... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5467239 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5467239 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5467238&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22122027%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tabri N, Conway M Abstract In this extension of the social identity model of collective action (SIMCA; Van Zomeren, Postmes, & Spears, 2008), group expectancies are an intervening construct for the impact of group identification, perceived group inefficacy, and perceived group injustice on normative collective action. In addition to the SIMCA path from greater group identification to more action, Hypothesis 1 was that greater identification fosters less negative group expectancies, which, in turn, promote action. Hypothesis 2 was that the SIMCA path from greater perceived group inefficacy to less action is mediated by negative group expectancies. These hypotheses were for low- and high-status groups, as was the expectation for the SIMCA path from greater perceived grou... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5467238 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5467238 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5467237&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22122028%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Subašić E, Schmitt MT, Reynolds KJ Abstract Common experience of injustice can be a potent motivator of collective action and efforts to achieve social change - and of such efforts becoming more widespread. In this research, we propose that the effects of co-victimization on collective action are a function of inclusive social identity. Experiment 1 (N= 61) demonstrated that while presence (compared to absence) of co-victimization positively predicted consumer (i.e., participants) willingness to act collectively in solidarity with sweatshop workers, this effect was mediated by inclusive social identity. In Experiment 2 (N= 120), the salience of inclusive social identity was experimentally manipulated and interacted with co-victimization to predict collective action. When... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5467237 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5467237 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5467236&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22122029%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bougie E, Usborne E, de la Sablonnière R, Taylor DM Abstract Responding to calls to contextualize social psychological variables in history, the present research examines the relationship between collective relative deprivation and collective esteem using a historical perspective. We hypothesized that collective relative deprivation perceived to be experienced during an important low-point in a group's history serves to define the group's current collective identity, which is in turn associated with collective esteem. In Study 1, cultural narrative interviews were conducted with Francophone and Anglophone Quebecers in order to identify key historical chapters for these groups and to examine the extent to which historical low-points were identity-defining features of their... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5467236 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5467236 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5467235&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22122030%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Livingstone AG, Manstead AS, Spears R, Bowen D Abstract In two studies, we tested the hypothesis that not having a potentially group-defining attribute (e.g., in-group language) can affect social identification and support for group goals (e.g., national autonomy). Focusing on the Welsh minority in the UK, Study 1 provided evidence that Welsh language fluency predicted Welsh identification and support for national autonomy, and that identification accounted for the language-autonomy association. Study 2 extended this by (1) examining British and English as well as Welsh identification; and (2) quasi-manipulating the surrounding context (Welsh speaking vs. non-Welsh speaking). As predicted, low Welsh language fluency predicted stronger British and English identification, bu... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5467235 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5467235 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5467243&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22118404%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Orr R, McKeown S, Cairns E, Stringer M Abstract A number of studies in both South Africa and the United States of America have indicated the presence of an 'informal' segregation that is active in everyday life spaces and which is resistant to changes in macro level social policy. This research has however been conducted in societies where segregation and division has been based on skin colour. We sought to adapt a micro-ecological technique for use in a non-racially segregated setting, in this case lecture theatres at a University in Northern Ireland. Using seat numbers to examine seating patterns we found that levels of segregation persisted throughout a semester. The success of this methodology in capturing this information has far-reaching implications for the future s... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5467243 Fri, 25 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5467243 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5467244&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22103234%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Eyssel F, Kuchenbrandt D Abstract Previous work on social categorization has shown that people often use cues such as a person's gender, age, or ethnicity to categorize and form impressions of others. The present research investigated effects of social category membership on the evaluation of humanoid robots. More specifically, participants rated a humanoid robot that either belonged to their in-group or to a national out-group with regard to anthropomorphism (e.g., mind attribution, warmth), psychological closeness, contact intentions, and design. We predicted that participants would show an in-group bias towards the robot that ostensibly belonged to their in-group - as indicated by its name and location of production. In line with our hypotheses, participants not only ra... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5467244 Mon, 21 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5467244 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5430478&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22074173%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Miles JB Abstract Over the last few years, a number of works have been published asserting both the putative prosocial benefits of belief in free will and the possible dangers of disclosing doubts about the existence of free will. Although concerns have been raised over the disservice of keeping such doubts from the public, this does not highlight the full danger that is presented by social psychology's newly found interest in the 'hard problem' of human free will. Almost all of the work on free will published to date by social psychologists appears methodologically flawed, misrepresents the state of academic knowledge, and risks linking social psychology with the irrational. PMID: 22074173 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The British Journal of Social Psyc... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5430478 Thu, 10 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5430478 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5430477&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22074206%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examines how Geert Wilders, leader of the far-right Party For Freedom (PVV) in the Netherlands, justifies discriminatory measures for Muslim citizens. Wilders' contributions to four parliamentary debates and newspaper articles are analysed. The analysis shows that Wilders consistently makes a distinction between Islam as a belief system and Muslims as a group of people. Islam is defined as external to the West and as a major threat to the virtuous nature of the in-group. Defending and preserving Western liberal values against Islam is construed as a moral imperative. It is further shown how the distinction between Islam and Muslims functions to ward off accusations of prejudice and discrimination. It is concluded that social psychologists studying prejudice and discrimination sh... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5430477 Thu, 10 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5430477 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5385770&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22044258%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: van Prooijen JW, Kerpershoek EF Abstract The present research examined the psychological origins of retributive reactions, which are defined as independent observers' anger-based emotions, demonized perceptions, and punishment intentions in response to criminal offenders. Based on the idea that society's justice system has an autonomy-protective function, we reason that chronic autonomy interacts with situational autonomy cues (i.e., opportunities to make choices) to predict retributive reactions to criminal offenders. More specifically, we hypothesized that choice opportunities in an unrelated decision-making context would prompt people to display stronger retributive reactions to offenders than no-choice opportunities, and that these effects of choice would be particular... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5385770 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5385770 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5385771&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22032477%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kaposi D Abstract This paper seeks to contribute to the growing band of constructionist approaches within the field of identity studies (Wetherell & Moharty, 2010). First, it will review the developments that have taken place since the emergence of these approaches in the 1980s, identifying a state of fragmentation into local discursive, political-moral, and psychosocial levels of analysis. Second, and in order to challenge this fragmentation, it will present a rhetorical psychological (Billig, 1987, 1999a) analysis of the classic exchange of public letters between Israeli historian of Judaism Gershom Scholem and American political theorist Hannah Arendt in the wake of the latter's book Eichmann in Jerusalem (Arendt, 1994a). The analysis will proceed from local discurs... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5385771 Thu, 27 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5385771 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5385772&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22007756%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gibson S Abstract The present paper outlines a perspective on Milgram's obedience experiments informed by rhetorical psychology. This perspective is demonstrated through a qualitative analysis of audio recordings and transcripts from two of Milgram's experimental conditions: 'voice-feedback' and 'women as subjects'. Analysis draws attention to the way in which participants could draw the experimenter into a process of negotiation over the continuation of the experimental session, something which could lead to quite radical departures from the standardized experimental procedure, and points to the ineffectiveness of Milgram's fourth prod (You have no other choice, you must go on). These observations are discussed in terms of their implications for theory and research on dis... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5385772 Tue, 18 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5385772 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5321969&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21995319%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Heflick NA, Goldenberg JL Abstract Terror management theory (TMT) posits that people cope with mortality concerns via symbolic immortality (e.g., secular cultural beliefs that outlast death) and/or literal immortality (afterlife belief). However, what happens when these two forms of immortality conflict, as in atheism? Would atheists' mortality concerns be better assuaged by affirming an afterlife, or by affirming their literal immortality-denying worldview? Drawing on an untested TMT hypothesis, we predicted that atheists would be buffered from mortality concerns if their atheistic worldview - no life after death - was challenged, but not if it was supported. Results confirmed the hypothesis and were also found for theists and agnostics. These findings support TMT's claim... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5321969 Thu, 13 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5321969 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5321973&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21988071%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yam KC, Bumpus MF, Hill LG Abstract We conducted two experimental studies to examine the effect of introducing social and monetary incentives on participants' (1) effort and (2) willingness to participate in a study. We found that extra credit invoked both communal sharing (CS, social reward) and market pricing (MP, monetary reward) schemas, thus leading to higher willingness to participate and greater effort in an experiment compared to an equivalent cash reward. Consistent with the potential combinational nature of different labour markets proposed by the relational theory, our results suggest that the labour market framework of monetary versus social incentive is not mutually exhaustive of all types of incentive, and the combinational effect created by introducing both ... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5321973 Wed, 12 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5321973 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5321972&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21988090%26dopt%3DAbstract Discussion focuses on how the investigation of counterfactuals can enlarge our knowledge of the socio-cognitive antecedents of collective action. PMID: 21988090 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology) The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5321972 Wed, 12 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5321972 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5321971&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21988737%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Burns M, Stevenson C Abstract The Self Categorization approach to national leadership proposes that leaders rhetorically construct national identity as essentialized and inevitable in order to consensualize and mobilize the population. In contrast, discursive studies have demonstrated how national politicians flexibly construct the nation to manage their own accountability in local interactions, though this in turn has neglected broader leadership processes. The present paper brings both approaches together to examine how and when national politicians construct versions of national identity in order to account for their failure as well as success in mobilizing the electorate. Eight semi-structured conversational style interviews were conducted with a strategic sample of ei... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5321971 Wed, 12 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5321971 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5321970&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21992501%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Weatherall A Abstract This appraisal highlights the productive engagement between feminism and discursive psychology (DP). It discusses some of the confluence and tensions between DP and feminism. The two share critical perspectives on science and psychology, a concern with prejudice, and have ideas in common about the constructed nature of social categories, such as gender. One difficulty arises from the relativism associated with the post-structural theoretical underpinnings of DP, which can be understood as politically paralyzing. Another problem comes from an endorsement of a conversation analytic mentality, where identity categories such as gender can only be legitimately used in an analysis when participants' orient to their relevance. The high-profile debates and li... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5321970 Wed, 12 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5321970 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5270205&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21950350%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jingree T, Finlay WM Abstract This paper uses critical discursive psychology to examine expressions of dissatisfaction and complaint by people with learning disabilities. UK government policies stress that people with learning disabilities should have more control over their lives. Expressing dissatisfaction about services is an important aspect of this process. However, given that such individuals are often treated as incompetent, and given the delicate nature of complaining about services one might rely on for day-to-day support, this can be difficult to do. In building complaints, speakers drew on repertoires about competence and incompetence, the right to free choice as a principle, and tempered dissatisfaction to make contrasts between good and bad supporters and prac... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5270205 Tue, 27 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5270205 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5270206&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21950319%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Scheepers D, Ellemers N, Sassenberg K Abstract This research examines how group status affects the impact of individual power positions on promotion versus prevention choices in group decision making. We consider that high power not only implies control, but also indicates responsibility for the achievement of group goals. We argue that the nature of these goals depends on the current status of the group. In Experiment 1, individuals who were accorded high power showed more promotion-oriented decisions in the low group status condition while decisions were more prevention oriented under high group status. Experiment 2 replicated these effects, and further demonstrated that they only emerge when those in power are explicitly made accountable for the achievement of group goa... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5270206 Fri, 23 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5270206 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5270204&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21950402%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Boag EM, Carnelley KB Abstract Past research shows that attachment security is linked to low prejudice (Hofstra, Van Oudenhoven & Bunnk, 2005; Mikulincer & Shaver, 2001). We extend this research by examining the role of attachment security in discriminatory choices and discriminatory behaviour. The current study examines the influence of primed attachment security (vs. neutral prime) on self-reported discrimination and actual discriminatory behaviour towards Muslims. Results illustrate that primed attachment security (vs. a neutral prime) significantly predicts both the choice to discriminate against Muslims and subsequent behavioural discrimination towards a Muslim. Implications for increasing attachment security as a means of reducing prejudice and discrimination... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5270204 Fri, 23 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5270204 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5270203&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21950455%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Eaton J Abstract Victims of interpersonal transgressions often turn to friends, family, and trusted others when trying to make sense of negative events. This research explored the effect of two of the many ways that these informal third parties can respond: validating the victim's experience, and downplaying or minimizing the transgression. Two studies found that validation from a third party increases revenge motivations and that minimization of the transgression is more effective than validation at reducing revenge motivations. However, results also indicated that victims judge third parties more positively if they validate rather than minimize the transgression. These findings suggest that, when choosing between validation and minimization, third parties must make a cho... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5270203 Fri, 23 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5270203 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5270202&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21950478%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zaal MP, Laar CV, Ståhl T, Ellemers N, Derks B Abstract In two studies, we investigate the effect of individuals' promotion and prevention focus on engagement in collective action. We show that responding to group-based disadvantage out of a sense of moral conviction motivates prevention-oriented- but not promotion-oriented- individuals to engage in collective action. Furthermore, holding such strong moral convictions about the fair treatment of their group causes the prevention-oriented to disregard societal rules against hostile forms of collective action (i.e., forms of action that are aimed at harming the interests of those held responsible for the group's disadvantage). Study 1 showed that prevention-oriented individuals, but not promotion-oriented individuals, with ... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5270202 Thu, 22 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5270202 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5251485&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21936861%26dopt%3DAbstract Discussion focuses on the first two of these themes which together suggest that because the participants saw their shame as produced in interaction with others, effective management and repair of shame depended not just on a changed view of the self but on a repositioning of the self in relation to others. This analysis therefore suggests that repair of shame may often need to be mutually negotiated and as such provides support for theoretical approaches to shame which emphasize the centrality of others' actual or perceived judgements of the self. PMID: 21936861 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology) The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5251485 Wed, 21 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5251485 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5207192&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21895705%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Koschate M, Hofmann W, Schmitt M Abstract Intergroup contact and group relative deprivation have both been shown to play a key role in the understanding of intergroup relations. Nevertheless, we know little about their causal relationship. In order to shed some light on the directionality and causality of the relationship between intergroup contact and group relative deprivation, we analysed responses by East and West Germans from k= 97 different cities, collected 6 (N(T) (1) = 1,001), 8 (N(T) (2) = 747), and 10 years (N(T) (3) = 565) after reunification. Multi-level cross-lagged analyses showed that group relative deprivation at T1 led to more (rather than less) intergroup contact between East and West Germans 2 years as well as 4 years later. We found no evidence for the... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5207192 Tue, 06 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5207192 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5207191&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21895706%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Schmitz F, Teige-Mocigemba S, Voss A, Klauer KC Abstract In most process accounts of the Implicit Association Test (IAT), it is assumed that compatible and incompatible IAT blocks require different amounts of working memory capacity (WMC) and recruit executive functions such as task switching and inhibition to different extents. In the present study (N= 120), cognitive load during the completion of an IAT was experimentally manipulated by means of an oral random-number generation secondary task. Cognitive load led to slower latencies and more errors, especially in the incompatible block. However, different IAT scores, including conventional scores and D-scores, were affected differentially by the load manipulation: scores based on raw data of task performance such as laten... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5207191 Tue, 06 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5207191 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5207190&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21895707%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jasinskaja-Lahti I, Mähönen TA, Liebkind K Abstract This 1-year follow-up study investigated the direct and indirect effects of past, anticipated, and actual experiences of inter-group interactions on the development of national identity and attitudes towards the national majority among ethnic re-migrants (N= 141) from Russia to Finland. According to the results, the quality of past inter-group contact in the pre-migration stage (T(1) ) did not directly affect national identification and out-group attitudes in the post-migration stage (T(2) ). Instead, the effect of contact quality at T(1) on national identification and out-group attitudes at T(2) was indirect via perceived discrimination and out-group rejection at T(2) . In addition, there were two indirect pathways fro... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5207190 Tue, 06 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5207190 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5207193&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21895704%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tropp LR, Hawi DR, Van Laar C, Levin S Abstract This research examines cross-ethnic friendships as a predictor of perceived discrimination and support for ethnic activism over time among African American, Latino American, and Asian American undergraduate participants from a multi-year, longitudinal study conducted in the United States. Our research builds on prior cross-sectional research by testing effects longitudinally and examining how relationships among these variables may differ across ethnic minority groups. Results indicate that, over time, greater friendships with Whites predict both lower perceptions of discrimination and less support for ethnic activism among African Americans and Latino Americans, but not among Asian Americans. Implications of these findings f... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5207193 Mon, 05 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5207193 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5207209&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21883301%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Coyne SM, Ridge R, Stevens M, Callister M, Stockdale L Abstract The current research consisted of two studies examining the effects of reading physical and relational aggression in literature. In both studies, participants read one of two stories (containing physical or relational aggression), and then participated in one of two tasks to measure aggression. In Study 1, participants who read the physical aggression story were subsequently more physically aggressive than those who read the relational aggression story. Conversely, in Study 2, participants who read the relational aggression story were subsequently more relationally aggressive than those who read the physical aggression story. Combined, these results show evidence for specific effects of reading aggressive cont... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5207209 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5207209 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5207207&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21884535%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jetten J, Dixon J PMID: 21884535 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology) The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5207207 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5207207 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5207206&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21884536%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Manstead AS Abstract In this paper, I reflect on past papers published in the British Journal of Social Psychology (BJSP) that have played a role in the development of the theory of reasoned action (TRA) and the theory of planned behaviour (TPB). I focus on seven papers that fall into five categories: (1) those that critique the TRA/TPB for taking insufficient account of social factors; (2) those that critique the models on the grounds that many social behaviours are 'habitual'; (3) those that critically examine the construct of perceived behavioural control; (4) those that argue for the importance of affective factors, which appear to be overlooked in the TRA/TPB; and (5) those that argue for the importance of studying the role of moderating factors and interaction effect... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5207206 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5207206 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5207205&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21884537%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hewstone M, Swart H Abstract We review 50-odd years of research on Allport's (1954)'contact hypothesis', to assess progress, problems, and prospects. We chart the progress that has been made in understanding two distinct forms of contact: direct and indirect. We highlight the progress made in understanding the effects of each type of contact, as well as both moderating and mediating factors, and emphasize the multiple impacts of direct contact, especially. We then consider some of the main critiques of inter-group contact, focusing on empirical issues and whether contact impedes social change, and provide a research agenda for the coming years. We conclude that this body of work no longer merits the modest title of 'hypothesis', but fully deserves acknowledgement as an int... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5207205 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5207205 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5207204&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21884538%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Spears R Abstract I reflect on the contribution that BJSP has made to the conceptualization of the group within social psychology by highlighting two cases studies from the social identity tradition published in 1990. These illustrate BJSP's distinctive strength and openness to theoretical innovation over the last decades. PMID: 21884538 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology) The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5207204 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5207204 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5207203&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21884539%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Reicher S Abstract In this paper, I start by describing the role played by British Journal of Social Psychology (BJSP) in nurturing two important new paradigms in social psychology - the social identity approach and discourse psychology. I then consider the forces in contemporary academia, in general, and psychology, in particular, that militate against innovation. I conclude by suggesting some ways in which individual social psychologists and our journals, particularly BJSP, can contribute to the development of an innovative and intellectually dynamic discipline. PMID: 21884539 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology) The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5207203 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5207203 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5207202&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21884540%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wetherell M Abstract In this short article, I celebrate the plurality and eclecticism of the British Journal of Social Psychology. I argue that this approach offers the best hope for an uncertain future. The powerful narrative on which social psychology was once based is fragmenting in part due to Research Assessment Exercise (RAE/REF) pressures. Social psychological topics and research are migrating outside institutional Psychology, and the BJSP needs to follow. Examples of recent social research on affect and emotion are used to illustrate the new spreading and reach of social psychological topics and issues. PMID: 21884540 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology) The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5207202 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5207202 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5207201&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21884541%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Parkinson B Abstract Two classic studies published 50 years ago showed how other people provide information that shapes the activation and interpretation of emotions. The present paper traces development of the social psychology of emotions from this starting point. Subsequent research into group-based and social appraisal has advanced understanding of the impact of social information on emotions and suggested new ways of investigating associated phenomena. Although potential integrations of interpersonal and group-oriented approaches offer promise for the future, the continuing focus on emotions as cognitively mediated effects of social factors should broaden to encompass dynamic relational processes. PMID: 21884541 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The British Journal o... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5207201 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5207201 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5207200&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21884542%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Packer DJ, Chasteen AL, Kang SK Abstract We hypothesized that prospective changes in social identity that involve transitioning out of a currently valued group would be associated with negative expectations regarding future states, but that this effect would be mitigated among individuals who expect to belong to a future in-group of similar importance. Consistent with predictions, strongly identified young adults in two studies projected significantly lower self-esteem/psychological well-being in old age than weakly identified young adults. Critically, however, this effect was fully attenuated if they expected to identify with their future aged in-group when they were old. Study 2 showed that the capacity for projected identification to buffer projected well-being among st... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5207200 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5207200 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5207199&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21884543%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Reynolds E, Rendle-Short J Abstract Over 40 years of work on lying in psychology and communication has investigated numerous 'cues to deception'- the subtle signals people show when they are lying. One of these cues to deception is 'response latency' or the gap that occurs between questions and the lying response. The current investigation uses the methodology of conversation analysis to re-consider the question of response latency in the context of lying. Drawing on data from two naturalistic sources, the television shows COPS and the Jeremy Kyle Show, this investigation analyses response latencies in order to show the regular organization of gaps between turns in both lies and non-lies. The current investigation demonstrates that in blame shifting turns which are lies, a... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5207199 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5207199 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5207198&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21884544%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gibson S Abstract This paper draws on the concept of ideological dilemmas in order to explore how a sample of young people constructed potentially contrary themes of liberal citizenship in discussions of un/employment. The study took place in the context of recent policy developments in the UK which have sought to place a renewed emphasis upon notions of responsible citizenship in relation to both welfare and education policy. A total of 58 participants were interviewed in 24 semi-structured group interviews. In response to direct questions on un/employment, participants could resolve dilemmas concerning welfare rights and the responsibility to contribute to society by emphasizing a criterion of effortfulness, thereby adopting a primarily individualistic explanation of une... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5207198 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5207198 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5207197&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21884545%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bastian B, Laham SM, Wilson S, Haslam N, Koval P Abstract Being human implies a particular moral status: having moral value, agency, and responsibility. However, people are not seen as equally human. Across two studies, we examine the consequences that subtle variations in the perceived humanness of actors or groups have for their perceived moral status. Drawing on Haslam's two-dimensional model of humanness and focusing on three ways people may be considered to have moral status - moral patiency (value), agency, or responsibility - we demonstrate that subtly denying humanness to others has implications for whether they are blamed, praised, or considered worthy of moral concern and rehabilitation. Moreover, we show that distinct human characteristics are linked to specific... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5207197 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5207197 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5207196&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21884546%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Stroebe K, Dovidio JF, Barreto M, Ellemers N, John MS Abstract Two studies (a) explored the role of pervasiveness of discrimination (pervasive vs. rare) in determining targets' responses to discrimination, and (b) examined the extent to which threats to participants' worldview can account, in part, for detrimental effects of pervasive discrimination. As predicted, across both studies, pervasiveness of discrimination moderated the relationship between attributions to prejudice for failure to obtain a job and psychological well-being (depressed affect and state self-esteem). When discrimination was presented as pervasive, attributions to prejudice related to lower state self-esteem and greater depressed affect. When discrimination was portrayed as rare, attributions to preju... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5207196 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5207196 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5207195&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21884547%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Verhaeghen P, Aikman SN, Van Gulick AE Abstract It has been argued that stereotype priming (response times are faster for stereotypical word pairs, such as black-poor, than for non-stereotypical word pairs, such as black-balmy) is partially a function of biases in the belief system inherent in the culture. In three priming experiments, we provide direct evidence for this position, showing that stereotype priming effects associated with race, gender, and age can be very well explained through objectively measured associative co-occurrence of prime and target in the culture: (a) once objective associative strength between word pairs is taken into account, stereotype priming effects disappear; (b) the relationship between response time and associative strength is identical fo... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5207195 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5207195 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5207194&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21884548%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Derks B, Ellemers N, van Laar C, de Groot K Abstract 'Queen Bees' are senior women in masculine organizational cultures who have fulfilled their career aspirations by dissociating themselves from their gender while simultaneously contributing to the gender stereotyping of other women. It is often assumed that this phenomenon contributes to gender discrimination in organizations, and is inherent to the personalities of successful career women. We argue for a social identity explanation and examine organizational conditions that foster the Queen Bee phenomenon. Participants were 94 women holding senior positions in diverse companies in The Netherlands who participated in an on-line survey. In line with predictions, indicators of the Queen Bee phenomenon (increased gender ste... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5207194 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5207194 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5207212&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21883298%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gilles I, Bangerter A, Clémence A, Green EG, Krings F, Mouton A, Rigaud D, Staerklé C, Wagner-Egger P Abstract Much research studies how individuals cope with disease threat by blaming out-groups and protecting the in-group. The model of collective symbolic coping (CSC) describes four stages by which representations of a threatening event are elaborated in the mass media: awareness, divergence, convergence, and normalization. We used the CSC model to predict when symbolic in-group protection (othering) would occur in the case of the avian influenza (AI) outbreak. Two studies documented CSC stages and showed that othering occurred during the divergence stage, characterized by an uncertain symbolic environment. Study 1 analysed media coverage of AI over time, documenting C... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5207212 Wed, 31 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5207212 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5207211&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21883299%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lench HC, Flores SA Abstract A risk-as-feelings approach suggests that factors irrelevant to the potential risk can influence risk perception. This investigation focused on the speed of events as one such factor. Negative events that occur relatively quickly were judged as more likely to occur than events that occur more slowly. Speed influenced risk perception when it was salient and differences in risk perception were reduced when it was not salient. Further, the likelihood of a negative outcome was judged to be more likely when the same event was described as occurring relatively quickly compared to slowly. Even when only the speed at which information was presented changed, faster events were judged to be riskier than slower events. Theoretically, these findings sugges... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5207211 Wed, 31 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5207211 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5207213&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21883297%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tong EM, Ang MS, Chua AS Abstract Four studies examined whether thought suppression could enhance attitude accessibility and whether behaviours that are consistent with the more accessible attitudes would follow. Thinness was examined as the attitude object. Experiments 1 and 2 showed that suppression of positive thoughts about thinness increased the accessibility of the positive attitudes associated with thinness. Experiments 3 and 4 showed that suppression of positive thinness thoughts also elicited more health-promoting behaviours. The implications of the findings for attitude accessibility and the practical consequences of thought suppression are discussed. PMID: 21883297 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology) The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5207213 Fri, 26 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5207213 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5207210&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21883300%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cook JE, Calcagno JE, Arrow H, Malle BF Abstract An experience sampling study tested the degree to which interactions with out-group members evoked negative affect and behavioural inhibition after controlling for level of friendship between partners. When friendship level was statistically controlled, neither White nor Black participants reported feeling more discomfort interacting with ethnic out-group members compared to ethnic in-group members. When partners differed in sexual orientation, friendship level had a less palliating effect. Controlling for friendship, both gay and straight men - but not women - felt more behaviourally inhibited when interacting with someone who differed in sexual orientation, and heterosexual participants of both genders continued to report ... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5207210 Tue, 23 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5207210 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5207208&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21883302%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Caricati L Abstract This work analyses intergroup comparison choices made by intermediate-status group members. Seventy-six psychology students were categorized in an intermediate position with respect to other faculties. Stability was manipulated at three levels: stable, upwardly unstable, and downwardly unstable. Data on strength of comparison, comparison for enhancing, comparison for evaluation, and ingroup identification were collected. Results revealed that in the stable condition, participants were equally engaged in both upward and downward comparison. In the upwardly unstable condition, participants were more likely to compare themselves with the high-status group, whereas in the downwardly unstable condition, they were more likely to choose a downward comparison. ... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5207208 Tue, 23 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5207208 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5126888&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21793860%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Al Ramiah A, Hewstone M A longitudinal study evaluated the success of a contact-based nation-building intervention (the Malaysian National Service Programme) in promoting various facets of national unity. The study assessed how post-test measures of quality of intergroup contact, outgroup evaluations, and levels of identification changed compared to their respective pre-test levels, for both National Service and control group participants. The intervention did not lead to a worsening of any of the constructs related to intergroup relations, which is noteworthy given the novelty for many participants of mixing in a multi-ethnic setting. Furthermore, all rater groups (Malays, Chinese, and Indians) maintained their ethnic identity, even in the presence of high levels of national ... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5126888 Tue, 26 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5126888 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5126892&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21790665%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: van Dijk TA Discursive Psychology has the great merit of having introduced discourse analysis (DA) to social psychology and to have contributed to DA itself by its study of the expression of 'psychological' notions in text and talk. Within this perspective, this paper presents some elements of a proposal to study the expression of knowledge in discourse. Beginning with a brief summary of our multidisciplinary approach to knowledge, followed by a summary of discourse structures that express knowledge, the main argument of the paper is that we not only need to take discourse seriously in the study of knowledge, but cannot ignore their cognitive underlying structures if we want to describe and explain many properties of discourse, such as all implicit or presupposed knowledge, as... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5126892 Mon, 25 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5126892 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5126890&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21790666%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Parker I This paper reviews the progress of discourse-analytic approaches in social psychology from the late 1980s to the present day, with a particular focus on the way conceptual and methodological contributions from within the Discourse and Rhetoric Group at Loughborough University have negotiated a positive role for innovative studies of language in the discipline of psychology. Social psychology has become a key site for the accumulation of a series of empirical studies that have seen the flourishing of a distinctive form of 'discursive social psychology' that has succeeded in moving from the margins of the discipline to a more accepted position. The paper traces this trajectory of discourse analysis from the limits to the centre of social psychology attending to five fea... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5126890 Mon, 25 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5126890 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5126894&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21777257%26dopt%3DAbstract This article provides a personal account of how discursive social psychology has been used to understand social and political change in South Africa and to reflect on the strengths and limitations of the approach. While celebrating the shift from the perception paradigm to the genuinely social constructionist focus on discursive interaction, the article also argues for an expanded focus on embodied action. PMID: 21777257 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology) The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5126894 Tue, 19 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5126894 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5029560&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21749414%26dopt%3DAbstract This study supports the idea that OI is a multi-faceted construct comprising a cognitive and affective component, and that these different components can be affected by different characteristics of organizational email messages. PMID: 21749414 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology) The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5029560 Mon, 11 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5029560 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5029547&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21749415%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dhont K, Van Hiel A, De Bolle M, Roets A Longitudinal effects of intergroup contact on prejudice were investigated in a sample of 65 young adults (Sample 1) and a sample of their close friends (Sample 2, N= 172), adopting a full cross-lagged panel design. We first validated the self-report measure of intergroup contact from Sample 1 with observer ratings from Sample 2 by demonstrating that self-reports and observer ratings of contact were highly correlated. Moreover, we obtained significant cross-lagged effects of intergroup contact on prejudice with both contact measures, thereby providing a second validation for the use of self-reports of intergroup contact. Finally, by the use of latent change modelling, we demonstrated that, although no overall significant change in contac... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5029547 Mon, 11 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5029547 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4984796&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21707666%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Barlow FK, Sibley CG, Hornsey MJ Both majority and minority group members fear race-based rejection, and respond by disparaging the groups that they expect will reject them. It is not clear, however, how this process differs in minority and majority groups. Using large representative samples of White (N= 4,618) and Māori (N= 1,163) New Zealanders, we found that perceptions of race-based rejection predicted outgroup negativity in both groups, but in different ways and for different reasons. For White (but not Māori) New Zealanders, increased intergroup anxiety partially mediated the relationship between cognitions of rejection and outgroup negativity. Māori who expected to be rejected on the basis of their race reported increased ethnic identification and, in part through th... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4984796 Sun, 26 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4984796 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4984797&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21689116%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chatzisarantis NL, Kee YH, Thaung HK, Hagger MS Based on the tenets of self-determination theory, the present studies examined the moderating effects of interpersonal contexts or goal conditions that afforded satisfaction of psychological needs on loss aversion effects. We hypothesized that behavioural responses to small losses would be stronger relative to behavioural responses to small gains under goal conditions or interpersonal contexts that did not support psychological needs. We also expected the effect to be minimized under goal conditions or interpersonal contexts that supported psychological needs. This prediction was supported in Study 1 that induced satisfaction of psychological needs via manipulations of interpersonal context and in Study 2 that instigated satisfac... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4984797 Sun, 19 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4984797 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4929437&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21671949%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Toma C, Gilles I, Butera F The present research investigates the moderating role of goal interdependence and dissent on individual preference confirmation in hidden-profile tasks. We propose that preference confirmation can be used strategically to deal with competition and dissent likely to arise in group decision making. In two studies, participants first received incomplete information about a car accident investigation, and then read a fictitious discussion with two other participants containing full information. The interaction with the fictitious participants was presented either as cooperative or competitive. We predicted and found preference confirmation to be higher in competition than cooperation, when initial preferences were dissenting (Studies 1 & 2), but to b... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4929437 Mon, 13 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4929437 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4929438&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21649666%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Abrams D, Grant PR We tested a social-identity relative deprivation (SIRD) model predicting Scottish nationalist beliefs and intention to vote for the separatist Scottish Nationalist Party (SNP). Data were from a survey of a large and representative sample of Scottish teenagers administered in the late 1980s. The SIRD model distinguishes effects of group-based and personal relative deprivation, which should be independent of one another. Importantly, social change beliefs should mediate the effects of both collective relative deprivation and group identification on protest intentions (in this case intention to vote for the SNP). Egoistic relative deprivation should be the strongest predictor of feelings of depression. Using structural equation modelling, the results strongly s... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4929438 Mon, 06 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4929438 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4929439&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21635273%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bounoua L, Cury F, Regner I, Huguet P, Barron KE, Elliot AJ The present research used correlational and experimental methods and two well-established social comparison paradigms to integrate and extend prior research from the achievement goal and social comparison literatures. In Study 1, a general disposition to engage in social comparison was positively correlated with each type of goal in the 2 × 2 model of achievement goals, suggesting that the desire to seek out social comparison information is not exclusive to a particular type of achievement goal pursuit. In Study 2, when evaluating the specific direction of social comparison (upward or downward), the pursuit of performance-approach, mastery-approach, and mastery-avoidance goals facilitated upward social comparison, an... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4929439 Wed, 01 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4929439 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4929440&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21631539%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Woltin KA, Yzerbyt VY, Corneille O Empathy gaps, in which individuals exaggerate self-other similarities or differences, generate errors in social judgments. We investigated whether changing individuals' self-construal may reduce one specific empathy gap: the illusion of courage. Participants primed with independent or interdependent self-construal made judgments about their own and other people's willingness to dance in public. Participants in the interdependence condition showed a reduction of the empathy gap, but only when judging the other first. This finding highlights that simple contextual manipulations have the potential to reduce egocentric biases in social judgments. PMID: 21631539 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The British Journal of Social Psychol... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4929440 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4929440 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4885153&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21623839%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gleibs IH, Morton TA, Rabinovich A, Haslam SA, Helliwell JF Does money buy happiness? Or is happiness derived from looking outwards towards our social networks? Many researchers have answered these questions by exploring whether the best predictor of well-being is either economic or social (or some fixed combination of the two). This paper argues for a dynamic perspective on the capacity for economic and social factors to predict well-being. In two studies, we show that both money (individual income) and community (social capital) can be the basis for individual happiness. However, the relative influence of each factor depends on the context within which happiness is considered, and how this shapes the way people define the self. Study 1 primes either money or community in the... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4885153 Thu, 26 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4885153 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4885154&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21615424%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hughes JS, Trafimow D In two studies, we predicted and found that inferences about motive and character influence intentionality attributions about foreseeable consequences of action (i.e., side effects). First, we show that inferences about intentionality are greater for good side effects than bad side effects when a target person's character is described positively. In Study 2, we manipulated information about a target person and found that inferences about intentionality were greater when side effects were consistent with a target person's character and motives. Overall, our data cast doubt on the generality of the side-effect effect. We discuss our findings and their implications for future research on intentionality and social perception. PMID: 21615424 [PubMed - as s... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4885154 Tue, 24 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4885154 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4885156&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21599709%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sacchi S, Rusconi P, Russo S, Bettiga R, Cherubini P Three experiments examined how people gather information on in-group and out-group members. Previous studies have revealed that category-based expectancies bias the hypothesis-testing process towards confirmation through the use of asymmetric-confirming questions (which are queries where the replies supporting the prior expectancies are more informative than those falsifying them). However, to date there is no empirical investigation of the use of such a question-asking strategy in an intergroup context. In the present studies, participants were asked to produce (Study 1) or to choose (Studies 2 and 3) questions in order to investigate the presence of various traits in an in-group or an out-group member. Traits were manipula... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4885156 Thu, 19 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4885156 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4885155&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21599710%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Klein O, Licata L, Pierucci S The influence of group identification on collective guilt and attitudes towards reparation was examined in the context of the Belgian colonization of Congo. People should experience collective emotions to the extent that being a member of the relevant group is part of their self-concept. Yet, the acknowledgement of ingroup responsibility for past misdeeds is particularly threatening for high identifiers and may lead to defensive reactions aimed at avoiding guilt. We therefore predicted, and found, a curvilinear effect of identification on collective guilt. Attitudes towards reparation of past wrongdoings were also assessed and yielded a linear trend: identification predicted less favourable attitudes towards reparation but this effect was marginal... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4885155 Thu, 19 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4885155 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4885157&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21592143%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mignon A, Mollaret P In line with the theory of traits as generalized affordances, the present article argues that target's states (TSs) and states provoked by a target (other's states (OSs) towards target) are two components of the meaning of traits referring, respectively, to a descriptive and to an evaluative knowledge of people. A preliminary study confirmed that TS and OS were equally representative of a trait. Two studies were designed to study the effects of practising the use of traits as either TS or OS categories (an induction procedure) on a subsequent person perception task, requiring participants to rate photographed targets on a series of traits. Results show that both the differentiation between targets and evaluative consistency of ratings were enhanced under t... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4885157 Tue, 17 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4885157 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4780906&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21507018%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rabinovich A, Morton TA, Postmes T, Verplanken B Self-categorization theory suggests that inter-group comparisons inform individual behaviour by affecting perceived in-group stereotypes that are internalized by group members. The present paper provides evidence for this chain of effects in the domain of environmental behaviour. In two studies, inter-group comparative context was manipulated. Study 1 found that the perceived in-group stereotype, self-stereotype (as represented by the reported value centrality), and behavioural intentions shifted away from a comparison out-group (irrespective of whether this was an upward or downward comparison). Study 1 also revealed that the effect of comparative context on individual environmental intentions was mediated by the perceived in-g... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4780906 Wed, 20 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4780906 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4780907&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21507017%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: McKinlay A, McVittie C, Sambaraju R The present paper examines the talk of three senior figures from the Palestinian Hamas political movement. Data are drawn from a series of journalistic interviews that were conducted in the months leading up to the invasion of Gaza by Israel in December 2007. Using membership categorization analysis, we explore the membership categories and category-bound attributes that interviewers use in questions about responsibility for potentially culpable actions and the ways that these are taken up, challenged, or reworked by interviewees in presenting their own versions. The analytic findings show that interviewers deploy categories bound up with terrorism while interviewees develop alternative categorizations of resistance. Interviewers construct P... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4780907 Tue, 19 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4780907 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4780905&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21507019%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Curşeu PL, Schruijer SG, Boroş S The impact of minority dissent on group-level outcomes is explained in the current literature by two opposing mechanisms: first, through cognitive gains due to a profound change induced by minority members in the individual cognitions of the majority members, and second, through socio-affective process losses due to social rejection and relationship conflict. Groups are most effective in information processing if they succeed in solving this opposition and reduce the negative impact of process losses. The present study addresses this opposition using an experimental design in which we crossed minority dissent (presence vs. absence of minority dissent) with change in membership (groups with vs. groups without change in membership) to determine... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4780905 Tue, 19 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4780905 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4676039&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21453310%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bagès C, Martinot D Same-gender role models are likely to improve girls' math performance. This field experiment examined whether the explanation given for a role model's success also influence children's math performance. Fifth graders were presented with a female or a male role model before a difficult math test and were informed about the cause of his/her math success (effort vs. ability vs. no explanation). The results showed that the gender of a hardworking role model did not influence math performance. In contrast, when the role model's success was not explained or explained by abilities, children performed better with the female role model than with the male role model. The hardworking role model and the female role model allowed reducing stereotype threat among girls.... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4676039 Wed, 30 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4676039 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4615707&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21410477%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zaal MP, Van Laar C, Ståhl T, Ellemers N, Derks B The results of three experiments showed that regulatory focus influences the way in which the importance and likelihood of social change affect individuals' commitment to collective action. In Studies 1 (N= 82) and 2 (N= 153), the strength of participants' chronic regulatory focus was measured. In Study 3 (N= 52), promotion or prevention focus was experimentally induced. The results showed that for individuals under promotion focus, commitment to collective action depended on the perceived likelihood that through this action important social change would be achieved. Individuals under prevention focus were willing to commit to collective action when they attached high importance to its goal, regardless of the extent to which t... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4615707 Tue, 15 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4615707 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4615706&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21410478%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Miron AM, Warner RH, Branscombe NR We tested whether differential appraisals of inequality are a function of the injustice standards used by different groups. A confirmatory standard of injustice is defined as the amount of evidence needed to arrive at the conclusion that injustice has occurred. Consistent with a motivational shifting of standards view, we found that advantaged and disadvantaged group members set different standards of injustice when judging the magnitude of gender (Study 1) and racial (Study 2) wage inequality. In addition, because advantaged and disadvantaged group members formed - based on their differential standards - divergent appraisals of wage inequality, they experienced differential desire to restore inter-group justice. We discuss the implications o... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4615706 Tue, 15 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4615706 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4615705&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21410479%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Morton TA, Rabinovich A, Postmes T Research has elaborated considerably on the dimensions of out-group stereotype content and on the origins and functions of different content combinations. Less attention has been given to the origins and functions of in-group stereotype content. We argue that in-group stereotypes are likely to serve different social identity functions, and thus attract different content, dependent on individual differences in in-group identification and on the temporal perspective of the perceiver. Two studies (Ns = 43 and 93) found that women's in-group stereotype content varied as a function of gender group identification and temporal perspective. When the past was primed, highly identified women generated stereotypes that emphasized the warmth (but not com... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4615705 Tue, 15 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4615705 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4554922&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21361981%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Noordewier MK, Stapel DA People like self-consistent feedback because it induces feelings of predictability and control, but they like positive feedback because it induces positive self-esteem. We show that self-salience determines whether people are more consistency- or positivity-driven. When self-knowledge is salient, people's primary responses (i.e., under load) are consistency-driven (people with low self-esteem feel better after negative feedback than after positive feedback, whereas people with high self-esteem feel better after positive feedback than after negative feedback) and controlled responses are positivity-driven (people feel better after positive feedback than after negative feedback, regardless of self-consistency). Without salient self-knowledge this pattern... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4554922 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4554922 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4554921&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21361982%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sandberg T, Conner M Self-generated validity (SGV) refers to the fact that measurement of cognitions can lead to behaviour change. The present research tested to two predictions in relation to SGV: SGV is stronger when supplementing measures of intentions and other components of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) with measures of anticipated regret; SGV is only stronger when measuring anticipated regret before measuring intentions and other components of the TPB. A total of 576 18-22-year-old students were randomly allocated to complete one of three questionnaires in relation to exercise: (1) TPB questionnaire in relation to exercising in a sports centre (TPB only); (2) TPB questionnaire including anticipated regret questions that appear after intention items and are mixed ... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4554921 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4554921 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4554920&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21361983%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examined if organizational identification can account for the mechanisms by which two-change management practices (communication and participation) influence employees' intentions to support change. The context was a sample of 82 hotel employees in the early stages of a re-brand. Identification with the new hotel fully mediated the relationship between communication and adaptive and proactive intentions to support change, as well as between participation and proactive intentions. PMID: 21361983 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology) The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4554920 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4554920 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4554919&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21361984%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wohl MJ, Thompson A Contrary to conventional wisdom and extant empirical work, forgiving the self may have deleterious consequences, especially if self-forgiveness is granted for chronic unhealthy behaviours such as smoking. Among 181 smokers, it was predicted and found that increased self-forgiveness for smoking was associated with a decreased likelihood of advancing through the stages of behavioural change towards action. Moreover, forgiving the self, mediated the relationship between movements from the pre-contemplation to contemplation stage of change and perceived smoking cons as well as experiential processes. An expanded understanding of the benefits and costs of self-forgiveness is discussed. PMID: 21361984 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The British J... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4554919 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4554919 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4554918&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21366608%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dixon J, Jetten J PMID: 21366608 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology) The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4554918 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4554918 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4554917&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21366609%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Billig M This paper presents the author's position on the question how to write social psychology. It reflects the author's long-term interest in rhetoric and his more recent concerns about the writing of social scientists. The author argues that social psychologists tend to produce unpopulated texts, writing about 'fictional things' rather than people. Social psychologists assume that their technical terms are more precise than ordinary language terms. The author contests this assumption. He suggests that when it comes to describing human actions, ordinary language on the whole tends to be more precise. The paper analyses why this should be the case, drawing on ideas from linguistics and Vaihinger's notion of fictions. The author presents examples to show how psychological wr... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4554917 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4554917 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4554916&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21366610%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hegarty P, Watson N, Fletcher L, McQueen G A preference to name stereotypically masculine before stereotypically feminine individuals explains why men are typically named before women, as on the Internet, for example (Study 1). Heterosexual couples are named with men's names first more often when such couples are imagined to conform to gender stereotypes (Studies 2 and 3). First-named partners of imaginary same-sex couples are attributed more stereotypically masculine attributes (Study 4). Familiarity bounds these effects of stereotypes on name order. People name couples they know well with closer people first (Study 5), and consequently name familiar heterosexual couples with members of their own gender first (Study 6). These studies evidence a previously unknown effect of th... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4554916 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4554916 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4554915&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21366611%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rabinovich A, Morton TA We experimentally investigated the effect of superordinate (i.e. British) versus subordinate (i.e. English) identity salience on willingness to contribute to a resource shared at the superordinate level (the British coast). Contrary to what would be expected from straightforward application of self-categorization theory, two studies demonstrated that willingness to contribute to this shared resource was higher when subordinate (rather than superordinate) identity was activated. To explain this effect, we suggest that subordinate identities sometimes provide a more meaningful basis for self-definition and, when this is the case, activating subordinate level of identity might lay the foundation for enhanced cooperation within higher-order identities. Inde... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4554915 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4554915 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4554914&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21366612%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Roets A, Van Hiel A The present research investigates how people's general epistemic motives may inspire essentialist beliefs about racial groups and racism. In three studies, we focus particularly on essentialist entitativity (EE, referring to beliefs about the uniformity, informativeness, and inherent core of racial groups), probing into its relationships with epistemic need for closure (NFC) and prejudice. In Study 1, we develop an EE scale, empirically distinguish it from the naturalness component of essentialism and non-EE beliefs, and establish its predictive utility for explaining racial prejudice. Study 2 provides experimental evidence for the causal effect of NFC on EE beliefs. Study 3 demonstrates in three different samples that EE beliefs mediate the relationship be... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4554914 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4554914 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4554913&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21366613%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Smith LG, Postmes T In two studies, we demonstrate that small group discussions change the extent to which an activated stereotype affects performance in a relevant domain. In Study 1, female participants were asked why men are (or are not) better than them at maths. They generated their answers individually or through group discussion, and their subsequent maths performance was highest when they collectively challenged the stereotype and lowest when they collectively affirmed the stereotype. When participants affirmed the stereotype through discussion, they used more theories which supported the validity of the stereotype, compared to the individual thought condition; and consensus mediated the effect of group discussion on performance (relative to individual rumination). In ... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4554913 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4554913 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4554912&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21366614%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hepburn A, Potter J One of the most basic topics in social psychology is the way one agent influences the behaviour of another. This paper will focus on threats, which are an intensified form of attempted behavioural influence. Despite the centrality to the project of social psychology, little attention has been paid to threats. This paper will start to rectify this oversight. It reviews early examples of the way social psychology handles threats and highlights key limitations and presuppositions about the nature and role of threats. By contrast, we subject them to a programme of empirical research. Data comprise video records of a collection of family mealtimes that include preschool children. Threats are recurrent in this material. A preliminary conceptualization of features... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4554912 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4554912 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4554911&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21366615%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tarrant M, Butler K Two studies examined the effects of self-categorization on people's orientation towards health. In Study 1, making salient a social identity which did not advocate a positive orientation towards health led group members to report weaker intentions to engage in health promotion behaviours in the future than did making salient a social identity which had a more positive health orientation. Study 2 showed that orientation towards health is influenced by the intergroup comparative context in which social identity is made salient. When social identity was made salient via an upward intergroup social comparison, participants' evaluation of the in-group's health was more negative, but their commitment to performing health promotion behaviours in the future was str... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4554911 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4554911 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4554910&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21366616%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Russell NJ Stanley Milgram's Obedience to Authority experiments remain one of the most inspired contributions in the field of social psychology. Although Milgram undertook more than 20 experimental variations, his most (in)famous result was the first official trial run - the remote condition and its 65% completion rate. Drawing on many unpublished documents from Milgram's personal archive at Yale University, this article traces the historical origins and early evolution of the obedience experiments. Part 1 presents the previous experiences that led to Milgram's conception of his rudimentary research idea and then details the role of his intuition in its refinement. Part 2 traces the conversion of Milgram's evolving idea into a reality, paying particular attention to his applic... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4554910 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4554910 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4554909&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21366617%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Reicher S, Haslam SA Russell's forensic archival investigations reveal the great lengths that Milgram went to in order to construct an experiment that would 'shock the world'. However, in achieving this goal it is also apparent that the drama of the 'basic' obedience paradigm draws attention away both from variation in obedience and from the task of explaining that variation. Building on points that Russell and others have made concerning the competing 'pulls' that are at play in the Milgram paradigm, this paper outlines the potential for a social identity perspective on obedience to provide such an explanation. PMID: 21366617 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology) The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4554909 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4554909 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4554908&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21366618%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sparks P, Farsides T The notion of 'integrity' remains relatively unexplored in the social psychological literature, despite it being central to some important theoretical perspectives (notably, self-affirmation theory). It is an eminently positive - and well-used - epithet in descriptions of public figures. The two studies reported here addressed laypeople's conceptions of integrity. The findings indicate that in relation to eight public figures, the best general predictor of judgments of integrity was perceptions of 'sincerity' (characterized by attributes such as genuine and honest). For three of the public figures strongly linked to civil rights issues, judgments of integrity were also predicted by perceptions of 'standing for something'. The findings suggest that the soci... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4554908 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4554908 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4554907&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21366619%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Harwood J, Paolini S, Joyce N, Rubin M, Arroyo A An experiment examined the effects of imagining contact with an illegal immigrant on attitudes towards illegal immigrants and subsequent effects of that attitude change on feelings about other groups (secondary transfer). Compared to a condition in which participants imagined negative contact with an illegal immigrant, participants who imagined positive contact reported more positive attitudes concerning illegal immigrants. Using bootstrapped mediation models, effects of positive imagined contact on attitudes towards illegal immigrants were shown to generalize to other groups that were independently ranked as similar to illegal immigrants, but not to dissimilar groups. This generalization gradient effect was relatively large. Im... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4554907 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4554907 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4554906&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21366620%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 21366620 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology) The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4554906 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4554906 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4554923&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21348882%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rose JP, Jasper JD, Corser R Previous research has shown that people are egocentrically biased when making judgements that require a self-to-peer comparison - leading to above-/below-average effects and comparative optimism/pessimism. Two experiments examined whether interhemispheric brain connectivity (assessed via strength of handedness) is associated with egocentrism in the comparative judgement process. In Experiment 1, strong handers (SH) and mixed handers (MH) made percentile rank judgements about their abilities in easy and hard domains. In Experiment 2, SH and MH judged their likelihoods of outperforming a co-participant in easy and hard tasks. Both experiments showed that SH were more egocentric than MH and thus showed (a) more above- and below-average effects when es... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4554923 Wed, 23 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4554923 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4500433&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21294752%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Blackwood LM, Louis WR The present article reports a longitudinal study of the psychological antecedents for, and outcomes of, collective action for a community sample of activists. At Time 1, activist identification influenced intentions to engage in collective action behaviours protesting the Iraq war, both directly and indirectly via perceptions of the efficacy of these behaviours for achieving group goals, as well as perceptions of individual-level benefits. At Time 2, identification was associated with differences in the dimensions on which the movement's success was evaluated. In the context of the movement's failure to achieve its stated objectives of troop withdrawal, those with strong activist identity placed less importance on influencing government decision making. ... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4500433 Sat, 05 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4500433 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4442265&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21260960%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Corcoran T PMID: 21260960 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology) The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4442265 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4442265 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4442264&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21260961%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Abell J, Walton C This commentary does not aim to engage with the epistemological and ontological technicalities of the discursive psychology maintained by epistemological constructionism and discursive psychology reliant on ontological constructionism approaches that form the basis of the two papers under discussion; other commentators, both in this issue and in the future, are likely to do that. Instead, this commentary aims to situate both papers within a broader frame of contemporary, primarily British social psychology, to ponder the circumstances that gave rise to them and their implications for social psychologists, discursive and non-discursive, alike. We have organized this commentary into two parts. The first part considers two simple questions. First, why does Corco... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4442264 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4442264 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4208177&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21108875%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Livingstone AG, Manstead AS, Spears R, Bowen D In two studies, we tested the hypothesis that not having a potentially group-defining attribute (e.g., in-group language) can affect social identification and support for group goals (e.g., national autonomy). Focusing on the Welsh minority in the UK, Study 1 provided evidence that Welsh language fluency predicted Welsh identification and support for national autonomy, and that identification accounted for the language-autonomy association. Study 2 extended this by (1) examining British and English as well as Welsh identification; and (2) quasi-manipulating the surrounding context (Welsh speaking vs. non-Welsh speaking). As predicted, low Welsh language fluency predicted stronger British and English identification, but only where ... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4208177 Thu, 25 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4208177 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4176778&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21078238%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bougie E, Usborne E, de la Sablonnière R, Taylor DM Responding to calls to contextualize social psychological variables in history, the present research examines the relationship between collective relative deprivation and collective esteem using a historical perspective. We hypothesized that collective relative deprivation perceived to be experienced during an important low-point in a group's history serves to define the group's current collective identity, which is in turn associated with collective esteem. In Study 1, cultural narrative interviews were conducted with Francophone and Anglophone Quebecers in order to identify key historical chapters for these groups and to examine the extent to which historical low-points were identity-defining features of their narratives. ... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4176778 Mon, 15 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4176778 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4176777&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21078239%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Webb TL, Sheeran P, Pepper J The present research investigated whether forming implementation intentions could promote fast responses to attitude-incongruent associations (e.g., woman-manager) and thereby modify scores on popular implicit measures of attitude. Expt 1 used the Implicit Association Test (IAT) to measure associations between gender and science versus liberal arts. Planning to associate women with science engendered fast responses to this category-attribute pairing and rendered summary scores more neutral compared to standard IAT instructions. Expt 2 demonstrated that forming egalitarian goal intentions is not sufficient to produce these effects. Expt 3 extended these findings to a different measure of implicit attitude (the Go/No-Go Association Task) and a differ... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4176777 Mon, 15 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4176777 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4143450&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21050527%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Webb TL, Sheeran P, Totterdell P, Miles E, Mansell W, Baker S Two experiments investigated whether forming an if-then plan or implementation intention could break the link between mood and risky behaviour. In Expt 1, participants planned how to deal with unpleasant moods. Next, as part of an ostensibly unrelated experiment, participants underwent a disguised mood induction before rating their willingness to perform a series of risky behaviours. Unpleasant mood increased subsequent risk willingness among participants who did not form a plan but did not influence risk willingness among participants who formed an implementation intention. In Expt 2, mood arousal was manipulated and participants then undertook a gambling task. One-half of the sample formed implementation intention... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4143450 Wed, 03 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4143450 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4100588&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20964948%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Derks B, Ellemers N, van Laar C, de Groot K 'Queen Bees' are senior women in masculine organizational cultures who have fulfilled their career aspirations by dissociating themselves from their gender while simultaneously contributing to the gender stereotyping of other women. It is often assumed that this phenomenon contributes to gender discrimination in organizations, and is inherent to the personalities of successful career women. We argue for a social identity explanation and examine organizational conditions that foster the Queen Bee phenomenon. Participants were 94 women holding senior positions in diverse companies in The Netherlands who participated in an on-line survey. In line with predictions, indicators of the Queen Bee phenomenon (increased gender stereotyping and... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4100588 Tue, 19 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4100588 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4100586&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20964949%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pietersma S, Dijkstra A The current research shows that people differ in their inclination to use positive self-images when their self is threatened (i.e., cognitive self-affirmation inclination, CSAI). Just as self-affirmation manipulations do, the use of positive self-images induces open mindedness towards threatening messages. The aim of the current studies was to show the meaning, stability, and effects of this new individual difference measure. A cross-sectional study among smokers (Study 1) showed that people with a strong CSAI perceived more negative consequences from smoking, suggesting open mindedness. Study 2 showed the stable and reliable character of the CSAI scale. Study 3 showed that the scale had an overlap of 18% with another self-related construct (self-effica... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4100586 Tue, 19 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4100586 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4033287&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20887657%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Harwood J, Paolini S, Joyce N, Rubin M, Arroyo A An experiment examined the effects of imagining contact with an illegal immigrant on attitudes towards illegal immigrants and subsequent effects of that attitude change on feelings about other groups (secondary transfer). Compared to a condition in which participants imagined negative contact with an illegal immigrant, participants who imagined positive contact reported more positive attitudes concerning illegal immigrants. Using bootstrapped mediation models, effects of positive imagined contact on attitudes towards illegal immigrants were shown to generalize to other groups that were independently ranked as similar to illegal immigrants, but not to dissimilar groups. This generalization gradient effect was relatively large. Im... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4033287 Wed, 29 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4033287 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4022002&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20854724%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Stroebe K, Dovidio JF, Barreto M, Ellemers N, John MS Two studies (a) explored the role of pervasiveness of discrimination (pervasive vs. rare) in determining targets' responses to discrimination, and (b) examined the extent to which threats to participants' worldview can account, in part, for detrimental effects of pervasive discrimination. As predicted, across both studies, pervasiveness of discrimination moderated the relationship between attributions to prejudice for failure to obtain a job and psychological well-being (depressed affect and state self-esteem). When discrimination was presented as pervasive, attributions to prejudice related to lower state self-esteem and greater depressed affect. When discrimination was portrayed as rare, attributions to prejudice were rel... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4022002 Thu, 16 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4022002 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4022001&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20854725%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Verhaeghen P, Aikman SN, Van Gulick AE It has been argued that stereotype priming (response times are faster for stereotypical word pairs, such as black-poor, than for non-stereotypical word pairs, such as black-balmy) is partially a function of biases in the belief system inherent in the culture. In three priming experiments, we provide direct evidence for this position, showing that stereotype priming effects associated with race, gender, and age can be very well explained through objectively measured associative co-occurrence of prime and target in the culture: (a) once objective associative strength between word pairs is taken into account, stereotype priming effects disappear; (b) the relationship between response time and associative strength is identical for social prim... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4022001 Thu, 16 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4022001 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3960216&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20828446%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Reynolds E, Rendle-Short J Over 40 years of work on lying in psychology and communication has investigated numerous 'cues to deception' - the subtle signals people show when they are lying. One of these cues to deception is 'response latency' or the gap that occurs between questions and the lying response. The current investigation uses the methodology of conversation analysis to re-consider the question of response latency in the context of lying. Drawing on data from two naturalistic sources, the television shows COPS and the Jeremy Kyle Show, this investigation analyses response latencies in order to show the regular organization of gaps between turns in both lies and non-lies. The current investigation demonstrates that in blame shifting turns which are lies, any gaps betw... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3960216 Tue, 07 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3960216 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3907928&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20738893%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Packer DJ, Chasteen AL, Kang SK We hypothesized that prospective changes in social identity that involve transitioning out of a currently valued group would be associated with negative expectations regarding future states, but that this effect would be mitigated among individuals who expect to belong to a future in-group of similar importance. Consistent with predictions, strongly identified young adults in two studies projected significantly lower self-esteem/psychological well-being in old age than weakly identified young adults. Critically, however, this effect was fully attenuated if they expected to identify with their future aged in-group when they were old. Study 2 showed that the capacity for projected identification to buffer projected well-being among strongly identi... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3907928 Fri, 20 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3907928 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3907927&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20738894%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bastian B, Laham SM, Wilson S, Haslam N, Koval P Being human implies a particular moral status: having moral value, agency, and responsibility. However, people are not seen as equally human. Across two studies, we examine the consequences that subtle variations in the perceived humanness of actors or groups have for their perceived moral status. Drawing on Haslam's two-dimensional model of humanness and focusing on three ways people may be considered to have moral status - moral patiency (value), agency, or responsibility - we demonstrate that subtly denying humanness to others has implications for whether they are blamed, praised, or considered worthy of moral concern and rehabilitation. Moreover, we show that distinct human characteristics are linked to specific judgments of... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3907927 Fri, 20 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3907927 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3889519&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20712918%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: O'Brien LT, Garcia D, Crandall CS, Kordys J We focused on a powerful objection to affirmative action - that affirmative action harms its intended beneficiaries by undermining their self-esteem. We tested whether White Americans would raise the harm to beneficiaries objection particularly when it is in their group interest. When led to believe that affirmative action harmed Whites, participants endorsed the harm to beneficiaries objection more than when led to believe that affirmative action did not harm Whites. Endorsement of a merit-based objection to affirmative action did not differ as a function of the policy's impact on Whites. White Americans used a concern for the intended beneficiaries of affirmative action in a way that seems to further the interest of their own group... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3889519 Thu, 12 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3889519 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3889520&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20707963%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cozzolino PJ Research suggests that in modern Western culture there is a positive relationship between the equality of resources and the formation of trust and cooperation, two psychological components of social capital. Two studies elucidate the psychological processes underlying that relationship. Study 1 experimentally tested the influence of resource distributions on the formation of trust and intentions to cooperate; individuals receiving a deficit of resources and a surplus of resources evidenced lower levels of social capital (i.e., trust and cooperation) than did individuals receiving equal amounts. Analyses revealed the process was affective for deficit participants and cognitive for surplus participants. Study 2 provided suggestive support for the affective-model of ... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3889520 Wed, 11 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3889520 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3867552&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20704775%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gibson S This paper draws on the concept of ideological dilemmas in order to explore how a sample of young people constructed potentially contrary themes of liberal citizenship in discussions of un/employment. The study took place in the context of recent policy developments in the UK which have sought to place a renewed emphasis upon notions of responsible citizenship in relation to both welfare and education policy. A total of 58 participants were interviewed in 24 semi-structured group interviews. In response to direct questions on un/employment, participants could resolve dilemmas concerning welfare rights and the responsibility to contribute to society by emphasizing a criterion of effortfulness, thereby adopting a primarily individualistic explanation of unemployment. In... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3867552 Mon, 09 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3867552 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3867549&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20704776%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sparks P, Farsides T The notion of 'integrity' remains relatively unexplored in the social psychological literature, despite it being central to some important theoretical perspectives (notably, self-affirmation theory). It is an eminently positive - and well-used - epithet in descriptions of public figures. The two studies reported here addressed laypeople's conceptions of integrity. The findings indicate that in relation to eight public figures, the best general predictor of judgments of integrity was perceptions of 'sincerity' (characterized by attributes such as genuine and honest). For three of the public figures strongly linked to civil rights issues, judgments of integrity were also predicted by perceptions of 'standing for something'. The findings suggest that the soci... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3867549 Mon, 09 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3867549 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3799693&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20650033%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tarrant M, Butler K Two studies examined the effects of self-categorization on people's orientation towards health. In Study 1, making salient a social identity which did not advocate a positive orientation towards health led group members to report weaker intentions to engage in health promotion behaviours in the future than did making salient a social identity which had a more positive health orientation. Study 2 showed that orientation towards health is influenced by the intergroup comparative context in which social identity is made salient. When social identity was made salient via an upward intergroup social comparison, participants' evaluation of the in-group's health was more negative, but their commitment to performing health promotion behaviours in the future was str... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3799693 Tue, 20 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3799693 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3799692&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20650034%26dopt%3DAbstract We present two studies exploring the effects of the relative standing of one's in-group in the social hierarchy, which we conceptualize as 'subjective in-group status', on mental health and well-being. Study 1 focuses on the subjective status of a professional in-group (prison guards) while Study 2 concerns the subjective status of the family in-group. Results show that higher subjective in-group status predicts better mental health (e.g., less depression) and greater well-being (e.g., higher satisfaction with life). Also, results demonstrate that the effects of subjective in-group status on mental health are mediated by the extent to which one subjectively identifies with the in-group. PMID: 20650034 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3799692 Tue, 20 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3799692 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3799691&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20650036%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pedersen WC, Denson TF, Goss RJ, Vasquez EA, Kelley NJ, Miller N Although rumination following a provocation can increase aggression, no research has examined the processes responsible for this phenomenon. With predictions derived from the General Aggression Model, three experiments explored the impact of two types of post-provocation rumination on the processes whereby rumination augments aggression. In Experiment 1, relative to distraction, self-focused rumination uniquely increased the accessibility of arousal cognition, whereas provocation-focused rumination uniquely amplified the accessibility of aggressive action cognition. In Experiment 2, provocation-focused rumination uniquely increased systolic blood pressure. In Experiment 3, both types of rumination increased aggre... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3799691 Tue, 20 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3799691 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3744356&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20615274%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Smeekes A, Verkuyten M, Poppe E This research, conducted in the Netherlands, investigates whether people who do not feel strongly committed to their national in-group (i.e., lower identifiers) can be mobilized against expressive rights of Muslim immigrants when specific historical representations of the nation are made salient. Three experimental studies were conducted to examine whether a national identity presented as rooted in Christianity results in comparable levels of opposition towards Muslim expressive rights for lower and higher identifiers. Results in all three studies show that higher identifiers were more likely to oppose Muslim rights than lower identifiers when a tolerant or neutral historical national identity was salient. Yet, no differences in levels of opposi... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3744356 Thu, 01 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3744356 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3730300&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20598219%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Haddock G, Newson M, Haworth J This research explored whether individuals diagnosed with probable Alzheimer's disease report stable attitudes. Two groups of participants (16 memory-impaired individuals with dementia and 16 matched controls without memory impairment) were presented with photos of various common objects and asked to indicate their attitude towards each object. Participants completed this task on two occasions, separated by 1 week. The results of the experiment revealed that memory-impaired individuals showed significant stability across time in their attitudes, although their level of attitude stability was less pronounced than that demonstrated by the matched controls. Theoretical and applied implications of the results are discussed. PMID: 20598219 [PubMed... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3730300 Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3730300 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3730299&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20598220%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zagefka H, González R, Brown R Two survey studies were conducted in Chile with members of the indigenous minority group Mapuche (Ns=566; 394). The aim was to find predictors of minority members' acculturation preferences, especially integration. It was hypothesized that minority members' preferences would depend on their perceptions of what majority members want. Specifically, it was predicted that a perception that majority members want minority members to maintain their original culture would be associated with a greater desire for culture maintenance among minority participants. Further, it was predicted that a perception that majority members want intergroup contact would be associated with a greater desire for contact among minority participants. Finally, it was predic... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3730299 Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3730299 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3687551&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20566027%26dopt%3DAbstract 'They seem to think "We're better than you': Framing football support as a matter of 'national identity' in Scotland and England. Br J Soc Psychol. 2010 Jun 18; Authors: Abell J Within social psychology, studies of the nation have typically been understood in terms of national identity. Criticisms have been made of the tendency to conflate 'being' a member of a national category with psychological attachment to the group and its members. Furthermore, ethnomethodologically informed approaches have argued that little has been said about when and how social actors frame matters as one of national identity. Taking the example of national football support, this study considers the circumstances under which football may be cast as a matter of national identity, and when such ascripti... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3687551 Thu, 17 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3687551 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3667060&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20546668%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hepburn A, Potter J One of the most basic topics in social psychology is the way one agent influences the behaviour of another. This paper will focus on threats, which are an intensified form of attempted behavioural influence. Despite the centrality to the project of social psychology, little attention has been paid to threats. This paper will start to rectify this oversight. It reviews early examples of the way social psychology handles threats and highlights key limitations and presuppositions about the nature and role of threats. By contrast, we subject them to a programme of empirical research. Data comprise video records of a collection of family mealtimes that include preschool children. Threats are recurrent in this material. A preliminary conceptualization of features... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3667060 Fri, 11 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3667060 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3649462&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20529444%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Smith LG, Postmes T Research has shown that group discussion can increase intergroup prejudice and discrimination. However, we know little about the process by which discussion has this effect. Therefore, four studies were conducted in a real-world context to investigate this process. Results suggest that discussing a negative societal stereotype (relative to individual rumination in Studies 1 and 3 and alternative discussions in Studies 2 and 3) increases intentions to engage in discrimination against the out-group target of the stereotype. This is mediated by the formation of an in-group norm which supports discrimination (Study 1) and the extent to which the discussion validates the stereotype (Study 2). A fourth study manipulated the extent to which consensus on the negati... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3649462 Sun, 06 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3649462 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3560716&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20456820%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Smith LG, Postmes T In two studies, we demonstrate that small group discussions change the extent to which an activated stereotype affects performance in a relevant domain. In Study 1, female participants were asked why men are (or are not) better than them at maths. They generated their answers individually or through group discussion, and their subsequent maths performance was highest when they collectively challenged the stereotype and lowest when they collectively affirmed the stereotype. When participants affirmed the stereotype through discussion, they used more theories which supported the validity of the stereotype, compared to the individual thought condition; and consensus mediated the effect of group discussion on performance (relative to individual rumination). In ... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3560716 Fri, 07 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3560716 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3560715&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20456821%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fischer P, Fischer J, Weisweiler S, Frey D We investigated whether different modes of decision making (deliberate, intuitive, distracted) affect subsequent confirmatory processing of decision-consistent and inconsistent information. Participants showed higher levels of confirmatory information processing when they made a deliberate or an intuitive decision versus a decision under distraction (Studies 1 and 2). As soon as participants have a cognitive (i.e., deliberate cognitive analysis) or affective (i.e., intuitive and gut feeling) reason for their decision, the subjective confidence in the validity of their decision increases, which results in increased levels of confirmatory information processing (Study 2). In contrast, when participants are distracted during decision mak... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3560715 Fri, 07 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3560715 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3411538&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20338101%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Riediger M, Rauers A Personal goals, that is, ideas of what one wants to maintain, attain, or avoid in the future, are pursued within social contexts and may influence the social systems a person belongs to. Focusing on romantic partnerships as one of the most important social contexts in adulthood, this longitudinal study investigated the role of partners' mutual goal knowledge for partnership development (T1: N=69 couples; T2: N=47). Partners described their own personal goals and the goals they assumed their partners to have. Trained coders rated the overlap between the self-reported and the ascribed goals. Actor-partner interdependence models showed that knowing one's partner's goals was associated with a higher level of partnership satisfaction after about 16 months, cont... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3411538 Wed, 24 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3411538 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3411539&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20334733%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Russell NJ Stanley Milgram's Obedience to Authority experiments remain one of the most inspired contributions in the field of social psychology. Although Milgram undertook more than 20 experimental variations, his most (in)famous result was the first official trial run - the remote condition and its 65% completion rate. Drawing on many unpublished documents from Milgram's personal archive at Yale University, this article traces the historical origins and early evolution of the obedience experiments. Part 1 presents the previous experiences that led to Milgram's conception of his rudimentary research idea and then details the role of his intuition in its refinement. Part 2 traces the conversion of Milgram's evolving idea into a reality, paying particular attention to his applic... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3411539 Tue, 23 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3411539 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3377693&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20226117%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rabinovich A, Morton TA We experimentally investigated the effect of superordinate (i.e. British) versus subordinate (i.e. English) identity salience on willingness to contribute to a resource shared at the superordinate level (the British coast). Contrary to what would be expected from straightforward application of self-categorization theory, two studies demonstrated that willingness to contribute to this shared resource was higher when subordinate (rather than superordinate) identity was activated. To explain this effect, we suggest that subordinate identities sometimes provide a more meaningful basis for self-definition and, when this is the case, activating subordinate level of identity might lay the foundation for enhanced cooperation within higher-order identities. Inde... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3377693 Thu, 11 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3377693 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3377692&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20226118%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hegarty P, Watson N, Fletcher L, McQueen G A preference to name stereotypically masculine before stereotypically feminine individuals explains why men are typically named before women, as on the Internet, for example (Study 1). Heterosexual couples are named with men's names first more often when such couples are imagined to conform to gender stereotypes (Studies 2 and 3). First-named partners of imaginary same-sex couples are attributed more stereotypically masculine attributes (Study 4). Familiarity bounds these effects of stereotypes on name order. People name couples they know well with closer people first (Study 5), and consequently name familiar heterosexual couples with members of their own gender first (Study 6). These studies evidence a previously unknown effect of th... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3377692 Thu, 11 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3377692 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3351093&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20211052%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined these biases in six diverse nations: Australia, Germany, Israel, Japan, Singapore, and the USA. Both biases were found in all nations. The self-humanizing effect was obtained independent of self-enhancement, and was stronger than self-enhancement in two nations (Germany and Japan). Self-humanizing was not specific to Western or English-speaking cultures and its magnitude was less cross-culturally variable than self-enhancement. Implications of these findings for research on the self and its biases are discussed. PMID: 20211052 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology) The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3351093 Sat, 06 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3351093 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3351095&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20211050%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Roets A, Van Hiel A The present research investigates how people's general epistemic motives may inspire essentialist beliefs about racial groups and racism. In three studies, we focus particularly on essentialist entitativity (EE, referring to beliefs about the uniformity, informativeness, and inherent core of racial groups), probing into its relationships with epistemic need for closure (NFC) and prejudice. In Study 1, we develop an EE scale, empirically distinguish it from the naturalness component of essentialism and non-EE beliefs, and establish its predictive utility for explaining racial prejudice. Study 2 provides experimental evidence for the causal effect of NFC on EE beliefs. Study 3 demonstrates in three different samples that EE beliefs mediate the relationship be... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3351095 Fri, 05 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3351095 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3351094&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20211051%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Caricati L, Monacelli N The study of status differences between groups has been an important topic in intergroup relations research. In this work, status differences are typically operationalized in dyadic terms: i.e. high versus low status. Based on the social identity approach, we conducted a minimal group experiment to investigate intergroup behaviours in a three-group social hierarchy (high, intermediate, and low status; N=187). Participants were randomly assigned to one of the three groups and allocated resources in either limited or not limited resource conditions. Among others, results showed that participants in the intermediate status group were equally biased against both out-groups when resources were limited, while they were more biased against the high than the lo... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3351094 Fri, 05 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3351094 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3314953&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20181321%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hart J, Schwabach JA, Solomon S Research on gambling, and risk taking in general, has focused primarily on approach-related motivations. The current study examined the avoidance of existential anxiety as a possible source of risky decision making and behaviour. The authors hypothesized that participants reminded of their own mortality would consequently make riskier decisions (and therefore perform more poorly) on the Iowa gambling task. Results confirmed this prediction. Implications of the finding that existential concerns undermine efficient decision making are considered. PMID: 20181321 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology) The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3314953 Tue, 23 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3314953 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3307577&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20178684%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Potter J This paper is both an overview of the status of contemporary discursive psychology and a response to Corcoran's critical article. The first part of the paper reports on the main traditions that make up contemporary discursive psychology and how they relate to one another. Then it responds to Corcoran's claims that much of contemporary discursive psychology: (a) is over concerned with epistemic issues at the expense of ontological issues; (b) is too concerned with data purity while failing reflexively to address its own practices; (c) fails to address ethical, applied, and political issues in the way that a reformed 'ontological' discursive psychology would be able to; (d) fails to provide an adequate and rich account of relationality (of the kind offered by thinkers s... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3307577 Mon, 22 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3307577 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3299103&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20170600%26dopt%3DAbstract This study explores how a group of young British Muslim gay men (BMGM) of Pakistani background in non-gay affirmative religious contexts understood and defined their sexual, religious, and ethnic identities, focusing upon the negotiation and construction of these identities and particularly upon strategies employed for coping with identity threat. A total of 12 BMGM were interviewed using a semi-structured interview schedule. Transcripts were subjected to qualitative thematic analysis as described by Braun and Clarke. The aim was to explore participants' lived experiences through the interpretive lens of identity process theory. Four superordinate themes are reported, entitled 'I'm gay because ... ': making sense of gay identity, 'It's all about temptation': invoking religious discourses t... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3299103 Thu, 18 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3299103 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3288887&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20163767%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kurz T, Augoustinos M, Crabb S The release of the fourth United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report in February 2007 prompted a flood of responses from political leaders around the globe. Perhaps nowhere was this more apparent than in Australia, where its release coincided with the first sitting week of the Australian Parliament, in an election year. The current study involves a discursive analysis of climate change rhetoric produced by politicians from the major Australian political parties in the period following the release of the IPCC leading up to the national election. Data include both transcripts of parliamentary debate and statements directly broadcast in the media. The analysis focuses on the various ways in which the issue of climate chan... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3288887 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3288887 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3281326&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20156395%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Crane MF, Platow MJ We currently report three studies investigating group members' expressions of dissatisfaction and discontent with the behaviour and attitudes of their in-group members. Our analysis examines the context in which group members will deviate from actual group member behaviour. We argue that highly identifying group members will challenge fellow group member behaviour when that group member behaviour is perceived to violate injunctive group norms. Further, we predicted that high identifiers would still challenge such group member behaviour even if that behaviour were conducted by a majority of group members. Thus, high identifiers were predicted to express descriptively deviant opinions when the behaviour of other members contravenes injunctive group norms. In ... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3281326 Fri, 12 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3281326 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3240661&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20122306%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Levine M, Cassidy C, Jentzsch I Three studies consider the implicit bystander effect in the light of recent advances in social identity approaches to helping. Drawing on the social identity model of deindividuation effects we argue that the implicit bystander effect is shaped not by the number of others imagined, but by who those others are imagined to be. Studies 1 and 2 demonstrate that, when group membership is primed, increasing group size can facilitate helping in line with the norms and values of the group. Study 3 explores mediation processes in group level helping. As group size increases, female participants react faster to words associated with communalism when others are imagined as women rather than strangers. The paper demonstrates that group size and helping beha... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3240661 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3240661 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3217125&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20100393%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kastenmuller A, Greitemeyer T, Jonas E, Fischer P, Frey D Previous research has found that people prefer information that supports rather than conflicts with their decisions (selective exposure). In the present three studies, we investigated the impact of collectivism and individualism on this bias. First, based on previous findings showing that collectivists compared to individualists are inclined to seek the 'middle way' and tend towards self-criticism, we predicted and found that the confirmation bias was more negative among collectivists compared to individualists. Second, we assumed that the difference between selected supporting versus conflicting information would move more in favour of conflicting information among both collectivists and individualists when the domain ... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3217125 Fri, 22 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3217125 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3217124&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20100394%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Amiot CE, Terry DJ, Wirawan D, Grice TA The present studies investigated the processes by which group members integrate a new social identity. Based on a newly developed theoretical model, we anticipated that social factors (social support and need satisfaction) would be facilitators of this change process and should have an impact on the coping and adaptation strategies group members use to deal with the membership in a new group. These strategies, in turn, should predict intra-individual changes in level of identification with the new group, which should then predict enhanced psychological adjustment over time. The proposed associations were tested among university students over the course of their first academic year (Study 1) and among on-line gamers joining a newly establ... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3217124 Fri, 22 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3217124 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3217123&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20100395%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Greifeneder R, Bless H Prior research has shown that activated concepts may influence subsequent interpretation and judgmental processes via priming. Building on this evidence, we suggest that the fluency associated with concept activation may determine whether activated content elicits assimilation or contrast. In two experiments, concept activation in a typical priming experiment was rendered fluent or non-fluent. Consistent with hypotheses, fluent concept activation led to assimilation, whereas non-fluent concept activation led to contrast. PMID: 20100395 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology) The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3217123 Fri, 22 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3217123 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3121276&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20030963%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dijker AJ It is theorized that many moral emotions are triggered when a mechanism for (parental) care is activated by perceived vulnerability, and changes in the care object's well-being are subsequently evaluated and causally attributed. Participants reported different moral emotions (tenderness, concern, sympathy, guilt, and moral anger) in relation to different photographs of males and females widely differing in age. Using variation between emotion objects, it was shown that emotional reactions were highly intercorrelated and strongly related to perceived vulnerability and aroused protective tendency; with children and elderly arousing the strongest, and adult males the weakest, emotions. Moreover, these intercorrelations largely disappeared when vulnerability and protecti... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3121276 Tue, 22 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3121276 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3111921&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20021706%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Greenaway KH, Louis WR We investigated the effects of salient shared humanity with a benevolent or hostile human norm on perpetrators of historical atrocities. Our findings suggest that a focus on benevolent superordinate humanity enables perpetrators to legitimize intergroup discrimination and preserve existing negative attitudes towards victims. In Expt 1 (N=135), salient shared humanity with a human norm of benevolence and kindness preserved the perceived legitimacy of intergroup inequality, while exposure to a hostile norm of human nature reduced perceived legitimacy. Expt 2 (N=51) replicated the association between exposure to a hostile human norm and reduced legitimization when perpetrator intentions were unambiguously negative. In contrast, when perpetrator intentions w... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3111921 Thu, 17 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3111921 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3111920&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20021707%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Steg L, de Groot J This paper examines factors influencing prosocial intentions. On the basis of the norm activation model (NAM), we propose that four variables influence prosocial intentions or behaviours: (1) personal norms (PN), reflecting feelings of moral obligation to engage in prosocial behaviour, (2) awareness of adverse consequences of not acting prosocially, (3) ascription of responsibility for the negative consequences of not acting prosocially, and (4) perceived control over the problems. We conducted a series of experimental studies to examine how the NAM variables are causally related. As hypothesized, problem awareness, responsibility, and outcome efficacy played an important role in the development of PN and various types of prosocial intentions in the social a... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3111920 Thu, 17 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3111920 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3045494&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19948082%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Johnson CS, Stapel DA The current studies examine how focusing on evaluation of the current self (a 'being' mindset) or focusing on the projection of future selves (a 'becoming mindset') influences responses to social comparison information. The studies show that the mindset of individuals, independent of other situational variables, determines whether individuals regard targets as threatening, how targets influence self-evaluations, and how targets affect performance on relevant tasks. The studies also show that mindsets determine what kinds of social comparison information are influential. In a becoming mindset, people are influenced mainly by information from domains that are considered mutable, whereas in a being mindset, people are influenced by information from both immu... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3045494 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3045494 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2971300&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19891823%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Stevenson C, Muldoon OT Psychological research into national identity has considered both the banal quality of nationalism alongside the active, strategic construction of national categories and boundaries. Less attention has been paid to the conflict between these processes for those whose claims to national identity may be problematic. In the present study, focus groups were conducted with 36 Roman Catholic adolescents living in border regions of Ireland, in which participants were asked to talk about their own and others' Irish national identity. Discursive analysis of the data revealed that those in the Republic of Ireland strategically displayed their national identity as obvious and 'banal', while those in Northern Ireland proactively claimed their Irishness. Moreover, t... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2971300 Wed, 04 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2971300 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2964206&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19883525%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Geschke D, Mummendey A, Kessler T, Funke F Migration causes permanent processes of acculturation involving migrants but also members of mainstream society. A longitudinal field study with 70 German majority members investigated how their acculturation goals causally related to their attitudes and behaviours towards migrants. We distinguished acculturation goals concerning the migrants' culture(s) (what migrants should do) and acculturation goals concerning the usually neglected own changing mainstream culture. Both were conceived along the two dimensions of 'culture maintenance' and 'culture adoption'. Cross-sectionally we found many strong links between acculturation goals and attitudes and behaviours towards migrants, only some of which held longitudinally. As hypothesized t... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2964206 Sat, 31 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2964206 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2923125&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19849893%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hiew DN, Hornsey MJ Group-directed criticism typically arouses greater defensiveness when it stems from an out-group member as opposed to an in-group member (the intergroup sensitivity effect). In light of work on the sleeper effect, the current research examines whether this defensiveness persists over time. Students received criticism of their faculty area from either a member of the same faculty area (in-group condition), or a member of a different faculty area (out-group condition), or they received no criticism (control condition). Despite relatively poor recall of the content of the criticism, the intergroup sensitivity effect (ISE) found immediately after presentation of the criticism had not significantly decreased 3-4 weeks later. However, the heightened intergroup bi... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2923125 Tue, 20 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2923125 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2923126&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19843351%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Harber KD, Stafford R, Kennedy KA This research examined whether Whites favourably bias their feedback to minorities in order to see themselves as egalitarian. White teacher trainees first had their egalitarian self-images affirmed, left unchanged, or threatened. They then provided feedback on a poorly written essay supposedly authored by either a Black or a White student. As predicted, trainees in the Black writer/self-image threat condition selectively rated essay content more favourably, recommended less time for skill development, provided more favourable copy-editing comments, and generated more equivocating 'buffers'. In contrast, trainees in the Black writer/self-image boost condition supplied feedback indistinguishable from feedback provided by trainees in the White wr... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2923126 Sun, 18 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2923126