MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'The British Journal of Social Psychology' source. Mon, 15 Mar 2010 15:32:53 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3351093&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20211052%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined these biases in six diverse nations: Australia, Germany, Israel, Japan, Singapore, and the USA. Both biases were found in all nations. The self-humanizing effect was obtained independent of self-enhancement, and was stronger than self-enhancement in two nations (Germany and Japan). Self-humanizing was not specific to Western or English-speaking cultures and its magnitude was less cross-culturally variable than self-enhancement. Implications of these findings for research on the self and its biases are discussed. PMID: 20211052 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology) The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3351093 Sat, 06 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3351093 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3351095&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20211050%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Roets A, Van Hiel A The present research investigates how people's general epistemic motives may inspire essentialist beliefs about racial groups and racism. In three studies, we focus particularly on essentialist entitativity (EE, referring to beliefs about the uniformity, informativeness, and inherent core of racial groups), probing into its relationships with epistemic need for closure (NFC) and prejudice. In Study 1, we develop an EE scale, empirically distinguish it from the naturalness component of essentialism and non-EE beliefs, and establish its predictive utility for explaining racial prejudice. Study 2 provides experimental evidence for the causal effect of NFC on EE beliefs. Study 3 demonstrates in three different samples that EE beliefs mediate the relationship be... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3351095 Fri, 05 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3351095 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3351094&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20211051%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Caricati L, Monacelli N The study of status differences between groups has been an important topic in intergroup relations research. In this work, status differences are typically operationalized in dyadic terms: i.e. high versus low status. Based on the social identity approach, we conducted a minimal group experiment to investigate intergroup behaviours in a three-group social hierarchy (high, intermediate, and low status; N=187). Participants were randomly assigned to one of the three groups and allocated resources in either limited or not limited resource conditions. Among others, results showed that participants in the intermediate status group were equally biased against both out-groups when resources were limited, while they were more biased against the high than the lo... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3351094 Fri, 05 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3351094 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3314953&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20181321%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hart J, Schwabach JA, Solomon S Research on gambling, and risk taking in general, has focused primarily on approach-related motivations. The current study examined the avoidance of existential anxiety as a possible source of risky decision making and behaviour. The authors hypothesized that participants reminded of their own mortality would consequently make riskier decisions (and therefore perform more poorly) on the Iowa gambling task. Results confirmed this prediction. Implications of the finding that existential concerns undermine efficient decision making are considered. PMID: 20181321 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology) The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3314953 Tue, 23 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3314953 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3307577&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20178684%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Potter J This paper is both an overview of the status of contemporary discursive psychology and a response to Corcoran's critical article. The first part of the paper reports on the main traditions that make up contemporary discursive psychology and how they relate to one another. Then it responds to Corcoran's claims that much of contemporary discursive psychology: (a) is over concerned with epistemic issues at the expense of ontological issues; (b) is too concerned with data purity while failing reflexively to address its own practices; (c) fails to address ethical, applied, and political issues in the way that a reformed 'ontological' discursive psychology would be able to; (d) fails to provide an adequate and rich account of relationality (of the kind offered by thinkers s... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3307577 Mon, 22 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3307577 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3299103&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20170600%26dopt%3DAbstract This study explores how a group of young British Muslim gay men (BMGM) of Pakistani background in non-gay affirmative religious contexts understood and defined their sexual, religious, and ethnic identities, focusing upon the negotiation and construction of these identities and particularly upon strategies employed for coping with identity threat. A total of 12 BMGM were interviewed using a semi-structured interview schedule. Transcripts were subjected to qualitative thematic analysis as described by Braun and Clarke. The aim was to explore participants' lived experiences through the interpretive lens of identity process theory. Four superordinate themes are reported, entitled 'I'm gay because ... ': making sense of gay identity, 'It's all about temptation': invoking religious discourses t... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3299103 Thu, 18 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3299103 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3288887&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20163767%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kurz T, Augoustinos M, Crabb S The release of the fourth United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report in February 2007 prompted a flood of responses from political leaders around the globe. Perhaps nowhere was this more apparent than in Australia, where its release coincided with the first sitting week of the Australian Parliament, in an election year. The current study involves a discursive analysis of climate change rhetoric produced by politicians from the major Australian political parties in the period following the release of the IPCC leading up to the national election. Data include both transcripts of parliamentary debate and statements directly broadcast in the media. The analysis focuses on the various ways in which the issue of climate chan... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3288887 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3288887 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3281326&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20156395%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Crane MF, Platow MJ We currently report three studies investigating group members' expressions of dissatisfaction and discontent with the behaviour and attitudes of their in-group members. Our analysis examines the context in which group members will deviate from actual group member behaviour. We argue that highly identifying group members will challenge fellow group member behaviour when that group member behaviour is perceived to violate injunctive group norms. Further, we predicted that high identifiers would still challenge such group member behaviour even if that behaviour were conducted by a majority of group members. Thus, high identifiers were predicted to express descriptively deviant opinions when the behaviour of other members contravenes injunctive group norms. In ... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3281326 Fri, 12 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3281326 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3240661&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20122306%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Levine M, Cassidy C, Jentzsch I Three studies consider the implicit bystander effect in the light of recent advances in social identity approaches to helping. Drawing on the social identity model of deindividuation effects we argue that the implicit bystander effect is shaped not by the number of others imagined, but by who those others are imagined to be. Studies 1 and 2 demonstrate that, when group membership is primed, increasing group size can facilitate helping in line with the norms and values of the group. Study 3 explores mediation processes in group level helping. As group size increases, female participants react faster to words associated with communalism when others are imagined as women rather than strangers. The paper demonstrates that group size and helping beha... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3240661 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3240661 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3217125&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20100393%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kastenmuller A, Greitemeyer T, Jonas E, Fischer P, Frey D Previous research has found that people prefer information that supports rather than conflicts with their decisions (selective exposure). In the present three studies, we investigated the impact of collectivism and individualism on this bias. First, based on previous findings showing that collectivists compared to individualists are inclined to seek the 'middle way' and tend towards self-criticism, we predicted and found that the confirmation bias was more negative among collectivists compared to individualists. Second, we assumed that the difference between selected supporting versus conflicting information would move more in favour of conflicting information among both collectivists and individualists when the domain ... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3217125 Fri, 22 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3217125 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3217124&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20100394%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Amiot CE, Terry DJ, Wirawan D, Grice TA The present studies investigated the processes by which group members integrate a new social identity. Based on a newly developed theoretical model, we anticipated that social factors (social support and need satisfaction) would be facilitators of this change process and should have an impact on the coping and adaptation strategies group members use to deal with the membership in a new group. These strategies, in turn, should predict intra-individual changes in level of identification with the new group, which should then predict enhanced psychological adjustment over time. The proposed associations were tested among university students over the course of their first academic year (Study 1) and among on-line gamers joining a newly establ... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3217124 Fri, 22 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3217124 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3217123&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20100395%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Greifeneder R, Bless H Prior research has shown that activated concepts may influence subsequent interpretation and judgmental processes via priming. Building on this evidence, we suggest that the fluency associated with concept activation may determine whether activated content elicits assimilation or contrast. In two experiments, concept activation in a typical priming experiment was rendered fluent or non-fluent. Consistent with hypotheses, fluent concept activation led to assimilation, whereas non-fluent concept activation led to contrast. PMID: 20100395 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology) The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3217123 Fri, 22 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3217123 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3121276&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20030963%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dijker AJ It is theorized that many moral emotions are triggered when a mechanism for (parental) care is activated by perceived vulnerability, and changes in the care object's well-being are subsequently evaluated and causally attributed. Participants reported different moral emotions (tenderness, concern, sympathy, guilt, and moral anger) in relation to different photographs of males and females widely differing in age. Using variation between emotion objects, it was shown that emotional reactions were highly intercorrelated and strongly related to perceived vulnerability and aroused protective tendency; with children and elderly arousing the strongest, and adult males the weakest, emotions. Moreover, these intercorrelations largely disappeared when vulnerability and protecti... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3121276 Tue, 22 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3121276 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3111921&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20021706%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Greenaway KH, Louis WR We investigated the effects of salient shared humanity with a benevolent or hostile human norm on perpetrators of historical atrocities. Our findings suggest that a focus on benevolent superordinate humanity enables perpetrators to legitimize intergroup discrimination and preserve existing negative attitudes towards victims. In Expt 1 (N=135), salient shared humanity with a human norm of benevolence and kindness preserved the perceived legitimacy of intergroup inequality, while exposure to a hostile norm of human nature reduced perceived legitimacy. Expt 2 (N=51) replicated the association between exposure to a hostile human norm and reduced legitimization when perpetrator intentions were unambiguously negative. In contrast, when perpetrator intentions w... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3111921 Thu, 17 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3111921 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3111920&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20021707%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Steg L, de Groot J This paper examines factors influencing prosocial intentions. On the basis of the norm activation model (NAM), we propose that four variables influence prosocial intentions or behaviours: (1) personal norms (PN), reflecting feelings of moral obligation to engage in prosocial behaviour, (2) awareness of adverse consequences of not acting prosocially, (3) ascription of responsibility for the negative consequences of not acting prosocially, and (4) perceived control over the problems. We conducted a series of experimental studies to examine how the NAM variables are causally related. As hypothesized, problem awareness, responsibility, and outcome efficacy played an important role in the development of PN and various types of prosocial intentions in the social a... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3111920 Thu, 17 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3111920 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3045494&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19948082%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Johnson CS, Stapel DA The current studies examine how focusing on evaluation of the current self (a 'being' mindset) or focusing on the projection of future selves (a 'becoming mindset') influences responses to social comparison information. The studies show that the mindset of individuals, independent of other situational variables, determines whether individuals regard targets as threatening, how targets influence self-evaluations, and how targets affect performance on relevant tasks. The studies also show that mindsets determine what kinds of social comparison information are influential. In a becoming mindset, people are influenced mainly by information from domains that are considered mutable, whereas in a being mindset, people are influenced by information from both immu... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3045494 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3045494 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2971300&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19891823%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Stevenson C, Muldoon OT Psychological research into national identity has considered both the banal quality of nationalism alongside the active, strategic construction of national categories and boundaries. Less attention has been paid to the conflict between these processes for those whose claims to national identity may be problematic. In the present study, focus groups were conducted with 36 Roman Catholic adolescents living in border regions of Ireland, in which participants were asked to talk about their own and others' Irish national identity. Discursive analysis of the data revealed that those in the Republic of Ireland strategically displayed their national identity as obvious and 'banal', while those in Northern Ireland proactively claimed their Irishness. Moreover, t... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2971300 Wed, 04 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2971300 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2964206&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19883525%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Geschke D, Mummendey A, Kessler T, Funke F Migration causes permanent processes of acculturation involving migrants but also members of mainstream society. A longitudinal field study with 70 German majority members investigated how their acculturation goals causally related to their attitudes and behaviours towards migrants. We distinguished acculturation goals concerning the migrants' culture(s) (what migrants should do) and acculturation goals concerning the usually neglected own changing mainstream culture. Both were conceived along the two dimensions of 'culture maintenance' and 'culture adoption'. Cross-sectionally we found many strong links between acculturation goals and attitudes and behaviours towards migrants, only some of which held longitudinally. As hypothesized t... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2964206 Sat, 31 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2964206 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2923125&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19849893%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hiew DN, Hornsey MJ Group-directed criticism typically arouses greater defensiveness when it stems from an out-group member as opposed to an in-group member (the intergroup sensitivity effect). In light of work on the sleeper effect, the current research examines whether this defensiveness persists over time. Students received criticism of their faculty area from either a member of the same faculty area (in-group condition), or a member of a different faculty area (out-group condition), or they received no criticism (control condition). Despite relatively poor recall of the content of the criticism, the intergroup sensitivity effect (ISE) found immediately after presentation of the criticism had not significantly decreased 3-4 weeks later. However, the heightened intergroup bi... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2923125 Tue, 20 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2923125 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2923126&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19843351%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Harber KD, Stafford R, Kennedy KA This research examined whether Whites favourably bias their feedback to minorities in order to see themselves as egalitarian. White teacher trainees first had their egalitarian self-images affirmed, left unchanged, or threatened. They then provided feedback on a poorly written essay supposedly authored by either a Black or a White student. As predicted, trainees in the Black writer/self-image threat condition selectively rated essay content more favourably, recommended less time for skill development, provided more favourable copy-editing comments, and generated more equivocating 'buffers'. In contrast, trainees in the Black writer/self-image boost condition supplied feedback indistinguishable from feedback provided by trainees in the White wr... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2923126 Sun, 18 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2923126 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2876606&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19807942%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: De Tezanos-Pinto P, Bratt C, Brown R The influence of social norms in the context of intergroup relations has long been recognized by social psychologists, yet research on intergroup contact and social norms have usually remained disconnected. We explored the influence of direct and indirect friendship on attitudes towards ethnic minorities in Norway, and in particular the role of in-group norms about the social approval of intergroup contact as a mechanism that distinguishes direct from indirect contact. Using a sample of school students from 89 classrooms (N=823), we tested this hypothesis with both one level and multi-level structural equation modelling (ML-SEM), where the amount of contact of other classroom members was considered as a form of indirect contact. The results... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2876606 Sun, 04 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2876606 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2857878&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19793407%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sparks P, Jessop DC, Chapman J, Holmes K Social concerns with the imperative of environmentally sustainable life-styles sit rather awkwardly with ideas about the widespread denial of global environmental problems. Given the very obvious threat and denial dimensions to these issues, we conducted two studies assessing the impact of self-affirmation manipulations on people's beliefs and motives regarding pro-environmental actions. In Study 1, participants (N=125) completed a self-affirmation task and read information on the threat of climate change. Results showed that the self-affirmation manipulation resulted in lower levels of denial and greater perceptions of personal involvement in relation to climate change. In Study 2, participants (N=90) completed a self-affirmation task ... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2857878 Sun, 27 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2857878 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2857877&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19793408%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nario-Redmond MR Despite the fact that disabled people comprise a heterogeneous social group, cross-impairment cultural stereotypes reflect a consistent set of beliefs used to characterize this population as dependent, incompetent, and asexual. Using a free-response methodology, stereotypical beliefs about disabled men (DM) and women (DW) were contrasted against the stereotypes of their non-disabled counterparts illustrating the dimensions considered most diagnostic of each group. Results revealed that both disabled and non-disabled participants expressed consensus about the contents of group stereotypes that exaggerate traditional gender role expectations of the non-disabled while minimizing perceived differences between DM and DW. Implications for the field of stereotyping a... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2857877 Sun, 27 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2857877 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2857876&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19793409%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Archer J Four studies are reported on the derivation and assessment of a hypermasculinity scale. In Study 1, a questionnaire measure of hypermasculine values was derived from an initial 122 items, rated on a seven-point scale by 600 men from eight categories, based on occupation or sport interest. Factor analysis and item reduction produced 26- and 16- item scales (Hypermasculine Values Questionnaire, HVQ and Short Hypermasculine Values Questionnaire) with high internal consistencies. There were substantial differences between categories, consistent with predictions based on their gender-stereotypic connotations. Study 2 involved the scales being administered to another similarly composed sample: again high internal consistency and unidimensionality (in a confirmatory factor a... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2857876 Sun, 27 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2857876 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2758297&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19719903%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Carraro L, Gawronski B, Castelli L The current research investigated the effects of negative as compared to positive person-based political campaigns on explicit and implicit evaluations of the involved candidates. Participants were presented with two political candidates and statements that one of them ostensibly said during the last political campaign. For half of the participants, the campaign included positive remarks about the source of the statement (positive campaign); for the remaining half, the campaign included negative remarks about the opponent (negative campaign). Afterwards, participants completed measures of explicit and implicit evaluations of both candidates. Results indicate that explicit evaluations of the source, but not the opponent, were less favourable a... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2758297 Thu, 27 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2758297 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2723249&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19691915%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bruckmüller S, Branscombe NR The glass cliff refers to women being more likely to rise to positions of organizational leadership in times of crisis than in times of success, and men being more likely to achieve those positions in prosperous times. We examine the role that (a) a gendered history of leadership and (b) stereotypes about gender and leadership play in creating the glass cliff. In Expt 1, participants who read about a company with a male history of leadership selected a male future leader for a successful organization, but chose a female future leader in times of crisis. This interaction - between company performance and gender of the preferred future leader - was eliminated for a counter-stereotypic history of female leadership. In Expt 2, stereotypically male... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2723249 Mon, 17 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2723249 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2672361&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19646326%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Danaher K, Branscombe NR Two experiments examined the effects of gender-based token hiring practices in organizational settings. In Expt 1, women were exposed to organizational hiring practices that were open, token, or closed. Token practices served to perpetuate inequality by maintaining individual mobility beliefs and organizational identification. In Expt 2, both men and women imagined working for a corporation that planned to implement open, token, or closed hiring practices. Although women reported experiencing negative emotions in the closed and token conditions compared to the open condition, token practices maintained positive perceptions of the organization and individual mobility beliefs compared to the closed condition. Men endorsed more individual mobility beliefs... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2672361 Mon, 27 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2672361 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2631380&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19622198%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examined the effect of close and extended intercultural contact on attributions for behaviour of out-group members. Specifically, it was hypothesized that extended intercultural contact would enhance the ability to make external and culturally sensitive attributions for ambiguous behaviour of out-group members, while decreasing the common tendency to overestimate internal factors. A content analysis of open-ended attributions supported these hypotheses, revealing that majority group members in Germany who had hosted an exchange student from another continent used significantly less internal and more external as well as culturally sensitive attributions to explain the behaviour described in critical intercultural incidents, compared to future hosts. The effect remained significan... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2631380 Mon, 20 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2631380 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2554216&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19558752%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Meeus J, Duriez B, Vanbeselaere N, Boen F Two studies investigated whether the content of in-group identity affects the relation between in-group identification and ethnic prejudice. The first study among university students, tested whether national identity representations (i.e. ethnic vs. civic) moderate or mediate the relation between Flemish in-group identification and ethnic prejudice. A moderation hypothesis is supported when those higher in identification who subscribe to a more ethnic representation display higher ethnic prejudice levels than those higher in identification who subscribe to a more civic representation. A mediation hypothesis is supported when those higher in identification tend towards one specific representation, which in turn, should predict ethnic pr... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2554216 Wed, 24 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2554216 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2554215&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19558753%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Finell E, Liebkind K The purpose of this study is to examine qualitatively how respondents create national distinctiveness using rhetorical identity strategies in the context of four Finnish national symbols. The data consist of 127 essays written by Finnish secondary school students. Analysis revealed five different strategies used to distinguish between the in-group and the out-group. These strategies differ on two dimensions: the level of polarization, and the extent to which the in-group-out-group relationship is depicted as being active versus passive. Furthermore, the analysis showed that the two dimensions of nationalism, particularism and universalism, have an important role in the differentiation processes and therefore highlighted the importance of taking into consid... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2554215 Wed, 24 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2554215 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538521&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19531282%26dopt%3DAbstract This article explores aspects of a homeless man's everyday life and his use of material objects to maintain a sense of place in the city. We are interested in the complex functions of walking, listening and reading as social practices central to how this man forges a life as a mobile hermit across physical and imagined locales. This highlights connections between physical place, use of material objects, imagination, and sense of self. Our analysis illustrates the value of paying attention to geographical locations and objects in social psychological research on homelessness. PMID: 19531282 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology) The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538521 Sun, 14 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538521 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538522&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19523278%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Novelli D, Drury J, Reicher S This paper describes two experiments investigating the impact of group relations on personal space. In Study 1, participants (N=39) in minimal groups were told that they would be interacting with another person. In line with expectations, personal space (as measured by the distance between chairs) was significantly less in the intragroup context than in the intergroup and interpersonal contexts. This finding was replicated in Study 2 (N=80) using an improved experimental design. These results are discussed in terms of developing a self-categorization account of personal space and crowding. PMID: 19523278 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology) The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538522 Wed, 10 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538522 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538523&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19486547%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nigbur D, Lyons E, Uzzell D In an effort to contribute to greater understanding of norms and identity in the theory of planned behaviour, an extended model was used to predict residential kerbside recycling, with self-identity, personal norms, neighbourhood identification, and injunctive and descriptive social norms as additional predictors. Data from a field study (N=527) using questionnaire measures of predictor variables and an observational measure of recycling behaviour supported the theory. Intentions predicted behaviour, while attitudes, perceived control, and the personal norm predicted intention to recycle. The interaction between neighbourhood identification and injunctive social norms in turn predicted personal norms. Self-identity and the descriptive social norm si... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538523 Thu, 28 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538523 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538524&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19433010%26dopt%3DAbstract This article employs a critical psycho-discursive approach to social identity processes and subjectivity in an important and under-researched area; the psychological impact of domestic violence on children. We use a case study of interview interaction with two teenage brothers talking about their father's past violent behaviour to show that a highly idealised, dominant form of hegemonic masculinity - 'heroic protection discourse' (HPD) - was a major organising principle framing both brothers' understandings of events. However, significant differences occurred in how each boy identified and made sense of self and others within this discourse. We discuss our findings in terms of (1) the destructive power of HPD to position sons as responsible for a father's violent behaviour and (2) the util... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538524 Thu, 07 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538524 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538525&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19426582%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Britt TW, McKibben ES, Greene-Shortridge TM, Beeco A, Bodine A, Calcaterra J, Evers T, McNab J, West A Three studies examined the relationship between engagement in different types of tasks, performance on those tasks, and reactions to performance outcomes. The three studies included voting in the 2004 presidential election, test performance in an undergraduate course, and completion of personal projects during the course of the semester. Engagement in voting predicted voting in the presidential election and magnified positive feelings of voting for the winning candidate. Test engagement predicted performance on the test, and magnified positive feelings of not showing a discrepancy between expected and actual test performance. Engagement in personal projects interacted with ta... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538525 Wed, 06 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538525 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538527&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19397843%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Stapel DA, Joly JF, Lindenberg SM In two studies we show that people make environments norm-relevant and this increases the likelihood that environments influence norm-relevant judgments. When people see environments without having people on their mind, this effect does not occur. Specifically, when exposed to an environment (a library), people's perceived importance of environment-relevant norms (be silent in libraries) increases, when the concept of 'people' is primed compared to when this is not the case. The impact on normative judgments of priming significant others (Study 1) is stronger than priming people in general (Study 2). Additional effects on conformism and public self-consciousness are discussed, as well as implications for future studies. PMID: 19397843 [Pub... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538527 Fri, 24 Apr 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538527 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538526&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19397844%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined predictors of political attitude change by assessing the independent and interactive effect of social dominance orientation (SDO) as a context-dependent versus an individual difference construct. In a longitudinal study, British students' political orientation was assessed before entering university (T1) and after being at university for 2 months (T2) and 6 months (T3; N=109). Results showed that initial SDO (T1) did not predict political attitudes change nor did it predict self-selected entry into course with hierarchy enhancing or hierarchy-attenuating ideologies. More support was obtained for a contextually determined model whereby SDO (T2) mediated the relationship between social class (T1) and political attitude change (T3). We also found support for mediated moderation in... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538526 Fri, 24 Apr 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538526 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538528&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19364442%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cihangir S, Barreto M, Ellemers N Two experiments examine how experimentally induced differences in state self-esteem moderate emotional and behavioural responses to ambiguous and unambiguous discrimination. Study 1 (N=108) showed that participants who were exposed to ambiguous discrimination report more negative self-directed emotions when they have low compared to high self-esteem. These differences did not emerge when participants were exposed to unambiguous discrimination. Study 2 (N=118) additionally revealed that self-esteem moderated the effect of ambiguous discrimination on self-concern, task performance, and self-stereotyping. Results show that ambiguous discrimination caused participants with low self-esteem to report more negative self-directed emotions, more self-c... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538528 Fri, 10 Apr 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538528 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538529&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19358744%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Keer M, van den Putte B, Neijens P Both affective and cognitive evaluations of behaviours have been allocated various positions in theoretical models of decision making. Most often, they have been studied as direct determinants of either intention or overall evaluation, but these two possible positions have never been compared. The aim of this study was to determine whether affective and cognitive evaluations influence intention directly, or whether their influence is mediated by overall evaluation. A sample of 300 university students filled in questionnaires on their affective, cognitive, and overall evaluations in respect of 20 health behaviours. The data were interpreted using mediation analyses with the application of path modelling. Both affective and cognitive evaluation... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538529 Tue, 07 Apr 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538529 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2290977&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19302731%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Turner RN, Crisp RJ Recent research has demonstrated that imagining intergroup contact can be sufficient to reduce explicit prejudice directed towards out-groups. In this research, we examined the impact of contact-related mental imagery on implicit prejudice as measured by the implicit association test. We found that, relative to a control condition, young participants who imagined talking to an elderly stranger subsequently showed more positive implicit attitudes towards elderly people in general. In a second study, we demonstrated that, relative to a control condition, non-Muslim participants who imagined talking to a Muslim stranger subsequently showed more positive implicit attitudes towards Muslims in general. We discuss the implications of these findings for furthering ... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2290977 Thu, 19 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2290977 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2279906&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19296878%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Johnston L, Miles L, Macrae CN In three experiments, we investigated the spontaneous attention of perceivers to the nature of targets' facial expressions, specifically whether they were displaying an enjoyment or a non-enjoyment smile. Further, we investigated the social functions of sensitivity to smile type and the consequences of such sensitivity for subsequent interactions. Results demonstrated that perceivers did indeed spontaneously attend to smile type, especially in situations where issues of trust or cooperation were made salient. Further, this sensitivity had an impact both on the evaluations of the target individuals and the cooperative behaviour of individuals towards those displaying enjoyment and non-enjoyment smiles. Participants evaluated individuals displaying... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2279906 Tue, 17 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2279906 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2242698&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19261207%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Saminaden A, Loughnan S, Haslam N Historically, traditional people have often been likened to animals and children. A study employing implicit social cognition methods examined whether these associations endure in a more subtle, implicit form. Consistent with colonial era portrayals of indigenous and other traditional people as 'primitives' or 'savages', participants continued to associate them with animal- and child-related stimuli more readily than people from modern, industrialized societies. In addition, traditional people were ascribed fewer uniquely human attributes than their modern counterparts. These findings, replicated with verbal and pictorial representations of the traditional/modern distinction, were independent of any positive or negative evaluation of tradition... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2242698 Tue, 03 Mar 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2242698 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2148269&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19178758%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cuddy AJ, Fiske ST, Kwan VS, Glick P, Demoulin S, Leyens JP, Bond MH, Croizet JC, Ellemers N, Sleebos E, Htun TT, Kim HJ, Maio G, Perry J, Petkova K, Todorov V, Rodríguez-Bailón R, Morales E, Moya M, Palacios M, Smith V, Perez R, Vala J, Ziegler R The stereotype content model (SCM) proposes potentially universal principles of societal stereotypes and their relation to social structure. Here, the SCM reveals theoretically grounded, cross-cultural, cross-groups similarities and one difference across 10 non-US nations. Seven European (individualist) and three East Asian (collectivist) nations (N=1,028) support three hypothesized cross-cultural similarities: (a) perceived warmth and competence reliably differentiate societal group stereotypes; (b) many out-groups receive... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2148269 Sat, 31 Jan 2009 14:26:21 +0100 2148269 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2148270&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19178757%26dopt%3DAbstract This study, a secondary analysis of interview data, seeks to extend discursive work on place-identity by examining the ways in which 14 residents of a small English village talk about themselves and their locale. The locale accommodates an active quarry, and many residents had lodged complaints to the quarry about dust, noise and vibrations from blasting. Attention to the interactional context of the interviews illustrates the ways in which (simply) interviewing people about their locale can threaten self- and place-identity. When asked about life in the village, interviewees oriented to two main dilemmas in protecting self- and place-identity: (1) how to justify continued residence in a challenging environment and (2) how to complain about the locale whilst maintaining positive place-iden... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2148270 Wed, 28 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2148270 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2066138&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19108749%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Drace S, Desrichard O, Shepperd JA, Hoorens V Methodological limitations call into question prior evidence that positive moods are associated with greater comparative optimism. Experiments 1-4 tested if mood affects comparative optimism using a mood manipulation that minimized experimenter demand. While the procedure was successful in inducing mood, we found no evidence for a mood effect on comparative optimism. The absence of a mood effect was not due to participants correcting their judgments in response to a presumed mood bias (Experiments 2, 3 and 4) or to participants proactively regulating their mood (Experiments 3 and 4). Experiment 5 compared the mood manipulation of Experiments 1-4 with an autobiographical recall procedure. Although the two methods were equally effect... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2066138 Tue, 23 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2066138 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2054474&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19091163%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Finn M, Henwood K The changing role and practices of men as fathers is a growing subject of interest and debate within academic and everyday responses to contemporary sociocultural change. Prompted by questions about the production of identities and masculinities that accompanies social change, this paper is a psychosocial exploration of the identificatory positionings that are apparent in men's talk of becoming first-time fathers. Our qualitative analysis draws on a sample of 30 heterosexual and variously skilled men aged between 18 and 40 years in Norfolk (UK) who were interviewed as first-time fathers just before and after the birth of their child. We explore aspects of men's identifications within inter-generationally located biographies and associated social and relationa... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2054474 Tue, 16 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2054474 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2042297&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19079951%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Barlow FK, Louis WR, Hewstone M In a sample of White Australians (N=273), cross-group friendship with Aboriginal Australians was associated with reduced cognitions of rejection and intergroup anxiety, and these variables fully mediated the effect of cross-group friendship on conversational avoidance of sensitive intergroup topics, active avoidance of the outgroup, and old-fashioned prejudice. The novel mediator proposed here, cognitions of rejection, predicted intergroup anxiety, and also predicted the three outcome variables via intergroup anxiety. Over and above its indirect effects via anxiety, cognitions of rejection directly predicted both conversational and active avoidance, suggesting that whilst the cognitive and affective mediators are linked, they predict intergroup ... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2042297 Wed, 10 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2042297 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2029277&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19063814%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Burkitt I, Sullivan P In this article, we apply Mikhail Bakhtin's model of a 'divided self' to R.D. Laing's eponymous work on the lived experience of divided selves in 'psychosis'. Both of these authors offer intriguing insights into the fracturing of self through its social relationships (including the 'micro-dialogues' staged for oneself) but from uniquely different perspectives. Bakhtin (1984) uses Dostoevsky's novels as his material for a theory of self, centrally concerned with moments of split identity, crisis, and personal transformation, while Laing relies on his patient's accounts of 'psychosis'. We will outline how two key Bakhtinian divisions of the self (spirit/soul and authoritative/internally persuasive discourse) help to make sense of Laing's descriptions of his... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2029277 Fri, 05 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2029277 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1976988&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19017435%26dopt%3DAbstract This study uses transcripts of interactions recorded between computer technicians and users to investigate the activities related to attribution and problem solving in the context of institutional computer support. We explore how achieving consensual attributions (in the context of diagnosis) is integral to managing moment-to-moment social demands, and how the outcomes are subject to negotiations about the definition of the problem and the nature of the social contract between interactants. We also show that these immediate interactional interests are subject to the longer-term 'moral careers' of the participants which are themselves subject to the roles, obligations, and concerns that participants have by virtue of their social and institutional positions. These immediate and longer-term ... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1976988 Fri, 21 Nov 2008 16:13:40 +0100 1976988 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1976987&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19017436%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fry G, Grogan S, Gough B, Conner M This qualitative study explored how young people (16- to 24-year olds), both smokers and non-smokers, talk about the social role of smoking in their everyday lives. In 22 focus group interviews, 47 high school children and 40 university undergraduates participated. On the basis of analyses, it is proposed that the perceived need to smoke cannot be reduced to addiction; cigarettes appear to play a complex social role in young people's lives. In order to resist smoking, participants highlighted the need to provide an excuse to peers, and some reasons (e.g. an interest in sport for boys) were considered more legitimate than others. Cigarettes (certain brands) were also claimed to be used as a way of controlling other people's perception of smoke... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1976987 Fri, 21 Nov 2008 16:13:35 +0100 1976987 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1976986&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19019278%26dopt%3DAbstract This article has a joint focus on the way both psychological dispositions and matters of potential disability figure in interaction. The study works with a collection of more than fifty telephone calls between a young adult with a learning disability staying in a residential placement and three other members of her family. It focuses on the closing sections of the telephone calls and in particular how pre-closing turns may be designed to display caring. This paper analyses three formats through which pre-closings are delivered; through the use of announcements, interrogatives and imperatives. In each case the pre-closing commonly includes an account which provides a warrant for the impending termination. Detailed comparative study of the closing sequences in a corpus of mundane phone calls... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1976986 Tue, 18 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1976986 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1970536&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19012811%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lönnqvist JE, Walkowitz G, Wichardt P, Lindeman M, Verkasalo M Three studies predicted and found that the individual's conformism values are one determinant of whether behaviour is guided by other personal values or by social norms. In Study 1 (N=50), pro-gay law reform participants were told they were either in a minority or a majority in terms of their attitude towards the law reform. Only participants who were high in conformism values conformed to the group norm on public behaviour intentions. In studies 2 (N=42) and 3 (N=734), participants played multiple choice prisoner's dilemma games with monetary incentives. Only participants who considered conformism values to be relatively unimportant showed the expected connections between universalism values and altruistic be... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1970536 Thu, 13 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1970536 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1956357&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19000358%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tarrant M, Dazeley S, Cottom T Three experiments (N=370) investigated the effects of social categorization on the experience of empathy. In Experiment 1, university students reported their empathy for, and intentions to help, a student who described a distressful experience. As predicted, participants reported stronger empathy and helping intentions when the student belonged to an ingroup compared to an outgroup university. Experiments 2 and 3 demonstrated that stronger empathy for outgroup members was experienced following the activation of an ingroup norm that prescribed the experience of this emotion. Activating this norm also led to the expression of more positive attitudes towards the outgroup (Experiment 3), and empathy fully mediated this effect. These findings indicate... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1956357 Fri, 07 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1956357 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1884271&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18922208%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Redersdorff S, Martinot D The present study examines the effects of group status on self-esteem when individuals are outperformed by an in-group target (Experiments 1 and 2) or an out-group (Experiment 2). The main aim was to examine different self-protective mechanisms when the current standing of the in-group vis-à-vis another group is either unfavourable (low status) or favourable (high status). Experiment 1 showed that when outperformed by an in-group target, the members of a low status group reported higher self-esteem than members of a high status group. Moreover, this effect was mediated by group identification. Experiment 2 replicated the previous results and gave rise to similar effects on investment in the group. The perceived relevance of the comparison group a... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1884271 Tue, 14 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1884271 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1877119&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18851764%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Webb TL, Sheeran P, Luszczynska A Implementation intention formation promotes effective goal striving and goal attainment. However, little research has investigated whether implementation intentions promote behaviour change when people possess strong antagonistic habits. Experiment 1 developed relatively habitual responses that, after a task switch, had a detrimental impact on task performance. Forming an if-then plan reduced the negative impact of habit on performance. However, the effect of forming implementation intentions was smaller among participants who possessed strong habits as compared to participants who had weaker habits. Experiment 2 provided a field test of the role of habit strength in moderating the relationship between implementation intentions and behaviour i... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1877119 Sat, 11 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1877119 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1833940&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18817593%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tileagă C This paper is concerned with the social organization of collective memory and representations of history in the context of how post-communist democracies reckon with former regimes. It specifically centres on the textual accomplishment of coming to terms with the past in the 'Tismăneanu Report' condemning Communism in Romania. The focus is on how the Report displays and shapes the ideological contours of coming to terms with the past around a particular 'social representation' of history. Several constitutive features of the Report that facilitate bringing off a particular 'representation of history' are identified: (a) the construction of a practical framework for the inquiry as a matter of public concern and attention; (b) the production of 'Communism' ... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1833940 Wed, 24 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1833940 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1833939&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18817594%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Corcoran T Are ontological meanings somehow sacrosanct in arguments concerning psychology - particularly those scored by discursive accounts of human being? Or is the purposeful deferment of ontological concerns in discursive psychology (DP) another instance of method-fetishism (Koch, 1981)? Shotter's (1995) understanding of joint action and Chouliaraki's (2002) critical realist account of social action combine to support an alternate position to the predominant discursive psychological approach informed by epistemological constructionism (DPEC). The DPEC position is here contrasted with a discursive psychological approach informed by ontological constructionism (DPOC). Via this distinction, a path for future discursive psychological studies is charted, one which values unders... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1833939 Wed, 24 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1833939 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1833938&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18817595%26dopt%3DAbstract This study explores how children in a predominantly white setting accept and contest representations that race. twenty two children from a range of cultural backgrounds volunteered to discuss their views and experiences of 'race' and racism in a naturalistic research activity. The analysis reveals that racialized difference is something that is constructed as both 'real' - in that it can be seen, touched and even caught from 'the other' and simultaneously something that is constructed, imposed and damaging. This highlights the possibilities for racialized others to take up positions as agents and not (only) as objects of the racializing and racist gaze, and so presents the case for thinking, debating and researching beyond reifying representations of 'race'. This has important lessons for ... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1833938 Wed, 24 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1833938 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1799156&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18793492%26dopt%3DAbstract This study assessed the impact of measuring anticipated regret in addition to intentions and other cognitions on recorded cervical smear attendance rates following invitation in a sample of women. A total of 4,277 women received an invitation for cervical screening and information leaflet: 1,500 of whom also received a standard theory of planned behaviour questionnaire in relation to screening (TPB only group) and a further 1,500 of whom also received a TPB questionnaire plus anticipated regret questions in relation to screening (TPB plus regret group). Total recorded attendance rates indicated significantly higher attendance (ps<.05) in the two experimental groups compared to control (Control, 21%; TPB only, 26%; and TPB plus regret, 26%). However, among those returning questionnaires,... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1799156 Fri, 12 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1799156 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1799155&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18793493%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gibson S, Condor S Theory and research deriving from social identity or self-categorization perspectives often starts out with the presumption that social actors necessarily view societal objects such as nations or states as human categories. However, recent work suggests that this may be only one of a number of forms that societal representation may take. For example, nations may be understood variously as peoples, places, or institutions. This paper presents findings from a qualitative interview study conducted in England, in which soldiers and civilians talked about nationhood in relation to military service. Analysis indicated that, in this context, speakers were often inclined to use the terms 'Britain', 'nation', and 'country' as references to a political institution as ... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1799155 Fri, 12 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1799155 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1795427&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18789182%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gabarrot F, Falomir-Pichastor JM, Mugny G In two studies, we examined the influence of in-group norms of anti- and pro-discrimination on prejudice and discrimination as a function of intergroup similarity (Studies 1 and 2) and in-group identification (Study 2). In a condition where there was no information about intergroup similarity (Study 1) or intergroup similarity was low (Study 2), prejudice and discrimination were lower when norms prescribe anti-discrimination compared to pro-discrimination. In contrast, when intergroup similarity was high, prejudice and discrimination were higher when the in-group norm represents anti-discrimination compared to pro-discrimination. This pattern was most apparent among highly identified in-group members (Study 2). The paradoxical effect o... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1795427 Thu, 11 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1795427 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1795426&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18789183%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Devine-Wright H, Devine-Wright P The aim of this study was to explore everyday thinking about the UK electricity network, in light of government policy to increase the generation of electricity from renewable energy sources. Existing literature on public perceptions of electricity network technologies was broadened by adopting a more socially embedded conception of the construction of knowledge using the theory of social representations (SRT) to explore symbolic associations with network technologies. Drawing and association tasks were administered within nine discussion groups held in two places: a Scottish town where significant upgrades to the local transmission network were planned and an English city with no such plans. Our results illustrate the ways in which network tec... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1795426 Thu, 11 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1795426 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1795425&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18789184%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rice S, Clayton KD, Trafimow D, Keller D, Hughes J Two experiments tested the hypothesis that priming the collective self improves some visual search tasks. In both experiments, participants searched for an O among Qs. The pattern of distracters was manipulated across experiments to allow the possibility of grouping (Experiment 1) or to disallow this possibility (Experiment 2). Consistent with expectations, collective self-priming increased visual search speed when grouping was possible but it had no effect on visual search speed when grouping was not possible. In combination, the data support the notion that collective self-priming makes people more likely to utilize a pattern to facilitate visual search when there is a pattern present to be perceived. PMID: 18789184 [Pub... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1795425 Thu, 11 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1795425 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1795424&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18789185%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Drury J, Cocking C, Reicher S Crowd behaviour in emergencies has previously been explained in terms of either 'mass panic' or strength of pre-existing social bonds. The present paper reports results from a study comparing high- versus low-identification emergency mass emergency survivors to test the interlinked claims (1) that shared identity in an emergency crowd enhances expressions of solidarity and reduces 'panic' behaviour and (2) that such a shared identity can arise from the shared experience of the emergency itself. Qualitative and descriptive quantitative analyses were carried out on interviews with 21 survivors of 11 emergencies. The analysis broadly supports these two claims. The study therefore points to the usefulness of a new approach to mass emergency behaviour,... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1795424 Thu, 11 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1795424 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1656360&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18652735%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Livingstone AG, Spears R, Manstead AS A considerable body of research has shown that group members establish and emphasize characteristics or attributes that define their in-group in relation to comparison out-groups. We extend this research by exploring the range of ways in which members of the same social category (Welsh people) deploy a particular attribute (the Welsh language) as a flexible identity management resource. Through a thematic analysis of data from interviews and two public speeches, we examine how the deployment of the Welsh language is bound up with characterizations of the in-group's wider intergroup position (in terms of power relations and their legitimacy and stability), and one's position within the in-group. We focus in particular on the rhetorical and ... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1656360 Wed, 23 Jul 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1656360 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599312&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18588747%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Paladino MP, Vaes J Both at a conceptual and an empirical level, infra-humanization has been put on par with the relative greater attribution of uniquely human emotions to the in-group, assuming that a group's humanity is exclusively a matter of having uniquely human characteristics. In the present research we suggest that people also adopt another strategy to infra-humanize the out-group by considering those aspects that characterize and differentiate the in-group from the out-group as more uniquely human. In three studies, characteristics presented as typical of the in-group and the out-group were judged on a not uniquely human-uniquely human dimension. In addition to humanity, in Study 3 participants judged in-group and out-group characteristics also on an evaluative dimens... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599312 Thu, 26 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1599312 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599313&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18573225%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kam CC, Bond MH Norms are the socially shared restraints by which human behaviour is regulated. When applied to events involving interpersonal harm, the perceived level of norm violation by a perpetrator will lead to a target's emotional reactions of both anger and shame, with such processes mediated by the target's judgments of his or her loss of face arising from the episode, the perpetrator's intent to harm, and the blame ascribed to the perpetrator. Structural equation modelling (SEM) confirmed this set of linkages with targets of harm from both Hong Kong and the United States reporting on a harmful exchange in their own life, suggesting the generalizability of this model in disparate cultural contexts. PMID: 18573225 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Br... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599313 Fri, 20 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1599313 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599315&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18534046%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Quiamzade A, Mugny G, Darnon C Previous research has shown that low competence sources, compared to highly competent sources, can exert influence in aptitudes tasks in as much as they induce people to focus on the task and to solve it more deeply. Two experiments aimed at testing the coordination between self and source's problem solving strategies as a main explanation of such a difference in influence. The influence of a low versus high competence source has been examined in an anagram task that allows for distinguishing between three response strategies, including one that corresponds to the coordination between the source's strategy and participants' own strategy. In Study 1 the strategy suggested by the source was either relevant and useful or irrelevant and useless for s... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599315 Thu, 05 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1599315 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599316&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18534045%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Thomas EF, McGarty CA This paper adopts an intergroup perspective on helping as collective action to explore the ways to boost motivation amongst people in developed countries to join the effort to combat poverty and preventable disease in developing countries. Following van Zomeren, Spears, Leach, and Fischer's (2004) model of collective action, we investigated the role of norms about an emotional response (moral outrage) and beliefs about efficacy in motivating commitment to take action amongst members of advantaged groups. Norms about outrage and efficacy were harnessed to an opinion-based group identity (Bliuc, McGarty, Reynolds, & Muntele, 2007) and explored in the context of a novel group-based interaction method. Results showed that the group-based interaction boost... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599316 Tue, 03 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1599316 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599362&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17588291%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: van Prooijen JW, Gallucci M, Toeset G The current research examines a moderator who predicts in what situations punishment can have detrimental effects on cooperation. We hypothesized that when a punishment system is perceived as procedurally unfair, people's cooperation level decreases. Results of two experiments indicated that participants cooperated less in a group-based trust game when punishment was inconsistent between persons (i.e. not all group members would be punished for defection) than when punishment was consistent between persons (i.e. any group member who defected would be punished) or when there was no punishment. These effects were mediated by perceived belongingness. The authors conclude that an unfair punishment system leads people to feel marginalized as a ... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599362 Sun, 01 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1599362 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599360&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17599783%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bramesfeld KD, Gasper K Research on mood and information processing reveals two explanations for how moods might influence decision-making in a group. Moods may alter group decision making because happy moods are more likely than sad moods to (a) increase people's reliance on accessible knowledge or (b) broaden people's focus so they can build on their knowledge. Consistent with the hypothesis that happy moods broaden-and-build on people's knowledge, across two experiments, happy moods promoted group performance more than sad moods because happy moods helped group members move beyond their initial preferences and focus broadly on the full range of information that each group member could provide. Experiment 2 built on these findings by demonstrating that the effects of mood on... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599360 Sun, 01 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1599360 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599358&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17621413%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Devos T, Ma DS In four studies, we investigated the role of person construal on the implicit ascription of a national identity. Participants completed Implicit Association Tests (Studies 1 and 3) or Go/No-go Association Tasks (Studies 2 and 4) assessing the extent to which the concept American was linked to an Asian American celebrity (Lucy Liu) and to a White European celebrity (Kate Winslet). In contrast to explicit responses, the Asian American target was implicitly regarded as being less American than the White European target. This effect was more pronounced when targets were categorized based on their ethnic (rather than personal) identity (Studies 1 and 2) and when the exemplars draw attention to the ethnic identity of the Asian American target (Studies 3 and 4). These ... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599358 Sun, 01 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1599358 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599357&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17678574%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Danner UN, Aarts H, de Vries NK This research examined the role of habit and intention in the prediction of future behaviour by analysing that past behaviour frequency moderates the intention-behaviour relationship to the extent that the context in which the behaviour was performed is stable. In two correlational studies, it was found that habit interacted with intention when context stability was taken into account and not when merely past behaviour frequency was considered: intentions guided future behaviour when habits were weak (low frequency or unstable context), while this was not the case when habits were strong (high frequency and stable context). A third exploratory study investigated and confirmed the idea that, if habitual goal-directed behaviour is directly activat... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599357 Sun, 01 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1599357 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599356&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17697447%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: van Zomeren M, Spears R, Leach CW Two studies examined how the relevance of group identity influences two psychological mechanisms of collective action: Emotion- and problem-focused coping with collective disadvantage. Extending Van Zomeren, Spears, Fischer, and Leach's (2004) integrative theoretical model of coping with collective disadvantage, we predicted that when group identity is more relevant to disadvantaged group members, it increases their collective action tendencies through their feelings of group-based anger about their group's disadvantage. When group identity is less relevant and hence emotion-focused coping processes are less likely, group-efficacy beliefs become more predictive of disadvantaged group members' collective action tendencies because people focus m... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599356 Sun, 01 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1599356 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599355&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17697448%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hodson G Individuals high in social dominance orientation (SDO; Sidanius & Pratto, 1999) endorse group hierarchies and social inequality. Surprisingly little research has addressed contextual factors associated with reduced intergroup biases among such individuals. The present investigation considers a Person x Situation approach to this question in two British prisons, exploring the contextual factors outlined in the Contact Hypothesis (Allport, 1954). White inmates scoring higher in SDO exhibited significantly less in-group bias when reporting increased contact with Black inmates (Studies 1 & 2), when perceiving that favourable contact conditions are institutionally supported (Study 1), or when experiencing more pleasant personal interactions with Black inmates (Stud... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599355 Sun, 01 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1599355 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599353&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17761025%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sheldon KM, Filak V Self-report correlational data support self-determination theory's (SDT's) postulate that there are three basic psychological needs, for autonomy, competence, and relatedness, which combine additively to predict well-being and thriving. However, experimental research in the SDT tradition has focused only on autonomy support, not relatedness and competence support. To fill this gap, we employed a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial design within a game-learning experience to predict rated need satisfaction, mood, and motivation, and also objective game performance. Manipulated competence and relatedness support had main effects on most outcomes. Rated competence, relatedness, and autonomy need satisfaction also predicted the outcomes, and the significant experimental main e... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599353 Sun, 01 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1599353 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599314&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18549665%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Steffens MC, Kirschbaum M, Glados P Implicit Association Tests (IATs) are supposed to measure associations between concepts. In order to achieve that aim, participants are required to assign individual stimuli to those concepts under time pressure in two different tasks. Previous research has shown that not only the associations of the concepts with each other, but also the stimuli's cross-category associations influence the observed reaction time difference between these tasks (i.e. the IAT effect). Little is known about adequate stimulus selection. In this article, we introduce a variant of the IAT, the Concept Association Task (CAT) in which the concepts themselves or synonyms of them are used as stimuli. Three experiments on Germans' attitudes towards foreigners yielded ev... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599314 Sun, 01 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1599314 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599317&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18445311%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Obrien LV, McGarty C In two studies we examined justificatory attributions made in the face of political disagreement. Study 1 showed that Australian supporters and opponents of Australian involvement in the 2003 invasion of Iraq made stereotypical attributions that justified the superiority of the in-group over the out-group. Stereotypical attributions were consistent with the justification that the supporters of the war had been misled by dishonest political leaders. Study 2 replicated this pattern with supporters and opponents of Australia's policy of mandatory detention of asylum seekers. It also identified pragmatism as a dimension that dominant, government-aligned, groups may use to justify the superiority of the in-group over the out-group. In both studies political lea... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599317 Mon, 28 Apr 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1599317 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599318&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18435863%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: White KM, Smith JR, Terry DJ, Greenslade JH, McKimmie BM The present research investigated three approaches to the role of norms in the theory of planned behaviour (TPB). Two studies examined the proposed predictors of intentions to engage in household recycling (Studies 1 and 2) and reported recycling behaviour (Study 1). Study 1 tested the impact of descriptive and injunctive norms (personal and social) and the moderating role of self-monitoring on norm-intention relations. Study 2 examined the role of group norms and group identification and the moderating role of collective self on norm-intention relations. Both studies demonstrated support for the TPB and the inclusion of additional normative variables: attitudes; perceived behavioural control; descriptive; and personal i... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599318 Wed, 23 Apr 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1599318 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599380&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17535457%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Papadopoulos D This paper explores a threefold shift in our understanding of identity formation and self-relationality: from an essentialist understanding of identity, to discursive and constructivist approaches, to, finally, the notion of embodied subjectification. The main target of this paper is to historicize these ideas and to localize them in the current social and political conditions of North-Atlantic societies. The core argument is that these three steps in reformulating the concept of identity correspond to an emerging form of subjectivity, affirmative subjectivity, which is bound to the proliferation of the post-Fordist reorganization of the social and political realm. The three theoretical shifts and their social situatedness will be illustrated through a rereading... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599380 Sat, 01 Mar 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1599380 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599379&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17535458%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Livingstone A, Haslam SA Two studies (N=117, 112) were conducted with school students in Northern Ireland to investigate the neglected relationship between social identity content and intergroup relations. Study 1 tested and found support for two hypotheses. The first was that the association between in-group identification and negative behavioural intentions would be moderated by antagonistic identity content. The second was that the antagonistic identity content mediates the relationship between the experience of intergroup antagonism and negative behavioural intentions. Study 2 replicated these findings at a time of reduced intergroup violence, and supplemented them with a qualitative-quantitative analysis of participants' written responses. In addition, findings demonstrat... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599379 Sat, 01 Mar 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1599379 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599378&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17535459%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Seaton M, Marsh HW, Dumas F, Huguet P, Monteil JM, Régner I, Blanton H, Buunk AP, Gibbons FX, Kuyper H, Suls J, Wheeler L Blanton, Buunk, Gibbons, and Kuyper (1999) and Huguet, Dumas, Monteil, and Genestoux (2001) found that children nominated a social comparison target who slightly outperformed them in class with a beneficial effect on course grades - an assimilation effect, but with no effects on self-evaluation. However, big-fish-little-pond effect (BFLPE) research has shown that attending a high-ability school has a negative effect on academic self-concept--a contrast effect. To resolve this apparent conflict, the present investigation (1) tested the BFLPE in the Netherlands and France, using nationally representative samples (Study 1) and (2) further analysed (using ... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599378 Sat, 01 Mar 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1599378 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599376&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17535461%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fielding KS, Terry DJ, Masser BM, Hogg MA The present research integrates core aspects of social identity theory with the theory of planned behaviour to investigate factors influencing engagement in sustainable agricultural practices. Using a two-wave prospective design, two studies were conducted with samples of farmers (N = 609 and N = 259, respectively). At Time 1, a questionnaire survey assessed theory of planned behaviour variables in relation to engaging in riparian zone management (a sustainable agricultural practice). In addition, intergroup perceptions (i.e. relations between rural and urban groups), group norms and group identification were assessed. At Time 2, self-reported behaviour was measured. There was support for the integrated model across both studies. As pr... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599376 Sat, 01 Mar 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1599376 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599364&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17588289%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Swaab RI, Postmes T, Spears R Based on the recently proposed Interactive Model of Identity Formation, we examine how top-down deductive and bottom-up inductive identity formations influence intentions and behaviour in multiparty negotiations. Results show that a shared identity can be deduced from the social context through recognition of superordinate similarities. However, shared identities can also be induced by intragroup processes in which individuals get acquainted with one another on an interpersonal basis. Both top-down and bottom-up processes led to the formation of a sense of shared identity, and this in turn exerted a positive influence on behavioural intentions and actual behaviour in multiparty negotiations. PMID: 17588289 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Sourc... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599364 Sat, 01 Mar 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1599364 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599363&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17588290%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dijkstra A, Buunk AP Engaging in a behaviour that has negative physical consequences is considered to be a threat to the self because it makes the self appear inadequate and non-adaptive. This self-threat is experienced as self-evaluative emotions. The self-threat can be removed by refraining from the unhealthy behaviour. The experience of self-threat influences behaviour because it contributes to expectations about the occurrence of self-evaluative emotions in the case of behaviour change. The results of Study 1, conducted among 503 smokers, showed that self-evaluative emotions were the central predictor of quitting activity during a 7-month period, among measures related to the negative consequences of smoking. The results of Study 2, conducted among 409 smokers, showed that... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599363 Sat, 01 Mar 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1599363 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599361&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17594757%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Prestwich A, Perugini M, Hurling R Models such as the Extended Model of Goal-Directed Behaviour and the Theory of Planned Behaviour imply that the impact of one's goals on behaviour is mediated by more proximal determinants. We hypothesize that goals can have a broader and more dynamic impact on behaviour and, specifically, that goal desires can moderate the effect of intentions on behaviour. Four studies addressed this issue by examining the direct and moderated effects of goal desires on behaviour. All of the studies required participants to complete baseline measures and then a follow-up indicator of behaviour. In Study 1 (N=119) that focused on fruit intake, Study 2 (N=123) and Study 3 (N=96) concerned with drinking alcohol and Study 4 (N=109) regarding snack consumption, ... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599361 Sat, 01 Mar 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1599361 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599333&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18042310%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: van Harreveld F, van der Pligt J, Nordgren L In two studies, we examined the role of social comparisons in regret management. In the first study, participants received a (relatively) negative outcome after which they were presented with base-rate information about the performance of other participants in the experiment. Results showed that experienced regret decreased as a result of base-rate information showing that most others made even worse decisions than oneself. In the second study, we investigated whether people actively seek this kind of consensual information to validate their decision. After inducing regret by means of a manipulated outcome in a trivia quiz, participants could obtain information about the outcomes of previous participants or about the type of items u... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599333 Sat, 01 Mar 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1599333 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599319&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18302807%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pehrson S, Brown R, Zagefka H Two studies were carried out in UK to investigate the role of essentialist national group definitions in determining the effect of national identification on prejudice towards immigrants, and asylum seekers in particular. It was expected that the relationship between national identification and prejudice would depend on the degree to which participants endorse an essentialist ('ethnic') definition of their nationality. Consistent with this, Study 1 (N=154) found that national identification is associated with negativity towards asylum seekers only among individuals who endorse an essentialist conception of the group, and shows no significant association with prejudice among those who reject such a conception. Study 2 (N=219) used a longitudinal de... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599319 Tue, 26 Feb 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1599319 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599320&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18284782%26dopt%3DAbstract This study uses integrated threat theory to examine Dutch adolescents' (N=1,187) prejudice towards Muslim minorities. One out of two participants was found to have negative feelings towards Muslims. Perceived symbolic and realistic threat and negative stereotypes were examined as mediators between antecedent factors (in-group identification, intergroup contact, and the endorsement of multiculturalism) and prejudice. Based on structural equation modelling, it was found that stereotypes and symbolic threats, but not realistic threats, predicted prejudice towards Muslims. Further, it was found that the effect of in-group identification on prejudice was fully mediated by symbolic threat, the effect of contact was partially mediated by stereotypes, and the effect of the endorsement of multicult... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599320 Tue, 19 Feb 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1599320 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599322&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18282370%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hopkins N, Kahani-Hopkins V Much psychological research employs the categories of extremism and moderation as categories of analysis (e.g. to identify the psychological bases for and consequences of holding certain positions). This paper argues these categorizations inevitably reflect one's values and taken-for-granted assumptions about social reality and that their use as analytic categories limits our ability to explore what is really important: social actors' own constructions of social reality. In turn we argue that if we are to focus on this latter, there may be merit in exploring how social actors themselves use the categories of moderation and extremism to construct their own terms of reference. That is we propose to re-conceptualize the categories of moderation and ext... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599322 Fri, 15 Feb 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1599322 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599321&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18282371%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Churchill S, Jessop D, Sparks P This prospective study tested the prediction that impulsivity would contribute to the prediction of behaviour over and above key variables from an extended theory of planned behaviour (TPB) model. At Time 1, participants completed a questionnaire including measures of TPB constructs related to the avoidance of high-calorie snacks, in addition to measures of impulsivity and dietary restraint. At Time 2, participants (N=315) completed a questionnaire assessing their snacking behaviour over the previous 2 weeks. Results revealed that impulsivity significantly contributed to the prediction of behaviour over and above TPB constructs, with those higher in impulsivity being more likely to snack. This relationship was not moderated by behavioural intent... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599321 Fri, 15 Feb 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1599321 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599323&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18171502%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Morton TA, Hornsey MJ, Postmes T Past research has demonstrated a broad association between prejudice and essentialism. However, research has also shown that essentialism and prejudice are not always linked in the same way - sometimes essentialist thinking is associated with prejudice, but sometimes it is not. The aim of the present research was to explore experimentally how prejudice might relate to essentialist beliefs about race differently depending on how race is being used (inclusively or exclusively) and who is the implied target of such treatment (ethnic minorities or the white majority). Study 1 (N=178) demonstrated that, although prejudice among white Australians is typically related to essentialist beliefs about Aboriginal identity, this relationship disappeared whe... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599323 Wed, 02 Jan 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1599323 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599324&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18166140%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Grant PR Currently in Canada, there is a widespread underemployment among foreign-trained immigrants. This is because potential employers often have to evaluate unfamiliar foreign qualifications that, regrettably, are often misunderstood and undervalued. This questionnaire study tested a model that integrates relative deprivation theory with social identity theory to predict the degree to which skilled migrants from Asia and Africa with credentialing problems protest this systemic discriminatory barrier (N=180). In the model, the strength of cultural and national identifications are conceptualized as opposing motivational forces that, along with collective relative deprivation (CRD), directly impact protest intentions. As well, the model specifies that the so-called 'affective... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599324 Sat, 29 Dec 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1599324 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599325&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18163950%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Smith JR, Louis WR Past research on the social identity approach to attitude-behaviour relations has operationalized group norms as a mixture of both descriptive information (i.e. what most people do themselves) and injunctive information (i.e. what most people approve of). Two experiments (Study 1=185 participants; Study 2=238 participants) were conducted to tease apart the relative effects of descriptive and injunctive group norms. In both studies, university students' attitudes towards current campus issues were obtained, the descriptive and injunctive group norms were manipulated, and participants' post-manipulation attitudes, behavioural willingness, and behaviour were assessed. Study 2 also examined the role of norm source (i.e. in-group vs. out-group injunctive and desc... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599325 Thu, 27 Dec 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1599325 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599326&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18158859%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Prestwich A, Kenworthy JB, Wilson M, Kwan-Tat N Contact with out-group members has been associated with more favourable explicit attitudes towards the out-group in general, largely via the mediation of reduced intergroup anxiety. In addition, there is now a growing body of evidence suggesting that contact relates to automatically activated evaluations termed implicit attitudes. However, research has not fully illuminated the mechanisms through which contact with the out-group members impacts on implicit attitudes. A study investigating this issue assessed White participants' (N=105) explicit attitudes, implicit attitudes, intergroup anxiety, and contact quantity and quality about Asians. Greater contact quality was related to more positive explicit attitudes, while contact qua... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599326 Mon, 24 Dec 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1599326 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599328&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18096108%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Webb TL, Sheeran P Although considerable evidence suggests that forming an implementation intention increases rates of goal attainment, less research has examined the mechanisms that underlie these effects. The present research investigated the role of deliberative processes and accessibility of plan components as explanation for the relationship between implementation intentions and goal achievement. Study 1 used meta-analysis to quantify the effects of implementation intentions on goal intentions and self-efficacy. The results of 66 tests suggested that forming implementation intentions had negligible effects on both variables. Study 2 focused on the accessibility of plan components and found that the effect of implementation intentions on goal achievement was mediated simul... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599328 Tue, 18 Dec 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1599328 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599327&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18096109%26dopt%3DAbstract ConclusionsIn contrast to examining only one facet of change, this study is the first to differentiate two components of change in health behaviour self-regulation: a systematic trend component, and a component representing within-person unsystematic fluctuations. Thus, results of the present study provide a comprehensive picture of the dynamic relations between motivational, volitional, and behavioural characteristics which occur between and within persons. PMID: 18096109 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology) The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599327 Tue, 18 Dec 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1599327 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599329&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18086337%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dewitte M, De Houwer J, Buysse A, Koster EH In two experiments, participants made symbolic approach and avoidance movements towards or away from attachment figure- and acquaintance-related cues after being primed with a distressing or a non-distressing context. Results showed that automatic approach responses towards the attachment figure were stronger in a distressing than in a non-distressing context, regardless of whether the source of distress was attachment-relevant or -irrelevant and regardless of one's attachment style. Individual differences in attachment anxiety and avoidance were associated with the predicted patterns of approach-avoidance tendencies: attachment anxiety heightened the tendency to approach the attachment Figure (Experiments 1 and 2), whereas attachmen... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599329 Fri, 14 Dec 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1599329 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599330&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18070375%26dopt%3DAbstract This study presents an analysis of articles written by prominent members of the British National Party. Each of these articles discussed Muslims and Islam in the aftermath of the 7 July 2005 London bombings. Two prominent discursive themes are discussed here. The first concerned the writers' constructions of the threat that Muslims and Islam pose to Britain. Central to this theme were constructions of Muslims as 'fascists', anti-white racists, and all potentially dangerous, although there was variability in this. Using the Koran as evidence, the articles present a vision of a faith which intends to take over the country; in this way, a homogenous, culturally essentialist version of Muslims is worked up. The second theme illustrates how the writers challenge those who believe that creating ... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599330 Fri, 07 Dec 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1599330 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599388&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17535449%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hurley AL, Sullivan P, McCarthy J In this article, we use the exemplar of domestic violence to examine the construction of self online. To do this, a positional approach to language is combined with a Bakhtinian inspired, phenomenological approach to language. Such an approach is designed to capture both the rhetorical and the intoned quality of language. This approach also draws attention to the role of the assumed community in dialogically interrupting and reflexively structuring the construction of self online. From this conceptual perspective, we examine a variety of posted messages to the public bulletin boards of a number of different online support groups for domestic violence. Three interpenetrating analytic themes emerged from this analysis: (1) The construction of se... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599388 Sat, 01 Dec 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1599388 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599387&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17535450%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Horton-Salway M This paper examines the discourse of morality surrounding 'ME' as a contested illness, looking at how GPs and ME group members differentiate between the category of 'genuine ME sufferer' and the 'bandwagon'. 'Jumping on the bandwagon' is a metaphor commonly used to describe the activity of 'following the crowd' in order to gain an advantage. This discursive analysis shows how 'bandwagon' categories are constructed in contrast to the category of genuine sufferer. People who jump on the bandwagon are accused of matching their symptoms to media stereotypes, adopting trendy illnesses ('fads'), or using 'tickets' to avoid facing up to psychological illnesses. Both GPs and ME group members construct a differential moral ordering of physical and psychological illness ... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599387 Sat, 01 Dec 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1599387 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599386&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17535451%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Taylor SA Social science attempts to incorporate emotions into models of judgment and decision making have faced significant theoretical challenges, as well as produced conflicting empirical results. The following study first contributes to the body of knowledge by providing a theoretical explanation for the observed conflicting results from such models. In fact, both extant theory and the results reported herein suggest that a certain amount of variability in results should be expected from empirical investigations based on such models, particularly related to differences in respondents' level of affective versus cognitive involvement. Second, an argument is presented for considering a special case of Perugini and Bagozzi's (2001) Model of Goal-directed Behaviours (MGBs) when... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599386 Sat, 01 Dec 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1599386 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599385&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17535452%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Marcu A, Lyons E, Hegarty P Theories of dehumanization generally assume a single clear-cut, value-free and non-dilemmatic boundary between the categories 'human' and 'animal'. The present study highlights the relevance of dilemmas involved in drawing that boundary. In six focus groups carried out in Romania and Britain, 42 participants were challenged to think about dilemmas pertaining to animal and human life. Four themes were identified: rational autonomy, sentience, speciesism and maintaining materialist and post-materialist values. Sentience made animals resemble humans, while humans' rational autonomy made them distinctive. Speciesism underlay the human participants' prioritization of their own interests over those of animals, and a conservative consensus that the existin... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599385 Sat, 01 Dec 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1599385 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599384&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17535453%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tunariu AD, Reavey P This paper explores the notion of sexual boredom through combining the use of qualitative and quantitative methods. Drawing on ideas from discursive psychology, we provide an interpretative reading of both numerical and textual data obtained via a postal questionnaire. Within the mixed-methods strategy adopted here, the questionnaire is treated as a medium that can deliver interesting material about prevalent linguistic resources, their content and pattern of use, available to romantic partners in making sense of sexual boredom. A total of 144 women and 66 men from the general population completed a set of structured questions, including a Sexual Boredom Scale (SBS; Watt & Ewing, 1996), followed by an open-ended question prompting more elaborated views... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599384 Sat, 01 Dec 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1599384 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599382&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17535455%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bowskill M, Lyons E, Coyle A Viewing traditional acculturation literature through a social constructionist lens, the present paper identifies a number of limitations with this research. A discourse analytic approach to acculturation is offered as a means of addressing some of these issues. Drawing on examples taken from British print media debate surrounding the issue of faith schooling in the UK, an analysis is presented which illustrates the manner in which, though optimally positioned within acculturative moral hierarchies directed towards the legitimization of both pro- and anti-faith schooling debates, integration rhetoric often conceals the (re-)production of a more implicit assimilationism. Findings are discussed in terms of their implications for hegemonically structur... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599382 Sat, 01 Dec 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1599382 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599381&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17535456%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tileagă C This paper focuses on some of the issues that arise when one treats notions such as depersonalization, delegitimization and dehumanization as social practices. It emphasizes the importance of: (a) understanding depersonalizing, delegitimizing and dehumanizing constructions as embedded in descriptions of located spatial activities and moral standings in the world and (b) invoking and building a socio-moral order linked to notions of lesser humanity or non-humanity, (spatial) transgression and abjection. These concerns are illustrated by taking talk on Romanies as a case in point from interviews with Romanian middle-class professionals. It is argued that a focus on description rather than explanation might be more effective in understanding the dynamics of ideolo... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599381 Sat, 01 Dec 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1599381 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599377&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17535460%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Summers M Western Australia's Acts Amendment (Lesbian and Gay Law Reform) Bill 2001 delivered a measure of legal equality in such areas as property transfer, superannuation, inheritance and discrimination, and more controversially, adoption, lesbian access to IVF, lowering the age of consent for sex between men from 21 to 16, and incorporating information on homosexuality into high school sex education classes. This paper examines the use of various moral principles within parliamentary speeches supporting or opposing the legislation, and the extent to which they were treated by members as beyond question, or 'rhetorically self-sufficient'. The resources of 'equality', 'human rights', 'democracy', 'the interests of the majority' and 'the interests of children' were given a kin... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599377 Sat, 01 Dec 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1599377 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599332&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18062847%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hornsey MJ, Frederiks E, Smith JR, Ford L This paper explores the strategic processes associated with responding to group criticism. In Experiment 1, Australians received criticism of their country from either an in-group or an out-group member. When participants believed their evaluations of the criticisms were private, they reported being more defensive when criticized by an out-group relative to an in-group member. However, this intergroup sensitivity effect disappeared on some measures when participants were led to believe their evaluations of the criticisms could be seen by an in-group audience. In Experiment 2, which focused on participants' identity as social science students, the attenuation of the intergroup sensitivity effect emerged only when the in-group audience w... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599332 Sat, 01 Dec 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1599332 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599331&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18062848%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Smith JR, Hogg MA, Martin R, Terry DJ Two studies were conducted to examine the impact of subjective uncertainty on conformity to group norms in the attitude-behaviour context. In both studies, subjective uncertainty was manipulated using a deliberative mindset manipulation (McGregor, Zanna, Holmes, & Spencer, 2001). In Study 1 (N=106), participants were exposed to either an attitude-congruent or an attitude-incongruent in-group norm. In Study 2 (N=83), participants were exposed to either a congruent, incongruent, or an ambiguous in-group norm. Ranges of attitude-behaviour outcomes, including attitude-intention consistency and change in attitude-certainty, were assessed. In both studies, levels of group-normative behaviour varied as a function of uncertainty condition. In ... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599331 Sat, 01 Dec 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1599331 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599334&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18039428%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sandberg T, Conner M This paper details the results of a meta-analysis incorporating all the appropriately augmented TPB studies in order to statistically determine the additive effects of anticipated regret (AR) both to the prediction of intentions after the TPB variables and to the direct impacts on behaviour. Over a number of studies there was a strong AR-intention relationship (r+=.47, k=25, N=11,254), and AR significantly and independently added to the prediction of intentions over and above the TPB variables; there was a moderate relationship between AR and behaviour (r+=.28, k=8, N=2,035) with AR having a direct and significant impact on prospective behaviour, and there was support for the unique contribution of AR even when accounting for attitude. Implications and iss... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599334 Sat, 24 Nov 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1599334 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599335&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18034916%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wohl MJ, Enzle ME In the present set of studies, we investigated how perceptions of other people's luck are used in an attempt to maximize one's own outcomes. Specifically, it was hypothesized that people will defer to a lucky other in games of chance to maximize winning potential, i.e. the illusion of control by proxy. In Experiment 1, participants were told that they would receive a scratch-and-win lottery ticket as a gratuity for participating. As hypothesized, participants were more likely to allow a confederate to either pick their lottery ticket if they perceived the confederate to be personally lucky than if such perceptions where not facilitated. In Experiments 2 and 3, participants interacted with a confederate over the Internet. As predicted, participants were more l... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599335 Thu, 22 Nov 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1599335 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599336&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17949533%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Finn M, Malson H This paper is a critical exploration of the discursive and socio-historical practice of 'dyadic-containment' as a principle index for how we know, experience, and authenticate romantic relationships. Making intelligible an 'authentic' relationship as something which is fixed, enclosed, and exclusive, the pervasive principle of dyadic-containment has considerable implications for what it means to live out 'authentic' but ostensibly liberated relationships. Using post-structuralist discourse analysis to explore ways in which people can account for their consensual non-monogamous relationships (same and cross-sex, dyadic and non-dyadic), we critique the liberal-humanist framework from which such relationships can be played out. In that dyadic-containment as an as... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599336 Thu, 18 Oct 2007 04:00:00 +0100 1599336 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599338&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17945040%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rodgers WM, Murray TC Perceptions of control hold a dominant position in social cognitive theories yet there is a lack of conceptual and empirical clarity regarding what kind of control is most associated with particular behaviours. Three prominent types of control are perceived control (PC), perceived difficulty (PD), and perceived confidence or self-efficacy (SE) for performing the desired behaviour. Three studies are presented with a primary goal of distinguishing PC, PD, and SE from each other, and a secondary goal of determining which of the three is the superior predictor of health-related intentions and behaviours. The first study replicates earlier work by Trafimow et al. (British Journal of Social Psychology, 41, 101-121) distinguishing the three constructs for readin... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599338 Wed, 17 Oct 2007 04:00:00 +0100 1599338 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599337&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17945041%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Green EG, Clémence A The purpose of this paper is to study the diffusion and transformation of scientific information in everyday discussions. Based on rumour models and social representations theory, the impact of interpersonal communication and pre-existing beliefs on transmission of the content of a scientific discovery was analysed. In three experiments, a communication chain was simulated to investigate how laypeople make sense of a genetic discovery first published in a scientific outlet, then reported in a mainstream newspaper and finally discussed in groups. Study 1 (N=40) demonstrated a transformation of information when the scientific discovery moved along the communication chain. During successive narratives, scientific expert terminology disappeared while scie... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599337 Wed, 17 Oct 2007 04:00:00 +0100 1599337 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599339&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17915044%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bogaert S, Boone C, Declerck C Social psychologists have long recognized that people fundamentally differ with respect to their social value orientation (SVO), that is, self-regarding versus other regarding preferences, and that these differences affect cooperative behaviour in situations of interdependence. In this paper, we systematically review the vast number of findings on SVO and cooperation, and synthesize the state of the art by presenting an integrated conceptual model that may explain why and when people with different social values select different behavioural strategies in social dilemmas. Specifically, building on Pruitt and Kimmel's (1977) goal/expectation theory and our review of the literature, we suggest that the relationship between SVO and cooperative behavi... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599339 Wed, 03 Oct 2007 04:00:00 +0100 1599339 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599340&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17880753%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Friese M, Hofmann W, Wänke M Recent theories in social psychology suggest that explicitly measured attitudes are particularly valuable for the prediction of deliberate, controlled behaviour. In contrast, implicitly measured attitudes are assumed to be more important for the prediction of less controlled, more impulsive behaviour. Yet, conclusive evidence for the differential predictive validity of both measures is scarce. We hypothesized that limitations of different control resources would lead to functionally equivalent effects. In Study 1, cognitive capacity moderated the predictive validity of both explicit and implicit attitude measures in a choice task. The self-regulatory resources led to similar patterns for eating (Study 2) and drinking behaviour (Study 3). In ad... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599340 Tue, 18 Sep 2007 04:00:00 +0100 1599340 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599351&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17845736%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined social psychological factors contributing to the restoration of the intergroup relationship between Protestants and Catholics in Northern Ireland. A theoretical model of reconciliation orientation (ROM) was developed, with intergroup forgiveness and subjective evaluation of past violence as the main precursors of that orientation. Data from a Northern Irish sample (N=318) validated and extended the model. Forgiveness and evaluation of past violence were predicted by 'competitive victimhood' (a belief in having suffered more than the out-group), negatively and positively, respectively. These associations were fully accounted for by the strength of identification with the in-group and trust in the out-group. Empathy functioned mainly as a direct predictor of forgiveness. The theo... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599351 Fri, 07 Sep 2007 04:00:00 +0100 1599351 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599352&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17784994%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fogarty K, Augoustinos M This paper presents findings from a discursive analysis of Hansard recordings of the public hearings of the Australian Public Inquiry into Child Custody. Using a synthesis of membership categorization analysis, sequential conversation analysis, and rhetorical analysis, the study shows how two witnesses, and the committee members they interacted with, oriented to a normative requirement to talk in terms of being motivated by children's interests. Building on discursive psychological research into ways that categories-in-talk can imply and infer things about psychological concepts such as motive and identity, this paper shows how motive and identity were a salient participants' concern in a setting where an important social issue was being contested. A u... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599352 Mon, 03 Sep 2007 04:00:00 +0100 1599352 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599383&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17535454%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Flowers P, Langdridge D Narratives of homophobia and the repathologization of gay men now emerge and coalesce in often unconsidered ways. Within this paper, we present a deconstructive analysis of a recent paper published within the British Journal of Social Psychology (Crossley, 2004) and highlight how a narrative of repathology emerges through the selective appropriation of particular textual sources. By employing pathological constructions of sexual conduct between men; focusing upon singular homogenized constructions of gay men and simplistic constructions of health promotion and through a process of reconstructing HIV as a gay plague and it is possible to embroider a moral tale which constitutes a further deviant 'othering' of gay men. We contend that by employing (functi... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599383 Sat, 01 Sep 2007 04:00:00 +0100 1599383 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599359&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17609018%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gillespie A There is a widely recognized tendency for people to positively differentiate Self from Other. The present paper asks: What counter dynamic constrains this othering tendency? A phenomenon, termed identification through differentiation is presented in which the positive differentiation of Self from Other collapses in a moment of identification. This phenomenon is demonstrated and explored using quasi-naturalistic group discussions with tourists in India. Three excerpts are analysed. The first demonstrates a tourist's attempt to positively differentiate him from other tourists. The second demonstrates how such an effort can collapse in a moment of identification with the previously derogated 'other' tourists. The third is used to explore how issues of self-presentatio... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599359 Sat, 01 Sep 2007 04:00:00 +0100 1599359 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599350&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17877849%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wooffitt R This paper reports findings from a conversation analytic study of experimenter-participant interaction in parapsychology experiments. It shows how properties of communication through which the routine business of the experiment is conducted may have an impact on the research participant's subsequent performance. In this, the study explores social psychological features of the psychology laboratory. In particular, it examines aspects of Orne's (1962) account of what he called the demand characteristics of the psychological experiment. The data come from a corpus of audio recordings of experimenter-participant interaction during experiments on extra-sensory perception. These kinds of experiments, and the phenomena they purport to study, are undoubtedly controversial; ... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599350 Sat, 01 Sep 2007 04:00:00 +0100 1599350 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599349&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17877850%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rink F, Ellemers N In this paper, we present an experimental study that examines the influence of work-goal differences and informational differences on the formation of a common identity in dyads. We show that when both kinds of differences are present within a dyad, these differences-- just like similarities--come to be seen as defining dyadic features. Furthermore, mediational analysis shows that as the accumulation of differences results in a clearer conception of the dyad, it fosters dyadic identification. This is not the case when dyad members only differ from each other in one respect (i.e. either in work goals or information), while remaining similar in the other. The results are explained in the light of recent insights and developments in the social identity traditio... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599349 Sat, 01 Sep 2007 04:00:00 +0100 1599349 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599348&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17877851%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Reynolds KJ, Turner JC, Haslam SA, Ryan MK, Bizumic B, Subasic E The idea that a person's personality can help explain prejudice has a long history in social psychology. The classic counter-argument has been that prejudice is much more a function of people's group memberships and the nature of intergroup relations rather than individual differences. Bringing these two lines of research together, it has been suggested that personality factors may not only affect intergroup discrimination directly, but also indirectly by predisposing some individuals to identify more strongly with some relevant in-group membership. Two experiments were conducted to investigate this possibility. The participants completed various personality measures (e.g. authoritarianism, personal need for stru... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599348 Sat, 01 Sep 2007 04:00:00 +0100 1599348 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599347&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17877852%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tausch N, Tam T, Hewstone M, Kenworthy J, Cairns E We tested a model which considered individual-level (intergroup anxiety) and group-level (perceived realistic and symbolic threats to the in-group) threats as simultaneous mediators in the relationship between the quantity and quality of cross-community contact and intergroup attitudes (Study 1, N=166) and trust (Study 2, N=163) in Northern Ireland. The studies tested the hypothesis that the strength of group-identification moderates the importance of individual- vs. group-level threats as predictors of attitudes and trust and as mediators of contact effects. Both anxiety and symbolic threat, but not realistic threat, emerged as predictors of the criterion variables and mediated contact effects. Our results provide support for... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599347 Sat, 01 Sep 2007 04:00:00 +0100 1599347 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599346&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17877853%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Amiot CE, Terry DJ, Callan VJ Using an intergroup perspective, this longitudinal study (N=215) examined the adjustment patterns of employees from low vs. high status pre-merger organizations. The first questionnaire was distributed 3 months after the implementation of the merger, whereas the second was completed 2 years later. As predicted, members of the low status group perceived the merger to be implemented in a less fair manner at the start of the merger and reported a decreased adjustment to the merger over time. Members of the high status group showed an increase in adjustment over time, lower in-group bias and a stronger identification with the new merged organization. Path analyses further confirmed that identification with the new merged organization mediated the asso... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599346 Sat, 01 Sep 2007 04:00:00 +0100 1599346 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599345&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17877854%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Taylor K Understanding intergroup prejudice is a dominant research focus for social psychology. Prejudice is usually conceptualized as a continuum of positive/negative affect, but this has limitations. It neither reflects people's ability to maintain simultaneous positive and negative stereotypes of others nor explains extreme prejudice (bigotry). Some researchers have proposed multidimensional models of prejudice in which different negative emotions are evoked depending on the situation. Extending this to bigotry raises the question of which emotions are most relevant. Therefore, this study looked at 'anti-group' texts--writings which promote extreme intergroup hostility--and analysed the frequency of emotive language. Findings suggest that bigotry may be distinguished by hig... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599345 Sat, 01 Sep 2007 04:00:00 +0100 1599345 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599344&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17877855%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Beatson RM, Halloran MJ This research paper presents findings from an experimental investigation of the attitudes that people hold towards animals when they are reminded of the fact that humans and animals are creatures alike. We tested the hypothesis that mortality salience (MS) would lead participants reminded of human creatureliness to evaluate animals more negatively, especially when they reported lower self-esteem. Student participants were randomly assigned to conditions in which MS was made salient and thoughts about human creatureliness were manipulated. Participants then reported their attitudes towards animals. Lending support to the hypothesis of this study, MS led participants with lower self-esteem to rate animals more negatively, when they were reminded of human-... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599344 Sat, 01 Sep 2007 04:00:00 +0100 1599344 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599343&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17877856%26dopt%3DAbstract This study set out to develop a measure of 'Striving to Avoid Inferiority' (SAIS) and assess its relationship to other rank and mood-related variables. We hypothesized two factors: one we called insecure striving, relating to fear of rejection/criticism for 'not keeping up', and the second we called secure non-striving, relating to feeling socially acceptable and valued regardless of whether one succeeds or not. This scale was given to 207 undergraduates. The SAIS had good psychometric properties, with the two factors of insecure striving and secure non-striving strongly supported by exploratory factor analysis. Both factors were significantly (though contrastingly) related to various fears of rejection, need for validation, hypercompetitive attitudes, feeling inferior to others, submissiv... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599343 Sat, 01 Sep 2007 04:00:00 +0100 1599343 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599342&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17877857%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sutton RM, Winnard EJ Recent research distinguishes the belief in a just-world for the self (BJW-self) from that for others (BJW-others), showing BJW-self to be associated with subjective well-being and BJW-others to be associated with harsh social attitudes. The present research examines the implications of these two types of just-world belief for aspects of motivation and ideation about the future. A sample of 100 young British adults living in assisted accommodation completed measures of BJW-self, BJW-others, life satisfaction and intention to engage in delinquent behaviour. They also listed their personal goals and indicated their confidence that they would attain them. In partial correlation and hierarchical regression analyses, BJW-self predicted confidence in the realiz... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599342 Sat, 01 Sep 2007 04:00:00 +0100 1599342 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599341&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17877858%26dopt%3DAbstract Responses from the Lesbian & Gay Psychology Section to Crossley's 'Making sense of 'barebacking''. Br J Soc Psychol. 2007 Sep;46(Pt 3):667-77; discussion 691-5 Authors: Barker M, Hagger-Johnson G, Hegarty P, Hutchison C, Riggs D The aim of the present study is to summarize key responses to Crossley's (2004) article 'Making sense of barebacking' from members of the British Psychological Society's Lesbian & Gay Psychology Section. These responses are assembled into four main themes: (1) terminology, including descriptions of sexual behaviour that are inaccurate and pejorative; (2) representations that endorse culturally dominant and stigmatizing stereotypes of gay men as hedonistic, promiscuous, morally irresponsible and interested in sex rather than relationships; (3) me... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599341 Sat, 01 Sep 2007 04:00:00 +0100 1599341 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599354&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17723156%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined whether comparative optimism characterizes the events people generate when they describe their future. In contrast to previous studies in which participants estimated the likelihoods of experimenter-generated events, our participants freely listed important events they believed were possible in their future versus the average person's future. They also provided desirability ratings, controllability ratings, and likelihood estimates for these self-generated events. Participants listed more desirable and fewer undesirable events in their future than in the average person's future. These differences were stronger for controllable than uncontrollable events. Comparative optimism was also observed in participants' ratings of the likelihood of positive and negative events. Taken toge... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599354 Fri, 24 Aug 2007 04:00:00 +0100 1599354 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599375&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17565782%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pérez JA, Moscovici S, Chulvi B The concept of this article is that the symbolic relationships between human beings and animals serve as a model for the relationships between the majority and the ethnic minority. We postulate that there are two representations that serve to organize these relationships between human beings and animals: a domestic and a wild one. If the domestic animal is an index of human culture, the wild animal is an index of nature which man considers himself to share with the animal. With the wild representation, contact with the animal will be taboo, as it constitutes a threat to the anthropological difference. We offer the hypothesis that ontologization of the minority, that is, the substitution of a human category with an animal category, and thus ... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599375 Fri, 01 Jun 2007 04:00:00 +0100 1599375 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599374&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17565783%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Taylor PJ, Donald I A central assumption of negotiation research is that organized sequences of cues and responses underlie the dimensions and constructs found to structure interaction. We empirically tested this assumption using a new 'proximity' coefficient, which measures the global interrelationships among behaviours based on their intrinsic local organization within an interaction sequence. An analysis of sequences from 21 hostage negotiations showed that local cue-response dependencies are organized in a way that corresponds with an established structural model of communication. Further analysis of case-specific coefficients showed that criminal, political and domestic incidents involve very different cue-response dynamics, with criminal incidents dividing into two disti... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599374 Fri, 01 Jun 2007 04:00:00 +0100 1599374 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599373&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17565784%26dopt%3DAbstract This study assessed how behaviour indicative of bullying in prison settings is related to a variety of measures associated with aggression. Adult offenders (728 men and 525 women) from 11 prisons in the UK completed a 99-item checklist measuring behaviour indicative of 'bullying others' and of 'being bullied', as well as a range of other behavioural measures. They also completed a 43-item Response to Victimization Scale (RVS), asking about their responses to a scenario involving bullying; and measures of impulsiveness, and attributions about their aggression. Those classed as bullies showed, in response to the scenario, higher scores than non-bullies on direct verbal and physical aggression, indirect aggression, verbal and physical displaced aggression, and revenge plans and fantasies; and... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599373 Fri, 01 Jun 2007 04:00:00 +0100 1599373 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599372&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17565785%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Finlay WM This paper discusses how those espousing racist or separatist ideologies seek to persuade others to conform to their beliefs. Using examples from Nazi Germany, White Power movements in the USA and the extreme fringes of Zionist politics, it illustrates how notions of identity are linked to positions of hostility, hatred or separatism from other groups. In particular, it describes how those who maintain relations with other groups or who oppose hostility are discounted through accounts of social influence. The effectiveness of this rhetoric in terms of creating climates of social and self-censure, and of silencing dissent in situations of conflict, is discussed. PMID: 17565785 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology) The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599372 Fri, 01 Jun 2007 04:00:00 +0100 1599372 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599371&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17565786%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Spagnolli A, Gamberini L This paper deals with the sequential structure of communication via short message service (SMS) among adults and young adults, aged 25-35 and 50-65, respectively. A collection of 173 SMS exchanges for personal communication, spontaneously composed by participants, was gathered. Each exchange was photographed from the display of the participant's mobile phone and then analysed with the approach of conversation analysis. A questionnaire was also administered during the collection procedure. The analysis of the practices organizing the action sequence reveals that exchanges frequently lack openings and closures, show an effort towards reciprocation and use implicit or anticipated actions. Social presence seems then characterized by a sense of constant ava... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599371 Fri, 01 Jun 2007 04:00:00 +0100 1599371 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599370&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17565787%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gabriel U, Banse R, Hug F The role of individual differences in implicit attitudes toward homosexuals and motivation to control prejudiced reactions (MCPR) in predicting private and public helping behaviour was investigated. After assessing the predictor variables, 69 male students were informed about a campaign of a local gay organization. They were provided with an opportunity to donate money and sign a petition in the presence (public setting) or absence (private setting) of the experimenter. As expected, more helping behaviour was shown in the public than in the private setting. However, while the explicit cognitive attitude accounted for helping behaviour in both settings, an implicit attitude x MCPR interaction accounted for additional variability of helping in the publi... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599370 Fri, 01 Jun 2007 04:00:00 +0100 1599370 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599369&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17565788%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Alberts HJ, Martijn C, Greb J, Merckelbach H, de Vries NK Research has shown that repeated exercise of self-control leads to impaired performance on subsequent self-control tasks, a phenomenon labelled ego depletion. The current research investigates the influence of automatic processes on self-control performance. Study 1 shows that activation of persistence leads to stable self-control performance and may help to overcome effects of ego depletion. Initially depleted participants kept their physical self-control performances constant when primed with persistence. If such a prime was absent, self-control performance of depleted participants decreased indicating ego depletion. Using a different manipulation, these findings were replicated in Study 2. PMID: 17565788 [PubMed ... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599369 Fri, 01 Jun 2007 04:00:00 +0100 1599369 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599368&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17565789%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: De Houwer J, De Bruycker E We used both the Extrinsic Affective Simon Task (EAST) and the Implicit Association Test (IAT) as implicit measures of inter-individual differences in attitudes towards political parties (Experiment 1), food items (Experiment 2) and homosexuality (Experiment 3). IAT but not EAST scores were related in a meaningful manner to self-report measures of the corresponding attitudes (Experiments 1-3) and self-reported behaviour (Experiments 2 and 3). Whereas split-half reliability of the IAT scores was satisfactory, EAST scores overall had a low split-half reliability. The present results suggest that the EAST as introduced by De Houwer (2003b, Experimental Psychology) does not offer a good alternative for the IAT as an implicit measure of inter-individual d... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599368 Fri, 01 Jun 2007 04:00:00 +0100 1599368 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599367&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17565790%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Geeraert N, Yzerbyt VY Although social observers have been found to rely heavily on dispositions in their causal analysis, it has been proposed that culture strongly affects this tendency. Recent research has shown that suppressing dispositional inferences during social judgment can lead to a dispositional rebound, that is relying more on dispositional information in subsequent judgments. In the present research, we investigated whether culture also affects this rebound tendency. First, Thai and Belgian participants took part in a typical attitude attribution paradigm. Next, dispositional rebound was assessed by having participants describe a series of pictures. The dispositional rebound occurred for both Belgian and Thai participants when confronted with a forced target, but ... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599367 Fri, 01 Jun 2007 04:00:00 +0100 1599367 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599366&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17565791%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Spence A, Townsend E The predictive validity of implicit and explicit attitudes is a central question in social psychological research with important theoretical and empirical ramifications. Three main patterns of combining implicit and explicit attitudes to predict behaviour have been postulated. They are, double dissociation (in which implicit and explicit attitudes predict spontaneous and deliberate behaviour respectively), additive (in which implicit and explicit attitudes both predict variance in behaviour) and interactive (in which implicit and explicit attitudes combine to predict behaviour). These models were tested in this study using a structural equation modelling approach utilising three different measures of behaviour (of varying spontaneity) towards genetically m... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599366 Fri, 01 Jun 2007 04:00:00 +0100 1599366 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599365&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17565792%26dopt%3DAbstract This study adds to our understanding of jealousy among swingers and the broader issue of jealousy in intimate relationships. PMID: 17565792 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology) The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599365 Fri, 01 Jun 2007 04:00:00 +0100 1599365 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599410&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17355716%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Antaki C, Finlay WM, Walton C Talk between care staff and people with learning disabilities may reveal a conflict between official policy and actual social practice. We explore a case in which care staff are in the process of soliciting residents' views on 'relationships'. Ostensibly, this is an empowering part of a group meeting, meant to help the residents understand their relationships with the people around them, and to value those which are positive. However, the talk mutates from solicitation to instruction and, in doing so, provides a vivid case of people with learning disabilities being attributed social rights more limited than is consistent with institutional service policy. We unpack the play of category membership in this episode to illustrate how conflicting agend... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599410 Thu, 01 Mar 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1599410 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599409&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17355717%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Singh R, Ho LJ, Tan HL, Bell PA The authors hypothesized that (1) attraction toward a stranger based on attitudinal similarity is automatic, but cognitive evaluation of the stranger's quality before the measurement of attraction can make attraction nonautomatic or controlled; (2) personal evaluations from the stranger activate automatic attraction and cognitive evaluation; (3) controlled attraction from attitudes and automatic attraction and cognitive evaluation from personal evaluations engender reverse-causal effects (i.e. they mediate each other); and (4) attraction and cognitive evaluation are distinct constructs. Attitudinal similarity between the participant and the stranger or personal evaluations of the former by the latter were varied in Experiment 1 (N=96), and were ... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599409 Thu, 01 Mar 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1599409 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599408&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17355718%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fife-Schaw C, Sheeran P, Norman P The theory of planned behaviour (TPB; Ajzen, 1991) has been used extensively to predict social and health behaviours. However, a critical test of the TPB is whether interventions that increased scores on the theory's predictors would engender behaviour change. The present research deployed a novel technique in order to provide this test. Statistical simulations were conducted on data for 30 behaviours (N=211) that estimated the impact of interventions that generated maximum positive changes in attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control (PBC) on subsequent intentions and behaviour. Findings indicated that interventions that maximized TPB variables had a substantial impact on behavioural intentions. Although TPB maximization i... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599408 Thu, 01 Mar 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1599408 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599407&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17355719%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Elliott MA, Armitage CJ, Baughan CJ The ability of psychosocial variables to predict driver behaviour was tested using the theory of planned behaviour (TPB; I. Ajzen, 1985) as a theoretical framework. At Time 1, participants (N=150) completed questionnaire measures of TPB variables. 1 week later, participants' behaviour was assessed using both self-reports and observations of driving speed derived from a high-fidelity driving simulator. Multiple regression analyses demonstrated that: (a) the TPB was a strong predictor of drivers' intentions and self-reported speeding behaviour, and (b) intention was the sole predictor of observed speeding behaviour. Standard and repeated events survival analyses showed that intention also predicted the maintenance of drivers' compliance with s... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599407 Thu, 01 Mar 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1599407 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599406&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17355720%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Vignoles VL, Moncaster NJ Theories suggest that identity motives for self-esteem, meaning, distinctiveness and belonging are implicated in intergroup discrimination. Experimental studies have supported predictions, but correlational tests have been hindered by methodological problems. Using a new approach to measuring identity motives, we compared predictions of individual differences in in-group favouritism. Seventy British adults completed measures of identity motives, British identification and positive and negative trait typicality ratings of British and German nationalities. With greater identification, the strength of motives for distinctiveness and belonging increasingly predicted in-group favouritism: consistent with optimal distinctiveness theory, the belonging motive... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599406 Thu, 01 Mar 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1599406 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599405&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17355721%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Doosje B, Spears R, de Redelijkheid H, van Onna J Effects of identification with one's group on memory of stereotype consistent and inconsistent information about one's group were examined in two studies. In the first study, we focused on supporters of a low status soccer team, and observed that die-hard fans were more likely to remember stereotype-inconsistent results of their team than fair-weather fans. This pattern was replicated in a second study, which was executed among supporters of a high status soccer team. We discuss the implications of these results for the role of motivational factors such as in-group identification in cognitive social psychology. PMID: 17355721 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: The British Journal of Social Psychology) The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599405 Thu, 01 Mar 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1599405 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599404&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17355722%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Van Kleef GA, Steinel W, van Knippenberg D, Hogg MA, Svensson A How does a representative's position in the group influence behaviour in intergroup negotiation? Applying insights from the social identity approach (specifically self-categorization theory), the effects of group member prototypicality, accountability and group attractiveness on competitiveness in intergroup bargaining were examined. As representatives of their group, participants engaged in a computer-mediated negotiation with a simulated out-group opponent. In Experiment 1 (N=114), representatives with a peripheral status in the group sent more competitive and fewer cooperative messages to the opponent than did prototypical representatives, but only under accountability. Experiment 2 (N=110) replicated this find... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599404 Thu, 01 Mar 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1599404 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1599403&cid=s_37642_36_f&fid=37642&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17355723%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zagefka H, Brown R, Broquard M, Leventoglu Martin S This research tested predictors and consequences of majority members' negative attitudes towards immigrants in Belgium and Turkey. It tested a mediation model in which economic competition and a perceived preference of the immigrants for culture maintenance have negative effects on majority members' own acculturation preference for integration, and where a perceived preference of the immigrants for contact has a positive effect. The effects of all three predictors were hypothesized to be mediated by negative attitudes toward immigrants. Two survey studies were conducted, one in Belgium (N=106) and one in Turkey (N=93). Results showed that, as hypothesized, 'economic competition' and a 'perceived preference for contact' had in... The British Journal of Social Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1599403 Thu, 01 Mar 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1599403