MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'The European Journal of Orthodontics' source. Wed, 08 Feb 2012 12:06:31 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5628634&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F34%2F1%2F132%3Frss%3D1 (Source: The European Journal of Orthodontics) The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5628634 Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5628634 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5628633&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F34%2F1%2F131-a%3Frss%3D1 (Source: The European Journal of Orthodontics) The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5628633 Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5628633 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5628632&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F34%2F1%2F131%3Frss%3D1 (Source: The European Journal of Orthodontics) The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5628632 Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5628632 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5628631&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F34%2F1%2F126%3Frss%3D1 The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that there is no difference in salivary metal ion content between subjects with fixed orthodontic appliances and their same-gender sister or brother without any orthodontic appliance. This retrospective study was carried out on 28 subjects (16 females and 12 males) who had undergone fixed orthodontic therapy for a duration of 12–18 months. In order to limit the effects of dietary and hygiene habits on salivary metal ion concentration, a same-gender brother or sister (total of 28 subjects) was selected as a control. Approximately 5 ml of saliva was collected from each subject, and the samples were analysed using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The detection limit of the method for sample solutions was 1 ng/ml. Since some variabl... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5628631 Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5628631 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5628630&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F34%2F1%2F119%3Frss%3D1 Friction between archwires and labial brackets has received considerable attention; however, information on the frictional behaviour of commercially available lingual brackets is limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the frictional resistance resulting from a combination of lingual orthodontic brackets (7th Generation, STb, Magic, and In-Ovation L) and stainless steel archwires at 0, 5, and 10 degrees of second-order angulation. Each bracket type (n = 30) was tested with three different sizes of archwires. Static and kinetic frictional forces were evaluated with a universal testing machine. Statistical analysis of the data was performed with non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn's multiple comparison tests. All tested brackets showed higher frictional forces as the wire ... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5628630 Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5628630 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5628629&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F34%2F1%2F114%3Frss%3D1 This study evaluated cephalometric differences between 113 Japanese (43 males and 70 females, aged 14.1 ± 5 years) and 106 European subjects (36 males and 70 females, aged 13.5 ± 7.3 years) using two compound angular measurements and their single components: the overbite depth indicator (ODI) for the assessment of vertical skeletal relationships and the antero-posterior dysplasia indicator (APDI) for an evaluation of sagittal dysgnathia. Both populations were assigned to groups representing Angle Classes I, II, and III, and an anterior open bite (AOB) group. Two sample t- and Wilcoxon signed-ranks tests were performed (P < 0.05). The ODI values showed no statistically significant differences between the Japanese and European samples. The Japanese sample showed a significan... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5628629 Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5628629 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5628628&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F34%2F1%2F109%3Frss%3D1 This randomized split-mouth study was aimed at evaluating whether an orthodontic appliance per se or orthodontic tooth movement can induce detectable changes in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) volume, and thus whether GCF volume is a predictable biomarker for tissue remodelling incident to orthodontic tooth movement. Materials and Methods: Sixteen healthy orthodontic patients (7 females and 9 males; mean age, 17.7 years; range, 13–27 years) with the need for extraction of the first upper premolars were enrolled. One randomly chosen maxillary canine was subjected to a distalizing force by a 0.017 x 0.025 inch titanium-molybdenum alloy archwire and considered as the test tooth (TT). The contralateral canine, which was not subjected to any force but was included in an orthodontic applia... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5628628 Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5628628 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5628627&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F34%2F1%2F102%3Frss%3D1 The aim of this trial was to evaluate and compare perceived pain, discomfort, and jaw function impairment between orthodontic treatments combined with skeletal anchorage and treatment using conventional anchorage with headgear or transpalatal bar. A total of 120 adolescent patients in order to start orthodontic treatment were consecutively recruited and randomized into three groups with different anchorage. Group A underwent installation of a skeletal anchorage (Onplant or Orthosystem implant), group B received headgear, and group C a transpalatal bar. Questionnaires were used to assess pain intensity, discomfort, analgesic consumption, and jaw function impairment from baseline to the end of treatment. Pain scores overall peaked on day 2 and were almost back to baseline on day 7. The site ... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5628627 Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5628627 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5628626&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F34%2F1%2F96%3Frss%3D1 The aim of this follow-up study was to evaluate the effects of Pre-Orthodontic Trainer (POT) appliance on the anterior temporal, mental, orbicularis oris, and masseter muscles through electromyography (EMG) evaluations in subjects with Class II division 1 malocclusion and incompetent lips. Twenty patients (mean age: 9.8 ± 2.2 years) with a Class II division 1 malocclusion were treated with POT (Myofunctional Research Co., Queensland, Australia). A group of 15 subjects (mean age: 9.2 ± 0.9 years) with untreated Class II division 1 malocclusions was used as a control. EMG recordings of treatment group were taken at the beginning and at the end of the POT therapy (mean treatment period: 7.43 ± 1.06 months). Follow-up records of the control group were taken after 8 months ... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5628626 Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5628626 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5628625&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F34%2F1%2F88%3Frss%3D1 The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of reverse pull headgear (RPHG) in the treatment of Class III malocclusions in the late mixed and early permanent dentition and its long-term stability at the time when facial growth was close to completion. The treatment group comprised 22 subjects (12 males and 10 females, mean age: 11.38 ± 0.69 years). The control group included 17 subjects (7 males and 10 females, mean age: 11.54 ± 1.07 years). The mean RPHG treatment time was 1.5 ± 0.95 years and the observation time for the control group was 1.75 ± 0.83 years. For each subject, lateral cephalograms were obtained before (T1) and after (T2) treatment or observation. These cephalograms were traced and analyzed and the differences between T1 and T2 values we... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5628625 Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5628625 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5628624&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F34%2F1%2F83%3Frss%3D1 The persistence of childlike deglutition after the replacement of deciduous teeth is described as atypical deglutition. This condition has been attributed to sucking action without nutritive purposes, use of a feeding bottle, oral respiration, and anatomical abnormalities. Among the possible anatomical alterations, the hyoid bone, as a result of being the origin or the insertion of several muscles involved in swallowing, may have its position altered in cases of atypical deglutition. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the position of the hyoid bone using lateral teleradiographs, among patients with atypical deglutition during the stage of mixed dentition. Using cephalometric analysis on lateral teleradiographs, the distances of H–MP (hyoid to mandibular plane) and H–T... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5628624 Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5628624 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5628623&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F34%2F1%2F77%3Frss%3D1 The aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability of Demirjian’s dental age assessment table in a sample of Southern Pakistani population and, if not applicable, to formulate a separate dental age table for Pakistani males and females. The study was conducted on the dental pantomographs of a sample size of 882 subjects (427 males and 455 females) ranging in age from 7 to 14 years. A paired t-test was used to assess any difference between chronological age and dental age assessed according to Demirjian’s method. Logit function was used to make the relationship between dental maturity and chronological age and linear regression analysis with the equation X = [Ln {y/100 – y} – a]/b was used to generate dental age tables for Pakistani males and females. Dental age... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5628623 Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5628623 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5628622&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F34%2F1%2F72%3Frss%3D1 The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of precuring of primer coated on bracket bases on the strength of bonds between metal brackets and gold alloy. Square type III gold alloy plates were sandblasted with 30 μm silicon dioxide. After silica coating, excessive particles were removed gently with air. Silane was then applied, and maxillary central incisor metal brackets were bonded to each conditioned alloy surface with Transbond XT. Half of the specimens were precured at the bracket base after primer coating and the other half was not precured before bonding to the alloy surface. After bracket positioning, samples were cured using a light emitting diode (LED) for 40 seconds. Shear bond strengths were tested and adhesive remnant index (ARI) was evaluated after 1 hour a... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5628622 Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5628622 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5628621&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F34%2F1%2F67%3Frss%3D1 In conclusion, the SBS of the conventional etch-and-rinse adhesive system significantly decreased under a torsion load with thermocycling. (Source: The European Journal of Orthodontics) The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5628621 Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5628621 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5628620&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F34%2F1%2F62%3Frss%3D1 The objective of this research was to fabricate a composite with an optimum filler level in a bisphenol-A-glycidyldimethacrylate (Bis-GMA) triethylene glycidal dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) resin for bonding of metallic orthodontic brackets to achieve the best handling characteristics with optimum bond strength and without compromising the mechanical properties of the adhesive. One-hundred and sixty extracted human premolars free of any detectable pathology or buccal surface alterations were collected and divided into four groups. In group 1 (control), the teeth were bonded with stainless steel brackets using Transbond XT. In groups 2, 3, and 4, the teeth were bonded with metal brackets using a Bis-GMA/TEGDMA resin with 80, 60, and 20 per cent by weight silane-coated silica of a spherical shape ... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5628620 Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5628620 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5628619&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F34%2F1%2F57%3Frss%3D1 The objective of this study was to determine whether the accuracy of measurement data from inverted greyscale digital cephalometric radiographs equals that obtained from conventional negative digital cephalometric radiographs. Fifty-five consecutively lateral cephalometric radiographs from a university orthodontic clinic obtained for treatment planning were used for this study. A 5 MB conventional negative ‘bones white’ and inverted greyscale ‘bones black’ TIFF digital image of each radiograph was produced. These were allocated a unique identifier and were analysed in random order by one clinician. Eighteen cephalometric landmarks were digitized using the Opal 2.1 package and the angles were calculated. The angular measurements were compared using two-sample t-tests... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5628619 Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5628619 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5628618&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F34%2F1%2F52%3Frss%3D1 One notable complication of mini-implants that are used to provide anchorage in orthodontic treatment is loosening. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between mini-implant mobility during the healing phase and the prognosis for implant stability. Twenty male Wistar rats (aged 20 weeks) were used. Drills with diameters of 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, and 1.1 mm were used to make pilot holes in the rat tibiae. The inserted mini-implants (diameter 1.4 mm; spearhead 1.2 mm; halfway between maximum and minimum 1.3 mm; length 4.0 mm) were subjected to an experimental traction of force for 3 weeks. Bone-to-implant contact (BIC) was observed histologically. Another 20 male rats (aged 20 weeks) underwent an identical procedure, and the stability of the mini-implants was measured using the Per... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5628618 Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5628618 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5628617&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F34%2F1%2F44%3Frss%3D1 The aim of this prospective experimental study was to evaluate the effect of light-emitting diode (LED) photobiomodulation therapy (LPT) on the stability of immediately loaded miniscrews under different force levels, as assessed by resonance frequency analysis (RFA). Sixty titanium orthodontic miniscrews with a length of 8 mm and a diameter of 1.4 mm were implanted into cortical bone by closed flap technique in each proximal tibia of 15 New Zealand white adult male rabbits (n = 30). The animals were randomly divided into irradiated and control groups under different force levels (0, 150, and 300 cN). OsseoPulse® LED device (Biolux Research Ltd.) 618 nm wavelength and 20 mW/cm2 output power irradiation (20 minutes/day) was applied to the miniscrews for 10 days. The RFA records were perf... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5628617 Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5628617 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5628616&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F34%2F1%2F39%3Frss%3D1 The purpose of this study was to evaluate ossification of the midpalatal suture in adult patients immediately after surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion (SARME) until 120 days post-surgery. The sample comprised 126 standardized occlusal radiographs of 21 adults (14 females and 7 males; mean age: 25.33 years) taken pre-expansion (T1), immediately after expansion (T2), and post-expansion (30, 60, 90, and 120 days of retention, respectively: T3, T4, T5, and T6) who had undergone SARME. The radiographs were digitized and the images were analysed and compared in relation to the morphology and radiopacity at the different treatment stages, especially concerning the characteristics of the midpalatal suture. Data were statistically analysed using analysis of variance and Tukey’s tes... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5628616 Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5628616 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5628615&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F34%2F1%2F33%3Frss%3D1 The purpose of this study was to conduct a prospective randomized controlled clinical trial to evaluate the rate of space closure and tooth angulation during maxillary canine retraction using preactivated T-loops made from titanium–molybdenum alloy (TMA) and nickel–titanium (NiTi). Twelve patients (six males and six females) aged between 13 and 20 years who had upper premolar extractions were included, and each acted as their own control, with a NiTi T-loop allocated to one quadrant and TMA to the other using a split mouth block randomization design. The loops were activated 3 mm at each visit to deliver a load of approximately 150 g to the upper canine teeth. Maxillary dental casts, taken at the first and each subsequent monthly visit, were used to evaluate changes in extracti... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5628615 Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5628615 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5628614&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F34%2F1%2F25%3Frss%3D1 This study evaluated the enamel loss and composite remnants after debonding and clean-up. The tested null hypothesis is that there are no differences between different polishing systems regarding removing composite remnants without damaging the tooth surface. Brackets were bonded to 75 extracted human molars and removed after a storage period of 100 hours. The adhesive remnant index (ARI) was evaluated. The clean-up was carried out with five different procedures: 1. carbide bur; 2. carbide bur and Brownie and Greenie silicone polishers; 3. carbide bur and Astropol polishers; 4. carbide bur and Renew polishers; and 5. carbide bur, Brownie, Greenie and PoGo polishers. Silicone impressions were made at baseline (T0) and after debonding (T1) and polishing (T2) to produce plaster replicas. The ... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5628614 Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5628614 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5628613&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F34%2F1%2F19%3Frss%3D1 The Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage (CIE) L*a*b* three-dimensional coordinates suggest strong correlations between the data of a* (red–green axis) and b* (blue–yellow axis), as both are located on the same plane in the model and should therefore show a strong dependency. In order to assess the veridicality of colour determinations, the null hypothesis of no significant changes in CIE-a*/b* coherences of dental colours following a colour or lightness change induced by external dental bleaching was tested. Values from 231 extracted anterior teeth were assessed using the digital photographic CIELAB recalculation method. Teeth were then assigned to three groups (n = 77) with contrasting baseline CIE-L* values. Group A served as the control with no alteration in denta... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5628613 Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5628613 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5628612&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F34%2F1%2F10%3Frss%3D1 The purpose of this study was to develop a new finite element method for simulating long-term tooth movements and to compare the movement process occurring in canine retraction using a T-loop spring having large bends and with that having small bends. Orthodontic tooth movement was assumed to occur in the same manner as the initial tooth movement, which was controlled by the moment-to-force (M/F) ratios acting on the tooth. The M/F ratios were calculated as the reaction forces from the spring ends. For these M/F ratios, the teeth were moved based on the initial tooth movements, which were calculated by using the bilinear elastic model of the periodontal ligament. Repeating these calculations, the teeth were moved step by step while updating the M/F ratio. In the spring with large bends, th... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5628612 Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5628612 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5628611&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F34%2F1%2F1%3Frss%3D1 The present comparative study aimed to evaluate the surface corrosion and fracture resistance of two commercially available nickel–titanium (NiTi)-based archwires, as induced by a combination of fluoride, pH, and thermocycling. One hundred and ten rectangular section NiTi-based archwires were used, 55 of each of the following: thermally activated Thermaloy® and super-elastic NeoSentalloy® 100 g. Each of these was divided into five equal subgroups. One of these five subgroups did not undergo any treatment and served as the control, while the other four were subjected to 30 days of incubation at 37°C under fluoridated artificial saliva (FS) at 1500 ppm fluoride treatment alone (two subgroups) or combined with a session of thermocycling (FS + Th) treatment at the end of incu... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5628611 Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5628611 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5422127&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F6%2F734-a%3Frss%3D1 (Source: The European Journal of Orthodontics) The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5422127 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5422127 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5422126&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F6%2F734%3Frss%3D1 (Source: The European Journal of Orthodontics) The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5422126 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5422126 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5422125&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F6%2F732-a%3Frss%3D1 (Source: The European Journal of Orthodontics) The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5422125 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5422125 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5422124&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F6%2F732%3Frss%3D1 (Source: The European Journal of Orthodontics) The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5422124 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5422124 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5422123&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F6%2F727%3Frss%3D1 Studies assessing the transversal treatment changes caused by the functional regulator III (FR-3) are limited in number. This clinical study was planned to analyse the transversal effects of the FR-3 appliance therapy. The treatment group consisted of 17 patients (8 males and 9 females) with Class III malocclusion, who were treated with the FR-3 appliance. The control group consisted of 17 subjects (7 males and 10 females) with a normal occlusion. Mean ages of the subjects were 10.73 and 10.66 years in the treatment and control groups, respectively. Postero-anterior radiographs and stone casts were obtained before (T1) and after (T2) treatment/observation. The results of the Student’s t-test comparing initial values showed that maxillary dentoalveolar and skeletal widths are signific... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5422123 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5422123 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5422122&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F6%2F721%3Frss%3D1 This study comprised a consecutive sample of 16 patients (eight males and eight females, aged 15–24 years) in the permanent dentition without agenesis and/or tooth loss. A paired t-test and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were used to examine validity and reliability. Both statistics were applied for intra- and inter-methods error analysis, at P < 0.05. Random error for the photogrammetric method (less than 0.48 mm) was similar to that for the dental cast measurements (less than 0.43 mm). ICC revealed excellent reliability for both methods (P < 0.01) and no significant difference for any variables, with the exception of upper inter-canine width obtained on the dental casts (P = 0.0038) and photogrammetry (P = 0.01). However, differences were less than 1 per cent of the... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5422122 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5422122 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5422121&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F6%2F712%3Frss%3D1 The purpose of this retrospective study was to quantify and compare the vertical dimensional changes in bialveolar dental protrusion patients undergoing extraction of all four first premolars between the preadjusted edgewise appliance (PEA) and the Begg appliance. The cephalometric records of 55 patients (14 males and 41 females) with Class I bimaxillary protrusion were selected and divided into two groups based on the appliance used, i.e Begg or PEA mechanotherapy. To minimize the effects of growth, the subjects were at least in stage VI of skeletal maturation. The mean age was 18.25 ± 3.2 years for the Begg group and 18.03 ± 3.5 years for the PEA group. Skeletal and dental changes were analysed in both groups on lateral cephalograms taken pre- (T1) and post- (T2) treatment.... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5422121 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5422121 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5422120&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F6%2F705%3Frss%3D1 Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and monocyte chemoattractants are key modulators of the biological mechanisms triggered in the periodontium by mechanical forces. The gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) provides a non-invasive method to assess longitudinally the release of inflammatory mediators during orthodontic tooth movement. The goal of this study was to examine the GCF levels of MMP-3, MMP-9, and MMP-13 and of the chemokines macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1β, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, and regulated on activation normal T cells expressed and secreted (RANTES) at different time points during orthodontic tooth movement. Fourteen subjects (three males and 11 females, 18.8 ± 4.8 years of age; range from 12 to 28 years) had their maxillary canines retracted. ... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5422120 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5422120 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5422119&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F6%2F700%3Frss%3D1 Thalassaemia is a public health problem in Malaysia. It is known to cause skeletal deformity. The purpose of this study was to compare the skeletal, dentoalveolar, and soft tissue features of Malay transfusion-dependent thalassaemia (TDT) patients with a Malay control group. Lateral cephalometric radiographs of 30 Malay (14 males and 16 females aged 6.4–21.8 years) TDT patients and 60 normal Malays matched for chronological age and gender were analysed and compared using an independent t-test. The TDT group showed a similar sagittal relationship to the control group but with a significantly increased (P < 0.01) mandibular plane inclination. They also showed a significantly shorter (P ≤ 0.001) mandibular body, ramus length, and posterior face height and consequently a smaller ra... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5422119 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5422119 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5422118&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F6%2F691%3Frss%3D1 The aim of this study was to determine whether different evaluation methods may be the cause of the varied outcomes of research that have evaluated the effects of extraction and non-extraction therapy on jaw rotation. This retrospective study consisted of the pre- (T1) and post- (T2) treatment lateral cephalograms of 70 skeletal Class I subjects with an optimal vertical mandibular plane angle, who had undergone fixed orthodontic treatment. Thirty-five of the subjects (20 females and 15 males, mean age: 14.7 years) were treated with four first premolar extractions and 35 (22 females and 13 males, mean age: 15 years) without extractions. T1 and T2 radiographs were superimposed using Björk’s structural method and Steiner’s method of sella–nasion line registered at sella... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5422118 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5422118 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5422117&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F6%2F684%3Frss%3D1 This article introduces the reasons, which make randomization an integral part of solid clinical trial methodology, and presents the main randomization schemes applicable to clinical trials in orthodontics. (Source: The European Journal of Orthodontics) The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5422117 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5422117 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5422116&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F6%2F679%3Frss%3D1 The objective of the present study was to assess smile aesthetics after orthodontic treatment in subjects with and without the extraction of four first premolars. Post-treatment coloured frontal photographs (4 x 6 inches) of 60 Pakistani subjects, 21 males and 39 females, aged between 15 and 30 years were assessed by one examiner. For 50 per cent (n = 30) of the patients, treatment included the extraction of four first premolars, whereas the other half were treated without extractions. Smile aesthetics were evaluated by a panel of 10 laypersons, five males and five females, aged between 20 and 30 years. Smile aesthetic parameters were measured using seven variables, and the ratios were calculated. An independent sample t-test was used to assess smile aesthetics. All seven variables namely ... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5422116 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5422116 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5422115&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F6%2F673%3Frss%3D1 The objective of this study was to evaluate the time-dependent viscoelastic properties of an aesthetic orthodontic archwire. The wire is based on a recently developed translucent polyphenylene thermoplastic, whose rigid molecular structure provides high strength. While the wire has good instantaneous mechanical properties, over time all polymers may relax so it is important to understand the potential impact of the relaxation on orthodontic force systems. Four samples of 0.020 inch round and six samples of 0.021 x 0.025 inch rectangular wire were loaded in tension to a range of initial stresses, and relaxation of the stress was monitored for 7 days. Sixty-three additional samples were maintained in edgewise bracket pairs with vertical displacement for up to 6 weeks. The deformation of thes... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5422115 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5422115 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5422114&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F6%2F667%3Frss%3D1 The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of two surface-conditioning methods on the shear bond strength (SBS) of metal brackets bonded to three different all-ceramic materials, and to evaluate the mode of failure after debonding. Twenty feldspathic, 20 fluoro-apatite, and 20 leucite-reinforced ceramic specimens were examined following two surface-conditioning methods: air-particle abrasion (APA) with 25 μm Al2O3 and silica coating with 30 μm Al2O3 particles modified by silica. After silane application, metal brackets were bonded with light cure composite and then stored in distilled water for 1 week and thermocycled (x1000 at 5–55°C for 30 seconds). The SBS of the brackets was measured on a universal testing machine. The ceramic surfaces were examined with a s... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5422114 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5422114 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5422113&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F6%2F660%3Frss%3D1 This study compared peak insertion torque values of six commercially available self-drilling mini-implants [Mini Spider® screw (1.5 x 8 mm), Infinitas® (1.5 x 9 mm), Vector TAS® (1.4 x 8 mm), Dual Top® (1.6 x 8 mm), Tomas Pin® (1.6 x 8 mm), and Ortho-Easy® (1.7 x 6, 8, and 10 mm)]. Twenty implants each were drilled into acrylic rods at a speed of 8 rpm using a motorized torque measurement stand, and the values were recorded in Newton centimetres (Ncm). A further 20 Ortho-Easy® implants with a length of 6 and 10 mm were tested at 8 rpm; 20 implants of 6 mm length were also tested at 4 rpm. Kaplan–Meier estimates of the peak torque values were compared using the log-rank test with multiple comparisons evaluated by Sidak’s test. There were significant d... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5422113 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5422113 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5422112&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F6%2F654%3Frss%3D1 The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between masseter muscle size and craniofacial morphology, focusing on the maxilla. Twenty-four patients (11 males and 13 females; mean age 27.6 ± 5.6 years) underwent cephalometric analyses. Ultrasonography was used to measure the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the masseter muscle and bite force was measured using pressure sensitive film. The results showed that CSA-relaxed was positively correlated with upper anterior face height (UAFH)/total anterior face height (TAFH) and negatively with lower anterior face height (LAFH)/TAFH and LAFH (P < 0.05). CSA-clenched was correlated positively with SN-palatal, FH-palatal, UAFH/TAFH, and lower posterior face height (LPFH)/total posterior face height (TPFH) and negatively with LAFH... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5422112 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5422112 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5422111&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F6%2F647%3Frss%3D1 In orthodontic diagnosis, facial symmetry is important. The aim of the present study was to analyse the perception of various degrees of facial asymmetry exhibited by carefully designed virtual three-dimensional (3D) material. Three groups of raters (30 orthodontists, 30 maxillofacial surgeons, and 30 laymen) rated, using a six-point scale, the degree of asymmetry of eight randomly presented 3D faces exhibiting incremental soft tissue alterations. The faces were created by gradually transforming the nose or chin in increments of 2 mm away from the computed symmetry plane. Differences between the groups in analysis of facial asymmetry, the rating of facial stimulus, and right and left facial asymmetry were determined using a t-test. The results demonstrated that raters’ profession did... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5422111 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5422111 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5422110&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F6%2F642%3Frss%3D1 The aim of the present investigation was to study the variation in interdental forces between mandibular canines and lateral incisors of 19 volunteers (9 males and 10 females) aged 20–26 years for four configurations (mandible open/closed and left/right side). These forces were derived by pulling a stainless steel matrix strip between these teeth, six times per configuration, and registering the time variation with a high-resolution transducer. The repeated median smoothing algorithm was applied to find the maximum of each curve and a bootstrap method estimated the 95 per cent confidence intervals (CIs) for all 76 configurations. Seventy-six per cent of all paired force differences were found to be significant. Asymmetry phenomena were observed: the interdental forces differed signif... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5422110 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5422110 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5422109&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F6%2F636%3Frss%3D1 The aim of this research was to evaluate, within a controlled clinical study, the effects of a Delaire-type facemask or a modified Jasper Jumper (JJ) used in the treatment of children with Class III malocclusions due to maxillary retrognathia on temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). Forty-six patients with Class III malocclusions referred for orthodontic treatment were divided into two groups, a test and a control. The test group comprised 33 randomly chosen patients (15 females, 18 males) aged 8–11 years. The control group included 13 patients (eight females, five males) with similar features. TMD assessment was performed before and after treatment using a two-axis questionnaire, the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMDs). Qualitative data were evaluat... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5422109 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5422109 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5422108&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F6%2F628%3Frss%3D1 The aim of the study was to establish whether juveniles with a Class II malocclusion change the neuromuscular control of mandibular movements during the course of orthodontic treatment with removable functional appliances (RFAs). Neuromuscular control can be indirectly evaluated by recording cyclic planar mandibular movements which were freely carried out by the patients (28 girls, 14 boys, aged 11.1 ± 1.1 years at the start of treatment) and measured with an ultrasonic device before, during, and after Class II functional appliance therapy, with either an activator or a bite jumping plate. The cyclic movements represented simultaneous rotations of the mandible around a maxillary and mandibular fixed axis (MFHA) and could be characterized by μ(α)-diagrams (μ = swing angle... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5422108 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5422108 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5422107&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F6%2F620%3Frss%3D1 Occlusion is an important factor that affects chewing. Unilateral posterior crossbites (UPXBs) have been reported to be one of the most prevalent malocclusions in the primary dentition and patients with UPXBs show abnormal condylar motion on the crossbite side in the mediolateral direction during mastication. The aims of this study were to investigate the characteristics of common chewing cycles in the primary dentition in children with UPXBs, when chewing gum on the UPXB side and on the non-UPXB side, and to compare the average chewing pattern with a group of children with a normal buccal relationship. Twenty children in the primary dentition with a UPXB (6 boys, mean age 5.3 ± 1.2 years, and 14 girls, 4.8 ± 1.3 years of age; 9 with a left and 11 with a right UPXB) and 10 ch... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5422107 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5422107 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5422106&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F6%2F613%3Frss%3D1 The dystrophin-deficient mouse (mdx) is a homologue animal model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and is characterized by slowly progressive muscle weakness accompanied by changes in myosin heavy chain (MyHC) composition. It is likely that the masticatory muscles undergo similar changes. The aim of this study was to examine the masticatory muscles (masseter, temporal, tongue, and soleus) of 100-day-old mdx and control mice (n = 8–10), and the fibre type distribution (by immunohistochemistry) as well as the expression of the corresponding MyHC messenger RNA (mRNA) (protein and mRNA expression, using Western blot or quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)). Immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis revealed that the masticatory muscles in the control and mdx ... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5422106 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5422106 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5422105&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F6%2F608%3Frss%3D1 The aim of this study was to determine the in vitro shear bond strength (SBS) and tensile bond strength (TBS) of 45 metal brackets bonded with Transbond XT to bovine enamel. The SBS was determined by loading the short and the long sides of the bracket base. Testing took place after storage of the specimens for 72 hours in water at 37°C. Fractures were analysed with the adhesive remnant index (ARI) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The stresses in the system were analysed with finite element (FE) analysis models of the experimental set-up to identify the initial fracture point and the stress distribution at fracture. Statistical analysis of bond strengths was performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey’s post hoc test (P < 0.05). The ARI scores were analyse... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5422105 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5422105 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5422104&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F6%2F601%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions: The use of a TPA in absence of RME can be equally effective than the RME/TPA combination in PDC cases not requiring maxillary expansion, thus reducing the burden of treatment for the patient. (Source: The European Journal of Orthodontics) The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5422104 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5422104 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5422103&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F6%2Fe1%3Frss%3D1 (Source: The European Journal of Orthodontics) The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5422103 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5422103 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5260711&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F5%2F599%3Frss%3D1 (Source: The European Journal of Orthodontics) The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5260711 Tue, 27 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5260711 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5260710&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F5%2F598-a%3Frss%3D1 (Source: The European Journal of Orthodontics) The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5260710 Tue, 27 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5260710 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5260709&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F5%2F598%3Frss%3D1 (Source: The European Journal of Orthodontics) The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5260709 Tue, 27 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5260709 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5260708&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F5%2F597%3Frss%3D1 (Source: The European Journal of Orthodontics) The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5260708 Tue, 27 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5260708 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5260707&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F5%2F592%3Frss%3D1 The purpose of this study was to establish normative data for mesiodistal tooth crown dimensions with respect to malocclusions and gender differences in Turkish sample. The subjects were randomly selected and assigned to three malocclusion groups according to Angle’s classification. Each group consisted of 100 individuals between the ages of 13 and 18 years with the following distribution: Class I, 42 males and 58 females; Class II, 52 males and 48 females; and Class III, 51 males and 49 females. An electronic digital calliper was used to measure the mesiodistal tooth width from the right second permanent molar to the left second permanent molar on both upper and lower study casts. For statistical evaluation, one- and two-way analyses of variance and post hoc Tukey’s honestly s... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5260707 Tue, 27 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5260707 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5260706&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F5%2F584%3Frss%3D1 The aim of this study was to analyse serum IgG levels and salivary secretory IgA (sIgA) levels in human dentine extract (HDE) before (T0) and 6 months after (T6) orthodontic treatment and to correlate anti-HDE autoantibodies to root resorption. Fifty orthodontic patients were selected, 19 males (15.6 ± 8.5 years) and 31 females (21.4 ± 11.2 years), 19 in the mixed dentition (10.3 ± 1.9 years) and 31 in the permanent dentition (24.6 ± 9.9 years). Fifty individuals not undergoing orthodontic treatment matched by gender and age were selected as the controls. Periapical radiographs of the upper central incisors and saliva sampling were obtained of all patients at T0 and T6. Serum samples were collected from the permanent dentition patients (n = 31). Antibody levels ... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5260706 Tue, 27 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5260706 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5260705&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F5%2F577%3Frss%3D1 The aim of this study was to investigate the morphological features and distribution of biofilms on Invisalign orthodontic appliances, in a sample of ‘slow’ and ‘fast’ plaque formers using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Fifty-six Chinese male/female volunteers (aged 19–39 years) were screened for their plaque-forming rate using the plaque percentage index (PPI) coupled with digital photography and computer-based image analysis, after a period of 48 hours of abstinence from oral hygiene procedures. Eleven volunteers (seven males/four females) representing the lowest and highest ends of the plaque formation spectrum were chosen as slow and fast plaque formers, respectively. The subjects wore a full-coverage splint appliance, in which four tiles of Invisalig... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5260705 Tue, 27 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5260705 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5260704&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F5%2F570%3Frss%3D1 Retromolar space has long been identified as a major factor in the aetiology of mandibular third molar impaction. The aims of this study were to compare mandibular third molar space between the different antero-posterior (A-P) skeletal patterns, between erupted and impacted third molars in the different A-P skeletal patterns, and to report on the status of third molar eruption/impaction among the studied subjects. A total of 432 mandibular third molars in 270 subjects (132 females and 138 males) were investigated from dental pantomograms (DPTs) and lateral cephalograms (LC). The average age for the total sample was 20.80 ± 2.03 years. The subjects were divided into three groups according to their ANB angle as follows: skeletal Class I (144 third molars in 90 subjects), skeletal Clas... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5260704 Tue, 27 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5260704 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5260703&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F5%2F564%3Frss%3D1 Sex hormones are important for bone growth. However, the mechanism by which sex hormone receptors influence bone growth remains unclear. In orthodontic treatment, there is a need to develop an indicator of bone maturity to accurately predict the beginning and end of growth. This indicator might be developed from the screening of sex hormones. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of each sex hormone receptor on bone growth in newborn mice. Five-day-old C57BL/6J mice were used in this experiment. Forty mice underwent an orchiectomy (ORX), ovariectomy (OVX), or sham surgery. One week after surgery, the femur and the mandible were resected for immunohistochemical staining. Alternatively, 80 mice were daily injected with antagonist against receptors oestrogen alpha (ERα),... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5260703 Tue, 27 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5260703 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5260702&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F5%2F558%3Frss%3D1 Identifying risk factors is important to prevent a wide range of health-damaging behaviours and to improve the quality of life of young people. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between impacts on daily performance attributed to malocclusion and psychological stress in healthy young Japanese adults. Medical and oral health data were collected during a cross-sectional examination conducted by the Health Service Center of Okayama University. Systemically healthy non-smoking students aged 18 and 19 years (n = 641; 329 males and 312 females) were included. Malocclusion was defined using a modified version of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). The impacts on daily performance attributed to malocclusion and psychological stress were assessed using self-report... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5260702 Tue, 27 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5260702 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5260701&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F5%2F551%3Frss%3D1 The purpose of this study was to investigate the outcome of early interceptive treatment of primary anterior crossbites with posterior occlusal acrylic resin blocks in combination with a 2 x 4 appliance, and to examine the differences in craniofacial morphology between the stable and relapse groups. Lateral cephalograms of 46 subjects (17 males and 29 females; average mean age 4 years 2 months ± 5 months) with a primary anterior crossbite were obtained before (T0) and immediately after (T1) treatment and at a 6 year follow-up (T2). The patients were assigned to either a stable (n = 35; 13 males and 22 females) or a relapse (n = 11; 4 males and 7 females) group according to the amount of overjet when the permanent incisors had erupted. The differences in craniofacial morphology betwe... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5260701 Tue, 27 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5260701 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5260700&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F5%2F544%3Frss%3D1 This retrospective investigation was designed to assess the effects of extraction treatment on the sagittal dimensions of the maxillary and mandibular skeletal structures of growing patients. The records of 40 patients (17 girls, 23 boys; median age 10 years 11 months) whose orthodontic treatment involved extraction of four premolars were evaluated and compared with a control group of 100 patients (54 girls, 46 boys; median age 10 years 7 months) treated non-extraction. Two lateral cephalograms were obtained of each patient, the first before the extractions, T1, and the second at a later point, T2 (mean difference 59 months). Linear parameters, including S–N, the maxillary/mandibular alveolar process, and maxillary/mandibular base, were measured. The same parameters were determined i... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5260700 Tue, 27 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5260700 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5260699&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F5%2F537%3Frss%3D1 The objectives of this study were to investigate the possibility of using a picture archiving and communications system (PACS) for basic chairside cephalometric analysis and to compare PACS with hand-tracing and on-screen digitization using a commercial program (Dolphin Imaging PlusTM Version 10.0). One hundred digital lateral cephalometric radiographs were selected and analysed using the Eastman analysis. Angular and linear measurements were recorded and a single operator traced each radiograph twice, using each of the following methods: PACS, hand-tracing, and DolphinTM Imaging. The British Standards Institution Coefficient of Repeatability was used to investigate repeatability within each method and the Bland and Altman method to investigate systematic and random errors between methods.... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5260699 Tue, 27 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5260699 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5260698&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F5%2F533%3Frss%3D1 The aim of this study was to compare the stability of mini-implants using drill-free and drilling methods, both before and after early force loading. Sixty-two adolescent patients (24 males and 38 females, mean age 15.7 ± 4.2 years) were randomly assigned to three groups and 112 titanium mini-implants were placed between the upper first molars and second premolars to achieve molar distalization. Groups I (n = 22) and II (n = 20) received pilot drilling with diameters of 1.1 and 0.9 mm, respectively, while the drill-free method was used in group III (n = 20). Distalization forces of up to 200 g were applied with nickel-titanium (NiTi) open coil springs. The Z-test was used for statistical analyses to compare the success rates of the groups with each other. The overall success rate wa... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5260698 Tue, 27 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5260698 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5260697&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F5%2F528%3Frss%3D1 The purpose of this retrospective study was to elucidate potential confounding factors affecting initial stability of miniscrews inserted to enhance orthodontic anchorage. Four hundred and seven miniscrews inserted in 168 patients treated by 17 orthodontic residents were analysed in a consecutive chart review. The outcome variable was the stability of the miniscrew, measured as a dichotomous variable, 0 if the miniscrew loosened during a 1 week period after insertion to the time of orthodontic force application and a value of 1 otherwise. Potential confounding variables examined were gender, age, jaw, insertion site, tissue type, length and diameter of the miniscrew, and number of previous insertions. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) methods were used to estimate the influence of eac... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5260697 Tue, 27 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5260697 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5260696&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F5%2F521%3Frss%3D1 The purpose of the study was to measure the in vitro shear bond strength (SBS) of metal brackets after multiple bonding and debonding with and without repeated etching. One hundred and twenty extracted premolars were divided into three equal groups. In group 1, the brackets were bonded and debonded three times with repeated enamel etching and in groups 2 and 3 without repeated etching. In group 2, all composite remnants were removed before bonding, while in group 3, the remnants were levelled. Analysis of variance was used to determine significant differences in SBS with Bonferroni adjustment for the multiple testing procedures. The results showed that in group 1, the mean SBS was 11.69 MPa (SD 2.65) at the first, 14.30 MPa (SD 2.69) at the second, and 12.19 MPa (SD 2.26) at the third debo... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5260696 Tue, 27 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5260696 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5260695&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F5%2F515%3Frss%3D1 The aim of this study was to investigate upper respiratory airway dimensions in non-extraction and extraction subjects treated with minimum or maximum anchorage. Lateral cephalograms of 39 Class I subjects were divided into three groups (each containing 11 females and 2 males) according to treatment procedure: group 1, 13 patients treated with extraction of four premolars and minimum anchorage; group 2, 13 cases treated non-extraction with air-rotor stripping (ARS); and group 3, 13 bimaxillary protrusion subjects treated with extraction of four premolars and maximum anchorage. The mean ages of the patients were 18.1 ± 3.7, 17.8 ± 2.4, and 15.5 ± 0.88 years, respectively. Tongue, soft palate, hyoid position, and upper airway measurements were made on pre- and post-treat... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5260695 Tue, 27 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5260695 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5260694&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F5%2F509%3Frss%3D1 The aim of this study was to compare the skeletal and soft tissue patterns between obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) patients and control group of non-OSA patients. Fifty Malays (32 males and 18 females) aged 18–65 years divided into two equal groups 25 (17 males and 8 females) with OSA and a control group 25 subjects (15 males and 10 females). Both groups were diagnosed using polysomnography. Nineteen variables related to craniofacial skeletal and soft tissue morphology were measured on lateral cephalometric films. Analysis of covariance was used to compare the means between the two groups. The results showed that OSA subjects had a significant increase in body mass index (BMI) and neck circumference than the control group. The soft palate and tongue were longer and thicker in OSA pati... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5260694 Tue, 27 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5260694 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5260693&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F5%2F503%3Frss%3D1 The root of the third permanent molar is the only dental structure that continues development after completion of growth of the second permanent molar. It is claimed that the lack of a clearly defined end point for completion of growth of the third permanent molar means that this tooth cannot be used for dental age assessment. The aim of this study was to estimate the mean age of attainment of the four stages (E, F, G, and H) of root development of the third molar. The way in which the end point of completion of stage H can be identified is described. A total of 1223 dental panoramic tomographs (DPTs) available in the archives of the Eastman Dental Hospital, London, were used for this study. The ages of the subjects ranged from 12.6 to 24.9 years with 63 per cent of the sample being female... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5260693 Tue, 27 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5260693 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5260692&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F5%2F498%3Frss%3D1 Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a rare, well-defined skeletal disorder with autosomal dominant inheritance and complete penetrance. Although it involves the whole skeletal system, the main clinical manifestations of CCD are malformations of the skull and clavicles, which lead to a typical appearance of the face and shoulders. Dental aspects are particularly evident and often eruption difficulties are the first indication for the patient, who does not present any other problem. It has been established that insufficiency of the RUNX-related transcription factor, the core-binding factor alpha 1 (CBFA1) protein, causes CCD. This protein is essential in skeletal development by regulating osteoblast differentiation and chondrocyte maturation. CBFA1 protein is encoded by the RUNX2 gene located o... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5260692 Tue, 27 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5260692 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5260691&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F5%2F492%3Frss%3D1 The aim of the study was to determine whether there are differences in dental age (DA) using the method of Demirjian, in patients with impacted buccal or palatal maxillary canines in relation to unaffected controls. DA was estimated using Demirjian’s method on panoramic radiographs of two groups of Caucasian patients. The study group consisted of 116 patients aged from 12 to 16 years (80 females and 36 males) that was further divided into 54 patients with unilateral or bilateral palatally impacted maxillary canines and 62 patients with buccally positioned canines. The control group of 116 subjects without canine impaction was matched to the study group by age and gender. Calculated DAs and differences between dental and chronological age (CA) were compared between the groups. Statist... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5260691 Tue, 27 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5260691 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5260690&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F5%2F483%3Frss%3D1 The aims of this retrospective computed tomography (CT) study were to determine the occurrence of severe root resorption involving the pulpal canal of adjacent permanent teeth associated with ectopically erupting canines, and to verify the existence of related factors. The sample consisted of 255 consecutive patients (159 females and 96 males, mean age 18.4 and 16.8 years, respectively). Three hundred and thirty-four ectopic maxillary canines and adjacent teeth were analysed using CT images. Statistical significance was evaluated with chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. The results showed that severe root resorption of adjacent permanent teeth occurred in 17.7 per cent of ectopic canines and was equally common in females and males. Severe root resorption affected 12.6 per cent of the late... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5260690 Tue, 27 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5260690 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5260689&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F5%2F476%3Frss%3D1 This study ascertained the influence of orthodontic appliances on subjective ratings for social competence (SC), intellectual ability (IA), psychological adjustment (PA), and attractiveness in young adult orthodontic patients. A cross-sectional analytical questionnaire study was conducted with 130 undergraduates from the UK. Each participant was asked to look at a single, randomly assigned colour photograph of a young adult female and then asked to make judgements concerning her personal characteristics. Five modified photographs of the same young adult female were used: (1) no appliance, (2) stainless steel fixed orthodontic appliance, (3) ceramic fixed orthodontic appliance, (4) gold fixed orthodontic appliance, and (5) clear colourless aligner. Likert scales with higher scores indicatin... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5260689 Tue, 27 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5260689 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5260688&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F5%2F468%3Frss%3D1 This study provides further evidence of the appropriateness of the FEA as an investigational tool in relevant research. (Source: The European Journal of Orthodontics) The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5260688 Tue, 27 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5260688 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5260687&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F5%2F467%3Frss%3D1 (Source: The European Journal of Orthodontics) The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5260687 Tue, 27 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5260687 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5079491&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F4%2F466%3Frss%3D1 (Source: The European Journal of Orthodontics) The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5079491 Fri, 29 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5079491 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5079490&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F4%2F461%3Frss%3D1 The aim of the present study was to determine any association between tooth transposition and bridging of the sella turcica, given the evidence of common embryonic origins associated with these structures and a genetic basis underlying these two conditions. Clinical records of subjects demonstrating dental transposition and normal controls were collected from several hospital orthodontic departments and specialist orthodontic practices. All cases and controls were documented with good quality lateral cephalometric radiographs and dental panoramic tomograms (DPTs). The study sample consisted of 21 Caucasian subjects (7 males and 14 females; mean age 14.5 years; SD 2.2 years), demonstrating either maxillary or mandibular dental transposition. The control group, matched for age and gender to ... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5079490 Fri, 29 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5079490 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5079489&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F4%2F457%3Frss%3D1 This study compared the moments produced by V-bends placed in rectangular nickel titanium (NiTi) orthodontic wire to those produced in titanium–molybdenum alloy (TMA). V-bends that included angles of 135, 150, and 165 degrees were heat set into 0.017 x 0.025 and 0.016 x 0.025 inch NiTi alloy wires and identical bends bent into TMA wires with a dimension of 0.018 x 0.025 and 0.016 x 0.022 inch. There were five specimens per group (N = 60). The moments produced by each specimen were tested on a custom jig that aligned two lower incisor brackets with zero tip or torque at an interbracket distance of 15 mm. The upper bracket was connected to a moment transducer. The V-bend position for each specimen was varied in 1 mm increments towards the moment transducer. The moments produced by TMA ... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5079489 Fri, 29 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5079489 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5079488&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F4%2F450%3Frss%3D1 The purposes of this study were to rate the attractiveness of different smile variables, to compare the perception of Jordanian laypeople, general practitioners, and orthodontists to altered smile aesthetics, and to identify the threshold where different variables begin to impair smile aesthetics. A smiling photograph of a female dental student was selected and digitally manipulated to create changes in buccal corridor space (BCS), the amount of gingival display, and the midline diastema. These altered images were rated by three groups of Jordanians: 200 laypeople (100 females and 100 males), 200 general practitioners (100 females and 100 males), and 160 orthodontists (40 females and 120 males). Smile aesthetics scores were calculated and comparisons between groups were performed using the... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5079488 Fri, 29 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5079488 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5079487&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F4%2F441%3Frss%3D1 The purpose of this study was to evaluate the craniofacial growth of Colombian mestizos. Four age cohorts, including a total of 458 children and adolescents (262 males and 216 females), were included in this mixed-longitudinal study. The cohorts were first measured at ages 6, 9, 12, and 15 and every year thereafter for 3 years. Eight anthropometric measurements were taken, including three cranial (head perimeter, head width, and head length), two craniofacial (maxillary and mandibular length), and three facial (face height, bizygomatic width, and bigonial width). Multilevel analyses showed that all dimensions increased between 6 and 17 years of age. The cranium grew less than the craniofacial, which in turn grew less than the facial dimensions. In addition, vertical dimensions showed more ... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5079487 Fri, 29 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5079487 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5079486&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F4%2F434%3Frss%3D1 The purpose of this study was to explore the level of knowledge in biostatistics of orthodontic postgraduate students. A four-section questionnaire, which included a knowledge test/quiz on biostatistics and epidemiology, was developed. This questionnaire was distributed to postgraduate programme directors of European universities to be delivered to students for completion under mock examination conditions (in-class session). The frequency distributions of demographic characteristics were examined, the percentages of participants who agreed or strongly agreed with each attitudinal statement were calculated, and the percentages of participants who felt fairly to highly confident for each statement were determined. Knowledge scores were calculated by the percentage of correct answers; missing... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5079486 Fri, 29 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5079486 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5079485&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F4%2F427%3Frss%3D1 The aims of this investigation were to determine whether stabilization of maximum voluntary bite force (MVBF) occurs between 15 and 18 years of age in subjects with a normal occlusion, and to assess the influence of gender, body mass index (BMI), morphological occlusion, and jaw function measured by the number of occlusal contacts, overjet, overbite, maximal mouth opening, mandibular deflection during opening, sagittal slide between the retruded contact position and the intercuspal position, and number of dental restorations. The sample comprised 60 Caucasian subjects aged 15 (15 males and 15 females) and 18 (14 males and 16 females) years with a neutral occlusion, balanced facial profile, and absence of a previous orthodontic history. Bite force measurements were undertaken using a portab... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5079485 Fri, 29 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5079485 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5079484&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F4%2F419%3Frss%3D1 The aim of this study was to examine the effects of retraction of anterior teeth and the initial soft tissue profile variables on upper and lower lip changes in Japanese adults. Pre- and post-treatment cephalometric radiographs of 33 Japanese female adults (aged 23.0 ± 5.0 years), with a Class II division 1 malocclusion, who had two or four first premolars extracted, were evaluated. Lateral cephalograms taken with the lips in a voluntary relaxed position were traced and compared. Nine linear and eight angular measurements were constructed for the hard tissue measurements and 16 linear and 2 angular for the soft tissue measurements. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that the horizontal upper lip position could be explained by the position of the maxillary incisor cervica... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5079484 Fri, 29 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5079484 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5079483&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F4%2F413%3Frss%3D1 Careful attention to malocclusion in children with special needs leads to a considerable improvement in the quality of life. The present study analysed the prevalence of malocclusion in children with Down syndrome (DS) and cerebral palsy (CP) as well as associations with individual, socio-economic, and behavioural factors. A cross-sectional study was carried out that included 181 mothers and their children with DS and CP (aged 3–12 years) at two institutions for individuals with special needs in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Data were collected using a questionnaire administered to the mothers and a dental examination of the children. Clinical examination recorded the following: anterior/posterior crossbite and anterior openbite (AOB). The control variables were the mother’s level of... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5079483 Fri, 29 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5079483 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5079482&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F4%2F407%3Frss%3D1 The aim of this study was to investigate if debonding microspheres (DM) could enhance electrothermal orthodontic debonding, and specifically to evaluate if the addition of DM, in varying concentrations to the orthodontic adhesive process, will affect bond strength. Bovine teeth (n = 8) were mounted in acrylic using a silicone mould. Four test groups of three preparations of primer (Rely-a-Bond) with DM and a control were examined. Five incisor brackets were bonded to each tooth using the assigned primer and cold cure composite (Rely-a-Bond). Bracket tensile bond strength was measured in vitro in an Instron machine and recorded as debonding force (N). Differences between the groups were statistically analysed using analysis of variance, and repeatability was assessed. The mean debonding for... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5079482 Fri, 29 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5079482 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5079481&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F4%2F402%3Frss%3D1 The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of applying a sustained seating force during bonding on the adhesive layer and on shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets. Forty human premolars divided into two groups were included in the study. Stainless steel brackets were bonded to the premolars with Transbond XT light cure adhesive and Transbond Plus Self Etch Primer (SEP). The brackets in both groups were subjected to an initial seating force of 300 g for 3 seconds, sufficient to position the bracket. The seating force was maintained throughout the 40 seconds of light curing in group 2. SBS was tested 24 hours after bracket bonding with a shear blade using an Instron testing unit at a crosshead speed of 2 mm/minute. A Student’s t-test was used to compare th... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5079481 Fri, 29 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5079481 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5079480&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F4%2F396%3Frss%3D1 In this study, the threshold torque values resulting in the fracture of various mini-implant types and diameters were evaluated. Forty-one different mini-implants with diameters ranging from 1.3 to 2.0 mm (Aarhus screw, Abso Anchor, Ancora, Bone screw, Dual Top, Lomas, MAS, O.S.A.S, Ortho Easy, Spider Screw, and Tomas pin) were inserted in acrylic glass by a robot system. Ten specimens of each mini-implant type were tested. The insertion torque was measured and the maximum torque at the time of mini-implant fracture was evaluated. Significance of the mean value differences was evaluated by Kruskal–Wallis tests. Fracture moments varied depending on the diameter of the mini-implants. The measured values ranged from 108.9 Nmm (MAS 1.3 x 11 mm) to 640.9 Nmm (Lomas 2.0 x 11 mm). The diffe... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5079480 Fri, 29 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5079480 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5079479&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F4%2F388%3Frss%3D1 The aim of this study was to investigate, over a period of approximately 3 years, the reactions to orthodontic loading of a type V titanium miniscrew. In this retrospective study, conducted in a private practice, the records of 300 miniscrews inserted in 132 consecutive patients (80 females, 60.6 per cent) by the same surgeon were evaluated. The mean age of the patients was 23.2 years. Three types of miniscrews (type A: diameter 1.5 mm, length 9 mm; type B: diameter 1.5 mm, length 11 mm; and type C: diameter 1.3 mm, length 11 mm) were used. The clinical variables evaluated included the loading time and location of the miniscrew in relation to the gingiva and root. The success rates with different variables were compared using chi-square or Fisher’s exact test where appropriate. A cum... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5079479 Fri, 29 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5079479 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5079478&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F4%2F381%3Frss%3D1 Mini-implants are widely utilized as anchorage units in orthodontic treatment. Nevertheless, there are factors that interfere with their clinical performance. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of length and diameter on the primary stability of two different types of orthodontic mini-implants loaded with two force levels. A total of 90 self-drilling mini-implants were inserted in bovine ribs in vitro, 62 of which were used in data analysis. The mini-implants were of two types, Aarhus (n = 29) and Lomas (n = 33), of two lengths (7 and 9 mm, n = 26 and n = 28, respectively), and of two diameters (1.5 and 2 mm, Lomas only, n = 6 and n = 8, respectively). A closed nickel–titanium (NiTi) coil spring was attached to each mini-implant. Half of the preparations were loaded with ... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5079478 Fri, 29 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5079478 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5079477&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F4%2F377%3Frss%3D1 The aim of this study was to establish orthodontic treatment need according to the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) and Aesthetic Component (AC) and Dental Health Component (DHC) of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) and to determine its association with gender among Saharan schoolchildren. The study was carried out in accordance with World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations for oral health surveys at 12 years of age. The sample comprised 248 Sahrawi children (135 girls and 113 boys) living in refugee camps in Tindouf, Algeria. None of the children had previously received any orthodontic treatment. A chi-square test was used to analyse the IOTN results by gender, and a Student's t-test was employed for the DAI results. The mean DAI was 23.32 with a standard deviation of 6.05... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5079477 Fri, 29 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5079477 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5079476&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F4%2F372%3Frss%3D1 The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of facial clefting in Cambridge, UK, using multiple resources of ascertainment and to relate the findings to antenatal ultrasound screening (AUS) detection rates. AUS records from an obstetric ultrasound department, post-natal records from the regional craniofacial unit, and autopsy reports of foetuses over 16 weeks’ gestational age from a regional pathology department from 1993 to 1997 were retrospectively reviewed. Cross-referencing between the three data sets identified all cases of facial clefts. Of 23 577 live and stillbirths, 30 had facial clefts. AUS detected 17 of these. Sixteen of the 30 had isolated facial clefts. Others had associated anomalies, chromosomal defects, or syndromes. Percentages and confidence intervals were... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5079476 Fri, 29 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5079476 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5079475&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F4%2F365%3Frss%3D1 A reduction in mechanical loading of the mandible brought about by mastication of soft food is assumed to decrease the remodelling rate of bone, which, in turn, might increase the degree of bone mineralization. The effect of a reduction in masticatory functional load on the degree and distribution of mineralization of mandibular bone was investigated in male juvenile New Zealand White rabbits. The experimental animals (n = 8) had been raised on a diet of soft pellets from 8 to 20 weeks of age, while the controls (n = 8) had been fed pellets of normal hardness. The degree of mineralization of bone (DMB) was assessed at the attachment sites of various jaw muscles, the condylar head, and the alveolar process. Differences between groups and among sites were tested for statistical significance ... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5079475 Fri, 29 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5079475 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5079474&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F4%2F359%3Frss%3D1 Skeletal muscle fibres can change their myosin heavy-chain (MyHC) isoform and cross-sectional area, which determine their contraction velocity and maximum force generation, respectively, to adapt to varying functional loads. In general, reduced muscle activity induces transition towards faster fibres and a decrease in fibre cross-sectional area. In order to investigate the effect of a reduction in masticatory load on three functionally different jaw muscles, the MyHC composition and the corresponding cross-sectional area of fibres were determined in the superficial masseter, superficial temporalis, and digastric muscles of male juvenile New Zealand White rabbits that had been raised on a soft diet (n = 8) from 8 to 20 weeks of age and in those of normal diet controls (n = 8). Differences b... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5079474 Fri, 29 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5079474 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5079473&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F4%2F354%3Frss%3D1 The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a differently designed functional appliance (the R-appliance) with a twin-block (TB)-treated group. Thirty patients (18 girls and 12 boys) with a mean age of 10.5 ± 0.7 years were treated with the R-appliance for 16.2 ± 0.3 months and 25 (11 boys and 14 girls) with a mean age of 11.2 ± 1.3 years with a TB for 16.1 ± 1.4 months (control). All had a Class II division 1 malocclusion due to mandibular deficiency. Lateral cephalograms obtained at the beginning (T1) and end (T2) of the study were analysed. Paired t-tests showed that SNB significantly increased in both groups. The incisor mandibular plane angle (IMPA) was reduced in the R-appliance group by 1.9 ± 4.9 degrees (P < 0.04) but increased by 0... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5079473 Fri, 29 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5079473 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5079472&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F4%2F350%3Frss%3D1 Traditionally, cephalometric analysis has been carried out using a hand-tracing manual method. In imaging, picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) are information management systems used for the capture and measurement of medical and dental radiographs. Although not customized for lateral cephalometry, this study aimed to evaluate the cephalometric measurements made on screen using PACS compared with the conventional hand-tracing method. Six angular and four liner parameters were measured on five radiographs of four females and one male with an age range of 14–20 years. Analysis was completed using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. For the electronic method, SNB (P = 0.04) and lower incisor angle (P = 0.05) were the only parameters found to be significantly different between the... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5079472 Fri, 29 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5079472 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5079471&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F4%2F344%3Frss%3D1 The aim of this study was to evaluate whether there is any difference in the diagnostic information provided by conventional two-dimensional (2D) images or by three-dimensional (3D) cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in subjects with unerupted maxillary canines. Twenty-seven patients (17 females and 10 males, mean age 11.8 years) undergoing orthodontic treatment with 39 impacted or retained maxillary canines were included. For each canine, two different digital image sets were obtained: (1) A 2D image set including a panoramic radiograph, a lateral cephalogram, and the available periapical radiographs with different projections and (2) A 3D image set obtained with CBCT. Both sets of images were submitted, in a single-blind randomized order, to eight dentists. A questionnaire was used to ... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5079471 Fri, 29 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5079471 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5079470&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F4%2F335%3Frss%3D1 The differentiation and functions of osteoclasts are regulated by receptor activator of nuclear factor-B (RANK)/receptor activator of nuclear factor-B ligand (RANKL) system that stimulates osteoclasts formation. Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) is also essential for osteoclastogenesis. A recent immunocytochemical study reported that RANKL/RANK and M-CSF/c-fms were localized in the periodontal ligament of rat molars during experimental orthodontic tooth movement. The present study focused on the expressions of RANKL/RANK and M-CSF/c-fms in root resorption area during experimental tooth movement in rats. Forty 6-week-old male Wistar rats were subjected to an orthodontic force of 10 or 50 g with a closed coil spring (wire size: 0.005 inch, diameter: 1/12 inch) ligated to the maxil... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5079470 Fri, 29 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5079470 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4864156&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F3%2F332-a%3Frss%3D1 (Source: The European Journal of Orthodontics) The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4864156 Wed, 25 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4864156 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4864155&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F3%2F332%3Frss%3D1 (Source: The European Journal of Orthodontics) The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4864155 Wed, 25 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4864155 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4864154&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F3%2F325%3Frss%3D1 The aims of the study were to identify craniofacial characteristics in patients with the rough hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) phenotype and to evaluate whether craniofacial variables are related to a mutation in either of the two genes associated with AI, enamelin (ENAM) and amelogenin (AMGX). Eight children (five males and three females) with rough hypoplastic AI phenotype, aged 6.5–15 years, from three families and their parents (three males and three females) were examined clinically, radiographically, and genetically. Seventeen variables were measured on lateral cephalometric radiographs in AI affected (n = 11) and AI unaffected (n = 3) members. Craniofacial measurements were statistically analysed using a Student's t-test. In all 14 individuals, mutation analysis of th... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4864154 Wed, 25 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4864154 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4864153&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F3%2F318%3Frss%3D1 Oral appliances (OAs) are increasingly advocated as a treatment option for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). However, it is unclear how their different design features influence treatment efficacy. The aim of this research was to systematically review the evidence on the efficacy of different OAs on polysomnographic indices of OSA. A MeSH and text word search were developed for Medline, Embase, Cinahl, and the Cochrane library. The initial search identified 1475 references, of which 116 related to studies comparing OAs with control appliances. Among those, 14 were randomized controlled trials (RCTs), which formed the basis of this review. The type of OA investigated in these trials was mandibular advancement devices (MADs), which were compared with either inactive appliances (six studies) or... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4864153 Wed, 25 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4864153 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4864152&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F3%2F311%3Frss%3D1 This study aimed to evaluate the malocclusions of patients with a cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) and to compare malocclusion characteristics between subjects with a pre-foramen incisor cleft (PIC) and a trans-foramen incisor cleft (TIC). A cross-sectional study was conducted of 117 cleft patients (53 per cent male) aged 6–37 years (mean age 14.7 ± 7.4 years) who attended the Dental Specialty Center in the city of Fortaleza, Brazil, between 2004 and 2007. Oral clefts were classified and radiographic examinations and dental casts were analysed to determine malocclusions and facial patterns. Malocclusion measurements were compared between the PIC and TIC groups by Mann–Whitney and Fisher's exact tests. The percentage of subjects with PIC, TIC, post-foramen incisor cleft, and... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4864152 Wed, 25 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4864152 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4864151&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F3%2F305%3Frss%3D1 The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that there is no difference between the soft tissue profile of Croatian and white North American adults. Facial profile photographs were taken of 110 Croatians (52 males and 58 females) with normal occlusions and well-balanced faces (age 22–29 years). The findings were also compared with a white Brazilian group. An independent Student's t-test (P < 0.05) was used to compare the soft tissue parameters of Croatians with those of North Americans and to assess gender differences. The soft tissue profile measurements that showed significant gender dimorphism (P < 0.001) were the true vertical line [(TVL)-nasal tip (NT)] and TVL-point B, indicating that the males had slightly greater nasal prominence (mean difference: 1.32 mm) and deepe... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4864151 Wed, 25 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4864151 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4864150&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F3%2F298%3Frss%3D1 The aim of this study was to evaluate survival and success rates following autotransplantation of permanent maxillary canine teeth. Sixty-three cases of maxillary canine autotransplantation from 49 subjects (mean age at transplantation 21.8 years, range 13–42.1 years) undertaken between 1977 and 2003 were collected as part of an audit project of transplantation success. All maxillary canines had complete root development at the time of transplantation. The sample was divided into two groups, a matched case–control study to compare 27 unilateral transplanted canines with the non-transplanted canine on the contralateral side, and all 63 transplanted canines with no controls. Teeth were assessed clinically using established criteria for success: tooth presence for survival and res... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4864150 Wed, 25 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4864150 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4864149&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F3%2F293%3Frss%3D1 The aims of this study were to investigate the torsional properties of three experimental titanium miniscrew implants for orthodontic anchorage and to determine the relationship between the torsional properties and metallurgical structures. Experimental miniscrew implants with a diameter of 1.4 mm were fabricated from commercially pure (CP) titanium (alpha-titanium), Ti-4Al-4V (duplex alpha-beta-titanium), and Ti-33Nb-15Ta-6Zr (beta-titanium). Micro-X-ray diffraction (XRD) was performed to identify phases, and microstructures of etched cross-sections were obtained with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Implants were loaded in torsion (n = 5), and mean moments and twist angles at fracture were statistically compared using the Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U-tests. Cyclic tor... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4864149 Wed, 25 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4864149 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4864148&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F3%2F288%3Frss%3D1 An average rate of bracket loss of between 4.7 and 6 per cent is to be expected in daily clinical orthodontic practice during a typical 2 year treatment period. For reasons of economy, detached brackets are commonly reattached after sandblasting to remove adhesive, or replaced with used brackets reconditioned by specialist companies. In the present study, sandblasting and specialist bracket-reconditioning procedures were systematically compared by comparative shear testing of rebonded, reconditioned, and new brackets (n = 160) using light- and chemically cured adhesives. Statistical analysis was carried out with Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests. The mean bond strength of reconditioned brackets was, in each case, lower than that of new brackets, with the lowest value obtain... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4864148 Wed, 25 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4864148 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4864147&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F3%2F282%3Frss%3D1 The purpose of the study was to evaluate and compare the effects of topical application of casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) and fluoride on the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets bonded to human premolar teeth. Eighty extracted human premolar teeth were cleansed of soft tissue, then polished with non-fluoridated pumice, and immersed in water for 1–3 months until testing. The teeth were randomly divided into four groups: group 1, control, without pre-treatment of the enamel; group 2, the enamel was treated with 5 per cent sodium fluoride varnish for 4 minutes; group 3, the enamel was treated with CPP-ACP for 3 minutes; and group 4, the enamel was treated with 5 per cent sodium fluoride and CPP-ACP. All bonded specimens were immersed in d... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4864147 Wed, 25 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4864147 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4864146&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F3%2F276%3Frss%3D1 The purpose of this study was to compare the tensile bond strengths of orthodontic brackets bonded to enamel using conventional multi-step adhesive, self-etching primer (SEP), which combines etching and priming into a single step, and self-adhesive systems, which combine etchant, primer, and adhesive. Metal brackets were bonded to 90 extracted human premolars according to three experimental protocols: group 1, conventional multi-step adhesive system; group 2, SEP; and group 3, self-adhesive system. All specimens were debonded using an Instron universal machine and failures between the tooth surface and bracket base were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The bracket bases were then analysed by mapping of energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrometry to calculate the distributive ... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4864146 Wed, 25 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4864146 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4864145&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F3%2F270%3Frss%3D1 Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) is an important aspect of health outcomes and its assessment should be made using validated instruments. The psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics questionnaire (PIDAQ) is an OHRQoL instrument that assesses the psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics was developed and validated for use on young adults. The aim of the present study was to assess the reliability, validity, and applicability of the PIDAQ for young adults in Brazil. After translation and cross-cultural adaptation, the questionnaire was completed by 245 individuals (124 males and 121 females) aged 18–30 years from the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. In order to test discriminant validity, the subjects were examined for the presence or absence of malocclusion based on the de... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4864145 Wed, 25 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4864145 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4864144&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F3%2F263%3Frss%3D1 This study aimed to determine whether SEP can predict orthodontic treatment outcome at the end of 1 year of active treatment. A hospital-based, prospective longitudinal design was adopted including 145 consecutively selected 12- to 16-year-old males and females. Patients were followed-up on a monthly basis during their orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. After 1 year of treatment, orthodontic treatment outcome was assessed as the amount of improvement in occlusion achieved. Logistic regression analysis was used. The response rate was 98.6 per cent and the dropout was 5.6 per cent. Adolescents whose mothers were from a low social class were less likely to achieve a high improvement in occlusion than those whose mothers were from a high social class [odds ratio (OR) = 0.1; 95 per ce... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4864144 Wed, 25 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4864144 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4864143&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F3%2F256%3Frss%3D1 In order to apply high, short-term forces during rapid maxillary expansion (RME) to the sutures of the maxilla with minimum loss of force and without causing unwanted side-effects (dentoalveolar tipping, etc.), the appliance should be as rigid as possible. The retention arms of the RME screws, representing a particularly vulnerable and stressed weak point of RME appliances, were the focus of this laboratory technical study. Retention arms of 16 types of RME screws comprising four arms and one with eight arms were examined using a three-point bending test. According to their ability to absorb the applied bending loads, the screws were classified in product groups from 1 (highest) to 6 (lowest). Fifteen of the tested retention arms (stainless steel), despite having the same diameter (1.48&nd... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4864143 Wed, 25 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4864143 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4864142&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F3%2F250%3Frss%3D1 The presence of dental anomalies has been rated radiographically in a number of studies. However, since the reliability of the assessment of these anomalies has rarely been investigated, the aim of this study was to examine inter- and intraexaminer agreement in identifying morphological dental anomalies, such as tooth agenesis, dilacerated, pipette-shaped, blunt, pointed, and short roots. Pre-treatment panoramic radiographs of 40 patients (13 males and 27 females; mean age 27.7 ± 10.8 years) treated between 1983 and 2008 were selected. Four examiners independently assessed the radiographs twice. For a dilacerated root and agenesis, a definition was given. For pipette-shaped, blunt, or pointed roots, a drawing was shown, and for a short root, a ratio was used to identify the anomaly.... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4864142 Wed, 25 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4864142 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4864141&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F3%2F243%3Frss%3D1 Although it has been suggested that an imbalance in buccolingual pressure may play a role in dental compensation of the molars and asymmetry in the mandibular dental arch in subjects with facial asymmetry, it is still unclear whether buccolingual pressure is associated with this phenomenon. Thus, the purpose of this study was to test the null hypothesis that there are no differences in cheek and tongue pressure between the shifted and non-shifted sides in 12 (8 females and 4 males, mean age: 24.9 years) subjects with facial asymmetry defined as 4 mm or more deviation of the midline in the mandibular incisors. The resting buccolingual pressure on the bilateral mandibular first molars was measured simultaneously using four miniature pressure sensors. Moreover, a postero-anterior (PA) cephalo... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4864141 Wed, 25 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4864141 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4864140&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F3%2F236%3Frss%3D1 The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of mandibular asymmetries during the mixed dentition in growing children. For this purpose, a retrospective study was designed where various measurements were performed on the right and left sides of the mandible of panoramic radiographs of 327 children (males: 169; females: 158), 8–12 years old. Four linear measurements, mandibular ramus height, ramus width, corpus height, and corpus length, and two angles, mandibular gonial (Go) and mandibular condyle (Co), and the developmental stage of the permanent lower second molar were analysed. All measurements were adjusted for the magnification factor. The final data were then processed for the asymmetry index (AI) to determine the severity of the asymmetries and statistically an... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4864140 Wed, 25 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4864140 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4864139&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F3%2F228%3Frss%3D1 The objectives of this study were to evaluate (1) the impact of maxillary incisor inclination on the aesthetics of the profile view of a smile, (2) to determine the most aesthetic inclination in the profile view of a smile and correlate it with facial features, and (3) to determine if dentists, orthodontists, and laypeople appreciate differently incisor inclination in smile aesthetics. A smiling profile photograph of a female subject (22 years of age) who fulfilled the criteria of soft tissue normative values and a balanced smile was obtained. The photograph was manipulated to simulate six lingual and labial inclinations at 5 degree increments to a maximum of 15 degrees. The seven photographs were randomly distributed in a binder to three groups of raters (30 dentists, 30 orthodontists, an... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4864139 Wed, 25 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4864139 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4864138&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F3%2F221%3Frss%3D1 The mechanism of active eruption of molars was examined in 36 male adolescent Wistar rats. Histological, histochemical [tetracycline (TC) labelling and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity], and immunohistochemical [transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, -β2, and -β3] investigations were conducted of the rat molar areas. Real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for mRNA of TGF-β was performed on the periodontal ligament (PDL) dissected out by laser capture microdissection. TC labelling lines showed that a considerable amount of bone formation occurred in the alveolar crest region, apical region, and intraradicular septum, indicating that the maxillary molars had moved downward. However, the periodontal fibres revealed a regular arrangement (... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4864138 Wed, 25 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4864138 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4623204&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F2%2F220%3Frss%3D1 (Source: The European Journal of Orthodontics) The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4623204 Wed, 23 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4623204 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4623203&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F2%2F212%3Frss%3D1 This prospective cohort study evaluated the use of videofluoroscopy in assessing changes in both antero-posterior (A-P) and transverse pharyngeal airway dimensions in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Forty patients [32 males and 8 females; mean age of 49.3 (SD = 10.79) years] with confirmed OSA, referred for mandibular advancement appliance (MAA) therapy were recruited. Patients received a customized Herbst MAA, adjusted for maximum comfortable protrusion. A standard lateral cephalogram, supine A-P, and transverse videofluoroscopic investigations were performed. Repeat supine videofluoroscopic investigations were undertaken with the MAA in situ. Parametric tests were used to evaluate the study hypotheses as the data were normally distributed. A paired t-test was employed to de... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4623203 Wed, 23 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4623203 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4623202&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F2%2F205%3Frss%3D1 The purpose of this study was to determine the cephalometric norms of typical Chinese young adult subjects with normal occlusions and well-balanced faces and to compare these norms with those derived from a matched Caucasian sample. Lateral cephalograms of 65 untreated Chinese adults (25 males, mean age 19.3 ± 3.0 years and 40 females, mean age 20.3 ± 3.4 years) were compared with a sample of 90 untreated Caucasian adults (30 males, mean age 24.1 ± 5.7 years and 60 females, mean age 22.9 ± 5.2 years). Each lateral cephalogram was traced and digitized, and conventional cephalometric analyses were applied. Independent sample t-tests were used to compare the values between the two ethic samples. Smaller midfaces and shorter mandibles were observed in Chinese young ... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4623202 Wed, 23 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4623202 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4623201&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F2%2F198%3Frss%3D1 The aim of the present study was to examine the craniofacial morphologic characteristics of different vertical dysplasias in a population of Chinese adults with normal occlusion. Sixty-nine subjects (39 males and 30 females) were selected from 800 healthy students between 18 and 24 years of age. Lateral cephalograms were obtained and 27 hard and 10 soft tissue measurements were analysed. The subjects were then divided into three groups: high angle, low angle, or control according to the value of FH–MP. Intraclass correlation coefficient was determined for the repeated measurements. One-way analysis of variance was used to determine the differences between the groups. The results showed that the low-angle group had a larger cranial basis angle (N–S–Ar) and the high-angle g... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4623201 Wed, 23 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4623201 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4623200&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F2%2F190%3Frss%3D1 The purpose of this study was to systematically review the orthodontic literature to assess the effectiveness of a prediction of outcome of orthodontic treatment in subjects with a Class III malocclusion. A structured search of electronic databases, as well as hand searching, retrieved 232 publications concerning the topic. Following application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 14 studies remained. Among other data, sample ethnicity, treatment method, age at the start and completion of treatment, age at follow-up, outcome measures, and identified predictors were extracted from the relevant studies. A subjective assessment of study quality was performed. The heterogeneity of the samples and treatment methods prevented carrying out a meta-analysis. Thirty-eight different predictors of tr... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4623200 Wed, 23 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4623200 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4623199&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F2%2F185%3Frss%3D1 The aim of this retrospective study was to cephalometrically evaluate and compare the skeletal and dental effects of a transverse sagittal maxillary expander (TSME) and a Hyrax-type expander (RME) in children with maxillary hypoplasia. Fifty subjects (26 males and 24 females), aged from 6 to 15 years, with a maxillary crossbite caused by basal apical narrowness, were divided into two equal groups. Twenty-five were treated with a TSME and the other 25 with a RME. For each patient, a lateral cephalogram was obtained before treatment (T0) and at the end of the retention period (T1). Changes in the two groups during the observation period were calculated, compared, and statistically analysed with a paired samples t -test. In the TSME group, SNP–A, I SN, and I FH and in the RME group SN&n... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4623199 Wed, 23 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4623199 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4623198&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F2%2F180%3Frss%3D1 The purpose of this study was to compare the bond strengths and debonded interfaces achieved with light-cured resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) and conventional light-cured composite resin. In addition, the effects of acid etching and water contamination were examined. One hundred human premolars were randomly divided into five equal groups. The mini Dyna-lock upper premolar bracket was selected for testing. The first four groups were treated with light-cured RMGIC with or without 15 per cent phosphoric acid-etching treatment and with or without water contamination preceding bracket bonding. The control samples were treated with the conventional light-cured Transbond composite resin under acid etching and without water contamination. Subsequently, the brackets were debonded by te... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4623198 Wed, 23 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4623198 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4623197&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F2%2F174%3Frss%3D1 The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of surface conditioning protocols on the shear bond strength (SBS) of metal brackets to aged composite resin surfaces in vitro. Ninety composite resin discs, 6 mm in diameter and 2 mm in height, were prepared and treated with an ageing procedure. After ageing, the specimens were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: (1) control with no surface treatment, (2) 38 per cent phosphoric acid gel, (3) 9.6 per cent hydrofluoric acid gel, (4) airborne aluminium trioxide particle abrasion, (5) sodium bicarbonate particle abrasion, and (6) diamond bur. The metal brackets were bonded to composite surfaces by means of an orthodontic adhesive (Transbond XT). All specimens were stored in water for 1 week at 37°C and then thermocycled (1... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4623197 Wed, 23 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4623197 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4623196&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F2%2F167%3Frss%3D1 Three types of experimental resin cements with different curing systems, dual, light, and chemical, were designed. The relationship between the flexural strengths of the three experimental and five commercial (Beauty Ortho Bond, TransbondTM XT, Light Cure Bond, Kurasper® F, and Super Bond) orthodontic resin cements on the tensile bond strength (TBS) and shear bond strength (SBS) of metal brackets to enamel was determined. Seven specimen bars of each resin were prepared for measuring the flexural strengths of the resins. Bonded specimens of each resin were prepared, seven for measuring TBS and seven SBS for after bonding of a metal bracket to a maxillary central human labial anterior tooth using experimental and commercial resin cements. The results were analysed by one-way analysis of ... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4623196 Wed, 23 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4623196 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4623195&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F2%2F161%3Frss%3D1 The aim of this study was to compare the shear bond strength (SBS) of brackets bonded to fluorosed and non-fluorosed teeth with self-etching primer (SEP) and phosphoric acid (PA). The study involved 40 mildly fluorosed [Thylstrup–Fejerskov (TFT) Index = 1–3] and 40 non-fluorosed human premolar teeth. The fluorosed and non-fluorosed teeth were randomly divided into two subgroups. In the first subgroup, 37 per cent PA was applied for 30 seconds and in the second, a SEP (Transbond Plus) was used. The brackets were bonded with light-cure adhesive paste (Transbond XT) and cured for 20 seconds. The SBSs were measured after 1000 thermocyclies. Two-way analysis of variance, Tukey's multiple comparison test, and Weibull analysis were used for the evaluation of SBS values. Bond failure l... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4623195 Wed, 23 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4623195 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4623194&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F2%2F155%3Frss%3D1 The purpose of this research was to investigate whether anterior dental alignment in 8- to 10-year-old children influences the first impressions of their peers, and to verify the validity of the tested method. From colour photographs of two attractive children, one male and one female, Adobe Photoshop 5.0 was used to alter the images and create three versions of each photograph: one with good anterior dental alignment (OK smile), a second with proclination of the upper incisors (P-type smile), and finally one with moderate-to-severe anterior crowding (C-type smile). The six different photographs were shown to 121 subjects with mean age of 9.2 years (65 females and 56 males). Each subject was asked to view one photograph and subsequently respond to a questionnaire, the ‘Smile percepti... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4623194 Wed, 23 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4623194 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4623193&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F2%2F150%3Frss%3D1 Tooth agenesis is the most common dental anomaly. The aim of this retrospective study was to identify common patterns of tooth agenesis in a sample of 92 patients (55 females and 37 males; mean age 27.7 years) with non-syndromic severe hypodontia. The Tooth Agenesis Code (TAC) procedure was used for that purpose. The patients in this study were missing between 6 and 22 permanent teeth (mean 11.6; median 10.0; SD 4.35). In the maxilla, 47.9 (left side) and 50.0 (right side) per cent can be described using only five different patterns. The most common patterns involved agenesis of the maxillary lateral incisor and both premolars. In the mandible, 35.8 (lower left) or 43.5 (lower right) per cent can be described by five patterns, the most common of which was agenesis of all mandibular premola... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4623193 Wed, 23 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4623193 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4623192&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F2%2F143%3Frss%3D1 The aim of this study was to assess whether interceptive treatment in the mixed dentition prevents impaction of palatally displaced canines (PDC) by systematically reviewing the literature. A literature search of PubMed, the Cochrane Library electronic databases, and Scopus was performed covering the period from January 1966 to May 2009. The inclusion criteria were mixed dentition with unilateral or bilateral PDC, randomized controlled trials (RCT), prospective and retrospective studies with untreated controls, and clinical trials comparing at least two treatment strategies. Three reviewers selected and extracted the data independently and evaluated the quality of the studies. Inter-examiner reliability was measured using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The search strategy re... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4623192 Wed, 23 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4623192 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4623191&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F2%2F139%3Frss%3D1 This study was performed in the Department of Orthodontics, Government Dental Hospital, Chennai, on 30 subjects (16 females and 14 males) aged from 12 to 17 years with an AOB associated with a tongue thrust and in a control group of 100 subjects (53 females and 47 males aged from 12 to 17 years) with a normal occlusion and no oral habits. Stereognosis and two-point discrimination (2PD) were employed for evaluation of oral sensory perception. Statistical comparison was undertaken using a Student’s t-test. Stereognostic ability was altered in children with an AOB associated with a tongue thrust (t = 15.2, probability of occurrence P < 0.01). The mean oral stereognostic score in the control group was 31.8 and in tongue thrusters 25.3. The AOB group also showed a diminished 2PD thresh... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4623191 Wed, 23 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4623191 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4623190&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F2%2F132%3Frss%3D1 In this study, botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoTx/A) was injected into the temporalis and masseter muscles of growing rats to induce masticatory hypoactivity. Sixty, 30-day-old, male Long-Evans rats were randomly divided into four groups. BoTx/A was bilaterally injected in the masseter muscles in group I, in the temporalis muscles in group II, and into both the masseter and the temporalis muscles in group III. Group IV served as the control in which saline was bilaterally injected into both muscles. Forty-five days after the injections, the rats were sacrificed. Observation of cortical bone thickness from bone biopsies of the right halves of the mandibles, evaluation of the volume of masseter and temporalis muscles with a plethysmometer, and scanning of bone mineral density (BMD) of the sku... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4623190 Wed, 23 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4623190 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4623189&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F2%2F126%3Frss%3D1 The aim of this retrospective study was to determine differences between the outcomes of treatment using implant anchorage compared with straight-pull headgear and intermaxillary elastics in bimaxillary protrusion patients. The lateral cephalograms of 28 adult orthodontic patients (3 males and 25 females; age, 24.9 ± 5.0 years) who had an Angle Class I malocclusion with bimaxillary protrusion were selected. Group 1 (14 patients; 1 male and 13 females; age, 25.0 ± 5.1 years) received sliding mechanics with implant anchorage and group 2 (14 patients; 2 males and 12 females; age, 24.8 ± 5.1 years) a straight-pull headgear and intermaxillary elastics. Lateral cephalometric radiographs obtained before and after treatment were traced, 13 landmarks identified, and differences... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4623189 Wed, 23 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4623189 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4623188&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F2%2F121%3Frss%3D1 The aim of the present morphometric investigation was to evaluate the effects of bone-anchored maxillary protraction (BAMP) in the treatment of growing patients with Class III malocclusion. The shape and size changes in the craniofacial configuration of a sample of 26 children with Class III malocclusions consecutively treated with the BAMP protocol were compared with a matched sample of 15 children with untreated Class III malocclusions. All subjects in the two groups were at a prepubertal stage of skeletal development at time of first observation. Average duration of treatment was 14 months. Significant treatment-induced modifications involved both the maxilla and the mandible. The most evident deformation consisted of marked forward displacement of the maxillary complex with more modera... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4623188 Wed, 23 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4623188 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4623187&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F2%2F113%3Frss%3D1 The aim of this study was to investigate the performance of different orthodontic devices for mandibular symphyseal distraction osteogenesis (MSDO). Two performance parameters were analysed, the first of which concerned the stability guaranteed by a distractor in the fracture gap under mastication loads and the second the level of reliability with which a distractor transfers a given expansion to the mandibular bone, inasmuch as the more reliable the device the smaller the difference between the degree of expansion provided to the device and the displacement achieved on the mandibular arch. Hence, a non-linear finite element (FE) model of a human mandible with different devices (tooth-borne, bone-borne, and hybrid) was constructed and then utilized to assess the structural behaviour of the... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4623187 Wed, 23 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4623187 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4400929&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F1%2F103%3Frss%3D1 This study investigated the influence of changing the antero-posterior (AP) and vertical proportions of the lower face on the rankings of facial attractiveness. Four hundred and fifty-four (219 males and 235 females) native Jordanians of various ages and professions rated the attractiveness of a sequence of antero-posteriorly and vertically altered male and female profile images. Attractiveness ranking scores were obtained from the visual assessment of these digitally altered male and female profile images that represented a range of AP and vertical lower facial proportions. The mean and standard deviation (SD) for the rank scores were calculated. Statistical analyses were employed for comparison between the different age groups, genders, and professions. A Class I male profile with a norm... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4400929 Wed, 26 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4400929 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4400928&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F1%2F93%3Frss%3D1 The diagnostic accuracy for the localization of impacted canines and the detection of canine-induced root resorption of maxillary incisors were compared between conventional radiographic procedures using one two-dimensional (2D) panoramic radiograph with that of two three-dimensional (3D) cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. The clinical records of 60 consecutive patients who had impacted or ectopically erupting maxillary canines were identified from those seeking orthodontic treatment. For each case, two sets of radiographic information were obtained. The study sample was divided into two groups: group A (n = 30) included those for whom a dental pantomograph (DPT) and CBCT obtained with a 3D Accuitomo-XYZ Slice View Tomograph® were available and group B (n = 30) who had a DPT a... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4400928 Wed, 26 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4400928 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4400927&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F1%2F84%3Frss%3D1 The purpose of this study was to perform a meta-analysis of articles to verify the mandibular changes produced by the Fränkel-2 (FR-2) appliance during the treatment of growing patients with Class II malocclusions when compared with untreated growing Class II subjects. The literature published from January 1966 to January 2009 was reviewed with search engines. A quality analysis was performed. The effects on primary end points were calculated with random-effect models. Heterogeneity was assessed using Q statistic and investigated using study-level meta-regression. A total of nine articles were identified. The quality of the studies ranged from low to medium. Meta-analysis showed that the FR-2 was associated with enhancement of mandibular body length [0.4 mm/year 95 per cent confidence... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4400927 Wed, 26 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4400927 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4400926&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F1%2F75%3Frss%3D1 The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between Demirjian’s method and the improved cervical vertebrae maturation (CVM) method. The material consisted of the clinical files and panoramic and lateral cephalometric radiographs of 718 children (431 girls and 287 boys) aged from 6 to 17 years, inhabitants of the Mazovia region (Central Poland). Dental age according to Demirjian was estimated using panoramic radiographs and the cervical stages (CS) of the CVM were evaluated on cephalometric radiographs. Descriptive statistics of the chronological and dental ages of the patients for a particular CS of skeletal maturity was calculated for girls and boys separately. Linear regression analysis and correlation (Pearson’s r coefficient), as well as the Spearman rank c... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4400926 Wed, 26 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4400926 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4400925&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F1%2F71%3Frss%3D1 The aim of this study was to compare the shear bond strength (SBS) and adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores of conventional and self-ligating brackets. Conventional stainless steel brackets (group 1, Step®; Leone) and three different passive and interactive self-ligating brackets (group 2, Smart Clip®, 3M Unitek; group 3, Quick®, Forestadent; and group 4, Damon 3MX®, Ormco) were tested. Four groups of 20 specimens each were bonded with an adhesive system (Ortho Solo® primer, Ormco and Transbond XT resin, 3M Unitek) onto bovine enamel and subsequently tested using an Instron universal testing machine. SBS values and adhesive failure rate were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed with analysis of variance and Scheffé tests to determine bond strength values, ... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4400925 Wed, 26 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4400925 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4400924&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F1%2F66%3Frss%3D1 The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of two different adhesive systems (Tetric Flow and Transbond XT) in combination with fibre-reinforced composites (FRC) net (Ever Stick) on the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets. Eighty bovine permanent mandibular incisors were randomly divided into four equal groups. Stainless steel maxillary central incisor brackets with a 0.018 inch slot (DB Leone) were bonded to the teeth using the two different adhesive systems. Fifty per cent of the brackets were bonded without and 50 per cent with a FRC net under the bracket base. After bonding, all samples were stored in distilled water at room temperature for 24 hours and subsequently tested for SBS. Analysis of variance indicated significant differences among the various groups. ... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4400924 Wed, 26 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4400924 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4400923&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F1%2F60%3Frss%3D1 The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Coca-Cola® and Schweppes® Limón on bond strength, adhesive remnant, and microleakage beneath brackets. One hundred and twenty upper central incisor brackets were bonded to bovine incisors and divided into three groups: (1) Control, (2) Coca-Cola®, and (3) Schweppes® Limón. The teeth were submerged in the drinks three times a day for 15 minutes over a 15 day period. Shear bond strength (SBS) was measured with a universal testing machine, and adhesive remnant evaluated using image analysis equipment. Microleakage at the enamel–adhesive and adhesive–bracket interfaces was determined using methylene blue. One hundred and eight teeth were used for scanning electron microscopy to determine the effe... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4400923 Wed, 26 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4400923 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4400922&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F1%2F55%3Frss%3D1 The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of two light units, a light-emitting diode (LED) and a plasma arc light (PAC), on the shear bond strength (SBS) of brackets bonded to enamel. Ninety bovine teeth were divided into six groups, according to the light-curing unit and exposure times used. In the LED (Ortholux; 3M-Unitek) group, the specimens were light cured for 5, 10, and 15 seconds. In the PAC (Apollo 95E; DenMed Technologies) group, the specimens were light cured for 3, 6, and 9 seconds. The brackets were bonded with Transbond XT (3M-Unitek), stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 hours and then submitted to SBS testing in a universal testing machine. The adhesive remnant index (ARI) was used to evaluate the amount of adhesive remaining on the teeth. According to a... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4400922 Wed, 26 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4400922 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4400921&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F1%2F50%3Frss%3D1 The aim of the present study was to analyse the forces released by passive stainless steel self-ligating brackets (SLBs) and by a non-conventional elastomeric ligature–bracket system on conventional brackets ([slide ligatures on conventional brackets (SLCB)]) when compared with conventional elastomeric ligatures on conventional brackets (CLCB) during the alignment of apically or buccally malposed teeth in the maxillary arch. An experimental model consisting of five brackets was used to assess the forces released by the three different bracket–ligature systems with 0.012-inch super-elastic (SE) nickel–titanium (NiTi) wires in the presence of different amounts of apical or buccal canine misalignment of the canine (ranging from 1.5 to 6 mm). The forces released by each wire/... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4400921 Wed, 26 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4400921 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4400920&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F1%2F43%3Frss%3D1 The aim of this study was to clarify the morphological characteristics of craniomaxillary deviations in BALB/c-bm/bm mice with a spontaneous malocclusion (incisal transverse crossbite) using three-dimensional (3D) morphological measurements. Sixty female mice aged 13 and 25 weeks were divided into the following groups: control (BALB/c-+/+ mice, n = 20), norm (BALB/c-bm/bm mice with a normal occlusion, n = 20), and mal (BALB/c-bm/bm mice with a malocclusion, n = 20). Various points in the skull were selected and the distances between two points were measured using 3D micro-computed tomography (CT) images. Statistically significant differences in measurement values among the three groups were evaluated by one-way analysis of variance with a probability level of P < 0.05 considered statist... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4400920 Wed, 26 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4400920 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4400919&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F1%2F37%3Frss%3D1 The aims of this study were to evaluate the effectiveness of a lower lingual holding arch (LLHA) in maintaining arch length, and to compare the effectiveness of two LLHAs made of two different gauges (0.9 and 1.25 mm) of stainless steel (SS) wire. The sample comprised 44 subjects (24 males and 20 females) who for various reasons attended orthodontic clinics at Jordan University of Science and Technology Dental Teaching Center. The subjects were randomly divided into two treatment groups. The first group contained 20 subjects (12 males/8 females, average age 10.76 ± 0.75 years). The LLHA used in this group was made of 0.9 mm SS wire. The second group comprised 24 subjects (12 males/12 females, average age 10.57 ± 0.54 years). The LLHA used in this group was made of 1.25 mm SS ... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4400919 Wed, 26 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4400919 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4400918&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F1%2F32%3Frss%3D1 This retrospective study examined the occurrence of congenitally missing permanent teeth and the need for dental treatment in the Regensburg University Medical Centre of Eastern Bavaria. Using a dental administration software tool, a total of 1442 patients who presented for orthodontic treatment between 1994 and 2006 were identified. After exclusion of 89 patients with incomplete records, 1353 subjects (635 males and 718 females) remained for analysis. Of these, 1130 had no missing permanent teeth, 52 had cleft lips, 110 had one to two teeth missing, 34 had three to five missing teeth, and 27 had greater than or equal to six missing teeth. The analyses focused on the type and number of missing teeth and on differences in the severity of dental agenesis according to gender and to referrals ... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4400918 Wed, 26 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4400918 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4400917&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F1%2F26%3Frss%3D1 The aim of this study was to analyse leachable monomers, additives, and degradation products from polymer-based orthodontic base-plate materials. One heat-cured resin (Orthocryl), one light-cured (Triad VLC), and three thermoplastic materials (Biocryl C, Essix A+, and Essix Embrace) were investigated. Elution was performed in water at 37°C for 10 days. The extract medium was changed and analysed daily. Chromatographic methods were used to identify and quantify the leachables. In addition, the content of residual methyl methacrylate (MMA) was quantified in the poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-based materials. Statistical analysis of the quantitative results was performed using a t-test for comparison of two independent samples. Monomers and additives leached from the materials polymeriz... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4400917 Wed, 26 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4400917 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4400916&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F1%2F22%3Frss%3D1 The purpose of this study was to search the orthodontic literature and determine the frequency of reporting of confidence intervals (CIs) in orthodontic journals with an impact factor. The six latest issues of the American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, the European Journal of Orthodontics, and the Angle Orthodontist were hand searched and the reporting of CIs, P values, and implementation of univariate or multivariate statistical analyses were recorded. Additionally, studies were classified according to the type/design as cross-sectional, case–control, cohort, and clinical trials, and according to the subject of the study as growth/genetics, behaviour/psychology, diagnosis/treatment, and biomaterials/biomechanics. The data were analyzed using descriptive statis... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4400916 Wed, 26 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4400916 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4400915&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F1%2F15%3Frss%3D1 The aim of this longitudinal study was to monitor patients’ microbiological and clinical parameters from bracket placement up to 3 months post-treatment. Twenty-four patients (10 males and 14 females, aged 14.6 ± 1.0 years) were included in this investigation. Microbiology (sub- and supragingival), periodontal probing depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BOP), and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) flow were assessed at baseline (T1), at bracket removal (T2), and 3 months post-treatment (T3). A statistical comparison was made over time and between the banded, bonded, and control sites. Repeated measurements on patients were taken into account by modelling the patients as a random factor. Except for PPD and BOP, values were log-transformed before analysis. Corrections for simultaneou... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4400915 Wed, 26 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4400915 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4400914&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F1%2F9%3Frss%3D1 The purpose of this study was to explore the intermaxillary tooth-size relationship that is attributed to normal occlusion using multivariate cluster analysis, while simultaneously incorporating the full dentition as a data set. From the central incisor to the second molar, the tooth sizes of 307 subjects (188 males and 119 females; mean age ± standard deviation, 19.9 ± 3.3 years) with normal occlusion were investigated. Tooth-size data were analysed separately for the maxilla and the mandible. When clustering, the partitioning around medoids (PAM) algorithm was performed with the transformed data based on principal component analysis (PCA). After the subjects were classified into four groups, the cluster memberships were cross-classified, and the distribution pattern and int... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4400914 Wed, 26 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4400914 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4400913&cid=s_28236_11_f&fid=28236&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejo.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F33%2F1%2F1%3Frss%3D1 In this study, the tissue response to IFN--loaded collagen scaffolds was evaluated after implantation in the palate of rats. Scaffolds, with or without IFN-, were implanted submucoperiosteally in the palate of two groups of 25 five-week-old male Wistar rats. Groups of five rats were sacrificed at 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 weeks post-implantation and processed for histological analyses. On haematoxylin and eosin-stained sections, the cell density and number of giant cells within the scaffolds were determined. Blood vessels, inflammatory cells, and myofibroblasts were detected by immunohistochemistry. The data for cell density, blood vessels, and giant cells were compared with a two-way analysis of variance. The scores for myofibroblasts and inflammation were compared by a rank sum test. A mild and... The European Journal of Orthodontics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4400913 Wed, 26 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4400913