MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry' source. Thu, 18 Mar 2010 16:20:08 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3358200&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310000410%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3358200 Fri, 12 Mar 2010 16:13:29 +0100 3358200 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3287156&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310000161%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3287156 Fri, 19 Feb 2010 16:10:42 +0100 3287156 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3175172&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286309002174%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Diet and genetics are both considered important risk determinants for colorectal cancer, a leading cause of death worldwide. Several genetically engineered mouse models have been created, including the ApcMin mouse, to aid in the identification of key cancer related processes and to assist with the characterization of environmental factors, including the diet, which influence risk. Current research using these models provides evidence that several bioactive food components can inhibit genetically predisposed colorectal cancer, while others increase risk. Specifically, calorie restriction or increased exposure to n-3 fatty acids, sulforaphane, chafuroside, curcumin and dibenzoylmethane were reported protective. Total fat, calories and all-trans retinoic acid are associated with an... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3175172 Fri, 15 Jan 2010 15:57:33 +0100 3175172 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3175171&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS095528630900254X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3175171 Fri, 15 Jan 2010 15:57:33 +0100 3175171 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3358201&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286309001934%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Soy-based diets have been reported to protect against the development of atherosclerosis. However, the underlying mechanism(s) for this protection remains unknown. Although atherosclerosis was traditionally considered a disease associated with impaired lipid metabolism, in recent years the inflammatory components of atherosclerosis have been explored. Recent studies have convincingly delineated that uncontrolled chronic inflammation is the principal contributing factor for the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Interaction between activated monocytes and vascular endothelial cells is an early event in atherogenesis. The adhesion of leukocytes, including monocytes, to the inflamed-vascular endothelium and their transmigration into intima initiate the inflammatory proce... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3358201 Wed, 02 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3358201 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3287157&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286309001752%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), a family of fatty acids found in beef, dairy foods and dietary supplements, reduces adiposity in several animal models of obesity and some human studies. However, the isomer-specific antiobesity mechanisms of action of CLA are unclear, and its use in humans is controversial. This review will summarize in vivo and in vitro findings from the literature regarding potential mechanisms by which CLA reduces adiposity, including its impact on (a) energy metabolism, (b) adipogenesis, (c) inflammation, (d) lipid metabolism and (e) apoptosis. (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3287157 Wed, 02 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3287157 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3039137&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286309002356%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3039137 Mon, 30 Nov 2009 16:22:31 +0100 3039137 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2995245&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286309001971%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2995245 Mon, 16 Nov 2009 16:10:50 +0100 2995245 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2882454&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS095528630900182X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2882454 Mon, 12 Oct 2009 14:45:14 +0100 2882454 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3039138&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286309001387%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Sarcopenia, the age-related loss of muscle mass and strength, is a fundamental cause of frailty, functional decline and disability. In the year 2000, $18.5 billion in health care costs were directly attributable to sarcopenia. This economic burden will increase dramatically as the elderly population grows over the next decade. The primary causes of sarcopenia include a sedentary lifestyle and malnutrition. While resistance training appears to be a promising intervention, older individuals exhibit a blunted hypertrophic response to exercise stimuli. It has been posited that this decrement in regenerative capacity may be due to the loss of postprandial anabolism as well as an increase in reactive oxygen species. As such, a combination of resistance training and nutritional interven... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3039138 Mon, 05 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3039138 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2781384&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286309001557%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2781384 Thu, 10 Sep 2009 17:48:36 +0100 2781384 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2995246&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS095528630900134X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Experimental studies demonstrated that maternal exposure to certain environmental and dietary factors during early embryonic development can influence the phenotype of offspring as well as the risk of disease development at the later life. DNA methylation, an epigenetic phenomenon, has been suggested as a mechanism by which maternal nutrients affect the phenotype of their offspring in both honeybee and agouti mouse models. Phenotypic changes through DNA methylation can be linked to folate metabolism by the knowledge that folate, a coenzyme of one-carbon metabolism, is directly involved in methyl group transfer for DNA methylation. During the fetal period, organ-specific DNA methylation patterns are established through epigenetic reprogramming. However, established DNA methylation... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2995246 Mon, 07 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2995246 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2995247&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286309001351%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article reviews the health benefits of phytosterols and omega-3 fatty acids, alone or in combination with statins, for the treatment/management of hyperlipidemia, with particular emphasis on the mechanisms involved. (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2995247 Fri, 04 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2995247 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2882455&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS095528630900120X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Adiponectin regulates energy homeostasis through the modulation of glucose and fatty acid metabolism in peripheral tissues. However, its central effect on energy balance remains unclear and controversial. Despite the disparate data, recent advances in our understanding of the signal transduction mechanisms used by adiponectin in the periphery and in the hypothalamus suggest that intracellular cross-talk between adiponectin, leptin and insulin may occur at several levels. The present review will summarize recent reports describing the peripheral and central effects of adiponectin and discuss progress concerning its molecular mechanisms. We will also particularly focus on apparent controversies and related mechanisms associated with the central effects of adiponectin on energy home... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2882455 Thu, 27 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2882455 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2781385&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286309001193%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Evidence that the intestinal microbiota is intrinsically linked with overall health, including cancer risk, is emerging. Moreover, its composition is not fixed but can be influenced by several dietary components. Dietary modifiers, including the consumption of live bacteria (probiotics) and indigestible or limited digestible food constituents such as oligosaccharides (prebiotics) and polyphenols or both (synbiotics), are recognized modifiers of the numbers and types of microbes and have been reported to reduce colon cancer risk experimentally. Microorganisms also have the ability to generate bioactive compounds from food components. Examples include equol from isoflavones, enterodiol and enterolactone from lignans and urolithins from ellagic acid, which have also been demonstrate... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2781385 Thu, 27 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2781385 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2694579&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286309001168%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Worldwide, not only the prevalence of obesity has increased dramatically throughout the last three decades but also the incidences of co-morbid conditions such as diabetes type 2 and liver disease have increased. The ‘hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome’ is called nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and comprises a wide spectrum of stages of liver disease ranging from simple steatosis to liver cirrhosis. NAFLD of different stages is found in ∼30% of adults and ∼20% in the US population. Not just a general overnutrition but also an elevated intake of certain macronutrients such as fat and carbohydrates and herein particularly fructose has been claimed to be risk factors for the development for NAFLD; however, the etiology of this disease is still unknown. ... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2694579 Thu, 13 Aug 2009 12:14:17 +0100 2694579 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2694578&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286309001430%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2694578 Thu, 13 Aug 2009 12:14:17 +0100 2694578 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2597578&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286309000886%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Isoflavones and their related flavonoid compounds exert antiviral properties in vitro and in vivo against a wide range of viruses. Genistein is, by far, the most studied soy isoflavone in this regard, and it has been shown to inhibit the infectivity of enveloped or nonenveloped viruses, as well as single-stranded or double-stranded RNA or DNA viruses. At concentrations ranging from physiological to supraphysiological (3.7–370 μM), flavonoids, including genistein, have been shown to reduce the infectivity of a variety of viruses affecting humans and animals, including adenovirus, herpes simplex virus, human immunodeficiency virus, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, and rotavirus. Although the biological properties of the flavonoids are well studied, the mechan... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2597578 Tue, 14 Jul 2009 12:01:31 +0100 2597578 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2597577&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286309001247%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2597577 Tue, 14 Jul 2009 12:01:31 +0100 2597577 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2503375&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286309001089%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2503375 Thu, 25 Jun 2009 08:45:46 +0100 2503375 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2413007&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS095528630900014X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article reviews the influence of zinc on the diabetic state including the molecular mechanisms, the role of the zinc transporter 8 and MT for diabetes development and the resulting diagnostic and therapeutic options. (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2413007 Sat, 16 May 2009 03:39:02 +0100 2413007 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2413006&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286309000928%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2413006 Sat, 16 May 2009 03:38:56 +0100 2413006 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2503376&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286309000564%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: 11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-1 (11β-HSD-1) is a key regulatory enzyme in glucocorticoid metabolism, specifically in regulating intracellular concentrations of cortisol, the primary glucocorticoid. While the excessive level of circulating cortisol in Cushing's disease is of adrenal origin, it is the intracellular and not the systemic level of cortisol that is elevated in obesity. This tissue-specific dysregulation of glucocorticoids observed in obesity results from alterations in 11β-HSD-1 in both liver and mesenteric adipose. While cortisol has been identified as playing a permissive role in obesity, little is known about how diet may regulate message, expression and activity of 11β-HSD-1. In this review, we have integrated three lines of evidence that, taken together, su... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2503376 Thu, 14 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2503376 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3358213&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286309000163%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) regulates the expression of cytochrome P450 2B1 (CYP 2B1) in rat primary hepatocytes in response to xenobiotics. Ceramide, a lipid signaling molecule, is involved in various physiological processes and can be generated by the hydrolysis of sphingomyelin via sphingomyelinase (SMase). DHA activates SMase and increases ceramide formation in vitro. Ceramides differentially enhance adenylyl cyclase activity in vitro depending on the chain length of their fatty acids. In addition, the cAMP-dependent PKA pathway down-regulates CYP 2B1 expression induced by phenobarbital (PB). In the present study, we determined the effect of DHA on SMase transactivation and the downstream pathway in CYP 2B1 expression induced by PB. SMase was activated by DHA 2 h after treatme... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3358213 Tue, 12 May 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3358213 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3358214&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286309000266%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by extracellular deposits of fibrillar aggregates of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ). Levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3), the major fatty acid component of the neuronal membrane, are reduced in the AD hippocampus. We hypothesized that hippocampal neurons with reduced DHA levels would be more susceptible to aggregated Aβ-induced death and that this might be overcome by increasing hippocampal neuronal DHA levels. Embryonic Day 18 rat hippocampal cells were cultured in neurobasal medium with B27 supplemented with 0–100 μM DHA for 8 days, then were treated with 5 μM aggregated Aβ42 for 1 day. We found that supplementation with 5–10 μM DHA, which resulted in hippocampal neuron DHA levels of ... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3358214 Fri, 08 May 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3358214 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3358212&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286309000151%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, long-term feeding of the major CLA isomers in 12-month-old C57Bl/6J mice revealed a contrasting effect on fat mass, glucose and insulin metabolism. The t10c12 isomer is found to reduce the fat mass and increase the lean mass but significantly contributed to increase insulin resistance and liver steatosis, whereas c9t11 isomer prevented the insulin resistance. (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3358212 Fri, 08 May 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3358212 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3358215&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS095528630900028X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (3PUFAs) on brain function is increasingly demonstrated. Here, the effect of dietary deprivation of essential 3PUFAs on some parameters related to neuroprotection was investigated. Rats were fed with two different diets: omega-3 diet and omega-3-deprived diet. To assess the influence of 3PUFAs on brain responses to ischemic insult, hippocampal slices were subjected to an oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) model of in vitro ischemia. The omega-3-deprived group showed higher cell damage and stronger decrease in the [3H]glutamate uptake after OGD. Moreover, omega-3 deprivation influenced antiapoptotic cell response after OGD, affecting GSK-3beta and ERK1/2, but not Akt, phosphorylation. Taken together, these results suggest that 3PUF... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3358215 Mon, 04 May 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3358215 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2363587&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286308001010%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study attempted to elucidate the role of peroxidized cholesterol including cholesterol hydroperoxides (Chol-OOHs), primary products of lipid peroxidation in biomembranes, in MMP-9 activation and the effect of dietary β-carotene in MMP-9 activation. Hairless mice were subjected to periodic UVA irradiation for 8 weeks. The amount of peroxidized cholesterol detected as total hydroxycholesterol in the skin was increased significantly by the exposure. The activity and protein level of MMP-9 were elevated with wrinkling and sagging formation. MMP-9 activity was also enhanced by the intracutaneous injection of Chol-OOHs into the mouse skin. Adding β-carotene to the diet of the mice during the period of irradiation suppressed the activity and expression of MMP-9 as well as the wrinkling and... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2363587 Fri, 24 Apr 2009 18:29:40 +0100 2363587 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2363586&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286308000995%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study may also suggest the potentiality of ferulate as a developable supplement against chronic inflammatory disease as well as aging. (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2363586 Fri, 24 Apr 2009 18:29:39 +0100 2363586 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2363585&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286308000909%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In this study, the effects of short-term oral administration of grape polyphenol extract (GPE) on ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in a gerbil global ischemia model were determined. Ischemia was induced by occlusion of the common carotid arteries for 5 min. GPE (30 mg/ml)-containing formula or formula without GPE was administered daily via gavage for 4 days prior to and/or for 4 days after I/R. I/R resulted in hyperlocomotion, extensive DND, oxidative and fragmented DNA damage, and an increase in reactive astrocytes and microglial cells in the hippocampal CA1 region. GPE administration for 4 days prior to I/R and for 4 days after I/R attenuated DND, DNA damage and glial cell activation. However, neuroprotection was more pronounced when GPE was administered for 4 days after I/R than when a... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2363585 Fri, 24 Apr 2009 18:29:36 +0100 2363585 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2363584&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286308000892%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Consumption of the trichothecene mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) induces interleukin-6 (IL-6)-dependent IgA nephropathy (IgAN) in mice. This effect can be prevented by feeding long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) found in fish oil. The purpose of this study was to identify the signal transduction pathways by which DON up-regulates IL-6 in the peritoneal macrophage and how consumption of fish oil enriched with the n-3 PUFA docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) suppresses these processes. Incubation with DON induced IL-6 expression in naïve macrophages maximally at 3 h. Knockdown of the transcription factor cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) or pharmacologic inhibition of the CREB kinases Akt1/2, MSK1 and RSK1 down-regulated this expression. Inhibition of double-strand... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2363584 Fri, 24 Apr 2009 18:29:35 +0100 2363584 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2363583&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286308000880%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a well-known electron transporter in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Furthermore, ubiquinol (UQH2) — a reduced form of ubiquinone (UQ) — has been shown to act as a radical-scavenging antioxidant. Some studies have reported the beneficial effect of CoQ addition to cultured cells; however, the cellular uptake and distribution of CoQ have not been elucidated. In the present study, we used rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells to investigate and compare the cellular uptake and distribution of CoQ10 and α-tocopherol (αT). UQ10 or UQ10H2 treatment resulted in an increase in the cellular content of both CoQ10 in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. A subcellular fractionation study revealed that the added UQ10 as well as UQ10H2 mainly localized in the mit... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2363583 Fri, 24 Apr 2009 18:29:34 +0100 2363583 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2363582&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286308000843%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The modulatory influence of tea polyphenols (epigallocatechin gallate, epicatechin gallate and theaflavin) on benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P)-induced lung carcinogenesis in mice was analyzed using histopathological and molecular parameters. Progression of lung lesions was restricted at the hyperplastic stage by tea polyphenols. A significant reduction in cellular proliferative index and an increase in apoptotic index were noted in the restricted lung lesions. High expression of H-ras, c-myc, cyclin D1 and p53 genes was seen at the inflammatory stage (9th week) and in subsequent premalignant lesions, but down-regulation of H-ras at the hyperplastic stage (17th week). Expression of bcl-2 was high in hyperplastic lesions, whereas the expression of mdm2 and bcl-xl increased only at the modera... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2363582 Fri, 24 Apr 2009 18:29:33 +0100 2363582 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2363581&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286309000084%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Oxysterols, or cholesterol oxidation products, are oxygenated derivatives of cholesterol which are formed endogenously during the biosynthesis of bile acids and steroid hormones. In addition, oxysterols may also be absorbed from the diet as they are found in many commonly consumed foods. Oxysterols have been shown to possess many potent and diverse biological activities, and the study of the effects of these oxidation products on the human body forms a wide field of research. The results of most research efforts support the conclusion that certain oxysterols, predominantly those found in oxidized low-density lipoprotein, exert pathological effects such as the induction of apoptotic cell death. Moreover, apoptosis induced by oxysterols has been strongly implicated in the pathogene... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2363581 Fri, 24 Apr 2009 18:29:32 +0100 2363581 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2363580&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286309000643%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2363580 Fri, 24 Apr 2009 18:29:31 +0100 2363580 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3358211&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286309000138%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, we showed that development of LGI during aging may be responsible, at least in part, for the defect in muscle protein synthesis stimulation induced by food intake in rats. Our results suggested that the control of LGI development in elderly improve meal effect on muscle protein synthesis and consequently slow down sarcopenia. (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3358211 Wed, 15 Apr 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3358211 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3358210&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286309000126%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) increases lipolysis and decreases lipogenesis through several pathways. DHA also enhances the expression of serum amyloid A protein (SAA), a possible lipid metabolism related gene. The question of whether DHA regulates the expression of SAA to affect lipid metabolism and increase lipolysis needs to be demonstrated in human adipocytes. We designed experiments to determine the role of SAA in regulating lipid metabolism in HepG2 cells using microarray technology. In human hepatocytes, recombinant human SAA1 (hSAA1) inhibited the expression of genes related to lipogenesis and promoted the expression of those involved in lipolysis. When human breast adipocytes were treated with hSAA1 or DHA in vitro, the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated recept... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3358210 Wed, 15 Apr 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3358210 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3358209&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286309000114%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Covalent modifications of histones play a role in regulating telomere attrition and cellular senescence. Biotinylation of lysine (K) residues in histones, mediated by holocarboxylase synthetase (HCS), is a novel diet-dependent mechanism to regulate chromatin structure and gene expression. We have previously shown that biotinylation of K12 in histone H4 (H4K12bio) is a marker for heterochromatin and is enriched in pericentromeric alpha satellite repeats. Here, we hypothesized that H4K12bio is also enriched in telomeres. We used human IMR-90 lung fibroblasts and immortalized IMR-90 cells overexpressing human telomerase (hTERT) in order to examine histone biotinylation in young and senescent cells. Our studies suggest that one out of three histone H4 molecules in telomeres is biotin... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3358209 Wed, 15 Apr 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3358209 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3358208&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286309000102%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion: (a) gallic acid is rapidly and nonenzymatically oxidized in physiological solutions, generating superoxide anions, H2O2 and quinones; (b) superoxide anions (by destroying NO) and low H2O2 levels (by activating cyclooxygenase) both increase vascular tone; (c) moderate H2O2 levels decrease vascular tone; (d) high H2O2 and quinone levels cause irreversible relaxations due to cellular damage. (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3358208 Wed, 15 Apr 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3358208 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3358207&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286309000096%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The nutritional influence of zinc on markers of bone extracellular matrix resorption and mineralization was investigated in growing rats. Thirty male weanling rats were randomly assigned to consume AIN-93G based diets containing 2.5, 5, 7.5, 15 or 30 μg Zn/g diet for 24 days. Femur zinc increased substantially as zinc increased from 5 to 15 μg/g diet and modestly between 15 and 30 μg/g (P (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3358207 Wed, 15 Apr 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3358207 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3358206&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286309000072%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The aim of the present work was to verify whether extra-virgin olive oil, a food naturally containing phenolic antioxidants, has the potential to protect from the pro-aging effects of a high-calorie diet. Male rats were fed from age 12 months to senescence a high-calorie diet containing either corn oil (CO), or extra-virgin olive oil with high (H-EVOO) or low (L-EVOO) amounts of phenols. The prolonged high fat intake led to obesity, liver lipid degeneration and insulin resistance, which were not counteracted by high phenol intake. No difference in overall survival was found at the end of the experiment in the animals treated with H-EVOO compared to the other groups. However, we did detect a protective effect of olive oil on some age-related pathologies and on blood pressure, of w... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3358206 Wed, 15 Apr 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3358206 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3358205&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286309000060%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Adiponectin is thought to exert anti-inflammatory actions. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the association of long-term adherence to the Mediterranean diet with adiponectin levels, in a sample of cardiovascular disease-free adults. In a random sub-sample of “ATTICA” study, 532 men and women, serum adiponectin was measured. Among several sociodemographic, clinical and biological factors, adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed by a special diet score (MedDietSCore) that incorporated the inherent characteristics of this traditional diet. Unadjusted analysis revealed that participants who were in the highest tertile of the diet score had an average 41% higher adiponectin levels, as compared to those who were in the lowest tertile (P (Source: The Journal of N... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3358205 Wed, 15 Apr 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3358205 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3358204&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286309000059%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Although most of the proposed beneficial effects of fiber consumption have been attributed to viscous and gel-forming properties of soluble fiber, it is mainly insoluble cereal fiber and whole grains that are strongly associated with reduced diabetes risk in prospective cohort studies, indicating that other unknown mechanisms are likely to be involved.We performed a long-term study investigating potential protective effects of adding soluble guar fiber (10% w/w) vs. insoluble cereal fiber (10% w/w) to an isoenergetic and macronutrient matched high-fat diet in obesity-prone C57BL/6J mice. After 45 weeks, mice fed soluble vs. insoluble fiber showed both significantly increased body weight (41.8±3.0 vs. 33.6±1.5 g, P=.03) and elevated markers of insulin resistance. In mice fed sol... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3358204 Wed, 15 Apr 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3358204 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3358203&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286309000047%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Placebo-controlled clinical studies suggest that intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids improves neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease and schizophrenia. To evaluate the impact of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), we orally administered highly purified ethyl EPA (EPA-E) to rats at a dose of 1.0 mg/g per day and measured long-term potentiation of the CA1 hippocampal region, a physiological correlate of synaptic plasticity that is thought to underlie learning and memory. The mean field excitatory postsynaptic potential slope of the EPA-E group was significantly greater than that of the control group in the CA1 region. Gene expression of hippocampal p85α, one of the regulatory subunits of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase), was increased wit... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3358203 Wed, 15 Apr 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3358203 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3358202&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286309000035%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: We previously reported that carbohydrate restriction (CR) (10–15% en) during a weight loss intervention lowered plasma triglycerides (TG) by 45% in male subjects (P (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3358202 Wed, 15 Apr 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3358202 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3287165&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286309000023%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Caseinphosphopeptides (CPPs) are considered as mineral carriers because of their ability to bind and solubilize calcium ions, with the possible role, yet to be definitely assessed, of improving calcium absorption at the intestinal level. Previous works demonstrated that CPPs improve calcium uptake, with increasing intracellular calcium concentration, by human differentiated tumor HT-29 cells, and that this effect correlates with the supramolecular structure of CPPs in the presence of calcium ions. The aim of the present study was to establish whether the CPP effect on calcium uptake is specific for HT-29 cells and depends on the differentiated state of the cells. To this purpose, HT-29 and Caco2 cells, two models of intestinal cells, were differentiated following appropriate prot... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3287165 Wed, 15 Apr 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3287165 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3287164&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286308002684%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: We have demonstrated that Zn supplementation mediated up-regulation of cardiac metallothionein (MT) as a potent antioxidant prevented the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. The present study was undertaken to test whether induction of renal MT synthesis by Zn supplementation protects the kidney from diabetes-induced damage. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were treated with and without Zn supplementation at 5 mg/kg in drinking water for 3 months. Diabetic renal damage was detected by examining renal pathological alterations and 24-h urinary protein levels. Three-month Zn supplementation immediately after the onset of diabetes, partially but significantly, prevented the kidney from diabetes-induced increases in 24-h urinary proteins and pathological alterations. Diabetes-... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3287164 Wed, 15 Apr 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3287164 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3287163&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286308002672%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, vitamin A deficiency results in alterations of the structure and composition of the alveolar BM which are probably mediated by TGF-β1 and reverted by retinoic acid. These alterations could contribute to the impairment of lung function and predispose to pulmonary disease. (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3287163 Mon, 09 Mar 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3287163 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3287162&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286308002647%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Small intestinal epithelial cells are rich in characteristic glycosphingolipids (GSLs) that are composed of phytosphingosine and α-hydroxy fatty acid, but the physiological roles of GSLs in the small intestine remain unclear. Here, we report the developmental changes in GSL composition in the mouse small intestine (duodenum through ileum) and their relationship with the temporal mRNA expression of nutrient transporters. Up to 2 weeks after birth, the major GSLs were hexosylceramide (HexCer), GM3, GM1 and GD1a. After 2 weeks of age, HexCer and asialo GM1 became the major GSLs. The ceramide moiety of both HexCer and asialo GM1 was composed mainly of phytosphingosine and α-hydroxy fatty acid, from birth through adulthood. Immunohistochemically, GM1 localized in the cytoplasm, and ... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3287162 Mon, 09 Mar 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3287162 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3175182&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286308002696%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Previous studies in our laboratory have demonstrated that reducing the availability of zinc with the extracellular metal chelator DTPA (diethylenetriaminepentaacetate) enhances, rather than inhibits, the thyroid hormone induction of growth hormone mRNA in GH3 rat anterior pituitary tumor cells. To understand the actions of the chelator on cellular zinc status, we observed the effects of DTPA on 65Zn uptake and retention. DTPA reduced the uptake of 65Zn by GH3 cells from the medium, but when GH3 cells were prelabeled with 65Zn, it resulted in greater retention of the isotope. In primary hepatocytes, DTPA both reduced the uptake of 65Zn from the medium and increased efflux from prelabeled cells. To investigate this difference, we studied the effects of DTPA on radioactive zinc flux... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3175182 Mon, 09 Mar 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3175182 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3175181&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286308002660%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In this study, the effects of different forms and concentrations of Se on the regulation of mRNA level and activity of GPx1 in bovine hepatocytes were evaluated, and the optimal doses of different forms of Se that supported the full expression of GPx1 were determined. Primary cultured bovine hepatocyte monolayers derived from neonatal male Holstein calves (aged 1–2 days) were incubated for 24 h with 0 (control), 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4 or 5 μmol/L of Se from dl-selenomethionine (Se-Met), sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) or Kappa-selenocarrageenan (Se-Car). Compared with controls, a significantly lower level of release of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) was observed at 0.5–5 μmol/L of Se-Met, 0.5–1 μmol/L of Na2SeO3 and 0.5 μmol/L of Se-Car, but significantly higher LDH release was observed at 2... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3175181 Mon, 09 Mar 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3175181 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3175180&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286308002659%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of adding yogurt to animal diets that were high in phytic acid (PA) and adequate in zinc (38 μg Zn/g). The PA:Zn molar ratio was 60:1. Zinc status was determined by documenting growth and measuring the zinc concentration in bone (tibia) and plasma. For 25 days, six groups (n=6) of Sprague–Dawley weanling rats were fed one of six AIN-76 diets. Half of the diets contained PA. Four of the diets contained yogurt with either active or heat-treated (inactive) cultures added at 25% of the diet. The diets were as follows: (a) AIN, (b) AIN with active yogurt, (c) AIN and inactive yogurt, (d) AIN with PA, (e) AIN with PA plus active yogurt and (f) AIN with PA plus inactive yogurt. Body weight, weight gain and zinc concentration in b... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3175180 Mon, 09 Mar 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3175180 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3175179&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286308002568%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a major type of green tea polyphenols and is known to have cancer prevention effect. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 19 to 25 nucleotides and are believed to be important in gene regulation. In the present study, the influence of EGCG on the expressions of miRNAs in human cancer cells was investigated as this has not yet been reported. By miRNA microarray analysis, EGCG treatment was found to modify the expressions of some of the miRNAs in human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells, 13 were up-regulated and 48 were down-regulated. miR-16 is one of the miRNAs up-regulated by EGCG and one of its target genes is confirmed to be the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. EGCG treatment induced apoptosis and down-regulated Bcl-2 in HepG2 cells. Transfection with anti-... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3175179 Mon, 09 Mar 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3175179 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3175178&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286308002556%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: We assessed the bioavailability of lutein from lutein-fortified fermented milk using in vivo and in vitro approaches. Twenty-four volunteers were randomized to take lutein-fortified fermented milk at two levels of fortification. Single-dose bioavailability study (2×100 ml, ca. 8 or 16 mg of lutein) was performed using a three-point approach (baseline, 3.5 and 6.5 h). Multiple-dose study consisted of consuming one serving/day (ca. 4 or 8 mg/100 ml) for 14 days. Blood samples for biochemical, hematological and lutein analysis were drawn at baseline, Day 7 and Day 14. In vitro bioaccessibility was assessed by a static gastrointestinal digestion model. Lutein content, in vitro ester hydrolysis and micellarization, and lutein concentrations achieved in serum were analyzed by HPLC. In... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3175178 Mon, 09 Feb 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3175178 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3287161&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286308002507%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In this study, the invasion and metastatic capacities of gastric adenocarcinoma SGC-7901 cells and the correlation with antimetastasis mechanisms induced by γ-tocotrienol were explored. The results showed the inhibitory effects of γ-tocotrienol at doses of 15, 30, 45 and 60 μmol/L for 48 h on cell migration and cell matrigel invasion; activities of matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) increased in SGC-7901 cells when compared to the control group (P (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3287161 Fri, 06 Feb 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3287161 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3287160&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286308002489%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Oxidative stress is widely recognized as an important mediator of apoptosis in liver cells and plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of several diseases. Cocoa flavonoids have shown a powerful antioxidant activity providing protection against oxidation and helping prevent oxidative stress-related diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for this protection are not fully understood. Thus, in this study we investigated the protective effect of a cocoa polyphenolic extract (CPE) against tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BOOH)-induced apoptosis and the molecular mechanisms involved in this process. Incubation of HepG2 cells with t-BOOH induced apoptosis as evidenced by caspase-3 activation. This effect was accompanied by increased reactive oxygen species formation and by ... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3287160 Fri, 06 Feb 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3287160 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3287159&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286308002477%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Calorie restriction (CR) and alternate-day fasting (ADF) beneficially affect several aspects of adipose tissue physiology, but direct comparisons between regimens have yet to be performed. The present study evaluated the effects of ADF versus CR on body fat distribution and circulating adiponectin levels and examined the kinetic mechanisms that underlie changes in fat distribution. Thirty female C57BL/6J mice were randomized to one of five groups for 4 weeks: (a) CR-25% (25% energy restriction daily), (b) ADF-75% (75% restriction on fast day), (c) ADF-85% (85% restriction on fast day), (d) ADF-100% (100% restriction on fast day) and (e) control (ad libitum fed). Body weights of the CR mice were lower than that of the ADF and control groups posttreatment. After 4 weeks of diet, th... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3287159 Fri, 06 Feb 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3287159 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3175177&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286308002532%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, LNO2 inhibited adhesion molecules expression and promoted ·NO inactivation of the CD40–CD40L system, both important processes of the inflammatory response. (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3175177 Fri, 06 Feb 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3175177 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3175176&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286308002490%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased endothelial dysfunction and development of atherosclerotic vascular diseases. In contrast, an increased intake of dietary flavonoids is associated with a decreased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Here we demonstrate that high glucose (HG) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) result in the expression of adhesion molecules and junctional molecules on endothelial cells (EC) within a short time. Simultaneously, we examined the regulatory effects of several dietary flavonoids. We demonstrated the short-term expression of adhesion molecules in a human EC line cultured with normal glucose (5.5 mM), HG (30 mM) and TNFα (10 ng/ml) by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunocytochemistry and adhesion assay. The expr... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3175176 Fri, 06 Feb 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3175176 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3175175&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286308002465%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) modulates body composition, especially by reducing adipose tissue. However, despite the increasing knowledge about CLA's beneficial effects on obesity management, the mechanism of action is not yet fully understood. Furthermore, in some human studies fat loss is accompanied by impairment in insulin sensitivity, especially when using the trans-10,cis-12 isomer. The aim of this work was to study the effects of moderate doses of CLA on body fat deposition, cytokine profile and inflammatory markers in mice. Mice were orally treated with a mixture of CLA isomers, cis-9,trans-11 and trans-10,cis-12 (50:50), for 35 days with doses of CLA1 (0.15 g CLA/kg body weight) and CLA2 (0.5 g CLA/kg body weight). CLA had discrete effects on body weight but caused a c... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3175175 Fri, 06 Feb 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3175175 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2995257&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286308002544%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In this study, we investigated the effects of green tea polyphenols (GTPs) on endothelial Cav-1 expression and phosphorylation in vitro. Bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) were treated with 4 μg/ml GTPs for 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 24 h, and with 0, 0.04, 0.4, 4 and 40 μg/ml GTPs for 16 h, respectively. Cav-1 protein and mRNA were detected using Western blot and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Cav-1 protein expression was down-regulated after treatment of BAECs with 4 μg/ml GTPs for 12, 16 and 24 h. And decrease in the level of Cav-1 mRNA was observed after GTP treatment for 4 and 8 h. GTPs (0.04–4 μg/ml) down-regulate Cav-1 protein expressions and mRNA levels dose dependently. PD98059, an inhibitor of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), up-regulated ... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2995257 Fri, 06 Feb 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2995257 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2995253&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286308002027%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study provides an experimental evidence of the effects of CrPic on glucose uptake through the activation of p38 MAPK and it is independent of the effect on GLUT4 translocation. The findings also suggest exciting new insights into the role of p38 MAPK in glucose uptake and GLUT4 translocation. (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2995253 Fri, 06 Feb 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2995253 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2882464&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286308002246%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In this study, we examined the postprandial triglyceridemia following an ingestion of randomized stearic acid-rich fat. Following a 12-h fast, nine healthy young males ate a hamburger meal with 16.7 g of stearic acid (30% in triacylglycerol (TAG) sn-2 position, fully randomized). Postprandial blood samples were collected for 450 min, and the stearic acid content in chylomicron (CM, Svedberg flotation rate >400) TAG and the proportion of stearic acid in the sn-2 position were measured by tandem mass spectrometry at peak (180 min) and late (360 min) triglyceridemia. Of all stearic acid in CM TAG, 23% and 22% were in the sn-2 position at peak and late triglyceridemia (P (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2882464 Fri, 06 Feb 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2882464 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3287158&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286308002441%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Dietary n−3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are major components of cell membranes and have beneficial effects on human health. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n−3) is the most biologically important n−3 PUFA and can be synthesized from its dietary essential precursor, α-linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3n−3). Gender differences in the efficiency of DHA bioconversion have been reported, but underlying molecular mechanisms are unknown. We compared the capacity for DHA synthesis from ALA and the expression of related enzymes in the liver and cerebral cortex between male and female rats. Wistar rats, born with a low-DHA status, were supplied with a suboptimal amount of ALA from weaning to 8 weeks of age. Fatty acid composition was determined by gas chromatography, the mRNA express... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3287158 Wed, 21 Jan 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3287158 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3175174&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286308002453%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The main aims of this study were to elucidate the effect of green tea catechins on Nudix-type motif 6 (NUDT6) suppression and to characterize NUDT6's biological activity. Our microarray data showed that the green tea component epicatechin-3-gallate suppressed NUDT6 expression, and this was confirmed by RT-PCR. Subsequently, the use of different catechins showed that the effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) was stronger than that of other catechins. At the posttranscriptional level, EGCG decreased the RNA stability of NUDT6, indicating it as a potential mechanism of NUDT6 suppression. Further cloning of the 3′ untranslated region of human NUDT6 mRNA resulted in reduced luciferase activity by EGCG treatment. This effect was at least, in part, mediated by the extracellular-... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3175174 Wed, 21 Jan 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3175174 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3175173&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286308002362%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes We examined whether the effects of high-amylose cornstarch (HACS) on lipid metabolism in ovariectomized (OVX) rats were affected by high-fructose feeding. Sucrose (482 g/kg diet) was used as fructose source. OVX rats were fed one of the following four diets for 21 days: a sucrose-based or cornstarch-based cholesterol-free diet with or without HACS (150 g/kg diet). Body weight and food intake were increased by sucrose. Plasma total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were increased by sucrose and decreased by HACS in cornstarch-fed rats, but not in sucrose-fed rats. Liver total lipids and concentrations of plasma and liver triacylglycerol (TAG) were increased by sucrose, whereas plasma TAG concentration was decreased by HACS, in sucrose-fed rats. However, live... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3175173 Wed, 21 Jan 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3175173 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3039144&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286308002258%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: It has been hypothesized that oxidative stress plays a key role in aging. In order to elucidate the role of the antioxidant network — including α-tocopherol (αT) and αT transfer protein — in aging in vivo, α-tocopherol transfer protein knockout (αTTP−/−) mice were fed a vitamin-E-depleted diet, and wild-type (WT) mice were fed a diet containing 0.002 wt.% αT from the age of 3 months to 1 1/2 years. The lipid oxidation markers total hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (tHODE) and 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α, and antioxidant levels in the blood, liver and brain were measured at 3, 6, 12 and 18 months. tHODE levels in the plasma of αTTP−/− mice were elevated at 6 months compared to 3 months, and were significantly higher those in WT mice, although they decreased thereafter. ... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3039144 Wed, 21 Jan 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3039144 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3039143&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286308002234%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study examined the inhibitory effects of isoliquiritigenin (ISL) on phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-induced MMP production and its tissue inhibitor of MMP (TIMP) in endothelial cells. No induction of either necrotic or apoptotic cell death was observed in response to a treatment with ISL at ≤25 μM. ISL dose-dependently suppressed PMA-induced expression and activity of MMP-2 and membrane type 1-MMP at ≥1 μM while diminishing the elevated MMP-2 transcript level. In addition, ISL inhibited PMA-triggered migration and tube formation in a dose-dependent manner. ISL further increased the TIMP production up-regulated by PMA with a biphasic effect on TIMP-2 expression. This study further attempted to investigate whether a c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)- or p38 mitogen-activated protein k... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3039143 Wed, 21 Jan 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3039143 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3039142&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286308002222%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Macrophage infiltration of white adipose tissue (WAT) is implicated in the metabolic complications of obesity. In addition, inflammatory changes through dysregulated expression of inflammation-related adipokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in WAT are considered to be one of the causes of insulin resistance. Recently, enhanced oxidative stress in adipocytes has been reported to be implicated in dysregulated expression of inflammation-related adipokines. Polyphenols are well known as potent natural antioxidants in the diet. In the present study, we investigated the antioxidative effects of an oligomerized grape seed polyphenol (OGSP) on inflammatory changes in coculture of adipocytes and macrophages. Coculture of HW mouse... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3039142 Wed, 21 Jan 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3039142 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3039141&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286308002210%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The present study was undertaken to examine whether lycopene is able to counteract 7-ketocholesterol (7-KC)-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in human macrophages. Human THP-1 macrophages were exposed to 7-KC (10–25 μM) alone and in combination with lycopene (0.5–2 μM), and we monitored changes in cell oxidative status [reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, NOX-4, hsp70 and hsp90 expressions, 8-OHdG formation] and in cell proliferation and apoptosis. After 24 h of treatment, lycopene significantly reduced the increase in ROS production and in 8-OHdG formation induced by the oxysterol in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the carotenoid strongly prevented the increase of NOX-4, hsp70 and hsp90 expressions as well as the phosphorylation of the redox-sensitive p38, JN... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3039141 Wed, 21 Jan 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3039141 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3039140&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286308002209%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The aim of this study was to analyze regional differences in the time-course response to fasting and refeeding in the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism in retroperitoneal, mesenteric and inguinal adipose tissue. Rats were studied under different feeding conditions: feeding state; after 4, 8 or 24 h of fasting; and after 3 h of refeeding following 8 h of fasting. The expression of lipogenesis-related genes decreased by fasting in adipose tissue, and the retroperitoneal depot showed the fastest response: mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 (PPARγ2) decreased after 4 h of fasting and those of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP1c), fatty acid synthase (FAS), GPAT and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) decreased after 8 h. In t... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3039140 Wed, 21 Jan 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3039140 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3039139&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286308002143%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: We have previously reported on the positive effects of wild blueberries on arterial contractile response to α1 adrenergic stimuli and on endothelium-mediated vasorelaxation. Our present study was designed to evaluate the effects of the dietary enrichment with wild blueberries on aortic function and reactivity in the developmental phase of essential hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). We investigated the possible influence blueberries may have on the acetylcholine (Ach)-induced endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation and phenylephrine-induced vasoconstriction in young SHRs, as well as the contribution of the nitric oxide (NO) synthase and cyclooxygenase (COX) pathways in each of the above responses in an animal model with dysfunctional endothelium. Vascular ring s... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3039139 Wed, 21 Jan 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3039139 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2995256&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286308002192%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, our results indicated that SAC effectively inhibited the proliferation, up-regulated the expression of E-cadherin molecule and stabilized the E-cadherin/β-catenin adherent junction complex in human oral squamous cancer cells. The mechanism of action was in part through the suppression of MAPK/ERK signaling pathway and down-regulation of the SLUG repressor protein. (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2995256 Wed, 21 Jan 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2995256 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2995255&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286308002131%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: We have demonstrated that zinc exposure induces apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells (PC-3) and benign hyperplasia cells (BPH), but not in normal prostate cells (HPR-1). However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of zinc on prostate cancer cell growth and zinc homeostasis remain unclear.To explore the zinc effect on gene expression profiles in normal (HPR-1) and malignant prostate cells (PC-3), we conducted a time course study of Zn treatment with microarray analysis. Microarray data were evaluated and profiled using computational approach for the primary and secondary data analyses. Final analyses were focused on the genes (1) highly sensitive to zinc; (2) associated with zinc homeostasis, i.e., metallothioneins (MTs), solute zinc carriers (ZIPs) and zinc exporters (ZnTs... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2995255 Mon, 15 Dec 2008 00:00:00 +0100 2995255 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2995254&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS095528630800212X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of oral supplementation with a novel chromium complex, chromium (d-phenylalanine)3 [Cr(d-phe)3] at 45 μg/kg/day for 5 weeks, on skeletal muscle atrophy and glucose intolerance in a hindlimb suspension mouse model. Hindlimb-suspended mice exhibited reduced skeletal muscle fiber size and enhanced whole-body glucose intolerance, both of which were reversed by chromium treatment. The inhibition of skeletal muscle atrophy by chromium was associated with reductions in the ubiquitination ligase atrogin-1/muscle atrophy F-box, which is elevated in hindlimb-suspended mice. Neither hindlimb suspension nor chromium treatment altered the protein levels of the myostatin, phospho-Forkhead box O-1 and mammalian target of rapamycin. Chromium-treated ... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2995254 Mon, 15 Dec 2008 00:00:00 +0100 2995254 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2995252&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286308002015%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Regular swimming and phytotherapeutic supplementation are assumed to alleviate the severity of neurodegeneration leading to dementia. The effect of swimming training and that of enriched lab chow containing 1% (w/w) dried nettle (Urtica dioica) leaf on the prevention of severity of brain injury caused by N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) lesion in Wistar rats were investigated. Nettle supplementation and regular swimming exercise seem to improve the adverse effect of brain injury caused by NMDA lesion assessed by passive avoidance test and open-field test. Nettle supplementation decreases the level of reactive oxygen species, measured by electron paramagnetic resonance, and the DNA-binding activity of NF-κB. The data reveal that nettle supplementation has an effective antioxidant role... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2995252 Mon, 15 Dec 2008 00:00:00 +0100 2995252 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2995248&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286308001915%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The intestinal microbial transformation of daidzein into equol is subject to a wide inter-individual variability. The aim of this study was to investigate in vitro this transformation and to evaluate possible correlations between individual diet and equol production. The transformation of daidzein was investigated in anaerobic batch cultures inoculated with mixed fecal bacteria from 90 volunteers. The daidzein metabolism was monitored by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and a chiral column was used to distinguish equol and dihydrodaidzein enantiomers. The obtained results show that daidzein was unchanged (≈27%) or degraded to equol (≈28%), O-desmethylangolensin (≈12%) or dihydrodaidzein (≈31%). Furthermore, some subjects (≈2%) are able to produce both equol and ... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2995248 Mon, 15 Dec 2008 00:00:00 +0100 2995248 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2882458&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286308001769%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Iron plays a key pathophysiological role in a number of cardiac diseases. Studies on the mechanisms of heart iron homeostasis are therefore crucial for understanding the causes of excessive heart iron. In addition to iron uptake, cellular iron balance in the heart also depends on iron export. We provided evidence for the existence of iron exporter ferroportin 1 (Fpn1) in the heart in a recent study. The presence of hepcidin, a recently discovered iron regulatory hormone, was also confirmed in the heart recently. Based on these findings and the inhibiting role of hepcidin on Fpn1 in other tissues, we speculated that hepcidin might be able to bind with, internalize and degrade Fpn1 and then decrease iron export in heart cells, leading to an abnormal increase in heart iron and iron ... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2882458 Tue, 25 Nov 2008 00:00:00 +0100 2882458 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2597585&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS095528630800140X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study suggests that a direct reduction in the size of some hypertrophic cardiomyocytes and a replication of other hypertrophic cardiomyocytes with reduced size make a significant contribution to the regression of CuD heart hypertrophy, leading to normalization of the size and the number of cardiomyocytes in the heart. (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2597585 Tue, 25 Nov 2008 00:00:00 +0100 2597585 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2995250&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS095528630800199X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The objective of this study was to determine if 9,11 and 10,12 CLA affect osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation from MSCs and to determine whether any effects are associated with changes in Wnt10b and C/EBPα expression. Osteoblast differentiation was assessed by calcium deposition, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and the expression of Wnt10b, runx2 and osteocalcin. Adipocyte differentiation was assessed by oil red O staining and C/EBPα, PPARγ and FABP4 expression. Compared to vehicle, 9,11 CLA decreased calcium deposition (∼15%), increased oil red O staining (∼21-28%) and increased FABP4 (AP2) expression (∼58-75%). In contrast, 10,12 CLA increased calcium deposition (∼12-60%), ALP activity (∼2.1-fold) and the expression of Wnt10b (∼60-80%) and osteocalcin (∼90%), b... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2995250 Wed, 19 Nov 2008 00:00:00 +0100 2995250 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2995251&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286308002003%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: The present study suggests that EPA, by acting as a precursor for DHA, ameliorates learning deficits associated with Alzheimer's disease and that these effects are modulated by the expression of proteins involved in neuronal plasticity. (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2995251 Fri, 07 Nov 2008 00:00:00 +0100 2995251 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2882463&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286308001903%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In this study, we examined the effects of CE on postprandial apolipoprotein (apo) B-48 increase in fructose-fed rats, and the secretion of apoB48 in freshly isolated intestinal enterocytes of fructose-fed hamsters. In an olive oil loading study, a water-soluble CE (Cinnulin PF, 50 mg/kg body weight, orally) decreased serum triglyceride (TG) levels and the over production of total- and TG-rich lipoprotein-apoB48. In ex vivo 35S labeling study, significant decreases were also observed in apoB48 secretion into the media in enterocytes isolated from fructose-fed hamsters. We also investigated the molecular mechanisms of the effects of CE on the expression of genes of the insulin signaling pathway [insulin receptor (IR), IR substrate (IRS)1, IRS2 and Akt1], and lipoprotein metabolism [microsoma... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2882463 Fri, 07 Nov 2008 00:00:00 +0100 2882463 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2882462&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286308001812%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes We examined whether combinations of aspirin and α-tocopherol (αT) or aspirin and γ-tocopherol (γT), with αT and γT being the two major forms of vitamin E, are better anti-inflammatory agents than aspirin alone, and whether these combinations alleviate aspirin-associated side effects. In the carrageenan-induced air-pouch inflammation model in the rat, aspirin (150 mg/kg) or a combination of aspirin and γT (33 mg/kg) inhibited proinflammatory prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by 70% (P (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2882462 Fri, 07 Nov 2008 00:00:00 +0100 2882462 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2882461&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286308001800%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The hypothesis that the maslinic acid (MA) of olive oil (OO) dramatically influences hepatic gene expression was tested in mice. Two OOs only differing in the presence of MA were prepared. Using DNA microarrays, we analyzed hepatic gene expression in apolipoprotein E (apoE)-deficient mice with a C57BL/6J genetic background that were fed with isocaloric, isonitrogenous diets containing either 10% (w/w) OO or 10% MA-enriched OO. As an initial screening of potential candidate genes involved in a differential response, this study further considered only genes with remarkably modified expression (signal log2 ratio higher than1.5 or lower than −1.5). The nine genes fulfilling these prerequisites were confirmed by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and analyz... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2882461 Fri, 07 Nov 2008 00:00:00 +0100 2882461 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2882460&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286308001794%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: One of the flavones, apigenin has various physiological functions including anti-inflammatory activities. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronically relapsing inflammatory disorder that is characterized by pruritic and eczematous skin lesions. To evaluate the anti-allergic effect of apigenin in vivo, we examined the effect of dietary apigenin on picrylchloride (PiCl)-induced AD-like pathology in NC/Nga mice. NC/Nga mice were fed experimental diets containing apigenin from Day 18 after sensitized with PiCl for 4 weeks. Dietary apigenin significantly alleviated the development of skin lesions, accompanied by lower serum immunoglobulin (Ig) G1 and IgE levels in NC/Nga mice. Interferon (IFN)-γ mRNA expression level in spleen cells from NC/Nga mice was reduced by apigenin feeding. Moreo... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2882460 Fri, 07 Nov 2008 00:00:00 +0100 2882460 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2882459&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286308001782%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The present study aimed to investigate the effects of Hsian-tsao (Mesona procumbens Hemsl.) and its active compound on blood pressure, lipid peroxidation and total antioxidant status of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Male SHRs were orally administrated either a water extract of Hsian-tsao (WEHT) (1.0 g/kg) or caffeic acid (CA) [0.1 g/kg of body weight (BW)] on a daily basis for 6 weeks. The results indicated that both hepatic and plasmatic malondialdehyde concentration were increased and total liver glutathione (GSH) levels and antioxidant enzyme activities were decreased in SHRs when compared to the control Wistar Kyoto rats at the end of the trail. In SHRs, oral administration of WEHT or CA for 6 weeks reduced blood pressure as well as plasma and hepatic malondialdehyd... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2882459 Fri, 07 Nov 2008 00:00:00 +0100 2882459 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2882457&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286308001757%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study was conducted to examine how different CLA isomers regulate gene expression in RAW 264.7. A mouse macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7, was treated with five different CLA isomers (9E,11E-, 9Z,11E-, 9Z,11Z-, 10E,12Z- and 11Z,13E-CLA). Gene expression microarrays were performed, and several significantly regulated genes of interest were verified by a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Examination of the biological functions of various significantly regulated genes by the five CLA isomers showed distinct properties. Isomers 9E,11E-, 9Z,11Z-, 10E,12Z- and 11Z,13E-CLA decreased production of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β and IL-6. Many of CLA's effects are believed to be mediated by the fatty acid receptors such as the peroxisome proliferator-acti... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2882457 Fri, 07 Nov 2008 00:00:00 +0100 2882457 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2781394&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286308001770%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Changes in mitochondrial and sarcoplasmic proteins using proteinomics and Western blotting in hearts from copper-deficient rats were explored in this study. Also, key enzymes that are involved in cardiac energy metabolism via glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation and related transcription factors were determined. Rats were fed one of two diets: a copper-adequate diet containing 6 mg Cu/kg diet or a diet with less than 1 mg Cu/kg diet for 5 weeks. Copper deficiency was confirmed by low liver copper levels, decreased hematocrit levels and cardiac hypertrophy. Proteinomic data revealed that of the more than 50 proteins identified from the mitochondrial fraction of heart tissue, six were significantly down-regulated and nine were up-regulated. The proteins that were decreased were beta... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2781394 Fri, 07 Nov 2008 00:00:00 +0100 2781394 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2781388&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286308001654%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, maternal GLP-2 and DEX reduced intestinal sugar uptake in their offspring. This may have nutritional implications for the offspring of mothers treated with GLP-2 or steroids. (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2781388 Fri, 07 Nov 2008 00:00:00 +0100 2781388 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2995249&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286308001927%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, we suggest that short-term cacao mass consumption showed an anxiolytic effect but chronic consumption did not. (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2995249 Mon, 03 Nov 2008 00:00:00 +0100 2995249 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2882456&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286308001745%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study was performed to investigate whether such effects occur also in pigs which like humans, as nonproliferating species, have a lower expression of PPARα and are less responsive to treatment with PPARα agonists than rodents. An experiment with 20 pigs was performed, which were either fed a diet ad-libitum or fasted for 24 h. Fasted pigs had higher relative mRNA concentrations of the PPARα target genes carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 and acyl-CoA oxidase in liver, heart, kidney, and small intestinal mucosa than control pigs, indicative of PPARα activation in these tissues (P (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2882456 Thu, 16 Oct 2008 23:00:00 +0100 2882456 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2781393&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286308001733%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Recent studies have demonstrated that green and black tea consumption can lower serum cholesterol in animals and in man, and suppression of hepatic cholesterol synthesis is suggested to contribute to this effect. To evaluate this hypothesis, we measured cholesterol synthesis in cultured rat hepatoma cells in the presence of green and black tea extracts and selected components. Green and black tea decreased cholesterol synthesis by up to 55% and 78%, respectively, as measured by a 3-h incorporation of radiolabeled acetate. Inhibition was much less evident when radiolabeled mevalonate was used, suggesting that the inhibition was mediated largely at or above the level of HMG-CoA reductase. Both extracts directly inhibited HMG-CoA reductase when added to microsomal preparations, alth... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2781393 Thu, 16 Oct 2008 23:00:00 +0100 2781393 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2781392&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286308001721%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The ethyl acetate extract of the gum of the guggul tree, Commiphora mukul (guggulipid), is marketed for the treatment of dyslipidaemia and obesity. We have found that it protects Lepob/Lepob mice from diabetes and have investigated possible molecular mechanisms for its metabolic effects, in particular those due to a newly identified component, commipheric acid. Both guggulipid (EC50=0.82 μg/ml) and commipheric acid (EC50=0.26 μg/ml) activated human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) in COS-7 cells transiently transfected with the receptor and a reporter gene construct. Similarly, both guggulipid (EC50=2.3 μg/ml) and commipheric acid (EC50=0.3 μg/ml) activated PPARγ and both promoted the differentiation of 3T3 L1 preadipocytes to adipocytes. Guggulipid (EC... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2781392 Thu, 16 Oct 2008 23:00:00 +0100 2781392 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2781391&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS095528630800171X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Caffeic acid and 5-caffeoylquinic acid are naturally occurring phenolic acid and its quinic acid ester found in plants. In this article, potential effects of 5-caffeoylquinic acid and caffeic acid on P-selectin expression were investigated due to its significant involvement in platelet activation. First, the effects of 5-caffeoylquinic acid and caffeic acid on cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes were determined due to their profound involvement in regulating P-selectin expression on platelets. At the concentration of 0.05 μM, 5-caffeoylquinic acid and caffeic acid were both able to inhibit COX-I enzyme activity by 60% (P (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2781391 Thu, 16 Oct 2008 23:00:00 +0100 2781391 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2781390&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286308001708%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Organic forms of selenium offer important health benefits including cancer prevention. Selenium intake has been traditionally quantified as glutathioneperoxidase activity or selenium concentration in blood or tissues. However, these indexes do not reflect organic selenium intake. Effect of dietary supplementation of rats with selenomethylselenocysteine on the blood plasma proteome was investigated in order to detect protein abundance differences between experimental (supranutritional selenium supplementation) and control [minimum selenium dose and sodium selenate instead of selenomethylselenocysteine (SeMSeCys)] groups. Four experimental groups and six control groups consisting of six rats each were fed with base diet supplemented with SeMSeCys or sodium selenate in different con... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2781390 Thu, 16 Oct 2008 23:00:00 +0100 2781390 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2781389&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286308001666%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Dietary supplementation with zinc is known to enhance food intake and growth in young children. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Ghrelin, a peptide derived mainly from stomach, plays an important role in food-intake regulation. The present study was conducted with the piglet model to test the hypothesis that zinc may increase gastric ghrelin secretion. In Experiment 1 (Exp. 1) , thirty-six 28-day-old weaned pigs were assigned to two groups (18 pigs/group), receiving four-week supplementation of 0 or 2000 mg/kg Zn (as ZnO) to the basal diet containing 100 mg/kg Zn. In Experiment (Exp. 2), sixteen 28-day-old piglets were assigned to the same treatments (n=8/group) as in Exp. 1, except that they were pair-fed an equal amount of diet. At the end of the exper... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2781389 Thu, 16 Oct 2008 23:00:00 +0100 2781389 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2781387&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286308001642%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Our study suggests a potential role of ABCC2 in susceptibility to NAFLD and disease severity. (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2781387 Thu, 16 Oct 2008 23:00:00 +0100 2781387 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2781386&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286308001630%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Agaricus blazei Murill (A. blazei) has been conventionally used as a health food for the prevention of cancer. However, little is known about the direct effects and action mechanisms of A. blazei on human prostate cancer. In the present study, the effects of A. blazei on the growth of human prostate cancer were examined in vitro and in vivo. A. blazei, especially the broth fraction, inhibited cell proliferation in both androgen-dependent and androgen-independent prostate cancer cell lines. The broth of A. blazei induced lactate dehydrogenase leakage in three cancer cell lines, whereas the activities of caspase 3 and the DNA fragmentation were enhanced the most in androgen-independent PC3 cells. The protein expressions of apoptosis-related molecules were elevated by the broth of A... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2781386 Thu, 16 Oct 2008 23:00:00 +0100 2781386 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2694586&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286308001617%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a major inducer of systemic inflammatory reactions and oxidative stress in response to microbial infections and may cause sepsis. In the present study, we demonstrate that retinoic acid inhibits LPS-induced activation in transgenic reporter mice and human monoblasts through inhibition of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). By using noninvasive molecular imaging of NF-κB luciferase reporter mice, we showed that administration of retinoic acid repressed LPS-induced whole-body luminescence, demonstrating in vivo the dynamics of retinoic acid's ability to repress physiologic response to LPS. Retinoic acid also inhibited LPS-induced NF-κB activity in the human myeloblastic cell line U937. Retinoic-acid-receptor-selective agonists mimicked — while spe... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2694586 Thu, 16 Oct 2008 23:00:00 +0100 2694586 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2597588&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286308001605%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients are at high risk for developing folate deficiency and colon cancer. Since it is difficult to study the subtle global and gene-specific epigenetic mechanisms involved in folate-mediated tumor initiation and promotion, we have generated genetically modified mouse models by targeting the reduced folate carrier (RFC1) and folate-binding protein (Folbp1) genes. The transgenic mice were fed semi-purified diets for 8 weeks containing either normal (2 mg) or deficient (0.1 mg folate/kg diet) levels of folate. Compound heterozygous mice (Folbp1+/−; RFC1+/−) fed an adequate folate diet exhibited a reduction in plasma folate concentrations compared to heterozygous (Folbp1+/−) and littermate wild-type mice (P (Source: The Journal of Nutritional... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2597588 Thu, 16 Oct 2008 23:00:00 +0100 2597588 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2597584&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286308001393%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: We recently demonstrated that treatment of three leukemic cell lines with an aqueous extract of cinnamon (CE) for 24 h produced dose-dependent arrests in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. To accomplish the goal of understanding underlying mechanisms, we selected the cell line most responsive to the CE treatment to study the effects of the extract on signaling molecules regulating cell cycle progression. Cell cycle analyses were conducted on treated versus nontreated cells from 0–6 h. The percentages of cells in G2/M in CE-treated cells increased significantly from 11.0±1.0 to 23.6±1.4 after 6 h, while the percentage for nontreated cells remained unchanged (12.3±0.8). Multiparametric flow cytometric analyses were used to associate activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein k... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2597584 Sun, 05 Oct 2008 23:00:00 +0100 2597584 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2694583&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286308001496%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Elevated postprandial lipemia is emerging as a risk factor for obesity-related chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, and is associated with alterations in several metabolic biomarkers of disease. Our goal was to examine the effects of specific polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acid (P/S) ratios on postprandial triacylglycerol (TAG) concentrations and metabolic biomarkers in men with different fasting TAG concentrations through a series of oral fat tolerance tests (OFTT) consisting solely of emulsified lipid. Otherwise healthy men with high (>1.69 mmol/L) fasting TAG (HTAG, n=8) and low fasting TAG (LTAG, n=8) underwent three OFTTs with specific P/S ratios of 0.2, 1.0 and 2.0, respectively, and a total lipid load of 1 g/kg subject body mass. All subje... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2694583 Wed, 01 Oct 2008 23:00:00 +0100 2694583 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2694582&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286308001484%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Interest in health benefits of conjugated fatty acids is growing. The present study compared the incorporation pattern of dietary conjugated linolenic acids (CLnA) into milk with that of conjugated linoleic acids (CLA). Lactating Sprague-Dawley rats (Day 1) were divided into five groups fed the control diet (n=4) or one of four experimental diets supplemented with 1–2% CLA or CLnA mixture (n=8 each). Supplementation of 1% and 2% CLA led to enrichment of 4.17% and 8.57% CLA, respectively, while supplementation of 1% and 2% CLnA resulted in enrichment of only 0.98% and 1.71% CLnA in the milk lipids, demonstrating the transfer of CLnA from maternal diet to milk was discriminated. When the lactating rats were given a diet containing a CLnA mixture of 9t,11t,13t-, 9c,11t,13t- and 9c... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2694582 Wed, 01 Oct 2008 23:00:00 +0100 2694582 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2597586&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286308001411%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The hormone 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) binds to the nuclear vitamin D receptor (nVDR), which heterodimerizes with retinoid X receptor α (RXRα), and this complex interacts with specific response elements [vitamin D response elements (VDREs)] to regulate gene transcription. Previous results show a significant reduction in 1,25(OH)2D-induced nVDR transcriptional activity in fibroblast (C3H10T1/2) cells transfected with the Harvey ras gene (ras cells) compared with parental cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanisms by which the H-ras gene interferes with nVDR transcriptional activity. Similar to the ras cells, transcriptional activity of the nVDR was reduced following induction of the H-ras gene for 9 days. The ras cells expressed similar protein ... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2597586 Wed, 01 Oct 2008 23:00:00 +0100 2597586 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2694587&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286308001629%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, during aging, DHA supplementation can improve the cognitive function in mice and can increase the protein level of BDNF in hippocampus tissue and the levels of NO and DA in hippocampus and striatum tissues. Taken together, our results suggest that DHA supplementation could improve the cognitive dysfunction due to aging, to some extent, and it may have a relationship with increasing the protein level of BDNF and the level of NO and DA. (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2694587 Tue, 30 Sep 2008 23:00:00 +0100 2694587 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2694584&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286308001502%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study was designed to determine the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) ethyl ester administration on the expression levels of several muscle, liver and adipose tissue genes involved in lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation pathways. Male Wistar rats fed a standard diet (control animals) or a high-fat diet were treated daily by oral gavage with EPA ethyl ester (1g/kg) for 5 weeks. The high-fat diet caused a very significant increase in plasma cholesterol (P (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2694584 Tue, 30 Sep 2008 23:00:00 +0100 2694584 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2694581&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286308001472%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between consumption of large doses of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and the behaviour and brain morphobiochemistry of normal growing rats. Four groups of rats were treated with LAB cultures twice daily for 6 months. The control group received 1 ml of saline per treatment, while two experimental groups received 1 ml of living bacteria (Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus fermentum, respectively) and the remaining group received a heat-treated (inactivated) L. fermentum culture. After 2 and 6 months of treatment, respectively, eight animals from each group were sacrificed, and specimens were taken for further analyses. The behaviour of the rats was evaluated five times in an open-field test at monthly intervals throughout the... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2694581 Tue, 30 Sep 2008 23:00:00 +0100 2694581 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2597587&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286308001460%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Colonization of germ-free (GF) mice has been shown to induce the gastrointestinal form of the selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidases, GPx2. Since bacterial colonization of the gastrointestinal tract is associated with stress, we aimed to clarify how bacteria affect selenoprotein expression in unstressed conditions. GF and conventional (CV) FVB/NHanTMHsd mice were fed a selenium-poor (0.086 ppm) or a selenium-adequate (0.15 ppm) diet for 5 weeks starting from weaning. Each group consisted of five animals. Specific glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) expression was measured in plasma, liver and intestinal sections by activity, protein and mRNA level as appropriate. Under selenium-adequate conditions, selenoprotein expression did not differ in GF and CV... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2597587 Tue, 30 Sep 2008 23:00:00 +0100 2597587 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2694580&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286308001381%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Isoliquiritigenin (ISL, 4,2′,4′-trihydroxychalcone), which is found in licorice, shallot and bean sprouts, is a potent antioxidant with anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of ISL treatment on the migration, invasion and adhesion characteristics of DU145 human prostate cancer cells. DU145 cells were cultured in the presence of 0–20 μmol/L ISL with or without 10 μg/L epidermal growth factor (EGF). ISL inhibited basal and EGF-induced cell migration, invasion and adhesion dose dependently. ISL decreased EGF-induced secretion of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), but inc... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2694580 Sun, 28 Sep 2008 23:00:00 +0100 2694580 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2597583&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS095528630800137X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: In contrast to extensive studies on tocopherols, very little is understood about tocotrienols (T3). We evaluated the antitumor activities of γ-T3 and δ-T3 in murine hepatoma MH134 cells in vitro and in vivo. We found that δ-T3 inhibited the growth of MH134 cells more strongly than γ-T3 by inducing apoptosis. In C3H/HeN mice implanted with MH134, it was found that γ-T3 and δ-T3 feeding significantly delayed tumor growth. On the other hand, both T3 had no significant effect on body weight, normal-tissue weight and immunoglobulin levels. Intriguingly, we found that T3 was detected in tumor, but not in normal tissues. These results, to our knowledge, are the first demonstration of specific accumulation of γ-T3 and δ-T3 in tumors and suggest that T3 accumulation is critical fo... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2597583 Sun, 28 Sep 2008 23:00:00 +0100 2597583 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2597582&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286308001368%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Liver fibrosis is characterized by high expression of the key profibrogenic cytokine transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and the natural tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1, leading to substantial accumulation of extracellular matrix. Liver fibrosis originates from various chronic liver diseases, such as chronic viral hepatitis that, to date, cannot be treated sufficiently. Thus, novel therapeutics, for example, those derived from Oriental medicine, have gained growing attention. In Korea, extracts prepared from Lindera obtusiloba are used for centuries for treatment of inflammation, improvement of blood circulation and prevention of liver damage, but experimental evidence of their efficacy is lacking. We studied direct antifibrotic effects in activated hepatic stella... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2597582 Sun, 28 Sep 2008 23:00:00 +0100 2597582 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2597580&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286308001265%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Rhinovirus infection results in increased release of inflammatory mediators from airway epithelial cells in asthma. As an antioxidant, lycopene offers protection from adverse effects of inflammation. The aim of this study was to find an appropriate method of lycopene enrichment of airway epithelial cells and to determine the effects of lycopene enrichment on the inflammatory response of cells infected by rhinovirus or exposed to lipopolysaccharide. Lycopene enrichment of airway epithelial cells using solubilisation in tetrahydrofuran versus incorporation in liposomes was compared. After determining that solubilisation of lycopene in tetrahydrofuran was the most suitable method of lycopene supplementation, airway epithelial cells (Calu-3) were incubated with lycopene (dissolved in... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2597580 Sun, 28 Sep 2008 23:00:00 +0100 2597580 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2694585&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286308001514%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes We examined whether different preadministrative protocols of DHA have effects on brain injury after focal cerebral I/R and investigated the potential neuroactive mechanisms involved. Sprague–Dawley rats were intraperitoneally pretreated with DHA once 1 h or 3 days being subjected to focal cerebral I/R or daily for 6 weeks before being subjected to focal cerebral I/R. Reduction of brain infarction was found in all three DHA-pretreated groups. The beneficial effect of DHA on the treatment groups was accompanied by decreases in blood–brain barrier disruption, brain edema, malondialdehyde (MDA) production, inflammatory cell infiltration, interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression and caspase-3 activity. Elevation of antioxidative capacity, as evidenced by decreased MDA level and increased superoxide ... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2694585 Sun, 21 Sep 2008 23:00:00 +0100 2694585 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2597579&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286308001241%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, the present work provides direct evidence that the lack of PP regulation of proteasome-dependent proteolysis in old rats resulted from a selective resistance to AA. (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2597579 Sun, 14 Sep 2008 23:00:00 +0100 2597579 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2503384&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS095528630800123X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In this study, we investigated the antiglycating potential of cumin in vitro and its ability to modulate the chaperone-like activity of α-crystallin vis-à-vis the progression of diabetic cataract in vivo. Aqueous extract of cumin was tested for its antiglycating ability against fructose-induced glycation of goat lens total soluble protein (TSP), α-crystallin from goat lens and a nonlenticular protein bovine serum albumin (BSA). The antiglycating potential of cumin was also investigated by feeding streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats with diet containing 0.5% cumin powder. The aqueous extract of cumin prevented in vitro glycation of TSP, α-crystallin and BSA. Slit lamp examination revealed that supplementation of cumin delayed progression and maturation of STZ-induced cataract in ... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2503384 Sun, 14 Sep 2008 23:00:00 +0100 2503384 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2503383&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286308001228%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Weanling mammals (including infants) often experience intestinal dysfunction when fed a high-protein diet. Recent work with the piglet (an animal model for studying human infant nutrition) shows that reducing protein intake can improve gut function during weaning but compromises the provision of essential amino acids (EAA) for muscle growth. The present study was conducted with weaned pigs to test the hypothesis that supplementing deficient EAA (Lys, Met, Thr, Trp, Leu, Ile and Val) to a low-protein diet may maintain the activation of translation initiation factors and adequate protein synthesis in tissues. Pigs were weaned at 21 days of age and fed diets containing 20.7, 16.7 or 12.7% crude protein (CP), with the low-CP diets supplemented with EAA to achieve the levels in the hi... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2503383 Sun, 14 Sep 2008 23:00:00 +0100 2503383 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2503382&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286308001216%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes We report here that octanoate and decanoate, 8-carbon and 10-carbon medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA), decreased adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes when treated with standard hormonal cocktail, but increased adipogenesis in a dose-dependent manner (with decanoate being more effective) when treated with basal media. Addition of dexamethasone to basal medium with either octanoate or decanoate further increased adipogenesis. In order to understand the adipogenic effects of MCFA in the absence of standard hormonal cocktail, postconfluent 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were treated with octanoate or decanoate, and the change in the expression of several adipogenic transcription factors and enzymes was investigated using real-time RT-PCR. Octanoate and decanoate up-regulated the mRNA expression of peroxis... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2503382 Sun, 14 Sep 2008 23:00:00 +0100 2503382 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2503381&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286308001204%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: To investigate the effects of selenium on mRNA expressions of proinflammatory cytokines and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the pancreas of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, the animals were divided into three groups in this study: a normal control group, an untreated diabetes mellitus group and a selenite-treated diabetes mellitus group. Selenite was administered to the diabetic mice in selenite-treated diabetes mellitus group for 2 weeks with an oral dose of 2 mg/kg body weight per day by gavage. The results showed that pancreatic selenium content and glutathione peroxidase mRNA expression and activity were decreased by 16.0%, 63.9% (P (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2503381 Sun, 14 Sep 2008 23:00:00 +0100 2503381 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2503380&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286308001198%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Epidemiological studies suggest that a moderate consumption of anthocyanins may be associated with protection against coronary heart disease. The main dietary sources of anthocyanins include red-coloured fruits and red wine. Although dietary anthocyanins comprise a diverse mixture of molecules, little is known how structural diversity relates to their bioavailability and biological function. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the absorption and metabolism of the 3-monoglucosides of delphinidin, cyanidin, petunidin, peonidin and malvidin in humans and to examine both the effect of consuming a red wine extract on plasma antioxidant status and on monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 production in healthy human subjects. After a 12-h overnight fast, seven healthy volunteers r... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2503380 Sun, 14 Sep 2008 23:00:00 +0100 2503380 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2503379&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286308001186%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Dihydroxy-cholecalciferol [1,25(OH)2D3] has been shown to have pleiotropic effects on the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) based on species and culture conditions. We have examined the effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 on the differentiation of porcine MSC under culture conditions designed to promote proliferation in order to attempt to mimic the conditions in young, rapidly growing animals. The MSC were isolated from bone marrow of a young pig and grown in basal media (BM) containing DMEM+10% fetal bovine serum and antibiotics. Cells received either BM, BM+10−8 M 1,25(OH)2D3 or BM+10−7 M 1,25(OH)2D3 with complete media changes every 3 days for a total of 12 days of culture. On days 3, 6, 9 and 12, viable cell numbers were determined, and samples were collected for gene e... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2503379 Sun, 14 Sep 2008 23:00:00 +0100 2503379 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2503377&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286308001149%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Cocultures of two human cell lines, Caco-2 and HT29-MTX mucus-producing cells, have been incorporated into an in vitro digestion/cell culture model used to predict iron bioavailability. A range of different foods were subjected to in vitro digestion, and iron bioavailability from digests was assessed with Caco-2, Caco-2 overlaid with porcine mucin, HT29-MTX or cocultures of Caco-2 and HT29-MTX at varying ratios. It was found that increasing the ratio of HT29-MTX cells decreased the amount of ferritin formed and resulted in an overall decline in the ability of the model to detect differences in iron bioavailability. At the physiologically relevant ratios of 90% Caco-2/10% HT29-MTX and 75% Caco-2/25% HT29-MTX, however, a mucus layer completely covered the cell monolayer and the in ... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2503377 Tue, 19 Aug 2008 23:00:00 +0100 2503377 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2503378&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286308001162%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Taurine is a conditionally essential amino acid for human that is involved in the control of glucose homeostasis; however, the mechanisms by which the amino acid affects blood glucose levels are unknown. Using an animal model, we have studied these mechanisms. Mice were supplemented with taurine for 30 d. Blood glucose homeostasis was assessed by intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests (IPGTT). Islet cell function was determined by insulin secretion, cytosolic Ca2+ measurements and glucose metabolism from isolated islets. Islet cell gene expression and translocation was examined via immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Insulin signaling was studied by Western blot. Islets from taurine-supplemented mice had: (i) significantly higher insulin co... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2503378 Mon, 18 Aug 2008 23:00:00 +0100 2503378 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2597581&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286308001356%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Hyperhomocysteinemia, or abnormally high plasma homocysteine (Hcy) concentration, has often been associated with vascular thrombosis and the development of premature atherosclerosis. Many studies have shown that moderate wine consumption has potential beneficial effects related to the prevention of atherosclerosis, in part attributed to the biological properties of polyphenolic components, mainly flavonoids. The aim of the present study is to determine the effects of a red wine polyphenolic extract (PE) administration on hyperhomocysteinemia due to cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) deficiency and on the associated biochemical markers of hepatic and endothelial dysfunctions in mice. Red wine PE was added for 4 weeks to the drinking water of heterozygous CBS-deficient mice fed a high... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2597581 Sun, 03 Aug 2008 23:00:00 +0100 2597581