MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry' source. Thu, 09 Feb 2012 13:38:45 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5576491&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286311003238%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5576491 Mon, 09 Jan 2012 22:10:52 +0100 5576491 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5576492&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286311001975%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) from fish oil exert their functional effects by targeting multiple mechanisms. One mechanism to emerge in the past decade is the ability of n-3 PUFA acyl chains to perturb the molecular organization of plasma membrane sphingolipid/cholesterol-enriched lipid raft domains. These domains are nanometer-scale assemblies that coalesce to compartmentalize select proteins for optimal function. Here we review recent evidence on how n-3 PUFAs modify lipid rafts from biophysical and biochemical experiments from several different model systems. A central theme emerges from these studies. N-3 PUFA acyl chains display tremendous conformational flexibility and a low affinity for cholesterol and saturated acyl chains. This unique flexibility of n-3 PUFA ac... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5576492 Fri, 02 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5576492 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5417170&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS095528631100266X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5417170 Thu, 17 Nov 2011 21:28:12 +0100 5417170 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5321236&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286311001963%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article reviews the recent contributions of metabolomics to the fields of nutrition, toxicology and medicine. It is expected that these fields will eventually blend together through development of new technologies in metabolomics and genomics into a new area of clinical chemistry: personalized medicine. (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5321236 Sun, 16 Oct 2011 09:22:49 +0100 5321236 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5321235&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286311002464%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5321235 Sun, 16 Oct 2011 09:22:49 +0100 5321235 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5500920&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286311000660%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Ample evidence indicates that dietary fatty acids alter the plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of fatty acids still remain elusive. Recent advances in our understanding of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) function and regulation have provided a valuable insight into the mechanisms by which fatty acids may affect plasma HDL-C levels. ABCA1 mediates the assembly of phospholipids and free cholesterol with apolipoprotein A-I, which is a critical step for HDL biogenesis. Studies have shown that unsaturated fatty acids, but not saturated fatty acids, repress the expression of ABCA1 in vitro. Although information on mechanisms for the fatty-acid-mediated regulation of ABCA1 expression is still limited ... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5500920 Mon, 20 Jun 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5500920 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4931921&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286311001173%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4931921 Thu, 16 Jun 2011 19:39:48 +0100 4931921 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5576500&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286311000167%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, we demonstrate that fructose-enriched diets cause a tissue and hepatocyte damage that might exacerbate those observed in the presence of high-fat alone and might render, via redox homeostasis imbalance, the hepatocytes more prone to posttranslational modifications and activity alteration of PTEN. (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5576500 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5576500 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5576503&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286311000192%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Carvacrol (2-methyl-5-isopropylphenol) is a monoterpene phenolic constituent of the essential oil produced by numerous aromatic plants and spices. The main objective of this study was to investigate effects of carvacrol in mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD), which is an important model of obesity, and to study the potential underlying mechanisms focusing on the gene expression involved in adipogenesis, thermogenesis and inflammation. Male C57BL/6N mice were divided in three groups: those who received a normal diet, those fed with HFD and those fed with 0.1% carvacrol-supplemented diet (CSD). Body weight, visceral fat-pads and biochemical parameters were determined. Adipose tissue genes and protein expression levels were also assessed through reverse transcription polymerase chai... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5576503 Wed, 30 Mar 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5576503 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5576502&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286311000180%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Nanoemulsification of nutrients could improve bioavailability by enhancing intestinal uptake. We investigated the antioxidant and hypolipidemic effects of nanoemulsified green tea extract (NGTE). Antioxidant effect was measured by 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assay and dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) assay. C57BL/6 mice were fed a control high-fat diet, green tea extract (GTE), or NGTE diet for 4 weeks. In composition analysis, GTE and NGTE contained similar total catechin concentrations. The antioxidative effect of GTE was comparable with that of NGTE. In the ABTS assay, GTE had a marked effect, although NGTE was more effective than GTE in the DCFH-DA assay. In the mouse feeding experiment, total and low-density lipopr... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5576502 Wed, 30 Mar 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5576502 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5576501&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286311000179%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: In vitro studies have shown that quercetin modulates the effects of β-carotene induced by stimulants. Whether these reactions happen in vivo, however, is unclear. Thus, we investigated whether quercetin supplementation suppresses the harmful effects of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) alone or combined with β-carotene in the lungs of Mongolian gerbils. The gerbils were given quercetin (100 mg/kg body wt, 3 times/week), β-carotene (10 mg/kg body wt, 3 times/week), and BaP (8 mmol, 2 times/week) alone or in combination by gavage for 6 months. β-Carotene supplementation enhanced the pro-inflammatory effects of BaP in the lungs of gerbils. In contrast, quercetin supplementation significantly decreased the infiltration of inflammatory cells as well as the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in the br... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5576501 Wed, 30 Mar 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5576501 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5576499&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286311000155%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Flavonoids, such as the tea catechin epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG), can protect against atherosclerosis by decreasing vascular endothelial cell inflammation. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an enzyme that plays an important role in vascular physiology, and its induction may provide protection against atherosclerosis. Heme oxygenase-1 can be compartmentalized in caveolae in endothelial cells. Caveolae are plasma microdomains important in vesicular transport and the regulation of signaling pathways associated with the pathology of vascular diseases. We hypothesize that caveolae play a role in the uptake and transport of EGCG and mechanisms associated with the anti-inflammatory properties of this flavonoid. To test this hypothesis, we explored the effect of EGCG on the induction of NF-... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5576499 Wed, 30 Mar 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5576499 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5576495&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286311000027%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, β-conglycinin effectively prevents fatty liver induced by a high-fat diet through a decrease in liver PPARγ2 protein. (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5576495 Wed, 30 Mar 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5576495 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5576498&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286311000088%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study has assessed whether chia seeds attenuated the metabolic, cardiovascular and hepatic signs of a high-carbohydrate, high-fat (H) diet [carbohydrates, 52% (wt/wt); fat, 24% (wt/wt) with 25% (wt/vol) fructose in drinking water] in rats. Diets of the treatment groups were supplemented with 5% chia seeds after 8 weeks on H diet for a further 8 weeks. Compared with the H rats, chia seed-supplemented rats had improved insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance, reduced visceral adiposity, decreased hepatic steatosis and reduced cardiac and hepatic inflammation and fibrosis without changes in plasma lipids or blood pressure. Chia seeds induced lipid redistribution with lipid trafficking away from the visceral fat and liver with an increased accumulation in the heart. The stearoyl-CoA des... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5576498 Wed, 23 Mar 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5576498 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5576497&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286311000040%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) due to maternal protein restriction is associated in rats with an alteration in hypothalamic centers involved in feeding behaviour. In order to gain insight into the mechanism of perinatal maternal undernutrition in the brain, we used proteomics approach to identify hypothalamic proteins that are altered in their expression following protein restriction in utero. We used an animal model in which restriction of the protein intake of pregnant rats (8% vs. 20%) produces IUGR pups which were randomized to a nursing regimen leading to either rapid or slow catch-up growth. We identified several proteins which allowed, by multivariate analysis, a very good discrimination of the three groups according to their perinatal nutrition. These proteins wer... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5576497 Wed, 23 Mar 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5576497 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5576496&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286311000039%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Childhood obesity has become a prevalent risk to health of children and teenagers. To develop biomarkers in serum for altered lipid metabolism, genetically obese (Ningxiang strain) and lean (Duroc×Landrace×Large Yorkshire strain) growing pigs were used as models to identify potential differences in the serum metabonome between the two strains of pigs after consuming the same diet for 46 days. At the end of the study, pigs were euthanized for analysis of the serum metabonome and determination of body composition. Obese pigs had higher fat mass (42.3±8.8% vs. 21.9±4.5%) and lower muscle mass (35.4±4.5% vs. 58.9±2.5%) than lean pigs (P (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5576496 Wed, 23 Mar 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5576496 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5500930&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS095528631100009X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Gamma-tocotrienol (γ-T3) is a member of the vitamin E family. Tocotrienols (T3s) are powerful antioxidants and possess anticancer, neuroprotective and cholesterol-lowering properties. Tocotrienols inhibit the growth of various cancer cell lines without affecting normal cells. Less is known about the exact mechanisms of action of T3s on cell death and other growth inhibitory pathways. In the present study, we demonstrate that γ-T3 induces apoptosis in MDA-MB 231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells as evident by PARP cleavage and caspase-7 activation. Gene expression analysis of MCF-7 cells treated with γ-T3 revealed alterations in the expression of multiple genes involved in cell growth and proliferation, cell death, cell cycle, cellular development, cellular movement and gene expres... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5500930 Wed, 23 Mar 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5500930 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5500929&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286311000076%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Although licorice is known to exert anticarcinogenic effects, it contains large quantities of glycyrrhizin (GL), which causes severe hypertension. We have previously demonstrated that the hexane/ethanol extract of Glycyrrhiza uralensis (HEGU) contains no detectable GL and suppresses doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in H9c2 rat cardiac myoblasts. The principal objective of this study was to determine whether and by what mechanism HEGU and its active component, isoangustone A, inhibit cell-cycle progression in DU145 human prostate and 4T1 mouse breast cancer cells. HEGU and isoangustone A dose-dependently decreased DNA synthesis and induced G1 phase arrest in both DU145 and 4T1 cells. HEGU and isoangustone A reduced the levels of CDK2 and CDK4 as well as cyclin A and cyclin D1 protein... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5500929 Wed, 23 Mar 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5500929 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5417171&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286311000064%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Evidence from both epidemiological studies and basic research suggests that obesity and osteoporosis are interrelated. Though there is an increase in the prevalence of these disorders, a limited number of treatments are available, one of the reasons being the complexity of the pathways involved and difficulty in identifying a single molecular target. Due to adverse effects of pharmaceuticals, intake of herbal drugs by patients without a physician's recommendation is increasing globally. Lack of success with targeted monotherapy has encouraged scientists to determine whether combinations of phytochemicals that interfere with numerous cell-signaling pathways can be a more effective approach to treat complex diseases. For example, evidence is emerging that specific combinations of p... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5417171 Wed, 23 Mar 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5417171 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5257058&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286311000052%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The ends of human chromosomes are protected by DNA–protein complexes termed telomeres, which prevent the chromosomes from fusing with each other and from being recognized as a double-strand break by DNA repair proteins. Due to the incomplete replication of linear chromosomes by DNA polymerase, telomeric DNA shortens with repeated cell divisions until the telomeres reach a critical length, at which point the cells enter senescence. Telomere length is an indicator of biological aging, and dysfunction of telomeres is linked to age-related pathologies like cardiovascular disease, Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease and cancer. Telomere length has been shown to be positively associated with nutritional status in human and animal studies. Various nutrients influence telomere length ... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5257058 Wed, 23 Mar 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5257058 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5576493&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310002676%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine if curcumin and quercetin inhibit induced aggrecan loss from bovine articular cartilage explants given that these polyphenols have been shown to suppress the expression of matrix-degrading enzymes. The kinetics of loss of 35S-aggrecan and the loss of total aggrecan in cartilage explants maintained in catabolic medium containing either 1 μM retinoic acid or 50 ng/ml interleukin (IL)-1α were studied in the presence of either 1–25 μM curcumin or 10–50 μM quercetin. The reversibility of catabolism of 35S-aggrecan was also studied in catabolically stimulated cultures treated with 25 μM curcumin or 50 μM quercetin for the initial 4–5 days of culture followed by 10–15 days of culture in catabolic medium in the absence of either polyph... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5576493 Fri, 18 Mar 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5576493 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5576494&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS095528631000269X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study investigates the role of the visceral as well as subcutaneous adipose tissues in the development of metaflammation by characterizing the tissue-specific expression profiles of TLRs and downstream signaling molecules and explores the differential responsiveness of TLR-mediated proinflammatory signaling cascades to diet-induced obesity (DIO) and obesity induced by a leptin gene deficiency. The obesity that was induced by a high-fat diet or leptin deficiency up-regulated the expression of TLR1–9 and TLR11–13 in murine adipose tissues, a phenomenon linked with downstream nuclear factor κB, interferon regulatory factors, and STAT-1 activation, and up-regulated the expression of cytokines and chemokines via MyD88-dependent and MyD88-independent cascades. The extent of the obesity... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5576494 Thu, 17 Mar 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5576494 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5500928&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310002688%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major factor in the failure of chemotherapy in cancer patients. Resistance to chemotherapy has been correlated to the overexpression of ABC drug transporters including P-glycoprotein (P-gp) that actively efflux chemotherapeutic drugs from cancer cells. Our previous study showed that bitter melon (Momordica charantia) leaf extract (BMLE) was able to reverse the MDR phenotype by increasing the intracellular accumulation of chemotherapeutic drugs. In the present study, bioguided fractionation was used to identify the active component(s) of BMLE that is able to modulate the function of P-gp and the MDR phenotype in a human cervical carcinoma cell line (KB-V1). We found that kuguacin J, one of the active components in BMLE, increased sensitivity to vinb... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5500928 Thu, 17 Mar 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5500928 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5500927&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310002664%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Root extract of liquorice is traditionally used to treat several diseases. Liquorice-derived constituents present several biological actions. In particular, glycyrrhizin and its aglycone, glycyrrhetinic acid, exhibit well-known cardiovascular properties. The aim of this research was to explore the direct cardiac activity of glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetinic acid.The effects of synthetic glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetinic acid were evaluated on the isolated and Langendorff perfused rat heart. The intracellular signaling involved in the effects of the two substances was analyzed on isolated and perfused heart and by Western blotting on cardiac extracts. Under basal conditions, both glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetinic acid influenced cardiac contractility and relaxation. Glycyrrhizin induced... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5500927 Thu, 17 Mar 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5500927 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5500926&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310002652%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study was designed to investigate the effects of dried plum on the changes in bone metabolism and the immune response associated with ovarian hormone deficiency. Adult female C57BL/6J mice were either sham-operated (Sham) and fed AIN-93 diet (control) or ovariectomized (OVX) and fed a control diet with 0%, 5%, 15% or 25% dried plum (w/w), corresponding to control, low- (LDP), medium- (MDP) and high (HDP)-dose dried plum. Four weeks of HDP supplementation prevented the decrease in spine bone mineral density and content induced by OVX. The OVX compromise in trabecular bone of the vertebra and proximal tibia was prevented by the higher doses of dried plum, and in the vertebra these effects resulted in greater (P (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5500926 Thu, 17 Mar 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5500926 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5500924&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310002627%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study examined chronic and oscillating SFAs and Glc on the inflammatory signalling pathway in human adipose tissue (AT) and adipocytes (Ads) and determined whether Ads are subject to “metabolic memory.”Abdominal (Abd) subcutaneous (Sc) explants and Ads were treated with chronic low glucose (L-Glc): 5.6 mM and high glucose (H-Glc): 17.5 mM, with low (0.2 mM) and high (2 mM) SFA for 48 h. Abd Sc explants and Ads were also exposed to the aforementioned treatment regimen for 12-h periods, with alternating rest periods of 12 h in L-Glc.Chronic treatment with L-Glc and high SFAs, H-Glc and high SFAs up-regulated key factors of the nuclear factor-κB (NFκB) pathway in Abd Sc AT and Ads (TLR4, NFκB; P (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5500924 Thu, 17 Mar 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5500924 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5417183&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310002640%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, nicotinamide exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects in human placenta, in part, via activation of FoxO3. Further studies should be undertaken to define a possible implication of vitamin B3 derivatives in the management of preterm labour and delivery. (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5417183 Thu, 17 Mar 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5417183 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5500925&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310002639%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, our findings support the view that chronic consumption of CG has potential beneficial effects with respect to the development of obesity and associated metabolic diabetes and hepatic steatosis, through a mechanism related to the restoration of the composition and/or the activity of gut bacteria, namely, bacteria from clostridial cluster XIVa. (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5500925 Wed, 16 Mar 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5500925 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4590188&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286311000507%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4590188 Tue, 15 Mar 2011 21:25:13 +0100 4590188 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5500921&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310002597%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study examined whether the anti-proliferative effect of lycopene on androgen-dependent human prostate cancer (LNCaP) cells involves the up-regulation of the expression of PPARγ and LXRα. As expected, lycopene treatment (2.5–10 μM) significantly inhibited the proliferation of LNCaP cells during incubation for 96 h. Lycopene significantly increased the protein and mRNA expression of PPARγ and LXRα at 24 and 48 h, while the increased in the expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter 1 (ABCA1) was only evident 96 h. In addition, lycopene significantly decreased cellular total cholesterol levels and increased apoA1 protein expression at 96 h. Incubation of LNCaP cells with lycopene (10 μM) in the presence (20 μM) of a specific antagonist of PPARγ (GW9662) and LXRα (GGPP) res... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5500921 Mon, 21 Feb 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5500921 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5417182&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310002585%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In this study, we evaluate the alterations of the redox balance induced by AA in Caco-2 intestinal cells as well as the potential protective role of natural antioxidants such as a well-standardized cocoa polyphenolic extract (CPE) and its main polyphenol components epicatechin (EC) and procyanidin B2 (PB2). We found that AA-induced oxidative stress in Caco-2 cells is evidenced by glutathione (GSH) depletion and reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction. AA also activated the extracellular-regulated kinases and the c-Jun N-amino terminal kinases (JNKs) leading to an increase in caspase-3 activity and cell death. Studies with appropriate inhibitors confirmed the implication of oxidative stress and JNKs activation in AA-induced apoptosis. Additionally, AA cytotoxicity was counteracted by C... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5417182 Mon, 21 Feb 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5417182 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5500923&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310002615%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Dietary isoflavones including genistein and daidzein have been shown to have favorable bone conserving effects during estrogen deficiency in experimental animals and humans. We have evaluated osteogenic effect of medicarpin (Med); a phytoalexin that is structurally related to isoflavones and is found in dietary legumes. Med stimulated osteoblast differentiation and mineralization at as low as 10−10 M. Studies with signal transduction inhibitors demonstrated involvement of a p38 mitogen activated protein kinase-ER-bone morphogenic protein-2 pathway in mediating Med action in osteoblasts. Co-activator interaction studies demonstrated that Med acted as an estrogen receptor (ER) agonist; however, in contrast to 17β-estradiol, Med had no uterine estrogenicity and blocked proliferat... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5500923 Fri, 18 Feb 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5500923 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5500922&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310002603%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, regulation of MAPK activity contributes to the impact of zinc on T-cell function. (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5500922 Fri, 18 Feb 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5500922 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5417181&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310002573%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The effect of creatine supplementation, alone or in combination with exercise training, on insulin sensitivity, intramyocellular lipid content (IMCL) and fatty acid translocase (FAT)/CD36 content was investigated in rats fed a sucrose-rich cafeteria diet during 12 weeks. Five experimental conditions were CON, receiving normal pellets; CAF, fed the cafeteria diet; CAFTR, fed the cafeteria diet together with exercise training in weeks 8–12 and CAFCR and CAFCRT that were analogous to CAF and CAFTR, respectively, but which received daily 2.5% of creatine monohydrate. During intravenous glucose tolerance test, compared with CON, whole-body glucose tolerance was reduced in CAF and CAFCR but not in CAFTR and CAFCRT. Insulin-stimulated glucose transport in perfused red gastrocnemius mu... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5417181 Fri, 18 Feb 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5417181 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5417180&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310002561%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study compares the density and tissue-specific distribution of 5-methyl cytosine (5mC) in genomic DNA from human fetuses with or without neural tube defects (NTD) and examines whether low maternal serum folate is a possible correlate and/or risk factor for NTD. The results demonstrate significant hypomethylation of brain genomic DNA in NTD fetuses relative to controls (P (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5417180 Fri, 18 Feb 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5417180 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5417179&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310002469%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, dietary SM modulated inflammatory responses at the early stages of the disease by activating PPAR-γ, but its anticarcinogenic effects followed a PPAR-γ-independent pattern. (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5417179 Tue, 08 Feb 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5417179 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5417178&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310002457%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes We examined whether resveratrol increases insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) production in the hippocampus by stimulating sensory neurons in the gastrointestinal tract, thereby improving cognitive function in mice. Resveratrol increased calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) release from dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons isolated from wild-type (WT) mice. Increases in tissue levels of CGRP, IGF-I, and IGF-I mRNA and immunohistochemical expression of IGF-I were observed in the hippocampus at 3 weeks after oral administration of resveratrol in WT mice. Significant enhancement of angiogenesis and neurogenesis was observed in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus in these animals (P (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5417178 Tue, 08 Feb 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5417178 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5417177&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310002433%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, these results suggest that lactoferrin promotes adipogenesis in human adipocytes by enhancing insulin signaling and inhibiting RB1 and AMPK activities. (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5417177 Tue, 08 Feb 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5417177 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5116901&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310002445%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The emergence of cancer stem cell theory has profound implications for cancer chemoprevention and therapy. Cancer stem cells give rise to the tumor bulk through continuous self-renewal and differentiation. Understanding the mechanisms that regulate self-renewal is of greatest importance for discovery of anticancer drugs targeting cancer stem cells. Naturally occurring dietary compounds have received increasing attention in cancer chemoprevention. The anticancer effects of many dietary components have been reported for both in vitro and in vivo studies. Recently, a number of studies have found that several dietary compounds can directly or indirectly affect cancer stem cell self-renewal pathways. Herein we review the current knowledge of most common natural dietary compounds for t... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5116901 Tue, 08 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 5116901 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5417176&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310002421%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Selenium, an essential mineral, plays important roles in optimizing human health. Chitosan (CS) is an effective, naturally oriented material for synthesizing nanoparticles with preferable properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradation and resistance to certain enzymes. We have recently shown that cellular exposure to selenium compounds activates ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM)-dependent DNA damage responses, a tumorigenesis barrier. To test whether nanoencapsulation of selenium modulates the cellular response to selenium compounds, the HCT 116 cancerous and the MRC-5 normal cells were treated with Na2SeO3 and methylseleninic acid (MSeA) encapsulated in CS/polyphosphate nanoparticles. Analyses of cellular selenium levels demonstrate that (1) the nanoencapsulation enhances... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5417176 Thu, 03 Feb 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5417176 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5417175&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310002391%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Antiangiogenic therapy mediated by food components is an established strategy for cancer chemoprevention. Growth factors play critical roles in tumor angiogenesis. A conditioned medium containing growth factors from human gastric adenocarcinoma SGC-7901 cell conditioned medium was used as an angiogenic stimulus in this study. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory effect and possible mechanism of γ-tocotrienol on tumor angiogenesis. The results showed that γ-tocotrienol (10–40 μmol/L) significantly suppressed proliferation, migration and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) induced by SGC-7901 cell conditioned medium in a dose-dependent manner. γ-Tocotrienol (800–1200 μg/egg) also inhibited new blood vessel formation on the ... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5417175 Thu, 03 Feb 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5417175 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5417174&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS095528631000238X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In this study, we investigated the effect of the γ-tocotrienol (γT3) inclusion complex with CD on its oral bioavailability. Five-week-old C57BL6 mice were fed a vitamin E-free diet for 28 days, followed by the oral administration of 2.79 mg of γT3-rich fraction (TRF) extracted from rice bran or the equivalent dose (14.5 mg) of a CD inclusion complex with TRF (TRF/CD). The levels of γT3 in sequentially collected plasma were determined by LC-MS/MS. The pharmacokinetic study revealed that the plasma concentrations of γT3 were increased and peaked at 6 or 3 h after the oral administration of TRF or TRF/CD, respectively (Cmax values of 7.9±3.3 or 11.4±4.5 μM, respectively). The area under the curve of plasma γT3 concentration also showed a 1.4-fold increase in the group administered wi... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5417174 Thu, 03 Feb 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5417174 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5417173&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310002378%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study examined whether pregnancy-related marginal vitamin A deficiency (MVAD) influences postnatal development of retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunit 1 (NR1) in hippocampus of rat pups. Sixteen female rats were randomized equally into control and MVAD groups. Dams and pups were fed with either a normal control diet or one deficient in vitamin A. Eight female pups in each group were killed at 1 day, 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 8 weeks after birth, respectively. Serum retinol levels were monitored. The messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expressions and subcellular localization of RARα, RARβ and NR1 in postnatal hippocampus were detected. At 1 day, 2 weeks and 8 weeks after birth, serum retinol levels in the MVAD group were significantly lower than t... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5417173 Thu, 03 Feb 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5417173 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5321246&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310002329%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In this study, we investigated the effects of EGCG in inhibiting HGF-induced tumor growth and invasion of oral cancer in vitro and in vivo. We examined the effects of EGCG on HGF-induced cell proliferation, migration, invasion, induction of apoptosis and modulation of HGF/c-Met signaling pathway in the KB oral cancer cell line. We investigated the antitumor effect and inhibition of c-Met expression by EGCG in a syngeneic mouse model (C3H/HeJ mice, SCC VII/SF cell line). HGF promoted cell proliferation, migration, invasion and induction of MMP (matrix metalloproteinase)-2 and MMP-9 in KB cells. EGCG significantly inhibited HGF-induced phosphorylation of Met and cell growth, invasion and expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9. EGCG blocked HGF-induced phosphorylation of c-Met and that of the downstre... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5321246 Thu, 03 Feb 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5321246 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5321244&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310002305%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In this study, we investigated the effect of diosgenin on the osteogenesis of murine MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells. Cells were cultured with varying levels of diosgenin (0–10 μM) within 25 days of bone formation period. Diosgenin was found to stimulate proliferation within the range of 0.01–5 μM using MTT assay. The medium and cellular levels of Type 1 collagen and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), both of which are major bone matrix proteins, increased within the low range of diosgenin concentration (>0–3 μM), and this pattern was further confirmed by collagen and ALP staining of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The cellular protein expression of ALP and collagen Type 1 was also increased at 0.1–1 μM diosgenin treatment as analyzed by Western blot. Calcium deposition within the ECM als... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5321244 Thu, 03 Feb 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5321244 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5116902&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS095528631000241X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Dietary intervention strategies have proven to be an effective means of decreasing several risk factors associated with the development of atherosclerosis. Endothelial cell dysfunction influences vascular inflammation and is involved in promoting the earliest stages of lesion formation. Caveolae are lipid raft microdomains abundant within the plasma membrane of endothelial cells and are responsible for modulating receptor-mediated signal transduction, thus influencing endothelial activation. Caveolae have been implicated in the regulation of enzymes associated with several key signaling pathways capable of determining intracellular redox status. Diet and plasma-derived nutrients may modulate an inflammatory outcome by interacting with and altering caveolae-associated cellular sig... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5116902 Thu, 03 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 5116902 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5035326&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310002408%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently the most common liver disease worldwide, both in adults and in children. NAFLD is characterized by aberrant lipid storage in hepatocytes (hepatic steatosis) and inflammatory progression to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Evidences so far suggest that intrahepatic lipid accumulation does not always derive from obesity. Gut microbiota has been considered as a regulator of energy homeostasis and ectopic fat deposition, suggesting its implications in metabolic diseases. Probiotics are live microbial that alter the enteric microflora and have beneficial effects on human health. Although the molecular mechanisms of probiotics have not been completely elucidated yet, many of their effects have proved to be beneficial in NAFLD, includin... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5035326 Thu, 03 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 5035326 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4931922&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310002354%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The mammary gland is composed of two major cellular compartments: a highly dynamic epithelium that undergoes cycles of proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis in response to local and endocrine signals and the underlying stroma comprised of fibroblasts, endothelial cells and adipocytes, which collectively form the mammary fat pad. Breast cancer originates from subversions of normal growth regulatory pathways in mammary epithelial cells due to genetic mutations and epigenetic modifications in tumor suppressors, oncogenes and DNA repair genes. Diet is considered a highly modifiable determinant of breast cancer risk; thus, considerable efforts are focused on understanding how certain dietary factors may promote resistance of mammary epithelial cells to growth dysregulation. The... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4931922 Thu, 03 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4931922 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5321245&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310002317%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Bioactive components from bitter melon (BM) have been reported to improve glucose metabolism in vivo, but definitive studies on efficacy and mechanism of action are lacking. We sought to investigate the effects of BM bioactives on body weight, muscle lipid content and insulin signaling in mice fed a high-fat diet and on insulin signaling in L6 myotubes. Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into low-fat diet control (LFD), high-fat diet (HFD) and HFD plus BM (BM) groups. Body weight, body composition, plasma glucose, leptin, insulin and muscle lipid profile were determined over 12 weeks. Insulin signaling was determined in the mouse muscle taken at end of study and in L6 myotubes exposed to the extract. Body weight, plasma glucose, insulin, leptin levels and HOMA-IR values wer... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5321245 Mon, 31 Jan 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5321245 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5321248&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310002366%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Strong evidence indicates that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in the initiation as well as the promotion phase of carcinogenesis. Studies support the role of ROS in cancer, in part, by showing that dietary antioxidants act as cancer-preventive agents. Although results are promising, the research on this topic is still controversial. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate whether vitamins C, E and pequi oil can, individually, provide prevention and/or be used afterward as an adjuvant in cancer therapy. Ehrlich solid tumor-bearing mice received antioxidant as follows: before tumor inoculation, before and after tumor inoculation (continuous administration), and after tumor inoculation; morphometric analyses of tumor, genotoxicity and hematology were the... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5321248 Thu, 27 Jan 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5321248 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4370202&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310002755%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4370202 Wed, 19 Jan 2011 22:30:56 +0100 4370202 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5417172&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310002330%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Enteral administration of lipid-enriched nutrition effectively attenuates inflammation via a cholecystokinin (CCK)-mediated vagovagal anti-inflammatory reflex. Cholecystokinin release and subsequent activation of the vagus are dependent on chylomicron formation and associated with release of additional gut peptides. The current study investigates the intestinal processes underlying activation of the CCK-mediated vagal anti-inflammatory pathway by lipid-enriched nutrition. Rats and mice were subjected to hemorrhagic shock (HS) or endotoxemia, respectively. Prior to the experimental procedures, animals were fasted or fed lipid-enriched nutrition. Pluronic L-81 (L-81) was added to the feeding to investigate involvement of chylomicron formation in activation of mesenteric afferent fi... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5417172 Tue, 18 Jan 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5417172 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5321247&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310002342%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Copper, iron and iodine/thyroid hormone (TH) deficiencies disrupt brain development. Neonatal Cu deficiency causes Fe deficiency and may impact thyroidal status. One purpose of these studies was to determine the impact of improved iron status following Cu deficiency by supplementing the diet with iron. Cu deficiency was produced in pregnant Holtzman [Experiment 1 (Exp. 1)] or Sprague-Dawley [Experiment 2 (Exp. 2)] rats using two different diets. In Exp. 2, dietary Fe content was increased from 35 to 75 mg/kg according to NRC guidelines for reproduction. Cu-deficient (CuD) Postnatal Day 24 (P24) rats from both experiments demonstrated lower hemoglobin, serum Fe and serum triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations. However, brain Fe was lower only in CuD P24 rats in Exp. 1. Hemoglobin an... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5321247 Tue, 18 Jan 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5321247 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5321243&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310002299%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA, 1% mixed isomers) on n-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) oxidation and biosynthesis were investigated in liver and brain tissues of neonatal piglets. Fatty acid β-oxidation was measured in tissue homogenates using [1-14C]linoleic acid (LA) and -arachidonic acid (ARA) substrates, while fatty acid desaturation and elongation were traced using [U-13C]LA and GC-MS. Dietary CLA had no effect on fatty acid β-oxidation, but significantly decreased n-6 LCPUFA biosynthesis by inhibition of LA elongation and desaturation. Differences were noted between our 13C tracer assessment of desaturation/elongation and simple precursor-product indices computed from fatty acid composition data, indicating that caution should be exercis... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5321243 Mon, 10 Jan 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5321243 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5321242&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310002287%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Anthocyanins are known to possess potent anticarcinogenic properties against several cancers thus demonstrating potential for cancer prevention. Black currant (Ribes nigrum L., Grossulariaceae) fruits have a high anthocyanin content. This “superfruit” is known to possess various pharmacological effects including alleviation of chronic oxidative stress and inflammation. In contrast to a large volume of literature on the health benefits of black currant, limited evidence on antitumor effects of black currant exists with virtually no data on the prevention of experimental carcinogenesis. In the current study, we have investigated the chemopreventive effects of an anthocyanin-rich black currant skin extract (BCSE) utilizing our well-characterized model of rat liver carcinogenesis... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5321242 Mon, 10 Jan 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5321242 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5321241&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310002160%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Excessive body weight is inversely associated with insulin sensitivity in children and adults. Chromium supplementation produces modest improvement in insulin sensitivity in adults. The aim of this study was to examine the beneficial effects of chromium supplementation on insulin sensitivity and body composition in overweight children simultaneously modifying lifestyle. Twenty-five overweight children aged 9–12 years were randomized to receive either 400 μg of chromium chloride or placebo in double-blind fashion, during a 6-week lifestyle modification regimen that included nutritional education and 3×90 min of aerobic physical activity weekly. Insulin sensitivity was demonstrated using homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance and quantitative insulin sensitivity check ... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5321241 Mon, 10 Jan 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5321241 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5257067&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310002019%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Hypercholesterolemia is one of the most important risk factors for atherosclerosis, and tomato lycopene has been suggested to have beneficial effects against such a disease, although the exact molecular mechanism is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that lycopene may exert its antiatherogenic role through changes in cholesterol metabolism. Incubation of THP-1 cells with lycopene (0.5–2 μM) dose-dependently reduced intracellular total cholesterol. Such an effect was associated with a decrease in reduction of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase expression and with an increase in ABCA1 and caveolin-1 (cav-1) expressions. In addition, lycopene enhanced RhoA levels in the cytosolic fraction, activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and liver ... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5257067 Wed, 05 Jan 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5257067 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5257061&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310001932%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In this study, we investigated the oxidative mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of resveratrol, a potent polyphenol antioxidant found in grapes, on structural and biochemical abnormalities in rats subjected to global cerebral ischemia. Experimental model of transient global cerebral ischemia was induced in Wistar rats by the four vessel occlusion method for 10 min and followed by different periods of reperfusion. Nissl and fluoro jade C stained indicated extensive neuronal death at 7 days after I/R. These findings were preceded by a rapid increase in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), lipid peroxidation, as well as by a decrease in Na+K+-ATPase activity and disrupted antioxidant defenses (enzymatic and non-enzymatic) in hippocampus and cortex... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5257061 Wed, 05 Jan 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5257061 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5321240&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS095528631000207X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Low dietary folate is associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer. In earlier work, we showed that folate deficiency induced intestinal tumors in BALB/c but not C57Bl/6 mice through increased dUTP incorporation into DNA with consequent DNA damage. To determine whether strain differences between one-carbon metabolism and DNA repair pathways could contribute to increased tumorigenesis in BALB/c mice, we measured amino acids and folate in the normal intestinal tissue of both strains fed a control diet or a folate-deficient diet. We also determined the expression of critical folate-metabolizing enzymes and several DNA repair enzymes. BALB/c mice had lower intestinal serine (major cellular one-carbon donor), methionine and total folate than C57Bl/6 mice under both dietary cond... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5321240 Thu, 30 Dec 2010 05:00:00 +0100 5321240 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4839446&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310001889%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The gastrointestinal inflammatory disorder, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), is among the most serious diseases for preterm neonates. Nutritional, microbiological and immunological dysfunctions all play a role in disease progression but the relationship among these determinants is not understood. The preterm gut is very sensitive to enteral feeding which may either promote gut adaptation and health, or induce gut dysfunction, bacterial overgrowth and inflammation. Uncontrolled inflammatory reactions may be initiated by maldigestion and impaired mucosal protection, leading to bacterial overgrowth and excessive nutrient fermentation. Tumor necrosis factor alpha, toll-like receptors and heat-shock proteins are identified among the immunological components of the early mucosal dysfun... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4839446 Thu, 30 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4839446 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5321239&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310002056%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Wogonin, one component in Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi extracts, has several beneficial properties for cancers and inflammatory diseases. However, the efficacy of wogonin in cholesterol metabolism of macrophages remains unknown. In macrophages, cholesterol uptake is controlled by scavenger receptors (SR-A and CD36) and cholesterol efflux by SR-BI, ATP-binding cassette transporter-A1 (ABCA1) and ABCG1. In the present study, we investigated the effect and underlying molecular mechanism of wogonin on the formation of macrophage foam cells by murine J774.A1 macrophages. Wogonin attenuated oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL)-induced cholesterol accumulation in macrophages. The binding of oxLDL to macrophages and protein expression of SR-A and CD36 were not affected by wogonin. ... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5321239 Wed, 29 Dec 2010 05:00:00 +0100 5321239 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5321238&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310002044%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Fetal programming is linked to adulthood metabolic and chronic diseases. We hypothesized that early fish oil (FO) intake would revert the programming responses in adult offspring. Pregnant mice were fed either standard chow (SC) or a low-protein diet (LP) throughout pregnancy/lactation. At weaning, the following groups were formed: SC and SC-FO, LP and LP-FO, which were fed SC or SC+FO, respectively. The LP offspring are predisposed to becoming fat, hypercholesterolemic and hyperglycemic. In addition, during adulthood, they become hypertensive with hepatic steatosis and have a high level of sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP-1). However, LP offspring that were fed an FO-enriched diet have decreased body mass (BM) gain and lower final BM. In addition, with this diet,... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5321238 Wed, 29 Dec 2010 05:00:00 +0100 5321238 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5321237&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310002032%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In this study, VAD mice were examined and abnormal motor behavior related to psychosis symptoms was found. With the use of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE), two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and mass spectrometric (MS) technologies, 44 and 23 altered protein spots were identified in the cortex and hippocampus, respectively, in VAD mice. By Western blot, the up-regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) and proteasome subunit beta type 2 (PSMB2) in the cortex and that of dihydropyrimidinase-related protein 2 (DPYSL2) and PSMB2 in the hippocampus were observed in VAD mice. Bioinformatic analysis using DAVID revealed that altered proteins induced by VAD showed significant enrichment of (i) glycolysis, cytoskeleton, mitochondrion and ... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5321237 Wed, 29 Dec 2010 05:00:00 +0100 5321237 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5257069&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310002068%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, programming of mitochondrial dysfunction is a consequence of maternal malnutrition, which may predispose to glucose intolerance in the adult offspring. (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5257069 Wed, 29 Dec 2010 05:00:00 +0100 5257069 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5257068&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310002020%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The objective of our study was to investigate whether high-fat diets (HFD) with adequate methionine and choline levels can induce pathophysiological features typical of human NASH in C57BL/6J mice.Methods: Forty C57BL/6J mice, divided into control and high-fat (HF) groups, were fed low-fat diet and HFD, ad libitum respectively for 20 weeks. At the end of 20 weeks, animals were sacrificed and assays were performed for blood biomarkers typical of human NASH. Adipose tissue depots were collected and liver samples were processed for histological examination.Results: High-fat feeding led to increased triglyceride accumulation in the liver (8.9 μmol/100 mg liver tissue vs. 2.6 μmol/100 mg for control) and induced histopathological features of human NASH including hepatic steatosis, ballooning ... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5257068 Wed, 29 Dec 2010 05:00:00 +0100 5257068 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5257066&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310001993%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of black soybean extract (BB) on platelet activation, a key contributor to thrombotic diseases. In freshly isolated human platelets, BB has shown potent inhibitory activity on collagen-induced platelet aggregation, while yellow soybean extract had marginal activity only. BB also attenuated serotonin secretion and P-selectin expression, which are important factors for the platelet–tissue interaction along with thromboxane A2 formation. These in vitro results were further confirmed in an ex vivo platelet aggregation measurement and in vivo venous thrombosis model where oral administration of BB reduced collagen-induced platelet aggregation and FeCl3-induced thrombus formation significantly. A potential active ingredient for antiplatelet eff... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5257066 Wed, 29 Dec 2010 05:00:00 +0100 5257066 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5257064&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS095528631000197X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The essential micronutrient selenium (Se) exerts its biological effects mainly through enzymatically active selenoproteins. Their biosynthesis depends on the 21st proteinogenic amino acid selenocysteine and thus on dietary Se supply. Hepatically derived selenoprotein P (SEPP) is the central selenoprotein in blood controlling Se transport and distribution. Kidney-derived extracellular glutathione peroxidase is another relevant serum selenoprotein depending on SEPP for biosynthesis. Therefore, secretion of SEPP by hepatocytes is crucial to convert nutritional sources into serum Se, supporting Se status and selenoprotein biosynthesis in other tissues.In order to compare the bioactivity of 10 different selenocompounds, their dose-dependent toxicities and nutritional qualities to supp... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5257064 Wed, 29 Dec 2010 05:00:00 +0100 5257064 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5257063&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310001968%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: S-Allylcysteine (SAC), the most abundant organosulfur compound in aged garlic extract, has multifunctional activity via different mechanisms and neuroprotective effects that are exerted probably via its antioxidant or free radical scavenger action. The 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-treated mouse has been the most widely used model for assessing neuroprotective agents for Parkinson's disease. 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) is the stable metabolite of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, and it causes nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurotoxicity. Previous studies suggest that oxidative stress, via free radical production, is involved in MPP+-induced neurotoxicity. Here, we report on the neuroprotective effect of SAC against oxidative stress induced by MPP+ i... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5257063 Wed, 29 Dec 2010 05:00:00 +0100 5257063 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5257062&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310001956%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Oxidative stress-induced neuronal cell death has been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases; one such disease is ischemic stroke. Using reactive oxygen species (ROS)-insulted primary neurons, we screened neuroprotectants with clinical potential and then, using ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) model, investigated the anti-ischemic potential of candidate neuroprotectants. Here, we showed that luteolin, isolated from the ripe fruit of Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt, exhibited a neuroprotective action upon the in vitro platform, thus serving as candidate for in vivo pharmacological evaluation. Liposome-encapsulated luteolin produced dramatic preventing effects on I/R-induced behavioral and histological injuries after a 13-day post-ischemic treatment. Furthermore, this phytochemical not o... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5257062 Wed, 29 Dec 2010 05:00:00 +0100 5257062 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5257060&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310001920%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Adipocyte differentiation is a key process in determining the number of mature adipocytes in the development of obesity. Here, we examined the function of curcumin, a dietary polyphenol found in turmeric, and its underlying mechanisms in adipocyte differentiation. Our study reveals that curcumin exerts an anti-adipogenic function both in 3T3-L1 murine cells and in human primary preadipocytes as determined by intracellular lipid accumulation assay, quantitative analysis of adipocyte marker gene expression and a noninvasive multimodal Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) microscopic analysis of intracellular curcumin. The inhibitory action of curcumin was largely limited to the early stage of adipocyte differentiation, where curcumin was found to inhibit mitotic clonal expa... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5257060 Wed, 29 Dec 2010 05:00:00 +0100 5257060 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5257059&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310001919%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In this study, we investigated effects of resveratrol on inflammatory gene expression in interferon (IFN)-γ alone-stimulated macrophages and proposed a molecular basis underlying the action. Resveratrol inhibited IFN-γ-induced production of nitric oxide (NO), IFN-γ-inducible protein-10 (IP-10), or the monokine induced by IFN-γ (MIG) in RAW 264.7 macrophages and also that of NO in primary macrophages derived from bone marrows of C3H/HeJ (toll-like receptor-4−/−) mice. Moreover, resveratrol diminished IFN-γ-induced protein levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), attenuated mRNA levels of iNOS, IP-10 or MIG as well as inhibited IFN-γ-induced promoter activity of iNOS gene, indicating that the phytoalexin could down-regulate inflammatory genes at the transcription level. To understan... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5257059 Wed, 29 Dec 2010 05:00:00 +0100 5257059 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5116912&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310002007%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Gentamicin is an effective and powerful antibiotic. Extended use or excessive dosages of which can result in irreversible damage to the inner ear. The development of otoprotective strategies is a primary and urgent goal in research of gentamicin ototoxicity. Ginkgo biloba leaves and their extracts are among the most widely used herbal products and/or dietary supplements in the world. We investigated the protection of EGb 761 (a standardized preparation of EGb) on gentamicin ototoxicity and the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO)-related mechanisms using in vitro organ cultures and an in vivo animal model. Gentamicin induced hair cell damage in cochlear cultures that could be prevented by EGb 761. EGb 761 also significantly reduced gentamicin-induced... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5116912 Wed, 29 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 5116912 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5116911&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310001944%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The dramatic increase in the incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancer over the last decades has been related to the augmented exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation (UVR). It is known that apoptosis is induced as a protective mechanism after the acute irradiation of keratinocytes, whereas apoptotic resistance and carcinogenesis may follow the chronic exposure to UVR. We found that not all the human keratinocytes lines studied underwent apoptosis following acute exposure to UVR (10–60 mJ/cm2). Whereas UVR induced apoptosis in the HaCaT cells, NCTC 2544 and nr-HaCaT cells showed apoptosis resistance. The cytokeratin pattern of the apoptosis-resistant cells indicated that they possessed a degree of differentiation lower than that of HaCaT cells. They also showed an enhanced expression... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5116911 Mon, 27 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 5116911 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5116909&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310001890%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Hyperhomocysteinemia leads to several clinical manifestations and, particularly, liver disease. Lowering homocysteine through nutrition or other means might offer preventive or therapeutic benefits. Polyphenols are natural compounds known for their antioxidant and healing properties for vessels. In a previous study we have shown a beneficial effect of a red wine polyphenolic extract (PE) administration on plasma homocysteine level in cystathionine beta synthase deficient mice, a murine model of hyperhomocysteinemia. These mice also develop hepatic fibrosis. As increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2 has been shown to be involved in the development of hepatic fibrosis, we then focused on the effect of PE administration on expression and activity of MMP-2 in liver of hyperhomocy... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5116909 Mon, 27 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 5116909 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5257065&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310001981%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: High-protein (HP) milk formulas are routinely used in infants born with a low birth weight (LBW) to enhance growth and ensure a better verbal IQ development. Indirect evidence points to a link between an HP intake during early life and the prevalence of obesity in later life. We hypothesized that HP milk supplementation to LBW pups during early postnatal life would impact hypothalamic appetite neuronal pathways development with consequences, at adulthood, on energy homeostasis regulation. Rat pups born with a LBW were equipped with gastrostomy tubes on the fifth day of life. They received a milk formula with either normal protein (NP, 8.7 g protein/dl) or high protein content (HP; 13.0 g protein/dl) and were subsequently weaned to a standard, solid diet at postnatal day 21. Rats ... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5257065 Fri, 17 Dec 2010 05:00:00 +0100 5257065 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5116908&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310001865%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are fermentation products of anaerobic bacteria. More than just being an important energy source for intestinal epithelial cells, these compounds are modulators of leukocyte function and potential targets for the development of new drugs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of SCFAs (acetate, propionate and butyrate) on production of nitric oxide (NO) and proinflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-2 (CINC-2αβ)] by rat neutrophils. The involvement of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) was examined. The effect of butyrate was also investigated in vivo after oral administration of tributyrin (a pro-drug of butyrate). Propionate and butyrate dimini... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5116908 Fri, 17 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 5116908 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5116907&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310001853%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study tested the hypothesis that genistein, daidzein and equol increase quinone reductase activity, protein and mRNA via ERβ and Nrf2 binding to the QR antioxidant response element (ARE). QR expression and activity were determined using TaqMan polymerase chain reaction, protein immunoblots and activity assays. Molecular events were investigated using luciferase reporter gene assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). Hepa-1c1c7 cells were treated with control [0.1% (v:v) dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)]; 1 μmol/L β-naphthoflavone (positive control); 5 μmol/L resveratrol (ChIP positive control for ERβ binding) and 1, 5 and 25 μmol/L genistein, daidzein or equol. Treatment durations were 1 h (ChIP), 24 h (mRNA and luciferase assays) and 24 and 48 h (protein and activity). Genistei... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5116907 Fri, 17 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 5116907 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4713885&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310001877%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The gastrointestinal tract provides a physical barrier to the diffusion of foreign materials from the lumen into the circulatory system. Impairment of the intercellular tight junction (TJ) shield, which is the major determinant of intestinal barrier function, is associated with various diseases. Dietary flavonoids demonstrate various beneficial effects on our health; however, the information regarding their effects on TJ function is quite limited. To date, four flavonoids — epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), genistein, myricetin and quercetin — have been reported to exhibit promotive and protective effects on intestinal TJ barrier functions. Genistein, a major soybean isoflavone, protects TJ barrier function against oxidative stress, acetaldehyde, enteric bacteria and inflammat... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4713885 Fri, 17 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4713885 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4257853&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310002512%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4257853 Tue, 14 Dec 2010 19:16:49 +0100 4257853 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4370203&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS095528631000166X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Fish oil improves several features of metabolic syndrome (MetS), such as dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis. Fish oil may mediate some of its beneficial effects by modulating the storage and/or secretory functions of adipose tissue (AT). The storage of triglycerides in AT is regulated by the availability of free fatty acids and the degree of lipolysis in AT. Fish oil has been shown to reduce lipolysis in several studies, indicating improved triglyceride storage. Importantly, AT secretes a variety of adipokines and fish oil feeding is associated with remarkable changes in the plasma levels of two key adipokines, adiponectin and leptin. Much attention has been focused on the contribution of adiponectin in fish oil-mediated improvements in MetS. However, emerging... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4370203 Fri, 10 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4370203 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5116906&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310001749%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study investigated brain fatty acid and desaturase activities in young insulin resistant Zucker rats on diets with and without DHA. Male fa/fa and lean rats were fed diets enriched with flaxseed (FXO, ALA: 35.5% fatty acids), menhaden (MO, DHA: 9.2%) or safflower oil (SO, linoleic acid: 54.1%) for 9 weeks, n=8 per diet per genotype. Compared to lean, the 15 week old fa/fa rats were obese (56% heavier) and insulin-resistant (>18-fold in homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance). The forebrain of fa/fa rats had higher palmitoleic (16:1n-7) and dihomo-γ-linolenic (20:3n-6) acids, and higher Δ9, Δ6 but lower Δ5 (all P≤.006) desaturase indices than lean. The Δ9 and Δ6 desaturase indices positively, while the Δ5 negatively (all P≤.01) correlated with insulin resistance.... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5116906 Fri, 03 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 5116906 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5116904&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310001713%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, E2 sustained the transcription of lipid metabolism genes and proportions of neo-formed DHA and n-6DPA differently in brain and liver. (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5116904 Fri, 03 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 5116904 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5035335&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310001671%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In this study we examined whether the immunomodulatory effects of n-3 PUFA on DC activation were mediated through activation of PPARγ. Treatment of murine bone marrow derived DCs with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 25 μM) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 25 μM) attenuated LPS-induced DC maturation. This was characterised by suppression of IL-12 production and expression of CD40, CD80, CD86 and MHC II and enhanced production of IL-10 and expression of IL-10R. This was coincident with enhanced PPARγ expression, suppressed NF-κB activity and increased the physical interaction and cellular colocalization between NF-κB with PPARγ. To understand the functional implication of the physical association of PPARγ with NF-κB, we determined whether the specific PPARγ inhibitor, GW9662 could abolis... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5035335 Mon, 29 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 5035335 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5035332&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310001622%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: To investigate the effect of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) without other highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) on n-3 and n-6 essential fatty acid (EFA) metabolism and fatty acid composition in mammals, a stable isotope tracer technique was used in adult rats fed diets with or without 1.3% of algal DHA in a base diet containing 15% of linoleic acid and 3% of alpha-linolenic acid over 8 weeks. The rats were administered orally a mixed oil containing 48 mg/kg body weight of deuterated linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids and euthanized at 4, 8, 24, 96, 168, 240, 360 and 600 h after administration of the isotopes. Fatty acid compositions and the concentrations of deuterated precursors and their respective metabolites were determined in rat liver, plasma, heart and brain as a function of ... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5035332 Mon, 29 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 5035332 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5116905&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310001737%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Resveratrol is a naturally occurring polyphenol known to affect energy metabolism and insulin sensitivity in mice and lipogenic gene expression in adipocytes. Here, we sought to get further insight into the impact of resveratrol on adipocyte biology by studying its effects on oxidative metabolism and the expression of the insulin resistance-related adipokines resistin and Retinol-Binding Protein 4 (RBP4) in mature adipocytes. Effects were assessed in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and in adipocytes derived from primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF). Besides reducing triacylglycerol content and the mRNA levels of lipogenic genes, resveratrol treatment resulted in both models in increased mRNA levels of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (a rate-limiting enzyme in mitochondrial fatty acid oxi... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5116905 Fri, 26 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 5116905 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5116903&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310001701%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The objective of this study was to investigate whether ABA's anti-inflammatory efficacy in the gut is dependent on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in T cells. PPARγ-expressing and T cell-specific PPARγ null mice were fed diets with or without ABA (100 mg/kg) for 35 days prior to challenge with 2.5% dextran sodium sulfate. The severity of clinical disease was assessed daily, and mice were euthanized on Day 7 of the dextran sodium sulfate challenge. Colonic inflammation was assessed through macroscopic and histopathological examination of inflammatory lesions and real-time quantitative RT-PCR-based quantification of inflammatory genes. Flow cytometry was used to phenotypically characterize leukocyte populations in the blood and mesenteric lymph nodes. Colonic section... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5116903 Fri, 26 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 5116903 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5035336&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310001725%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: We investigated the effects of dietary fatty acids of different chain lengths during pregnancy in the rat on the susceptibility of offspring to later-life obesity and the underlying mechanisms. Pregnant rats were fed three different diets: standard (STD), high medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA); and high long-chain fatty acids (LCFA). The male offspring were assigned to three groups: STD control, MCFA and LCFA according to the maternal diets and suckled by dams fed with STD during pregnancy and lactation. After weaning, the offspring were fed with STD from 3 to 8 weeks of age. At the age of 8 weeks, rats in three groups: high-fat diet (HFD) control, MCFA and LCFA were fed with HFD until 14 weeks of age in an attempt to induce obesity, and rats in the HFD control group were selected ... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5035336 Fri, 26 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 5035336 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5035334&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310001658%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, the presence of stigmasterol in modified lipoproteins promoted cholesterol efflux and suppressed inflammatory cytokine secretion in response to lipid loading in macrophage foam cells. While campesterol was largely inert, the presence of sitosterol increased the proinflammatory cytokine secretion. (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5035334 Fri, 26 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 5035334 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5035333&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310001646%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Severe malnutrition resulting from anorexia nervosa or involuntary starvation leads to low weight, cognitive deficits and increased mortality rates. In the present study, we examined whether fish oil supplementation, compared with that of canola oil, would ameliorate the morbidity and mortality associated with these conditions by normalizing endocannabinoid and monoaminergic systems as well as other systems involved in satiety and cognitive function within the hypothalamus and hippocampus. Female Sabra mice restricted to 40% of their daily food intake exhibited decreased body weight, were sickly in appearance, displayed cognitive deficits and had increased mortality rates. Strikingly, fish oil supplementation that contains high omega-3 fatty acids levels decreased mortality and m... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5035333 Fri, 26 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 5035333 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4590189&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310001695%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The essentiality and redox-activity of copper make it indispensable in the mammalian system. However, a comprehensive understanding of copper metabolism and function has not been achieved. Copper chelators have been used as an approach to provide insights into copper acquisition, distribution, and disposition at both the cellular and organism level. Unfortunately, the understanding of effective copper chelators is predominantly based upon their chemical structures and their reactions with copper. The understanding of the efficacy of copper chelators in the biological system has been equivocal, thereby leading to under- or misleading-utilization of these agents in clinical and experimental approaches. Current use of copper chelators in vivo almost exclusively either limits the ava... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4590189 Fri, 26 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4590189 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4166868&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310002238%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4166868 Mon, 15 Nov 2010 22:11:13 +0100 4166868 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5035329&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310001518%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Denbinobin (5-hydroxy-3,7-dimethoxy- 1,4-phenanthraquinone), a biologically active chemical isolated from Ephemerantha lonchophylla, has been demonstrated to display anti-cancer activity. Breast cancer is the leading cause of female mortality, and the high mortality is mainly attributable to metastasis. Src kinase activity is elevated in many human cancers, including breast cancer, and is often associated with aggressive disease. In the present study, we examined the anti-metastatic effects of denbinobin through decreasing Src kinase activity in human and mouse breast cancer cells. Denbinobin caused significant block of Src kinase activity in both human and mouse breast cancer cells. Moreover, phosphorylation of the signaling molecules focal adhesion kinase, Crk-associated substr... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5035329 Wed, 10 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 5035329 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5035328&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310001506%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Combination of dietary phytoestrogens with diverse molecular mechanisms may enhance their anticancer efficacy at physiological concentrations, as evidenced in epidemiological studies. A select combination of three dietary phytoestrogens containing 8.33 μM each of genistein (G), quercetin (Q) and biochanin A (B) was found to be more potent in inhibiting the growth of androgen-responsive prostate cancer cells (LNCaP) as well as DU-145 and PC-3 prostate cancer cells in vitro than either 25 μM of G, B or Q or 12.5+12.5 μM of G+Q, Q+B or G+B. Subsequent mechanistic studies in PC-3 cells indicated that the action of phytoestrogens was mediated both through estrogen receptor (ER)-dependent and ER-independent pathways as potent estrogen antagonist ICI-182780 (ICI, 5 μM) could not com... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5035328 Wed, 10 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 5035328 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5116910&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310001907%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Soy isoflavones have been implicated to exert benefit on bone loss in postmenopausal women. Isoflavones can induce estrogen response element-mediated transcription in osteoblastic cells. In the present study, we investigate whether isoflavones genistein and daidzein regulate target gene transcription through cAMP regulatory element (CRE) in osteoblastic cells. It was found that 17β-estradiol (E2), genistein and daidzein suppressed the transcriptional activity of CRE-luciferase reporter gene in human osteoblastic cell line MG-63 cells. E2 and genistein but not daidzein inhibited the cAMP analogue 8-Br cAMP-induced transcription of CRE reporter gene. Both genistein and E2 inhibited basal and cAMP-induced mRNA levels of endogenous estrogen responsive genes containing CRE/CRE-like e... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5116910 Tue, 09 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 5116910 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5035331&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310001610%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of common vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms on the bone mineral density (BMD) of Greek postmenopausal women. Healthy postmenopausal women (n=578) were recruited for the study. The BMD of the lumbar spine and hip was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry with the Lunar DPX-MD device. Assessment of dietary calcium intake was performed with multiple 24-h recalls. Genotyping was performed for the BsmI, TaqI and Cdx-2 polymorphisms of the VDR gene. The selected polymorphisms were not associated with BMD, osteoporosis or osteoporotic fractures. Stratification by calcium intake revealed that in the low calcium intake group ( (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5035331 Tue, 09 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 5035331 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5035330&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS095528631000152X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Women, but not men, show an association between fructose consumption and an increased risk of Type 2 diabetes mellitus. As rats are considered a model for human fructose metabolism, we sought to determine whether such a gender-related difference is present in Sprague-Dawley rats and to analyze the molecular mechanism behind. Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats had free access to water or to a 10% w/v fructose solution for 14 days. Plasma analytes, liver triglycerides and enzyme activities and the expression of enzymes and transcription factors related to fatty acid metabolism, insulin signaling and glucose tolerance were determined. Fructose-fed rats had hypertriglyceridemia, steatosis and reduced fatty acid oxidation activity, although the metabolic pattern of fructose-fed femal... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5035330 Tue, 09 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 5035330 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5035327&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310001488%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, ITF, which promote gut fermentation, paradoxically counteract GPR43 overexpression induced in the adipose tissue by an HF diet, a phenomenon that correlates with a beneficial effect on adiposity and with potential decrease in PPARγ-activated processes. (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5035327 Tue, 09 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 5035327 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4931932&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS095528631000149X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Pancreatic triglyceride lipase (PTL) and its cofactor, colipase, are required for efficient dietary triglyceride digestion. In addition to PTL, pancreatic acinar cells synthesize two pancreatic lipase-related proteins (PLRP1 and PLRP2), which have a high degree of sequence and structural homology with PTL. The lipase activity of PLRP2 has been confirmed, whereas no known triglyceride lipase activity has been detected with PLRP1 up to now. To explore the biological functions of PLRP1 in vivo, we generated Plrp1 knockout (KO) mice in our laboratory. Here we show that the Plrp1 KO mice displayed mature-onset obesity with increased fat mass, impaired glucose clearance and the resultant insulin resistance. When fed on high-fat (HF) diet, the Plrp1 KO mice exhibited an increased weight... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4931932 Tue, 09 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4931932 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4257854&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310001609%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article reviews the evidence for each of these purported mechanisms, with particular reference to studies in humans. (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4257854 Tue, 09 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4257854 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4931931&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310001476%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In this study, we present evidence that furthers our understanding of the mechanisms of action of LA. Using various LA derivatives, such as dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA), S,S-dimethyl lipoic acid (DMLA) and lipoamide (LPM), we discovered that only LA is capable of stimulating cAMP production in NK cells. Furthermore, there is no difference in cAMP production after stimulation with either R-LA, S-LA or racemic LA. Competition and synergistic studies indicate that LA may also activate AC independent of the EP2 and EP4 receptors. Pretreatment of PBMCs with KH7 (a specific peptide inhibitor of soluble AC) and the calcium inhibitor (Bapta) prior to LA treatment resulted in reduced cAMP levels, suggesting that soluble AC and calcium signaling mediate LA stimulation of cAMP production. In addition, p... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4931931 Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4931931 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4931930&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310001464%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study investigated the effects of green tea polyphenols (GTP) and alfacalcidol on bone microstructure and strength along with possible mechanisms in rats with chronic inflammation. A 12-week study using a 2 (no GTP vs. 0.5%, w/v GTP in drinking water)×2 (no alfacalcidol vs. 0.05 μg/kg alfacalcidol orally, 5×/week) factorial design was employed in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-administered female rats. A group receiving placebo administration was used to compare with a group receiving LPS administration only to evaluate the effect of LPS. Changes in tibial and femoral microarchitecture and strength of femur were evaluated. Difference in expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in proximal tibia using immunohistochemistry was examined. Compared to the placebo group, the LPS-adminis... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4931930 Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4931930 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4931929&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310001427%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: A diet rich in omega-3s has previously been suggested to prevent bone loss. However, evidence for this has been limited by short exposure to omega-3 fatty acids (FAs). We investigated whether a diet enriched in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) for the entire adult life of mice could improve bone microstructure and strength. Thirty female mice received a diet enriched in DHA or EPA or an isocaloric control diet from 3 to 17 months of age. Changes in bone microstructure were analyzed longitudinally and biomechanical properties were analysed by a three-point bending test. Bone remodelling was evaluated by markers of bone turnover and histomorphometry. Trabecular bone volume in caudal vertebrae was improved by EPA or DHA at 8 months (+26.6% and +17.2%, respec... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4931929 Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4931929 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4931927&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310001403%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Dietary trans fats (TFs) have been causally linked to atherosclerosis, but the mechanism by which they cause the disease remains elusive. Suppressed transforming growth factor (TGF)-β responsiveness in aortic endothelium has been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in animals with hypercholesterolemia. We investigated the effects of a high TF diet on TGF-β responsiveness in aortic endothelium and integration of cholesterol in tissues. Here, we show that normal mice fed a high TF diet for 24 weeks exhibit atherosclerotic lesions and suppressed TGF-β responsiveness in aortic endothelium. The suppressed TGF-β responsiveness is evidenced by markedly reduced expression of TGF-β type I and II receptors and profoundly decreased levels of phosphory... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4931927 Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4931927 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4931923&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310002081%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Microglial activation plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disease by producing excessive proinflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide (NO). Luteolin, a naturally occurring polyphenolic flavonoid antioxidant, has potent anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties both in vitro and in vivo. However, the molecular mechanism of luteolin-mediated immune modulation in microglia is not fully understood. In the present study, we report the inhibitory effect of luteolin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/interferon γ (IFN-γ)-induced NO and proinflammatory cytokine production in rat primary microglia and BV-2 microglial cells. Luteolin concentration-dependently abolished LPS/IFN-γ-induced NO, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) production... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4931923 Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4931923 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4095766&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310002111%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4095766 Sun, 24 Oct 2010 11:03:10 +0100 4095766 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4370212&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS095528631000046X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) plays a critical role in regulation of adipocyte differentiation and insulin sensitivity. To become functional, PPARγ must be activated by binding an appropriate ligand. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are potential ligands for PPARγ. The current experiment was designed to determine the potential for PUFA, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, to activate the function of porcine PPARγ in vivo. Transgenic mice, expressing porcine PPARγ in skeletal muscle were generated and fed with a high-saturated fat (beef tallow) or high-unsaturated fat (fish oil) diet for 4 months. When transgenic mice were fed a fish oil supplemented diet, the expression of adipogenic and glucose uptake genes was increased, l... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4370212 Fri, 22 Oct 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4370212 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4839456&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310001397%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, our results suggest that exogenous NSs affect the expression and activity of several TFs involved in cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, immune response and inflammation. (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4839456 Thu, 21 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4839456 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4839454&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310001361%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: We aimed to assess the lasting effects of moderate caloric restriction in lactating rats on the expression of key genes involved in energy balance of their adult offspring (CR) and their adaptations under high-fat (HF) diet. Dams were fed with either ad libitum normal-fat (NF) diet or a 30% caloric restricted diet throughout lactation. After weaning, the offspring were fed with NF diet until the age of 15 weeks and then with an NF or a HF diet until the age of 28 weeks, when they were sacrificed. Body weight and food intake were followed. Blood parameters and the expression of selected genes in hypothalamus and white adipose tissue (WAT) were analysed. CR ate fewer calories and showed lower body weight gain under HF diet than their controls. CR males were also resistant to the in... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4839454 Thu, 21 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4839454 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4931928&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310001415%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study further investigated the role of AMPK and inflammation by testing the following hypotheses: (1) a moderate activation of AMPK and an inflammatory response are sufficient to reduce triglycerides, and (2) strong activation of AMPK is also sufficient. Experiments were performed by adding compounds that affect these pathways and by measuring their effects in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. A comparison of four AMPK activators (metformin, phenformin, TNF-α and t10c12 CLA) found a correlation between AMPK activity and triglyceride reduction. This correlation appeared to be modulated by the level of cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2 mRNA produced. Inhibitors of the prostaglandin (PG) biosynthetic pathway interfered with t10c12 CLA's ability to reduce triglycerides. A combination of metformin and PGH2, or ph... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4931928 Wed, 20 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4931928 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4931926&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310001282%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Obesity is associated with a low-grade inflammation which is correlated with an increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by adipose tissue, suspected to contribute to the development of insulin resistance. Because lycopene is mostly stored in adipose tissue and possesses anti-inflammatory properties, we hypothesize that lycopene could reduce the production of proinflammatory markers in adipose tissue. In agreement with this hypothesis, we observed a decrease of inflammatory markers such as IL-6, MCP-1 and IL-1β at both the mRNA and protein level when explants of epididymal adipose tissue from mice fed with a high-fat diet were incubated with lycopene ex vivo. The same effect was reproduced with explants of adipose tissue preincubated in lycopene and then ... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4931926 Wed, 20 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4931926 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4931925&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310001270%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Background: Obesity is widely recognised as an important risk factor for colorectal cancer (CC).Aim: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of CC on circulating concentrations and gene expression levels of inflammatory and angiogenesis-related factors in human visceral adipose tissue (VAT).Methods: VAT biopsies were obtained from 18 healthy individuals and 11 patients with CC. Real-time polymerase chain reactions were performed to quantify gene expression levels and zymographic analyses were used to determine the activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs).Results: Patients with CC exhibited increased mRNA expression levels of lipocalin-2 (P=.014), osteopontin (P=.027), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (P=.016) and chitinase-3 like-1 (P=.006) compared to control subjects in VAT... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4931925 Wed, 20 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4931925 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4370214&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310001373%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, EPA lowered mRNA levels for proteins of the EC system and mRNA for AEA synthesis/degradation is reported in osteoblasts. (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4370214 Mon, 18 Oct 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4370214 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4839455&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310001385%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In this study, the effects of phenolic acids [caffeic acid (CA), ferulic acid, m-coumaric acid, and chlorogenic acid] on methylglyoxal (MG)-induced protein glycation were investigated in vitro. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and advanced glycation end products (AGEs)-specific fluorescence showed that MG-mediated protein modification was enhanced dose-dependently by CA (P (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4839455 Sun, 17 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4839455 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4931924&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310001269%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study aims at investigating the roles of denbinobin in suppressing these effects and at further elucidating the underlying molecular mechanisms. In the present study, we used an in vivo xenograft model antitumor and the Matrigel implant assays to show that denbinobin suppresses lung adenocarcinoma A549 growth and microvessel formation. Additionally, crystal violet and capillary-like tube formation assays indicated that denbinobin selectively inhibits insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)–induced proliferation (GI50=1.3×10−8 M) and tube formation of human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) without influencing the effect of epidermal growth factor; vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor. Furthermore, denbinobin inhibited the IGF-1-induced mi... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4931924 Thu, 14 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4931924 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4839452&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310001245%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of caloric restriction (CR) in mouse small intestine on the production and secretion of immunoglobulin (Ig) A, the population of lymphocytes in the lamina propria, and the expression of cytokines that mediate and regulate innate and adaptive immunity. One group of young Balb/c mice was fed ad libitum, while the CR group was fed ad libitum and fasted on alternate days. When mice were six months old, IgA levels in the proximal small intestine were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, while the number of IgA containing cells, CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells in the duodenal mucosa was determined by immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, the expression of several intestinal cytokines, the genes for α-chain IgA, and the polymeric... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4839452 Thu, 14 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4839452 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4166869&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310001233%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The role of diet in health and diseases related to muscle and bone has been an area of active study. Recently, endocannabinoids (EC), endogenous derivatives of arachidonic acid, an omega-6 (n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), have been discovered to play regulatory roles in bone mass and muscle energy metabolism. This signaling system consists of the G-protein coupled cannabinoid receptors, CB1 and CB2, expressed in central and peripheral tissues and cells, which are variably activated by the production and on demand release of endogenous and synthetic agonists and antagonists. We propose that the balance between omega-6 and omega-3 (n-3) PUFA is an important modifier for the activation and suppression of endocannabinoid receptors and therefore, downstream signaling actions i... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4166869 Mon, 11 Oct 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4166869 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4839453&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310001257%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study examined the effect of maternal low-protein diet on the regulation of the p16 cell-cycle gene expression in the mammary gland of offspring rats. Timed-pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were fed during gestation one of two isocaloric diets, control (18% casein) or low protein (LP, 9% casein). The expression of p16 mRNA in the mammary gland of the LP offspring was decreased by 75% vs. control. We also detected decreased p16 protein content in the mammary glands of pups gestated under the LP diet. Analysis of transcriptional and epigenetic regulation in offspring rats with maternal LP diet revealed the regulatory mechanisms underlying decreased p16 expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay demonstrated that the altered p16 mRNA level and transcription rate in LP offspring r... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4839453 Sun, 10 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4839453 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3975919&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310001774%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3975919 Fri, 17 Sep 2010 08:33:40 +0100 3975919 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4839451&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310001154%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, the lower insulin secretion in islets from CR rats was, at least in part, due to an imbalance between the expression of SIRT1 and SIRT4. (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4839451 Tue, 31 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4839451 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4839450&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310001142%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, saturated fatty acid-rich oil induced fatty liver in mice, and this was triggered initially by an increase in PPARγ2 protein in the liver, which led to increased expression of lipogenic genes. Inactivation of PPARγ2 may improve fatty liver induced by HF saturated fat. (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4839450 Tue, 31 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4839450 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4839449&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310001130%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The genetic deletion of the senescence marker protein 30 (SMP30) gene results in ascorbate deficiency and the premature aging processes in mice. Apparent liver injury of SMP30−/− mice was less severe than those of wild type (WT) mice, upon chronic CCl4 injection. The purpose of this study was to investigate the pathophysiology underlying the mild CCl4 toxicity in SMP30−/− mice. Along with the lower level of serum alanine aminotransferase, the livers of SMP30−/− mice revealed a lesser glycogen depletion, a decrease in c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-mediated inflammatory signaling in parallel with tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 beta, inducible nitric oxide synthase and glutathione peroxidase, and the lower lipid peroxidation as compared to those of WT mice... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4839449 Tue, 31 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4839449 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4839448&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310001129%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) is known to be involved in dysregulation of hepatic lipid metabolism and insulin signaling. However, whether TNFα also plays a casual role in the onset of fructose-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has not yet been determined. Therefore, wild-type and TNFα receptor 1 (TNFR1)−/− mice were fed with either 30% fructose solution or plain tap water. Hepatic triglycerides, markers of inflammation and ATP concentration as well as plasma ALT levels were determined. Hepatic PAI-1, SREBP-1, FAS mRNA expression was assessed by real-time RT-PCR. Furthermore, lipid peroxidation and indices of insulin resistance were determined in liver tissue and plasma. In comparison to water controls, chronic intake of 30% fructose solution caused a sign... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4839448 Tue, 31 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4839448 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4713897&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310001117%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study examined the effects of dietary soy and tea on NFκB activation and inflammation in vivo using a hormone-induced rat model for prostate cancer. Male Noble rats implanted with estradiol and testosterone were divided into 4 dietary groups: control, soy, tea, or soy+tea. NFκB activation and inflammatory cytokines were measured post implantation. The combination of soy and tea suppressed NFκB p50 binding activity and protein levels via induction of IκBα. Soy and tea also decreased prostate inflammatory infiltration, increased Bax/BcL2 ratio and decreased protein expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β compared to control. Soy and tea attenuated prostate malignancy by decreasing prostate hyperplasia. These effects were not apparent in groups treat... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4713897 Tue, 31 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4713897 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3895196&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286309001363%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Dietary soy isoflavones have been shown to favorably alter the metabolic phenotypes associated with Type 2 diabetes. However, the identification of direct targets and the underlying molecular mechanisms by which soy isoflaovones exert antidiabetic effects remain elusive. Since the insulin-sensitizing effects of thiazolidinediones, antidiabetic drugs, are mediated through activation of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), we examined the effects of daidzein and the daidzein metabolite, equol, on adipocyte differentiation and PPARγ activation. In 3T3-L1 cells, daidzein enhanced adipocyte differentiation and PPARγ expression in a dose-dependent manner. Daidzein also dose-dependently increased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and the relative abundance of in... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3895196 Tue, 24 Aug 2010 08:51:14 +0100 3895196 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3895188&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310001555%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3895188 Tue, 24 Aug 2010 08:51:13 +0100 3895188 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4590192&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310000690%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Covalent histone modifications play crucial roles in chromatin structure and genome stability. We previously reported biotinylation of lysine (K) residues in histones H2A, H3 and H4 by holocarboxylase synthetase and demonstrated that K12-biotinylated histone H4 (H4K12bio) is enriched in repeat regions and participates in gene repression. The biological functions of biotinylation marks other than H4K12bio are poorly understood. Here, novel biotinylation site-specific antibodies against H3K9bio, H3K18bio and H4K8bio were used in chromatin immunoprecipitation studies to obtain first insights into possible biological functions of these marks. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were conducted in human primary fibroblasts and Jurkat lymphoblastoma cells, and revealed that H3K9bio, H3... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4590192 Mon, 09 Aug 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4590192 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4590193&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310000707%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The expression of hexose transporter genes (SGLT1, GLUT5 and GLUT2) in mice with ad libitum feeding under light (7:00–19:00)–dark (19:00–7:00) cycle gradually increased from a basal level at 7:00 and reached a maximum at 19:00, coinciding with the start of dark phase feeding. The peaks of these gene expressions were shifted to 7:00 in mice that were subjected to a restricted feeding schedule from 9:00 to 17:00. The expression of BMAL1, a transcription factor driving the central feedback loop of the clock genes, was followed by the increase of hexose transporter gene expressions. The expressions of Per1-3, genes related to negative regulation of BMAL1, were the highest at or just after the time of maximal expression of the hexose transporter genes in both the group fed ad li... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4590193 Fri, 06 Aug 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4590193 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4713896&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310001038%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Previous studies have demonstrated that the intake of a 1% conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) diet in an 80:20 mixture of cis-9,trans-11 and trans-10,cis-12 exerts age-specific effects on the immune system: immunoglobulin enhancement and proliferative down-modulation in neonatal and adult rats, respectively. The present study evaluates the influence of the same diet on antibody synthesis of early infant Wistar rats during suckling and/or after weaning. Dietary supplementation was performed during suckling and early infancy (4 weeks), only during suckling (3 weeks), or only in early infancy (1 week). CLA content in plasma and serum immunoglobulin (Ig) G, IgM and IgA concentration were determined. Proliferation, cytokines and Ig production were evaluated on isolated splenocytes. Cis-9,... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4713896 Thu, 05 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4713896 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4713895&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310001014%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The association is still not clear between the common APOE polymorphism and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk, nor its modulation by diet. Thus, our aim was to study the association between the APOE genotypes and incident CHD and how dietary fat and alcohol consumption modify these effects. We performed a nested case-control study in the Spanish European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort. Healthy men and women (41 440, 30–69 years) were followed up over a 10-year period, with the incident CHD cases being identified. We analyzed 534 incident CHD cases and 1123 controls. APOE, dietary intake and plasma lipids were determined at baseline. The APOE polymorphism was significantly associated with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and gene–alcoh... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4713895 Thu, 05 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4713895 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4713894&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310001002%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Oxidative stress induced neuronal cell death by accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ) is a critical pathological mechanism of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Intracerebroventrical infusion of Aβ1-42 (300 pmol/day per mouse) for 14 days induced neuronal cell death and memory impairment, but pre-treatment of 4-O-methylhonokiol (4-O-MH), a novel compound extracted from Magnolia officinalis for 3 weeks (0.2, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg) prior to the infusion of Aβ1-42 and during the infusion dose dependently improved Aβ1-42-induced memory impairment and prevented neuronal cell death. Additionally, 4-O-MH reduced Aβ1-42 infusion-induced oxidative damages of protein and lipid but reduced glutathione levels in the cortex and hippocampus. Aβ1-42 infusion-induced activation of astrocytes and p38 mitogeni... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4713894 Thu, 05 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4713894 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4713893&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310000999%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Holocarboxylase synthetase (HCS) mediates the binding of biotin to lysine (K) residues in histones H2A, H3 and H4; HCS knockdown disturbs gene regulation and decreases stress resistance and lifespan in eukaryotes. We tested the hypothesis that HCS interacts physically with histone H3 for subsequent biotinylation. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments were conducted and provided evidence that HCS co-localizes with histone H3 in human cells; physical interactions between HCS and H3 were confirmed using limited proteolysis assays. Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) studies revealed that the N-terminal and C-terminal domains in HCS participate in H3 binding. Recombinant human HCS was produced and exhibited biological activity, as evidenced by biotinylation of its known substrate, recombinant p67. R... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4713893 Thu, 05 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4713893 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4839447&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310001026%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Aromatase converts androgens into estrogens and is thought to supply a local source of estrogen that facilitates the growth of hormone-responsive tumor cells. Inhibition of aromatase is therefore an important chemopreventive strategy. We investigated the effect of retinol and selected retinoids on the activity and expression of aromatase in two human carcinoma cell lines in vitro. Retinol (ROH) and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) significantly inhibited aromatase activity in a concentration-dependent manner in microsomes isolated from JEG-3 human placental carcinoma cells, whereas 9-cis and 13-cis retinoic acid had significant inhibitory activity only at the highest concentrations tested. Similar results were observed in an assay of cellular aromatase activity in MCF-7 human breas... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4839447 Wed, 04 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4839447 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4590201&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310000823%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Excess hepatic lipid accumulation and oxidative stress contribute to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Thus, we hypothesized that the hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities of green tea extract (GTE) would attenuate events leading to NAFLD. Obese mice (ob/ob; 5 weeks old, n=38) and their lean littermates (n=12) were fed 0%, 0.5% or 1% GTE for 6 weeks. Then, hepatic steatosis, oxidative stress and inflammatory markers were measured. Obese mice, compared to lean controls, had greater hepatic lipids and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT). GTE at 1% lowered (P (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4590201 Mon, 26 Jul 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4590201 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4590199&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310000793%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, orally ingested PE helps preventing imbalanced obesity cytokine pattern, but its corrective effects need to be further investigated. The dietary regular intake of food or drinks containing procyanidins might help prevent low-grade inflammatory-related diseases. (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4590199 Mon, 26 Jul 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4590199 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4590197&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS095528631000077X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Excess dietary long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) intake results in ectopic lipid accumulation and insulin resistance. Since medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) are preferentially oxidized over LCFA, we hypothesized that diets rich in MCFA result in a lower ectopic lipid accumulation and insulin resistance compared to diets rich in LCFA. Feeding mice high-fat (HF) (45% kcal fat) diets for 8 weeks rich in triacylglycerols composed of MCFA (HFMCT) or LCFA (HFLCT) revealed a lower body weight gain in the HFMCT-fed mice. Indirect calorimetry revealed higher fat oxidation on HFMCT compared to HFLCT (0.011.0±0.0007 vs. 0.0096±0.0015 kcal/g body weight per hour, P (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4590197 Mon, 26 Jul 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4590197 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4590196&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310000768%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: There is great interest in the role of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in promoting (n-6 class) or inhibiting (n-3 class) inflammation. Mammalian cells are devoid of desaturase that converts n-6 to n-3 PUFAs. Consequently, essential n-3 fatty acids must be supplied with the diet. We have studied the effect of endogenously produced n-3 PUFAs on colitis development in fat-1 transgenic mice carrying the Caenorhabditis elegans fat-1 gene encoding n-3 desaturase. Colonic cell lipid profile was measured by capillary gas chromatography in fat-1 and wild-type (WT) littermates fed standard diet supplemented with 10% (w/w) safflower oil rich (76%) in n-6 polyunsaturated linoleic acid (LA). Experimental colitis was induced by administrating 3% dextran sodium sulphate (DSS). Colitis was ... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4590196 Mon, 26 Jul 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4590196 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4590195&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310000756%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The objective of this study was to determine whether GBE could modulate immunity in human cells. The monocytic cell line THP-1 was used. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results showed that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces the expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MIP-1), tumor necrosis factor-α, stromal cell-derived factor-1, and MIP-1α, and this induction may be repressed by GBE treatment due to TLR4 blockade. The Griess reagent assay and western blot analysis showed that GBE-mediated inhibition of TLR4 expression was associated with the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and production of nitric oxide (NO). Actinomycin D chase experiments demonstrated that GBE decreased the TLR4 mRNA stability in cells. Confocal microscopy and real-time polymerase chain reaction s... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4590195 Mon, 26 Jul 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4590195 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4713892&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310000884%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The inverse relationship between fat in bone marrow and bone mass in the skeleton of aging subjects is well known. However, there is no precise therapy for the treatment of bone marrow adiposity. We investigated the ability of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and fish oil (FO), alone or in combination, to modulate bone loss using 12 months old C57Bl/6J mice fed 10% corn oil diet as control or supplemented with 0.5% CLA or 5% FO or 0.5% CLA+5% FO for 6 months. We found, CLA-fed mice exhibited reduced body weight, body fat mass (BFM) and enhanced hind leg lean mass (HLLM) and bone mineral density (BMD) in different regions measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA); however, associated with fatty liver and increased insulin resistance; whereas, FO fed mice exhibited enhanced ... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4713892 Sun, 25 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4713892 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4713890&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310000860%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The aim of the study was to evaluate the contribution of lactation to insulin sensitivity in women 12 to 18 month postpartum using an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Mean lactation index (LI), a scoring system that considers the establishment and maintenance of the lactation was used. Lactation index was calculated according to the number of months of breast-feeding per child with a maximum of 72 points. The mean LI was calculated by dividing the total number of points by the number of children. A cutoff point of 72 was considered for the LI. We investigated the inverse of the homeostasis model assessment (HOMASens) and the Cederholm index. Healthy women went through standardized interview and anthropometry. After a 10- to 12-h overnight fast, a 2-h OGTT was performed. Multip... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4713890 Sun, 25 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4713890 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4713888&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310000847%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, several coffee constituents, partly already present in the raw material as well as those generated during the roasting process, contribute to the Nrf2-translocating properties of consumer-relevant coffee. A fine tuning in the degradation/formation of activating and deactivating constituents of the Nrf2/ARE pathway during the roasting process appears to be critical for the chemopreventive properties of the final coffee product. (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4713888 Sun, 25 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4713888 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4713887&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310000835%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, vitamin D3 shows a potential therapeutic effect in normalizing diabetes-induced alterations in cholinergic, insulin and vitamin D receptor and maintains a normal glucose transport and utilisation in the cortex. In addition vitamin D3 modulated muscarinic M3 receptors activity in pancreas and plays a pivotal role in controlling insulin secretion. Hence our findings proved, vitamin D3 supplementation as a potential nutritional therapy in ameliorating diabetes mediated cortical dysfunctions and suggest an interaction between vitamin D3 and muscarinic M3 receptors in regulating insulin secretion from pancreas. (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4713887 Sun, 25 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4713887 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4713891&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310000872%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, curcumin supplementation by reducing vascular inflammation may prevent diabetic complications. (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4713891 Thu, 22 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4713891 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3757179&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310001312%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry) The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3757179 Fri, 16 Jul 2010 07:25:55 +0100 3757179 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4590198&cid=s_38519_60_f&fid=38519&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnutbio.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0955286310000781%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Prolonged fasting is characterized by lipid mobilization (Phase 2), followed by protein breakdown (Phase 3). Knowing that body lipids are not exhausted in Phase 3, we investigated whether changes in the metabolic status of prolonged fasted rats are associated with differences in the expression of epididymal adipose tissue proteins involved in lipid mobilization. The final body mass, body lipid content, locomotor activity and metabolite and hormone plasma levels differed between groups. Compared with fed rats, adiposity and epididymal fat mass decreased in Phase 2 (approximately two- to threefold) and Phase 3 (∼4.5–14-fold). Plasma nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) concentrations were increased in Phase 2 (approximately twofold) and decreased in Phase 3 (approximately twofold).... The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4590198 Mon, 12 Jul 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4590198