MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Theriogenology' source. Sun, 21 Mar 2010 16:44:44 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3372951&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X10001251%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Theriogenology) Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3372951 Wed, 17 Mar 2010 16:04:52 +0100 3372951 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3372949&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X10001238%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Theriogenology) Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3372949 Wed, 17 Mar 2010 16:04:51 +0100 3372949 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3341716&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X10000877%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Theriogenology) Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3341716 Mon, 08 Mar 2010 17:10:57 +0100 3341716 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3341715&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X10000853%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Theriogenology) Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3341715 Mon, 08 Mar 2010 17:10:57 +0100 3341715 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3372987&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X10000439%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Flow cytometry is now being used more frequently to determine sperm functional characteristics during semen assessment for artificial insemination. With this methodology, viable and potentially functional cells are detected as unstained events differentiated from non-sperm events through their light-scattering characteristics. However, it can be shown mathematically that identification of sperm on the basis of light scatter leads to significant overestimation of unstained viable cells and underestimation of responding cells in tests of sperm function (subpopulations expressing different fluorescence patterns). We have developed a simple and cost-efficient flow cytometric approach for identifying non-sperm particles that can be carried out in parallel with functional assessments. ... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3372987 Mon, 22 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3372987 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3372985&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X10000300%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, in the domestic cat, GnRH withdrawal by acyline prevented ovulation when given in early follicular phase (proestrus), but did not significantly affect luteal function during pregnancy. (Source: Theriogenology) Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3372985 Mon, 22 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3372985 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3372955&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09004105%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, although cloning efficiency was low, we demonstrated the successful use of a cloned first RFP TG cat as a donor cat to produce a Re-RFP TG cat. These results may facilitate future developments in biomedical models for human therapeutic applications. (Source: Theriogenology) Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3372955 Mon, 22 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3372955 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3261777&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X10000634%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Theriogenology) Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3261777 Thu, 11 Feb 2010 15:54:20 +0100 3261777 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3261776&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X10000610%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Theriogenology) Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3261776 Thu, 11 Feb 2010 15:54:20 +0100 3261776 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3341717&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X10000221%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Maternal communication with gametes and embryos stands at the base of early embryonic development, implantation, and maintenance of a pregnancy. This interaction not only underpins pregnancy but also influences the future health of the offspring. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms involved in the communication between the maternal tract and gametes and embryos in terms of the molecules involved and their function is of major scientific, economic, and health importance. Hence, with the support of the European Union, a COST ACTION program (FA0702; www.cost-gemini.eu) entitled “Maternal Interaction with Gametes and Embryos” was launched on 28 February 2008. The main objective of the action is to establish a network of researchers working on different aspects of maternal interaction w... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3341717 Thu, 04 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3341717 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3226825&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X10000063%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Theriogenology) Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3226825 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 17:04:07 +0100 3226825 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3226824&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X1000004X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Theriogenology) Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3226824 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 17:04:07 +0100 3226824 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3372972&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09005263%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study was performed on the bitch (Canis familiaris) during the physiologic reproductive cycle and in uterine diseases. We also applied computerized cytomorphometry to evaluate nuclear area, perimeter, diameter, density, aspect, and roundness of endometrial epithelial cells in healthy dogs (N=35) at different stages of the reproductive cycle (before puberty, during proestrus, estrus, diestrus, and anestrus) and in bitches affected by uterine disorders (N=10). The stage of the estrous cycle was determined by vaginal cytology and progesterone evaluation and also confirmed by clinical and histologic observations. Samples for endometrial cytology were collected in vivo by uterine flushing with transcervical uterine cannulation. After uterine sampling, each dog underwent OHE or uterine stum... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3372972 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3372972 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3372982&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X10000142%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Heart rate is an important parameter of fetal well-being. We have analyzed fetal heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) by fetomaternal electrocardiography (ECG) in the horse (Equus caballus) from midpregnancy to foaling. It was the aim of the study to detect changes in the regulation of fetal cardiac activity over time and to establish normal values in undisturbed pregnancies. A total of 22 mares were available for the study. Fetomaternal electrocardiography was a reliable technique to detect cardiac signals in fetuses between Day 173 of gestation and foaling. Fetal HR decreased from 115±4 beats/min (Days 170 to 240 of gestation) to 83±3 beats/min (Day 320) to 79±1 beats/min (1 d before foaling; P (Source: Theriogenology) Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3372982 Wed, 27 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3372982 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3261778&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09004580%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In this study, the expression of pig (Sus domesticus) spermadhesion genes in seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral glands from birth to sexual maturity and the spatial expression in adult male and female genital tracts and ejaculated sperm of Meishan pigs were evaluated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In general, all spermadhesin genes increased from Days 1 to 150 in the seminal vesicle and bulbourethral gland. However, their expression in the prostate was variable; it increased from Days 1 to 60 and then declined until Day 150. In adult boars, all genes had a very high level of expression in the seminal vesicle and somewhat lower (but still relatively high) in the prostate, caput and caudal epididymides, and bulbourethral gland. Expression of AQN1 and ... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3261778 Wed, 27 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3261778 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3372969&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09005251%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Efficacy of a slow-release gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-agonist implant (Gonazon) was assessed in 53 male dogs presented with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), hypersexuality, aggressive behavior (either alone or in combination), excessive micturition, or to suppress fertility. Changes in testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2) concentrations and size of testes and prostate were monitored on Weeks 0, +8, and +26 after implantation. Additional measurements during and after this period were performed in 35 dogs. Clinical signs were assessed by the owners. All implants except one were retained throughout the study. Full downregulation of testicular function (T (Source: Theriogenology) Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3372969 Mon, 25 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3372969 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3341729&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X1000021X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Understanding the complex interaction between gametes or embryos and the maternal genital tract requires the use of experimental models. The selection of the right model is an important task to undertake, and despite many new developments in this area, an ideal model system has not yet been developed. In this review article, we focus on how the most appropriate model species and model system can be selected, each with its particular advantages and disadvantages. Selection criteria need to be based on the evaluation of the aim of the experiment, the tools that are available to the scientist, and the ethics that are involved in working with particular animal species and model systems. Society and politics direct scientists to “Refine, Reduce, and Replace” the use of experimenta... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3341729 Mon, 25 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3341729 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3372965&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09005214%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Extenders containing low concentrations of egg yolk are recommended for cryopreserving ibex spermatozoa. However, the phylogenetic relationship of the Spanish ibex (Capra pyrenaica) with domestic goats suggests that phospholipases in the seminal plasma may have a negative effect on the response to freezing-thawing when egg yolk–based diluents are employed. The aim of the current work was to determine how seminal plasma removal from Spanish ibex semen, collected by electroejaculation over a period of 1 yr, affects its response to freezing-thawing. Semen was collected from six adult ibexes maintained in captivity. The negative effects of freezing-thawing on the quality of sperm motility and on the integrity of the acrosome and plasma membrane were more serious in the nonwashed se... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3372965 Fri, 22 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3372965 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3372986&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09005226%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Studies of postpartum endometrial physiologic and immune mechanisms in cows are compromised by the difficulty in acquiring tissue of suitable quality and in sufficient quantity (Bos taurus). Endometrial biopsy sampling has attracted concern regarding potential animal ill-health and perturbed subsequent fertility. Here, we describe a method of endometrial biopsy that obtains high-quality tissue samples and does not compromise fertility. Using a Hauptner instrument, endometrial biopsies were taken at 15, 30, and 60 d postpartum from 13 mixed-breed beef cows. The effects of repeat biopsy on health (heart rate, respiration rate, color of mucous membranes, rectal temperature), onset of estrous cyclicity, and first service conception rate were monitored. Extensive daily clinical examin... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3372986 Mon, 18 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3372986 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3372978&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09005317%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Sixty-three embryos were recovered out of 83 estrous cycles (75.9%) and 98 ovulations (64.3%) of five Pantesca jennies, 2 to 5 yr old, naturally mated or artificially inseminated with fresh semen. Embryo recovery rate was influenced by number of ovulations per cycle (133% and 63% for double and single ovulations, respectively), by the day of embryo recovery attempt (12%, 83%, and 75% at Days 7, 8, and 9 after ovulation, respectively), and by the repetition of the embryo recovery attempt on successive cycles (60%, 79%, and 100% for cycles 1 to 7, 8 to 14, and 15 to 24, respectively). All recovered embryos but three were classified as good or excellent. Of 58 nonsurgical embryo transfers to Ragusana jenny recipients, 13 (22.4%), 10 (17.2%), and 9 (15.5%) resulted in a pregnancy at ... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3372978 Mon, 18 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3372978 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3372976&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09005305%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: A group of stallions with different reproductive indexes were used to study seasonal variations in sperm quality (Equus caballus). Semen samples were collected from late September to July and analyzed according to four seasonal periods: late September–December, January–March, late March–May, and June–July. Parameters monitored included sperm concentration, sperm motility, sperm morphology, sperm viability, acrosomal status, plasma membrane stability, and sperm mitochondrial membrane potential. Overall, seminal parameters monitored are affected mostly by time period, followed by animal and lastly by fertility, stressing the importance of individual variations in out-bred animal models. The analysis of multiple ejaculates from the same animals showed clear seasonal-based di... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3372976 Mon, 18 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3372976 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3372974&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09005287%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The objectives of the current study were to determine the incidence of silent ovulation (based on walking activity and milk progesterone profiles), identify risk factors for silent ovulation, and investigate its impact on reproductive performance in high-yielding dairy cows in free-stall housing. Overall, 277 lactations in 161 Holstein Friesian cows from a commercial dairy herd in northern Japan were studied. Walking activity (measured with pedometers) >80% above the mean for the preceding 2 d was defined as estrus, whereas day of ovulation was estimated using milk progesterone concentrations. Ovulation not preceded by increased walking activity was considered silent ovulation; the incidence was 55.2%, 23.8%, 21.3%, and 10.5% at the first, second, third, and fourth ovulations postpartum, r... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3372974 Mon, 18 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3372974 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3372967&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X0900524X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Free amino acids (FAAs) play a key role in the physiology of marine teleosts (eggs, embryos, and larvae). However, the relationship between the egg FAAs content and the production of viable embryos and larvae (at different developmental stages) in batch spawner pelagophils has not yet comprehensively been investigated. Viable eggs of common dentex, Dentex dentex, were obtained from captive broodstocks. Egg wet weight (WW), dry weight (DW), and water content (%W) and viability parameters, or VPs (egg floating rate [FR], hatching rate [HR], and larval survival rate [SR] at days 0 to 5 posthatch) were determined for 45 egg batches. The egg batches were classified according to their HR magnitude. Twelve egg batches with the same WW, DW, and %W were taken from the same broodstock and ... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3372967 Mon, 18 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3372967 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3341725&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09004725%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The integrity of gamete transport, fertilization, and early embryonic development in the oviduct are essential prerequisites for successful reproduction. Although the basic mechanisms of gamete transport, gamete interaction, and early embryogenesis are known in most mammals, the interactions between gametes and oviductal epithelium as well as the communication between the early embryo and the female reproductive tract remain to be elucidated. Recent techniques of live cell imaging such as digital videomicroscopy and confocal fluorescence microscopy are valuable tools that provide actual new insights into these interactions. By applying these techniques, the mechanisms of sperm transport, sperm storage, oocyte transport, gamete interaction, and early embryo-maternal crosstalk can ... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3341725 Mon, 18 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3341725 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3261790&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09005093%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) at progestin removal and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) at timed artificial insemination (TAI) on ovarian follicular dynamics (Experiment 1) and pregnancy rates (Experiment 2) in suckled Nelore (Bos indicus) cows. Both experiments were 2×2 factorials (eCG or No eCG, and GnRH or No GnRH), with identical treatments. In Experiment 1, 50 anestrous cows, 134.5±2.3 d postpartum, received a 3mg norgestomet ear implant sc, plus 3mg norgestomet and 5mg estradiol valerate im on Day 0. The implant was removed on Day 9, with TAI 54h later. Cows received 400 IU eCG or no further treatment on Day 9 and GnRH (100μg gonadorelin) or no further treatment at TAI. Treatment with eCG increased t... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3261790 Mon, 18 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3261790 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3372980&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09005329%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The objective of this study was to evaluate ovarian follicular dynamics during intervals between successive ovum pick-up (OPU) and determine its effects on the number and quality of recovered cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) in Zebu cows (Bos indicus). Pluriparous nonlactating Gyr cows (Bos indicus; n=10) underwent four consecutive OPU sessions at 96-h intervals. The dynamics of ovarian follicular growth between OPU sessions was monitored by twice-daily ultrasonographic examinations. A single dominant follicle (DF) or two codominant (CDF) follicles (>9mm) were present in 63.3% (19 of 30) of intervals studied, with follicle deviation beginning when the future dominant follicle (F1) achieved a diameter of 6.2±0.3mm. The phenomenon of codominance was observed in four (13.3%) of the inter-OPU ... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3372980 Thu, 14 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3372980 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3372961&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09005196%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: An optimal protocol for cat semen cryopreservation has not yet been defined. Addition of Equex STM Paste has been tested for epididymal cat spermatozoa but not for ejaculated cat spermatozoa. Furthermore, the effect of Equex STM Paste on fertilizing ability of cryopreserved semen has never been evaluated in that species. Therefore, the aims of the current study were to investigate if addition of Equex STM Paste to a freezing extender for electroejaculated cat (Felis catus) semen would improve postthaw sperm quality and if sperm fertilizing ability after cryopreservation with or without Equex STM Paste was preserved. Semen was collected by electroejaculation and frozen in a Tris-glucose-citrate egg yolk extender supplemented with (0.5% vol/vol) or without Equex STM Paste. In Exper... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3372961 Thu, 14 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3372961 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3261794&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09005238%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The objective of this study was to assess the reliability of luteal blood flow (LBF) as recorded by color Doppler sonography to monitor luteal function during the estrous cycle of dairy cows and to compare the results with that for the established criterion luteal size (LS) as determined by B-mode sonography. In total, 14 consecutive sonographic examinations were carried out in 10 synchronized lactating Holstein-Friesian cows (Bos taurus) on Days 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, –5, –4, –3, –2, –1 of the estrous cycle (Day 1=ovulation). Plasma progesterone concentrations in venous blood (P4) were quantified by enzyme immunoassay. Luteal size was determined by sonographic measurement of the maximal cross-sectional area of the corpus luteum (CL). Luteal blood supply was estimated by ... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3261794 Thu, 14 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3261794 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3372963&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09005202%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, both −FC/S and +FC/R culture systems supported meiotic competence, irrespective of oxygen tension. However, the +FC/R culture system may be superior to the −FC/S culture system for promoting fertilization. (Source: Theriogenology) Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3372963 Mon, 11 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3372963 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3261779&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09004658%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The objective of this study was to develop a preservation method for canine sperm using microencapsulation. Pooled ejaculates from three beagles (Canis familiaris) were extended in egg yolk Tris extender and were encapsulated in gel (alginate only) or polycation (poly-l-lysine membrane bound) microcapsules at 0.75% and 1.0% alginate concentration. In Experiment 1, characteristics of microcapsule and microencapsulated sperm were evaluated during chilling storage for 48h. Gel microcapsules at 0.75% alginate concentration had a teardrop-like structure with fragility, whereas those at 1.0% alginate had a solid spherical structure. In all groups, diameter of the microcapsules increased with duration of storage (P (Source: Theriogenology) Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3261779 Thu, 07 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3261779 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3261796&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09005159%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The aim of this work is to study the effect of the vitrification procedure on prenatal survival and on placental development at the end of gestation in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). One hundred eighty-one females were slaughtered at 72h of gestation. Morphologically normal embryos recovered at 72h of gestation were kept at room temperature until transfer or vitrification. Vitrified embryos (320 embryos) were transferred into a total of 24 does and fresh embryos (712 embryos) were transferred into a total of 43 does. Females were induced to ovulate 72h before transfer when fresh embryos were transferred and 60 to 63h before transfer when vitrified embryos were transferred. Each recipient doe received eight embryos into the left oviduct and eight embryos into the right oviduct. ... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3261796 Wed, 06 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3261796 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3261795&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09005147%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study tested the hypothesis that four inseminations of commercially frozen sexed semen (≥2.1×106 sperm per 0.25-mL straw) in superstimulated embryo donors would yield a percentage and quantity of transferable embryos similar to that achieved with conventional frozen semen. Bos taurus, angus cows (n=32), stratified by age and body condition, were randomly allocated to receive four inseminations of frozen-thawed semen, either conventional semen (≥15×106 sperm/straw; Conventional) or sexed semen (≥2.1×106 sperm/straw; Sexed) from one of two AI sires. From 10 to 13 d after estrus, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) was given twice-daily, with prostaglandin F2α given twice on the last day. Cows were inseminated once (1×) at first detected estrus and twice (2×) and once (1×) at... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3261795 Wed, 06 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3261795 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3261793&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09005135%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The objective was to establish an effective procedure to prepare hGCase transgenic donor cells and nuclear transfer (NT) embryos to produce hGCase protein in the Saanen dairy goat mammary gland. A mammary-specific expression vector for hGCase was constructed and transfected into HC-11 mammary epithelial cells for bioactivity analysis in vitro; mRNA transcripts and hGCase protein were correctly expressed in transfected HC-11 cells. The hGCase gene was then introduced into fetal fibroblasts (from dairy goats) to prepare competent transgenic donor cells. Transgenic fibroblast clones from a single round of transfection were reliably isolated by 96-well cell culture plates and screened with PCR amplification and chromosomal counting (66.8%). Dairy goat cloned embryos were produced from these hG... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3261793 Wed, 06 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3261793 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3372959&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09005160%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The objective was to investigate changes, throughout the spawning season, in body size attributes and quantitative semen characteristics of wild-caught and cultivated Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua L. Sperm velocity increased significantly throughout the spawning season of cod from both origins. Curvilinear velocity (VCL; 30sec post-activation) increased from 78.9±6.5 to 128.2±6.5μm/sec (mean±SEM) between the beginning and end of the spawning season, respectively, for wild-caught cod, whereas for cultivated fish, it increased from 26.6±2.4 to 48.9±3.1μm/sec between January and March. Spermatocrit did not undergo a significant seasonal change in wild-caught cod but did thicken for cultivated cod (24.6±4.2% in January to 40.5±4.4% in April; P (Source: Theriogenology) Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3372959 Mon, 04 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3372959 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3261791&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09005111%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Adiponectin is one of the most important, recently discovered adipocytokines that acts at various levels to control male and female fertility through central effects on the hypothalamus-pituitary axis or through peripheral effects on the ovary, uterus, and embryo. We studied simultaneous changes in the gene expression pattern of adiponectin and adiponectin receptors 1 and 2 (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2) in granulosa and theca cells, cumulus-oocyte complex, and in corpus luteum in healthy bovine (Bos tarus) follicles at different stages of development. The expression levels of adiponectin, AdipoR1, and AdipoR2 mRNA were lower (P (Source: Theriogenology) Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3261791 Mon, 04 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3261791 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3372957&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09004865%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The objectives of this study were to determine if VEGF, VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), and components of the Ang-Tie system are expressed in ovarian follicles at both the protein and mRNA levels and to explore if their expression is related to the stage of the estrous cycle in the ewe. Ovaries from cyclic ewes were collected during the luteal phase (n=5) or before (n=5), during (n=4), and after (n=4) the preovulatory luteinizing hormone (LH) surge. After fixation, ovaries were wax-embedded, serially sectioned, and analyzed for both protein and mRNA expression of VEGF, VEGFR-2, angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1), angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), Tie-1 (mRNA only), and Tie-2. mRNA was studied by in situ hybridization using digoxigenin-11-UTP–labeled ovine riboprobes. A similar pattern of expression was observed fo... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3372957 Wed, 30 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3372957 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3124149&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09005020%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Theriogenology) Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3124149 Mon, 28 Dec 2009 15:32:13 +0100 3124149 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3124148&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09005007%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Theriogenology) Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3124148 Mon, 28 Dec 2009 15:32:13 +0100 3124148 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3341728&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09004968%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This report reviews major aspects of vascular development in the placenta and describes the establishment of a three-dimensional in vitro model of human placental vascular development. (Source: Theriogenology) Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3341728 Mon, 28 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3341728 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3261792&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09005123%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In this study, the characteristics of ovarian follicular waves and patterns of serum concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol, and progesterone were compared between cycles with three (n=9) or four (n=10) follicular waves in Western White Face (WWF) ewes (Ovis aries). Transrectal ultrasonography and blood sampling were performed daily during one cycle. Estrous cycles were 17.11±0.3 and 17.20±0.2 d long in cycles with three and four waves, respectively (P>0.05). The first interwave interval and the interval from the emergence of the final wave to the day of ovulation were longer in cycles with three waves compared with those in cycles with four waves (P (Source: Theriogenology) Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3261792 Fri, 25 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3261792 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3261787&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09004944%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Lipids are the main structural/functional components of the sperm, and their composition may undergo a series of modifications in relation to either physiologic events (capacitation and acrosome reaction) and/or diet. The goals of the current study were (1) to investigate whether a flaxseed (FS) dietary supplementation could affect the lipid and fatty acid profile of sperm subfractions and of prostatic granules (PGs) and (2) to evaluate the effects of dietary FS on rabbit buck semen quality. Accordingly, 20 adult New Zealand White rabbits were fed ad libitum a control diet (CO) or a diet supplemented with 5% extruded FS. Integration of diet with FS, as a consequence of the linolenic acid (C18:3n-3; LNA; 56%), increased the dietary n-3/n-6 ratio and resulted in a substantial rearr... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3261787 Fri, 25 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3261787 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3261786&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09004932%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study determined the effect of estradiol benzoate on the mRNA expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and the prostaglandin E receptors EP2 and EP4, the concentration of cervical hyaluronan, and the proportion of smooth muscle and collagen in the cervix of the hypogonadotrophic ovariectomized ewe (Ovis aries). Ovariectomized hypogonadotrophic ewes were given 100μg estradiol benzoate, and their cervices were collected 0, 24, and 48h thereafter to determine the expression of cervical COX-2, EP2, and EP4 mRNA by in situ hybridization, the concentration of hyaluronan by ELISA, and the proportion of smooth muscle and collagen by Masson's trichrome staining. Estradiol benzoate increased the mRNA expression of COX-2 and EP4 within 24h after treatment (P (Source: Theriogenology) Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3261786 Fri, 25 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3261786 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3261783&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09004907%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study examined the influence of the following growth factors and cytokines on early embryonic development: insulin-like growth factors I and II (IGF-I, IGF-II), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), transforming growth factor (TGF-β), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). Synthetic oviduct fluid (SOF) was used as the culture medium. We studied the development of bovine embryos produced in vitro and cultured until Day 9 after fertilization. TGF-β1, bFGF, GM-CSF, and LIF used on their own significantly improved the yield of hatched blastocysts. IGF-I, bFGF, TGF-β1, GM-CSF, and LIF significantly accelerated embryonic development, especially the change from the expanded blastocyst to hatched blastocyst stages. Use of a combina... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3261783 Fri, 25 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3261783 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3226826&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X0900435X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The effects of various dosages of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) on superovulation induction for in vivo and in vitro embryo production were examined in stray cats (Felis catus). Cats (n=286) were allocated into five treatment groups with 0, 50, 100, 200, or 400 IU eCG, followed by 100 IU human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). In vivo– and in vitro–produced blastocysts were obtained by artificial insemination (AI) and in vitro fertilization (IVF), somatic cell nucleus transfer (SCNT), or parthenogenetic activation (PA). The percentage of cats that developed mature follicles, the percentage of cats with collected embryos, and the mean number of in vivo blastocysts per cat were higher in the 200 IU treatment group (43.9%, 31.8%, and 1.53, respectively) compared with those of ... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3226826 Fri, 25 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3226826 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3261780&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09004877%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: This is the very first report that suggests high pregnancy rates can be obtained with use of the Doublesynch protocol in anestrous dairy cows. Recently, a new synchronization method has been developed (Doublesynch) that resulted in synchronized ovulations both after the first and second gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) treatments. It was suggested that this protocol has the potential to increase the pregnancy rates in primiparous dairy cows. The aim of the current study was to confirm the success of the Doublesynch protocol and further to investigate the effect of this method on pregnancy rates in anestrous cows. Lactating primiparous Holstein (Bos taurus) cows (n=165) between 60 and 172 d postpartum were monitored twice with 10-d intervals (on Days –10 and 0) by ultrasono... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3261780 Mon, 21 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3261780 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3226844&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09004683%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, the presented and validated PGFM assay is an easy and reliable method for noninvasive pregnancy diagnosis in the Iberian lynx (and probably other felids) if applied approximately 20 d prior parturition in pure urine or fecal extracts. High PGFM levels in urine or fecal samples may allow a pregnancy diagnosis without knowledge of mating time, making the PGFM test applicable to free-ranging animals. (Source: Theriogenology) Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3226844 Mon, 21 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3226844 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3226837&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09004609%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study assessed the effect of 1% or 2% (wt/vol) soybean lecithin (L1 or L2) or 15% or 20% (vol/vol) egg yolk (E15 or E20) supplemented with 5% or 7% glycerol (G5 or G7) in a Tris-based medium for cryopreservation of ram (Oviss arries) semen. Although no significant difference was observed in pattern of capacitation, the best results in terms of sperm motility, viability postthaw, and cleavage rates were observed with L1G7 (51.9±4.8%, 48.1±3.5%, and 79.6±3.9%, respectively) and E20G7 (51.8±2.9%, 46.7±4.0%, and 72.9±6.4%, respectively). Our results also showed that 1% lecithin and 20% egg yolk was superior to 2% lecithin and 15% egg yolk. In terms of cleavage rate, 7% glycerol was superior to 5% glycerol. No significant difference was obtained between groups in terms of blastocysts... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3226837 Mon, 21 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3226837 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3226834&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09004567%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: This experiment was designed to determine the effects of sexual stimulation on plasma concentrations of oxytocin (OT), vasopressin (VP), 15-ketodihydro-PGF2α (PG-metabolite), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone (T), estrone sulfate (ES), and cortisol (C) in stallions. Semen samples were collected from 14 light horse stallions (Equus caballus) of proven fertility using a Missouri model artificial vagina. Blood samples were collected at 15, 12, 9, 6, and 3min before estrous mare exposure, at erection, at ejaculation, and at 3, 6, and 9min after ejaculation. Afterwards, blood sampling was performed every 10min for the following 60min. Sexual activity determined an increase in plasma concentrations of OT, VP, C, PG-metabolite, and ES and caused no changes in LH and T concentratio... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3226834 Mon, 21 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3226834 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3261785&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09004920%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Respiratory stimulants are widely used in asphyxic neonatal calves despite a lack of data about their effectiveness and indications of possible side effects. The effect of doxapram and theophylline on respiratory, cardiovascular, and acid-base variables was investigated in 10 healthy neonatal calves (Bos Taurus). A venous, a peripheral arterial, and a pulmonary arterial catheter were placed, and central venous, pulmonary, and systemic blood pressures and cardiac output were measured using thermodilution technique. Doxapram, but not theophylline, led to an immediate increase in respiratory rate (P ≤ 0.01). The arterial pCO2 decreased to 27.1±4.7mm Hg within 30sec after doxapram administration and to 46.3±5.8mm Hg within 120min after theophylline administration (P (Source: Ther... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3261785 Fri, 18 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3261785 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3261781&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09004889%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: It has been reported that a diet supplemented with l-carnitine can improve sperm quality in some mammalian species. Against this background, the current study seeks to determine the effects of feeding l-carnitine (625mg·day−1) on boar semen characteristics (ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, sperm viability, acrosome and mitochondrial sheath integrity, sperm motility, sperm morphology, and osmotic resistance of spermatozoa) in three different porcine breeds (Sus domesticus) (Piétrain, Duroc, and Large White) exposed to natural environmental changes in temperature and photoperiod over a 20-wk period (February to July 2007). One hundred twenty boars (40 per breed) were randomly separated into two groups (60 boars each): the first (20 boars per breed) was fed a control diet ... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3261781 Fri, 18 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3261781 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3226843&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09004671%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The current study was undertaken to investigate the aneuploidy rates in in vitro–matured meiosis II (MII) oocytes and corresponding first polar bodies in two dairy cattle (Bos taurus) breeds by using dual-color fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). A total of 159 and 144 in vitro–matured MII oocytes of the Italian Friesian and Italian Brown breeds, respectively, were obtained according to the standard methods and analyzed by FISH using “Xcen” and “5” chromosome-specific painting probes, produced by chromosome microdissection and Degenerate Oligonucleotide Primer- Polymerase Chain Reaction (DOP-PCR). Oocytes with unreduced chromosome number were 10.1% and 16.7% in the two breeds, respectively. To avoid bias due to possible artifacts, the aneuploidy rates were deter... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3226843 Fri, 18 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3226843 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3261789&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X0900497X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: In an attempt to evaluate the protective effect of a lipid-soluble antioxidant (butylated hydroxytoluene; BHT), semen from four dogs (Canis familiaris) was frozen in two different extenders (Uppsala or INRA-96 plus glycerol) with or without 1mM BHT. Sperm membrane integrity using flow cytometry and motility using a computerized system were evaluated in each experimental group. The Uppsala extender was superior in all aspects of sperm function. The percentage of sperm membranes was significantly higher in semen samples frozen in presence of BHT. Our results suggest that the Uppsala extender can be improved with the addition of BHT. (Source: Theriogenology) Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3261789 Thu, 17 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3261789 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3226838&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09004610%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the presence or absence of Corpus luteum (CL) on the follicular population during superstimulation in dairy cows (Holstein-Friesian cattle). Animals were divided into two groups as follows: (1) Growing CL group (G1): Cows (n=7) received a total dose of 28 Armour units (AU) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) through the first 4 d (twice daily) after spontaneous ovulation (Day 0). (2) CL Absence group (G2): Cows (n=10) received prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) at 9 or 10 d after ovulation. After 36h, all the follicles (larger than 5mm) were aspirated (Day 0). The FSH treatment started 24h after aspiration and continued for 4 d. The number of small (3 to (Source: Theriogenology) Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3226838 Thu, 17 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3226838 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3226832&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09004543%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Sperm morphology has been identified as a characteristic that can be useful in the prediction of fertilizing capacity. The aim of the current study was to characterize ram sperm heads morphometrically as a basis for future studies on the relationship between sperm quality and male fertility. For this purpose, ejaculates from 241 mature rams (Ovis aries) belonging to 36 different dairy herds were used to evaluate sperm head morphometry by means of the Sperm-Class Analyzer. Sperm samples, collected by artificial vagina, were diluted in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) for the analysis. A microscope slide was prepared from single-diluted fresh sperm samples. Slides were air-dried and stained with Hemacolor. A minimum of 115 sperm heads were analyzed from each male. Each sperm head wa... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3226832 Thu, 17 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3226832 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3341719&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09004713%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Although the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, has emerged as a model system for human disease, its potential as a model for mammalian reproductive biology has not been fully exploited. Here we describe how Drosophila can be used to study the interactions between sperm and the female reproductive tract. Like many insects, Drosophila has two types of sperm storage organs, the spermatheca and seminal receptacle, whose ducts arise from the uterine wall. The spermatheca duct ends in a capsule-like structure surrounded by a layer of gland cells. In contrast, the seminal receptacle is a slender, blind-ended tubule. Recent studies suggest that the spermatheca is specialized for long-term storage, as well as sperm maturation, whereas the receptacle functions in short-term sperm storage... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3341719 Wed, 16 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3341719 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3261788&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09004956%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, seminal characteristics of cloned male cats did not differ markedly from those of our noncloned, control male cats. (Source: Theriogenology) Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3261788 Mon, 14 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3261788 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3261784&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09004919%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The objective was to examine the effects of cryoprotectants on oocytes of hard corals (Echinopora spp.) to obtain basic knowledge for cryopreservation procedures. Oocytes were exposed to various concentrations of cryoprotectants (0.25 to 5.0M) for 20min at room temperature (25°C). Two tests were used to assess ovarian follicle viability: fluorescein diacetate (FDA)+propidium iodide (PI) staining, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) assay. Both FDA+PI staining and ATP assay indicated that cryoprotectant toxicity to oocytes increased in the order methanol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), propylene glycol (PG), and ethylene glycol (EG). The no observed effect concentrations for Echinopora spp. oocytes were 1.0, 0.5, 0.25, and 0.25M for methanol, DMSO, PG, and EG, respectively, when assessed with FDA... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3261784 Mon, 14 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3261784 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3261782&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09004890%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The objectives of this study were to measure culling intervals and culling risks in the four stages of the reproductive life of female pigs and to compare culling intervals between the number of services and between herd groups, based on herd productivity. We also compared survival patterns of females pigs between these herd groups. Our data set included lifetime records of 52,792 females born between 2001 and 2004 in 101 commercial herds. Two herd groups were selected on the basis of the upper 25th percentile of pigs weaned per mated female per 5 yr between 2002 and 2006, namely the high-performing herds, and ordinary herds. Culled females were also allocated into four groups based on the stages of their reproductive life when culled: unmated gilts, mated gilts, unmated sows, and mated so... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3261782 Mon, 14 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3261782 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3070175&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09004804%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Theriogenology) Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3070175 Wed, 09 Dec 2009 15:36:36 +0100 3070175 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3070174&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09004786%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Theriogenology) Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3070174 Wed, 09 Dec 2009 15:36:35 +0100 3070174 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3226845&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09004695%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Cervical artificial insemination (AI) in sheep with fresh semen yields a much higher pregnancy rate than when frozen-thawed semen is used, and consequently frozen semen is only acceptable for laparoscopic insemination. The short life span of fresh semen is a major constraint on the use of AI in genetic improvement programs for sheep. The main objective of this study was to examine the effects of storage conditions on viability and fertilization ability of fresh ram (Ovis aries) semen up to 72h postcollection. Experiment 1 was designed to evaluate the effect of diluent type (standard skim milk, AndroMed, OviPro, and INRA 96) and storage temperature (5°C and 15°C) on the motility and viability of fresh ram semen. Storage temperature, irrespective of diluent, had a significant eff... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3226845 Wed, 09 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3226845 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3226841&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09004646%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The goals of this study were to test the effects of exogenous hormones and hibernation on breeding behavior and gamete release by boreal toads (Bufo boreas boreas). Each year, a subset of 77 toads was hibernated and then paired with hibernated or nonhibernated mates and treated with luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analogue (LHRHa), human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), or left untreated. Amplexus and egg and sperm production were recorded. At 1 yr of age, only 19% of pairs exhibited amplexus, and no sperm or eggs were produced. At 2 and 3 yr of age, most male toads treated with LHRHa exhibited amplexus (56.9% and 100%, respectively). Among 2-yr-old males, amplexus was more prevalent (P (Source: Theriogenology) Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3226841 Wed, 09 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3226841 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3226830&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09004403%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of postactivation treatment with nocodazole on morphologic changes of donor nuclei and in vitro and in vivo development of somatic cell nucleus transfer (SCNT) embryos in pigs (Sus scrofa). Somatic cell nucleus transfer oocytes were either untreated (control) or treated with nocodazole or demecolcine after electric activation, then cultured in vitro or transferred to surrogate pigs. Treatment with nocodazole (30%) and demecolcine (29%) after electric activation improved embryo development to the blastocyst stage compared with the control (16%). The rate of oocytes that formed single clusters of chromosomes or a pronucleus 4h after activation was higher after treatment with nocodazole (82%) and demecolcine (86%) than under the contr... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3226830 Wed, 09 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3226830 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3341727&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09004701%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: A comprehensive understanding of the complex embryo-maternal interactions during the preimplantation period requires the analysis of very early stages of pregnancy. These are difficult to assess in vivo due to the small size of the embryo exerting local paracrine effects. Specifically designed experiments and holistic transcriptome and proteome analyses to address the early embryo-maternal cross-talk in the oviduct require sufficient numbers of well-defined cells in a standardized experimental environment. The pronounced estrous cycle–dependent changes in gene expression and morphology of bovine oviduct epithelial cells (BOECs) clearly show that a precise definition of the stage of estrous cycle is essential for obtaining a well-defined homogenous population of functional cells... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3341727 Mon, 07 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3341727 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3226842&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X0900466X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, immature and young donors ( (Source: Theriogenology) Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3226842 Mon, 07 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3226842 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3226839&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09004634%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, in these experiments, a significantly greater proportion of males were gestated in the right uterine horn of cattle and a greater proportion of females in the left uterine horn. Further investigation is needed to determine the mechanisms underlying the observed disparity of the expected sex ratio within the uterine horns of cattle. (Source: Theriogenology) Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3226839 Mon, 07 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3226839 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3226836&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09004592%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the closed pulled straw (CPS) method for cryopreserving in vitro–produced and in vivo–produced bovine (Bos taurus) embryos. Based on the open pulled straw (OPS) protocol, the top end of a CPS was closed by tweezers (heated in a flame) to prevent the cryoprotectant medium containing embryos from contacting the liquid nitrogen. Bovine in vitro or in vivo morulae and early blastocyst embryos were frozen by slow cryopreservation, OPS vitrification, or CPS vitrification. Morphology of postthawed embryos was evaluated, and normal embryos were used for successive culture for 72h. There were no significant differences between OPS and CPS freezing groups in postthawed in vitro–produced embryos with respect to rates of morphological... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3226836 Mon, 07 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3226836 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3226835&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09004579%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, we inferred that the aged female spider monkeys did not reach menopause, instead they remained in a perimenopausal period characterized by changes in fecal concentrations of ovarian steroids and hypothalamus-hypophysis-ovary axis activity, as well as irregular menstrual flows, for prolonged intervals. (Source: Theriogenology) Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3226835 Mon, 07 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3226835 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3124159&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09004336%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The aim of this work was to evaluate the hemodynamic changes in the utero-placental arterial vessels in rabbits (Orictolagus cuniculus) throughout pregnancy as well as those in the umbilical cord, aorta, and caudal vena cava of fetuses to establish their normal reference ranges for systolic peak velocity (SPV), end diastolic velocity (EDV), pulsatility index (PI), and resistance index (RI). The blood flow waveforms were monitored every 4 d in 10 rabbits from Day 10 of pregnancy onward by means of color and pulsed wave Doppler ultrasonography using a 5.5–7.5MHz microconvex transabdominal probe. The utero-placental blood flow was characterized by steep increases and decrease in the SPV with a slow diastolic wave and relatively high EDV, whereas that of the umbilical artery was di... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3124159 Mon, 07 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3124159 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3226833&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09004555%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: We first determined a dose of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) sufficient to induce ovulation in lactating Holstein cows. Ovaries of 85 previously inseminated cows were mapped using transrectal ultrasonography 7 d before pregnancy diagnosis and assigned randomly to treatments of saline, 100μg gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), or 500, 1000, 2000, or 3000 IU hCG. Appearance of new corpus luteum (CL) in response to ≥1000 IU hCG was similar to that for GnRH but greater (P (Source: Theriogenology) Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3226833 Fri, 04 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3226833 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3226828&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09004397%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: An artificial insemination bull (Bos taurus) exhibiting 23% macrocephalic spermatozoa in the ejaculate was investigated. Spermatozoa with a projected head area of ≥52μm2 were considered macrocephalic. Diploidy was assumed from the measurement of sperm head area and proved by flow cytometry, which was used to sort the sperm into haploid and diploid fractions. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to detect the sex chromosomes with an X-Y probe set. Diploid spermatozoa most likely originate from a defective second meiotic division (M2 diploids), as only 0.7% XY-bearing spermatozoa (M1 diploids) were detected in the spermatozoa of the flow cytometric diploid sort. The painting probes generated a single X or Y spot for both unsorted semen and diploid sorted spermatozoa. This... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3226828 Fri, 04 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3226828 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3124158&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09004324%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In this study, for the first time in the equine neonate, we validated the Lactate Scout analyzer, both in healthy and in critically ill foals. The study also describes the normal range for blood lactate in 26 healthy neonatal foals during the first 72h of life. Moreover, the utility of venous lactate measurement in 88 critically ill foals was determined, describing lactate values in the most common neonatal pathologies, evaluating serial blood lactate measurements, and investigating its prognostic value. The comparison with the enzymatic-colorimetric reference method showed that the Lactate Scout analyzer is reliable. The mean difference (bias ±2SD) between the two methods was close to zero for all comparisons, and the SD of difference was ±0.76 with a 95% confidence interval from −1.5... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3124158 Fri, 04 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3124158 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3124157&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09004312%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The objective of this study was to determine if administration of a set dose (10μg) of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist, buserelin (Receptal; Rc), at set times after altrenogest (Regumate; RU) treatment or after weaning was able to induce and synchronize ovulation in female swine (gilts and sows). The pubertal (n=187) gilts were allocated to four groups, all synchronized with RU. Group 1 (RU) was inseminated twice at detected estrus, Group 2 (RU+Rc120) and Group 4 (RU+Rc104) received 10μg Rc at 120 or 104h after the end of RU treatment, respectively, and Group 3 (RU+eCG+Rc104) was treated with 800 IU equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) at 24h and Rc 104h after the end of RU treatment, respectively. Gilts were inseminated twice at predetermined times, namely 144 and 168h (Group 2)... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3124157 Fri, 04 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3124157 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3124163&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09004385%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, the S. c. hoya CHD probes, coupled with the Griffiths P2/P8 primers, were validated to provide accurate and high-throughput gender identification for many Accipitridae species. (Source: Theriogenology) Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3124163 Thu, 03 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3124163 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3124154&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09004178%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The aim of this study was to use computed tomography for the evaluation of the suitability of external pelvimetry to determine obstetrically relevant parameters. External pelvimetric measurements obtained in vivo using calipers and internal pelvimetric measurements obtained in vitro using computed tomography were taken in 30 German Holstein-Friesian cows (Bos taurus). All measurements were highly reproducible with intraclass correlation coefficients ≥98%. Hip width was the external variable with the highest correlation to internal variables, particularly pelvic inlet area and circumference, pelvic volume, medial horizontal diameter of the pelvic inlet, and the narrowest horizontal diameter of the midpelvis (r2 > 0.60, P (Source: Theriogenology) Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3124154 Thu, 03 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3124154 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3124162&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09004373%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess the natural exposure of male horses (Equus caballus) to the mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEA) by using the ELISA test and to evaluate the effects of in vitro exposure of sperm cells to mycotoxin-containing urine extracts on sperm chromatin structure stability. Because of their occurrence in urine samples, ZEA and its derivatives were tested by sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA) at natural levels detected by ELISA. Thirty-eight urine extracts of Italian (n = 11) and northeastern European (n = 27) horses were tested on frozen-thawed spermatozoa to evaluate the toxic effect of mycotoxin on their chromatin structure by flow cytometry. Different parameters of the DNA fragmentation index (DFI), such as the mean (), the percentage (%-DFI), and the s... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3124162 Wed, 02 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3124162 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3124160&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09004348%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Downstream effects of prostaglandin-D synthetase (PGDS) in a primary culture of chicken (Gallus gallus) anterior pituitary cells were investigated to study how PGDS regulated laying in hens. Either PGDS downstream metabolite, PGD2 or PGJ2, elevated LHB mRNA and LHB protein levels in dose- and time-dependent manners, and treatment with arachidonic acid (1μM) alone upregulated 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-PGJ2 (15-d-PGJ2; derived from PGJ2)/PGJ2, LHB mRNA, and LHB protein levels (P (Source: Theriogenology) Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3124160 Wed, 02 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3124160 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3038949&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09003719%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The objectives were to (i) characterize sexual behavior of donkey stallions (jacks; Equus asinus) during on-farm semen collection using estrous horse mares (mares; Equus caballus); (ii) compare behavior of young (less experienced) versus older (more experienced) jacks; (iii) determine whether semen suitable for artificial insemination (AI) could be collected using mares; and (iv) determine the suitability of using mares in field collection of semen from jacks. Six Pêga jacks (3.5 to 16 yr old), previously conditioned to breed mares, were used. Mount mares were confirmed in estrus by a teaser horse stallion (stallion) and a jack. Semen was collected with an artificial vagina, at intervals of 48 to 72h (180 collections). The mean±SD (young [3.5 yr] vs. old [14 to 16 yr]) were Flehmen respo... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3038949 Mon, 30 Nov 2009 16:07:38 +0100 3038949 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3038942&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09004452%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Theriogenology) Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3038942 Mon, 30 Nov 2009 16:07:37 +0100 3038942 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3038941&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09004439%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Theriogenology) Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3038941 Mon, 30 Nov 2009 16:07:37 +0100 3038941 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3124161&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09004361%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The use of ultrasonography as a noninvasive tool for assessing the reproductive status of the male Yangtze finless porpoise (YFP; Neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis) was validated by correlating ultrasonographically determined testicular volume (TV) and testicular parenchyma pixel intensity (PI) with serum testosterone (T) concentration. The testes of 13 free-ranging male YFPs from the Tian-e-Zhou Reserve and three captive animals from the Baiji Dolphinarium (Wuhan, China) were examined ultrasonographically during April 2008. Testis volume was determined using Lambert's formula for an ellipsoid. Testicular parenchyma PI was evaluated by analyzing testicular ultrasonograms using pixel analysis software (Image J). Serum T concentrations were determined using a single-antibody... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3124161 Mon, 30 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3124161 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3341724&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09004294%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The oviduct provides the optimal environment for the transport of sperm and oocyte at the earliest stages of mammalian embryo development. During the early postfertilization period, several major developmental events occur in the embryo including (i) the first cleavage division, (ii) activation of the embryonic genome, (iii) compaction of the morula, and (iv) formation of the blastocyst. Most of these events are initiated in the oviduct. The absence of assistance from the oviduct may compromise the developmental ability of the cattle embryo under in vitro culture conditions. The oviducts of several mammalian species, including rabbits, cow, sheep (in situ), and mice (organ culture), can sustain early bovine embryos and yield blastocysts of better quality compared with those of cu... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3341724 Thu, 26 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3341724 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3070181&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09003999%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The objectives of this study were to examine the relationships between periovulatory endocrine events, ovarian activity, and embryo survival after artificial insemination (AI) in cattle (Bos taurus). Eighty-four reproductively normal beef heifers were estrus synchronized using a prostaglandin-based regimen. Artificial insemination was performed between 5 and 21h after heat onset. Ultrasonic examination of ovarian structures began 12h after the onset of heat and continued every 6h until confirmed ovulation. Blood samples were collected for measurement of estradiol, progesterone, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Pregnancy diagnosis was conducted on Days 30 and 100 after AI. Embryo survival was defined as the presence of an embryo with a detectable heartbeat in a clear amniotic sac a... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3070181 Mon, 23 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3070181 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3124153&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09004154%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The aim of this study was to design a protocol for vitrification and warming of porcine embryos in a chemically defined medium. A total of 663 morulae and blastocysts were collected from weaned crossbred sows (Large White-Landrace) 5 to 6 d after estrus and vitrified with the Superfine Open Pulled Straw method. In Experiment 1, embryos were vitrified using as a basic medium TCM-199–HEPES supplemented with 20% newborn calf serum (NBCS) or with 0, 0.1%, 0.5%, or 1% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Nonvitrified embryos were used as a fresh control group. Survival and hatching rates were evaluated after 72h of in vitro culture to assess embryo viability. In addition, some hatched blastocysts derived from morulae and blastocysts were processed to determine the total cell number and the cell... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3124153 Mon, 16 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3124153 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3124150&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09004129%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: A novel testis-derived membrane occupation and recognition nexus (MORN)-motif protein was identified in mouse testis (MOPT) by subtraction screening methods and found to be localized on chromosome 17E3, spanning approximately 7kb. Sequence analysis showed that MOPT contains 669 base pair nucleotides of open reading frame and the corresponding 79 amino acids. The protein is predicted to have theoretical molecular mass of 9000 Da and an expected isoelectric point of 5.8 and seems to have unique sequences except for MORN-motif domain. The transcript of MOPT is highly and specifically expressed in adult testis as well as skeletal muscle. Moreover, MOPT transcript and protein are confined mainly to round and elongated spermatids, except for a few individual dispersed spermatocytes, an... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3124150 Mon, 16 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3124150 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3070185&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X0900404X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of centrifugation on equine sperm total and progressive motility, viability, and acrosomal integrity. We hypothesized that although high centrifugation forces would be detrimental to equine Equus caballus sperm, recovery rates would increase. Ejaculates from six stallions were collected, extended to a concentration of 25×106 cells/mL, and subjected for 10min to (1) no centrifugation (NC) or (2) centrifugation at 400×g, (3) 900×g, or (4) 4500×g. Before and after centrifugation (Day 0), and after 24h of cooling (Day 1), sperm motility was assessed by computer-assisted semen analysis, and samples were stained with SYBR-14/propidium iodide (PI) for viability and with PI/fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)–Peanut aglutinin (PNA) (Ar... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3070185 Mon, 16 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3070185 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3341720&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09004300%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Nowadays, in vitro study of follicular dynamics of primordial and primary follicular stages is limited because in vitro culture systems for these follicles are lacking, both in domestic animal species and in human. Therefore, additional insights might be generated by grafting ovarian tissue into immunodeficient mice to study activation and maturation of early follicular stages. A considerable amount of data has already been gathered in laboratory animals and through clinical application of human assisted reproduction technologies where live births were reported recently after the use of (cryopreserved) ovarian grafts. However, given that human preantral follicles are difficult to obtain and that there are many similarities between the bovine and human species with regard to ovari... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3341720 Fri, 13 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3341720 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3070183&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09004026%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study was performed to provide a description of the normal cells in cytologic specimens of the testis and to establish ratios between cells that quantify testicular function. Six male dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) with no testicular pathology, aged 3 to 8 yr, were subjected to elected orchiectomy and included in this study. For each testis, six impression smears were obtained, air dried, and stained with a rapid Romanowsky-type stain. Specimens presented low blood contamination and a heterogeneous population of isolated or loosely packed cells, with high pleomorphism and anisokaryosis; naked nuclei, smeared chromatin, and multinucleation were frequent. The morphologic features of the normal testicular cells from spermatogonia to spermatozoa, including Sertoli and Leydig cells, were de... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3070183 Thu, 12 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3070183 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3124156&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09004191%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, BoHV-5 infected gametes and was transmissible to the embryo during in vitro development. As zygotes infected 1 d after fertilization had compromised development, BoHV-5 has the potential to be a pathogen with economic consequences. (Source: Theriogenology) Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3124156 Mon, 09 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3124156 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3070187&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09004063%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The goal of this study was to determine the effects of the length of the preovulatory phase on genital blood flow and mRNA expression of endometrial hormone receptors in cattle (Bos Taurus). Ovulation was synchronized in 50 Holstein-Friesian cows using a modified Ovsynch (ovulation synchronization) protocol, in which the second gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) administration was given 40h (G40, n=17) or 60h (G60, n=16) after the prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) administration. The third group (S, n=17) did not receive a second GnRH administration. Transrectal color Doppler examinations were carried out 24h before (Day –1) and on Day 7 after ovulation (Day 0). Follicular size (FS) and luteal size (CLS) were quantified by measuring the areas of these structures on cross-sectional... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3070187 Mon, 09 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3070187 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3070182&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09004002%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, roscovitine reversibly maintained cat oocytes at the germinal vesicle stage without detrimental effect on nuclear maturation. However, it negatively affected cumulus cell viability and developmental competence. (Source: Theriogenology) Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3070182 Mon, 09 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3070182 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3372953&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09004099%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Various sources of variability in flow cytometric determination of cell concentration have previously been investigated with respect to andrologic applications. Although common aspects related to the variation between samples, variation between operators, and accuracy have been extensively studied, specific sources of false-count estimation have found less attention. In particular, a major and well-recognized source of misestimation of cell counts (i.e., contamination of the sample by non-sperm particles) has not to date been characterized in detail. We show here by means of original mathematical research that not only the cell counts but also the percentages of cells expressing different fluorescence patterns are affected by the presence of alien particles often neglected in stu... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3372953 Fri, 06 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3372953 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2950034&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09003689%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, best results are achieved when sperm are recovered from epididymides within 24h of cool storage and when they are equilibrated with glycerol during 120min before freezing. The current results should be useful in the further development of techniques for the rescue and cryostorage of epididymal spermatozoa of endangered felids. (Source: Theriogenology) Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2950034 Mon, 02 Nov 2009 15:54:57 +0100 2950034 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2950030&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09003628%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The aim of the study was to compare transrectal ultrasound with progesterone (P4) and pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAGs) as pregnancy detection methods for semidomesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) in field conditions. Female reindeer (n=195) were scanned transrectally by a 7.5-MHz linear array transducer, and blood was sampled either in December 2005 (n=33), December 2006 (n=92), or January 2007 (n=70) during early or mid gestation. Plasma levels of P4 and PAGs were assessed by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Based on calving records, the sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and the overall accuracy of the three tests were calculated. The overall calving rate calculated from the calving records was 86.2%. The overall accuracy of transrectal ultrasound was 99.... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2950030 Mon, 02 Nov 2009 15:54:57 +0100 2950030 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2950020&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09004245%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Theriogenology) Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2950020 Mon, 02 Nov 2009 15:54:55 +0100 2950020 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2950019&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09004221%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Theriogenology) Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2950019 Mon, 02 Nov 2009 15:54:55 +0100 2950019 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3124155&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X0900418X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The main objective of the current study was to evaluate the effects of extender type and centrifugation/washing prior to cryopreservation on the postthaw sperm parameters, lipid peroxidation, and superoxide dismutase activity of Angora buck (Capra hircus ancryrensis) sperm. Ejaculates collected from three Angora bucks were used in this study. Two consecutive ejaculates from each buck were pooled and split into equal parts in four Falcon tubes. Two tubes were diluted at 37°C and then centrifuged to remove semen plasma. After centrifugation, two sediment parts were diluted with a Tris-based extender and commercial Bioxcell extender, respectively. The remaining two parts, which were not centrifuged/washed, were diluted with the above-mentioned extenders, respectively. Diluted sampl... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3124155 Mon, 02 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3124155 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3124151&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09004130%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Evaluating cryoinjury of canine spermatozoa is crucial to improving the probability of fertilization. Recently, studies on sperm ROS production, phospholipid scrambling, and DNA damage induced by cryopreservation have been reported. However, the consequences of cryopreservation on these crucial factors are lacking with respect to canine semen. Therefore, the current study was designed to investigate the effects of the freezing-thawing procedure on these factors in canine semen. Ejaculates from five dogs were cryopreserved and thawed. Spermatozoa before and after a freezing-thawing process were assessed for phosphatidylserine (PS) translocation (Annexin V [AN]/propidium iodide [PI] assay), intracellular H2O2 level (dichlorofluorescein [DCF]/PI assay), DNA integrity (sperm chromati... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3124151 Mon, 02 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3124151 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3070189&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09004087%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The aim of this study was to use polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by amplifying DNA from bovine (Bos taurus) fetal cells recovered through uterine puncture and subsequent amniotic fluid aspiration and to compare the effectiveness of the PCR method with amniotic dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels in gender determination. Amniotic DHT levels between sexes were significantly higher in males than in females in all periods except the period 91 to 120 d. The differences among the amniotic DHT levels at different gestation periods (61 to 90, 91 to 120, 121 to 150, 151 to 180, 181 to 210 d) were not significant in females but were significant in males in the period 61 to 90 d compared with three other periods. Sensitivity was equal to 97.8% (95% CI=88.2% to 99.6%), and specificity was equal... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3070189 Mon, 02 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3070189 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3070188&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09004075%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Embryo loss between embryonic Days 7 and 16 (Day 0=day of IVF) in nonlactating cattle, Bos taurus, was analyzed using transfer of 2449 (in groups of 3 to 30) in vitro–produced (IVP) blastocysts. In 152 transfers, pregnancy losses attributable solely to recipient failings amounted to between 6% (beef heifers) and 16% (parous dairy cows), of which 3% were caused by uterine infections. Neither season, year, nor the age of the embryos on retrieval affected pregnancy rates. The latter observation indicated that the reason that a recipient failed to retain embryos was already present at the time of transfer. Notably, the proportion of embryos recovered decreased (P=0.03) as more embryos were transferred, particularly at later stages (Day 14, P (Source: Theriogenology) Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3070188 Mon, 02 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3070188 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3070186&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09004051%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Porcine (Sus scrofa domestica) uterine slices harvested during both early pregnancy and luteolysis produce steroid hormones. The aim of the present study was to determine (1) which porcine separated uterine cells secrete androgens: androstenedione (A4) and testosterone (T), and estradiol-17β (E2) in culture; (2) if the production of A4, T and E2 in the uterine cells is regulated by P4 and OT; (3) if uterine tissues expressed cytochrome P450arom gene (CYP19). Uteri were collected on Days 14 to 16 of early pregnancy and the estrous cycle. Enzymatically separated epithelial cells, stromal cells, and myocytes were cultured in vitro for 2, 6, and 12h with control medium, progesterone (P4; 10–5 M), oxytocin (OT; 10–7 M), and both hormones (P4+OT). The studied cells secreted A4, T,... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3070186 Mon, 02 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3070186 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3038956&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09004014%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The objectives of this study were to (1) investigate the in vitro development of marbled cat (MC; Pardofelis marmorata) and flat-headed cat (FC; Prionailurus planiceps) ig-NT embryos reconstructed from domestic cat (DC; Felis catus) oocytes (Experiment 1), (2) evaluate the effect of individual FC donor cell lines on NT success (Experiment 2), and (3) assess the developmental ability of FC-cloned and DC-IVF embryos in vitro and in vivo after oviductal transfer (Experiment 3). In Experiment 1, the morula rate of FC-reconstructed embryos was significantly higher than those of MC and DC embryos but lower than that of parthenogenic DC embryos. However, blastocyst rate was not different. In Experiment 2, FC-ig-NT embryos reconstructed from female muscular tissue had significantly higher morula r... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3038956 Mon, 02 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3038956 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3070184&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09004038%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The arrangement of the superficial facial veins enables blood flow from the nasal cavity into the peripheral circulation by two pathways: through the frontal vein into the cavernous sinus and through the facial vein into the external jugular vein. The current study was designed to determine whether estradiol and progesterone affect the vascular tone of the superficial veins of the nose and face in cycling gilts (Sus scrofa f. domestica) and to analyze the immunolocalization of progesterone receptors and estradiol receptors in these veins. The influence of hormones on vascular tension differed depending on the type of vessel and the phase of the estrous cycle. Estradiol decreased vascular tension in the nasal vein during the follicular phase (P (Source: Theriogenology) Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3070184 Fri, 30 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3070184 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3038954&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09003926%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The oviduct is a specialized organ responsible for the storage and the transport of male and female gametes. It also provides an optimal environment for final gamete maturation, fertilization, and early embryo development. Prostaglandin (PG) E2 is involved in many female reproductive functions, including ovulation, fertilization, implantation, and parturition. However, the control of its synthesis in the oviduct is not fully understood. Cyclooxygenases (COXs) are involved in the first step of the transformation of arachidonic acid to PGH2. The prostaglandin E synthases (PGESs) constitute a family of enzymes that catalyze the conversion of PGH2 to PGE2, the terminal step in the formation of this bioactive prostaglandin. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to determine the expressi... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3038954 Fri, 30 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3038954 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3070190&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09004117%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Biological samples, including cryopreserved sperm, are routinely X-rayed during air shipment. The goal was to investigate the impact of X-irradiation used for checked and carry-on luggage on bovine sperm chromatin integrity and postfertilization in vitro embryonic development. Frozen domestic bull sperm (Bos taurus) (n=9 bulls) stored in a dry shipper (−160°C) was screened by X-irradiation 0, 1, 2, and 3 times as either carry-on or checked luggage. Duplicate straws were thawed, and sperm were assessed for chromatin damage using the sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA) and by postfertilization in vitro developmental competence of mature oocytes. Multiple exposure to X-rays did not significantly affect sperm chromatin integrity assessed by SCSA. There were lower proportions of... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3070190 Wed, 28 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3070190 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3070177&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09003951%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, despite low survival rates and impaired development in the Vitrified group, meiotic competence, cytoplasmic maturation, and subsequent fertilization characteristics of surviving germinal vesicle oocytes were unaffected by vitrification, and high-quality blastocysts were produced from vitrified immature oocytes. (Source: Theriogenology) Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3070177 Wed, 28 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3070177 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3038946&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09003616%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: High-yield lactating does need effective estrus synchronization methods to improve their reproductive outcome by enhancing ovarian function. The aim of the current work was to analyze ovarian follicular and oocyte characteristics of hormonal and nonhormonal estrus synchronization regimes in primiparous lactating rabbit does (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in the early postpartum period (Day 11). Females were randomly treated with either (1) a hormonal standard treatment with 25 IU equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) 48h before artificial insemination (eCG group) or (2) an alternative nonhormonal treatment consisting of doe-litter separation 24h before artificial insemination (Bio group). No significant differences were found in serum estradiol and progesterone concentrations between expe... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3038946 Wed, 28 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3038946 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3124152&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09004142%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Spontaneous reduction of advanced twin embryos has been described in high-producing, Holstein-Fresian (Bos taurus) dairy herds. The first objective of the current study was to determine whether management and cow factors could have an effect on such a reduction in twin pregnancies during the early fetal period. Because loss of a corpus luteum was noted in cows suffering twin reduction, we expanded our study to include multiple-ovulating cows carrying singletons. Pregnancy was diagnosed and confirmed from Days 28 to 34 and 56 to 62 postinsemination. Sixty-nine (23.5%) of 293 pregnant cows with two corpora lutea carrying singletons and 132 (28.4%) of 464 twin pregnancies recorded on first pregnancy diagnosis subsequently lost one of the corpora lutea or one of the embryos, respecti... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3124152 Mon, 26 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3124152 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3070178&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09003963%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Similar to most wild felids, the ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) is an endangered species. However, knowledge regarding reproductive biology of the ocelot is very limited. Germ cell transplantation is an effective technique for investigating spermatogenesis and stem cell biology in mammals, and the morphologic characterization of germ cells and knowledge of cycle length are potential tools for tracking the development of transplanted germ cells. Our goal was to investigate basic aspects related to testis structure, particularly spermatogenesis, in the ocelot. Four adult males were used. After unilateral orchiectomy, testis samples were routinely prepared for histologic, stereologic, and autoradiographic analyses. Testis weight and the gonadosomatic index were 11±0.6g and 0.16±0.01%... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3070178 Mon, 26 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3070178 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3038955&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09003938%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The objective of this study was to determine (1) the influence of estradiol (E2) supplementation on meiotic resumption and the ability to “rescue” poorer quality (lower grade) oocytes and (2) the kinetics of oocyte nuclear maturation in vitro in the white-tailed deer. In Experiment 1, immature oocytes harvested during hunting-culling operations were cultured for 24h in the presence or absence of E2. Incubation in 1μg/mL E2 promoted nuclear maturation (to telophase I, TI; or to metaphase II, MII) in a higher proportion of Grade 1 oocytes (∼77%; P0.05) for E2 supplementation in reaching TI/MII. In Experiment 2, Grade 1 oocytes were cultured in the presence of E2 and nuclear status evaluated at 0, 3, 6, 12, and 24h of in vitro incubation. At 0h,>70% of oocytes already had undergone ger... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3038955 Mon, 26 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3038955 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3038953&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09003914%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The objective of this study was to determine the in vitro fertilizing capacity of bull sperm derived from fresh or frozen samples and subjected to sex sorting and re-cryopreservation. Four sperm types were assessed for their ability to fertilize and sustain early embryo development in vitro. Semen from three Bos taurus bulls of different breeds (Jersey, Holstein and Simmental) was collected and either sorted immediately and then frozen (SF) or frozen for later sorting. Frozen sperm destined for sorting were thawed, sex-sorted, and re-frozen (FSF) or thawed, sex-sorted (FS), and used immediately for in vitro fertilization (IVF). Frozen-thawed nonsorted semen from the same ejaculate was used as a control. Oocytes from donor cows were aspirated via ovum pick-up and matured in vitro prior to I... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3038953 Mon, 26 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3038953 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3038952&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09003902%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The purpose of this study was to develop effective strategies for cooling and cryopreservation of immature porcine testis tissue that maintain its developmental potential. Testes from 1-wk-old piglets (Sus domestica) were subjected to 1 of 12 cooling/cryopreservation protocols: as intact testes, cooling at 4°C for 24, 48, or 72h (Experiment 1); as fragments, programmed slow-freezing with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), glycerol, or ethylene glycol (Experiment 2); or solid-surface vitrification using DMSO, glycerol, or ethylene glycol, each using 5-, 15-, or 30-min cryoprotectant exposure times (Experiment 3). For testis tissue xenografting, four immunodeficient recipient mice were assigned to each protocol, and each mouse received eight grafts. Recipient mice were killed 16 wk after ... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3038952 Mon, 26 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3038952 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3038947&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X0900363X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Gene expression and immunohistochemical localization of epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α), and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) were compared between the endometrium of bitches (Canis familiaris) with pyometra accompanied by cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH) and that of healthy bitches at similar stages of the estrous cycle. In normal bitches, endometrial TGF-α mRNA levels were highest at proestrus and gradually decreased as the cycle progressed to anestrus. Epidermal growth factor receptor mRNA levels were not significantly affected by the stage of the estrous cycle. Epidermal growth factor mRNA levels were higher at Day 35 of diestrus than at other stages of the estrous cycle (P (Source: Theriogenology) Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3038947 Mon, 26 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3038947 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3070180&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09003987%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The objectives of this study were to derive a useful case definition of delayed resumption of ovarian activity, based on factors associated with reduced fertility, and to assess its impact on subsequent reproductive performance in Holstein cows (Bos taurus). Milk samples were collected twice weekly from 219 cows from four commercial herds, and whole-milk progesterone concentrations were determined with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Ovulation was considered to have occurred 5 d before the first rise of milk progesterone concentration above the basal level. Survival analysis was used to derive a case definition of delayed resumption of ovarian activity postpartum based on factors that were predictive of reduced pregnancy rate. First postpartum ovulation occurring beyond 35 d postpart... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3070180 Mon, 19 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3070180 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3070179&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09003975%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The objectives of this field study, therefore, were to determine the proportions of cows with spontaneous clinical recovery or persistence of postpartum endometritis and to determine some risk factors for its persistency in dairy cows (Bos taurus). Holstein-Friesian cows (n=441 lactations) from seven dairy herds were examined monthly by vaginoscopy and transrectal palpation. A cow was considered to have “postpartum endometritis” if it had pus in the cervico-vaginal discharge at the first postpartum examination during Days 15 to 60 (Day 0=day of calving); this was classified as mild, mucopurulent, or purulent endometritis, or endometritis with fluid in uterus. Furthermore, a cow with evidence of endometritis at least once during Days 61 to 150 was considered to have “persistence (or r... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3070179 Mon, 19 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3070179 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3038957&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09003744%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, we demonstrated that real-time in vivo BLI analysis can be used to noninvasively (in vivo) monitor long-term luciferase expression in mouse testis, and we verified that EGFP expression is localized in seminiferous tubules after bicistronic LV-mediated gene transfer into mouse testes. Furthermore, we anticipate the future use of in vivo BLI technology for real-time study of specific genes involved in spermatogenesis. (Source: Theriogenology) Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3038957 Mon, 19 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3038957 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3038951&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09003896%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, reprogramming of miRNAs seemed to occur in cloned bovine embryos. This could have profound implications for elucidating nuclear reprogramming in somatic cloning, as well as for the role of miRNAs in preimplantation mammalian development. (Source: Theriogenology) Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3038951 Mon, 19 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3038951 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3070176&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X0900394X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), used for producing polyvinyl chloride (PVC), acts as an endocrine disruptor with toxic effects on reproductive and developmental processes. Exposure to DEHP in humans is mainly by environment and food. Thus, our aim was to determine plasma levels in livestock animals using the ewe (Ovis aries) as a model. In a first trial, 150 samples from ewes of different ages (2 to 7 yr) and reproductive status (pregnant and nonpregnant) were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). DEHP was detected in 34.7% of the samples, with a mean level of 0.45±0.01μg/mL (range, 0.05 to 2.81μg/mL). The percentage of nonpregnant animals with DEHP traces was higher in animals older than 4 yr (n=66, 37.9%) than in younger animals (n=69, ... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3070176 Thu, 15 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3070176 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3038943&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09003392%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The aim of the current study was to assess the effect of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I; 100 ng/mL) on buffalo (Bubalus Bubalis) sperm functional parameters related to in vitro fertilization. The acrosin activity (the mean diameter of halo formation in micrometers) was significantly higher in the IGF-I group (14.17 ± 1.51) compared with that in the control group (9.50±0.36) at 2h incubation. The mitochondrial membrane potential (per cent) was significantly higher in the IGF-I group compared with that in the control group at 30min (33.27±2.62 vs. 26.71±1.02), 60min (24.24±3.45 vs. 18.77±2.09), and 90min (22.86±3.02 vs. 16.92±1.24) incubation. The percentage of spermatozoa positive for sperm nuclear chromatin decondensation (NCD) differed significantly between the grou... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3038943 Thu, 15 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3038943 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3038948&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09003653%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The objectives of this study were to (1) characterize the photonic properties of Escherichia coli-Xen14 and (2) conduct photonic imaging of E. coli-Xen14 within bovine reproductive tract segments (RTS) ex vivo (Bos indicus). E. coli-Xen14 was grown for 24h in Luria Bertani medium (LB), with or without kanamycin (KAN). Every 24h, for an 8-d interval, inoculums were imaged and photonic emissions (PE) collected. Inoculums were subcultured and plated daily to determine the colony forming units (CFU) and ratio of photon emitters to nonemitters. In the second objective, abattoir-derived bovine reproductive tracts (n=9) were separated into posterior and anterior vagina, cervix, uterine body, and uterine horns. Two concentrations (3.2×108 and 3.2×106 CFU/200μL for relative [High] and [Low], res... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3038948 Mon, 12 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3038948 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3038944&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09003409%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Information on the pituitary-ovarian axis in dogs with a granulosa cell tumor (GCT) is lacking. Therefore, we investigated the plasma concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) and estradiol before and after gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) administration in seven bitches with a functional GCT (GCT-total), of which three were intact (GCT-intact) and four had remnant ovarian tissue (GCT-ROT). The results of the GnRH stimulation test were compared with those in six anestrous and six ovariectomized bitches. The most noteworthy results were as follows. The basal plasma LH concentrations of the GCT-ROT bitches were higher (P (Source: Theriogenology) Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3038944 Mon, 12 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3038944 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3038945&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09003422%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Fifteen longitudinally reared Nili-Ravi buffalo bulls (Bubalus bubalis) were slaughtered at 1, 6, 12, 18, and 24 mo of age (n=3 per group) to observe testicular development and to examine qualitatively the establishment of spermatogenesis. With the age held constant, scrotal circumference and testes weight were correlated (0.95; P (Source: Theriogenology) Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3038945 Thu, 08 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3038945 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2861580&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09003379%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study was designed to describe the follicular population present on the canine ovary (Canis familiaris) during the preovulatory period and essentially the changes in oocyte size, mucification, and chromatin configuration occurring from before the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge up to postovulation. In a first experiment, ovaries of beagle bitches were collected before (n=21) or after LH surge but before ovulation (post-LH surge/preovulation stage, n=24) as determined using hormone (LH, estradiol, progesterone) assays and ultrasonography. All large (>2mm) follicles were measured and punctured. The numbers of oocytes collected per follicle and the degree of cumulus mucification were recorded. In a second experiment, ovaries were similarly collected before (n=13) and after the LH surge bu... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2861580 Mon, 05 Oct 2009 18:11:46 +0100 2861580 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2861574&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09003136%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The objective of this study was to determine the effects of progesterone and cloprostenol (a PGF2α analogue) on ovarian follicular development and ovulation in prepubertal heifers. In Experiment 1, crossbred Hereford heifers (Bos taurus; 10 to 12 mo old, 255 to 320kg) were assigned randomly to three groups and given (1) an intravaginal progesterone-releasing insert (CIDR; P group, n=13); (2) a CIDR plus 500μg cloprostenol im (PGF2α analogue) at CIDR removal (PPG group, n=11); or (3) no treatment (control group, n=14). The CIDR inserts were removed 5 d after follicular wave emergence. Progesterone-treated heifers (P and PPG groups) had a larger dominant follicle than that of the control group (P=0.01). The percentage ovulating was highest in the PPG group (8 of 11, 73%), intermediate in ... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2861574 Mon, 05 Oct 2009 18:11:45 +0100 2861574 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2861568&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09003793%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Theriogenology) Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2861568 Mon, 05 Oct 2009 18:11:44 +0100 2861568 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2861567&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X0900377X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Theriogenology) Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2861567 Mon, 05 Oct 2009 18:11:44 +0100 2861567 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3038958&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09002027%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstracts published in Theriogenology 70:8:2008 “Proceedings of the VIth International Conference on Boar Semen Preservation.” There was an Abstract which was inadvertently omitted from the above issue. The Abstract is printed below. (Source: Theriogenology) Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3038958 Mon, 05 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3038958 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2950027&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09003586%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The influences of nutritional protein and energy during early and mid pregnancy on milk production and postpartum reproductive parameters were determined in 70 beef heifers of two composite breeds (Bos indicus X Bos taurus). At artificial insemination (AI), heifers were divided into four dietary treatment groups identified by the level of protein, and to a lesser extent energy, fed during the first and second trimesters: high/high (HH), high/low (HL), low/high (LH), and low/low (LL). Milk production was lower in the heifers receiving high treatment in first trimester than that in heifers receiving the low treatment (P=0.01). Milk production was negatively associated with dam body condition score (BCS; P=0.01), nonesterified fatty acids (P=0.001), and leptin (P=0.02) and positivel... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2950027 Mon, 05 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2950027 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3038950&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09003720%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The objective of this study was to analyze in vitro the interaction between T. fetus and bovine sperm and to evaluate the effect of extracellular products secreted by the parasite on these reproductive cells. Sperm from five fertile bulls (Bos taurus taurus, Holstein-Friesian), selected through a Percoll gradient, adhered to T. fetus after 30min of interaction, resulting in agglutination between the two kinds of cells. Based on reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), T. fetus continuously expressed its gene for cysteine peptidase in the presence or absence of sperm. Computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) revealed that, after 1h incubation of sperm in T. fetus culture extract, the extracellular products secreted by the parasite decreased sperm progressive motility (P (S... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3038950 Mon, 28 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3038950 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2950026&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09003574%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The most probable reason for persistent postbreeding endometritis in mares is weak myometrial contractility. The influence of oxytocin (OT; an ecbolic agent) and flunixin meglumine (FLU; a prostaglandin inhibitor serving as a model for mares with decreased uterine contractility) on uterine response to artificial insemination (AI) was studied in mares with no history of reproductive failure. The mares were treated intravenously with 10mL saline (Group C, n=10) or 0.01 IU/kg OT (Group OT, n=10) 2, 4, 8, and 25h after AI. Group FLU (n=11) was treated with 1.1mg/kg FLU 2h after AI and with saline thereafter. The mares received the same treatments in the first and third cycles but were sampled either at 8 or 25h. The amount of intrauterine fluid (IUF) and edema and the number of uteri... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2950026 Mon, 28 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2950026 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2950032&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09003665%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Sperm quality seems to be one of the reasons for the reproduction constraints faced by Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) aquaculturists. Previous studies in this species indicated that the sperm quality of individuals kept in culture varies throughout the year and that different sperm subpopulations can be identified in ejaculates according to the motility pattern of spermatozoa. Aiming to better understand factors affecting sole sperm quality in captivity, sperm of 11 males was assessed during the reproductive season using different parameters: motility characteristics using CASA analysis; cell plasma membrane resistance to seawater hyperosmolarity; DNA fragmentation with single-cell gel electrophoresis; and early apoptosis, labeled with Annexin-V FITC. Computer-assisted sper... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2950032 Fri, 25 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2950032 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2950031&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09003641%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The objective of this study was to determine the effects of low versus physiologic plasma progesterone concentrations during the ovulatory wave on fertility in cattle. Suckled beef cows (Bos taurus; n=129) and pubertal heifers (Bos taurus; n=150) at random stages of the estrous cycle were given a luteolytic dose of prostaglandin F2α (500μg cloprostenol; PGF) twice, 11 d apart. Ten days after the second PGF treatment, cattle were given estradiol benzoate im (1.5 and 1.0mg for cows and heifers, respectively) and a progesterone-releasing intravaginal device (Cue-Mate) with a single pod containing 0.78g progesterone (Day 0). Cattle in the low-progesterone group (n = 148) received a luteolytic dose of PGF on Day 0, whereas those in the high-progesterone (i.e., physiologic plasma concentration... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2950031 Fri, 25 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2950031 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2950021&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09003380%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The uterine condition of clinically normal postpartum Holstein-Friesian dairy cows (n = 45) was evaluated once weekly (Weeks 3 to 7) by endometrial cytology, vaginal mucus collection device (VMCD), vaginoscopy, and ultrasonography to establish a relationship with postpartum resumption of ovulatory cycles. The time of first detection of the corpus luteum (CL) by ultrasonography and plasma progesterone concentration ≥1 ng/mL was recorded. By 49 d postpartum, 78% of the cows (n=35) had resumed ovarian function (CL group), whereas the remainder (n=10) had no CL (NCL group). There was a positive correlation between VMCD score and presence of fluid in the uterus in cows with a CL (P (Source: Theriogenology) Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2950021 Fri, 25 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2950021 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2950036&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09003707%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The objective was to develop and test radioimmunoassays (RIAs) to measure fecal progestogens (P) and estrogens (E) to monitor ovarian activity in the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). Fecal samples were collected at least once a week for 20 mo from three peripubertal female bottlenose dolphins. Blood samples were collected at least once a month to compare serum and fecal steroid concentrations. Moreover, random fecal samples from three pregnant females, one lactating female, and one sexually mature female receiving oral altrenogest treatment were also collected. Fecal samples were collected behaviorally with a probe to avoid water contamination and extracted with petroleum ether (for P analysis) or diethyl ether (for E analysis). When possible, vaginal cytology and ovarian ultrasono... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2950036 Thu, 24 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2950036 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2950033&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09003677%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The association between use of hormone treatments to induce estrus and ovulation and the incidence of hemorrhagic anovulatory follicles (HAFs) was studied in a mixed population of mares (Equus caballus) during two breeding seasons in a commercial breeding clinic. Mares treated with cloprostenol (CLO) were more likely to develop HAFs than were mares with spontaneous cycles (P0.05) from that of mares with ovulatory cycles (10.5±1.5 yr). (Source: Theriogenology) Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2950033 Thu, 24 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2950033 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2950035&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09003690%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study was designed to detect the excretion in semen of CA-causing mycoplasmas in goats (Capra hircus) reared in Spain, where the disease is considered endemic. Culture techniques and PCR were conducted on 147 semen samples collected from 113 goat bucks to detect mycoplasmas. No animal showed clinical symptoms of CA at the moment of the screening. M. agalactiae was identified using both diagnostic methods in three semen samples collected from three different bucks. These animals belonged to a group of animals in which semen had been analyzed twice and only the second sample proved positive, suggesting the possibility of intermittent excretion. This is the first report of the isolation of M. agalactiae from semen collected from naturally infected goats. Future studies should investigate... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2950035 Wed, 23 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2950035 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2950025&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09003562%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence and timing of lactational estrus in an organic outdoor system based on ad libitum feeding, individual housing until Day 35 in lactation, followed by grouping and introduction of a boar and weaning of piglets after 8 wk. Five groups with four sows ((Danish Yorkshire×Danish Landrace)×Danish Duroc) in each were observed, and rank was determined by a food competition test. All sows showed lactational estrus, and 84% of these sows showed estrus within 1 wk, on average 43.5 d and 7.3 d after farrowing and boar introduction, respectively. The number of days from boar introduction to estrus increased significantly with increasing feed competition rank (the lowest number being the top rank position). Eighty-four percent of all sows wer... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2950025 Wed, 23 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2950025 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2861583&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09003185%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: A new naturally occurring mutation in the fecundity gene BMP15 in the Rasa Aragonesa sheep breed (Ovis aries) has been found to affect prolificacy. This mutation (FecXR allele) is a deletion of 17 base pairs that leads to an altered amino acid sequence, and this alteration increases prolificacy in heterozygous ewes but causes sterility in homozygous ewes. Selection of repository lambs with the FecXR allele increases rates of twins and multiple lambing and thereby also increases the probability of lambing freemartins that will become sterile. In this sense, an accurate, reliable, and quick method was developed by duplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for sex, amplifying an ovine-specific Y chromosome repetitive fragment, and BMP15 genotype determination in replacement ewe lambs. ... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2861583 Tue, 22 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2861583 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2950029&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09003604%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, dilution of collected sperm in MIS solution (to have a final concentration of 6.5×106 to 8×106/mL) containing 5% DMSO and 73 mmol/L sucrose, freezing in a vapor of liquid nitrogen at 10cm above the surface, and thawing at room temperature for 40sec was the best cryopreservation protocol. This protocol gave 70% hatching rate, 80% motility rate, and 75% viability rate of fresh hormonally induced sperm. (Source: Theriogenology) Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2950029 Tue, 22 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2950029 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2950028&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09003598%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: It was the aim of the current study to investigate effects of seminal plasma on the chromatin structure of frozen-thawed canine (Canis lupus familiaris) spermatozoa. A total of 20 ejaculates were collected. Ejaculates were divided, and one half was centrifuged for removal of seminal plasma (c) while the other was left uncentrifuged (nc) before cryopreservation. This was performed according to the Uppsala system in a computerized freezing machine. Before freezing (bf) and after thawing (at), samples were investigated for motility (M), viability (CASA), and chromatin status (sperm chromatin structure assay; SCSA). Before freezing, the average DFI% and the SD-DFI from 20 nc ejaculates were 1.7±4.0% and 18.6±1.2, respectively. After thawing, all motility parameters decreased and we... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2950028 Tue, 22 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2950028 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2950022&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09003446%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: A simple and efficient method for producing multitransgenic animals is required for medical and veterinary applications. Sperm-mediated gene transfer (SMGT) is an effective method for introducing multiple genes into pigs (Sus, Sus scrofa). The major benefits of this technique are the high efficiency, low cost, and ease of use compared with that of other methods: Sperm-mediated gene transfer does not require embryo handling or expensive equipment. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of SMGT treatment and exogenous DNA uptake on sperm quality. Even after a coincubation with a 20-fold larger amount (100μg/mL) of DNA than usual (5μg/mL), sperm quality parameters were not significantly affected, confirming the hypothesis that the SMGT protocol itself or the amount... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2950022 Tue, 22 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2950022 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2861581&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09003410%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between lipid composition of bovine serum and seminal plasma, seasonality, and semen quality. The experiment was carried out in two groups of Simmental breeding bulls: Group I (ages 2 to 4 yr) and Group II (ages 5 to 10 yr). Blood samples were collected from jugular vein, and bovine semen was sampled with an artificial vagina once per season. Serum concentrations of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triacylglycerols, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs), and lipoprotein electrophoretic patterns were determined. Seminal plasma concentrations of total cholesterol, HDL-C, and LDL-C were assayed. Serum concentration of triacylglycerols in young bulls was ... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2861581 Mon, 21 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2861581 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2861582&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09003434%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, the presence of the human α1,2-fucosyltransferase gene in the genome of TG boars did not cause any spermatogenesis process disturbances leading to the increased production of apoptotic spermatozoa. Moreover, the low level of sperm with damaged chromatin in TG boars confirms the high stability of the spermatogenesis process in the TG boars analyzed. (Source: Theriogenology) Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2861582 Thu, 17 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2861582 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2861578&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09003197%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Epigenetic aberrancies likely preclude correct and complete nuclear reprogramming after somatic cell nucleus transfer (SCNT) and may underlie the observed reduced viability of cloned embryos. In the current study, we tested the effects of the histone deacetylase-inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) on preimplantation development and on histone acetylation and the gene expression of nucleus transfer (NT) porcine (Sus scrofa) embryos. Our results showed that 5nM TSA for 26h after reconstitution resulted in embryos (NTTSA) that reached the blastocyst stage at a higher level (48.1% vs. 20.2%) and increased number of cells (105.0 vs. 75.3) than that of the control (NTC) embryos. In addition, and unlike the NTC embryos, the treated embryos displayed a global acetylated histone H4 at lysine 8... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2861578 Thu, 17 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2861578 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2803062&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09003495%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Theriogenology) Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2803062 Thu, 17 Sep 2009 17:34:25 +0100 2803062 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2803061&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09003471%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Theriogenology) Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2803061 Thu, 17 Sep 2009 17:34:25 +0100 2803061 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2950024&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09003550%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The objectives in this study were to investigate PGFM levels, presence of SIRS, and clinical and laboratory parameters in female cats as possible indicators for severity of uterine disease. In total, 7 female cats with pyometra, 2 with mucometra, 7 with cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH), and 14 healthy control cats were included. Physical examination, ovariohysterectomy, and histopathology were performed, laboratory parameters were analyzed, and PGFM levels were analyzed by radioimmunoassay. Analysis of variance, Fisher's exact test, Student's t-test and Pearson's product moment correlation coefficient were used for data analysis. In cats with pyometra, mean PGFM levels were increased (21.1nmolL−1) but were decreased in cats with CEH (0.4nmolL−1) compared with control cats (0.6nmolL... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2950024 Mon, 14 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2950024 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2861571&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09003069%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Information regarding the plasma hormone profiles of prostaglandins (PGs), cortisol (C), and progesterone (P4) during pathologic processes in newborn foals is scarce. The aim of this study was to determine the plasma concentrations of these hormones in diseased foals (n=40) and healthy at-term foals (n=24) (Equus caballus) during the first 2 weeks of life. Blood samples were collected daily, before any treatment with nonsteroidal drugs in diseased foals, and plasma was analyzed by radioimmunoassay. 15-Ketodihydro-PGF2α (PGM) was consistently higher in diseased foals than in healthy foals, probably related to roles of PGs in completing organ maturation and/or the presence of oxidative stress or inflammation. Similar trends were observed for C and P4. In diseased newborns, only PG... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2861571 Sun, 13 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2861571 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2861569&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09003021%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The aim of this work was to study the effects of dilution and centrifugation (i.e., two methods of reducing the influence of the seminal plasma) on the survival of spermatozoa and the structure of motile sperm cell subpopulations in refrigerated Catalonian donkey (Equus asinus) semen. Fifty ejaculates from nine Catalonian jackasses were collected. Gel-free semen was diluted 1:1, 1:5 or 1:10 with Kenney extender. Another sample of semen was diluted 1:5, centrifuged, and then resuspended with Kenney extender until a final dilution of 25×106 sperm/ml was achieved (C). After 24h, 48h or 72h of refrigerated storage at 5°C, aliquots of these semen samples were incubated at 37°C for 5min. The percentage of viable sperm was determined by staining with eosin-nigrosin. The motility char... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2861569 Thu, 10 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2861569 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2950023&cid=s_36106_50_f&fid=36106&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theriojournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0093691X09003549%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The penetration ability of boar (Sus scrofa domestica) spermatozoa exposed to viscous preparations under in vivo and in vitro fertilization conditions has been examined. Experiments involving induced ovulation in prepubertal animals and surgical insemination directly into the oviduct isthmus revealed an advantage of colloidal preparations. Based on within-animal comparisons, the incidence of penetration was 100% using both spermatozoa suspended in a viscous preparation of plant extracts and spermatozoa suspended in a control medium. However, percentages of monospermy were 22.2% in 54 oocytes inseminated with the control suspension compared with 62.5% in 48 oocytes inseminated with the colloidal preparation. An in vitro study involving 355 oocytes from slaughterhouse ovaries insem... Theriogenology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2950023 Thu, 10 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2950023