MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Transcultural Psychiatry' source. Fri, 19 Feb 2010 16:51:25 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3111135&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F46%2F4%2F704%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3111135 Mon, 21 Dec 2009 14:16:27 +0100 3111135 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3111134&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F46%2F4%2F702%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3111134 Mon, 21 Dec 2009 14:16:26 +0100 3111134 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3111133&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F46%2F4%2F701%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3111133 Mon, 21 Dec 2009 14:16:26 +0100 3111133 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3111132&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F46%2F4%2F699%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3111132 Mon, 21 Dec 2009 14:16:26 +0100 3111132 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3111131&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F46%2F4%2F697%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3111131 Mon, 21 Dec 2009 14:16:26 +0100 3111131 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3111130&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F46%2F4%2F695%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3111130 Mon, 21 Dec 2009 14:16:26 +0100 3111130 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3111129&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F46%2F4%2F672%3Frss%3D1 Egyptian society is engaged in a culture-wide debate over definitions of abnormality, local constructions of which are rooted in ideas about the body and the soul in relation to society as a whole. This is reflected in the continuing recourse to religious healers or texts, as well as in heated debates over the moral, social, religious and legal status of religious healers, in particular the relatively recent and more orthodox "Qur’anic healers." The present study used a primarily qualitative analysis of Egyptian newspaper articles to explore media portrayals of this debate with a focus on how these contradictory cultural themes are situated and contested. The results show that psychiatric hegemony is reflected in media language that gives primacy to certain discourses over others, bu... Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3111129 Mon, 21 Dec 2009 14:16:26 +0100 3111129 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3111128&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F46%2F4%2F651%3Frss%3D1 This article describes obstacles to the rational use of psychiatric drugs in a 1000-bed institution for people with intellectual disability employing the WHO framework for rationality. Quantitative data were collected from 98 charts and qualitative data from 14 individuals in this case study. Eight-three percent of patients were taking psychiatric medications, even though 67% of these had no psychiatric diagnosis. Antipsychotics were the first-order treatment; antidepressants were rarely prescribed. These prescribing patterns are influenced by institutional culture, including an emic construct of retardation as a form of psychosis. Low staff-to-patient ratios, a lack of non-medical treatments, and the hospitalization of patients for social reasons also contribute to medication misuse. (Sou... Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3111128 Mon, 21 Dec 2009 14:16:26 +0100 3111128 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3111127&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F46%2F4%2F642%3Frss%3D1 Facial expressions are significant to decipher information during a dialogue and more so in a clinical consultation. Veils (Niqab) worn by Muslim women may pose a clinical dilemma for the psychiatric assessment especially if clinicians are not aware of their religious significance. To investigate whether clinical judgment is affected if full facial expressions are not accessible, we conducted an email survey of psychiatrists and psychologists across the world who frequently work in these situations. Of 25 colleagues contacted 16 responded and 11 of them agreed for their comments to be included in the study. Nine out of 11 believed clinical assessment may be compromised, although respondents were aware of cultural sensitivity around the issue. Two out of 11 however, felt fully able to asses... Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3111127 Mon, 21 Dec 2009 14:16:26 +0100 3111127 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3111126&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F46%2F4%2F623%3Frss%3D1 Data from the Canadian Community Health Survey Cycle 1.1 showed that Chinese immigrants to Canada and Chinese individuals born in Canada were less likely than other Canadians to have contacted a health professional for mental health reasons in the previous year in the province of British Columbia. The difference persisted among individuals at moderate to high risk for depressive episode. Both immigrant and Canadian-born Chinese showed similar characteristics of mental health service use. The demographic and health factors that significantly affected their likelihood to consult mental health services included Chinese language ability, restriction in daily activities, frequency of medical consultations, and depression score. Notwithstanding lower levels of mental illness in ethnic Chinese co... Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3111126 Mon, 21 Dec 2009 14:16:26 +0100 3111126 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3111125&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F46%2F4%2F608%3Frss%3D1 Acculturation to U.S. culture by Latinos and Asian Americans has been associated with increased prevalence of substance abuse. However, little is known about the association between acculturation and substance use among Arab Americans, or more specifically, among Arab-American treatment clients. In 156 Arab-American male treatment clients, we found that higher levels of U.S. acculturation were positively associated with increased prevalence of polysubstance abuse. This first report on a large series of Arab-American clients also found considerable within-group variability. These results can be used to develop treatment plans and work-force training on the importance of U.S. acculturation and variability within Arab Americans. (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3111125 Mon, 21 Dec 2009 14:16:26 +0100 3111125 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3111124&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F46%2F4%2F584%3Frss%3D1 The large and diverse bodies of literature on refugee child and adolescent mental health have not been matched by a commensurate interest in help-seeking. Most help-seeking research has centred on Western and, to a lesser extent, non-refugee ethnic minority adult populations. An emerging child and adolescent help-seeking literature consistently reports widespread underutilization of mental health services by children in the general population. Current research and opinion suggest a similar trend for refugee and other ethnic minority children. While service underutilization appears to be an issue for all children, those from refugee backgrounds may be at increased risk of mental health problems and have greater difficulty accessing mental health care. From a policy and practice perspective,... Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3111124 Mon, 21 Dec 2009 14:16:26 +0100 3111124 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3111123&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F46%2F4%2F539%3Frss%3D1 The Ryerson University Refugee Resettlement Project (RRP), a decade-long study of 1348 Southeast Asian refugees who came to Canada between 1979 and 1981, is one of the largest, most comprehensive and longest-lived investigations of refugee resettlement ever carried out. Knowledge gleaned from the RRP about research methodology, about the resettlement experience, about the social costs of resettling refugees, about factors that promote or hinder integration, about risk and protective factors for refugee mental health, and about the refugees’ consumption of mental health and social services is summarized in the form of 18 "Lessons." The lessons are offered in order to encourage and stimulate further research, as well to suggest policy and practice innovations that could help make reset... Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3111123 Mon, 21 Dec 2009 14:16:26 +0100 3111123 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2898769&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F46%2F3%2F531%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2898769 Fri, 16 Oct 2009 14:19:02 +0100 2898769 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2898768&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F46%2F3%2F528%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2898768 Fri, 16 Oct 2009 14:19:02 +0100 2898768 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2898767&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F46%2F3%2F526%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2898767 Fri, 16 Oct 2009 14:19:02 +0100 2898767 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2898766&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F46%2F3%2F524%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2898766 Fri, 16 Oct 2009 14:19:02 +0100 2898766 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2898765&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F46%2F3%2F506%3Frss%3D1 This article reviews some limitations of the current guideline for the DSM-IV-TR Cultural Formulation (CF) from the perspective of psychiatric practice that are based on the author’s experience conducting doctoral courses on cultural psychiatry from 1996 to 2007 in the Department of Psychiatry at the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (Spain). Two proposals are presented for facilitating use of the CF by general clinicians. These proposals offer a procedure for embedding only the most relevant clinical information in a psychiatric history, followed by a brief cultural formulation. The approach is illustrated with a clinical case. Although the CF has considerable promise for revealing knowledge about patients, health practices, and health systems that is essential for clinical care... Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2898765 Fri, 16 Oct 2009 14:19:02 +0100 2898765 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2898764&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F46%2F3%2F487%3Frss%3D1 This article discusses the experiences of mental health professionals who applied the Cultural Formulation (CF) of the DSM-IV for assessment of psychopathology and treatment needs of refugees in the Netherlands. The CF approach proved to be a useful tool in the assessment and diagnostic phase of clinical treatment. However, patients reported problems with defining their own culture and providing explanations of illness and therapists had difficulty identifying culturally-based difficulties in the clinical relationship. Additional information was needed about working with interpreters, therapists’ attitudes towards the culture of the patient and towards their own culture, patients’ previous experiences with discrimination and inaccessibility of care, gender issues, and specific ... Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2898764 Fri, 16 Oct 2009 14:19:02 +0100 2898764 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2898763&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F46%2F3%2F463%3Frss%3D1 Ataque de nervios (attack of nerves) is an idiom of distress generally thought of in relation to Caribbean Hispanics. The following case study discusses the presentation of ataque de nervios in a Colombian female. This case study provides insight into a different presentation of ataque de nervios in a new population that clinicians should be aware of in order to ensure accurate diagnosis. Ataque de nervios is a distinct syndrome that does not fully correspond with any single DSM-IV diagnosis. However, there is overlap between symptoms in this condition and those in conventional clinical diagnoses. Common problems in deriving an accurate differential diagnosis are discussed. Implications for treatment are also reviewed, with an emphasis on a comprehensive approach to treatment that supports... Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2898763 Fri, 16 Oct 2009 14:19:02 +0100 2898763 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2898762&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F46%2F3%2F451%3Frss%3D1 Although there are many ways to produce a cultural formulation that facilitates a culturally sensitive diagnosis and treatment for asylum seekers and refugees in mental health care, it is essential to gain trust and ‘recognize’ the patient. One way to achieve this recognition is through a cultural interview, in which cultural references of the health care provider and the patient are exchanged. This paper presents an example of such a process with a Somali migrant to the Netherlands, whose passivity and inactivity puzzled the psychiatrist. Gaining his trust and recognizing his cultural roots as a member of a Somali ethnic group revealed more about his motives, concepts and attitude. This example suggests the importance of cultural identity as a way to explore the meanings of th... Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2898762 Fri, 16 Oct 2009 14:19:02 +0100 2898762 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2898761&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F46%2F3%2F429%3Frss%3D1 The Cultural Formulation (CF) of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) provides a potential framework for improving the diagnostic assessment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in culturally diverse patients. We analyzed data from the Patient-Provider Encounter Study, a multi-site study that examines the process of diagnosis and clinical decision-making during an initial clinical intake session, in order to examine use of CF for PTSD diagnosis. We find that while the CF is generally used inconsistently or underutilized in routine community settings, when employed appropriately it may assist the formulation and interpretation of traumatic experiences. We discuss the implications for improving the assessment of PTSD in the time-limited setting of the clinical intake encounter and ... Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2898761 Fri, 16 Oct 2009 14:19:02 +0100 2898761 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2898760&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F46%2F3%2F406%3Frss%3D1 This article discusses the experience of adapting and applying the Outline for a Cultural Formulation in DSM-IV to the Swedish context. Findings from a research project on the Cultural Formulation highlight the value of combining psychiatric nosological categorization with an understanding of patients’ cultural life context in order to increase the validity of categorization and to formulate individualized treatment plans. In clinical care practitioners need models and tools that help them take into account patients’ cultural backgrounds, needs, and resources in psychiatric diagnostic practice. We present a summary of a Swedish manual for conducting a Cultural Formulation interview. The need for further development of the Cultural Formulation is also discussed. (Source: Transcu... Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2898760 Fri, 16 Oct 2009 14:19:02 +0100 2898760 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2898759&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F46%2F3%2F383%3Frss%3D1 This article offers a practical approach to preparing a Cultural Formulation as a component of culturally competent clinical care. We summarize the rationale for the four sections of the CF, describe the process of conducting culturally focused clinical interviews, and present examples of questions or lines of inquiry that can be used to collect the information needed to construct the CF. An online supplement provides case examples of cultural formulations applied to patients seen in the US. (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2898759 Fri, 16 Oct 2009 14:19:02 +0100 2898759 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2898758&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F46%2F3%2F379%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2898758 Fri, 16 Oct 2009 14:19:02 +0100 2898758 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2509315&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F46%2F2%2F375%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2509315 Wed, 17 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2509315 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2509314&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F46%2F2%2F372%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2509314 Wed, 17 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2509314 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2509313&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F46%2F2%2F369%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2509313 Wed, 17 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2509313 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2509312&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F46%2F2%2F367%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2509312 Wed, 17 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2509312 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2509311&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F46%2F2%2F365%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2509311 Wed, 17 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2509311 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2509310&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F46%2F2%2F348%3Frss%3D1 This article considers whether his methods and writing might indeed correspond to what we recognise as the procedures of medical or psychiatric anthropology. (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2509310 Wed, 17 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2509310 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2509309&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F46%2F2%2F340%3Frss%3D1 This article describes the reasons for referral and clinical characteristics of a sample of 49 children (37 males and 12 females) diagnosed with an autistic spectrum disorder at a tertiary referral center in Saudi Arabia. The diagnosis of autism was based on DSM-IV criteria supplemented by information obtained from parent and child interviews, rating scales, and examination of school and hospital records. Females were older than males at the time of referral. Eleven patients had a history of seizure disorder and one patient had a chromosome abnormality. Twenty-five patients were taking psychotropic medications and 14 patients were the product of consanguineous marriages. Clinical and research implications of these findings are discussed. (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2509309 Wed, 17 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2509309 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2509308&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F46%2F2%2F328%3Frss%3D1 Quality of life is defined by indicators that measure the life patterns of a person or community in relation to an ideal model. Leisure is an important component of quality of life and a tool for rehabilitation for patients with chronic psychosis. This qualitative study evaluated the role of leisure in the life of patients living with psychosis. Interviews with patients and relatives indicate that sociability is an important value for both groups. Deeper analysis, however, indicates that sociability is a culturally learned concept for patients and does not relate to their real needs. Improvement of symptoms and respect of individuality are more central to their well-being. (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2509308 Wed, 17 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2509308 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2509307&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F46%2F2%2F316%3Frss%3D1 Italy's recent economic growth and strategic position in the Mediterranean Sea have made it a prime destination for immigrants and asylum seekers in Europe. Despite its well-developed health care system, statistics on foreign citizens' health are worrisome. In 1998 public health services were extended to illegal immigrants, giving them the right to necessary urgent and non-urgent medical assistance, even for a prolonged period. This paper examines a two-year joint intervention project between Centre for the Study and Research of Public Health (Mental Health), Local Health Agency ROMA E (LHA RME) and the non-governmental organization Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) in Rome. (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2509307 Wed, 17 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2509307 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2509306&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F46%2F2%2F300%3Frss%3D1 Sudan has long been one of the world's chief refugee-producing nations. Many researchers and practitioners have developed considerable interest in culturally-specific information on the mental health and wellbeing of Sudanese refugees. In this selective review of studies with Sudanese refugees, on mental health and psychosocial wellbeing, coping strategies and interventions, most quantitative studies found high rates of psychopathology, particularly PTSD and depression. However, some studies using mixed methods cautioned that while many Sudanese refugees have symptoms of traumatic stress, their functioning was not necessarily reduced, and they themselves often reported more concern with current stressors such as family problems than with past trauma. Some qualitative studies suggest that m... Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2509306 Wed, 17 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2509306 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2509305&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F46%2F2%2F285%3Frss%3D1 This article outlines research on a previous unstudied form of suffering specific to the Portugese immigrant community: problemas de nervos. Thirty-two Portuguese immigrant women (in Waterloo, ON and Boston, MA) were interviewed and each completed a questionnaire. Cluster analysis demonstrated that problemas de nervos has many meanings. The study profiled symptoms, causes and therapies associated with four variations of this culture-specific form of distress: "mal da cabeca" meaning problems with/in the head (e.g., lack of control, visions); " aflição" meaning affliction (e.g., nervous attacks, heart problems); immigration stress (causing sleep disturbances); and, conflicts with others (resulting in pressure within the body). None of the symptom clusters reported matched crit... Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2509305 Wed, 17 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2509305 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2509304&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F46%2F2%2F257%3Frss%3D1 Three case studies of immigrants to the US from China, Iraq, and Mexico were used to build a theory of acculturation in immigrants by integrating the continuing bonds model, which describes mourning in bereavement with the assimilation model, which describes psychological change in psychotherapy. Participants were interviewed about the loss of their native culture and their life in the US. One participant had not fully assimilated the loss of her native culture, but used her continuing bonds with her culture as a source of solace. Another participant used his continuing bonds with his culture as a source of solace, but these bonds had become a source of conflict with the host culture. The third participant had largely assimilated the loss of his native culture such that the voices of this ... Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2509304 Wed, 17 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2509304 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2509303&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F46%2F2%2F238%3Frss%3D1 In this study we used a previously developed rapid ethnographic assessment method to explore local perceptions of mental health problems among children and adults from the Acholi ethnic group displaced by the war in northern Uganda. We conducted 45 free list interviews and 57 key informant interviews. The rapid assessment approach appears to have worked well for interviewing caretakers and children aged 10—17 years. We describe several locally defined syndromes: two tam/par/kumu (depression and dysthymia-like syndromes), ma lwor (a mixed anxiety and depression-like syndrome), and a category of conduct problems referred to as kwo maraco/gin lugero. The descriptions of these local syndromes were similar to western mood, anxiety and conduct disorders, but included culturespecific elemen... Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2509303 Wed, 17 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2509303 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2509302&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F46%2F2%2F219%3Frss%3D1 This study examined the validity and utility of PTSD among 320 adults in Afghanistan. Findings support the validity of PTSD in this cultural context: PTSD symptoms were highly prevalent, shared common variance, and correlated as expected with exposure to traumatic stress. However, only limited support was found for the clinical utility of PTSD. Other types of psychiatric symptomatology, including depression and a culturally specific measure of general distress, correlated more highly with traumatic stress than did PTSD; and PTSD accounted for limited variance in functioning beyond that explained by depression and general distress. Implications for research and intervention are considered. (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2509302 Wed, 17 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2509302 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2275380&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F46%2F1%2F216%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2275380 Tue, 17 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2275380 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2275379&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F46%2F1%2F214%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2275379 Tue, 17 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2275379 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2275378&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F46%2F1%2F212%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2275378 Tue, 17 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2275378 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2275377&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F46%2F1%2F210%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2275377 Tue, 17 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2275377 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2275376&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F46%2F1%2F207%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2275376 Tue, 17 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2275376 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2275375&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F46%2F1%2F180%3Frss%3D1 This article discusses the two major groups of Alzheimer medications, which are hotly debated in the specialized literature because of their doubtful efficacy. Examining this issue under the rubric of an `anthropology of uncertainty,' this article seeks to address the question: how do doctors prescribe medications given tensions created by uncertainty? A partial answer is drawn from research conducted in Brazil with local psychogeriatricians, which has documented a high degree of certainty regarding Alzheimer drugs and their benefits. I argue that one reason for this certainty is that `efficacy' has become increasingly non-specific in Alzheimer's disease through the broadening of outcome measures in clinical trials. While such measures previously focused on cognitive symptoms, they now enc... Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2275375 Tue, 17 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2275375 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2275374&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F46%2F1%2F157%3Frss%3D1 This article reports the exploratory findings of semi-structured and open-ended interviews carried out with 20 adolescents diagnosed with one or more psychiatric disorders, and who were currently prescribed psychiatric medications. Grounded theory coding procedures were used to identify themes related to adolescent subjective experience with psychiatric medications. The categories identified are interpreted as different points of view through which adolescents understand and take action upon their illness concerns; their need for medication treatment; their perceptions of how medications work; their responses to parental and other influences upon medication treatment; and, their everyday management activities. (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2275374 Tue, 17 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2275374 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2275373&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F46%2F1%2F131%3Frss%3D1 This article outlines a new social reality of global psycho-pharmaceutical prescribing: the pharmaceutical family, or `phamily.' Ethnographic case studies from Manitoba, Canada (2002 to 2004) show how pharmaceutical emplotment, involving a synergy between cultural and drug scripts, can have uncanny consequences for vulnerable groups, such as Aboriginal children. Observations and interview transcripts of high prescribing doctors are analyzed to understand the prescribing logic of using psychoactive medication, such as methylphenidate, in young Aboriginal children diagnosed with FASD and/or ADHD. Pharmaceutical narratives are presented in order to show how non-compliance to psychotropic prescribing can further marginalize Aboriginal children and is related to the history of colonial practice... Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2275373 Tue, 17 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2275373 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2275372&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F46%2F1%2F107%3Frss%3D1 This article describes an aspect of the progressive insertion of commercial interests into the relationship between patients and their clinicians, with particular reference to psychiatry. Treatment noncompliance, a long-standing problem for healthcare professionals, has lately drawn the attention of the pharmaceutical and allied industries as a site at which to improve return on investment (ROI). Newly founded corporate `compliance departments' and specialized consultancies that regard noncompliance as a form of marketing failure are seeking to rectify it with reinvigorated models and strategies. This intervention stands to impact patients' experience of illness as well as the participation of those formally (physicians, case managers, etc.) and informally (family, friends, etc.) involved ... Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2275372 Tue, 17 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2275372 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2275371&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F46%2F1%2F86%3Frss%3D1 Antidepressant uses have been rising rapidly over the past decades. Two main theories have been advanced to explain this. One claims that socio-economic change causes a global rise of depressive illness. The other holds that European and North American corporations are aggressively marketing antidepressants to expand their global reach. Both theories assume that multinational capitalism drives rising depression rates. Based on ethnographic data from India, this article shows that antidepressants are increasingly used in this country as well, but for reasons than have been little explored yet. Taking fluoxetine (Prozac) as the main example, it is argued that the spread of antidepressants in India is `unlicensed' by Euro-American corporations in at least three ways: (i) drug marketing is dri... Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2275371 Tue, 17 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2275371 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2275370&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F46%2F1%2F60%3Frss%3D1 India's National Mental Health Program (NMHP) was initiated in 1982 with the objective of promoting community participation and accessible mental health services. A key component involves central government calculation and funding for psychotropic medication. Based on clinical ethnography of a community psychiatry program in north India, this article traces the biosocial journey of psychotropic pills from the centre to the periphery. As the pill journeys from the Ministry of Health to the clinic, its symbolic meaning transforms from an emphasis on accessibility and participation to the administration of a discrete `treatment.' Instead of embodying participation and access, the pill achieves the opposite: silencing community voices, re-enforcing existing barriers to care, and relying on pha... Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2275370 Tue, 17 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2275370 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2275369&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F46%2F1%2F38%3Frss%3D1 Despite the remarkably widespread use of the new generation of antidepressants, almost everything we know about their effects comes from animal studies and clinical trials in which the sole parameter of interest is depressive symptomatology. Almost nothing is known about the effects that antidepressants have on cognition, affect, or motivation when used over a period of months or years. Nor do we understand what effects, if any, antidepressants have on what we think of as the self. In this article, we argue that neither psychiatry nor philosophy, in their current state, are well equipped to think about these issues. In order to explore this idea, we consider the neurobiology of romantic love and its relation to antidepressant neurochemistry. This case study, we suggest, supports the view t... Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2275369 Tue, 17 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2275369 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2275368&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F46%2F1%2F16%3Frss%3D1 This article considers the dominance that randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of psychotropic agents currently have in relation to the practice of psychiatry in mental health and primary care settings. In contemporary psychiatry, data of marginal significance based on rating scale measures are privileged as evidence that treatments are effective, while judgments of drug effects based on clinical practice are downgraded. The dominance of RCTs has also led to an increasing promotion of rating scales in clinical practice, described here as `rating scale mongering.' The logical consequence of current interpretations of RCT data is that clinicians should adhere to guidelines which are based on a systematic assembly of such data, but the selective publication of trial data and ghostwriting of pu... Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2275368 Tue, 17 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2275368 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2275367&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F46%2F1%2F5%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2275367 Tue, 17 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2275367 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2044394&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F45%2F4%2F712%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2044394 Wed, 17 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2044394 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2044393&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F45%2F4%2F708-a%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2044393 Wed, 17 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2044393 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2044392&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F45%2F4%2F708%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2044392 Wed, 17 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2044392 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2044391&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F45%2F4%2F705%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2044391 Wed, 17 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2044391 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2044390&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F45%2F4%2F695%3Frss%3D1 This article describes a case of koro-like symptoms from Oman associated with alcohol withdrawal and illustrates how the socio-cultural practices of Ramadan-fasting affected the patterning and timing of presentation of severe alcohol withdrawal symptoms. The patient was severely distressed by the delusion that his penis had been amputated. The acute anxiety involving this delusion appears to be conceptually and phenomenologically similar to koro. (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2044390 Wed, 17 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2044390 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2044389&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F45%2F4%2F683%3Frss%3D1 Karo-Kari is a type of premeditated honour killing, which originated in rural and tribal areas of Sindh, Pakistan. The homicidal acts are primarily committed against women who are thought to have brought dishonour to their family by engaging in illicit pre-marital or extra-marital relations. In order to restore this honour, a male family member must kill the female in question. We conducted a systematic review of the published literature other sources on karo-kari and related forms of honour killing or violence against women. Media and non-governmental organization reports were utilized for case studies and analysis. Although legally proscribed, socio-cultural factors and gender role expectations have given legitimacy to karo-kari within some tribal communities. In addition to its persiste... Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2044389 Wed, 17 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2044389 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2044388&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F45%2F4%2F671%3Frss%3D1 This selective review describes recent literature and the author's experience with mental illness and mental health care, and the impact of cultural transformation on mental health in some Arab Islamic cultures, particularly in Egypt, Qatar and Kuwait. Traditional extended Arab families provide a structure for their members that may sometimes prevent and or compensate for the effects of parental loss and mental disability. The role of traditional families in the care of members and in medical decision-making is discussed. The impact of cultural change on Arab culture is also examined, as is the effect of intergenerational conflict in traditional families. (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2044388 Wed, 17 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2044388 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2044387&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F45%2F4%2F652%3Frss%3D1 The process of migration may be associated not only with great hope, but also with distressing experiences that can lead to trauma and posttraumatic stress disorders. Although some of the symptoms induced by trauma are common across cultures, the strategies used to deal with them are often culture-specific. In the following paper, we consider the unique aspects of trauma-focused psychotherapy in patients with a history of migration. We discuss a variety of culture-specific factors with the help of two case histories. (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2044387 Wed, 17 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2044387 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2044386&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F45%2F4%2F639%3Frss%3D1 This article critically examines the notion of `mental trauma' as it has been used by psychosocial intervention programmes addressing the aftermath of the 2004 Asian tsunami. The objective is to shed light on the guidelines' implicit and explicit assumptions about how people are expected to act and feel after a disaster, thereby implying a certain `metaphysic' of emotional experience. It will be argued that feelings can not be separated from intersubjective and public spheres, for they shape and motivate expression and experience. Instead, it is necessary to explore the particular ways in which cultural meaning and social structure relate to discourses and practices through which suffering is produced and represented. To conclude, a method is outlined to operationalize particular experienc... Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2044386 Wed, 17 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2044386 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2044385&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F45%2F4%2F611%3Frss%3D1 Working in Afghanistan's capital city of Kabul, the authors assessed the relative contribution of daily stressors and war-related experiences of violence and loss to levels of depression, PTSD, impaired functioning, and a culturally specific measure of general psychological distress. For women, daily stressors were a better predictor than war experiences of all mental health outcomes except for PTSD; for men, daily stressors were a better predictor of depression and functional impairment, while war experiences and daily stressors were similarly predictive of general distress. For men, daily stressors moderated the relationship between war experiences and PTSD, which was significant only under conditions of low daily stress. The study's implications for research and intervention in conflict... Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2044385 Wed, 17 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2044385 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2044384&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F45%2F4%2F590%3Frss%3D1 `Hispanic' and `Latino' are imprecise umbrella terms often used in the United States to designate nationals from Central and South America. The labelling of Brazilians in this manner generates inaccurate demographic information, including a significant undercount of the migrant population. Research data indicates that Brazilians object to being designated Hispanics, since Brazilians speak Portuguese and have no Spanish heritage. The labelling of ethnic groups has been criticized as a stereotypical and racist system, which primarily responds to non-scientific demands. This commentary appeals for reform in the way researchers and institutions refer to minority citizens as well as for continued research to investigate racism and ethnic prejudice. The development of new approaches and methodol... Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2044384 Wed, 17 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2044384 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2044383&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F45%2F4%2F566%3Frss%3D1 This study demonstrates the need for psychiatric screening instruments to be adapted to different cultures by incorporating meaningful translations and adding culturally specific items. (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2044383 Wed, 17 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2044383 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2044382&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F45%2F4%2F553%3Frss%3D1 We examined whether multidisciplinary health care providers perceive additional training on these areas as helpful in their work with patients from different ethnic backgrounds than the provider. Data are drawn from a National Institute on Drug Abuse-funded survey of 1555 providers in 8 disciplines in New Mexico and Alaska. Clinicians viewed additional training as moderately helpful for ensuring treatment adherence, establishing the therapeutic alliance, safeguarding confidentiality, and engaging in informed consent processes, in that order. Women were more receptive than men to additional training. Modest differences were detected between behavioral and physical health providers and between minority and majority providers. Implications of providers' only modest interest in such training a... Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2044382 Wed, 17 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2044382 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2044381&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F45%2F4%2F531%3Frss%3D1 Talking to patients from diverse cultural backgrounds about their psychiatric disorders requires knowledge of one's own culture, the patients' cultures, and the ways in which they might interact, both in positive and unexpectedly negative ways. In this paper, we discuss the issues raised by discussing psychiatric diagnoses with Chinese-Americans who hold traditional illness beliefs and are not familiar with Western conceptions of psychiatric disorders. We explore how cultural values influence this aspect of medical practice, and suggest practical approaches to communicating the diagnosis of major depressive disorder in a culturally sensitive manner. Our clinical approach is to develop co-constructed illness narratives with patients, and to aid this process by reframing different elements o... Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2044381 Wed, 17 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2044381 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1801535&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F45%2F3%2F526%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1801535 Wed, 17 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1801535 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1801534&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F45%2F3%2F523%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1801534 Wed, 17 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1801534 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1801533&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F45%2F3%2F520%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1801533 Wed, 17 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1801533 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1801532&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F45%2F3%2F518%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1801532 Wed, 17 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1801532 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1801531&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F45%2F3%2F515%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1801531 Wed, 17 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1801531 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1801530&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F45%2F3%2F514%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1801530 Wed, 17 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1801530 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1801529&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F45%2F3%2F513%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1801529 Wed, 17 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1801529 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1801528&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F45%2F3%2F489%3Frss%3D1 A qualitative approach was used to interview 23 Sudanese refugees residing in Brisbane, Australia. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to examine the participants' pre-migration, transit and post-migration experiences. Refugees reported traumatic and life-threatening experiences during the pre-migration and transit phases, and difficulties with resettlement during the post-migration phase. Nevertheless, participants reported using a number of coping strategies across all phases, including: reliance on religious beliefs, cognitive strategies such as reframing the situation, relying on their inner resources, and focusing on future wishes and aspirations. Social support also emerged as a salient coping strategy. The findings are useful for mental health professionals as they highlight t... Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1801528 Wed, 17 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1801528 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1801527&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F45%2F3%2F470%3Frss%3D1 This article addresses gender-related stresses of working women in Japan. We conducted a study of 399 employees in Japan using the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health General Job Stress questionnaire. The results suggest that for women the most significant factor related to depression is interpersonal conflict, whereas for men, it is professional matters. In addition, we conducted interviews with Japanese female employees about their occupational stress. Our interviews indicated that for the occupational mental health of working women, the establishment of modified and supportive interpersonal relations within workplace environments may be required because of the gender roles expected of women in a ma... Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1801527 Wed, 17 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1801527 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1801526&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F45%2F3%2F455%3Frss%3D1 The objective of this article is to describe and compare the use of traditional/complementary medicine (T/CM) among psychotic (schizophrenia and schizophreniform disorder) and epileptic Malay patients in peninsular Malaysia. There were 60 patients in each group. T/CM consultation was uniformly spread across all levels of education and social status. We could not find a single over-riding factor that influenced the decision to seek T/CM treatment because the decision to seek such treatment was complex and the majority of decisions were made by others. Fifty-three patients (44.2%), consisting of 37 (61.7%) psychotic and 16 (26.7%) epileptic patients had consulted Malay traditional healers (bomoh) and/or homeopathic practitioners in addition to modern treatment; of these, only three had consu... Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1801526 Wed, 17 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1801526 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1801525&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F45%2F3%2F439%3Frss%3D1 This article briefly reviews the literature on the relationship between social network and mental health, and presents a theoretical framework outlining the role social networks may play in explaining the differential mental health service utilization rates between Maori and European people of New Zealand. By buffering individuals from the ill effects of stressful events, social networks may have a protective effect on people's mental health. In addition, social networks influence the way people with mental illnesses use mental health services. An inverse relationship between the size of an individual's social network and the rate of utilization of in-patient services has been reported. Despite having a larger and presumably more supportive social networks, Maori are over-represented in me... Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1801525 Wed, 17 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1801525 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1801524&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F45%2F3%2F415%3Frss%3D1 This study examined cultural differences in health seeking for medically ambiguous symptoms in women from two culturally diverse communities. Thirty-five South Asian immigrants and 36 European Americans participated in a health history interview. Though the types and relative frequencies of practices were similar across the two groups, the goals and underlying logic supporting practices differed sharply. Among European Americans, practices were focused on the need to increase energy, creativity, and output; among South Asians, practices emphasized storing up strength through increased consumption or reduced expenditure. We conclude that the relationship between conceptual models of cause and cure depends on the `match' of both to broader, unarticulated cultural models of health and illness... Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1801524 Wed, 17 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1801524 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1801523&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F45%2F3%2F391%3Frss%3D1 In conclusion, the author clarifies the distinction between historical trauma — the precipitating conditions or experiences — and the historical trauma response — the pattern of diverse responses that may result from exposure to historical trauma. (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1801523 Wed, 17 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1801523 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1801522&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F45%2F3%2F379%3Frss%3D1 The treatment of a Mexican American patient who was referred due to hallucinations reveals a world of `magic realism' that is far from infrequent in elderly people with a small and dwindling social network — especially if they come from cultures where the boundaries between the inner and the outer world are fuzzy. Respecting these traits allows for the development of treatment approaches that can evolve satisfactorily without disrupting the patient's inscription in this dual world. (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1801522 Wed, 17 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1801522 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1801521&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F45%2F3%2F355%3Frss%3D1 What can a healer learn from theatre and performance studies? What can theatre and performance studies bring to healing practices? Both disciplines are distinct in Western societies, at times merged into miscellaneous forms of `art therapy.' What lessons can we learn from traditions that do not separate these competencies and have always integrated them as being naturally complementary? In a consultation of cultural psychiatry, both patients and healers are actively aware of various degrees of merging of art and medicine. Narration, then, cannot be limited to verbal case-history making and verbal therapeutic approaches. Bringing patients and healers on a stage and using all forms of text and performance allow for another way of (re)constructing case histories. Expanding the narrative proce... Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1801521 Wed, 17 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1801521 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1529001&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F45%2F2%2F351%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1529001 Wed, 18 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1529001 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1529000&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F45%2F2%2F348%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1529000 Wed, 18 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1529000 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1528999&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F45%2F2%2F342%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1528999 Wed, 18 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1528999 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1528998&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F45%2F2%2F339%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1528998 Wed, 18 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1528998 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1528997&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F45%2F2%2F318%3Frss%3D1 This article will consider three sites of the metaphoric mediation of pain experience: bodily posture or stance, facial expression, and the experience of temporal duration. Each of these basic aspects of embodiment gives rise to bodily metaphors that shape the experience and expression of pain. Tracing how metaphoric constructions regulate cognitive affective and attentional processes provides a way to understand the cultural malleability of pain experience. (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1528997 Wed, 18 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1528997 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1528996&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F45%2F2%2F287%3Frss%3D1 Somatic symptoms are a common clinical presentation of distress among ethnic populations in the USA, particularly traumatized refugees. In this article, we apply a `multiplex model' of bodily experience to explain how a somatic symptom is evoked, amplified, and generates distress, particularly distress related to post-traumatic stress disorder. We illustrate the multiplex model's applicability to acute episodes of tinnitus (i.e., a buzzing-like sound in the ear) among Cambodian refugees, a common symptom in that group. The article demonstrates the importance of carefully examining somatic symptoms and associated meanings in distressed ethnic populations, especially traumatized refugees, and aims to contribute to a medical anthropology of somatic symptoms. (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1528996 Wed, 18 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1528996 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1528995&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F45%2F2%2F253%3Frss%3D1 This article contributes to the development of a medical anthropology of sensation through providing a thick ethnographic description of pain's significance in the context of a particular community's — Yap (Federated States of Micronesia) — understandings of subjectivity, social action, and morality. After first proposing an attentional—synthetic model of the patterning of sensory experience, the article goes on to describe in some detail the linguistic, moral, and cultural frameworks that serve as the semiotic, existential, and practical resources providing the background against which individual sufferers tend to interpret their dysphoric sensory experiences. Central to the article is an exploration of a local illness category maath'keenil' that is implicated in two, at... Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1528995 Wed, 18 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1528995 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1528994&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F45%2F2%2F230%3Frss%3D1 Cardiophobia, a clinical syndrome that affects hundreds of thousands of individuals in the USA, is characterized by abrupt, recurrent sensations and pain in the chest in the absence of physical pathology. This conceptual article seeks to address the significance of cardiophobia in western culture and to distinguish it from related disorders. In addition, a model of cardiophobia that highlights the role of heart-focused anxiety and interoceptive conditioning in the generation of limited-symptom panic attacks and acute chest pain is presented and vulnerability factors for cardiophobia are discussed. Future research directions relevant to the assessment and treatment of this clinically significant phenomenon are reviewed. (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1528994 Wed, 18 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1528994 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1528993&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F45%2F2%2F198%3Frss%3D1 Sensations form the bases of our recognition that we are well, or, alternatively, that something is wrong. What is the process which transforms a sensation into a symptom? In this article, I draw on fieldwork from Lombok, Indonesia to propose a model of the processes through which sensations become symptoms. Perceptional and interpretive decisions regarding what sensations need to be attended to as potential symptoms may be the result of personal awareness of cultural ideas about vulnerability, sensation duration, and interference with activities. The interpretation of sensations is always tentative, conditional on further cultural information regarding whether the sensation should be constructed into a symptom. I conclude by suggesting a model of the processes through which sensations are... Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1528993 Wed, 18 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1528993 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1528992&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F45%2F2%2F163%3Frss%3D1 This article supports the call for the sensorially engaged anthropological study of healing modalities, popular health culture, dietary practices, drug foods and pharmaceuticals, and idioms of distress. Six concepts are of central importance to sensorial anthropology: embodiment, the mindful body, mimesis, local biology, somatic idioms of distress, and `the work of culture'. Fieldwork in South and Southeast Asia and North America illustrates how cultural interpretations associate bodily sensations with passions (strong emotions) and anxiety states, and bodily communication about social relations. Lay interpretations of bodily sensations inform and are informed by local understanding of ethnophysiology, health, illness, and the way medicines act in the body. Bodily states are manipulated by... Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1528992 Wed, 18 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1528992 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1528991&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F45%2F2%2F142%3Frss%3D1 In this article, we outline the importance of a medical anthropology of sensations for theories of psychopathology and psychological healing. We define what is meant by `sensation' (differentiating monomodal and polymodal sensations) and describe some of the mechanisms that generate and amplify sensations. We propose the heuristic use of the concepts of sensation schemas, sensation interpretants, and sensation scripts. We argue against the naive assumption that sensation experience is the same across cultures. Finally, we consider how healing may occur through `sensation semiosis.' (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1528991 Wed, 18 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1528991 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1528990&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F45%2F2%2F139%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1528990 Wed, 18 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1528990 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1302349&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F45%2F1%2F121%3Frss%3D1 This article is aimed at providing an updated phenomenological perspective by comparing NDEs in a cross-cultural context. We compared the various descriptions of NDEs from a phenomenological perspective. There were similarities between particular cultures, which differed from typical western European experiences. This article concludes that although there are common themes, there are also reported differences in NDEs. The variability across cultures is most likely to be due to our interpretation and verbalizing of such esoteric events through the filters of language, cultural experiences, religion, education and their influence on our belief systems either shedding influence as an individual variable or more often perh... Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1302349 Fri, 14 Mar 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1302349 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1302348&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F45%2F1%2F105%3Frss%3D1 This article presents the application of a psychosocial care approach, which has been developed for and in a non-western context, within an asylum seekers' setting in the Netherlands. The project aimed to increase access to basic psychosocial care to a target population that experiences difficulties in entering mental healthcare services, by a group of trained peer asylum seekers and refugees. The development of an informal paraprofessional support system makes better use of existing resources, provides secondary benefits for the participants and helps to overcome the treatment gap between perceived needs and the formal mental healthcare system. The article describes the key components of such an approach, the Dutch context, t... Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1302348 Fri, 14 Mar 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1302348 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1302347&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F45%2F1%2F79%3Frss%3D1 Despite the advance of secularizing influences in many western societies, religion and faith-based organizations play a significant role in the lives of many individuals and communities. Despite this, little is known about what clergy do when faced with mental health problems among their communities. Based on an analysis of in-depth interviews with U.K. Christian, Muslim and Jewish clergy this article examines models of pastoral care provided within different faith groups. The provision of such care was generally influenced by religious tradition and beliefs, community integrity and mission. Implications of the findings for collaboration with pastoral care are discussed. (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1302347 Fri, 14 Mar 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1302347 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1302346&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F45%2F1%2F56%3Frss%3D1 This article chronicles Celeste's struggles to make sense of her experiences in light of competing explanatory models. Her ultimate resolution suggests intriguing new directions for transcultural psychiatric research. (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1302346 Fri, 14 Mar 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1302346 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1302345&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F45%2F1%2F31%3Frss%3D1 This study examines understandings of misfortune among east London Bangladeshis, particularly with respect to the role of jinn spirits. It reports on the findings of ethnographic interviews among 40 members of this community. Appeal to jinn explanations is commonplace at times of psychological disturbance and unexplained physical symptoms. Resort to traditional healers is frequent. These explanations are contested by different groups in the community. The findings are examined within the context of a discourse on tradition and modernity with particular emphasis on Islam and modernity. (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1302345 Fri, 14 Mar 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1302345 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1302344&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F45%2F1%2F5%3Frss%3D1 This article: (a) provides a general background to Buddhist tradition; (b) outlines the central tenets of Buddhist psychology, with particular emphasis on the practice of meditation; (c) provides an overview of research into the effects of Buddhist practice on the brain; (d) outlines the relationships between Buddhist psychology and existing forms of psychotherapy; (e) provides an overview of Buddhist approaches to specific psychiatric disorders and the psychological aspects of physical disorders; and (f) discusses the emergence of Buddhist psychotherapy in western societies and explores likely future developments. There is a need for further research into the neuroscientific correlates of Buddhist concepts of mind and... Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1302344 Fri, 14 Mar 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1302344 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1100736&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F44%2F4%2F695%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1100736 Tue, 18 Dec 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1100736 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1100735&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F44%2F4%2F689%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1100735 Tue, 18 Dec 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1100735 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1100734&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F44%2F4%2F687%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1100734 Tue, 18 Dec 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1100734 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1100733&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F44%2F4%2F686%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1100733 Tue, 18 Dec 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1100733 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1100732&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F44%2F4%2F685%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1100732 Tue, 18 Dec 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1100732 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1100731&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F44%2F4%2F672%3Frss%3D1 The aim of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of a Portuguese version of the Postpartum Depression Screening Scale (PDSS). A total of 120 new mothers completed the translated version of PDSS and later were interviewed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders, our gold standard for clinical status. The best cut-off score for the Portuguese version was 102, with a sensibility of 94%, a specificity of 95%, a positive predictive value of 75% and a negative predictive value of 99%. Reliability, measured by the alpha coefficient of internal consistency, was .95. The PDSS is considered ready for use in the screening of Brazilian new mothers for postpartum depression. (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1100731 Tue, 18 Dec 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1100731 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1100730&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F44%2F4%2F659%3Frss%3D1 Little research has been conducted on media representations of psychiatric de-institutionalization in low-income countries. We set out to examine whether the Jamaican media takes a positive or negative orientation to psychiatric de-institutionalization, and which arguments and rhetorical devices are employed to support the media's position. This was done by the collection, review, and analysis of all stories related to psychiatric de-institutionalization published over a 26-month period from 2003 to 2005 by Jamaica's principal broadsheet newspaper. All of the stories were positive in orientation. Articles alluded to the therapeutic and economic benefits of de-institutionalization. To allay public fears, articles gave prominence to the views of senior psychiatric experts, quoted supporting ... Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1100730 Tue, 18 Dec 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1100730 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1100729&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F44%2F4%2F637%3Frss%3D1 Depression has important cultural and social components. Interviews with 16 women living in the poor and violent outskirts of São Paulo were analyzed to identify local concepts of depression. The interviews were conducted with women who were diagnosed with depression and patients in treatment at a primary care unit. For these women, depression was inextricably woven into their violent and downtrodden daily lives, as well as with other sources of suffering. The local community identified two types of depression: `true' and `false,' suggesting a concept enmeshed with morality. (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1100729 Tue, 18 Dec 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1100729 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1100728&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F44%2F4%2F614%3Frss%3D1 This article explores how elderly English-speaking Indian immigrant women living in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada perceive and manage mental distress. With elders' consent, in-depth interviews were recorded, transcribed and transcripts were thematically analyzed. The findings suggest that these women believed that to lower the risk of mental distress it is critical for individuals to `maximize control over inner self' by `being busy.' The elder's busy behavior is framed within the Indian cultural and spiritual/faith matrix in dialogue with acculturation experiences in Canada. `Staying busy' allows these elders to use culture as a `moral medicine' to facilitate coping and adaptation. (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1100728 Tue, 18 Dec 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1100728 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1100727&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F44%2F4%2F596%3Frss%3D1 We investigated the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of asylum-seeking and refugee children and adolescents referred to a child and adolescent psychiatry service in the Netherlands. Children with families and unaccompanied minors were compared. Unaccompanied minors had significantly higher frequencies of symptoms and psychiatric disorders than the children with families, both considered a high-risk population for mental health problems. (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1100727 Tue, 18 Dec 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1100727 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1100726&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F44%2F4%2F581%3Frss%3D1 To identify and explore cultural dynamics influencing the psychiatric care of immigrant Somalis in the USA, we reviewed demographic data from Minnesota Departments of Human Services, and interviewed health professionals, exploring community perceptions of medical/psychiatric needs, cultural characteristics, barriers to care, and potential solutions. An informal survey of 37 members of the Mayo Clinic Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, to determine caregiver perceptions of care of Somali patients, cited language barriers (74%), and cultural misperceptions (68%) as the most frequent obstacles. Difficulties working within the patriarchal family structure, limited community resources, poor compliance, and financial issues ranged between 18 and 8%. Additional barriers mentioned were probl... Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1100726 Tue, 18 Dec 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1100726 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1100725&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F44%2F4%2F566%3Frss%3D1 September 11, 2001 profoundly affected the American public. We share the views of a cohort of refugees and those seeking asylum from the Boston Center for Refugee Health and Human Rights. Of the 63 individuals from 18 countries interviewed, many had concerns about their personal safety following September 11, as well as fears related to deportation, arrest, detention, imprisonment, discrimination, physical violence and the destruction of property, and war. Asylum seekers were more likely than refugees to have concerns about their safety before their departure and during flight, as well as fear deportation and arrest after September 11. In the wake of September 11, most common coping strategies utilized included prayer (77.8%), speaking with friends from their own social group (47.6%), fami... Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1100725 Tue, 18 Dec 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1100725 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1100724&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F44%2F4%2F545%3Frss%3D1 Drawing upon data collected through in-depth interviews with 20 victims of the Ethio-Eritrean war, this article addresses how psychosocial impacts of political violence are coped with in a Tigrayan context in northern Ethiopia. Qualitative procedures of condensation and categorization of interview texts revealed that informants presented three kinds of coping strategies, all aimed at avoiding indulging in sorrow: (1) diverted thinking, (2) distraction, and (3) future investment. As their main rationale for employing such coping strategies, informants reported the belief that grieving and crying would have negative impacts on their health, their household, and on their relationship with God. This belief is discussed in terms of how it is informed by sociocultural discourses of the Tigrayan ... Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1100724 Tue, 18 Dec 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1100724 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1100723&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F44%2F4%2F515%3Frss%3D1 Viewed historically and cross-culturally, orthostatic-induced dizziness, i.e., dizziness caused by standing up from a sitting or a lying position, forms a key aspect of many syndromes: irritable heart (American Civil War), effort syndrome (World War I and World War II), chronic fatigue syndrome (contemporary USA), Gulf War syndrome (contemporary USA), and orthostatic dysregulation (contemporary Japan). Among Vietnamese refugees attending a psychiatric clinic, this study documents a high rate of orthostatic panic (OP), as well as certain processes seemingly generating these panic attacks, viz., flashbacks and culturally specific catastrophic cognitions. Case examples are used to demonstrate OP's phenomenology and relevance to clinical care. To illustrate the mechanisms producing OP, we addu... Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1100723 Tue, 18 Dec 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1100723 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=950460&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F44%2F3%2F508%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=950460 Mon, 15 Oct 2007 04:00:00 +0100 950460 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=950459&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F44%2F3%2F505%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=950459 Mon, 15 Oct 2007 04:00:00 +0100 950459 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=950458&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F44%2F3%2F504%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=950458 Mon, 15 Oct 2007 04:00:00 +0100 950458 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=950457&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F44%2F3%2F482%3Frss%3D1 Based on a case study of anthropological fieldwork at a small program located in the north-eastern USA, this article critically examines the development of culturally sensitive psychosocial models of care for survivors of torture and refugee trauma in western countries of resettlement. Fieldwork identified several unresolved tensions in the bicultural model of counseling, psychosocial models of care, and the field of refugee mental health. Despite efforts to develop an innovative treatment model, the culturalization of care and the emphasis placed on meeting social needs in interventions resulted in maintaining conventional relations of power within the mental health professions. (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=950457 Mon, 15 Oct 2007 04:00:00 +0100 950457 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=950456&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F44%2F3%2F459%3Frss%3D1 This article describes the distinct challenges associated with conducting ethical research with refugees. A case example of an ongoing study of stigma and access to mental health treatment among Somali refugee adolescents resettled in the USA is presented. In developing the study, standard research paradigms were critically examined in order to take account of the unique aspects of Somali culture and experience. Community participatory methods were adopted to uphold both ethical and methodological rigor in the research. A participatory approach for developing ethical protocols within different refugee communities is recommended. (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=950456 Mon, 15 Oct 2007 04:00:00 +0100 950456 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=950455&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F44%2F3%2F440%3Frss%3D1 Refugee children may encounter barriers to accessing mental health services. We conducted a case—control study based on a systematic review of clinic records to compare psychopathology and service utilization in refugee and Norwegian children referred to a child psychiatry department in a county in southern Norway. Sixty-one refugee children were compared with 61 Norwegian-born children matched for gender, age and time of referral to the clinic. There was no significant difference in rates of referral or level of service utilization, which were proportional to the population. Compared with Norwegian children, refugee children were diagnosed more frequently with post-traumatic stress disorder and other affective and emoti... Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=950455 Mon, 15 Oct 2007 04:00:00 +0100 950455 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=950454&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F44%2F3%2F418%3Frss%3D1 This article argues that the complexity of the social domain of refugee experience and the causal interactions among biological, psychological and social domains make individual effects difficult to study in isolation. A biopsychosocial approach could complement the more focal research to move the field forward. Evidence in support of this position is marshaled from new analyses conducted on a meta-analytic data set of five decades of the worldwide empirical literature on refugee mental health, reflecting data derived from 67,294 primary study participants (Porter & Haslam, 2005). Results demonstrate the importance of higher-order interactions between distal and proximal social variables, as well as associations among biological, psychological and community-level social functioning in ... Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=950454 Mon, 15 Oct 2007 04:00:00 +0100 950454 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=950453&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F44%2F3%2F394%3Frss%3D1 This article focuses on the treatment of asylum seekers and undocumented migrants at Europe's borders, presenting examples from Europe's southern border, Belgium and the UK. The idea of a moral economy of care is invoked which provides an overarching context in which legitimate and illegitimate asylum seekers and refugees are identified. The implications of a moral economy of care are explored in relation to the provision of mental health and social care services to refugees. (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=950453 Mon, 15 Oct 2007 04:00:00 +0100 950453 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=950452&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F44%2F3%2F359%3Frss%3D1 The final decades of the twentieth century were accompanied by an upsurge in the number of persons fleeing persecution and regional wars. To stem the flow of asylum seekers, several countries in the west introduced policies of deterrence, including detention. Although many countries detain asylum seekers, Australia has been unique in establishing a policy of mandatory, indefinite detention. The impact of prolonged detention on the mental health of asylum seekers drew commentary from mental health professionals soon after the policy was introduced, but administrators and politicians disputed the assertion that detention was a factor in causing or exacerbating mental disorder. This overview examines the impact of mandatory, indefinite detention on the mental health of asylum seekers by drawi... Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=950452 Mon, 15 Oct 2007 04:00:00 +0100 950452 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=950451&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F44%2F3%2F338%3Frss%3D1 Human trafficking is an international challenge that increasingly affects industrialized countries. It represents a gross violation of a person's right to liberty and freedom of movement, and is often accompanied by violence and degrading treatment which can have detrimental effects on health. In this article, we review the definition and extent of human trafficking, and focus on the human rights abuses and determinants of trafficking in women. Mental health and other health outcomes are reviewed, and differences between countries in organized activities for victim assistance and protection are assessed. Finally, we discuss the roles of mental health and other healthcare providers in identifying and helping trafficked women, and recommend a tailored multidisciplinary approach for victim as... Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=950451 Mon, 15 Oct 2007 04:00:00 +0100 950451 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=950450&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F44%2F3%2F311%3Frss%3D1 This article elaborates on the dichotomy between the state's legitimate interest to ensure national security, and its domestic and international obligations to protect human rights for all, including irregular migrants. It focuses on the changing relationship between migration and security, on the one hand, and between state and individual, on the other hand. It affirms the necessity to recognize the pre-eminence of fundamental rights upon security concerns. (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=950450 Mon, 15 Oct 2007 04:00:00 +0100 950450 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=950449&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F44%2F3%2F307%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=950449 Mon, 15 Oct 2007 04:00:00 +0100 950449 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=678962&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F44%2F2%2F302%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=678962 Mon, 18 Jun 2007 04:00:00 +0100 678962 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=678961&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F44%2F2%2F300%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=678961 Mon, 18 Jun 2007 04:00:00 +0100 678961 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=678960&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F44%2F2%2F292%3Frss%3D1 In this study, 75 Xhosa males diagnosed with schizophrenia were interviewed to examine their perceptions of the role of initiation in the onset and course of their illness. In all, eight patients (10.7%) perceived the initiation rites as a stressful event that had triggered the onset of a psychotic episode, and six (8%) felt it precipitated a relapse. Our findings suggest that initiation rituals may be perceived as a stressful life event influencing the onset and course of schizophrenia. This underlines the importance of understanding the cultural background of patients. (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=678960 Mon, 18 Jun 2007 04:00:00 +0100 678960 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=678959&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F44%2F2%2F275%3Frss%3D1 The aim of this study was to explore Gujarati parents' and adolescents' perceptions of child and adolescent mental health services and how these should be improved to best meet their needs. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were carried out with 15 parents and 15 young people, recruited from a community centre. Overall, the quality of the service appeared more important than its responsiveness to culture or ethnicity for both young people and their parents. These findings indicate the need for further evidence and debate on whether Black and ethnic minority families should be treated as though they are a homogenous group. (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=678959 Mon, 18 Jun 2007 04:00:00 +0100 678959 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=678958&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F44%2F2%2F258%3Frss%3D1 There is a large population of Turkish-speaking migrants living in London, many of whom are refugees (Enneli, Modood, & Bradley, 2005). Primary care and secondary mental health services have consistently reported poor continuity of care among patients from this community. The aim of this study was to explore the possible interconnection of causal attributions and pathways into care among Turkish-speaking, mainly Kurdish, patients with a past history of psychosis. Narratives of illness were elicited from informants. Physical symptomatology was a prominent feature of presentation in this group. These patients did not discuss their health problems conceptualized as uniform `models' of illness, but rather in an attribu... Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=678958 Mon, 18 Jun 2007 04:00:00 +0100 678958 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=678957&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F44%2F2%2F232%3Frss%3D1 Psychotherapies are distinguished from other forms of symbolic healing by their emphasis on explicit talk about the self. Every system of psychotherapy thus depends on implicit models of the self, which in turn, are based on cultural concepts of the person. The cultural concept of the person that underwrites most forms of psychotherapy is based on Euro-American values of individualism. This individualistic and egocentric concept of the person can be contrasted with more sociocentric, ecocentric or cosmocentric views, which understand the person in relation to the social world, the environment, and the cosmos. Intercultural psychotherapy must consider the cultural concept of the person implicit in therapeutic discourse and practice to determine how well it fits or conflicts with the concept... Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=678957 Mon, 18 Jun 2007 04:00:00 +0100 678957 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=678956&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F44%2F2%2F203%3Frss%3D1 This article describes the therapeutic functions of the churches and the experiential transformations associated with becoming born-again. The discourse of the born-again churches gives people another orientation toward the future, based on the Bible, that also provides them with a different perception of the past. Whereas people remain silent about their war experiences in everday life, the churches offer their members a public space to express their suffering. In these churches, feelings of trust and solidarity are restored. Many aspects of the churches' activities can also be found in western trauma therapies. (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=678956 Mon, 18 Jun 2007 04:00:00 +0100 678956 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=678955&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F44%2F2%2F171%3Frss%3D1 This article reviews methodological and conceptual approaches to the study of stigma and describes the development of an ethnographically grounded questionnaire to examine `stigmatization' from data in different cultures. The difficulties of achieving cross-cultural comparability of meaning are discussed and the psychometric properties of the instrument are presented. (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=678955 Mon, 18 Jun 2007 04:00:00 +0100 678955 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=506507&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F44%2F1%2F162%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=506507 Thu, 22 Mar 2007 04:00:00 +0100 506507 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=506506&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F44%2F1%2F159%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=506506 Thu, 22 Mar 2007 04:00:00 +0100 506506 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=506505&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F44%2F1%2F157%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=506505 Thu, 22 Mar 2007 04:00:00 +0100 506505 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=506504&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F44%2F1%2F136%3Frss%3D1 This article describes the work of a clinical psychologist with the family of a polyhandicapped child described as `the elder's child.' Psychological and ethnographic perspectives provide complementary approaches to investigating cultural meanings, social organization and cosmogony, which all influence clinical interaction with the family and provides tools for developing a therapeutic alliance. (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=506504 Thu, 22 Mar 2007 04:00:00 +0100 506504 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=506503&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F44%2F1%2F115%3Frss%3D1 This article offers a developmental model consisting of stages by which psychological symptoms develop in response to race-related stressors in the military. This article also describes a model of group treatment for ethnic minority veterans related to psychological symptoms arising from exposure to race-related stressors. Both models were used in a race-related support group for Pacific Islander Vietnam veterans diagnosed with PTSD. A combined approach of group intervention, psychosocial education, identity reframing, cognitive differentiation, and cognitive restructuring, which included `depersonalizing discrimination' and rejection of faulty beliefs, appear to offer an effective approach to treating psychological se... Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=506503 Thu, 22 Mar 2007 04:00:00 +0100 506503 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=506502&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F44%2F1%2F79%3Frss%3D1 A qualitative study, investigating the representations and explanatory models of `madness' held by indigenous and religious healers, was undertaken in urban Uganda. Case vignettes of individuals with a diagnosis of a psychotic disorder were discussed by the healers in terms of phenomenology, causality, intervention and outcome. Indigenous healers primarily understood `madness' as spiritual or physiological, whereas religious healers also held psychological models. Healers' understandings of `madness' are inextricably linked with the historical and sociopolitical context and may be useful to individuals with psychotic experiences, however, it is likely that these models are dynamic and continually changing. (Source: Transcultur... Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=506502 Thu, 22 Mar 2007 04:00:00 +0100 506502 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=506501&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F44%2F1%2F65%3Frss%3D1 This study determined the degree of satisfaction with various aspects of life in patients with affective disorders and schizophrenia in a Nigerian tertiary hospital. We compared quality-of-life (QOL) at onset-of-illness (first episode) with QOL at time of study and identified sociodemographic and clinical variables that may predict QOL. All consenting patients with ICD-10 compatible diagnosis of schizophrenia (n = 100) and affective disorders (n = 35) receiving treatment in the study center during the study period were interviewed. The WHOQOL-Bref was used to assess respondents' subjective QOL, and a data-collection sheet assessed objective domains of QOL. Respondents with schizophrenia and affective disorders had a go... Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=506501 Thu, 22 Mar 2007 04:00:00 +0100 506501 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=506500&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F44%2F1%2F55%3Frss%3D1 The Global Assessment of Relational Functioning Scale (GARF) has been proposed as an additional domain on Axis V, yet few validation studies have been conducted. This study examines the validity of the Brazilian-Portuguese version of the GARF. An experienced family therapist interviewed 34 families in which one member had a diagnosis of DSM-IV recurrent major depression. A semi-structured family interview was used to classify families into functional or dysfunctional. A second interviewer, blind to the earlier evaluation, used the GARF to assess the families' functioning. Validity coefficients with the best balance between sensitivity and specificity were obtained with a cut-off point of 70 on the GARF: sensitivity, 78%; ... Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=506500 Thu, 22 Mar 2007 04:00:00 +0100 506500 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=506499&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F44%2F1%2F44%3Frss%3D1 This article describes three cases of `ogun oru' (nocturnal warefare), a condition reported in southwest Nigeria involving an acute night-time disturbance that is culturally attributed to demonic infiltration of the body and psyche during dreaming. Ogun oru is characterized by its occurrence, a female preponderance, the perception of an underlying feud between the sufferer's earthly spouse and a `spiritual' spouse, and the event of bewitchment through eating while dreaming. The condition is believed to be treatable through Christian prayers or elaborate traditional rituals designed to exorcise the imbibed demonic elements. Ogun oru may be a label applied to medical problems. The differential diagnosis includes mainly... Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=506499 Thu, 22 Mar 2007 04:00:00 +0100 506499 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=506498&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F44%2F1%2F27%3Frss%3D1 Koro is a culture-bound syndrome characterized by a fear that the genitals or breasts will retract into the body and cause death. Here we consider the history of ideas about Koro, from early concepts in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to contemporary ideas from medicine and sociology. This conceptual history reveals important issues about the classification (nosology) of Koro. In doing so, it demonstrates the need to integrate standardized phenomenological criteria with etiological models in order to capture the important features of complex behavioral disorders in the cross-cultural setting. (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=506498 Thu, 22 Mar 2007 04:00:00 +0100 506498 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=506497&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F44%2F1%2F5%3Frss%3D1 To identify child mental health problems in a mid-sized to large city in Iraqi Kurdistan, the Reporting Questionnaire for Children (RQC), followed by the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) and the Post-traumatic Stress Symptom Checklist for Children (PTSS-C), were administered in interview form to the caregivers of 806 school-aged children. To cover different categories of children, four samples were randomly selected from among the general population (n = 201), orphans (n = 241), primary medical care patients (n = 199), and hospital patients (n = 165). The RQC revealed satisfactory validity against a deviant CBCL cut-off. The screening capacity of the RQC was further supported by its similarity to the CBCL in distributi... Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=506497 Thu, 22 Mar 2007 04:00:00 +0100 506497 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=320447&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F43%2F4%2F697%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=320447 Wed, 13 Dec 2006 07:00:00 +0100 320447 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=320446&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F43%2F4%2F695%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=320446 Wed, 13 Dec 2006 07:00:00 +0100 320446 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=320445&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F43%2F4%2F692%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Transcultural Psychiatry) Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=320445 Wed, 13 Dec 2006 07:00:00 +0100 320445 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=320444&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F4%2F671%3Frss%3D1 This article summarizes the rationale, development and application of the McGill Illness Narrative Interview (MINI), a theoretically driven, semistructured, qualitative interview protocol designed to elicit illness narratives in health research. The MINI is sequentially structured with three main sections that obtain: (1) A basic temporal narrative of symptom and illness experience, organized in terms of the contiguity of events; (2) salient prototypes related to current health problems, based on previous experience of the interviewee, family members or friends, and mass media or other popular representations; and (3) any explanatory models, including labels, causal attributions, expectations for treatment, course and ... Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=320444 Wed, 13 Dec 2006 07:00:00 +0100 320444 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=320443&cid=s_27170_172_f&fid=27170&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F4%2F652%3Frss%3D1 Based on studies of spirit healing, this article proposes a model of the process of ritual healing that is focused on the core components of spiritual transformation, relatedness and empathy. It describes the central role of spiritual transformation in healers from which emerges their capacity for relation and empathy. Many spirit healers, following a spiritual transformation, begin to exercise ‘radical empathy,’ in which individual differences between healer and sufferer are melded into one field of feeling and experience. The model is compared and contrasted with aspects of healing processes in some psychotherapeutic and analytic therapies. These comparisons are offered in the light of the growing interest in ... Transcultural Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=320443 Wed, 13 Dec 2006 07:00:00 +0100 320443