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Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Sat, 10 Dec 2011 11:12:16 +0100

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Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Sat, 10 Dec 2011 11:12:16 +0100

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Will Publish in Future Issues

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Sat, 10 Dec 2011 11:12:16 +0100

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Editorial Board

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Sat, 10 Dec 2011 11:12:16 +0100

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Masthead

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Sat, 10 Dec 2011 11:12:13 +0100

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Journal Club

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Wed, 02 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Segura J, Ventura R, Pascual JA. Forensic Sci Int 2011; epub ahead of print Jelkmann W, Lundby C. Blood 2011;118:2395-2404. (Source: Transfusion Medicine Reviews)

One Pathway to Academic Success: Autobiography of Dr Ronald G. Strauss

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Mon, 26 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Often, I have been asked by “junior faculty”—who are usually burdened by substantial responsibilities in service and teaching—how they can launch their career in research as a means to succeed in academic medicine. Obviously, the answers/solutions are as diverse as are the circumstances of each questioner. In the following article, I offer the approach that I applied to my career—acknowledging that “one shoe doesn't fit all” and that others will advise differently. However, one truism exists whenever one seeks excellence in anything—the opportunity must be present to commit uninterrupted time for thought/concentration, organization, training/mentoring/study, and effort/hard work. Without such an opportunity, success in research will be elusive. (Source: Transfusion Medicine...

Surveillance of Transfusion-Transmissible Infections: Comparison of Systems in Five Developed Countries

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Mon, 26 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Most industrialized countries maintain surveillance programs for monitoring transmissible infection in blood donations, revising approaches to methodology and risk assessment as new threats emerge. A comparison of programs in the United States, Canada, France, the UK, and Australia indicates that they have similar function, although the structure of blood programs vary as does the extent and nature of formal ties with public health. The emergence of HIV in the late 1970s and early 1980s was key in recognizing that surveillance systems specific to blood transfusion were essential. Hence, most industrialized countries monitor transfusion-transmissible infections in donors and evaluate the impact of new testing and of predonation screening strategies. Emerging infections since HIV have had di...

Clinical Trial Opportunities in Transfusion Medicine: Proceedings of a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute State-of the-Science Symposium, 24/4 (October 2010) pp. 259-285

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Tue, 20 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

In the above article, we correct the spelling of collaborator Elliott Bennett-Guerrero. (Source: Transfusion Medicine Reviews)

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Mon, 19 Sep 2011 02:46:37 +0100

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Transfusion Medicine Reviews will publish in future issues:

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Mon, 19 Sep 2011 02:46:37 +0100

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Editorial Board

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Mon, 19 Sep 2011 02:46:37 +0100

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Masthead

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Mon, 19 Sep 2011 02:46:37 +0100

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Improving Safety for Young Blood Donors

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Mon, 29 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Young blood donors between the ages of 16 and 18 years contribute substantially to the blood supply in the United States, accounting for about 14% of the allogeneic whole blood collected by the American Red Cross in 2010. However, studies have consistently demonstrated that the donors' age, total blood volume, and first-time donation status independently contribute to the risk of syncopal reactions after whole blood donation. Efforts to improve the donation experience are crucial not only to ensure the health and well-being of blood donors but also to sustain an adequate blood supply. Even minor reactions or temporary deferrals discourage individuals from donating blood again. Shifting population demographics and advances in medical care in the United States and other countries predict tha...

Principles and Practice of Thromboelastography in Clinical Coagulation Management and Transfusion Practice

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Mon, 29 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100

In the recent years, thromboelastography has become a popular monitoring device for hemostasis and transfusion management in major surgery, trauma, and hemophilia. Thromboelastography is performed in whole blood and assesses the viscoelastic property of clot formation under low shear condition. Thromboelastography can be performed with a variety of activator and inhibitors at different concentrations representing the most important factors for different intervals and clot formation variables reported in multiple studies and algorithms. Furthermore, fibrinogen levels and platelet counts have a major influence on thromboelastographic variables. In addition, differences in patient populations, devices, and preanalytical conditions contribute to some conflicting findings in different studies. ...

Red Blood Cell Storage Lesions and Related Transfusion Issues: A Canadian Blood Services Research and Development Symposium

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Fri, 26 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100

For centuries, man has been trying to figure out how to revive sick and traumatized individuals using fluids of various types, even from animals. In the 17th century, it was determined that blood was the best fluid to use and, in the early 1900s, after the discovery of the ABO blood groups, human blood was found to provide significant benefit for patients with shock and/or anemia. In the 1950s and 1960s, various ways to obtain, process, and store human blood were developed. It soon became apparent that storage of human blood for transfusion was problematic because red cells, as they aged in vitro, underwent a multitude of physicochemical changes that greatly affected their shelf life, the so-called storage lesion. More recently, the question has arisen as to the potential detrimental effec...

Evaluating the Role of Blood Collection Centers in Public Health: A Status Report

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Fri, 26 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Blood centers have a central role in the community through recruitment and donation, and these community interactions enable blood centers to have a critical role in public health. Some public health initiatives are inherent in the blood center, such as providing human immunodeficiency virus educational material, whereas other initiatives have been actively created, such as cardiovascular screening, as a means to increase blood donor rates and increase the blood center's community interaction. These public health initiatives have been inconsistently practiced by blood collection centers over many years. An understanding of the current literature and exploring the potential role of blood centers in public health, while considering cost and value of these programs, are necessary for blood ce...

Journal Club

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Thu, 11 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100

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Allogeneic Cord Blood Red Cells for Transfusion

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Wed, 10 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100

The review by Strauss and Widness (2010) about the role of placental blood for autologous red blood cell (RBC) transfusions in prematures addresses an important issue for neonatal transfusion practice. Newborns are currently transfused with RBCs from adults, which mainly contain adult hemoglobin (HbA). HbA has a lower affinity for oxygen than fetal hemoglobin (HbF); therefore, adult RBC transfusions could be responsible for increased oxygen delivery to the immature retina. Repeated RBC transfusions in the first month of life of prematures presently are one of the major risk factor for developing retinopathy. Strauss and Widness suggest that umbilical cord blood RBCs represent the only alternative source for newborn transfusions. Previous studies, however, have demonstrated that autologous ...

Progress in the Removal of Di-[2-Ethylhexyl]-Phthalate as Plasticizer in Blood Bags

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Mon, 08 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Polyvinylchloride (PVC) is used in blood component containers as well as in many other medical devices because it shows optimal inertness, durability, and resistance to heat and chemicals. However, the polymer itself does not provide good handling characteristics or the necessary properties for red blood cell (RBC) survival. PVC thus needs to be plasticized, and di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) has been the most common plasticizer to produce the required flexibility to PVC. However, DEHP has been found to leach out from the containers, causing toxic effects, as demonstrated mainly in rodents. It is considered to be a possible carcinogen and suspected to also produce endocrine effects especially in young males. Although controversial, it is commonly accepted that in vulnerable patients suc...

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Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Fri, 15 Jul 2011 04:00:00 +0100

The story of Norman Bethune has been a preoccupation of, and subject of publications by, Roderick Stewart over more than 4 decades, culminating in this comprehensive and thoroughly documented biography jointly authored with his wife Sharon. The Stewarts have traveled extensively in Canada, the United States, Spain, and China, gathering material on the activities of Bethune during the various phases of his colorful career. (Source: Transfusion Medicine Reviews)

Proceedings of a Consensus Conference: Risk-Based Decision Making for Blood Safety

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Fri, 15 Jul 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Blood safety decision making has become increasingly complex, and a framework for risk-based decision making is, thus, needed. The purpose of this consensus conference was to bring together international experts in an effort to develop the foundations for such a framework. These proceedings are described with a view to making available to the transfusion medicine community the considerable amount of information and insight that was presented and that emerged through debate by the experts, panel members, and delegates. (Source: Transfusion Medicine Reviews)

Autologous or Allogeneic: Cord Blood Red Blood Cells Still Are Investigational

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Fri, 08 Jul 2011 04:00:00 +0100

The following is our reply to the letter by Bianchi et al that was prompted by our earlier article reviewing use of autologous/placental red blood cell (RBC) transfusions for the anemia of prematurity. (Source: Transfusion Medicine Reviews)

Information for Contributors

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Sat, 18 Jun 2011 17:47:09 +0100

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Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Sat, 18 Jun 2011 17:47:08 +0100

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Transfusion Medicine Reviews will publish in future issues:

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Sat, 18 Jun 2011 17:47:08 +0100

(Source: Transfusion Medicine Reviews)

Editorial Board

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Sat, 18 Jun 2011 17:47:08 +0100

(Source: Transfusion Medicine Reviews)

Masthead

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Sat, 18 Jun 2011 17:47:07 +0100

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Massive Transfusion Protocols for Patients With Substantial Hemorrhage

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Fri, 10 Jun 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Transfusion medicine for the resuscitation of patients with massive hemorrhage has recently advanced from reactive, supportive treatment with crystalloid and red blood cell therapy to use of standardized massive transfusion protocols (MTPs). Through MTPs, medical facilities are able to standardize the most effective posthemorrhage treatments and execute them rapidly while reducing potential waste of blood products. Damage control resuscitation is an example of an MTP, where patients are (1) allowed more permissive hypotension, (2) spared large volumes of crystalloid/colloid therapy (through low volume resuscitation), and (3) transfused with blood products preemptively using a balanced ratio of plasma and platelets to red blood cells. This focused approach improves the timely availability o...

Donating Blood: A Meta-Analytic Review of Self-Reported Motivators and Deterrents

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Mon, 06 Jun 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Although research on blood donor motivation abounds, most studies have typically focused on small sets of variables, used different terminology to label equivalent constructs, and have not attempted to generalize findings beyond their individual settings. The current study sought to synthesize past findings into a unified taxonomy of blood donation drivers and deterrents and to estimate the prevalence of each factor across the worldwide population of donors and eligible nondonors. Primary studies were collected, and cross-validated categories of donation motivators and deterrents were developed. Proportions of first-time, repeat, lapsed, apheresis, and eligible nondonors endorsing each category were calculated. In terms of motivators, first-time and repeat donors most frequently cited conv...

Drivers of Transfusion Decision Making and Quality of the Evidence in Orthopedic Surgery: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Fri, 03 Jun 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Reasons for variation in transfusion practice in orthopedic surgery are not well understood. This systematic review identified and appraised the quality of the literature in this area to assess the impact of factors associated with the use of allogeneic red blood cell (RBC) transfusion in orthopedic procedures. MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched for relevant English language publications. Articles containing a range of MeSH and text terms regarding “blood transfusion,” “predictors,” and “multiple logistic regression” were retrieved. Articles that focused on patients undergoing orthopedic procedures and that met prespecified inclusion criteria were appraised in terms of potential bias and the appropriateness of statistical approach. A total of 3641 citations were retriev...

Leukocyte Transfusion and the Development of the Continuous-Flow Blood Cell Separator

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Wed, 01 Jun 2011 04:00:00 +0100

The treatment of anemia and thrombocytopenia with allogeneic cell transfusions is an effective and well-developed technology. However, leukocyte replacement transfusion has been frustrated by the physiology of the leukocytes. To achieve effective leukocyte replacement, the continuous-flow centrifugal blood cell separator was developed, and it soon proved to be an important instrument for separation, collection, and transfusion of all the components of the blood. Thus, the continuous-flow centrifugal blood cell separator has become an important instrument in the science of blood collection and transfusion. (Source: Transfusion Medicine Reviews)

Blood, AIDS, and Bureaucracy: The Crisis and the Tragedy

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Wed, 01 Jun 2011 04:00:00 +0100

The politics of health were never tested more than when AIDS surfaced at the beginning of the 1980s in the industrialized nations. In those countries, it became the most important medical crisis of the last half of the 20th century. Today, the significance of AIDS remains as not only an unrelenting disease but also as a disease that continues to affect social and political life throughout the entire world. The connection between blood transfusion and AIDS is now under control in the industrialized countries but only because of lessons that took too long to learn over the past 25 years. That process had different roots and effects depending on the various national blood programs and policies in different countries. That is illustrated by comparing events in France, Japan, Canada, and the Un...

Journal Club

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Tue, 10 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100

(Source: Transfusion Medicine Reviews)

The Age of Blood Evaluation (ABLE) Randomized Controlled Trial: Study Design

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Sun, 08 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Red blood cells (RBCs) are transfused to treat anemia and to maintain oxygen delivery to vital organs during critical illness. Laboratory and observational studies have raised the possibility that prolonged RBC storage may adversely affect clinical outcomes. Compared with RBCs stored less than 1 week, there are no clinical data demonstrating that RBCs stored longer remain as effective at carrying or releasing oxygen, and observational studies have risen to possibility that prolonged RBC storage might result in harm to vulnerable patients requiring blood transfusions. The “Age of Blood Evaluation” (ABLE) study (ISRCTN44878718) is a double-blind, multicenter, parallel randomized controlled clinical trial. It will test the hypothesis that the transfusion of prestorage leukoreduced RBCs st...

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Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Wed, 04 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100

THE INTRODUCTION OF this book concisely reviews blood groups, antibodies, and their terminology as well as the clinical and biological importance of blood groups. This book's intended audience includes transfusion service physicians, residents, fellows, reference and bench technologists, supervisors, managers, and interested clinicians. Tables 1.1 and 1.2 are quite helpful in understanding the blood groups, terminology, and classification. The second chapter reviews the various manual serologic techniques and the principles commonly used in blood grouping, antibody detection, and identification. The subsequent 4 chapters discuss the ABO, other blood groups, significant antibodies, and the Rh system. The complexity of the blood groups is reduced to basics and provides guidance in understand...

Appropriateness of Allogeneic Red Blood Cell Transfusion: The International Consensus Conference on Transfusion Outcomes

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Mon, 18 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

An international multidisciplinary panel of 15 experts reviewed 494 published articles and used the RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method to determine the appropriateness of allogeneic red blood cell (RBC) transfusion based on its expected impact on outcomes of stable nonbleeding patients in 450 typical inpatient medical, surgical, or trauma scenarios. Panelists rated allogeneic RBC transfusion as appropriate in 53 of the scenarios (11.8%), inappropriate in 267 (59.3%), and uncertain in 130 (28.9%). Red blood cell transfusion was most often rated appropriate (81%) in scenarios featuring patients with hemoglobin (Hb) level 7.9 g/dL or less, associated comorbidities, and age older than 65 years. Red blood cell transfusion was rated inappropriate in all scenarios featuring patients with Hb level 1...

Transfusion-Associated Hyperkalemia

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Mon, 18 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

The supernatant potassium concentration [K+] of red blood cell (RBC) units is frequently much higher than normal human plasma potassium levels, especially in units nearing the end of their storage life. Clinical hyperkalemia resulting from RBC transfusions has been recognized as a transfusion complication for decades, and there have been reported cardiac arrests attributed to transfusion-associated hyperkalemia. This review summarizes the evidence surrounding RBC [K+] levels, effects of irradiation and washing on [K+], the evidence for clinical hyperkalemia and cardiac arrests resulting from transfusion, predictors of post-transfusion hyperkalemia, and their preventative strategies. Key points include: (a) the [K+] (in mmol/L) increases linearly and is approximately equal to the number of ...

A Framework for Applying the Precautionary Principle to Transfusion Safety

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Wed, 23 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100

This article provides a guide to applying precaution to matters of transfusion safety. Types of risk-based decision-making can be classified as strong, intermediate/weak, or no precaution by determining the strength of evidence required to apply a protective measure and the extent of the protective measure applied. The decision on what type of precaution to implement can then be determined based on the response to the following questions for a given transfusion safety matter: (1) Is the extent of the exposure large? (2) Is the consequence of the exposure serious? (3) Is the consequence of the exposure irreversible? (4) Is there minimal cost associated with the removal of the exposure? (5) Is there a minimal negative health effect associated with removing the exposure? Using this approach c...

Blood Cell MicroRNAs: What Are They and What Future Do They Hold?

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Fri, 18 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100

The advent of blood component storage revolutionized health care by allowing for a managed supply of transfusion quality blood products. During storage, blood components undergo a series of physiological changes that affect the product quality, which ultimately can interfere with the safety and efficacy of such products after transfusion. Despite continuous improvements in blood component quality and safety, it is still desirable to have in vitro standard markers of measurable characteristics that predict blood component safety and efficacy in vivo following their transfusion. Over the last decade, research on the feasibility of using microRNAs as biomarkers for various clinical manifestations and cellular pathologies has exploded. Here, we review the literature on blood cell microRNAs and...

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Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Thu, 17 Mar 2011 17:31:19 +0100

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Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Thu, 17 Mar 2011 17:31:19 +0100

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Will Publish in Future Issues

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Thu, 17 Mar 2011 17:31:18 +0100

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Editorial Board

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Thu, 17 Mar 2011 17:31:18 +0100

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Clinical Trial Opportunities in Transfusion Medicine: Proceedings of a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute State-of the-Science Symposium, 24/4 (October 2010) pp. 259-285

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Thu, 17 Mar 2011 17:31:18 +0100

Collaborators: Subcommittee 1: Platelet Product Issues (Source: Transfusion Medicine Reviews)

Journal Club

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Thu, 17 Mar 2011 17:31:18 +0100

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Masthead

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Thu, 17 Mar 2011 17:31:17 +0100

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Trauma-Induced Coagulopathy—A Review of the Systematic Reviews: Is There Sufficient Evidence to Guide Clinical Transfusion Practice?

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Mon, 07 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100

This report collated and summarized all the systematic review evidence relating to the diagnosis and management of trauma-related coagulopathy and transfusion, thereby covering the widest possible body of literature. We defined 4 key clinical questions: (1) What are the best methods of predicting and diagnosing trauma-related coagulopathy? (2) Which methods of clinical management correct coagulopathy? (3) Which methods of clinical management correct bleeding? and (4) What are the outcomes of transfusion in trauma? Thirty-seven systematic reviews were identified through searches of MEDLINE (1950–July 2010), EMBASE (1980–July 2010), The Cochrane Library (Issue 7, 2010), National Guidelines Clearing House, National Library for Health Guidelines Finder, and UKBTS SRI Transfusion Evidence L...

Banking of Pluripotent Adult Stem Cells as an Unlimited Source for Red Blood Cell Production: Potential Applications for Alloimmunized Patients and Rare Blood Challenges

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Mon, 07 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100

The transfusion of red blood cells (RBCs) is now considered a well-settled and essential therapy. However, some difficulties and constraints still occur, such as long-term blood product shortage, blood donor population aging, known and yet unknown transfusion-transmitted infectious agents, growing cost of the transfusion supply chain management, and the inescapable blood group polymorphism barrier. Red blood cells can be now cultured in vitro from human hematopoietic, human embryonic, or human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). The highly promising hiPSC technology represents a potentially unlimited source of RBCs and opens the door to the revolutionary development of a new generation of allogeneic transfusion products. Assuming that in vitro large-scale cultured RBC production effic...

Origins of Platelet Transfusion Therapy

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Thu, 03 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100

In 1955, animal studies suggested that thrombocytopenia was not the initiating cause of hemorrhage. Coagulation studies in vitro revealed the correction of coagulation by fresh platelets. Platelets, freshly collected with use of nonwettable surfaces, corrected thrombocytopenia, controlled associated hemorrhage, and prevented death from bleeding. Thus, in vitro and animal studies can be misleading (bench to bedside). Careful clinical observations, elaborated by in vitro studies, which create hypotheses testable in the clinic, lead to therapeutic advances (bedside to bench and back). Platelet replacement for thrombocytopenia prevents the hemorrhagic diathesis and has been universally practiced for over 50 years. (Source: Transfusion Medicine Reviews)

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Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Thu, 24 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100

This book's appeal will be primarily to those involved in allogeneic and autologous blood collections from donors, particularly blood center physicians, nurses, and other personnel involved with blood donors. Transfusion Medicine residents and fellows should also find this book quite useful. The book consists of 10 comprehensive chapters dealing with the screening of the associated risk factors relating to the blood products derived from blood donors. The authors have thus created an excellent reference text that is easy to read and to comprehend. Congratulations to all the authors for a job well done! (Source: Transfusion Medicine Reviews)

Scott Murphy, MD: Platelet Storage Pioneer

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Thu, 24 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Dr Scott Murphy was a leading authority in the science of platelet storage for transfusion. Among the first to advocate room-temperature storage, his work enabled the extension of platelet shelf life, which facilitated the development of aggressive medical and surgical therapies requiring intensive platelet support. During a 38-year career, he characterized the metabolism of stored platelets, worked to optimize storage conditions, and developed a landmark standard for the assessment of platelet quality. As a clinical hematologist, he was devoted to his patients, providing compassionate, comforting care. He was also a cherished mentor, a sage advisor, a fast friend, and a dedicated family man. Dr Murphy was one of those rare, great, humble men who inspire and enrich everyone around him. Tru...

The Clinical Effects of Red Blood Cell Transfusions: An Overview of the Randomized Controlled Trials Evidence Base

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Thu, 24 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100

No up-to-date overview of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in red blood cell (RBC) transfusion exists. This systematic review examines the quantity and quality of the evidence for the clinical effects of RBC transfusion. One hundred forty-two eligible RCTs were identified through searches of The Cochrane Library (issue 4, 2009), MEDLINE (1950 to November 2009), EMBASE (1974 to November 2009), and other relevant sources. After data extraction and methodological quality assessment, trials were grouped by clinical specialty and type of RBC transfusion. Data analysis was predominantly descriptive. The 142 RCTs covered 11 specialties and 10 types of RBC transfusion. The number of included patients varied widely across the RCTs (median, 57; IQ range, 27-167). Most trials were single center co...

Universal White Blood Cell Reduction in Europe: Has Transmission of Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Been Prevented?

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Thu, 24 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Universal white blood cell (WBC) reduction was introduced in Europe to prevent transmission of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) by transfusion. Findings from rodent models indicate that WBC reduction should not prevent vCJD transmission because the residual plasma infectivity suffices to infect transfusion recipients even under optimistic infectivity assumptions. Although infectivity in human blood may not partition in the manner in which it is distributed in rodents, prion-reduction filters remove the residual plasma infectivity in rodent models. Precautionary introduction of prion filtration in the UK—for patients without dietary exposure to bovine spongiform encephalopathy and in the absence of a reported case of vCJD transmission attributable to infectivity residing in plasma...

Prevention of Transfusion-Transmitted Cytomegalovirus in Low–Birth Weight Infants (≤1500 g) Using Cytomegalovirus-Seronegative and Leukoreduced Transfusions

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Thu, 24 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100

The transfusion-transmitted cytomegalovirus (TT-CMV) can cause serious morbidity and mortality in low–birth weight infants (LBWIs). Transfusion-transmitted cytomegalovirus can be minimized in LBWIs born to cytomegalovirus (CMV)–seronegative mothers with the use of CMV-seronegative blood components. Despite evidence that has independently shown that either leukoreduction or the use of CMV-seronegative components mitigates TT-CMV, the potential efficacy of combining these 2 strategies has not been substantiated in very LBWIs ( (Source: Transfusion Medicine Reviews)

Sixty Years of Antibodies to MNS System Hybrid Glycophorins: What Have We Learned?

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Thu, 24 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100

The MNS system was the second blood group system discovered and at least 16 of the 46 antigens in the MNS system result from genetic recombination, producing a hybrid glycophorin. The incidence of these hybrid glycophorins is highest in East Asian populations. MNS system antigens defined by hybrid glycophorins are immunogenic with alloimmune IgG responses developing after transfusion or pregnancy; with reports originating from Asia, Europe, the Americas, and Australia. This demonstrates the global nature of problems associated with these antibodies. Since the initial report that production of anti-Mia was a cause of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN), antibodies to antigens defined by hybrid glycophorins have been reported in 27 cases of HDFN (1 fatal) and 8 cases of hemolyt...

Persistence of Lymphocytotoxic Antibodies in Patients in the Trial to Reduce Alloimmunization to Platelets: Implications for Using Modified Blood Products

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Thu, 24 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Patients with acute myelogenous leukemia undergoing induction chemotherapy have significant decreases in alloimmune platelet refractoriness if they receive filter-leukoreduced or UV-B–irradiated vs standard platelet transfusions (3%-5% vs 13%, respectively; P ≤ .03) with no differences among the treated platelet arms (Trial to Reduce Alloimmunization to Platelets). Therefore, measuring antibody persistence might identify the best platelets for transfusion. Lymphocytotoxic (LCT) antibody duration was evaluated for association with patient age, sex, prior transfusion and pregnancy history, study-assigned platelet transfusions, and percentage LCT panel reactive antibodies. During the Trial to Reduce Alloimmunization to Platelets, 145 patients became antibody positive; and 81 (56%) of them...

Adverse Blood Transfusion Outcomes: Establishing Causation

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Thu, 24 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100

The transfusion of allogeneic red blood cells (RBCs) and other blood components is ingrained in modern medical practice. The rationale for administering transfusions is based on key assumptions that efficacy is established and risks are acceptable and minimized. Despite the cliché that, “the blood supply is safer than ever,” data about risks and lack of efficacy of RBC transfusions in several clinical settings have steadily accumulated. Frequentist statisticians and clinicians demand evidence from randomized clinical trials (RCTs); however, causation for the recognized serious hazards of allogeneic transfusion has never been established in this manner. On the other hand, the preponderance of evidence implicating RBC transfusions in adverse clinical outcomes related to immunomodulation...

Establishing Causation in Transfusion Medicine and Related Tribulations

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Thu, 24 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100

BOTH BLOOD BANKERS and clinicians practiced “faith-based” medicine for 5 decades (1940-2000) by transfusing red blood cells (RBCs) to patients with hemoglobin falling to less than or equal to 10 g/dL. The Transfusion Requirements in Critical Care (TRICC) randomized controlled trial (RCT) then demonstrated that, without adverse outcomes, a transfusion trigger of 7 g/dL produced a result superior to a transfusion trigger of 10 g/dL. In fact, normovolemic intensive care unit (ICU) patients randomized to receive RBCs for a hemoglobin falling to less than or equal to 10 g/dL had a significant (P < .05) increase in the risk of myocardial infarction and pulmonary edema, as well as in-hospital mortality, compared with subjects randomized to receive allogeneic blood transfusion (ABT) for a hemo...

Information for Contributors

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Mon, 06 Dec 2010 16:29:35 +0100

(Source: Transfusion Medicine Reviews)

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Mon, 06 Dec 2010 16:29:35 +0100

(Source: Transfusion Medicine Reviews)

Will Publish in Future Issues...

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Mon, 06 Dec 2010 16:29:35 +0100

(Source: Transfusion Medicine Reviews)

Editorial Board

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Mon, 06 Dec 2010 16:29:35 +0100

(Source: Transfusion Medicine Reviews)

Journal Club

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Mon, 06 Dec 2010 16:29:35 +0100

(Source: Transfusion Medicine Reviews)

Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury, an Evolving Syndrome: The Road of Discovery, With Emphasis on the Role of the Mayo Clinic

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Mon, 06 Dec 2010 16:29:35 +0100

Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is characterized by acute hypoxemia and noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. At the very least, descriptions of cases consistent with TRALI date back to the early 1950s. Early articles from the 1950s and 1960s documented transfusion-associated pulmonary edema without evidence of volume overload. Explanations for this phenomenon included hypersensitivity and transfused leukoagglutinins. Descriptions from the 1970s also implicated transfused antileukocyte antibodies and noted that blood products containing such antibodies often came from multiparous female donors. Cases implicating recipient anti–human leukocyte antigen antibody reacting with transfused donor leukocytes and donor antibodies reacting with another donor's leukocytes were also describe...

Cerebral Venous Thrombosis During Pregnancy in the Setting of Type I Antithrombin Deficiency: Case Report and Literature Review

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Mon, 06 Dec 2010 16:29:35 +0100

We present a case of a female with heterozygous type I antithrombin deficiency who presented with a central nervous system transverse sinus thrombosis in the third trimester of pregnancy despite the use of therapeutic doses of low molecular weight heparin, as venous thromboembolic prophylaxis, since conception. A successful pregnancy outcome was achieved with the combined use of therapeutic anticoagulation and regular plasma-derived antithrombin concentrate infusions to normalize her antithrombin levels. This case lends further debate to the issue of whether antithrombin concentrate, in addition to anticoagulation, should be routinely administered for venous thromboembolic prophylaxis during pregnancy and the puerperium to women with inherited antithrombin deficiency. This point may become...

Relative Risk of Reducing the Lifetime Blood Donation Deferral for Men Who Have Had Sex With Men Versus Currently Tolerated Transfusion Risks

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Mon, 06 Dec 2010 16:29:35 +0100

The risks of known and emerging transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) from reducing the current lifetime blood donation deferral for men who have had sex with men (MSM) to 1 or 5 years were compared to the risk from continuing to transfuse in the United States 12.5% of platelet doses as pooled whole-blood–derived (rather than single-donor) platelets. Assumptions made in mathematical models and blood donor/transfusion studies of the risks of TTIs since 2000 were evaluated. The number of HIV, hepatitis B virus, or hepatitis C virus TTIs from reducing the MSM deferral to 1 year is, respectively, 0.88, 2.94, or 66.9, many more than 10 times smaller than the risk from pooled platelets. If erroneous release of HIV-positive units (a risk independent of a donor's source of infection) is not ...

Human Blood Group Genes 2010: Chromosomal Locations and Cloning Strategies Revisited

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Mon, 06 Dec 2010 16:29:35 +0100

Thirty human blood group systems are now recognized. Corresponding genes have been cloned and characterized for all of the systems and localized to single cytogenetic bands on 14 autosomes and the X chromosome. In this review, we summarize this information, highlighting the most recently defined blood group system (Rh-associated glycoprotein) and the developing understanding of the P1 system and the complex molecular basis for its phenotypes. (Source: Transfusion Medicine Reviews)

Circulatory Risk in the Transfusion of Red Blood Cells With Impaired Flow Properties Induced by Storage

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Mon, 06 Dec 2010 16:29:34 +0100

Red blood cell (RBC) flow properties (FPs), specifically their deformability, aggregability, and adherence to endothelial cells, play major roles in blood circulation. Their impairment, as occurs under various blood banking conditions, may contribute to circulatory impairment in recipients. Recent studies and meta-analyses show that the transfusion of stored RBCs (stRBCs) may be less beneficial than that of freshly collected units, which may thus adversely affect recipients, especially their circulatory function, thereby pointing to a potential role in the alteration of FPs of stRBCs. In this review, we present an up-to-date summary of the studies on the FP of stRBCs, clearly showing that they may be impaired at an early stage of storage, which may contribute considerably to transfusion-as...

Blood Transfusion Safety: The Potential Role of the Patient

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Mon, 06 Dec 2010 16:29:34 +0100

This article considers the patients' role in ensuring safe care along the transfusion trajectory.Study Design and Methods: Empirical data on patients' attitudes to, and involvement in, transfusion-related behaviors were systematically reviewed. Opportunities for patient involvement in transfusion processes were identified by extant national guidelines and expert consultation.Results: A number of transfusion-related behaviors in which patients can participate were highlighted, but to date, little is known about patients' preferences for taking on an active role. Many patients have no recollection of consenting to a blood transfusion, and some are not even aware they have been transfused. Information provided to patients about transfusion is often poorly understood. Patients have a number of...

Experimental Models of Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Mon, 06 Dec 2010 16:29:34 +0100

Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is defined clinically as acute lung injury occurring within six hours of the transfusion of any blood product. It is the leading cause of transfusion-related death in the United States, but under-recognition and diagnostic uncertainty have limited clinical research to smaller case control studies. In this review we discuss the contribution of experimental models to the understanding of TRALI pathophysiology and potential therapeutic approaches. Experimental models suggest that TRALI occurs when a host, with a primed immune system, is exposed to an activating agent such as anti-leukocyte antibody or a biologic response modifier such as lysophosphatidylcholines. Recent work has suggested a critical role for platelets in antibody-based experimenta...

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Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Mon, 06 Dec 2010 16:29:34 +0100

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Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Tue, 21 Sep 2010 07:40:13 +0100

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Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Tue, 21 Sep 2010 07:40:13 +0100

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Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Tue, 21 Sep 2010 07:40:13 +0100

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Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Tue, 21 Sep 2010 07:40:13 +0100

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Tibor Jack Greenwalt: Father of Transfusion Medicine

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Tue, 21 Sep 2010 07:40:13 +0100

Tibor J. Greenwalt (1914-2005) was, as much as anyone, the Father of Transfusion Medicine. He was founder of the Blood Center of Wisconsin, the first member of the American Association of Blood Banks, founding editor of Transfusion, chair of the National Research Council's Committee on Blood and Transfusion, national medical director of the American Red Cross Blood Services, and president of the International Society of Blood Transfusion. He wrote 200 papers and 25 books, describing erythroblastosis fetalis as an immune hemolytic anemia, new blood groups and antigens, the effects of hepatitis testing on blood safety, better ways to store red cell, and much more. He worked until days before his death at age 91, ending a 63-year career with 5 papers in press. (Source: Transfusion Medicine Re...

Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI): A Canadian Blood Services Research and Development Symposium

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Tue, 21 Sep 2010 07:40:13 +0100

Since the first description of transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) more than 2 decades ago, we have only recently begun to learn how this disorder may occur and how to prevent it. Scientists from around the world have made great strides in identifying the possible causes of this condition. Blood banks and transfusion services have risen to the challenges of prevention. Recent introduction of restricting most plasma products to those obtained from male donors only has greatly reduced the incidence of TRALI worldwide. Scientists have recently identified the gene and protein for the human neutrophil antigen-3a associated with most mortality due to TRALI, and this presents an opportunity for a screening assay to prevent future TRALI-associated deaths. Finally, animal models of TRALI ...

Keys to Open the Door for Blood Donors to Return

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Tue, 21 Sep 2010 07:40:13 +0100

Because of demographic changes, the worldwide shortage of blood will likely be aggravated in the foreseeable future. Hence, the retention of already active blood donors (BDs) is becoming more and more important. Moreover, a substantial increase in blood donations could be achieved by a relatively small increase in BD return. Blood donation services are therefore well advised to understand their BDs' motivations to become regular and committed BDs and to consider this in planning BD retention programs. Focusing on the published literature of the last decade, we summaries some key recommendations in considering BD retention strategies. Whereas starting a career as a BD is mainly driven by external stimuli, becoming a committed BD needs a well-developed identity role; that is, a BD with a hig...

Where are the Systematic Reviews in Transfusion Medicine? A Study of the Transfusion Evidence Base

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Tue, 21 Sep 2010 07:40:12 +0100

Transfusion medicine has become a large and complex specialty. Although there are now systematic reviews covering many aspects of transfusion, these span a large number of clinical areas and are published across more than a hundred different medical journals, making it difficult for transfusion medicine practitioners and researchers to keep abreast of the current high-level evidence. In response to this problem, NHS Blood and Transplant's Systematic Review Initiative (SRI) has produced a comprehensive overview of systematic reviews in transfusion medicine. A systematic search (to December 2009) and screening procedure were followed by the appraisal of systematic reviews according to predefined inclusion criteria. The 340 eligible systematic reviews were mapped to 10 transfusion interventio...

Clinical Trial Opportunities in Transfusion Medicine: Proceedings of a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute State-of-the-Science Symposium

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Tue, 21 Sep 2010 07:40:12 +0100

This article reports on the deliberations that were held relating to the various clinical trial concepts developed by 7 Transfusion Medicine subcommittees. This Symposium generated a rich assortment of clinical trial proposals that will undergo further refinement before final implementation into pilot or full randomized clinical trials. The various proposals identified many opportunities for clinical trial research and most importantly underscored the ongoing need for well-developed evidence-based clinical trial research in the field of Transfusion Medicine. (Source: Transfusion Medicine Reviews)

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Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Tue, 21 Sep 2010 07:40:12 +0100

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Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100

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Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100

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Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100

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Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100

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Erratum

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100

IN ACCORDANCE WITH the figures presented in the recently published FDA report “Fatalities Reported to FDA Following Blood Collection and Transfusion: Annual Summary for Fiscal Year 2009” (http://www.fda.gov/download/BiologicsBlood-Vaccines/SafetyAvailability/ReportaProblem/TransfusionDonationFatalities/UCM205620.pdf), (on page 113) from the review by EC Vamvakas and MA Blajchman (Transfus Med Rev 2010;24:77-124) has been corrected and updated as shown below. (Source: Transfusion Medicine Reviews)

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Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100

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Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100

THE DEMAND FOR blood products has continued to increase in the face of even more stringent donor qualification standards. One response to the shrinking donor pool has been a greater reliance on high-school donors to meet collection needs. However, blood donation is not without risk. Even a mild donor reaction can result in a negative donor experience that increases donor apprehension and potentially dissuades the donor and perhaps others from future donations. This multiauthored book provides a concise yet thorough overview of blood donation-related adverse events and suggests possible preventative measures. (Source: Transfusion Medicine Reviews)

The Original Blood Group Pioneers: The Hirszfelds

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Ludwik Hirszfeld, together with his wife Hanka, was the first to study the blood groups in large numbers of subjects (soldiers) during World War I at the Macedonian front. They found significant differences in the distribution of the ABO blood groups, that is, type A was more common in soldiers from North Central Europe, whereas type B was more common in those from Eastern Europe. Their data were later (in the 1920s and 1930s) misused by German nationalists to support the concept of Aryan supremacy. The Hirszfelds also discovered Salmonella paratyphi C, now known as Salmonella hirzfeldi. Their landmark studies drew others to this new field of seroanthropology, most notably Arthur Mourant, as well as Robin Race and Ruth Sanger, who wrote “Blood Groups in Man” detailing the antigenic dif...

Can Blood Tranfusion Transmit Cancer? A Literature Review

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Blood services around the world face increasing challenges in recruiting voluntary blood donors. With increasing donor restrictions and ageing populations, it is essential to look for any existing restrictions that may be relaxed in the light of currently available evidence. We propose that one such restriction is the exclusion of blood donors with a history of a malignancy. Most blood services apart from the United States and Australia continue the historical precaution of permanently excluding donors with a history of cancer, despite the absence of any convincing reports of cancer transmission among the millions of allogeneic blood transfusions performed since the advent of blood banking. In 2007, workers in Scandinavia published convincing data from the SCANDAT (Scandinavian Donations a...

Platelet-Derived Factors Involved in Tissue Repair—From Signal to Function

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Topical treatment with platelet derivatives has increasingly been described as being capable of accelerating wound healing and to aid in tissue repair. In vitro data indicate that platelets and their contents have chemotactic, migration-inducing, and mitogenic activities, and a major role of these factors in tissue repair has thus been advocated. However, how platelet-derived factors orchestrate tissue repair at the cellular level remains quite obscure even to those individuals who prescribe platelet derivatives as topical wound healing therapy. The primary objective of this review was to provide the practitioner, inexpert in biochemistry, an overview about signal transduction within cells in response to platelet-derived factors. Concepts from the literature were selected to illustrate how...

Omic Approaches to Quality Biomarkers for Stored Platelets: Are We There Yet?

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100

At present, there is no single biomarker that serves as the “gold standard” predictive of the quality of stored platelets used for transfusion. Some of the measurable features of platelets such as morphology, biochemical status, physiologic response to osmotic stress and agonist-induced changes, and measurement of process-associated activation indicators of platelets are considered useful in assessing the in vitro quality of stored platelets. Such in vitro measurements combined with in vivo survival estimations using radiolabeled platelets in healthy volunteers provide reasonable estimates of in vivo platelet function after transfusion. Thus, the current practice of estimating the quality and functional aspects of ex vivo stored platelets involves utilization of a battery of tests that...

Warm Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia: Recent Progress in Understanding the Immunobiology and the Treatment

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is defined as a condition associated with the increased destruction of red blood cells (RBCs) associated with the presence of IgG anti-RBC autoantibodies. The etiology underlying the pathogenesis of such autoantibodies is still uncertain. In the present article, we will discuss the postulated mechanisms that produce a breakdown of immunologic tolerance leading to warm AIHA including the possible roles of RBC autoantigens and the complement system, the lack of effective presentation of autoantigens, functional abnormalities of B and T cells resulting in polyclonal lymphocyte activation and alteration of cytokine production, and the role of immunoregulatory T cells. Because warm AIHA is a relatively rare clinical entity, current recommended therapeutic stra...

A Critical Review of Published Methods for Analysis of Red Cell Antigen-Antibody Reactions by Flow Cytometry, and Approaches for Resolving Problems with Red Cell Agglutination

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Flow cytometry operators often apply familiar white blood cell (WBC) methods when studying red blood cell (RBC) antigens and antibodies. Some WBC methods are not appropriate for RBCs, as the analysis of RBCs requires special considerations, for example, avoidance of agglutination. One hundred seventy-six published articles from 88 groups studying RBC interactions were reviewed. Three fourths of groups used at least one unnecessary WBC procedure for RBCs, and about one fourth did not use any method to prevent/disperse RBC agglutination. Flow cytometric studies were performed to determine the effect of RBC agglutination on results and compare different methods of preventing and/or dispersing agglutination. The presence of RBC agglutinates have been shown to be affected by the type of pipette...

Do All Patients With Hematologic Malignancies and Severe Thrombocytopenia Need Prophylactic Platelet Transfusions? Background, Rationale, and Design of a Clinical Trial (Trial of Platelet Prophylaxis) to Assess the Effectiveness of Prophylactic Platelet Transfusions

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100

This study has been designed as a 2-stage randomized trial with an interim analysis planned after a minimum of 100 patients had been randomized and had completed their period of observation. Patients have initially been enrolled through 3 United Kingdom hematology centers. The interim analysis has been completed, and the results have confirmed a final sample size of 600 patients. Recruitment is now being extended to other centers in United Kingdom and Australia. Local research nurses are not blinded to treatment allocation, but a number of measures to reduce risk of assessment bias include repeated education around standard operating procedures, common definitions, and duplication of assessments. The expected completion date for the 5-year study is December 2011. (Source: Transfusion Medic...

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Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Fri, 19 Mar 2010 15:31:47 +0100

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Will Publish in Future Issues . . .

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Fri, 19 Mar 2010 15:31:47 +0100

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Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Fri, 19 Mar 2010 15:31:47 +0100

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Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Fri, 19 Mar 2010 15:31:47 +0100

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The Usefulness of Pathogen Inactivation During an Outbreak of the New Strain of Influenza (H1N1)

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Fri, 19 Mar 2010 15:31:47 +0100

The degree of attention surrounding the pandemic of a new strain of influenza virus (H1N1) has posed major crisis management problems to health care workers worldwide. In the Kansai region of Japan, the number of blood donors has fallen by approximately 40%. This drop in blood donations has been due to an increase in the number of people unwilling to leave their homes as a result of being exposed to and the possible spread of this new strain of influenza. The World Health Organization predicted that the number of blood donors would decrease by 25% in the event of a widespread H1N1 virus outbreak, but the decrease in blood donation in Japan far exceeded this figure. This fact has fulfilled the previously predicted concern that blood transfusions could be significantly impaired in the event ...

Arnault Tzanck, MD (1886-1954)

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Fri, 19 Mar 2010 15:31:46 +0100

Arnault Tzanck's name is attached to an apparatus he invented that was widely used for transfusing blood in France between the wars, as well a simple test he devised using the microscopic analysis of scrapings from skin cancer lesions, different ganglia, and some forms of dermatitis especially pemphigus. The Tzanck smear is still widely used as a test for herpes, among other diseases. He also experimented with different methods of preserving blood and blood substitutes. Tzanck's most lasting contribution was in the organization of blood transfusion in France that eventually resulted in the creation of the Centre National de Transfusion Sanguine (National Blood Transfusion Center), which was established in 1949 with Tzanck as its first director. In the process, Tzanck educated a whole gener...

A Strategic Approach to the Problems of Providing Rhesus D–Negative Blood Transfusion in Geographic Areas With Low RhD Negativity: A Nigerian Perspective

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Fri, 19 Mar 2010 15:31:43 +0100

In contrast to the white prevalence, the frequency of rhesus D (RhD) negativity in the Nigerian population ranges from less than 1% to about 6% in the different ethnic population groups across the country. Consequently, there is often a severe scarcity of RhD-negative blood in Nigeria, leading to undue delay in transfusing RhD-negative patients. This situation has led to the prolongation of hospital stays as well as increased morbidity and mortality in affected patients. The problem is compounded by the general unavailability of donor RhD-negative blood, which is partially related to a suboptimal national blood transfusion service. This situation has thus relegated the responsibilities of donor recruitment and blood collection to individual hospital blood banks. This has led to the necessi...

Optimization of Leukocyte Collection and Monocyte Isolation for Dendritic Cell Culture

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Fri, 19 Mar 2010 15:31:43 +0100

Leukapheresis is the method of choice to collect monocytes for dendritic cell (DC) culture. Improvement of cell separators and cell collection software have enabled the collection of 109 monocytes for the generation of monocyte-derived DCs, which is sufficient to prepare a DC vaccine series. However, leukapheresis works with the technique of differential centrifugation which is not applicable to selectively collect mononuclear cells of similar density. After leukapheresis, thus, additional preparation steps are required to isolate and enrich the desired monocyte population. The cell isolation and cultivation techniques depend on the quality of the original leukocyte harvest due to the monocyte yield and the content of residual erythrocytes and platelets. Monocyte elutriation from the leuka...

Is There a Role for Autologous/Placental Red Blood Cell Transfusions in the Anemia of Prematurity?

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Fri, 19 Mar 2010 15:31:43 +0100

Because most extremely preterm infants with birth weight less than 1000 g need red blood cell transfusions, many attempts have been made to collect, process, and store placental blood (ie, umbilical cord blood) for autologous transfusions. Although it is feasible to do this, multiple problems in doing so including insufficient volumes collected, clotting, hemolysis, bacterial contamination, failure to significantly supplant need for allogeneic transfusions, and high costs have led many to question whether, on balance, autologous/placental red blood cell transfusion offers clinically significant benefits. (Source: Transfusion Medicine Reviews)

Blood Still Kills: Six Strategies to Further Reduce Allogeneic Blood Transfusion-Related Mortality

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Fri, 19 Mar 2010 15:31:42 +0100

After reviewing the relative frequency of the causes of allogeneic blood transfusion-related mortality in the United States today, we present 6 possible strategies for further reducing such transfusion-related mortality. These are (1) avoidance of unnecessary transfusions through the use of evidence-based transfusion guidelines, to reduce potentially fatal (infectious as well as noninfectious) transfusion complications; (2) reduction in the risk of transfusion-related acute lung injury in recipients of platelet transfusions through the use of single-donor platelets collected from male donors, or female donors without a history of pregnancy or who have been shown not to have white blood cell (WBC) antibodies; (3) prevention of hemolytic transfusion reactions through the augmentation of pati...

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Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Sat, 05 Dec 2009 14:20:57 +0100

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Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Sat, 05 Dec 2009 14:20:57 +0100

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Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Sat, 05 Dec 2009 14:20:57 +0100

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Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Sat, 05 Dec 2009 14:20:57 +0100

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Jack Bowman: Winnipeg's Contributions to the Treatment and Prevention of Rhesus Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Sat, 05 Dec 2009 14:20:57 +0100

Jack Bowman (1925-2005) was a Canadian pediatrician who was on the staff of the Winnipeg Children's Hospital. He was trained by Bruce Chown who had started the Rhesus (Rh) hemolytic disease of the Newborn program and in due course succeeded Chown as director of the program. Jack began as one of the three pediatricians (including his twin Bill) who performed exchange transfusions on the affected infants. In due course with his colleague in obstetrics, he was the first in North America to perform intrauterine transfusions for the babies at risk of stillbirth. He was a leader in the prevention of Rh disease by the administration of anti-Rh immunoglobulin to the Rh-negative mothers and established that this could be done safely and effectively during pregnancy. He introduced to North America t...

Treatment With Intravenous Immunoglobulin and Steroids May Correct Severe Anemia in Hyperhemolytic Transfusion Reactions: Case Report and Literature Review

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Sat, 05 Dec 2009 14:20:56 +0100

We report a patient with SCD presented with severe HHTR whose serum contained multiple RBC alloantibodies. On day 2 of admission, the hemoglobin level dropped to 47 g/L. Intravenous immunoglobulin and steroid therapy was commenced. The patient responded and further transfusion was avoided. Review of the literature identified 5 HHTR cases in which transfusion was withheld and IVIG/steroids prescribed. In all of these cases, anemia was corrected and hemolysis resolved without blood transfusion. The reasons why transfusion was withheld and IVIG/steroids treatment prescribed were explored. There is no indication for IVIG in the routine treatment of hemolytic transfusion reactions, but IVIG should be considered as an option for treatment of serious, life-threatening HHTR both in SCD and non-SCD...

Albumin Usage in Clinical Medicine: Tradition or Therapeutic?

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Sat, 05 Dec 2009 14:20:56 +0100

Plasma protein therapies have been sheltered historically from the scrutiny of evidence-based medicine. Thus, a number of albumin solutions became part of the established therapeutic armamentarium with a very modest evidence base. As evidence-based medicine has turned its focus on plasma protein therapies, albumin's appropriate use has become increasingly questioned. Concurrently, interest in other colloid plasma expanders has increased as efforts to address their side-effects have resulted in new products. The decade-old meta-analysis from the Cochrane collaboration linking albumin with increased mortality, although currently disproven, has resulted in ongoing scrutiny of albumin's safety and has led to a large randomized clinical trial which, while demonstrating equivalent safety with sa...

Correction of Coagulation in Dilutional Coagulopathy: Use of Kinetic and Capacitive Coagulation Assays to Improve Hemostasis

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Sat, 05 Dec 2009 14:20:56 +0100

The management of dilutional coagulopathy due to fluid infusion and massive blood loss is a topic that deserves a biochemical approach. In this review article, we provide an overview of current guidelines and recommendations on diagnosis and on management of transfusion in acquired coagulopathy. We discuss the biochemical differences between kinetic clotting assays (clotting times) and new capacitive coagulation measurements that provide time-dependent information on thrombin generation and fibrin clot formation. The available evidence suggests that a combination of assay types is required for evaluating new transfusion protocols aimed to optimize hemostasis and stop bleeding. Although there is current consensus on the application of fresh frozen plasma to revert coagulopathy, factor conce...

In Vitro Megakaryocyte Production and Platelet Biogenesis: State of the Art

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Sat, 05 Dec 2009 14:20:56 +0100

The exciting and extraordinary capabilities of stem cells to proliferate and differentiate into numerous cell types not only offers promises for changing how diseases are treated but may also impact how transfusion medicine may be practiced in the future. The possibility of growing platelets in the laboratory to some day supplement and/or replace standard platelet products has clear advantages for blood centers and patients. Because of the high utilization of platelets by patients undergoing chemotherapy or receiving stem cell transplants, platelet transfusions have steadily increased over the past decades. This trend is likely to continue as the number of adult and pediatric patients receiving stem cell transplants is also continuously rising. As a result of increased demand, coupled with...

Extending the Horizon for Cell-Based Immunotherapy by Understanding the Mechanisms of Action of Photopheresis

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Sat, 05 Dec 2009 14:20:56 +0100

Most of the current cell-based immunotherapy protocols concentrate on immune stimulatory effects against certain pathogenic insults, such as cancer. In this article, a potential cell-based immunotherapeutic strategy to induce immune tolerance by infusion of apoptotic leukocytes is presented in conjunction with a review of newly understood mechanisms of action of photopheresis and relevant information about allogeneic transfusion-related immunomodulation. The scientific rationale is discussed by examining our understanding of the role of apoptosis in self-antigen tolerance, the interaction between apoptotic bodies and antigen-presenting cells, and the subsequent induction of T regulatory cells and clonal deletion of effector T cells. Previous data on transfusion-related immunomodulation are...

Chikungunya Virus: Possible Impact on Transfusion Medicine

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Sat, 05 Dec 2009 14:20:56 +0100

In recent years, large chikungunya virus (CHIKV) outbreaks originating in Kenya have spread to islands of the Indian Ocean and parts of India, Southeast Asia, and Europe. Concern of transfusion transmission has been heightened for this mosquito-borne arbovirus because of high population infection incidence during outbreaks and the high-titer viremia lasting approximately 6 days. The virus has not circulated in the Americas; however, the abundant presence of competent mosquito vectors suggests large outbreaks are possible should the virus be introduced and autochthonous transmission occur. Chikungunya virus produces a fever-arthralgia syndrome resulting in considerable morbidity and some mortality, particularly among older age groups and/or those with pre-existing conditions. Estimated tran...

Is Human Herpesvirus-8 Transmitted by Transfusion?

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Sat, 05 Dec 2009 14:20:56 +0100

Studies of human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) transmission through transfusion have produced contradictory results. In North America—a region with a low prevalence of HHV-8 infection—3 studies that tested specimens from linked positive-donor/negative-recipient pairs collected before the introduction of white blood cell (WBC) reduction and the extension of red blood cell (RBC) storage found no case of transmission of HHV-8 to 151 transfusion recipients who were HHV-8–seronegative before the transfusion and received components from HHV-8–seropositive donors. In Uganda, a prospective cohort study of pediatric transfusion recipients observed a small (≤2.8%/U) increase in the risk of HHV-8 seroconversion over 6 months of follow-up among children who received HHV-8–seropositive (compared wi...

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Announcement: Case Reports

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Thu, 17 Sep 2009 16:38:03 +0100

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Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Thu, 17 Sep 2009 16:38:03 +0100

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Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Thu, 17 Sep 2009 16:38:03 +0100

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Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Thu, 17 Sep 2009 16:38:03 +0100

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Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Thu, 17 Sep 2009 16:38:02 +0100

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Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Thu, 17 Sep 2009 16:38:02 +0100

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Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Thu, 17 Sep 2009 16:38:02 +0100

THIS MULTIAUTHORED TEXTBOOK published in 2008 is devoted entirely to transfusion safety and transfusion-transmitted infections and their prevention. The book containing 28 chapters is organized into 3 sections. The first section describes the basic characteristics of various classes of infectious agents (eg, hepatitis viruses, retroviruses, herpes viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and prions). The second section covers donor selection and testing and covers the operational aspects of these subjects. The third section—entitled surveillance, risk, and regulation—covers a variety of operational and research topics under this general umbrella. This format provides an integration of basic information about various infectious agents with practical operational aspects related to donor interview sc...

Transfusion Medicine in Chicago, Before and After the “Blood Bank”

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Thu, 17 Sep 2009 16:38:02 +0100

Although history states correctly that Bernard Fantus coined the name “blood bank” in Chicago in 1937, his was only one of many contributions of Midwest America to the new therapy of blood transfusion. Chicago was at the center of the movement before and after then, anticipating the modern era with the first practical method for direct donor-to-recipient transfusion and staging a secret clinical trial of cadaver blood. That successful trial of cadaver blood may have presaged the first functional cadaver kidney transplant, performed at the same hospital several years later. Modern-day technologies for blood collection, transfusion, and safety testing also have many roots in Chicago. (Source: Transfusion Medicine Reviews)

Blood Group Antigens and Normal Red Blood Cell Physiology: A Canadian Blood Services Research and Development Symposium

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Thu, 17 Sep 2009 16:38:02 +0100

Presented by Donald R. Branch, PhD, Canadian Blood Services, Research and Development and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Research and development (R&D) continues to be an important component of the overall mandate of the Canadian Blood Services (CBS) which is to provide safe blood products for transfusion to all Canadians. The CBS R&D program has been organized to address specific areas of research, represented as research “hubs” located in different geographical locations throughout Canada. Transfusion immunology is the focus of the Toronto Hub and an annual international symposium is organized and presented by CBS R&D that attracts national and international experts in the areas of transfusion immunology and related topics to present informat...

Filling a Gap in Transfusion Medicine Education and Research

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Thu, 17 Sep 2009 16:38:02 +0100

After the outbreak of the HIV/AIDS epidemic, attention was focused on the restructuring and reorganization of nationally supported safe and sustainable blood supply systems. Networking and human capacity building in transfusion medicine were developed through World Health Organization initiatives. Educational materials were created for the core elements of the blood transfusion chain. However, the management aspects of transfusion medicine as well as applied health science research in transfusion medicine were not addressed. In 2000, the World Health Organization initiated the creation of the Academic Institute for International Development of Transfusion Medicine (IDTM). This would focus on the development of a postgraduate master's course in management of transfusion medicine (MMTM) and ...

The Role of Neutrophils in the Pathogenesis of Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Thu, 17 Sep 2009 16:38:02 +0100

This article reviews TRALI pathophysiology, explores the role of the neutrophil, details practical information for appropriate diagnosis and promotes further studies into the pathogenesis of TRALI. (Source: Transfusion Medicine Reviews)

Controversy in Trauma Resuscitation: Do Ratios of Plasma to Red Blood Cells Matter?

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Thu, 17 Sep 2009 16:38:02 +0100

Since a report in October 2007 of dramatic improvements in trauma mortality in a military population when massive transfusion of red blood cells (RBC) was accompanied by plasma replacement at 1:1 proportions, interest in the plasma-to-RBC ratio during resuscitation in both the trauma and transfusion communities has been intense. Over the 7-month period from August 2008 through February 2009, a further 9 major studies examining experience with plasma replacement in massively transfused civilian trauma patients have been published. This flood of observational studies is likely to continue. In this review, the authors examine the findings of these initial studies, highlighting the epidemiologic and analytic methodologies used, and the likely influence of these methodologies on the reported ou...

Editorial: “Formula-Driven” Versus “Lab-Driven” Massive Transfusion Protocols: At a State of Clinical Equipoise

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Thu, 17 Sep 2009 16:38:02 +0100

IN 2006 IN the Journal of Trauma, Drs Malone, Hess, and Fingerhut recommended the adoption of 1:1:1 resuscitation (red blood cells [RBC]/fresh frozen plasma [FFP]/platelet). They recommended that such a protocol “be fully developed and examined in a clinical trial.” In the meantime they recommended its use during the “early chaotic phase of resuscitation to standardize blood product support.” They also stated “it should also encourage blood banks to remove impediments to rapid blood product delivery,” citing an article recommending 4 new blood transfusion “services” for trauma patients: (1) thawed FFP; (2) component delivery based on an algorithm; (3) delivery of acute transfusion packages (5 RBC, 5 FFP, 2 pools of platelets); and (4) activation of a transfusion medicine sp...

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Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Thu, 25 Jun 2009 07:44:00 +0100

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Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Thu, 25 Jun 2009 07:44:00 +0100

(Source: Transfusion Medicine Reviews)

Will Publish in Future Issues . . .

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Thu, 25 Jun 2009 07:44:00 +0100

(Source: Transfusion Medicine Reviews)

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Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Thu, 25 Jun 2009 07:44:00 +0100

(Source: Transfusion Medicine Reviews)

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Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Thu, 25 Jun 2009 07:44:00 +0100

(Source: Transfusion Medicine Reviews)

Blood Transfusion in World War I: The Roles of Lawrence Bruce Robertson and Oswald Hope Robertson in the “Most Important Medical Advance of the War”

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Thu, 25 Jun 2009 07:44:00 +0100

The demonstration and acceptance of the life-saving potential of blood transfusion in the resuscitation of combat casualties came in two parts. First, Canadian surgeon Major Lawrence Bruce Robertson showed that direct transfusion of uncrossmatched blood from the veins of a donor to a patient could save the lives of many moribund casualties, even if a few died of acute hemolytic reactions. Second, US Army Captain Oswald Hope Robertson showed that stored, syphilis-tested, universal donor whole blood could be given quickly and safely in forward medical units. With these demonstrations, the Royal Army Medical Corps adopted transfusion and declared it the most important medical advance of the war. (Source: Transfusion Medicine Reviews)

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Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Thu, 25 Jun 2009 07:44:00 +0100

THE TOPIC OF immunohematological methods deserves a prominent place among the concerns of blood bankers because of the plethora of methods that exist and the fact that adequate training for many bench technologists who might be faced with serological incompatibilities is not as common as it once was. Thus, books that clearly indicate appropriate methods to be used for specific serological problems are extremely valuable. This latest edition of the previously titled Methods in Immunohematology provides the comprehensiveness and clarity for those individuals interested in serological (immunohematological) investigations. It has been 16 years since the last (second) edition of this book, and this third edition has little resemblance to its previous counterpart. For one thing, the page number ...

Guidelines for Managing Conscientious Objection to Blood Transfusion

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Thu, 25 Jun 2009 07:44:00 +0100

Parents sometimes deny their children blood transfusion because of their religious beliefs. The Japanese Joint Committee on the Refusal of Blood Transfusion on Religious Grounds asserts that the health and life of every child younger than 15 years should be guarded by the collective efforts of health, welfare, and advocacy institutions when a parent or guardian seeks to withhold transfusion therapy. Patients 18 years or older should receive treatment without transfusion after signing and submitting a “Certificate of Refusal Blood Transfusion and Exemption from Liability.” For a patient younger than 18 years, but 15 years or older, essential transfusion can be performed if the patient or at least one guardian consents. Without patient's or guardian's consent, guidelines for patients 18 ...

Selection Criteria to Protect the Blood Donor in North America and Europe: Past (Dogma), Present (Evidence), and Future (Hemovigilance)

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Thu, 25 Jun 2009 07:44:00 +0100

The safety of the blood supply depends on measures to protect not only the transfusion recipient but also the blood donor. Donor selection criteria have been voluntarily adopted or enforced through regulation in different countries, but review of practices in different blood centers reveals wide disparity in the current approaches. Such variability in practice suggests that the criteria for the protection of donor are often arbitrary or reflect deeply engrained precautionary practices and exposes the inherent uncertainty about the best way to minimize risk to the donor. Certain selection criteria introduced years ago have become dogma in some countries but were never subjected to systematic study and persist despite available evidence that the measures do not measurably improve donor safet...

Antigen Loss From Antibody-Coated Red Blood Cells

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Thu, 25 Jun 2009 07:44:00 +0100

Clinically significant signs and symptoms of hemolysis can result from the transfusion of crossmatch incompatible blood, the development of anti–red blood cell (RBC) alloantibodies posttransfusion, or the development of autoantibodies to RBCs (ie, autoimmune hemolytic anemia). However, a less understood and poorly appreciated phenomenon is when an antibody induces the loss of its target antigen without significant damage to the cells themselves. This has been referred to as “depressed antigen,” “antigen suppression,” “weakened antigenicity,” and “antigen loss.” This phenomenon has been observed for multiple blood group antigens on human RBCs, in addition to antigens on leukocytes, platelets, neurons, and neoplastic cells. This review discusses the published human case rep...

Cryoprecipitate: The Current State of Knowledge

Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Thu, 25 Jun 2009 07:44:00 +0100

Cryoprecipitate is a diverse product containing factor VIII, von Willebrand factor, fibrinogen, fibronectin, factor XIII, and platelet microparticles. The role of this complex product in the management of hemostasis has not been well studied (excluding patients with factor VIII deficiency). There are insufficient data to determine the clinical setting where this product might be clinically efficacious despite its widespread use in multiple different clinical scenarios. The best method of pooling before transfusion has also not been thoroughly investigated to determine the optimal infusion strategy (intralaboratory vs bedside). The most common current indication for the use of this product is hypofibrinogenemia in the setting of massive hemorrhage. There are insufficient data in the literat...

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Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Thu, 25 Jun 2009 07:44:00 +0100

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Transfusion Medicine Reviews — Wed, 01 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100

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Contents

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One Pathway to Academic Success: Autobiography of Dr Ronald G. Strauss

Surveillance of Transfusion-Transmissible Infections: Comparison of Systems in Five Developed Countries

Clinical Trial Opportunities in Transfusion Medicine: Proceedings of a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute State-of the-Science Symposium, 24/4 (October 2010) pp. 259-285

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Improving Safety for Young Blood Donors

Principles and Practice of Thromboelastography in Clinical Coagulation Management and Transfusion Practice

Red Blood Cell Storage Lesions and Related Transfusion Issues: A Canadian Blood Services Research and Development Symposium

Evaluating the Role of Blood Collection Centers in Public Health: A Status Report

Journal Club

Allogeneic Cord Blood Red Cells for Transfusion

Progress in the Removal of Di-[2-Ethylhexyl]-Phthalate as Plasticizer in Blood Bags

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Proceedings of a Consensus Conference: Risk-Based Decision Making for Blood Safety

Autologous or Allogeneic: Cord Blood Red Blood Cells Still Are Investigational

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Massive Transfusion Protocols for Patients With Substantial Hemorrhage

Donating Blood: A Meta-Analytic Review of Self-Reported Motivators and Deterrents

Drivers of Transfusion Decision Making and Quality of the Evidence in Orthopedic Surgery: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Leukocyte Transfusion and the Development of the Continuous-Flow Blood Cell Separator

Blood, AIDS, and Bureaucracy: The Crisis and the Tragedy

Journal Club

The Age of Blood Evaluation (ABLE) Randomized Controlled Trial: Study Design

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Appropriateness of Allogeneic Red Blood Cell Transfusion: The International Consensus Conference on Transfusion Outcomes

Transfusion-Associated Hyperkalemia

A Framework for Applying the Precautionary Principle to Transfusion Safety

Blood Cell MicroRNAs: What Are They and What Future Do They Hold?

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Contents

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Editorial Board

Clinical Trial Opportunities in Transfusion Medicine: Proceedings of a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute State-of the-Science Symposium, 24/4 (October 2010) pp. 259-285

Journal Club

Masthead

Trauma-Induced Coagulopathy—A Review of the Systematic Reviews: Is There Sufficient Evidence to Guide Clinical Transfusion Practice?

Banking of Pluripotent Adult Stem Cells as an Unlimited Source for Red Blood Cell Production: Potential Applications for Alloimmunized Patients and Rare Blood Challenges

Origins of Platelet Transfusion Therapy

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Scott Murphy, MD: Platelet Storage Pioneer

The Clinical Effects of Red Blood Cell Transfusions: An Overview of the Randomized Controlled Trials Evidence Base

Universal White Blood Cell Reduction in Europe: Has Transmission of Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Been Prevented?

Prevention of Transfusion-Transmitted Cytomegalovirus in Low–Birth Weight Infants (≤1500 g) Using Cytomegalovirus-Seronegative and Leukoreduced Transfusions

Sixty Years of Antibodies to MNS System Hybrid Glycophorins: What Have We Learned?

Persistence of Lymphocytotoxic Antibodies in Patients in the Trial to Reduce Alloimmunization to Platelets: Implications for Using Modified Blood Products

Adverse Blood Transfusion Outcomes: Establishing Causation

Establishing Causation in Transfusion Medicine and Related Tribulations

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Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury, an Evolving Syndrome: The Road of Discovery, With Emphasis on the Role of the Mayo Clinic

Cerebral Venous Thrombosis During Pregnancy in the Setting of Type I Antithrombin Deficiency: Case Report and Literature Review

Relative Risk of Reducing the Lifetime Blood Donation Deferral for Men Who Have Had Sex With Men Versus Currently Tolerated Transfusion Risks

Human Blood Group Genes 2010: Chromosomal Locations and Cloning Strategies Revisited

Circulatory Risk in the Transfusion of Red Blood Cells With Impaired Flow Properties Induced by Storage

Blood Transfusion Safety: The Potential Role of the Patient

Experimental Models of Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury

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Transfusion Medicine Reviews will publish in future issues

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Editorial Board

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Tibor Jack Greenwalt: Father of Transfusion Medicine

Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI): A Canadian Blood Services Research and Development Symposium

Keys to Open the Door for Blood Donors to Return