MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Transgenic Research' source. Thu, 09 Feb 2012 09:43:49 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5635977&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22271409%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhao M, Blom T PMID: 22271409 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Transgenic Research) Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5635977 Fri, 20 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5635977 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5617704&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22252123%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bai YY, Yan RH, Ye GY, Huang F, Wangila DS, Wang JJ, Cheng JA Abstract Risk assessments of ecological effects of transgenic rice expressing lepidoptera-Cry proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) on non-target arthropods have primarily focused on rice plants during cropping season, whereas few studies have investigated the effects in postharvest periods. Harvested rice fallow fields provide a critical over-wintering habitat for arthropods in the Chinese rice ecosystems, particularly in the southern region of the country. During 2006-08, two independent field trials were conducted in Chongqing, China to investigate the effects of transgenic Cry1Ab rice residues on non-target arthropod communities. In each trial, pitfall traps were used to sample arthropods in field plots ... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5617704 Wed, 18 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5617704 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5593966&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22238064%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we have developed a conditional transgenic mouse model that overexpress mouse Rtel1 in a Cre-excision manner. By crossing with a ubiquitous Cre mouse line, we further demonstrated that these established Rtel1 conditional transgenic mice allow to efficiently and highly express a functional Rtel1 that is able to rescue the embryonic defects of Rtel1 null mouse allele. Furthermore, we demonstrated that more than 70% transgenic mice that widely overexpress Rtel1 developed liver tumors that recapitulate many malignant features of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Our work not only generated a valuable mouse model for determining the role of RTEL1 in the development of cancers, but also provided the first genetic evidence to support that amplification of RTEL1, as observed in ... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5593966 Thu, 12 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5593966 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5593965&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22238065%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of the present work was to investigate different strategies for transient overexpression of the mAb H10 in which glycan configuration was modulated and assess how these strategies affect the accumulation yield and stability of the antibody. To this aim, three procedures have been assayed: (1) Site-directed mutagenesis to abolish the glycosylation site; (2) endoplasmic reticulum retention (C-terminal SEKDEL fusion) to ensure predominantly high-mannose type glycans; and (3) expression in a N. benthamiana RNAi down-regulated line in which β1,2-xylosyltransferase and α1,3-fucosyltransferase gene expression is silenced. The three antibody variants (H10-Mut) (H10-SEKDEL) (H10(XylT/FucT)) were transiently expressed, purified and characterised for their glycosylation profile, expre... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5593965 Thu, 12 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5593965 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5557575&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22203520%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lin CY, Ku HM, Chiang YH, Ho HY, Yu TA, Jan FJ Abstract Watermelon, an important fruit crop worldwide, is prone to attack by several viruses that often results in destructive yield loss. To develop a transgenic watermelon resistant to multiple virus infection, a single chimeric transgene comprising a silencer DNA from the partial N gene of Watermelon silver mottle virus (WSMoV) fused to the partial coat protein (CP) gene sequences of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) and Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) was constructed and transformed into watermelon (cv. Feeling) via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Single or multiple transgene copies randomly inserted into various locations in the genome were confirmed by Southern blot analysis. T... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5557575 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5557575 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5557576&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22200984%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bravo-Almonacid F, Rudoy V, Welin B, Segretin ME, Bedogni MC, Stolowicz F, Criscuolo M, Foti M, Gomez M, López M, Serino G, Cabral S, Dos Santos C, Huarte M, Mentaberry A Abstract Solanum tuberosum ssp. tuberosum (cv. Spunta) was transformed with a chimeric transgene containing the Potato virus Y (PVY) coat protein (CP) sequence. Screening for PVY resistance under greenhouse conditions yielded over 100 independent candidate lines. Successive field testing of selected lines allowed the identification of two genetically stable PVY-resistant lines, SY230 and SY233, which were further evaluated in field trials at different potato-producing regions in Argentina. In total, more than 2,000 individuals from each line were tested along a 6-year period. While no or negligible PVY i... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5557576 Tue, 27 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5557576 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5543629&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22198484%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhang L, Lu D, Zhang W, Quan X, Dong W, Xu Y, Zhang L Abstract Hepcidin 1 (Hepc1) is a peptide hormone secreted by the liver in response to iron loading. It is expressed in the heart and is thought to play a role in the regulation of iron homeostasis in an autocrine and paracrine fashion. We have shown that expression of Hepc1 is strongly down-regulated in the heart of the cTnT(R141W) transgenic mouse model of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) at 3 months of age. Transgenic mice with heart tissue-specific Hepc1 expression alone or in combination with the cTnT(R141W) mutation were produced to study the effects of Hepc1 on DCM. Transgenic expression of Hepc1 was found to be nonlethal and resulted in decreased mortality in cTnT(R141W) transgenic mice, from 29.6 to 7.4%(n  = 27;... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5543629 Sat, 24 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5543629 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5523465&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22183687%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Schnell JA, Treyvaud-Amiguet V, Arnason JT, Johnson DA Abstract The feasibility of genetically engineering soybean seed coats to divert metabolism towards the production of novel biochemicals was tested. The genes phbA, phbB, phbC from Ralstonia eutropha each under the control of the seed coat peroxidase promoter were introduced into soybean and the production of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) was assayed. The analysis of seed coats arising from 4 independent transformation events demonstrated that PHB was produced at a mean of 0.12% seed coat dried weight with individual values up to 0.36%. These values demonstrate that it is possible to metabolically engineer soybean seed coats. PMID: 22183687 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Transgenic Research) Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5523465 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5523465 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5523466&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22180015%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cerrada-Gimenez M, Tusa M, Casellas A, Pirinen E, Moya M, Bosch F, Alhonen L Abstract Ubiquitous activation of polyamine catabolism has been demonstrated to have protective effects in mice on fat accumulation and insulin sensitivity/glucose tolerance in, both, normal conditions and after a high fat diet. We have analyzed the endocrine pancreas functionality in four months-old male mice overexpressing the rate limiting enzyme in the polyamine catabolism, spermidine/spermine N (1)-acetyltransferase (SSAT). The pancreatic SSAT activity was 37-fold elevated in the transgenic mice, which reduced the total pancreatic and islet pools of spermidine (71%) and spermine (69%), and increased putrescine and N (1)-acetyl spermidine. Reduction in the islet ATP levels ... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5523466 Sun, 18 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5523466 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5523468&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22173943%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Huber RC, Remuge L, Carlisle A, Lillico S, Sandøe P, Sørensen DB, Whitelaw CB, Olsson IA Abstract Since large animal transgenesis has been successfully attempted for the first time about 25 years ago, the technology has been applied in various lines of transgenic pigs. Nevertheless one of the concerns with the technology-animal welfare-has not been approached through systematic assessment and statements regarding the welfare of transgenic pigs have been based on anecdotal observations during early stages of transgenic programs. The main aim of the present study was therefore to perform an extensive welfare assessment comparing heterozygous transgenic animals expressing GFP with wildtype animals along various stages of post natal development. The protocol used covered re... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5523468 Fri, 16 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5523468 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5523467&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22173944%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study we analyzed development of the heart in conventional and conditional Pak4 knockout mice and embryos. We found that in conventional Pak4 knockout mice cardiogenesis is strongly affected from early developmental stages and by E9.5, hearts of Pak4 (-/-) embryos developed multiple profound deficits. Conditional deletion of Pak4 in the progenitors of the secondary heart field led to abnormal development of the outflow tract, in which the pulmonary artery had a smaller diameter, and the aortal wall was thinner than in wildtype mice. The conditional knockout mice also displayed the characteristic enlargement of the right ventricles and right atria. Pak4 (-/-) embryos and cardiomyocytes in which PAK4 was depleted exhibited low levels of LIMK1, a protein that plays... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5523467 Fri, 16 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5523467 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5504066&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22167485%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Anders K, Buschow C, Charo J, Blankenstein T Abstract The tetracycline (Tet) system is widely used for regulation of gene expression in vitro and in vivo. We constructed C57BL/6 transgenic mice (rtTA-CM2) with strong and ubiquitous reverse transactivator (rtTA2(S)-M2) gene expression. rtTA-CM2 mice were crossed to Tet-responsive reporter mice (LC-1) conditionally expressing the firefly luciferase (FLuc) gene under control of a Tet-responsive element, which allowed sensitive quantification of the transactivator activity by bioluminescent imaging. Following doxycycline (dox) application, up to 10(5)-fold increase in BL signal was measured. rtTA activity was inducible in most analyzed organs. After dox withdrawal the BL signal decreased significantly but did not disappear com... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5504066 Wed, 14 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5504066 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5504068&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22160436%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, Osx-Cre expressing mice display a delayed growth phenotype in the absence of doxycycline treatment, evidenced by decreased cortical bone expansion and accrual at 6 weeks of age, as an indirect result of decreased body weight. While this delay in growth is overcome by adulthood at 12 weeks of age, caution together with appropriate data analysis must be considered when assessing the experimental data from skeletally immature Cre/loxP knockout mice generated using the Osx-Cre mouse line to avoid misinterpretation. PMID: 22160436 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Transgenic Research) Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5504068 Tue, 13 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5504068 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5504067&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22160463%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Checker VG, Chhibbar AK, Khurana P Abstract Coping with different kinds of biotic and abiotic stresses is the foundation of sustainable agriculture. Although conventional breeding and marker-assisted selection are being employed in mulberry (Morus indica L.) to develop better varieties, nonetheless the longer time periods required for these approaches necessitates the use of precise biotechnological approaches for sustainable agriculture. In an attempt to improve stress tolerance of mulberry, an important plant of the sericulture industry, an encoding late embryogenesis abundant gene from barley (HVA1) was introduced into mulberry plants by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Transgenic mulberry with barley Hva1 under a constitutive promoter actin1 was shown to enhance ... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5504067 Fri, 09 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5504067 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5504069&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22146867%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Duan H, Richael C, Rommens CM Abstract Potato virus Y (PVY) is the most important viral pathogen of cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum) from a commercial perspective, causing severe losses in both tuber quality and yield worldwide. Specific accessions of wild potato species exhibit resistance against PVY but efforts to transfer the trait to cultivated material have not yielded widely adopted varieties. Because amino acid substitutions at specific domains of host factor eIF4E-1 often confer resistance to various crops, we sequenced the associated genes expressed in wild potato plants. A novel eIF4E-1 variant, designated here as Eva1, was identified in S. chacoense, S. demissum, and S. etuberosum. The protein contains amino acid substitutions at ten different pos... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5504069 Wed, 07 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5504069 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5469499&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22120952%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Carstens K, Anderson J, Bachman P, De Schrijver A, Dively G, Federici B, Hamer M, Gielkens M, Jensen P, Lamp W, Rauschen S, Ridley G, Romeis J, Waggoner A Abstract Environmental risk assessments (ERA) support regulatory decisions for the commercial cultivation of genetically modified (GM) crops. The ERA for terrestrial agroecosystems is well-developed, whereas guidance for ERA of GM crops in aquatic ecosystems is not as well-defined. The purpose of this document is to demonstrate how comprehensive problem formulation can be used to develop a conceptual model and to identify potential exposure pathways, using Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) maize as a case study. Within problem formulation, the insecticidal trait, the crop, the receiving environment, and protection goals were c... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5469499 Sat, 26 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5469499 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5469500&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22101927%26dopt%3DAbstract This study confirms that expression of the Pflp gene in banana results in enhanced resistance to BXW. This transgenic technology can provide a timely solution to the BXW pandemic. PMID: 22101927 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Transgenic Research) Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5469500 Sat, 19 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5469500 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5408075&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22083247%26dopt%3DAbstract This report identifies the suppression of PA genes to be a novel approach for engineering pigmentation in soybean grains. PMID: 22083247 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Transgenic Research) Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5408075 Tue, 15 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5408075 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5408074&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22083248%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 22083248 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Transgenic Research) Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5408074 Tue, 15 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5408074 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5408076&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22065301%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yang J, Ordiz MI, Semenyuk EG, Kelly B, Beachy RN Abstract The ability to regulate spatial and temporal expression of genes is a useful tool in biotechnology as well as studies of functional genomics. Such regulation can provide information concerning the function of a gene in a developmental context while avoiding potential harmful effects due to constitutive overexpression of the gene. A GUS gene construct that uses the ecdysone receptor-based chemically inducible system and several different tissue-specific promoters was introduced into the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana and into the crop plant Brassica juncea. Here we describe the results of studies showing that this system provides both temporal and spatial control of transgene expression, and confirm that this syst... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5408076 Tue, 08 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5408076 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5408077&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22057506%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mikschofsky H, Broer I Abstract Based on its high protein content and excellent storage capacity, pea (Pisum sativum), as well as other plants, is considered to be a suitable production platform for protein-based pharmaceuticals. Its capacity to produce high proportions of active recombinant proteins (up to 2% total soluble protein corresponding to approximately 8 mg/g fresh weight) has been proven using pea-derived strong seed-specific promoters. The active antigens produced were also stable for more than 4 years. Pea can be used as a feed additive, up to a proportion of 30% to total feed, despite the presence of lectins. Thus, a low dosage of recombinant pea-based pharmaceuticals is non-hazardous. In addition, it is independent of N-fertilisation, has excellent biosafe... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5408077 Sun, 06 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5408077 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5372791&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22038449%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhong GY, Yang Y Abstract We generated 12 different mutations in the grape Gibberellin Insensitive1 (VvGAI1) sequences, transformed them into Arabidopsis under the control of 35S, Arabidopsis GAI or grape GAI1 promoter, and evaluated the impact of these mutant alleles on plant growth and development. These VvGAI1 sequence variants included some mimics of the known GAI-like mutant alleles discovered in grape, wheat, barley, corn, Brassica, and Arabidopsis. In general, plant height and related traits such as length of internodes and inflorescences were significantly reduced for most of the mutant alleles studied, regardless of which promoter was used. Interestingly, the numbers of rosette leaves and lateral branches were generally reduced when a 35S promoter was used to expr... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5372791 Sat, 29 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5372791 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5372792&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22038448%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhang L, Zhou Y, Zhu AY, Li XQ, Mundt SS, Gao L, Lisnock J, Hernandez M, Alonso-Galicia M, Springer MS, O'Neill EA, Daugherty BL, Puig O Abstract Metabolic syndrome is a combination of medical disorders that increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Constitutive overexpression of 11β-HSD1 in adipose tissue in mice leads to metabolic syndrome. In the process of generating transgenic mice overexpressing 11β-HSD1 in an inducible manner, we found a metabolic syndrome phenotype in control, transgenic mice, expressing the reverse tetracycline-transactivator (rtTA) in adipose tissue. The control mice exhibited all four sequelae of metabolic syndrome (visceral obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension), a pro-inflammatory state and m... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5372792 Wed, 26 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5372792 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5372790&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22038450%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jiang SY, Bhalla R, Ramamoorthy R, Luan HF, Venkatesh PN, Cai M, Ramachandran S Abstract Both drought and high salinity stresses are major abiotic factors that limit the yield of agricultural crops. Transgenic techniques have been regarded as effective ways to improve crops in their tolerance to these abiotic stresses. Functional characterization of genes is the prerequisite to identify candidates for such improvement. Here, we have investigated the biological functions of an Oryza sativa Ribosome-inactivating protein gene 18 (OSRIP18) by ectopically expressing this gene under the control of CaMV 35S promoter in the rice genome. We have generated 11 independent transgenic rice plants and all of them showed significantly increased tolerance to drought and high salinity stre... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5372790 Wed, 26 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5372790 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5372793&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22038447%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we attempted to create Tg pigs by intracytoplasmic sperm injection-mediated gene transfer (ICSI-MGT) using two large genomic transgenes derived from a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) containing the full genomic region encoding two human proteins, type I collagen and albumin. The production efficiencies (Tg piglets/live offspring) of type I collagen and albumin Tg pigs were 11.8% (6/51) and 18.2% (2/11), respectively. In all of the Tg pigs examined by real-time PCR analysis, tissue-specific expression of the transgene was confirmed (type I collagen: skin, tendon, vessels, genitalia; albumin: liver). The production of human proteins derived from BAC transgenes was also confirmed. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis indicated that the BAC transgenes transferred in... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5372793 Tue, 25 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5372793 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5356728&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22020980%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we compared the gene targeting efficiencies of two rAAV-BRCA1 KO targeting constructs in Yucatan and Göttingen minipig fibroblasts. The homology arms of the constructs consisted exclusively of exonic sequences amplified by PCR from Yucatan genomic DNA. The sequences were identical to those of the reference porcine genome of a Duroc sow (Ensembl Susscrofa 9) and the BRCA1 gene of the Landrace breed (NCBI acc. no. AB271921). Surprisingly, we found that the very efficient gene targeting observed for Yucatan fibroblasts (35% targeting efficiency) was completely absent using either of the two constructs in Göttingen fibroblasts. Sequencing of the relevant BRCA1 exon 11 region (~2 kb) in the Göttingen minipig revealed three single nucleotide differences in the sequence targete... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5356728 Sat, 22 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5356728 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5356727&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22020981%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kasparek P, Krenek P, Buryova H, Suchanova S, Beck IM, Sedlacek R Abstract The epidermis is a stratified tissue composed of different keratinocyte layers that create a barrier protecting the body from external influences, pathogens, and dehydration. The barrier function is mainly achieved by its outermost layer, the stratum corneum. To create a mouse model to study pathophysiological processes in the outermost layers of the epidermis in vivo and in vitro we prepared a construct containing red fluorescent td-Tomato reporter sequence under the control of involucrin promoter and its first intron. Transgenic mice were generated by pronuclear injection and the expression and regulation of the transgene was determined by in vivo imaging and fluorescent microscopy. The promoter t... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5356727 Sat, 22 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5356727 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5356730&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22002083%26dopt%3DAbstract We describe such an experiment for several commercial insect-resistant transgenic maize events in conditions similar to those found in maize-growing regions of Mexico. As expected from comparative risk assessments, the transgenic maize was found to behave similarly to non-transgenic maize and to be non-invasive. The value of this experiment in assessing and communicating the negligible ecological risk posed by the low invasiveness potential of insect-resistant transgenic maize in Mexico is discussed. PMID: 22002083 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Transgenic Research) Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5356730 Sat, 15 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5356730 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5356729&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22002084%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yamamoto S, Nakata M, Sasada R, Ooshima Y, Yano T, Shinozawa T, Tsukimi Y, Takeyama M, Matsumoto Y, Hashimoto T Abstract One of the remarkable achievements in knockout (KO) rat production reported during the period 2008-2010 is the derivation of authentic embryonic stem (ES) cells from rat blastocysts using a novel culture medium containing glycogen synthase kinase 3 and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitors (2i medium). Here, we report gene-targeting technology via homologous recombination in rat ES cells, demonstrating its use through production of a protease-activated receptor-2 gene (Par-2) KO rat. We began by generating germline-competent ES cells from Dark Agouti rats using 2i medium. These ES cells, which differentiate into cardiomyocytes in vitro, can ... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5356729 Sat, 15 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5356729 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5356731&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21983813%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jiang W, Zhou XY, Wang LL, Liu Q, Liu C, Wang Y, Wei H Abstract Xenogeneic skin, especially porcine skin, has already been used to cover large wounds in clinic practice of wound care. Our previous data showed that transgenic expression of human cytoxic T-lymphocyte associated antigen4-immunoglobulin (hCTLA4Ig) in murine skin graft remarkably prolonged its survival in xenogeneic burn wounds without extensive immunosuppression in recipients, suggesting that transgenic hCTLA4Ig expression in skin graft may be an effective and safe method to prolong its survival in xenogeneic wounds for coverage. Lentiviral transgenesis provides an extremely efficient and cost-effective method to produce transgenic animals. However, tissue-targeted transgenic expression of biologically functio... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5356731 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5356731 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5224390&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21922381%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 21922381 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Transgenic Research) Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5224390 Sat, 17 Sep 2011 15:12:13 +0100 5224390 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5224392&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21918820%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Suttiprapa S, Rinaldi G, Brindley PJ Abstract Vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSVG) pseudotyped murine leukemia virus (MLV) virions can transduce schistosomes, leading to chromosomal integration of reporter transgenes. To develop VSVG-MLV for functional genomics in schistosomes, the influence of the chicken β-globin cHS4 element, a prototypic chromatin insulator, on transgene expression was examined. Plasmid pLNHX encoding the MLV 5'- and 3'-Long Terminal Repeats flanking the neomycin phosphotransferase gene (neo) was modified to include, within the U3 region of the 3'-LTR, active components of cHS4 insulator, the 250 bp core fused to the 400 bp 3'-region. Cultured larvae of Schistosoma mansoni were transduced with virions from producer cells transfected with c... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5224392 Thu, 15 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5224392 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5224391&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21918821%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we generated a mfat-1 transgenic cattle expressed a Caenorhabditis elegans gene, mfat-1, encoding an n-3 fatty acid desaturase. Fatty acids analysis of tissue and milk showed that all of the examined n-3 PUAFs were greatly increased and simultaneously the n-6 PUAFs decreased in the transgenic cow. A significantly reduction of n-6/n-3 ratios (P < 0.05) in both tissue and milk were observed. PMID: 21918821 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Transgenic Research) Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5224391 Thu, 15 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5224391 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5224394&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21912851%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study we set out to identify alternative bacteria species that could (a) utilize vir genes for genetic transformation and (b) substitute for A. tumefaciens in existing transformation protocols, without a prerequisite for protocol modifications. To this end we isolated a collection (n = 751) of plant-associated bacteria from the rhizosphere of commercially grown crops. Based on various screens, including plant transformation with the open-source vector pCAMBIA5105, we identified a strain of the bacterium Ensifer adhaerens with the capacity to transform both Arabidopsis thaliana (0.12%) and potato (mean transformation frequency 35.1%). Thereafter, Ensifer adhaerens was used to generate blight- (causative organism Phytophthora infestans) resistant potato using the Solanum bulbocasta... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5224394 Tue, 13 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5224394 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5224393&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21912852%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Li WJ, Dai LL, Chai ZJ, Yin ZJ, Qu LQ Abstract 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) are important sequence elements that modulate the expression of genes. We evaluated the potential of the 3'-UTRs of 9 seed storage protein (SSP) genes as terminators in enhancing the expression of the β-glucuronidase (gus A) reporter gene driven by the glutelin GluB-3 promoter in stable transgenic rice lines. Six of the 3'-UTRs significantly enhanced the activity of the GluB-3 promoter without changing its tissue specificity but altered its expression pattern in endosperm. With the 3'-UTRs of GluB-5, GluA-2 and GluC, the expression of gus A was higher by 3.12-, 2.45- and 2.14-fold, respectively, than with the Nos terminator. These three 3'-UTRs, combined with GluC, Ubi-1 and CaMV35S promoters, a... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5224393 Tue, 13 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5224393 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5213287&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21904913%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Marconi G, Albertini E, Mari A, Palazzo P, Porceddu A, Raggi L, Bolis L, Lancioni H, Palomba A, Lucentini L, Lanfaloni L, Marcucci F, Falcinelli M, Panara F Abstract European (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) and American (Dermatophagoides farinae) house dust mite species are considered the most common causes of asthma and allergic symptoms worldwide. Der p 1 protein, one of the main allergens of D. pteronyssinus, is found in high concentration in mites faecal pellets, which can became easily airborne and, when inhaled, can cause perennial rhinitis and bronchial asthma. Here we report the isolation of the Der p 1 gene from an Italian strain of D. pteronyssinus and the PVX-mediated expression of its mature form (I-rDer p 1) in Nicotiana benthamiana plants. Human sera from ch... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5213287 Fri, 09 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5213287 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5213288&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21898271%26dopt%3DAbstract This study demonstrates that doubling the donor field size resulted in an approximate increase of GM content in the receptor field of 7%. This indicates that variations in the size of the donor field have a smaller influence on GM content than variations in the size of the receptor field. PMID: 21898271 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Transgenic Research) Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5213288 Sun, 04 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5213288 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5183418&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21881921%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Serova IA, Dvoryanchikov GA, Andreeva LE, Burkov IA, Dias LP, Battulin NR, Smirnov AV, Serov OL Abstract A new expression vector containing the 1,944 bp 5'-flanking regulatory region together with exon 1 and intron 1 of the goat alpha-S1-casein gene (CSN1S1), the full-sized human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor gene (hGCSF) and the 3'-flanking sequence of the bovine CSN1S1, was created. The vector DNA was used for generation of four mouse transgenic lines. The transgene was integrated into chromosomes 8 and 12 of two founders as 2 and 5 copies, respectively. Tissue-specific secretion of hG-CSF into the milk of transgenic mice was in the range of 19-40 μg/ml. RT-PCR analysis of various tissues of the transgenic mice demonstrated that expression of hGCSF was detecte... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5183418 Wed, 31 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5183418 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5170176&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21870117%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hoffert JD, Pisitkun T, Miller RL Abstract Transgenic and conditional knockout mouse models play an important role in biomedical research and their use has grown exponentially in the last 5-10 years. Generating conditional knockouts often requires breeding multiple alleles onto the background of a single mouse or group of mice. Breeding these mice depends on parental genotype, litter size, transmission frequency, and the number of breeding rounds. Therefore, a well planned breeding strategy is critical for keeping costs to a minimum. However, designing a viable breeding strategy can be challenging. With so many different variables this would be an ideal task for a computer program. To facilitate this process, we created a Java-based program called Conditional Allele Mouse... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5170176 Thu, 25 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5170176 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5170178&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21863247%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, our results demonstrated that GHR overexpression does not induce hypertrophic muscle growth in transgenic zebrafish probably because of SOCS impairment of the GHR/IGF-I pathway, culminating in IGF-I and muscle proteins decrease. Therefore, it seems that hypertrophy and hyperplasia follow two different routes for entire muscle growth, both of them triggered by GHR activation, but regulated by different mechanisms. PMID: 21863247 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Transgenic Research) Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5170178 Tue, 23 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5170178 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5170177&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21863248%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kundel DW, Stromquist E, Greene AL, Zhdankin O, Regal RR, Rose-Hellekant TA Abstract NOP16, also known as HSPC111, has been identified as a MYC and estrogen regulated gene in in vitro studies, hence coexpression levels were strongly correlated. Importantly, high expression of NOP16 was associated with poor clinical outcome in breast cancer patients. However, coexpression of NOP16, MYC and estrogen receptor (ESR1) varied widely in tumors and cell lines suggesting that transcriptional regulation differed according to pathological environments. The goal of this study was to determine the expression patterns of Nop16, Myc and Esr1 in murine mammary tumors with disparate histopathological and molecular features. We hypothesized that tumor environments with relatively high Myc l... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5170177 Tue, 23 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5170177 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5146981&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21853295%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Montoliu L Abstract The analysis of transgenic and knockout mice always involves the establishment of matings with individuals carrying different loci, segregating independently, whose presence is expected among the progeny, according to a Mendelian distribution. The appearance of distorted inheritance ratios suggests the existence of unexpected lethal or sub-lethal phenotypes associated with some genotypes. These situations are common in a number of cases, including: testing transgenic founder mice for germ-line transmission of their transgenes; setting up heterozygous crosses to obtain homozygous individuals, both for transgenic and knockout mice; establishing matings between floxed mouse lines and suitable cre transgenic mouse lines, etc. The Pearson's χ(2) test can be... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5146981 Thu, 18 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5146981 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5146980&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21853296%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nykiforuk CL, Shewmaker C, Harry I, Yurchenko OP, Zhang M, Reed C, Oinam GS, Zaplachinski S, Fidantsef A, Boothe JG, Moloney MM Abstract Gamma linolenic acid (GLA; C18:3Δ6,9,12 cis), also known as γ-Linolenic acid, is an important essential fatty acid precursor for the synthesis of very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and important pathways involved in human health. GLA is synthesized from linoleic acid (LA; C18:2Δ9,12 cis) by endoplasmic reticulum associated Δ6-desaturase activity. Currently sources of GLA are limited to a small number of plant species with poor agronomic properties, and therefore an economical and abundant commercial source of GLA in an existing crop is highly desirable. To this end, the seed oil of a high LA cultivated species of safflower (C... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5146980 Thu, 18 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5146980 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5132788&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21826492%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sommer JR, Jackson LR, Simpson SG, Collins EB, Piedrahita JA, Petters RM The male germ line in mammals is composed of self-renewing cells, spermatogonia, the meiotic spermatocytes and spermiogenic spermatids. Identification of these cell stages in vitro has been problematic. Transgenic animals expressing a marker gene with a promoter specific to certain cell stages in the testis would be a useful approach to identifying these cells in a viable state. Towards this end, we have produced transgenic pigs expressing mitochondrial localized enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP-mito) under control of the germ cell specific Stimulated by Retinoic Acid 8 (Stra8) promoter. Stra8 has been shown to be expressed in pre-meiotic germ cells of mice. Twelve clones harboring the Stra8-EYFP... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5132788 Mon, 08 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5132788 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5132789&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21811802%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Smirnova OG, Ibragimova SS, Kochetov AV The experiments with transgenic plants frequently demand selection of promoters providing appropriate transcription patterns. The set of promoters commonly used in vectors and genetic constructs is very limited, and these promoters provide only a few variants of gene expression patterns. Moreover, identical promoters in a complex construct can induce transgene silencing. This problem can be solved using a variety of plant gene promoters with experimentally verified characteristics. However, this requires a time-consuming analysis of literature data. Here, we describe a database of plant promoters (TransGene Promoters, TGP; http://wwwmgs.bionet.nsc.ru/mgs/dbases/tgp/home.html ). TGP contains the information on genomic DNA segments providi... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5132789 Tue, 02 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5132789 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5132790&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21809094%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ménoret S, Tesson L, Remy S, Usal C, Iscache AL, Thynard R, Nguyen TH, Anegon I PMID: 21809094 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Transgenic Research) Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5132790 Mon, 01 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5132790 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5086158&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21805108%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Liu S, Li X, Lu D, Shang S, Wang M, Zheng M, Zhang R, Tang B, Li Q, Dai Y, Li N Transgenesis has been used for expressing human lysozyme (hLZ) in the milk of livestock to improve their disease resistance. Here we describe a human lactoferrin (hLF) BAC as a candidate vector for high-level expression of hLZ in the milk of transgenic mice. Using recombineering, hLF genomic DNA in the hLF BAC was replaced by the hLZ gene (from the ATG start codon to the TAA stop codon), and flanking regions of the hLF gene (a 90-kb 5' and a 30-kb 3') were used as transcriptional control elements for hLZ expression. When this construct was used to generate transgenic mice, rhLZ was highly expressed in the milk of four transgenic mouse lines (1.20-1.76 g/L), was expressed at a lower level in one ad... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5086158 Fri, 29 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5086158 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5086159&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21800101%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of this review is to provide physician-scientists with an expansive historical and logistical overview of the creation of mouse models of human disease through gene transfer technologies. Our expectation is that this will facilitate on-going disease research studies and may initiate new areas of translational research leading to enhanced patient care. PMID: 21800101 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Transgenic Research) Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5086159 Thu, 28 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5086159 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5086160&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21792696%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yamaguchi J, Nishiyama S, Shimanuki M, Ono T, Sato A, Nakada K, Hayashi JI, Yonekawa H, Shitara H Mitochondria are essential for many cellular functions such as oxidative phosphorylation and calcium homeostasis; consequently, mitochondrial dysfunction could cause many diseases, including neurological disorders. Recently, mitochondrial dynamics, such as fusion, fission, and transportation, have been visualized in living cells by using time-lapse imaging systems. The changes in mitochondrial morphology could be an indicator for estimating the activity of mitochondrial biological function. Here, we report a transgenic mouse strain, mtDsRed2-Tg, which expresses a red fluorescent protein, DsRed2, exclusively in mitochondria. Mitochondrial morphology could be clearly observed in var... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5086160 Tue, 26 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5086160 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5037243&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21732188%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pereyra-Bonnet F, Bevacqua R, La Rosa I, Sipowicz P, Radrizzani M, Fernandez-Martin R, Salamone D PMID: 21732188 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Transgenic Research) Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5037243 Tue, 05 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5037243 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5037242&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21732189%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lee WJ, Kraus P, Lufkin T Gene expression is usually studied at the transcript level rather than at the protein level due to the lack of a specific and sensitive antibody. A way to overcome this is to fuse to the protein of interest an immunoreactive tag that has well-characterized antibodies. This epitope tagging approach is often used for in vitro experiments but for in vivo studies, the success rate of protein tagging has not been extensively analyzed and our study seeks to cover the void. A small epitope, hemaglutinin derived from the influenza virus was used to tag a transcription factor, Sox5 at the N-terminal via homologous recombination in the mouse. Sox5 is part of the Sry-related high-mobility-group box gene family and plays multiple roles in essential biological pro... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5037242 Tue, 05 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5037242 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5037244&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21725856%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ray S, Kapoor S, Tyagi AK Two abiotic stress-inducible upstream regulatory sequences (URSs) from rice have been identified and functionally characterized in rice. NBS-Str1 and BLEC-Str8 genes have been identified, by analysing the transcriptome data of cold, salt and desiccation stress-treated 7-day-old rice (Oryza sativa L. var. IR64) seedling, to be preferentially responsive to desiccation and salt stress, respectively. NBS-Str1 and BLEC-Str8 genes code for putative NBS (nucleotide binding site)-LRR (leucine rich repeat) and β-lectin domain protein, respectively. NBS-Str1 URS is induced in root tissue, preferentially in vascular bundle, during 3 and 24 h of desiccation stress condition in transgenic 7-day-old rice seedling. In mature transgenic plants, this URS shows induc... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5037244 Sat, 02 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5037244 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4993251&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21706181%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: R Shukurov R, D Voblikova V, Nikonorova AK, Komakhin RA, V Komakhina V, A Egorov T, V Grishin E, V Babakov A Two novel antifungal hevein-like peptides, SmAMP1.1a and SmAMP2.2a, were previously isolated from seeds of Stellaria media. It has been established that these peptides accumulate in this weed as a result of proteolysis of two propeptides, pro-SmAMP1 and pro-SmAMP2. The primary structure of these propeptides is unique; in addition to having a signal peptide and negatively charged C-terminus, each of these structures consists of two hevein-like peptides of different length separated by a space rather than a single peptide. In this work, we demonstrated that the expression of the pro-SmAMP1 and pro-SmAMP2 genes was tissue-specific and increased substantially under exposure... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4993251 Fri, 24 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4993251 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4993252&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21701953%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Arif M, Azhar U, Arshad M, Zafar Y, Mansoor S, Asad S RNA silencing technology has become the tool of choice for inducing resistance against viruses in plants. A significant discovery of this technology is that double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), which is diced into small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), is a potent trigger for RNA silencing. By exploiting this phenomenon in transgenic plants, it is possible to confer high level of virus resistance by specific targeting of cognate viral RNA. In order to maximize the efficiency and versatility of the vector-based siRNA approach, we have constructed a chimeric expression vector containing three partial gene sequences derived from the ORF2 gene of Potato virus X, Helper Component Protease gene of Potato virus Y and Coat protein gene of Potato... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4993252 Thu, 23 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4993252 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4993253&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21688166%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, the non-target effects of Bt rice "KMD2" expressing a Cry1Ab protein on the performance of the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens, over multiple generations were evaluated under laboratory and field conditions. In the laboratory, BPH was reared to observe the impact of the Bt rice as compared to its parental non-Bt cultivar Xiushui 11, while the population dynamics and oviposition performance of BPH were investigated in the field. The survival of BPH nymphs fed Bt and non-Bt rice did not differ significantly. The nymph developmental duration of BPH was significantly delayed by the Bt rice by comparison with the non-Bt rice for the 1st and 2nd but not the 4th generation. Most importantly, the fecundity of BPH on the Bt rice was significantly decreased in every genera... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4993253 Sat, 18 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4993253 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4943474&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21681483%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Paul L, Angevin F, Collonnier C, Messéan A To respect the European labelling threshold for the adventitious presence of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in food and feed, stakeholders mainly rely on real-time PCR analysis, which provides a measurement expressed as a percentage of GM-DNA. However, this measurement veils the complexity of gene flow, especially in the case of gene stacking. We have investigated the impact of gene stacking on adventitious GM presence due to pollen flow and seed admixture as well as its translation in terms of the percentage of GM-DNA in a non-GM maize harvest. In the case of varieties bearing one to four stacked events, we established a set of relationships between the percentage of GM kernels and the percentage of GM-DNA in a non-GM harvest... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4943474 Thu, 16 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4943474 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4943475&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21660481%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Noh SA, Lee HS, Huh GH, Oh MJ, Paek KH, Shin JS, Bae JM Harvestable, starch-storing organs of plants, such as fleshy taproots and tubers, are important agronomic products that are also suitable target organs for use in the molecular farming of recombinant proteins due to their strong sink strength. To exploit a promoter directing strong expression restricted to these storage organs, we isolated the promoter region (3.0 kb) of SRD1 from sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas cv. 'White Star') and characterized its activity in transgenic Arabidopsis, carrot, and potato using the β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene (uidA) as a reporter gene. The SRD1 promoter conferred root-specific expression in transgenic Arabidopsis, with SRD1 promoter activity increasing in response to exogenous IAA. A time-c... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4943475 Thu, 09 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4943475 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4943476&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21656205%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Petibone DM, Kulkarni RM, Chang CW, Chen JJ, Morris SM Our laboratory is conducting experiments designed to characterize the role of p53 in gene expression in the TSG-p53® mouse model. In the study reported here, gene expression levels in tissue derived from the testis, liver, and heart of male, 8-9 week old, p53 wild-type (WT), heterozygous (HET) or knockout (KO) mice were determined utilizing a targeted qPCR 84-gene array. The heart, liver and testis were selected because of the unique function and rate of cell division of each tissue. The genes on the arrays were categorized into three Functional Gene Groups, Apoptosis, Cell-Cycle and DNA Repair. Differences in expression of the functional groups were determined by multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and significan... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4943476 Wed, 08 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4943476 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4894090&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21614586%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chow JD, Price JT, Bills MM, Simpson ER, Boon WC Aromatase converts androgens to estrogens and it is expressed in gonads and non-reproductive tissues (e.g. brain and adipose tissues). As circulating levels of estrogens in males are low, we hypothesize that local estrogen production is important for the regulation of physiological functions (e.g. metabolism) and pathological development (e.g. breast and prostate cancers) by acting in a paracrine and/or intracrine manner. We generated a tissue-specific doxycycline-inducible, aromatase transgenic mouse to test this hypothesis. The transgene construct (pTetOAROM) consists of a full-length human aromatase cDNA (hAROM) and a luciferase gene under the control of a bi-directional tetracycline-responsive promoter (pTetO), which is regu... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4894090 Wed, 25 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4894090 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4894091&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21607784%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sanvido O, Romeis J, Bigler F The ability to decide what kind of environmental changes observed during post-market environmental monitoring of genetically modified (GM) crops represent environmental harm is an essential part of most legal frameworks regulating the commercial release of GM crops into the environment. Among others, such decisions are necessary to initiate remedial measures or to sustain claims of redress linked to environmental liability. Given that consensus on criteria to evaluate 'environmental harm' has not yet been found, there are a number of challenges for risk managers when interpreting GM crop monitoring data for environmental decision-making. In the present paper, we argue that the challenges in decision-making have four main causes. The first three ca... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4894091 Mon, 23 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4894091 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4848986&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21597979%26dopt%3DAbstract This study demonstrated for the first time the screening of the entire genome of a monopartite begomovirus to discover viral DNA fragments that might be suitable for conferring virus resistance, and which could be potential candidates for developing transgenic plants with durable and broad-spectrum resistance to a DNA virus via a gene silencing approach. PMID: 21597979 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Transgenic Research) Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4848986 Thu, 19 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4848986 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4848987&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21584838%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Vijayan S, Kirti PB Mungbean, Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek is an important pulse crop that is widely cultivated in semi- arid tropics. The crop is attacked by various soil-borne pathogens like Rhizoctonia solani, which causes dry rot disease and seriously affects its productivity. Earlier we characterized the non-expressor of pathogenesis related gene-1(BjNPR1) of mustard, Brassica juncea, the counterpart of AtNPR1 of Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we transformed mungbean with BjNPR1 via Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Because of the recalcitrant nature of mungbean, the effect of some factors like Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains (GV2260 and LBA4404), pH, L: -cysteine and tobacco leaf extract was tested in transformation. The transgenic status of 15 plants was confirmed by PCR using pr... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4848987 Mon, 16 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4848987 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4848988&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21567183%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bouabe H, Moser M, Heesemann J PMID: 21567183 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Transgenic Research) Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4848988 Thu, 12 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4848988 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4848989&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21556691%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Su CF, Kuo IC, Chen PW, Huang CH, Seow SV, Chua KY, Yu SM Der p 2, a major allergen of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus mites, is one of the most clinically relevant allergens to allergic patients worldwide. FIP-fve protein (Fve) from the golden needle mushroom (Flammulina velutipes) is an immunomodulatory protein with potential Th1-skewed adjuvant properties. Here, we produced and immunologically evaluated a Der p 2-Fve fusion protein as a potential immunotherapeutic for allergic diseases. Using an inducible expression system in cultured rice suspension cells, the recombinant Der p 2-Fve fusion protein (designated as OsDp2Fve) was expressed in rice cells under the control of an α-amylase gene (αAmy8) promoter and secreted under sucrose starvation. OsDp2Fve was partially purif... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4848989 Mon, 09 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4848989 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4848990&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21553074%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wallner B, Leitner NR, Vielnascher RM, Kernbauer E, Kolbe T, Karaghiosoff M, Rülicke T, Decker T, Müller M Interferons (IFNs) are key cytokines in the innate immune response that also bridge the gap to adaptive immunity. Signaling upon stimulation by IFN type I, II and III is mediated by the Jak-Stat pathway. STAT1 is activated by all three IFN receptor complexes and absence of STAT1 from mice increases their susceptibility to pathogens. In addition, depending on the setting, STAT1 can act as tumor suppressor or oncogene. Here we report the generation and detailed functional characterization of a conditional Stat1 knockout mouse. We show the integrity of the conditional Stat1 locus and report successful in vivo deletion by means of a ubiquitous and a tissue-specific Cre reco... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4848990 Fri, 06 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4848990 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4848991&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21547424%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pan PW, Parkkila AK, Autio S, Hilvo M, Sormunen R, Pastorekova S, Pastorek J, Haapasalo H, Parkkila S Preliminary observations have suggested mild behavioral changes and a morphological disruption of brain histology in 1.5-year-old carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX)-deficient (Car9 (-/-)) mice. These findings led us to design a 1-year follow-up study in which the behavior and brain histology of Car9 (-/-) and wild-type mice were monitored. Morphological analysis revealed vacuolar degenerative changes in the brains of Car9 (-/-) mice. The changes became visible at the age of eight to ten months. Behavioral tests showed that the Car9 (-/-) mice exhibited abnormal locomotor activity and poor performance in a memory test. To further identify the transcriptomic responses to CA IX defic... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4848991 Thu, 05 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4848991 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4793815&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21544624%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kitamoto N, Kaga A, Kuroda Y, Ohsawa R With the proliferation of genetically modified (GM) products and the almost exponential growth of land use for GM crops, there is a growing need to develop quantitative approaches to estimating the risk of escape of transgenes into wild populations of crop relatives by natural hybridization. We assessed the risk of transgene escape by constructing a population genetic model based on information on fitness-related QTLs obtained from an F (2) population of wild soybean G. soja × cultivated soybean Glycine max. Simulation started with ten F (1) and 990 wild soybeans reproducing by selfing or outcrossing. Seed production was determined from the genetic effects of two QTLs for number of seeds (SN). Each seed survived winter according to the... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4793815 Wed, 04 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4793815 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4793858&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21538071%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Crouthamel MH, Kelly EJ, Ho RJ For many CNS acting drugs, penetration into the central nervous system (CNS) is limited by the blood-CNS-barriers. In an effort to quantitate the role of the protein components that make up the blood-CNS-barriers, we created transgenic mice that allow conditional gene knockout using Cre/loxP technology. We targeted the expression of Cre-recombinase to the choroid plexus (the blood-cerebral spinal fluid barrier) using the lymphotropic papovavirus control region (LPVcr) and to brain endothelium (the blood-brain-barrier) using the proximal promoter region of the human von Willebrand Factor gene (hVWF-f). We verified that LPVcr restricts expression to the choroid plexus in adult mice by using the LPVcr to drive n-LacZ expression in transgenic mice. T... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4793858 Mon, 02 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4793858 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4794050&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21533667%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yu S, Zhou X, Hsiao JJ, Yu D, Saunders TL, Xue HH Interleukin-7 receptor α chain (IL-7Rα)-derived signals are critical for normal T cell development, mature T cell homeostasis, and longevity of memory T cells. IL-7Rα expression in T cells is dynamically regulated at different developmental and antigen-responding stages. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the dynamic regulation is not completely understood. Here we describe generation of a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)-based reporter transgenic mouse strain, which contains 210 kb DNA sequence flanking the Il7r locus. We used in vitro validated EGFP reporter and insulator sequences to facilitate the reporter transgene expression. Consistent with endogenous IL-7Rα expression, the BAC transgene was expressed ... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4794050 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4794050 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4794047&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21533900%26dopt%3DAbstract We describe a transgenic microalgal Δ9-elongase pathway transformed in both Brassica napus and Arabidopsis thaliana seed resulting in the production of arachidonic acid (ARA). This pathway is noteworthy for both the production of ARA in seed tissue and the low levels of intermediate C20 fatty acids that accumulate. We also demonstrate that the arachidonic acid is naturally enriched at the sn2 position in triacylglycerol. This is the first report of ARA production by the Δ9-elongase pathway in an oilseed. PMID: 21533900 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Transgenic Research) Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4794047 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4794047 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4793963&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21533901%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Xue R, Chen H, Cui L, Cao G, Zhou W, Zheng X, Gong C The silk gland of the silkworm is a highly specialized organ that has the wonderful ability to synthesize and secrete silk protein. To express human granucyto-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (hGM-CSF) in the posterior silk glands of gene-targeted silkworms, a targeting vector pSK-FibL-L-A3GFP-PH-GMCSF-LPA-FibL-R was constructed, harboring a 1.2 kb portion of the left homogenous arm (FibL-L), a 0.5 kb portion of the right homogenous arm (FibL-R), fibroin H-chain-promoter-driven hGM-CSF and silkworm actin 3-promoter-driven gfp. The targeting vector was then introduced into the eggs of silkworm, and the transgenic silkworms were verified by PCR and DNA hybridization after being screened for the gfp gene. Western blotting... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4793963 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4793963 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4793901&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21533902%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ma J, Song Y, Wu B, Jiang M, Li K, Zhu C, Wen F Rice stripe disease, with the pathogen Rice stripe virus (RSV), is one of the most widespread and severe virus diseases. Cultivating a resistant breed is an essential and efficient method in preventing rice stripe disease. Following RNA interference (RNAi) theory, we constructed three RNAi binary vectors based on coat protein (CP), special-disease protein (SP) and chimeric CP/SP gene sequence. Transgenic lines of rice cv. Yujing6 were generated through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. We inoculated T1 generation plants from each line derived from CP/SP, CP, and SP transgenic rice plants with two RSV isolates from Shandong Province and Jiangsu Province using viruliferous vector insects. In these resistance assays, chimeric C... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4793901 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4793901 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4794054&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21533666%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Froschauer A, Sprott D, Gerwien F, Henker Y, Rudolph F, Pfennig F, Gutzeit HO In model teleost fishes like the medaka and the zebrafish many genes which have been identified in genome sequencing projects await their functional characterization. Techniques for the effective generation of transgenic animals are a prerequisite for this challenging task, and, due to their transparency, fish offer the possibility to combine the use of fluorescent proteins and developmental analysis in vivo. Here we describe the application of the Ac/Ds transposon system to generate transgenic medaka reporter and gene trap lines. We determined a germline transmission rate of 30% in our experiments using constructs ranging in size from 1.8 to 6 kilobase pairs. The genomic integration site of the Ds-e... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4794054 Fri, 29 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4794054 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4794057&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21526422%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Devos Y, Hails RS, Messéan A, Perry JN, Squire GR One of the concerns surrounding the import (for food and feed uses or processing) of genetically modified herbicide tolerant (GMHT) oilseed rape is that, through seed spillage, the herbicide tolerance (HT) trait will escape into agricultural or semi-natural habitats, causing environmental or economic problems. Based on these concerns, three EU countries have invoked national safeguard clauses to ban the marketing of specific GMHT oilseed rape events on their territory. However, the scientific basis for the environmental and economic concerns posed by feral GMHT oilseed rape resulting from seed import spills is debatable. While oilseed rape has characteristics such as secondary dormancy and small seed size that enables it to pe... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4794057 Wed, 27 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4794057 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4794063&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21499757%26dopt%3DAbstract This study investigated the fate of Cry1Ab in soil under long-term Bt-maize cultivation in an experimental field trial performed over nine growing seasons on four South German field sites cultivated with MON810 and its near isogenic non Bt-maize variety. Cry1Ab protein was quantified in soil (<2 mm size) using an in-house validated ELISA method. The assay was validated according to the criteria specified in European Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. The assay enabled quantification of Cry1Ab protein at a decision limit (CCα) of 2.0 ng Cry1Ab protein g(-1) soil with analytical recovery in the range 49.1-88.9%, which was strongly correlated with clay content. Cry1Ab protein was only detected on one field site at concentrations higher than the CCα, with 2.91 and 2.57 ng Cry1Ab protein ... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4794063 Fri, 15 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4794063 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4794066&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21487777%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mizutani A, Tsunashima H, Nishijima KI, Sasamoto T, Yamada Y, Kojima Y, Motono M, Kojima J, Inayoshi Y, Miyake K, Park EY, Iijima S As a tool for large scale production of recombinant proteins, chickens have advantages such as high productivity and low breeding costs compared to other animals. We previously reported the production of erythropoietin, the tumor necrosis factor receptor fused to an Fc fragment, and an Fc-fused single-chain Fv antibody in eggs laid by genetically manipulated chickens. In egg white, however, the incomplete addition of terminal sugars such as sialic acid and galactose was found on N-linked glycans of exogenously expressed proteins. This could be a draw back to the use of transgenic chickens since the loss of these terminal sugars may affect the func... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4794066 Tue, 12 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4794066 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4794069&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21479829%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhu S, Li Y, Vossen JH, Visser RG, Jacobsen E Functional stacking of broad spectrum resistance (R) genes could potentially be an effective strategy for more durable disease resistance, for example, to potato late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans (Pi). For this reason, three broad spectrum potato R genes (Rpi), Rpi-sto1 (Solanum stoloniferum), Rpi-vnt1.1 (S. venturii) and Rpi-blb3 (S. bulbocastanum) were selected, combined into a single binary vector pBINPLUS and transformed into the susceptible cultivar Desiree. Among the 550 kanamycin resistant regenerants, 28 were further investigated by gene specific PCRs. All regenerants were positive for the nptII gene and 23 of them contained the three Rpi genes, referred to as triple Rpi gene transformants. Detached leaf assay an... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4794069 Sat, 09 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4794069 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4794072&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21479554%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Balaji V, Smart CD Two tomato proteins were evaluated by over-expression in transgenic tomato for their ability to confer resistance to Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm). Snakin-2 (SN2) is a cysteine-rich peptide with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity in vitro while extensin-like protein (ELP) is a major cell-wall hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein linked with plant response to pathogen attack and wounding. Tomato plants, cultivar Mountain Fresh, were transformed via Agrobacterium tumefaciens harboring a binary vector for expression of the full-length SN2 gene or ELP cDNA under the regulation of the CaMV 35S promoter. Molecular characterization of PCR-positive putative T(0) transgenic plants by Northern analysis revealed constitutive over-expression of SN2... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4794072 Fri, 08 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4794072 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4684849&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21465166%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Koehorst-van Putten HJ, Sudarmonowati E, Herman M, Pereira-Bertram IJ, Wolters AM, Meima H, de Vetten N, Raemakers CJ, Visser RG The development and testing in the field of genetically modified -so called- orphan crops like cassava in tropical countries is still in its infancy, despite the fact that cassava is not only used for food and feed but is also an important industrial crop. As traditional breeding of cassava is difficult (allodiploid, vegetatively propagated, outbreeding species) it is an ideal crop for improvement through genetic modification. We here report on the results of production and field testing of genetically modified low-amylose transformants of commercial cassava variety Adira4 in Indonesia. Twenty four transformants were produced and selected in the Neth... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4684849 Mon, 04 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4684849 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4684851&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21437715%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ohtsuka M, Miura H, Nakaoka H, Kimura M, Sato M, Inoko H PMID: 21437715 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Transgenic Research) Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4684851 Fri, 25 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4684851 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4684850&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21437716%26dopt%3DAbstract This study could be a useful start point for a variety of transgenic experiments with this species concerning the constitutive expression of living fluorescent color reporters and other foreign proteins. PMID: 21437716 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Transgenic Research) Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4684850 Fri, 25 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4684850 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4684853&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21431867%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sekine M, Monkawa T, Morizane R, Matsuoka K, Taya C, Akita Y, Joh K, Itoh H, Hayashi M, Kikkawa Y, Kohno K, Suzuki A, Yonekawa H The proximal straight tubule (S3 segment) of the kidney is highly susceptible to ischemia and toxic insults but has a remarkable capacity to repair its structure and function. In response to such injuries, complex processes take place to regenerate the epithelial cells of the S3 segment; however, the precise molecular mechanisms of this regeneration are still being investigated. By applying the "toxin receptor mediated cell knockout" method under the control of the S3 segment-specific promoter/enhancer, Gsl5, which drives core 2 β-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase gene expression, we established a transgenic mouse line expressing the human diphthe... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4684853 Thu, 24 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4684853 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4684852&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21431868%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, cumulus cells or oolemma vesicles previously incubated with eDNA, and naked eDNA were injected into the cytoplasm of MII oocytes to evaluate their efficiency for eDNA expressing bovine embryo production. Our study evaluated the potential of short time co-incubation (5 min) of eDNA with; (1) cumulus cells, to be used as donor cells for SCNT and (2) oolemma vesicles (vesicles) to produce parthenogenic transgene expressing embryos. In addition, we included a group consisting of the injection of eDNA alone (plasmid) followed by parthenogenic activation. Two different pCX-EGFP plasmid concentrations (50 and 500 ng/μl) were employed. The results showed that embryos produced by SCNT and by vesicle injection assisted by chemical activation were able to express the eDNA in higher ... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4684852 Thu, 24 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4684852 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4627541&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21394514%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hrytsenko O, Rayat GR, Xu BY, Krause R, Pohajdak B, Rajotte RV, Wright JR PMID: 21394514 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Transgenic Research) Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4627541 Fri, 11 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4627541 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4566379&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21365322%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, identification of these proteins suggests that bGH mice exhibit an increased inflammatory state with an adverse lipid profile, possibly contributing to their diminished life expectancy. Also, these newly discovered plasma proteins may be indicative or 'biomarkers' of a shortened lifespan. PMID: 21365322 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Transgenic Research) Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4566379 Wed, 02 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4566379 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4566378&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21365323%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tremblay R, Diao H, Huner N, Jevnikar AM, Ma S Plants have attracted increasing attention as an expression platform for the production of pharmaceutical proteins due to its unlimited scalability and low cost potential. However, compared to other expression systems, plants accumulate relatively low levels of foreign proteins, thus necessitating the development of efficient systems for purification of foreign proteins from plant tissues. We have developed a novel strategy for purification of recombinant proteins expressed in plants, based on genetic fusion to soybean agglutinin (SBA), a homotetrameric lectin that binds to N-acetyl-D-galactosamine. Previously it was shown that high purity SBA could be recovered from soybean with an efficiency of greater than 90% following one-ste... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4566378 Wed, 02 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4566378 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4566380&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21360304%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Riess I, Sala V, Leo C, Demaria M, Gatti S, Gallo S, Fitou A, Boero O, Levi R, Cuccovillo I, Molla F, De Angelis N, Staszewsky L, Latini R, Crepaldi T In order to study the effects of Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) in the heart, two transgenic mice were developed, one carrying a bidirectional HGF-TetO-GFP responder construct and the other carrying a α-MHC-tTA transactivator construct. Crosses were carried out between heterozygotes, so that litters contained bitransgenic α-MHC-tTA/HGF-TetO-GFP+, thus expressing HGF and GFP exclusively in the heart and only in the absence of Doxycycline. Our data show that the expression of HGF was indeed restricted to the heart and that the expression was limited to the timeframe of the absence of Doxycycline. Surprisingly the expression was ... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4566380 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4566380 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4566381&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21359850%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hirai T, Kim YW, Kato K, Hiwasa-Tanase K, Ezura H The E8 promoter, a tomato fruit-ripening-specific promoter, and the CaMV 35S promoter, a constitutive promoter, were used to express the miraculin gene encoding the taste-modifying protein in tomato. The accumulation of miraculin protein and mRNA was compared among transgenic tomatoes expressing the miraculin gene driven by these promoters. Recombinant miraculin protein predominantly accumulated in transgenic tomato lines using the E8 promoter (E8-MIR) only at the red fruit stage. The accumulations were almost uniform among all fruit tissues. When the 35S promoter (35S-MIR) was used, miraculin accumulation in the exocarp was much higher than in other tissues, indicating that the miraculin accumulation pattern can be regulated b... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4566381 Sun, 27 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4566381 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4566382&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21359657%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Aoto T, Takahashi RI, Ueda M In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a valuable technique for the propagation of experimental animals. IVF has typically been used in mice to rapidly expand breeding colonies and create large numbers of embryos. However, applications of IVF in rat breeding experiments have stalled due to the inconvenient laboratory work schedules imposed by current IVF protocols for this species. Here, we developed a new rat IVF protocol that consists of experimental steps performed during common laboratory working hours. Our protocol can be completed within 12 h by shortening the period of sperm capacitation from 5 to 1 h and the fertilization time from 10 to 8 h in human tubal fluid (HTF) medium. This new protocol generated an excellent birth rate and was applicabl... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4566382 Sat, 26 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4566382 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4566383&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21350916%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lorson MA, Spate LD, Samuel MS, Murphy CN, Lorson CL, Prather RS, Wells KD Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease that is a result of a deletion or mutation of the SMN1 (Survival Motor Neuron) gene. A duplicated and nearly identical copy, SMN2, serves as a disease modifier as increasing SMN2 copy number decreases the severity of the disease. Currently many therapeutic approaches for SMA are being developed. Therapeutic strategies aim to modulate splicing of SMN2-derived transcripts, increase SMN2 gene expression, increase neuro-protection of motor neurons, stabilize the SMN protein, replace the SMN1 gene and reconstitute the motor neuron population. It is our goal to develop a pig animal model of SMA for the development and testing of... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4566383 Fri, 25 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4566383 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4566384&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21347690%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Desai MM, Tumurbataar B, Zhang Y, Chan LN, Sun J, Chan TS Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Since several aspects of the infection remain unresolved, there is a pressing need for a convenient animal model that can mimic the clinical disease and aid the evaluation of treatment strategies. Although some success has been achieved in transgenic approaches for development of rodent models of HCV, transgenic expression of the complete HCV polyprotein or an entire set of the viral non-structural (NS) proteins continues to be a serious challenge. Using northern blot and 5' rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE), we unraveled two possible mechanisms that can impede HCV NS transgene expression in the mouse liver. Several truncated ... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4566384 Thu, 24 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4566384 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4566385&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21344295%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Atkins CA, Emery RJ, Smith PM Phenotypes of five transgenic lines of narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius [L] cv Merrit) stably transformed with the isopentenyl pyrophosphate transferase (ipt) gene from Agrobacterium tumefaciens coupled to a flower-specific promoter (TP12) from Nicotiana tabacum [L.] are described. Expression of the transgene was detected in floral tissues and in shoot apical meristems on all orders of inflorescence. In each transgenic line there was significant axillary bud outgrowth at all nodes on the main stem with pronounced branch development from the more basal nodes in three of the lines. The lowest basal branches developed in a manner similar to the upper stem axillary branches on cv Merrit and bore fruits, which, in two lines, contained a signi... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4566385 Wed, 23 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4566385 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4511154&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21340524%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Baldassarre H, Deslauriers J, Neveu N, Bordignon V Compromised lactation physiology has been observed in transgenic animals, possibly due to the excessive demand placed by the expression of complex recombinant glycoproteins in the mammary gland. In previous studies we described lactation parameters and milk composition characteristics of transgenic goats expressing recombinant human butyrylcholinesterase in milk, and we showed evidence suggesting that lactation cessation could be associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress. We now report data from immunohistochemistry studies targeting activation transcription factor 6 and caspase 12, two signal transducers associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress, designed to further elucidate potential mechanisms responsible for the dis... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4511154 Tue, 22 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4511154 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4511153&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21340525%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sommer JR, Wong F, Petters RM Rhodopsin (Pro347Leu) transgenic pigs are recognized to be an excellent model for the human disease, retinitis pigmentosa. First published in 1997, the rhodopsin transgenic pigs have been maintained since that time at North Carolina State University by outcrossing hemizygous boars to unrelated sows. Nine generations of outcrossing have been completed. Since the genetic background of these pigs has undoubtedly changed, the question of the current phenotype of the transgenic pigs is relevant for their future use. Age-matched transgenic and non-transgenic eyes were submitted for histological analysis using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Even by 2 weeks of age, significant thinning of the outer nuclear layer of photoreceptors was observed. For ages ... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4511153 Tue, 22 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4511153 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4511152&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21340526%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kortstee AJ, Khan SA, Helderman C, Trindade LM, Wu Y, Visser RG, Brendolise C, Allan A, Schouten HJ, Jacobsen E A mutant allele of the transcription factor gene MYB10 from apple induces anthocyanin production throughout the plant. This gene, including its upstream promoter, gene coding region and terminator sequence, was introduced into apple, strawberry and potato plants to determine whether it could be used as a visible selectable marker for plant transformation as an alternative to chemically selectable markers, such as kanamycin resistance. After transformation, red coloured calli, red shoots and red well-growing plants were scored. Red and green shoots were harvested from apple explants and examined for the presence of the MYB10 gene by PCR analysis. Red shoots of apple e... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4511152 Tue, 22 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4511152 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4511155&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21327393%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pan PW, Käyrä K, Leinonen J, Nissinen M, Parkkila S, Rajaniemi H PMID: 21327393 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Transgenic Research) Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4511155 Wed, 16 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4511155 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4511156&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21311970%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cooper CA, Brundige DR, Reh WA, Maga EA, Murray JD In addition to its well-recognized antimicrobial properties, lysozyme can also modulate the inflammatory response. This ability may be particularly important in the gastrointestinal tract where inappropriate inflammatory reactions can damage the intestinal epithelium, leading to significant health problems. The consumption of milk from transgenic goats producing human lysozyme (hLZ) in their milk therefore has the potential to positively impact intestinal health. In order to investigate the effect of hLZ-containing milk on the inflammatory response, young pigs were fed pasteurized milk from hLZ or non-transgenic control goats and quantitative real-time PCR was performed to assess local expression of TNF-α, IL-8, and TGF-β1 i... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4511156 Fri, 11 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4511156 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4452712&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21298478%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wu CL, Lin TH, Chang TL, Sun HW, Hui CF, Wu JL Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is used as a model system for in vivo studies. To expand the research scope of physical, biochemical and physiological studies, a cold-tolerant model of zebrafish was developed. The common carp (Cyprinus carpio) muscle form of creatine kinase (CK, EC 2.7.3.2) can maintain enzymatic activity at a temperature of around 15°C. However, a cold-inducible promoter of zebrafish, hsc 70 (heat shock protein 70 cognate), is able to increase the expression of gene product by 9.8 fold at a temperature of 16°C. Therefore, the carp CK gene was promoted by hsc 70 and transfected into zebrafish embryos. Resulting transgenic zebrafish survived and could maintain its swimming behavior at 13°C, which was not possible with t... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4452712 Sun, 06 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4452712 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4452713&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21279684%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bernauer T, Tribaldos T, Luginbühl C, Winzeler M Field trials with GM crops are not only plant science experiments. They are also social experiments concerning the implications of government imposed regulatory constraints and public opposition for scientific activity. We assess these implications by estimating additional costs due to government regulation and public opposition in a recent set of field trials in Switzerland. We find that for every Euro spent on research, an additional 78 cents were spent on security, an additional 31 cents on biosafety, and an additional 17 cents on government regulatory supervision. Hence the total additional spending due to government regulation and public opposition was around 1.26 Euros for every Euro spent on the research per se. These es... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4452713 Sun, 30 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4452713 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4452714&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21267777%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hudson LD, Romm E, Berndt JA, Nielsen JA The Myt1 family of transcription factors is unique among the many classes of zinc finger proteins in how the zinc-stabilized fingers contact the DNA helix. To examine the function of Myt1 in the developing nervous system, we generated mice in which Myt1 expression was replaced by an enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein fused to a Codon-improved Cre recombinase as a protein reporter. Myt1 knock-in mice die at birth, apparently due to improper innervation of their lungs. Elimination of Myt1 did not significantly affect the number or distribution of neural precursor cells that normally express Myt1 in the embryonic spinal cord. Nor was the general pattern of differentiated neurons altered in the embryonic spinal cord. The Myt1 knock-in mice ... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4452714 Wed, 26 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4452714 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4387420&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21243525%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Krens FA, Schaart JG, Groenwold R, Walraven AE, Hesselink T, Thissen JT Introduction of sustainable scab resistance in elite apple cultivars is of high importance for apple cultivation when aiming at reducing the use of chemical crop protectants. Genetic modification (GM) allows the rapid introduction of resistance genes directly into high quality apple cultivars. Resistance genes can be derived from apple itself but genetic modification also opens up the possibility to use other, non-host resistance genes. A prerequisite for application is the long-term performance and stability of the gene annex trait in the field. For this study, we produced and selected a series of transgenic apple lines of two cultivars, i.e. 'Elstar' and 'Gala' in which the barley hordothionin gene (hth)... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4387420 Wed, 19 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4387420 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4387419&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21246398%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wu J, Luo X, Zhang X, Shi Y, Tian Y An optimized vip3A gene, designated as vip3A* was chemically synthesized and a thi1 gene chloroplast transit peptide coding sequence was attached to its 5' end to produce the tvip3A*. vip3A* and tvip3A* genes were transformed into Gossypium hirsutum cv. Zhongmiansuo35. Of 42 independent transformants, 36 were positive for the vip3A* or tvip3A* gene. Four independent transgenic T1 lines with single-copy insertions and unchanged phenotypes (CTV1 and CTV2 for tvip3A*, and CV1 and CV2 for vip3A*) were selected by Southern blotting, and subjected to an insect bioassay and field assessment. Four homozygous T2 transgenic lines were then selected and the amount of expressed Vip3A* protein was determined by western blotting and ELISA. The protein con... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4387419 Wed, 19 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4387419 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4387421&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21229312%26dopt%3DAbstract We report the development of a convenient plant-based reporter system to analyze promoters and facilitate selection of genetically engineered plants. The VvMybA1 gene of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) regulates the last metabolic step of anthocyanin biosynthesis and its ectopic expression leads to anthocyanin production in otherwise non-pigmented cells. To develop an anthocyanin-based quantitative reporter system, the VvMybA1 gene was isolated from V. vinifera 'Merlot' and placed under control of three promoters to test its ability to distinguish different activity levels. Promoters included a double enhanced CaMV35S (d35S) promoter, a double enhanced CsVMV (dCsVMV) promoter or a bi-directional dual promoter (BDDP), resulting in transformation vectors DAT, CAT and DEAT, respectively. These ... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4387421 Thu, 13 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4387421 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4387422&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21225340%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we optimized a condition for cyst-eletroporation and generated stable lines of transgenic A. sinica. Two expression plasmids directed by the hybrid promoters of cytomegalovirus (CMV) and medaka β-actin (Mβ) were co-electroporated on decapsulated cysts: pCMV-Mβ-GFP contained GFP reporter gene and pCMV-Mβ-ypGH contained yellowfin porgy GH (ypGH) cDNA. We examined the GFP shown in the Artemia larvae and found that the expression rate was 13.3% (3,219 out of 24,054 examined). We then chose 200 G0 founders which strongly expressed GFP to generate transgenic lines. Homozygotic strains derived from F4 generation of each transgenic line, A3 and A8, were obtained. We proved that transgenic lines A3 and A8 also harbored pCMV-Mβ-ypGH and produced recombinant ypGH with a concentrat... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4387422 Wed, 12 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4387422 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4387423&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21222155%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Peng W, Bao Y, Sawicki JA To establish a method for efficient and relatively easy isolation of a cell population containing epithelial prostate stem cells, we developed two transgenic mouse models, K5/CFP and K18/RFP. In these models, promoters of the cytokeratin 5 (Krt5) and the cytokeratin 18 (Krt18) genes regulate cyan and red fluorescent proteins (CFP and RFP), respectively. CFP and RFP reporter protein fluorescence allows for visualization of K5(+) and K18(+) epithelial cells within the cellular spatial context of the prostate gland and for their direct isolation by FACS. Using these models, it is possible to test directly the stem cell properties of prostate epithelial cell populations that are positively selected based on expression of cytoplasmic proteins, K5 and K18. ... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4387423 Tue, 11 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4387423 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4387426&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21221779%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Carlson DF, Garbe JR, Tan W, Martin MJ, Dobrinsky JR, Hackett PB, Clark KJ, Fahrenkrug SC Swine transgenesis by pronuclear injection or cloning has traditionally relied on illegitimate recombination of DNA into the pig genome. This often results in animals containing concatemeric arrays of transgenes that complicate characterization and can impair long-term transgene stability and expression. This is inconsistent with regulatory guidance for transgenic livestock, which also discourages the use of selection markers, particularly antibiotic resistance genes. We demonstrate that the Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon system effectively delivers monomeric, multi-copy transgenes to the pig embryo genome by pronuclear injection without markers, as well as to donor cells for founder gen... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4387426 Sun, 09 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4387426 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4387425&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21221780%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Xu J, Zhao J, Wang J, Zhao Y, Zhang L, Chu M, Li N The development of animal biotechnology has led to an increase in attention to biosafety issues. Here we evaluated the impact of genetically engineered cows on the environment. The probability of horizontal gene transfer and the impact on the microbial communities in cow gut and soil were tested using three varieties of genetically engineered cows that were previously transformed with a human gene encoding lysozyme, lactoferrin, or human alpha lactalbumin. The results showed that the transgenes were not detectable by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or quantitative real-time PCR in gut microbial DNA extracts of manure or microbial DNA extracts of topsoil. In addition, the transgenes had no impact on the microbial communities in... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4387425 Sun, 09 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4387425 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4387424&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21221781%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bae KB, Kim MO, Yu DH, Shin MJ, Kim HJ, Yuh HS, Ji YR, Kim JY, Kim JM, Hyun BH, Lee HC, Chang WK, Park SB, Kim DH, Lee HS, Choo YS, Lee S, Ryoo ZY The transcription factor Juxtaposed with another zinc finger gene 1 (JAZF1) is a zinc finger protein that binds to the nuclear orphan receptor TR4. Recent evidence indicates that TR4 receptor functions as both a positive and negative regulator of transcription, but the role of JAZF1 in transcriptional mechanisms has not been elucidated. Recently, the incidence rate of congenital heart malformations was reported to be significantly elevated in patients who had neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) with chromosomal microdeletion syndrome. Furthermore, Joined to JAZF1 (SUZ12) is expressed at high levels in the hearts of adult patients with NF1 mic... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4387424 Sun, 09 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4387424 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4387427&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21197601%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Morris EJ In many countries there are increasing calls for the benefits of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) to be considered as well as the risks, and for a risk-benefit analysis to form an integral part of GMO regulatory frameworks. This trend represents a shift away from the strict emphasis on risks, which is encapsulated in the Precautionary Principle that forms the basis for the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, and which is reflected in the national legislation of many countries. The introduction of risk-benefit analysis of GMOs would be facilitated if clear methodologies were available to support the analysis. Up to now, methodologies for risk-benefit analysis that would be applicable to the introduction of GMOs have not been well defined. This paper describes a rela... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4387427 Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4387427 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4296710&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21188636%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Saad RB, Romdhan WB, Zouari N, Azaza J, Mieulet D, Verdeil JL, Guiderdoni E, Hassairi A In our recent published work it has been demonstrated that AlSAP, a gene encoding an A20/AN1 zinc-finger protein (stress-associated protein) of the C4 halophyte grass Aeluropus littoralis, is inducible by various abiotic stresses and by hormonal stimuli. To further investigate the regulation of the gene, a 586-bp genomic fragment upstream of the AlSAP translated sequence has been isolated, cloned, and designated as the "Pr ( AlSAP )" promoter. Sequence analysis of "Pr ( AlSAP )" revealed the presence of cis-regulatory elements which could be required for abiotic stress, abscisic acid (ABA), and salicylic acid (SA) responsiveness and for tissue-specific and vascular expression. The Pr ( AlSA... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4296710 Tue, 28 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4296710 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4296711&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21188635%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Henquet M, Eigenhuijsen J, Hesselink T, Spiegel H, Schreuder M, van Duijn E, Cordewener J, Depicker A, van der Krol A, Bosch D ER resident glycoproteins, including ectopically expressed recombinant glycoproteins, carry so-called high-mannose type N-glycans, which can be at different stages of processing. The presence of heterogeneous high-mannose type glycans on ER-retained therapeutic proteins is undesirable for specific therapeutic applications. Previously, we described an Arabidopsis alg3-2 glycosylation mutant in which aberrant Man(5)GlcNAc(2) mannose type N-glycans are transferred to proteins. Here we show that the alg3-2 mutation reduces the N-glycan heterogeneity on ER resident glycoproteins in seeds. We compared the properties of a scFv-Fc, with a KDEL ER retention tag... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4296711 Sat, 25 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4296711 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4296712&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21181494%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we used a unique system of resistant insects, Bt plants and a parasitoid to critically evaluate this issue. The effects of broccoli type (normal or expressing Cry1Ac protein) and insect genotype (susceptible or Cry1Ac-resistant) of Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) were examined for their effects on the development and host foraging behavior of the parasitoid, Diadegma insulare (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) over two generations. Parasitism rate and development of D. insulare were not significantly different when different genotypes (Bt-resistant or susceptible) of insect host larvae fed on non-Bt broccoli plants. D. insulare could not discriminate between resistant and susceptible genotypes of P. xylostella, nor between Bt and normal broccoli plants ... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4296712 Thu, 23 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4296712 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4296713&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21181439%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Luo Y, Li J, Liu Y, Lin L, Du Y, Li S, Yang H, Vajta G, Callesen H, Bolund L, Sørensen CB Germline inactivating mutations of the breast cancer associated gene 1 (BRCA1) predispose to breast cancer and account for most cases of familiar breast and/or ovarian cancer. The pig is an excellent model for medical research as well as testing of new methods and drugs for disease prevention and treatment. We have generated cloned BRCA1 knockout (KO) Yucatan miniature piglets by targeting exon 11 using recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)-mediated gene targeting and somatic cell nuclear transfer by Handmade Cloning (HMC). We found a very high targeting rate of rAAV-mediated BRCA1 KO. Approximately 35% of the selected cells were BRCA1 targeted. One BRCA1 KO cell clone (5D1), identif... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4296713 Wed, 22 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4296713 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4296714&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21170678%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of this study was to develop transgenic Yucatan minipigs that overexpress human catalase (hCat) in an endothelial-specific manner. Catalase metabolizes hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), an important regulator of vascular tone that contributes to diseases such as atherosclerosis and preeclampsia. A large animal model to study reduced endothelium-derived H(2)O(2) would therefore generate valuable translational data on vascular regulation in health and disease. Yucatan minipig fetal fibroblasts stably co-transfected with human catalase (Tie2-hCat) and eGFP expression constructs were isolated into single-cell populations. The presence of the Tie2-hCat transgene in individual colonies of fibroblasts was determined by PCR. Transgenic fibroblasts were used for nuclear transfer into enuc... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4296714 Sat, 18 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4296714 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4266567&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21152978%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mahadevan SA, Wi SG, Kim YO, Lee KH, Bae HJ The heterologous expression of glycosyl hydrolases in bioenergy crops can improve the lignocellulosic conversion process for ethanol production. We attempted to obtain high-level expression of an intact Thermotoga maritima endoglucanase, Cel5A, and CBM6-engineered Cel5A in transgenic tobacco plants for the mass production and autohydrolysis of endoglucanase. Cel5A expression was targeted to different subcellular compartments, namely, the cytosol, apoplast, and chloroplast, using the native form of the pathogenesis-related protein 1a (PR1a) and Rubisco activase (RA) transit peptides. Cel5A transgenic tobacco plants with the chloroplast transit peptide showed the highest average endoglucanase activity and protein accumulation up to 4.5... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4266567 Thu, 09 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4266567 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4243117&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21136294%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tian Y, Zhang H, Pan X, Chen X, Zhang Z, Lu X, Huang R Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a warm-season plant exposed to various stresses. Low temperature is an important factor limiting extension of rice cultivation areas and productivity. Previously, we have demonstrated that tomato ERF protein TERF2 enhances freezing tolerance of transgenic tobacco and tomato plants. Herein, we report that overexpression of TERF2 enhances transgenic rice tolerance to cold without affecting growth or agronomic traits. Physiological assays revealed that TERF2 could not only increase accumulation of osmotic substances and chlorophyll, but also reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content and decrease electrolyte leakage in rice under cold stress. Further analysis of gene expre... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4243117 Tue, 07 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4243117 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4243118&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21132362%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Asami J, Inoue YU, Terakawa YW, Egusa SF, Inoue T Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes (BACs) had been minimal components of various genome-sequencing projects, constituting perfect analytical basis for functional genomics. Here we describe an enhancer screening strategy in which BAC clones that cover any genomic segments of interest are modified to harbor a reporter cassette by transposon tagging, then processed to carry selected combinations of gene regulatory modules by homologous recombination mediated systematic deletions. Such engineered BAC-reporter constructs in bacterial cells are ready for efficient transgenesis in mice to evaluate activities of gene regulatory modules intact or absent in the constructs. By utilizing the strategy, we could speedily identify a critical ge... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4243118 Sat, 04 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4243118 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4243119&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21127973%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Regeling A, Armata HL, Gallant J, Jones SN, Sluss HK p53 is a major suppressor of human malignancy. The protein levels and activity are tightly regulated in cells. Early experiments identified nuclear localization signal 1 (NLS1) as a regulator of p53 localization. We have generated mice bearing a mutation in p53 ( NLS1 ), designated p53 ( NLS1 ). Our experiments confirm a role for NLS1 in regulating p53 function. Murine embryonic fibroblasts generated from homozygous p53 ( NLS1 ) animals are partially defective in cell cycle arrest and do not respond to inhibitory signals from oncogenic Ras. In addition, p53-dependent apoptosis is abrogated in thymocytes. Contrary to predicted results, fibroblasts from homozygous p53 ( NLS1 ) animals have a greater rate of proliferation than ... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4243119 Fri, 03 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4243119 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4243120&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21120693%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mukherjee A, Soyal SM, Li J, Ying Y, Szwarc MM, He B, Kommagani R, Hodgson MC, Hiremath M, Cowin P, Lydon JP Although constitutive murine transgenic models have provided important insights into β-catenin signaling in tissue morphogenesis and tumorigenesis, these models are unable to express activated β-catenin in a temporally controlled manner. Therefore, to enable the induction (and subsequent de-induction) of β-catenin signaling during a predetermined time-period or developmental stage, we have generated and characterized a TETO-ΔN89β-catenin responder transgenic mouse. Crossed with the MTB transgenic effector mouse, which targets the expression of the reverse tetracycline transactivator (rtTA) to the mammary epithelium, we demonstrate that the stabilized (and activated... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4243120 Thu, 02 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4243120 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4243121&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21120692%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, these results indicate apoCIII transgenic rabbits develop hypertriglyceridemia with similar mechanism in hypertriglyceridemic patients via delayed clearance of plasma triglycerides, and could be used as a valuable tool for the study of human hyperlipidemia in relation with atherosclerotic disorders. PMID: 21120692 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Transgenic Research) Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4243121 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4243121 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4211689&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21113736%26dopt%3DAbstract We reported here the characterization of hfe2 gene expression and the regulation of its tissue-specific expression in zebrafish embryos. We demonstrated that the 6 kb 5'-flanking sequence upstream of the ATG start codon in the zebrafish hfe2 gene could direct GFP specific expression in the notochord, somites, and skeletal muscle of zebrafish embryos, recapitulating the expression pattern of the endogenous gene. However, the Tg(hfe2:gfp) transgene is also expressed in the liver of fish embryos, which did not mimic the expression of the endogenous hfe2 at the early stage. Nevertheless, the Tg(hfe2:gfp) transgenic zebrafish provides a useful model to study liver development. Treating Tg(hfe2:gfp) transgenic zebrafish embryos with valproic acid, a liver development inhibitor, significantly in... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4211689 Sat, 27 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4211689 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4211697&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21107689%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tong J, Lillico SG, Bi MJ, Qing T, Liu XF, Wang Y, Zheng M, Wang M, Dai YP, Whitelaw CB, Li N One of the primary goals of traditional livestock breeding is to improve growth rate and optimise body size. Growth rate can be significantly increased by integrating a growth hormone (GH) transgene under the control of a ubiquitous promoter, but while such animals do demonstrate increased growth there are also serious deleterious side-effects to the animals health. Here we report the generation and initial characterization of transgenic mice that carried a porcine BAC encoding the porcine GH gene. We show that GH expression is restricted specifically to the pituitary, is associated with elevated IGF-1 levels, and results in growth enhancement. No negative effects to the health of the... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4211697 Thu, 25 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4211697 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4197464&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21082244%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, the data of this study suggest that microbe population in intestinal tract and feces of transgenic pig was not influenced by the expression of transferred foreign gene sFat-1 and also foreign gene drifting from animal genome to microbial genome must be a rare incident. PMID: 21082244 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Transgenic Research) Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4197464 Wed, 17 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4197464 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4197465&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21080071%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Thomson JG, Yau YY, Blanvillain R, Nunes WM, Chiniquy D, Thilmony R, Ow DW PMID: 21080071 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Transgenic Research) Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4197465 Tue, 16 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4197465 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4163632&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21069460%26dopt%3DAbstract We report here the expression and stable accumulation of human coagulation factor IX (hFIX) in transgenic soybean seeds. A biolistic process was utilised to co-introduce a plasmid carrying the hFIX gene under the transcriptional control of the α' subunit of a β-conglycinin seed-specific promoter and an α-Coixin signal peptide in soybean embryonic axes from mature seeds. The 56-kDa hFIX protein was expressed in the transgenic seeds at levels of up to 0.23% (0.8 g kg(-1) seed) of the total soluble seed protein as determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and western blot. Ultrastructural immunocytochemistry assays indicated that the recombinant hFIX in seed cotyledonary cells was efficiently directed to protein storage vacuoles. Mass spectrometry characterisation confirm... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4163632 Thu, 11 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4163632 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4163631&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21069461%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cunha NB, Murad AM, Cipriano TM, Araújo AC, Aragão FJ, Leite A, Vianna GR, McPhee TR, Souza GH, Waters MJ, Rech EL We produced human growth hormone (hGH), a protein that stimulates growth and cell reproduction, in genetically engineered soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] seeds. Utilising the alpha prime (α') subunit of β-conglycinin tissue-specific promoter from soybean and the α-Coixin signal peptide from Coix lacryma-jobi, we obtained transgenic soybean lines that expressed the mature form of hGH in their seeds. Expression levels of bioactive hGH up to 2.9% of the total soluble seed protein content (corresponding to approximately 9 g kg(-1)) were measured in mature dry soybean seeds. The results of ultrastructural immunocytochemistry assays indicated that the recombin... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4163631 Thu, 11 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4163631 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4144196&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21052831%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Navarre C, Sallets A, Gauthy E, Maîtrejean M, Magy B, Nader J, Pety de Thozée C, Crouzet J, Batoko H, Boutry M Transcription promoters of heat shock protein (HSP) genes have been used to control the expression of heterologous proteins in plants and plant cells. To obtain a strong HSP promoter that is functionally active in Nicotiana tabacum BY-2 cells, we set out to identify a promoter of an endogenous gene showing high activation of expression by heat. An N. tabacum BY-2 cell culture was treated for 8 h at 37°C and the cell protein extract analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis. A major spot was identified by mass spectrometry as belonging to the small HSP family. The promoter regions and the 5' and 3' untranslated regions of two genes, NtHSP3A and NtHSP3B, with sequ... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4144196 Fri, 05 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4144196 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4134579&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21046242%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Weng LX, Deng HH, Xu JL, Li Q, Zhang YQ, Jiang ZD, Li QW, Chen JW, Zhang LH To improve transgene expression level, we synthesized a truncated insecticidal gene m-cry1Ac by increasing its GC content from 37.4 to 54.8%, based on the codon usage pattern of sugarcane genes, and transferred it into two sugarcane cultivars (ROC16 and YT79-177) by microprojectile bombardment. The integration sites and expression pattern of the transgene were determined, respectively, by Southern, northern and western blot analyses. The transgenic sugarcane lines produced up to 50 ng Cry1Ac protein per mg soluble proteins, which was about fivefold higher than that produced by the partially modified s-cry1Ac (GC% = 47.5%). In greenhouse plant assay, about 62% of the transgenic lines exhibited excell... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4134579 Wed, 03 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4134579 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4134580&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21042934%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ye X, Williams EJ, Shen J, Johnson S, Lowe B, Radke S, Strickland S, Esser JA, Petersen MW, Gilbertson LA Single transgene copy, vector backbone-free transgenic crop plants are highly desired for functional genomics and many biotechnological applications. We demonstrate that binary vectors that use a replication origin derived from the Ri plasmid of Agrobacterium rhizogenes (oriRi) increase the frequency of single copy, backbone-free transgenic plants in Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation of soybean, canola, and corn, compared to RK2-derived binary vectors (RK2 oriV). In large scale soybean transformation experiments, the frequency of single copy, backbone-free transgenic plants was nearly doubled in two versions of the oriRi vectors compared to the RK2 oriV con... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4134580 Tue, 02 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4134580 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4106533&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20972886%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Matsui T, Takita E, Sato T, Aizawa M, Ki M, Kadoyama Y, Hirano K, Kinjo S, Asao H, Kawamoto K, Kariya H, Makino SI, Hamabata T, Sawada K, Kato K Pig edema disease is a bacterial disease caused by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. E. coli produces Shiga toxin 2e (Stx2e), which is composed of one A subunit (Stx2eA) and five B subunits (Stx2eB). We previously reported production of Stx2eB in lettuce plants as a potential edible vaccine (Matsui et al. in Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 73:1628-1634, 2009). However, the accumulation level was very low, and it was necessary to improve expression of Stx2eB for potential use of this plant-based vaccine. Therefore, in this study, we optimized the Stx2eB expression cassette and found that a double repeated Stx2eB (2× Stx2eB) accumulates... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4106533 Sat, 23 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4106533 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4106534&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20972621%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Coll A, Nadal A, Rossignol M, Puigdomènech P, Pla M Worldwide maize is the second major agricultural commodity and around one-fourth is currently biotech, with significant application of the insect resistant event MON810 particularly in the European Union. Grains are the major commercialized part of the plant, and can be harvested after maturity (for food and feed purposes) or at late milky-starchy stage (for forage uses, with the whole plant). We assessed possible proteomic unintended effects of the MON810 transgene using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry. To keep in a realistic scenario we used plants grown in agricultural fields in a region where ~50% of maize was MON810, and analyzed grains at milky-starchy stage. In maize, differential tran... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4106534 Fri, 22 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4106534 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4106536&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20960057%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, transgenic tobacco plants were used as a novel expression system for the production of recombinant hPL protein (rhPL). The expression vector pNEKhPL2 containing hPL cDNA was introduced into tobacco plants; the transcriptional activity was confirmed by real-time PCR, and the rhPL levels reached 1% of the total soluble protein (TSP) content in plants cultivated in the greenhouse. In vitro bioassays using the rat insulinoma (INS-1) cell line showed that recombinant protein was able to induce cell proliferation and activate the JAK-2/STAT-5 signal transduction pathway, demonstrating that plant cells can produce the biologically active hPL protein. To further characterize the plant expression system for hPL production, we analyzed the stability of the protein during the life cycl... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4106536 Tue, 19 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4106536 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4106535&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20960058%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Basson CE, Groenewald JH, Kossmann J, Cronjé C, Bauer R Pyrophosphate: fructose 6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase (PFP) is a cytosolic enzyme catalyzing the first committed step in glycolysis by reversibly phosphorylating fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. The position of PFP in glycolytic and gluconeogenic metabolism, as well as activity patterns in ripening strawberry, suggest that the enzyme may influence carbohydrate allocation to sugars and organic acids. Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate activates and tightly regulates PFP activity in plants and has hampered attempts to increase PFP activity through overexpression. Heterologous expression of a homodimeric isoform from Giardia lamblia, not regulated by fructose-2,6-bisphosphate, was therefore employed to ensure in... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4106535 Tue, 19 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4106535 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4106537&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20953975%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mao YB, Tao XY, Xue XY, Wang LJ, Chen XY RNA interference (RNAi) plays an important role in regulating gene expression in eukaryotes. Previously, we generated Arabidopsis and tobacco plants expressing double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) targeting a cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) P450 gene, CYP6AE14. Bollworms fed on transgenic dsCYP6AE14 plants showed suppressed CYP6AE14 expression and reduced growth on gossypol-containing diet (Mao et al., in Nat Biotechnol 25: 1307-1313, 2007). Here we report generation and analysis of dsRNA-expressing cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) plants. Bollworm larvae reared on T2 plants of the ds6-3 line exhibited drastically retarded growth, and the transgenic plants were less damaged by bollworms than the control. Quantitative reverse-transcription pol... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4106537 Sat, 16 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4106537 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4074950&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20949317%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Xia H, Lu BR, Xu K, Wang W, Yang X, Yang C, Luo J, Lai F, Ye W, Fu Q The rapid development of transgenic biotechnology has greatly promoted the breeding of genetically engineered (GE) rice in China, and many GE rice lines are in the pipeline for commercialization. To understand field performances of GE rice, key agronomic traits of two insect-resistant Bt rice lines that have been granted biosafety certificates for commercial production in China were evaluated together with their nontransgenic counterparts under environmental conditions with significant differences in insect pressure. Results from the experiments showed enhanced field performances of the Bt GE rice lines compared with the non-GE counterparts for yield-related traits such as number of panicles and filled seeds ... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4074950 Thu, 14 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4074950 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4074951&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20938806%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Romeis J, Hellmich RL, Candolfi MP, Carstens K, De Schrijver A, Gatehouse AM, Herman RA, Huesing JE, McLean MA, Raybould A, Shelton AM, Waggoner A This paper provides recommendations on experimental design for early-tier laboratory studies used in risk assessments to evaluate potential adverse impacts of arthropod-resistant genetically engineered (GE) plants on non-target arthropods (NTAs). While we rely heavily on the currently used proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) in this discussion, the concepts apply to other arthropod-active proteins. A risk may exist if the newly acquired trait of the GE plant has adverse effects on NTAs when they are exposed to the arthropod-active protein. Typically, the risk assessment follows a tiered approach that starts with laboratory stu... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4074951 Tue, 12 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4074951 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4057425&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20936344%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fernández-San Millán A, Obregón P, Veramendi J Arabidopsis thaliana peptide deformylase PDF1B was expressed in tobacco chloroplasts using spectinomycin as the selective agent. The foreign protein accumulated in chloroplasts (6% of the total soluble protein) and was enzymatically active. Transplastomic plants were evaluated for resistance to the peptide deformylase inhibitor actinonin. In vitro seed germination in the presence of actinonin and in planta application of the inhibitor demonstrated the resistance of the transformed plants. In addition, transgenic leaf explants were able to develop shoots via organogenesis in the presence of actinonin. However, when the combination of the PDF1B gene and actinonin was used as the primary selective marker system for chloroplast tra... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4057425 Fri, 08 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4057425 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4057426&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20927646%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lillico S, Vasey D, King T, Whitelaw B PMID: 20927646 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Transgenic Research) Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4057426 Wed, 06 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4057426 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4024184&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20878546%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ahrens RN, Devlin RH Genetically modified strains usually are generated within defined genetic backgrounds to minimize variation for the engineered characteristic in order to facilitate basic research investigations or for commercial application. However, interactions between transgenes and genetic background have been documented in both model and commercial agricultural species, indicating that allelic variation at transgene-modifying loci are not uncommon in genomes. Engineered organisms that have the potential to allow entry of transgenes into natural populations may cause changes to ecosystems via the interaction of their specific phenotypes with ecosystem components and services. A transgene introgressing through natural populations is likely to encounter a range of natur... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4024184 Tue, 28 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4024184 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4024186&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20872247%26dopt%3DAbstract This report describes the deletion of the porcine kappa (κ) light chain constant (Cκ) region in pig primary fetal fibroblasts (PPFFs) using gene targeting technology, and the generation of live animals from these cells via somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) cloning. There are only two other targeted loci previously published in swine, and this is the first report of a targeted disruption of an Ig light chain locus in a livestock species. Pigs with one targeted Cκ allele (heterozygous knockout or ±) were bred together to generate Cκ homozygous knockout (-/-) animals. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) from Cκ -/- pigs were devoid of κ-containing Igs. Furthermore, there was an increase in lambda (λ) light chain expression wh... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4024186 Sat, 25 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4024186 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4024185&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20872248%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mendicino M, Ramsoondar J, Phelps C, Vaught T, Ball S, Leroith T, Monahan J, Chen S, Dandro A, Boone J, Jobst P, Vance A, Wertz N, Bergman Z, Sun XZ, Polejaeva I, Butler J, Dai Y, Ayares D, Wells K A poly(A)-trap gene targeting strategy was used to disrupt the single functional heavy chain (HC) joining region (J(H)) of swine in primary fibroblasts. Genetically modified piglets were then generated via somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) and bred to yield litters comprising J(H) wild-type littermate (+/+), J(H) heterozygous knockout (±) and J(H) homozygous knockout (-/-) piglets in the expected Mendelian ratio of 1:2:1. There are only two other targeted loci previously published in swine, and this is the first successful poly(A)-trap strategy ever published in a livestock sp... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4024185 Sat, 25 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4024185 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3969739&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20835923%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhang X, Li H, Zhang J, Zhang C, Gong P, Ziaf K, Xiao F, Ye Z Expression of artificial microRNAs (amiRNAs) in plants can target and degrade the invading viral RNA, consequently conferring virus resistance. Two amiRNAs, targeting the coding sequence shared by the 2a and 2b genes and the highly conserved 3' untranslated region (UTR) of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), respectively, were generated and introduced into the susceptible tomato. The transgenic tomato plants expressing amiRNAs displayed effective resistance to CMV infection and CMV mixed with non-targeted viruses, including tobacco mosaic virus and tomato yellow leaf curl virus. A series of grafting assays indicate scions originated from the transgenic tomato plant maintain stable resistance to CMV infection after grafted ... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3969739 Mon, 13 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3969739 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3969738&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20839052%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Raybould A, Vlachos D Transgenic crops producing insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) provide economic, environmental and health benefits by maintaining or increasing crop yields with fewer applications of insecticide. To sustain these benefits, it is important to delay the evolution of insect resistance to the proteins, and to ensure that the proteins do not harm non-target organisms, particularly those that may control secondary pests that would otherwise flourish because of reduced insecticide applications. Vip3A is a Bt vegetative insecticidal protein that is active against lepidopterous pests. It has a different mode of action from other proteins for control of Lepidoptera in current Bt crops, and when combined with these proteins, it should help to dela... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3969738 Mon, 13 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3969738 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3969740&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20835760%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pan PW, Käyrä K, Leinonen J, Nissinen M, Parkkila S, Rajaniemi H Carbonic anhydrase VI (CAVI) is the only secreted isozyme of the α-carbonic anhydrase family, which catalyzes the reversible reaction [Formula: see text]. It appears that CAVI protects teeth and gastrointestinal mucosa by neutralizing excess acidity. However, the evidence for this physiological function is limited, and CAVI may have additional functions that have yet to be discovered. To explore the functions of CAVI more fully, we generated Car6 (-/-) mice and analyzed Car6 (-/-) mutant phenotypes. We also examined transcriptomic responses to CAVI deficiency in the submandibular gland, stomach, and duodenum of Car6 (-/-) mice. Car6 (-/-) mice were viable and fertile and had a normal life span. Histologi... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3969740 Fri, 10 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3969740 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3938079&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20809064%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yi N, Oh SJ, Kim YS, Jang HJ, Park SH, Jeong JS, Song SI, Choi YD, Kim JK PMID: 20809064 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Transgenic Research) Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3938079 Mon, 30 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3938079 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3938081&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20803248%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ishtiaq Ahmed AS, Xiong F, Pang SC, He MD, Waters MJ, Zhu ZY, Sun YH Growth hormone (GH) gene transfer can markedly increase growth in transgenic fish. In the present study we have developed a transcriptional assay to evaluate GH-signal activation (GHSA) in zebrafish embryos. By analyzing the transcription of c-fos and igf1, and the promoter activity of spi2.1, in zebrafish embryos injected with different constructs, we found that overexpression of either GH or growth hormone receptor (GHR) resulted in GHSA, while a synergetic overexpression of GH and GHR gave greater activation. Conversely, overexpression of a C-terminal truncated dominant-negative GHR (DeltaC-GHR) efficiently blocked GHSA epistatic to GH overexpression, demonstrating the requirement for a full GHR homodimer ... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3938081 Sat, 28 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3938081 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3938080&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20803249%26dopt%3DAbstract In this report, we present transgenic pigs created by Sleeping Beauty DNA transposition in primary porcine fibroblasts in combination with somatic cell nuclear transfer by handmade cloning. Göttingen minipigs expressing green fluorescent protein are produced by transgenesis with DNA transposon vectors carrying the transgene driven by the human ubiquitin C promoter. These animals carry multiple copies (from 8 to 13) of the transgene and show systemic transgene expression. Transgene-expressing pigs carry both transposase-catalyzed insertions and at least one copy of randomly inserted plasmid DNA. Our findings illustrate critical issues related to DNA transposon-directed transgenesis, including coincidental plasmid insertion and relatively low Sleeping Beauty transposition activity in porc... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3938080 Sat, 28 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3938080 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3938082&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20798987%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Peters S, Imani J, Mahler V, Foetisch K, Kaul S, Paulus KE, Scheurer S, Vieths S, Kogel KH Pathogenesis-related protein-10 (PR10) is a ubiquitous small plant protein induced by microbial pathogens and abiotic stress that adversely contributes to the allergenic potency of many fruits and vegetables, including carrot. In this plant, two highly similar genes encoding PR10 isoforms have been isolated and designated as allergen Dau c 1.01 and Dau c 1.02. The aim of the study was to generate PR10-reduced hypoallergenic carrots by silencing either one of these genes in transgenic carrots by means of RNA interference (RNAi). The efficiency of gene silencing by stably expressed hairpin RNA (hnRNA) was documented by means of quantitative RT-PCR (qPCR) and immunoblotting. Quantification ... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3938082 Thu, 26 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3938082 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3908486&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20740377%26dopt%3DAbstract This study was quoted, among others, to justify the ban of Bt maize (MON 810) in Germany. The study has subsequently been criticized because of methodological shortcomings that make it questionable whether the observed effects were due to direct toxicity of the two Cry proteins. We therefore conducted tritrophic studies assessing whether an effect of the two proteins on A. bipunctata could be detected under more realistic routes of exposure. Spider mites that had fed on Bt maize (events MON810 and MON88017) were used as carriers to expose young A. bipunctata larvae to high doses of biologically active Cry1Ab and Cry3Bb1. Ingestion of the two Cry proteins by A. bipunctata did not affect larval mortality, weight, or development time. These results were confirmed in a subsequent experiment in... Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3908486 Wed, 25 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3908486 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3908487&cid=s_36128_50_f&fid=36128&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20734134%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Izukuri K, Suzuki K, Yajima N, Ozawa S, Ito S, Kubota E, Hata RI PMID: 20734134 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Transgenic Research) Transgenic Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3908487 Mon, 23 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3908487