MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Vaccine' source. Wed, 08 Feb 2012 06:43:04 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5660363&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22289205%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Poland GA, Tosh PK PMID: 22289205 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5660363 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5660363 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5660322&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22300718%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Both specific and non-specific immune responses to the BCG vaccine differ by strain. Scarring after BCG vaccination is also strain-dependent and is associated with higher IFN-γ and IL-13 responses to mycobacterial antigens. The choice of BCG strain may be an important factor and should be evaluated when testing novel vaccine strategies that employ BCG in prime-boost sequences, or as a vector for other vaccine antigens. PMID: 22300718 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5660322 Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5660322 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5660321&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22300719%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Donati S, Giambi C, Declich S, Salmaso S, Filia A, Atti ML, Alibrandi MP, Brezzi S, Carozzi F, Collina N, Franchi D, Lattanzi A, Meda M, Minna MC, Nannini R, Gallicchio G, Bella A, Abstract In Italy since 2007 vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV) is offered to 11-year-old females, whereas vaccination for older age groups is still a matter of debate. To assess Italian young women's knowledge, attitudes and practice regarding primary and secondary cervical cancer prevention a cross-sectional study among young women aged 18-26 years was conducted in 2008. The survey collected information on in-depth awareness and knowledge regarding Pap testing, HPV infection, HPV vaccine and cervical cancer. The response rate was 57.7% with a wide range of variability (34-84%) amo... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5660321 Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5660321 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5660320&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22300720%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Plahte J Abstract This paper seeks to give some preliminary evidence on the potential outcome of the pneumococcal vaccine Advance Market Commitment (AMC), with a focus on its impact on innovation in 'emerging' vaccine manufacturers in developing countries. The evidence is derived from a series of interviews with executives at industrial vaccine developing organizations with pneumococcal vaccines in their R&D portfolio, including both multinational pharmaceutical companies and 'emerging' manufacturers. The main findings are that so far there is no evidence to support any claim that the AMC is speeding innovation of pneumococcal vaccines, or that it is contributing to productive capacity expansion. Representatives of emerging manufacturers consistently state that the AMC... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5660320 Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5660320 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5660319&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22300721%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: To improve influenza vaccination rates for children using practice-based interventions, participants suggested campaigns that provide better information regarding the vaccine, the disease and its implications, and convenient access to vaccination. Strategies targeting adolescents should use web-based social marketing technologies and campaigns based in schools. PMID: 22300721 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5660319 Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5660319 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5660318&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22300722%26dopt%3DAbstract In this report, we investigated the possibility of using transgenic plants as a cost-effective and scalable system for production and delivery of a viral protein as an oral subunit vaccine against PRRSV. Corn calli were genetically engineered to produce PRRSV viral envelope-associated M protein. Both serum and intestine mucosal antigen-specific antibodies were induced by oral administration of the transgenic plant tissues to mice. In addition, serum and mucosal antibodies showed virus neutralization activity. The neutralization antibody titers after the final boost reached 6.7 in serum and 3.7 in fecal extracts, respectively. A PRRSV-specific IFN-γ response was also detected in splenocytes of vaccinated animals. These results demonstrate that transgenic corn plants are an efficient subuni... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5660318 Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5660318 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5660317&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22300723%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lin GJ, Deng MC, Chen ZW, Liu TY, Wu CW, Cheng CY, Chien MS, Huang C Abstract Classical swine fever (CSF) caused by the classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is a highly contagious swine disease resulting in large economical losses worldwide. The viral envelope glycoprotein E(rns) and E2 are major targets for eliciting antibodies against CSFV in infected animals. A Pichia pastoris yeast expressed E2 protein (yE2) has been shown to induce a protective immune response against CSFV challenge. The purpose of this study is to determine the optimal dose of yE2 and its efficacy on the prevention of virus horizontal transmission. A yeast-expressed E(rns) (yE(rns)) protein was also included to evaluate its immunogenicity. The yE(rns) vaccinated pigs seroconverted to CSFV-E(rns)-specif... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5660317 Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5660317 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5660316&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22300724%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study we were interested in the vaccine potential of two attenuated mutants of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis for poultry. The first mutant was attenuated by the removal of the whole Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 1 (SPI1) and the second mutant was devoid of the whole SPI2. These 2 mutants were used for oral vaccination of 2 chicken lines; Lohmann Brown and ISA Brown. Chickens were vaccinated orally on day 1 of life, revaccinated on day 21 and challenged on day 42. The challenge was performed either orally or intravenously. Despite a slightly different response between the two chicken lines, both the mutants gave protection to poultry against S. Enteritidis challenge as documented by findings such as the bacterial counts in tissues, spleen weight, antibody production and ... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5660316 Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5660316 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5660315&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22300725%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: There is a considerable burden of IPD and pneumonia in children in San José. These epidemiologic data serve as a baseline to evaluate the effectiveness of the incorporation of new conjugate pneumococcal vaccines into the National Immunization Program in Costa Rican children. PMID: 22300725 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5660315 Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5660315 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5660324&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22296954%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: The long-term efficacy of the CHO-derived hepatitis B vaccine is good and after vaccination maternal transmission is the most important route of spreading HBV. PMID: 22296954 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5660324 Sun, 29 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5660324 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5660323&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22296955%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that AERAS-402 is a promising TB vaccine candidate that can significantly enhance both CD4(+) and CD8(+) TB-specific T cell responses after BCG priming. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01378312. PMID: 22296955 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5660323 Sun, 29 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5660323 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5660330&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22289511%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: McElhaney JE, Zhou X, Talbot HK, Soethout E, Bleackley RC, Granville D, Pawelec G Abstract Influenza remains the single most important cause of excess disability and mortality during the winter months. In spite of widespread influenza vaccination programs leading to demonstrated cost-savings in the over 65 population, hospitalization and death rates for acute respiratory illnesses continue to rise. As a person ages, increased serum levels of inflammatory cytokines are commonly recorded (TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6). Termed "inflammaging", this has been linked to persistent cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and immune senescence, while increased anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, TGF-β) are possibly associated with more healthy aging. Paradoxically, a shift with aging toward an anti... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5660330 Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5660330 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5660325&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22289512%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kuhnert R, Schlaud M, Poethko-Müller C, Vennemann M, Fleming P, Blair PS, Mitchell E, Thompson J, Hecker H Abstract In this paper we examine different time periods after vaccinations and investigate whether the risk of sudden infant death is different during the post-vaccination period than at other times. Three already published case-control studies are re-examined in this context. Several evaluation approaches are presented. The recently developed self-controled case series (SCCS) method for terminal events, which only takes the cases into account, is used in addition. There is no increased or reduced risk of sudden infant death during the period after the vaccination. The previously reported protective effect seen in case contol studies is based on the inclusion of unv... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5660325 Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5660325 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5660366&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22285632%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Drolet M, Levin MJ, Schmader KE, Johnson R, Oxman MN, Patrick D, Fournier SO, Mansi JA, Brisson M Abstract We conducted a prospective multi-center study to assess productivity loss associated with herpes zoster (HZ) and postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). From 10/2005 to 07/2006, we recruited immunocompetent subjects aged ≥50 years with HZ within 14 days of rash onset across Canada. Of the 249 patients recruited, 88 were employed. Data on employment status, absences from work, reasons for absence and effectiveness at work were documented at recruitment, 7-14-21-30-60-90-120-150 and 180 days later. The majority (64%) of employed subjects missed work because of HZ and 76% reported decreased effectiveness at work (i.e. presenteeism) because of HZ/PHN. Mean hours of absenteeism an... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5660366 Thu, 26 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5660366 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5660373&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22284402%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Breman JG, Brandling-Bennett AD Abstract Interest and support for malaria control, eradication, and research has increased greatly over the past decade. This has resulted from appreciation of the huge medical, social, and economic burden that malaria exacts from endemic populations. Recent breakthroughs in drug development (artemisinin-based combination treatments), preventive interventions (long-lasting, insecticide-treated bed nets), improved diagnosis (rapid diagnostic tests), and community mobilization have resulted in deployment of new antimalarial tools. National programs supported by the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, the U.S. President's Malaria Initiative, and other donors have resulted in substantial reductions in malaria morbidity and morta... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5660373 Wed, 25 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5660373 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5660372&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22285268%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Our meta-analysis showed that adjuvanted hepatitis B vaccine did not significantly improve the seroprotection rate in patients with renal insufficiency. These results do not support adjuvantation as an approach to increase the immunogenicity of existing recombinant vaccines towards HBV in this high-risk population. PMID: 22285268 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5660372 Wed, 25 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5660372 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5660371&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22285269%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wang YS, Ouyang W, Liu XJ, He KW, Yu SQ, Zhang HB, Fan HJ, Lu CP Abstract Current infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) vaccines suffer from maternal antibody interference and mimotope vaccines might be an alternative. Previously we demonstrated an IBDV VP2 five-mimotope polypeptide, 5EPIS, elicited protective immunity in chickens. In the current study, the 5epis gene was inserted into a plasmid carrying human hepatitis B virus core protein (HBc) gene at its major immunodominant region site. The recombinant gene was efficiently expressed in Escherichia coli to produce chimeric protein HBc-5EPIS which self-assembles to virus-like particles (VLP). Two-week old specific-pathogen-free chickens were immunized intramuscularly with HBc-5EPIS VLP or 5EPIS polypeptide without adju... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5660371 Wed, 25 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5660371 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5660370&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22285270%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kim S, Zuiani A, Carrero JA, Hansen TH Abstract To circumvent limitations of poor antigen presentation and immunogenicity of DNA vaccines that target induction of CD8(+) T cell immunity, we have generated single chain MHC I trimers (MHC I SCTs) composed of a single polypeptide chain with a linear composition of antigenic peptide, β2-microglobulin, and heavy chain of a MHC class I molecule connected by flexible linkers. Because of its pre-assembled nature, the SCT presents enhanced expression and presentation of the antigenic peptide/MHC complexes at the cell surface. Furthermore, DNA vaccination with a plasmid DNA encoding an SCT incorporating an immunodominant viral epitope elicited protective CD8(+) T cell responses against lethal virus infection. To extend these findin... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5660370 Wed, 25 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5660370 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5660369&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22285271%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study we examine the use the probiotic Bacillus cereus var. Toyoi as a potential adjuvant to improve BoHV-5 vaccine efficacy. We observed in the supplemented animals a systemic enhanced IgG antibody response toward Th1, and increased IFN-γ, IL-12 and IL-10 cytokines mRNA levels. These results suggest that this probiotic could provide a promising means of improving vaccine efficacy, particularly those vaccines that rely on a cell-mediated immune response. PMID: 22285271 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5660369 Wed, 25 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5660369 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5660368&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22285272%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wallemacq H, Bedoret D, Pujol J, Desmet C, Drion PV, Farnir F, Mainil J, Lekeux P, Bureau F, Fiévez L Abstract Staphylococcus (S.) aureus is a major pathogen involved in chronic bovine mastitis. Staphylococcal mastitis is difficult to control due to the ability of S. aureus to invade and survive within host cells. We therefore postulated that induction of CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses leading to destruction of infected cells could help in the control of S. aureus mastitis. We demonstrate that immunization of mice with heat-killed S. aureus together with agonistic anti-CD40 monoclonal antibodies elicits strong CTL responses capable of reducing the severity of subsequent staphylococcal mastitis. Our study shows promise for CTL-dependent vaccination against S... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5660368 Wed, 25 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5660368 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5660367&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22285273%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: The risk factors of under-immunization are in part modifiable, by means of health education on the risks of vaccine preventable diseases and by improving the trust in the MOH. The leaders of the ultraorthodox communities could play an important role in such interventions. PMID: 22285273 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5660367 Wed, 25 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5660367 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5660365&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22285887%26dopt%3DAbstract In this report, we have prepared BTV virus-like particles (VLPs, composed of VP2, VP3, VP5 and VP7) and sub-viral, inner core-like particles (CLPs, VP3 and VP7) using a recombinant baculovirus expression system. We compared the protective efficacy of VLPs and CLPs in sheep and investigated the importance of geographical lineages of BTV in the development of vaccines. The Greek crossbred Karagouniko sheep, which display mild to sub-clinical BT, were vaccinated with VLPs or CLPs of BTV-1, derived from western lineage and were challenged with virulent BTV-1 from an eastern lineage. All VLP-vaccinated animals developed a neutralising antibody response to BTV-1 from both lineages prior to challenge. Moreover, post-challenged animals had no clinical manifestation or viraemea and the challenged v... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5660365 Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5660365 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5660364&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22285888%26dopt%3DAbstract This study emphasizes the importance of replicating HLA associations with measles vaccine-induced humoral and cellular immune responses and increases confidence in the results. These data will inform strategies for functional studies and novel vaccine development, including epitope-based measles vaccines. This is the first HLA association replication study with measles vaccine-specific immune responses to date. PMID: 22285888 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5660364 Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5660364 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5642673&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22281103%26dopt%3DAbstract This study further extends our understanding of the biology of migrating DC, identifies potential explanations for the modest success of BCG vaccination and demonstrates that targeted delivery of antigens via adenoviruses to DC can improve antigen presentation. PMID: 22281103 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5642673 Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5642673 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5642672&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22281104%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Comber JD, Bamezai A Abstract CD4(+) memory is critical for successful protection against pathogenic challenge. As such, understanding the heterogeneity of cells that arise and survive after initial stimulation of naïve CD4(+) T cells will aid in the design of more successful vaccines. In previous studies, in vivo experimental systems have been extensively used to generate functional memory responses by lymphocytes. Here, we have attempted to develop an in vitro experimental system to generate memory CD4(+) T lymphocytes. CD4(+) T cells stimulated through the antigen receptor complex were examined for their memory-like characteristics after 3 weeks of cell culture. A subset of surviving cells expressed high levels of CD44 and low levels of CD45RB (CD44(hi)CD45(lo)), a phe... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5642672 Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5642672 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5642675&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22273662%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: Declines in HBV infection prevalence may be related to expanded immunization. The increasing overall number of individuals being chronically infected with HBV, and the widespread global differences in HBV prevalence call for targeted approaches to tackle HBV-related mortality and morbidity. HBV infection prevalence data are needed at country and sub-national level to estimate disease burden and guide health and vaccine policy. PMID: 22273662 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5642675 Sat, 21 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5642675 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5642674&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22273663%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: There has been a large direct and sustained benefit from the universal 7vPCV program in children, particularly those aged <2 years, with some evidence for serotype replacement. There is also good evidence that the childhood program has provided indirect benefits to adults aged ≥65 years, although serotype replacement has reduced the initial benefits. PMID: 22273663 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5642674 Sat, 21 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5642674 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5642678&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22269871%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Shearer JD, Manetz TS, House RV Abstract A recombinant botulinum vaccine (rBV A/B) is being developed to protect adults 18-55 years of age from fatal botulism caused by inhalational intoxication with botulinum neurotoxin complex (BoNT) serotype A, subtype A1 (BoNT/A1) and BoNT serotype B, subtype B1 (BoNT/B1). Fundamental to the advanced development process is an initial demonstration of product safety in animals. A comprehensive series of studies was conducted to evaluate the general toxicity, neurobehavioral toxicity and local reactogenicity of the rBV A/B vaccine prior to first use in humans. Toxicity was evaluated in CD-1 mice vaccinated with control material and three dosages of rBV A/B with or without Alhydrogel(®) by intramuscular (IM) injection on Study Days 0, 28... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5642678 Fri, 20 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5642678 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5642677&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22269872%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhou M, Kostoula I, Brill B, Panou E, Sakarellos-Daitsiotis M, Dietrich U Abstract Peptide mimics of epitopes for pathogen-specific antibodies present in patient sera can be selected based on the phage display technology. Such mimotopes potentially represent vaccine candidates in case they are able to induce neutralizing antibodies upon vaccination. Here we analyze the immunogenicity of different conjugates of epitope EC26-2A4 localizing to the membrane proximal external region (MPER) of the HIV-1 transmembrane protein gp41. The EC26-2A4 epitope, which overlaps with that of the broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mAb) 2F5, was coupled to sequential oligopeptide carriers (SOC) or to palmitoyl acid for better immunogenicity. Upon prime-boost immunizations of mice, the ... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5642677 Fri, 20 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5642677 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5642676&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22269873%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Veen RL, Loynachan AT, Mogler MA, Russell BJ, Harris HD, Kamrud KI Abstract A single-cycle, propagation-defective replicon particle (RP) vaccine expressing a swine influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) gene was constructed and evaluated in several different animal studies. Studies done in both the intended host (pigs) and non-host (mice) species demonstrated that the RP vaccine is not shed or spread by vaccinated animals to comingled cohorts, nor does it revert to virulence following vaccination. In addition, vaccinated pigs develop both specific humoral and IFN-γ immune responses, and young pigs are protected against homologous influenza virus challenge. PMID: 22269873 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5642676 Fri, 20 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5642676 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5624701&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22266289%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective was twofold: first to analyze socio-demographic determinants of women's knowledge on HPV vaccine and secondly, determinants of actual HPV vaccine uptake and acceptability in Argentina after the above-mentioned vaccine advertising shown in mass media in the year 2008. We analyzed vaccine uptake/acceptability separately for women and for their daughters aged 9-15, and willingness to vaccinate one's daughter younger than 9 to receive future HPV vaccination. Results of the 1200 women interviewed, 438 women (36.5%) knew the HPV vaccine and 303 (25%) remembered the mass media advertisement about HPV vaccination. When asked whether she would get vaccinated after having seen/heard the advertisement, around 75% (n=226) of women answered surely/probably yes. No significant differences ... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5624701 Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5624701 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5624700&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22266290%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Li Y, Li P, Wang X, Yu Q, Yang Q Abstract Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, the primary pathogen of enzootic pneumonia, occurs worldwide and causes major economic losses to the pig industry. M. hyopneumoniae infects pigs at mucosal surfaces of respiratory tract. The aim of the present study was to investigate if the protection rate against M. hyopneumoniae infection following intranasal immunization with attenuated M. hyopneumoniae 168 strain is improved by administration of bacterial DNA containing CpG motifs. Thirty pigs were immunized intranasally or intramuscularly and the levels of local respiratory tract and systemic immune responses were detected. The results showed that the number of intraepithelial lymphocytes in the tracheal fork, the levels of cytokine IL-6, and M. hyop... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5624700 Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5624700 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5624699&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22266291%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: Routine vaccination against Streptococcus pneumoniae in Colombia would be cost-effective with PCV-10, with ICER below the per-capita GDP, but its inclusion requires evaluating the budget impact. PCV-13 would prevent more disease and deaths with a higher LYG, but PCV-10 would save more cost to the healthcare system due its higher impact in the prevention of AOM. There is limitation in the clinical evidence of both strategies. PMID: 22266291 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5624699 Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5624699 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5624705&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22265944%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: Prisoners are a vulnerable group with a high prevalence of hepatitis B infection and the custodial setting plays an important role in the delivery of hepatitis B vaccination to this hard to reach group. This study suggests that variation in hepatitis B vaccination coverage and uptake may exist by geographical region and prison category. Further research is required to confirm and identify possible explanations for our findings. PMID: 22265944 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5624705 Wed, 18 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5624705 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5624704&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22265945%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bauer M, Georgousakis M, Vu T, Henningham A, Hofman A, Rettel M, Hafner L, Sriprakash K, McMillan D Abstract A major challenge for Streptococcus pyogenes vaccine development is the identification of epitopes that confer protection from infection by multiple S. pyogenes M-types. Here we have identified and characterised the distribution of common variant sequences from individual repeat units of the C-repeat region (CRR) of M-proteins representing 77 different M-types. Three polyvalent fusion vaccine candidates (SV1, SV2 and SV3) incorporating the most common variants were subsequently expressed and purified, and demonstrated to be alpha-helical by Circular Dichroism (CD), a secondary conformational characteristic of the CRR in the M-protein. Antibodies raised against each ... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5624704 Wed, 18 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5624704 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5624703&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22265946%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Buczkowski H, Parida S, Bailey D, Barrett T, Banyard AC Abstract The eradication of rinderpest virus (RPV) from the globe was possible through the availability of a safe and effective live attenuated vaccine and a suitable companion diagnostic test. However, the inability to serologically 'Differentiate between naturally Infected and Vaccinated Animals' (DIVA) meant that both the time taken to complete the eradication programme and the economic burden on countries involved was significantly greater than if a vaccine and companion diagnostic test that fulfilled the DIVA concept had been available. During the RPV eradication campaign serosurveillance for RPV was primarily based on a competitive ELISA using a RPV specific (C1) monoclonal antibody (mAb) directed against the vi... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5624703 Wed, 18 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5624703 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5624702&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22265947%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kennedy RB, Ovsyannikova IG, Haralambieva IH, O'Byrne M, Jacobson RM, Pankratz VS, Poland GA Abstract Measles infection and vaccine response are complex biological processes that involve both viral and host genetic factors. We have previously investigated the influence of genetic polymorphisms on vaccine immune response, including measles vaccines, and have shown that polymorphisms in HLA, cytokine, cytokine receptor, and innate immune response genes are associated with variation in vaccine response but do not account for all of the inter-individual variance seen in vaccinated populations. In the current study we report the findings of a multigenic analysis of measles vaccine immunity, indicating a role for the measles virus receptor CD46, innate pattern-recognition recept... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5624702 Wed, 18 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5624702 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5624708&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22265859%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gaffga NH, Flagg EW, Weinstock HS, Shlay JC, Ghanem KG, Koutsky LA, Kerndt PR, Hsu KK, Unger ER, Datta SD Abstract We investigated the feasibility of monitoring trends in prevalence of vaccine-preventable human papillomavirus (HPV) types in different clinic populations. We collected cervical specimens from women presenting to family planning, primary care, and sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics for routine pap smears in five US cities during 2003-2005. We performed HPV genotyping and calculated annual type-specific prevalences; pre-vaccine era prevalence was highest for HPV 16 (6.0; 95% confidence interval [CI] 5.5-6.6%) and annual prevalences for vaccine-preventable types were stable, with few exceptions, after controlling for clinic type, age group, and city. Wit... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5624708 Tue, 17 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5624708 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5624707&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22265860%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cox MM Abstract The baculovirus-insect cell expression system is well known as tool for the production of complex proteins. The technology is also used for commercial manufacture of various veterinary and human vaccines. This review paper provides an overview of how this technology can be applied to produce a multitude of vaccine candidates. The key advantage of this recombinant protein manufacturing platform is that a universal "plug and play" process may be used for producing a broad range of protein-based prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines for both human and veterinary use while offering the potential for low manufacturing costs. Large scale mammalian cell culture facilities previously established for the manufacturing of monoclonal antibodies that have now become ob... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5624707 Tue, 17 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5624707 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5624706&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22265861%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Huang WT, Huang WI, Huang YW, Hsu CW, Chuang JH Abstract Adverse events following pandemic (H1N1) 2009 vaccines ("2009 H1N1 vaccines") in Taiwan were passively reported to the National Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting System. To evaluate the completeness of spontaneous reporting, cases of death, Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), convulsion, Bell's palsy, and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) after 2009 H1N1 vaccination that occurred between November 1, 2009 and August 31, 2010 were selected from the National Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting System (NADRRS) database and an additionally constructed nationwide large-linked database (LLDB), and matched on a unique personal identifier, date of vaccination (within ±7 days), and date of diagnosis (within ±7 days). Overall, ... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5624706 Tue, 17 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5624706 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5624710&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22261410%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Liao Q, Strong AJ, Liu Y, Liu Y, Meng P, Fu Y, Touzjian N, Shao Y, Zhao Z, Lu Y Abstract The Indian rhesus macaque is the established animal model for HIV infection and vaccine research. Growing evidence suggests that the more readily available Chinese rhesus macaque may be a more relevant option. As increasing numbers of novel Chinese rhesus MHC alleles are reported, we decided to explore potential HIV vaccine epitopes in this model. We immunized forty Chinese rhesus macaques with three different HIV vaccine candidates either individually or following a prime/boost strategy. We used ELISPOT to measure immune response in vitro to HIV-1 p24C and HIV-1 gp160 peptide libraries. We identified five putative epitopes with associations to HLA-I alleles including HLA*B-2705 and HL... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5624710 Mon, 16 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5624710 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5624709&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22261411%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Patel JR, Heldens JG, Bakonyi T, Rusvai M Abstract This paper offers an overview of important veterinary viral diseases of mammals stemming from aberrant immune response. Diseases reviewed comprise those due to lentiviruses of equine infectious anaemia, visna/maedi and caprine arthritis encephalitis. Diseases caused by viruses of feline infectious peritonitis, feline leukaemia, canine distemper and aquatic counterparts, Aleutian disease and malignant catarrhal fever. We also consider prospects of immunoprophylaxis for the diseases and briefly other control measures. It should be realised that the outlook for effective vaccines for many of the diseases is remote. This paper describes the current status of vaccine research and the difficulties encountered during their develo... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5624709 Mon, 16 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5624709 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5604181&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22248819%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Olkhanud PB, Mughal M, Ayukawa K, Malchinkhuu E, Bodogai M, Feldman N, Rothman S, Lee J, Chigurupati S, Okun E, Nagashima K, Mattson MP, Biragyn A Abstract Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an incurable and progressive neurodegenerative senile disorder associated with the brain accumulation of Aβ plaques. Although vaccines that reduce Aβ plaques can control AD, the rationale for their use at the onset of the disease remains debatable. Old humans and mice usually respond poorly to vaccines due to presumably age-related immunological impairments. Here, we report that by modifying vaccines, the poor responsiveness of old mice can be reversed. Unlike the Aβ peptide vaccine, DNA immunizations with the amino-terminal Aβ(1-11) fragment exposed on the surface of HBsAg particles elic... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5604181 Fri, 13 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5604181 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5604180&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22248820%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sakamoto H, Takeo S, Maier AG, Sattabongkot J, Cowman AF, Tsuboi T Abstract One approach to develop a malaria blood-stage vaccine is to target proteins that play critical roles in the erythrocyte invasion of merozoites. The merozoite surface proteins (MSPs) and the erythrocyte-binding antigens (EBAs) are considered promising vaccine candidates, for they are known to play important roles in erythrocyte invasion and are exposed to host immune system. Here we focused on a Plasmodium falciparum antigen, PfMSPDBL1 (encoded by PF10_0348 gene) that is a member of the MSP3 family and has both Duffy binding-like (DBL) domain and secreted polymorphic antigen associated with merozoites (SPAM) domain. Therefore, we aimed to characterize PfMSPDBL1 as a vaccine candidate. Recombinant fu... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5604180 Fri, 13 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5604180 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5604179&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22248821%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Boudreau EF, Josleyn M, Ullman D, Fisher D, Dalrymple L, Sellers-Myers K, Loudon P, Rusnak J, Rivard R, Schmaljohn C, Hooper JW Abstract Candidate DNA vaccines for hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome expressing the envelope glycoprotein genes of Hantaan (HTNV) or Puumala (PUUV) viruses were evaluated in an open-label, single-center Phase 1 study consisting of three vaccination groups of nine volunteers. The volunteers were vaccinated by particle-mediated epidermal delivery (PMED) three times at four-week intervals with the HTNV DNA vaccine, the PUUV DNA vaccine or both vaccines. At each dosing, the volunteers received 8μg DNA/4mg gold. There were no study-related serious adverse events, and all injection site pain was graded as mild. The most commonly reported systemic ... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5604179 Fri, 13 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5604179 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5604187&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22245603%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rodríguez-Mallon A, Fernández E, Encinosa PE, Bello Y, Méndez-Pérez L, Ruiz LC, Pérez D, González M, Garay H, Reyes O, Méndez L, Estrada MP Abstract Ticks are acaridae ectoparasites that, while taking a blood meal, can transmit viruses, bacteria, protozoa and filarial nematodes, which cause a variety of human and animal illnesses. The use of chemical pesticides constitutes the primary measure for control of these ectoparasites. However, the intensive use of these chemicals has drawbacks such as the contamination of food, environmental pollution and development of resistance by ectoparasites. Vaccination is considered a promising alternative for controlling infestations by ectoparasites. Although emerging tick proteins have been identified recently, and have been pro... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5604187 Thu, 12 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5604187 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5604186&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22245604%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fraile L, Grau-Roma L, Sarasola P, Sinovas N, Nofrarías M, López-Jimenez R, López-Soria S, Sibila M, Segalés J Abstract The present study describes the effects of a commercially available vaccine against Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) on clinical, pathological and virological outcomes of 3-week-old piglets from two farms with a clinical history of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). The study was a controlled, double-blinded, parallel group (1:1) and randomized trial (with a negative control) involving a total of 1239 animals. The study period comprised from weaning age (time of vaccination or PBS inoculation) until the first shipment of pigs to the slaughterhouse. The vaccine product was able to reduce clinical signs, PCV2 viral load in sera and faece... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5604186 Thu, 12 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5604186 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5604185&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22245605%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Polisena J, Chen Y, Manuel D Abstract In 2000, Ontario, Canada introduced a universal influenza immunization program (UIIP) to provide free vaccines to its residents, whose ages are six months or older. The current study sought to measure the effect of the UIIP on influenza vaccination uptake in Ontario compared with other provinces combined. Data from the 2007/2008 Canadian Community Health Survey (cycle 4.1) were used in the analyses. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to estimate the odds ratios for influenza vaccination 2007/2008 associated with province of residence (Ontario versus other provinces combined) and other factors including chronic disease status, age, gender, household income, smoking status, having a medical doctor, and self-perceived health stat... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5604185 Thu, 12 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5604185 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5604184&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22245606%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Iorio AM, Bistoni O, Galdiero M, Lepri E, Camilloni B, Russano AM, Neri M, Basileo M, Spinozzi F Abstract We analyzed humoral and cellular immune responses against vaccine antigens and the new A(H1N1) virus in healthy adults before and after immunization with the 2007/2008 commercially available trivalent subunit MF59-adjuvanted influenza vaccine during the Fall 2007, prior to the emergence of the new virus. Antibody titers were significantly boosted only against the three vaccine antigens. Seasonal vaccination boosted pre-existing cellular responses upon stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells not only with the homologous three vaccine antigens, but also with the heterologous new 2009 A(H1N1) and with a highly conserved peptide present in the stalk region of hem... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5604184 Thu, 12 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5604184 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5604183&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22245607%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: LBVH0101 showed a good immunogenicity and safety profile in infants and children. The two-dose infant-priming schedule with a booster dose may suffice for Hib immunization in Korean infants (Clinical trial registration numbers: NCT01019772 and NCT01251133). PMID: 22245607 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5604183 Thu, 12 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5604183 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5604182&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22245608%26dopt%3DAbstract This study demonstrated how non-viral gene delivery to DCs involving complexes of poly-l-lysine (PLL) and plasmid DNA (pDNA) (polyplexes) showed dependence on DNA vector topology. DNA topology is of importance from both production and regulatory viewpoints. In our previous study with CHO cells we demonstrated that polyplex uptake was dependent on DNA topology whereby complexes containing supercoiled (SC) pDNA were smaller, more resistant to nucleases and more effectively condensed by PLL than open circular (OC) and linear-pDNA complexes. In this study polyplex uptake in DCs was measured qualitatively and quantitatively by confocal microscopy along with gene expression studies and measurement of DC phenotype. PLL is known for its ability to condense DNA and serve as an effective gene delive... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5604182 Thu, 12 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5604182 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5604191&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22244979%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of this study was to determine if reducing disease severity by BCG vaccination of guinea pigs prior to M. tuberculosis challenge enhanced the efficacy of combination drug therapy. At 20 days of infection, treatment of vaccinated and non-vaccinated animals with rifampin, isoniazid, and pyrizinamide (RHZ) was initiated for 4 or 8 weeks. On days 50, 80 and 190 of infection (10 weeks after drug were withdrawn), treatment efficacy was evaluated by quantifying clinical condition, bacterial loads, lesion severity, and dynamic changes in peripheral blood and lung leukocyte numbers by flow cytometry. In a separate, long-term survival study, treatment efficacy was evaluated by determining disease reactivation frequency post-mortem. BCG vaccination alone delayed pulmonary and extra-pulm... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5604191 Wed, 11 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5604191 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5604190&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22244980%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Top S, Foucras G, Deplanche M, Rives G, Calvalido J, Comtet L, Bertagnoli S, Meyer G Abstract Recombinant poxviruses are well suited for the development of new vaccine vectors. Our previous data supported the idea that Myxomavirus (MYXV) is efficient at priming antibody responses in sheep. To provide definitive evidence on the potential of MYXV for vaccination against infectious diseases in ruminants, we investigated the immune protection provided by recombinant MYXV against bluetongue, a devastating disease in sheep. To test this concept, sheep were injected twice with an MYXV expressing the immunodominant VP2 protein (SG33-VP2). The SG33-VP2 vector promoted the production of neutralising antibodies and partially protected sheep against disease after challenge with a high... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5604190 Wed, 11 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5604190 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5604189&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22245309%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, our results show that Pvs230 is a transmission-blocking vaccine candidate of P. vivax. PMID: 22245309 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5604189 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5604189 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5604188&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22245310%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chaves SS, Fischer G, Groeger J, Patel PR, Thompson ND, Teshale EH, Stevenson K, Yano VM, Armstrong GL, Samandari T, Kamili S, Drobeniuc J, Hu DJ Abstract The long-term duration of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine-induced immunity among persons vaccinated starting at birth is still not well understood. Waning of vaccine-induced immunity could leave young adults at risk of hepatitis B virus infection due to behavioral or occupational exposures. We followed a cohort of children immunized starting at birth with a 3-dose regimen of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (5mcg, 2.5mcg, 2.5mcg). They were challenged with a booster dose of the hepatitis B vaccine 10 and 15 years after vaccination to assess anamnestic response as a measure of persistence of protection. Among 108 participa... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5604188 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5604188 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5604198&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22234268%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Surendran N, Hiltbold EM, Heid B, Akira S, Standiford TJ, Sriranganathan N, Boyle SM, Zimmerman KL, Makris MR, Witonsky SG Abstract Brucellosis is worldwide zoonoses affecting 500,000 people annually with no approved human vaccines available. Live attenuated Brucella abortus vaccine strain RB51 protects cattle through CD4 and CD8 T-cell mediated responses. However, limited information is known regarding how Brucella stimulate innate immunity. Although the most critical toll like receptors (TLRs) involved in the recognition of Brucella are TLR2, TLR4 and TLR9, it is important to identify the essential TLRs that induce DC activation/function in response to Brucella, to be able to upregulate both vaccine strain RB51-mediated protection, and clearance of pathogenic strain 2308... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5604198 Mon, 09 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5604198 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5604197&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22240340%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhou H, Min J, Zhao Q, Gu Q, Cong H, Li Y, He S Abstract Previous immunological studies from our laboratory have demonstrated the potential role of Toxoplasma gondii antigens SAG1 and GRA2 as vaccine candidates. To further evaluate the vaccine's effects, a series of recombinant DNA vaccines pVAX1-SAG1, pVAX1-GRA2 and pVAX1-SAG1-GRA2, termed pSAG1, pGRA2 and pSAG1-GRA2, respectively, were constructed. A plasmid pVAX1-S/PreS2, termed pSPreS2 encoding hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg) S and PreS2 as a novel genetic adjuvant, was also constructed. The expression abilities of those DNA plasmids were examined in HFF cells by Western blotting. Then BALB/c mice were intramuscularly immunized with DNA plasmids and followed by challenging with the highly virulent T. go... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5604197 Mon, 09 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5604197 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5604196&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22240341%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, in a cohort of HPV16/18 vaccinated women, four rounds of HPV DNA screening is cost-effective. One screen during lifetime remains cost-effective in addition to broad spectrum vaccination offering protection against many high-risk HPV types. PMID: 22240341 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5604196 Mon, 09 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5604196 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5604195&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22240342%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ma WJ, Bao MJ, Zhu JP, Yao HY, Xie YC, Guan Y, Li FF, Dong XW, Zheng YM, Xie QM Abstract Clinically, sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) using allergen extracts effectively alleviates the symptoms of allergic rhinitis and asthma. We hypothesized that oral administration of a high-dose of allergen extracts imitates SLIT, which may prevent IgE-related responses in allergic diseases. In the present study, we investigated the effects of oral administration of allergen extracts from mugwort pollen (MP) on allergen-induced inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in an allergic mouse model. After administration of MPdrop containing Art v 1 and Art v 4 extracts derived from MP specifically in MP-sensitized mice, the effects of MPdrop on AHR, inflammatory cell accumulation, c... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5604195 Mon, 09 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5604195 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5604194&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22240343%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, humoral immunity was elicited using genetic vaccinations between C57BL/6J mice and Macaca fascicularis. The immunized serum neutralized HPA activity and attenuated the invasion of B16 cells in vitro. In addition, T lymphocytes from the splenic cells of the immunized mice induced HPA-specific cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTLs), which verified cytoimmunity. Prophylactic vaccination significantly suppressed tumor growth and metastasis in vivo and prolonged the survival rate in tumor-bearing murine models. In addition, RT-PCR and Western blot analyses of the primary tumors indicated less proliferation and angiogenesis and more apoptosis in the HPA-immunization immunotherapy groups. Simultaneously, the levels of IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-γ were not significantly greater in the HPA-immunized... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5604194 Mon, 09 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5604194 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5604193&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22240344%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Njongmeta LM, Bray J, Davies CJ, Davis WC, Howard CJ, Hope JC, Palmer GH, Brown WC, Mwangi W Abstract Dendritic cell antigen targeting primes robust immune responses in mouse models. Optimizing this immunization strategy in the actual hosts that require protection will advance development of efficacious contemporary vaccines. In a proof-of-concept study, we tested the immunogenicity of a single, low dose of a novel multi-component DNA construct expressing a CD205-targeted antigen fused to a CD40L minimal functional domain for linked DC activation. The DNA construct was formulated with DNA-encoded Flt3L and GM-CSF for DC recruitment and the formulation was evaluated in MHC class II-matched calves. Immunization of the calves with the CD205 antigen-targeting construct mixed w... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5604193 Mon, 09 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5604193 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5604192&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22240345%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bequet-Romero M, Morera Y, Ayala-Ávila M, Ancizar J, Soria Y, Blanco A, Suárez-Alba J, Gavilondo JV Abstract CIGB-247 is a novel cancer therapeutic vaccine that uses a mutated form of human VEGF as antigen. Being metastatic disease the most dramatic factor of tumor biology affecting patient survival and cure, preclinical evaluation of the impact of CIGB-247 vaccination on experimental metastasis mouse models is highly relevant, and constitutes the focus of this work. CIGB-247 was administered in a weekly schedule known to effectively reduce primary tumor growth. The vaccine was tested in experimental and spontaneous metastasis models of colon (CT26), lung (3LL-D122) and breast (F3II) carcinomas growing in C57Bl/6 or BALB/c mice. Primary tumor growth parameters, metastati... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5604192 Mon, 09 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5604192 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5604204&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22234262%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cox JH, Ferrari MG, Earl P, Lane JR, Jagodzinski LL, Polonis VR, Kuta EG, Boyer JD, Ratto-Kim S, Eller LA, Pham DT, Hart L, Montefiori D, Ferrari G, Parrish S, Weiner DB, Moss B, Kim JH, Birx D, Vancott TC Abstract The current study assessed the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of various prime-boost vaccine regimens in rhesus macaques using combinations of recombinant DNA (rDNA), recombinant MVA (rMVA), and subunit gp140 protein. The rDNA and rMVA vectors were constructed to express Env from HIV-1 subtype CRF01_AE and Gag-Pol from CRF01_AE or SIVmac 239. One of the rMVAs, MVA/CMDR, has been recently tested in humans. Immunizations were administered at months 0 and 1 (prime) and months 3 and 6 (boost). After priming, HIV env-specific serum IgG was detected in monkeys... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5604204 Sat, 07 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5604204 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5604203&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22234263%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Li-Li Z, Min L, Jun-Wei G, Xin-Yuan Q, Yi-Jing L, Di-Qiu L Abstract Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) infects wild and cultured salmonids, causing high mortality in juvenile trouts and salmons. IPNV VP2-VP3 fusion gene was constructed by splicing overlap extension (SOE) PCR and inserted into Lactobacillus/Escherichia coli shuttle vectors (pPG1and pPG2) followed by transformation of Lactobacillus casei competent cell to yield two recombinant strains: Lc:PG1-VP2-VP3 (surface-displayed) and Lc:PG2-VP2-VP3 (secretory). Subsequently, juvenile rainbow trouts were inoculated with the recombinant strains via orogastric route. Our results demonstrated that Lactobacillus-derived VP2-VP3 fusion protein could induce production of serum IgM specific for IPNV with neutralizing... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5604203 Sat, 07 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5604203 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5604202&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22234264%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Connolly T, Reb J Abstract Vaccination decisions, as in choosing whether or not to immunize one's small child against specific diseases, are both psychologically and computationally complex. The psychological complexities have been extensively studied, often in the context of shaping convincing or persuasive messages that will encourage parents to vaccinate their children. The computational complexity of the decision has been less noted. However, even if the parent has access to neutral, accurate, credible information on vaccination risks and benefits, he or she can easily be overwhelmed by the task of combining this information into a well-reasoned decision. We argue here that the Internet, in addition to its potential as an information source, could provide useful assist... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5604202 Sat, 07 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5604202 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5604201&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22234265%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Leder K, Chen LH, Wilson ME Abstract Vaccine recommendations for travellers are based on individual risk assessments of multiple factors, most importantly the destination and duration of the impending trip. Many people undertake frequent trips, but existing WHO, CDC and national advisory board recommendations do not explicitly consider cumulative travel-associated risks. Given the period of protection provided by many vaccines, in particular rabies, hepatitis A, hepatitis B and yellow fever vaccines, an aggregate multi-trip risk assessment which views vaccines as an investment for future travel health may be more appropriate than separately evaluating the risks for each trip. PMID: 22234265 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5604201 Sat, 07 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5604201 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5604200&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22234266%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Goicochea MA, Zapata JC, Bryant J, Davis H, Salvato MS, Lukashevich IS Abstract Lassa fever (LF) is one of the most prevalent viral hemorrhagic fevers in West Africa responsible for thousands of deaths annually. The BSL-4 containment requirement and lack of small animal model to evaluate Lassa virus (LASV)-specific cell-mediated immunity (CMI) complicate development of effective LF vaccines. Here we have described a CBA/J-ML29 model allowing evaluation of LASV-specific CMI responses in mice. This model is based on Mopeia virus reassortant clone ML29, an attractive immunogenic surrogate for LASV. A single intraperitoneal (i.p.) immunization of CBA/J mice with ML29 protected animals against a lethal homologous intracerebral (i.c.) challenge with 588 LD(50). The ML29-immunize... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5604200 Sat, 07 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5604200 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5604199&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22234267%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Haghi F, Peerayeh SN, Siadat SD, Zeighami H Abstract Secretin PilQ is an antigenically conserved outer membrane protein which is present on most meningococci. This protein naturally expressed at high levels and is essential for meningococcal pilus expression at the cell surface. A 1095bp fragment of C-terminal of secretin pilQ from serogroup B Neisseria meningitidis was cloned into prokaryotic expression vector pET-28a. Recombinant protein was overexpressed with IPTG and affinity-purified by Ni-NTA agarose. BALB/c mice were immunized subcutaneously with purified rPilQ(406-770) mixed with Freund's adjuvant. Serum antibody responses to serogroups A and B N. meningitidis whole cells or purified rPilQ(406-770) and functional activity of antibodies were determined by ELISA and ... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5604199 Sat, 07 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5604199 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578911&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22227123%26dopt%3DAbstract This study suggests that VACV is able to cross the BBB but encephalitis occurs only in the presence of a co-infection by bacteria. So, a model of co-infection, mimicked by LPS treatment, could have important implication towards the assessment of neurovirulence of new vaccines. PMID: 22227123 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578911 Fri, 06 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5578911 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578906&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22230578%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Snape MD, Medini D, Halperin SA, Detora L, Drori J, Moxon ER Abstract Novel serogroup B meningococcal vaccines are currently in late stage development and may be used in mass immunisation campaigns over the coming years. This represents an exciting development in the prevention of childhood meningitis, however monitoring the impact of these vaccines on meningococcal disease epidemiology will provide significant challenges. Although designed to prevent serogroup B meningococcal disease the vaccine antigens are not serogroup specific, creating the potential for multiple definitions of vaccine effectiveness and vaccine failure. PMID: 22230578 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578906 Fri, 06 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5578906 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578905&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22230579%26dopt%3DAbstract In this report, the internal genes from rg1930 were used for construction of reverse genetics viruses carrying a cleavage site-modified hemagglutinin (HA) gene and neuraminidase (NA) gene from a highly pathogenic H5N1 virus. The resulting virus (rg1930H5N1) was low pathogenic in vivo. Inactivated rg1930H5N1 vaccine completely protected chickens from morbidity and mortality after challenge with highly pathogenic H5N1. Protective immunity was obtained when chickens were immunized with an inactivated vaccine consisting of at least 2(9) HA units of the rg1930H5N1 virus. In comparison to the PR8-based reverse genetics viruses carrying the same HA and NA genes from an H5N1 virus, rg1930 based viruses yielded higher viral titers in MDCK and Vero cells. In addition, the reverse genetics derived H3... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578905 Fri, 06 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5578905 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578904&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22230580%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hawdon N, Biman B, McCready W, Brigden M, Malik S, Vergidis D, Kisselgoff O, Ulanova M Abstract Prevalence of non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) in the etiology of invasive infections in immunocompromised individuals is increasing. Serum IgG antibody levels to H. influenzae protein D (PD) were significantly lower in adults suffering from chronic conditions causing secondary immunodeficiency (COPD, cancer, chronic renal failure, and diabetes) compared to age-matched healthy controls. A lack of naturally acquired antibody against this highly conserved antigen may contribute to an increased susceptibility to invasive NTHi disease. As COPD patients frequently infected with NTHi during disease exacerbations were unable to develop antibody response to PD, such defect cou... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578904 Fri, 06 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5578904 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578903&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22230581%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: The heterogeneity in measles vaccination coverage across SA districts challenges the goal of measles elimination in SA and SSA. The reduction in routine immunization coverage associated with the occurrence of SIAs raises the legitimate concern that SIAs may negatively impact health systems' functioning. PMID: 22230581 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578903 Fri, 06 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5578903 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578902&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22230582%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of this study was to identify simplified methods to assess pertussis specific T cell responses and verify if these assays could be performed using frozen/thawed (frozen) PBMC. Three read-outs to measure proliferation were compared: the fluorescent dye 5,6-carboxylfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE) dilution test, the number of blast cells defined by physical parameters, and the incorporation of (3)H-thymidine. The results of pertussis-specific assays performed on fresh PBMC were compared to the results on frozen PBMC from the same donor. High concordance was obtained when the results of CFSE and blast read-outs were compared, an encouraging result since blast analysis allows the identification of proliferating cells and does not require any use of radioactive trac... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578902 Fri, 06 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5578902 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578901&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22230583%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kollipara A, George C, Hanger J, Loader J, Polkinghorne A, Beagley K, Timms P Abstract Chlamydial infections represent a major threat to the long-term survival of the koala and a successful vaccine would provide a valuable management tool. Vaccination however has the potential to enhance inflammatory disease in animals exposed to a natural infection prior to vaccination, a finding in early human and primate trials of whole cell vaccines to prevent trachoma. In the present study, we vaccinated both healthy koalas as well as clinically diseased koalas with a multi-subunit vaccine consisting of Chlamydia pecorum MOMP and NrdB mixed with immune stimulating complex as adjuvant. Following vaccination, there was no increase in inflammatory pathological changes in animals previous... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578901 Fri, 06 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5578901 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578900&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22230584%26dopt%3DAbstract We report on the monitoring of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) in Burkina Faso where more than 11 million people aged 1-29years were vaccinated. Vaccine pharmacovigilance relied on stimulated passive AEFI surveillance countrywide and active surveillance for 12 clinical conditions in one sentinel district (Ziniaré) with 97,715 people eligible for vaccination. All AEFI occurring during the 10days of mass campaign or the 42 subsequent days were to be notified. Serious AEFI were submitted to a national expert committee (NEC) for causality assessment. A total of 11,466,950 people were vaccinated with 1471 vaccines reported to have experienced at least one AEFI (12.83 cases per 100,000). 1444 AEFI were minor; the most common of which were fever, headache, gastro-intestinal disorder... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578900 Fri, 06 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5578900 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578899&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22230585%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we compared the capacity of dendritic cells (DCs) from healthy older adults (≥65years) with DCs from healthy young adults (20-40years) to initiate a T cell response against influenza. DCs from older adults were impaired in the induction of influenza-specific CD8+ T cells as compared to DCs from young adults, which was demonstrated by a decreased proliferation, an impaired production of IFN-γ and a reduced expression of the degranulation marker CD107a by CD8+ T cells. Importantly, DCs from older adults produced significantly less TNF-α, showed a decreased expression of HLA class I and had a lower maturation state after influenza virus infection. Supplementing TNF-α increased the expression of HLA class I and of maturation markers and enhanced the induction of the influen... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578899 Fri, 06 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5578899 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578898&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22230586%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: White OJ, McKenna KL, Bosco A, van den Biggelaar A, Richmond P, Holt PG Abstract Immune responses to vaccines in infants and young children are typically Th2-biased, giving rise to concerns regarding potential atopy-like side effects, and antagonism of Th1-associated sterilising immunity. Conventional immunological methodology has limited capacity to effectively address these problems because of the inherent complexity of the immune responses involved. In the present study, we sought to develop an unbiased systems biology approach to elucidate superficially similar Th2-associated responses to paediatric vaccines and allergens, and to differentiate between them via gene coexpression network analysis. We demonstrate below that in immune responses to the diptheria/acellular p... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578898 Fri, 06 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5578898 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578897&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22230587%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we performed evolutionary and population genetic analysis of sera5. The level of inter-species divergence (kS=0.076) between P. falciparum and Plasmodium reichenowi, a closely related chimpanzee malaria parasite is comparable to that of housekeeping protein genes. A signature of purifying selection was detected in the proenzyme and enzyme domains. Analysis of 445 near full-length P. falciparum sera5 sequences from nine countries in Africa, Southeast Asia, Oceania and South America revealed extensive variations in the number of octamer repeat (OR) and serine repeat (SR) regions as well as substantial level of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in non-repeat regions (2562bp). Remarkably, a 14 amino acid sequence of SERA5 (amino acids 59-72) that is known to be the in vitro t... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578897 Fri, 06 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5578897 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578896&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22230588%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Shen SS, Yang YW Abstract The function of emulsion adjuvants in vaccine antigen delivery remains unclear. To investigate the roles of emulsion adjuvants in cross presentation of exogenous antigens, a series of emulsions were prepared for both in vitro and in vivo studies. Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) were treated with the adjuvants and analyzed by flow cytometry for the expression of costimulatory molecules. The activation of antigen-specific T cells in vitro was determined with B3Z cells. Antibody secretion in the draining lymph nodes of emulsion adjuvant-treated animals was measured by enzyme-linked immuno-spot (ELISPOT) assays, and antigen-specific proliferation of cells was conducted to examine the roles of emulsion adjuvants in antigen delivery. Data on... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578896 Fri, 06 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5578896 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578895&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22230589%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: This study provides insights into vaccination-induced chemokines that guide the influx of protective immune cells into the stomach of H. pylori infected mice. PMID: 22230589 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578895 Fri, 06 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5578895 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578894&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22230590%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: This study corroborated some previous qualitative work but indicated that the shrinking group of parents now rejecting MMR comprises mainly those with more extreme and complex anti-immunisation views, whilst parents opting for single vaccines may use second-hand information about the controversy. In response, policymakers and practitioners should revise their expectations of today's MMR decision-makers, and their methods for supporting them. PMID: 22230590 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578894 Fri, 06 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5578894 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578893&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22230591%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: These results do not favor an association between receipt of AVA and an altered health related quality of life over a 30-month period. PMID: 22230591 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578893 Fri, 06 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5578893 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578892&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22230592%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hirobe S, Matsuo K, Quan YS, Kamiyama F, Morito H, Asada H, Takaya Y, Mukai Y, Okada N, Nakagawa S Abstract Transcutaneous immunization (TCI) is a non-invasive and easy-to-use vaccination method. We demonstrated the efficacy and safety of a transcutaneous vaccine formulation using a hydrogel patch in animal experiments. In the present study, we performed a clinical study to apply our TCI formulation for vaccination against tetanus and diphtheria in human. The TCI device was a hydrogel patch (antigen-free) applied to the left brachial medial skin of 22 healthy volunteers for 48h. Next, the hydrogel patch, containing 2mg tetanus toxoid (TT) and 2mg diphtheria toxoid (DT) as the TCI formulation, was applied to 27 healthy volunteers for 24h and some volunteers were vaccinated ... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578892 Fri, 06 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5578892 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578891&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22230593%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: Direct observation of immunization discussions in the primary care pediatric setting is feasible and yields insight into several provider-parent immunization communication practices that are worthy of further study to determine which are effective at improving parental acceptance of immunization. PMID: 22230593 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578891 Fri, 06 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5578891 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578908&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22227229%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: The safety profile of mpHBV was comparable to that of the control vaccine. The geometric mean antibody titer for mpHBV was higher than control vaccine in this infant population, but the difference did not meet the predefined statistical criterion for superiority. PMID: 22227229 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578908 Thu, 05 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5578908 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578907&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22227230%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Montiel N, Smoliga G, Arzt J Abstract Recombinant replication-defective human adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) vaccines containing capsid-coding regions from foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) have been demonstrated to induce effective immune responses and provide homologous protective immunity against FMDV in cattle. However, basic mechanisms of Ad5-FMDV vaccine function including virus tropism, transgene expression, and antigen presentation, remain incompletely understood. The current study characterized the dynamics of Ad5 viral vector (Ad5-FMDV-A24 and Ad5-luciferase) infection in cell lines and early post-inoculation vector-host interactions in cattle. Adenovirus dissemination was described utilizing novel rPCR, rRT-PCR, luminometry, and immunomicroscopy techniques. In vitro ... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578907 Thu, 05 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5578907 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578918&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22226858%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chlibek R, Anca I, André F, Cižman M, Ivaskeviciene I, Mangarov A, Mészner Z, Perenovska P, Pokorn M, Prymula R, Richter D, Salman N, Simurka P, Tamm E, Tešović G, Urbancikova I, Zavadska D, Usonis V Abstract As Europe's population ages, disease morbidity and treatment costs in the adult population are likely to rise substantially, making this a pertinent time to review and revise preventive strategies such as vaccination. Vaccine uptake remains a problem for adults and there is a lack of coordinated programmes for vaccination of adults. Countries in Western Europe have begun to identify the need to increase adult vaccination, but the situation in Central European countries remains poorly identified and inadequately described. This paper summarises the evidence to sup... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578918 Wed, 04 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5578918 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578917&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22226859%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that, contrary to what has been shown for childhood vaccines, raising Medicaid reimbursement rates may not improve adolescent vaccine utilization. Instead, other policy changes may be more effective, such as expansion of VFC programs into universal purchase programs, further implementation of school-based vaccine mandates and efforts to raise preventive care visits among adolescents. PMID: 22226859 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578917 Wed, 04 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5578917 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578916&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22226860%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nevin RL PMID: 22226860 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578916 Wed, 04 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5578916 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578915&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22226861%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Reed C, Meltzer MI, Finelli L, Fiore A Abstract The annual trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) includes viruses representing three influenza strains - one A/H1N1, one A/H3N2, and one B, although two antigenically distinct lineages of influenza B (Victoria and Yamagata) co-circulate annually in the United States. Predicting which lineage of influenza B will predominate during a season is challenging, and cross-protection by immunization against the other lineage is expected to be low. One proposed alternative is to produce a quadrivalent influenza vaccine (QIV) including an influenza B virus from each of the two circulating lineages. We estimated the additional public health benefit of QIV compared with TIV by calculating the expected impact on influenza-related health outcom... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578915 Wed, 04 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5578915 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578914&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22226862%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined the influence of type I IFNs on these parameters following immunization with RepliVAX WN, a single-cycle flavivirus vaccine (SCFV) against West Nile virus (WNV) disease. RepliVAX WN-immunized mice produced IFN-α and displayed increased IFN-stimulated gene transcription in draining lymph nodes (LN). SCFV gene expression was over 100 fold-higher on days 1-3 post-infection in type I IFN receptor knockout mice (IFNAR(-/-)) compared to wild-type (wt) mice indicating a profound IFN-mediated suppression of SCFV gene expression in the wt animals. IFNAR(-/-) mice produced nearly equivalent levels of WNV-specific serum IgG and WNV-specific CD4(+) T cell responses compared to wt mice. However, significantly higher numbers of WNV-specific CD8(+) T cells were produced by IFNAR(-/-) mice an... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578914 Wed, 04 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5578914 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578913&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22226863%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, the genetic stability of Japanese BCG vaccine production using currently available PCR methods and protective efficacy using a guinea-pig model during the passages were examined. The results showed that there were no significant differences between the seed lot, the product manufactured by normal procedures, and the 20th passage product. These results indicate that the maximum number of passages as currently required by WHO for BCG vaccine production is adequate for the Japanese vaccine, and that new genetic tools may help to examine the quality control of the BCG vaccine. PMID: 22226863 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578913 Wed, 04 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5578913 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578912&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22226864%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: We raised high-titer antibodies against several parts of the protein, and identified Id1-DBL2X as the minimal VAR2CSA fragment inducing antibodies with CSA-binding inhibitory efficiency in the same range as the full-length extracellular part of VAR2CSA. PMID: 22226864 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578912 Wed, 04 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5578912 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578910&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22227146%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Coverage for early-infant vaccines was high; however, most children did not complete their full vaccination series, and many children received vaccinations later than recommended. Efforts to improve the vaccination program should include increasing the frequency of outreach services, training for vaccination staff to minimize missed opportunities, and better communicating the timing of vaccinations to encourage caregivers to bring their children for vaccinations at the recommended age. Efforts to promote the benefits of vaccination and card retention are also needed. PMID: 22227146 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578910 Tue, 03 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5578910 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578909&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22227147%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: Maternal IgG-PT against B. pertussis measured in cord blood applied to Guthrie cards and calibrated against blood spot calibrators show good agreement with measurement of IgG-PT in cord serum. This offers new perspectives for future studies concerning B. pertussis antibodies. PMID: 22227147 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578909 Tue, 03 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5578909 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578923&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22222871%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, among different attenuated VSVs with mutated M and/or G proteins, recombinant VSV with only truncated G protein (VSV-GΔ28) demonstrated ideal balance between pathogenesis and stimulating a protective immune response. These properties make VSV-GΔ28 a promising vaccine vector and vaccine candidate for preventing vesicular stomatitis disease. PMID: 22222871 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578923 Mon, 02 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5578923 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578922&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22222868%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sáez D, Fernández P, Rivera A, Andrews E, Oñate A Abstract Brucella infections mainly occur through mucosal surfaces. Thus, the development of mucosal administered vaccines could be instrumental for the control of brucellosis. Here, we evaluated the usefulness of recombinant Lactococcus lactis secreting Brucella abortus Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) as oral antigen delivery system, when administered alone or in combination with L. lactis expressing IL-12. To this end, mice were vaccinated by oral route with L. lactis NZ9000 transformed with pSEC derivatives encoding for SOD (pSEC:SOD) and IL-12 (pSEC:scIL-12). In animals receiving L. lactis pSEC:SOD alone, anti-SOD-specific IgM antibodies were detected in sera at day 28 post-vaccination, together with an IgG2a domina... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578922 Mon, 02 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5578922 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578921&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22222869%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pandya J, Gorchakov R, Wang E, Leal G, Weaver SC Abstract To develop an effective vaccine against eastern equine encephalitis (EEE), we engineered a recombinant EEE virus (EEEV) that was attenuated and capable of replicating only in vertebrate cells, an important safety feature for live vaccines against mosquito-borne viruses. The subgenomic promoter was inactivated with 13 synonymous mutations and expression of the EEEV structural proteins was placed under the control of an internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) derived from encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV). We tested this vaccine candidate for virulence, viremia and efficacy in the murine model. A single subcutaneous immunization with 10(4) infectious units protected 100% of mice against intraperitoneal challenge with a h... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578921 Mon, 02 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5578921 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578920&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22222870%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nayak B, Dias FM, Kumar S, Paldurai A, Collins PL, Samal SK Abstract The avian paramyxoviruses (APMVs) belong to the genus Avulavirus of family Paramyxoviridae. The APMVs are classified into nine serotypes on the basis of hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and neuraminidase inhibition (NI) assays, although some serologic cross-reaction exists. Newcastle disease virus (NDV), which constitutes serotype 1 (APMV-1), is an important pathogen of poultry, but the pathogenic potential of the other APMV serotypes is poorly understood. Although antibodies to APMV -2 to -9 are prevalent in chickens, the effect of prior exposure to these serotypes on susceptibility to NDV infection and disease was not known. In the present study, chickens were immunized with APMV-2 to -9 by the oculo-na... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578920 Mon, 02 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5578920 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578919&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22222872%26dopt%3DAbstract We described the monetary and non-monetary cost incurred by children hospitalized for virologically confirmed influenza virus infection in a population-based prospective 3-year study. The mean direct and indirect cost of each child hospitalized was $1217.82 (95% CI, 1111.54-1324.23) and $1328.33 (95% CI, $1136.79-1520.00) for influenza A and B, respectively. School age patients took a mean (SD) of 4.70 (3.05) days and 5.31 (3.62) days of sick leave for influenza A and B infection, respectively. Pediatric influenza A and B hospitalization was associated with 662-1046 days of school absenteeism and 214-336 days of parental work loss per 10,000 population <18 years of age per year. We showed that the cost incurred by hospitalization alone, was comparable to the cost of annual universal ped... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578919 Mon, 02 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5578919 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5562103&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22214886%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of infants that completed the series was greater and compliance with respective FDA-approved and harmonized dosing schedules was higher among infants vaccinated with RV1 than among infants who received RV5. PMID: 22214886 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5562103 Sat, 31 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5562103 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5562102&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22214887%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mohler VL, Heithoff DM, Mahan MJ, Hornitzky MA, Thomson PC, House JK Abstract Intensive livestock production is associated with an increased incidence of salmonellosis. The risk of infection and the subsequent public health concern is attributed to increased pathogen exposure and disease susceptibility due to multiple stressors experienced by livestock from farm to feedlot. Traditional parenteral vaccine methods can further stress susceptible populations and cause carcass damage, adverse reactions, and resultant increased production costs. As a potential means to address these issues, in-water delivery of live attenuated vaccines affords a low cost, low-stress method for immunization of livestock populations that is not associated with the adverse handling stressors and in... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5562102 Sat, 31 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5562102 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5562101&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22214888%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we first tested a potential EV71 vaccine candidate based on virus-like particles (VLP). We vaccinated macaque monkeys to validate the immunogenicity of the VLP vaccine to EV71. We detected the VLP or EV71-specific antibodies, neutralization titers, ELISPOT, and T cell response to find their immune responses to EV71. When the VLP vaccine adjuvanted with alum was given to macaque monkeys, these monkeys developed both specific humoral and cellular immune responses to EV71. Despite lower neutralizing antibodies to EV71 were found in sera of VLP-immunized monkeys than monkeys vaccinated with inactivated EV71, VLP-based vaccine generated a memory immune response to EV71. Hence, VLP-based EV71 vaccine is a potential vaccine against EV71 infection. PMID: 22214888 [PubMed - as su... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5562101 Sat, 31 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5562101 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5562100&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22214889%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Vaccine coverage during the pandemic varied widely across countries and population sub-groups. We identified some consistent determinants of this variation that can be targeted to increase vaccination during future influenza pandemics. PMID: 22214889 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5562100 Sat, 31 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5562100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5550956&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fsites%2Fentrez%3Fcmd%3DSearch%26db%3Dpubmed%26term%3D%28%28%280264-410X%29%2520AND%2520%25222011%252F11%252F25%252003.12%2522%255BMHDA%255D%253A%25222011%252F12%252F30%252007.12%2522%255BMHDA%255D%29%29%2520NOT%2520%28%28%2520%28%28%28%2522Vaccine%2522%255BTIAB%255D%29%29%29%2520AND%2520%25220001%2522%255BEDAT%255D%253A%25222011%252F11%252F25%252003.12%2522%255BEDAT%255D%29%29 160 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results: 0264-410X These pubmed results were generated on 2011/12/30PubMed, a service of the National Library of Medicine, includes over 15 million citations for biomedical articles back to the 1950's. These citations are from MEDLINE and additional life science journals. PubMed includes links to many sites providing full text articles and other related resources. (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5550956 Fri, 30 Dec 2011 12:12:03 +0100 5550956 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5441693&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22107847%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Claus H, Jördens MS, Kriz P, Musilek M, Jarva H, Pawlik MC, Meri S, Vogel U Abstract The investigational multicomponent meningococcus serogroup B vaccine (4CMenB) targets the antigenetically variable population of serogroup B meningococci. Forty-one strains of capsule null locus (cnl) meningococci, which are frequent among healthy carriers, were selected from nine sequence types (ST), which belong to four clonal complexes (cc), and three countries. They were antigen sequence typed and analyzed for antigen expression to predict whether these strains harbor the genes and express the four vaccine antigens of 4CMenB as measured by the meningococcal antigen typing system (MATS). The PorA variant used in the vaccine was not found. The nadA gene was absent in all but one strain,... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5441693 Sat, 19 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5441693 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5441687&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22108489%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Uddin MJ, Saha NC, Islam Z, Khan IA, Shamsuzzaman , Quaiyum MA, Koehlmoos TP Abstract The study was conducted to assess the impact of combined interventions to improve the child immunization coverage in rural hard-to-reach areas of Bangladesh. The valid coverage increased at endline compared to baseline in the study areas, and the difference of the increase was highly significant (p<0.001). The findings also showed that the number of drop-outs, left-outs, and invalid doses decreased at endline compared to baseline in the study areas, and the difference was also highly significant (p<0.001). The immunization coverage improved significantly in all the four study sub-districts that received interventions, although the relative contribution of each intervention is unknow... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5441687 Sat, 19 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5441687 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5441686&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22108490%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: In four urban safety-net clinics, HPV initiation rates paralleled 2008 national rates. The correlation of HPV initiation with other adolescent vaccines underscores the importance of reviewing vaccination status at every health care visit. HPV vaccine uptake in safety-net clinics should continue to be monitored to understand impact on cervical cancer disparities. PMID: 22108490 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5441686 Sat, 19 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5441686 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5441694&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22107846%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: van der Sluijs MT, Schroer-Joosten DP, Fid-Fourkour A, Vrijenhoek MP, Debyser I, Gregg DA, Dufe DM, Moulin V, Moormann RJ, de Smit AJ Abstract The effect of vaccination with a commercial inactivated Bluetongue virus serotype 8 (BTV-8) vaccine on the ability of BTV-8 to cross the ruminant placenta was investigated in two experiments. Ten pregnant ewes (Experiment 1) or heifers (Experiment 2) were vaccinated according to the manufacturer's instructions. Three weeks after the completion of the vaccination schedule, all vaccinated animals were infected with BTV-8 together with ten non-vaccinated pregnant animals that served as challenged controls. Four additional pregnant animals received a mock challenge at the same time point. Three weeks after the challenge, the foetuses we... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5441694 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5441694 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5441692&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22107848%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhu D, Huang S, McClellan H, Dai W, Syed NR, Gebregeorgis E, Mullen GE, Long C, Martin LB, Narum D, Duffy P, Miller LH, Saul A Abstract Efficient antigen extraction from vaccines formulated on aluminum hydroxide gels is a critical step for the evaluation of the quality of vaccines following formulation. It has been shown in our laboratory that the efficiency of antigen extraction from vaccines formulated on Alhydrogel decreased significantly with increased storage time. To increase antigen extraction efficiency, the present study determined the effect of surfactants on antigen recovery from vaccine formulations. The Plasmodium falciparum apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1) formulated on Alhydrogel and stored at 2-8°C for 3 years was used as a model in this study. The AMA1 on... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5441692 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5441692 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5441691&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22107849%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: van Kessel G, Geels MJ, de Weerd S, Buijs LJ, de Bruijni MA, Glansbeek HL, van den Bosch JF, Heldens JG, van den Heuvel ER Abstract Infection with human influenza virus leads to serious respiratory disease. Vaccination is the most common and effective prophylactic measure to prevent influenza. Influenza vaccine manufacturing and release is controlled by the correct determination of the potency-defining haemagglutinin (HA) content. This determination is historically done by single radial immunodiffusion (SRID), which utilizes a statistical slope-ratio model to estimate the actual HA content. In this paper we describe the development and qualification of a parallel line model for analysis of HA quantification by SRID in cell culture-derived whole virus final monovalent and t... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5441691 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5441691 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5441690&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22107850%26dopt%3DAbstract This study suggests that MenACWY-TT vaccine could be co-administered with HepA/B without adversely impacting the immunogenicity, safety and reactogenicity of either of the vaccines. PMID: 22107850 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5441690 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5441690 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5441689&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22107851%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chen JW, Faisal SM, Chandra S, McDonough SP, Moreira MA, Scaria J, Chang CF, Bannantine JP, Akey B, Chang YF Abstract Johne's disease (JD), caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), results in serious economic losses worldwide especially in cattle, sheep and goats. To control the impact of JD on the animal industry, an effective vaccine with minimal adverse effects is urgently required. In order to develop an effective vaccine, we used allelic exchange to construct three mutant MAP strains, leuD, mpt64 and secA2. The mutants were attenuated in a murine model and induced cytokine responses in J774A.1 cell. The leuD mutant was the most obviously attenuated of the three constructed mutant strains. Our preliminary vaccine trial in mice demonstrated different... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5441689 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5441689 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5441688&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22107852%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Quan FS, Compans RW, Kang SM Abstract Oral vaccination would provide an easy and safe measure to prevent infectious diseases by facilitating mass immunization. We investigated the feasibility of oral vaccination with inactivated whole influenza virus (A/PR8/34). Oral vaccination of mice induced high levels of serum IgG and IgA antibodies specific to the homologous virus (A/PR8) as well as cross reactive to heterologous (A/California/04/09) and heterosubtypic viruses (A/Philippines/2/82). IgG1 isotype antibodies were found to be induced at significantly higher levels than IgG2a antibodies. These antibodies induced by oral vaccination exhibited hemagglutination inhibition activities. High levels of both IgG and IgA antibodies were induced in vagina and lungs. Mucosal IgA ant... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5441688 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5441688 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5441708&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22100635%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Poljak A, Comstedt P, Hanner M, Schüler W, Meinke A, Wizel B, Lundberg U Abstract The three Borrelia species, Borrelia afzelii, Borrelia burgdorferi and Borrelia garinii are the main species causing the most common tick-borne zoonosis, Lyme borreliosis. By applying a genomic approach relying on human antibodies we have identified 122 antigenic Borrelia proteins associated with Lyme borreliosis, including already known and published protective antigens. The heterogeneity of the Borrelia species causing Lyme borreliosis makes the search for conserved antigens providing broad protection challenging. Using several in vitro assays we narrowed down the selection to 15 vaccine candidates. These antigens were further analyzed for antigenicity and cross-reactivity using sera from ... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5441708 Thu, 17 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5441708 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5441707&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22100636%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Castilla J, Martínez-Artola V, Salcedo E, Martínez-Baz I, Cenoz MG, Guevara M, Alvarez N, Irisarri F, Morán J, Barricarte A, Abstract We evaluated the 2010-2011 seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness in preventing hospitalizations. Using healthcare databases we defined the target population for vaccination in Navarre, Spain, consisting of 217,320 people with major chronic conditions or aged 60 years and older. All hospitalized patients with influenza-like illness (ILI) were swabbed for influenza testing. A total of 269 patients with ILI were hospitalized and 61 of them were found positive for influenza virus: 58 for A(H1N1)2009 and 3 for B virus. The incidence rates of hospitalization with laboratory-confirmed influenza were compared by vaccination status. In the Cox... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5441707 Thu, 17 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5441707 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5441706&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22100637%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kis EE, Winter G, Myschik J Abstract New insights in vaccine development, the need for safe, economic and efficient vaccine administration and the increasing mechanistic knowledge of immune responses induced by targeting the intradermal layers of the skin have all driven the engineering of devices for intradermal vaccination. In this review we highlight different delivery devices that make the epidermal and dermal layers of the skin accessible for vaccine administration. Depending on the device the desired vaccine can be applied either as a liquid formulation or as solid, powdered vaccine particles. The process of intradermal injection employs micron-sized needles that are inserted 1.5mm perpendicularly into the skin, and which inject approximately 100-200μl of a liquid v... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5441706 Thu, 17 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5441706 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5441705&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22100638%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fredriksen BN, Grip J Abstract Novel vaccine delivery systems are highly needed to improve the salmon aquaculture industry. Although particles of biocompatible polymers such as poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) have long been considered promising candidates for delivery of immunogenic compounds, few studies have addressed their use as vaccine carriers in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Investigating their ability to retain/depot antigen and induce time and dosage dependent adaptive humoral responses to immunization, we here present a basic study of the adjuvantic properties PLGA and PLA particles may have in salmon vaccines. A model antigen (human gamma globulin, HGG) was co-encapsulated with β-glucan in nanoparticles (<1000nm) and microparticles (∼8μm) of diff... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5441705 Thu, 17 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5441705 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5441704&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22100884%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ahmad TA, El-Sayed LH, Haroun MA, Hussein AA, El Ashry ES Abstract Klebsiella pneumoniae is the most common cause of nosocomial respiratory tract and premature intensive care infections, and the second most frequent cause of Gram-negative bacteraemia and urinary tract infections. Drug resistant isolates remain an important hospital-acquired bacterial pathogen, add significantly to hospital stays, and are especially problematic in high impact medical areas such as intensive care units. Many investigations worldwide proved the increasing resistance of such pathogen, resulting in an average rate of 1.63 outbreak every year. A variety of preventive measures were applied to reduce such incidences. Immunotherapy and passive immunization researches as well found their way to the ... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5441704 Wed, 16 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5441704 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5441703&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22100885%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Arévalo-Pinzón G, Curtidor H, Muñoz M, Patarroyo MA, Bermudez A, Patarroyo ME Abstract Identifying the ligands or regions derived from them which parasites use to invade their target cells has proved to be an excellent strategy for identifying targets for vaccine development. Members of the reticulocyte-binding homologue family (PfRH), including RH5, have been implicated in invasion as adhesins binding to specific receptors on erythrocyte surface. The regions mediating PfRH5-RBC specific interactions have been identified here by fine mapping the whole PfRH5 protein sequence. These regions, called high activity binding peptides (HABPs), bind to a receptor which is sensitive to trypsin treatment and inhibit merozoite invasion of RBCs by up to 80%, as has been found for HA... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5441703 Wed, 16 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5441703 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5441702&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22100886%26dopt%3DAbstract This article reviews the clinical studies to date on intradermal fractional dose polio vaccination. We conclude that intradermal IPV vaccination shows potential as a means to reduce the cost and increase the ease of administration of IPV, but that additional research is needed to determine the optimal fractional dose, timing, and role of adjuvants in intradermal IPV vaccination as well as the clinical significance of different antibody titers above the threshold for seroconversion. PMID: 22100886 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5441702 Wed, 16 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5441702 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5441701&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22100887%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wood JM, Major D, Heath A, Newman RW, Höschler K, Stephenson I, Clark T, Katz JM, Zambon MC Abstract Haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) and virus neutralisation (VN) assays are used to evaluate immunogenicity of pandemic H1N1 vaccines; however these bioassays are poorly standardised leading to inter-laboratory variation. A candidate International Standard (IS) for antibody to H1N1pdm virus (09/194) was prepared from pooled sera of subjects who had either recovered from H1N1pdm infection or who had been immunised with an adjuvanted subunit vaccine prepared from reassortant virus NYMC X-179A (derived from A/California/7/2009 virus). Ten laboratories from seven countries tested the candidate IS, 09/194 and a panel of human sera by HI and VN using the A/California/7/2009 virus... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5441701 Wed, 16 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5441701 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5441700&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22100888%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Linhart B, Valenta R Abstract Hundred years ago therapeutic vaccination with allergen-containing extracts has been introduced as a clinically effective, disease-modifying, allergen-specific and long-lasting form of therapy for allergy, a hypersensitivity disease affecting more than 25% of the population. Today, the structures of most of the disease-causing allergens have been elucidated and recombinant hypoallergenic allergen derivatives with reduced allergenic activity have been engineered to reduce side effects during allergen-specific immunotherapy (SIT). These recombinant hypoallergens have been characterized in vitro, in experimental animal models and in clinical trials in allergic patients. This review provides a summary of the molecular, immunological and preclinica... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5441700 Wed, 16 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5441700 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5441699&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22100889%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Asanuma H, Zamri NB, Sekine SI, Fukuyama Y, Tokuhara D, Gilbert RS, Fukuiwa T, Sata T, Tashiro M, Fujihashi K Abstract Since a combination of flt3 ligand plasmid (pFL) and CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN)(3) as a dendritic cell (DC)-targeting double mucosal adjuvant elicited ovalbumin-specific secretory IgA (S-IgA) antibody (Ab) responses, we examined whether this double adjuvant could induce influenza-specific protective immunity in aged mice. A double adjuvant plus A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (PR8)-hemagglutinin (HA) induced increased numbers of CD11b(+) CD11c(+) DCs and both CD4(+) Th1- and Th2-type responses in the nasopharyngeal-associated lymphoreticular tissue, nasal passages and cervical lymph nodes. Further, increased levels of PR8-HA-specific S-IgA Ab responses were detect... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5441699 Wed, 16 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5441699 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5441698&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22100890%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hermanson G, Chun S, Felgner J, Tan X, Pablo J, Nakajima-Sasaki R, Molina DM, Felgner PL, Liang X, Davies DH Abstract Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) is an attenuated strain of vaccinia virus that is being considered as a safer alternative to replicating vaccinia vaccine strains such as Dryvax(®) and ACAM2000. Its excellent safety profile and large genome also make it an attractive vector for the delivery of heterologous genes from other pathogens. MVA was attenuated by prolonged passage through chick embryonic fibroblasts in vitro. In human and most mammalian cells, production of infectious progeny is aborted in the late stage of infection. Despite this, MVA provides high-level gene expression and is immunogenic in humans and other animals. A key issue for vaccine d... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5441698 Wed, 16 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5441698 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5441697&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22100891%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Koff WC Abstract Recent advances in HIV vaccine development have created a renaissance in the search for a safe and effective HIV vaccine. These advances include the first demonstration in human clinical trials of a vaccine candidate that provided modest levels of protection from HIV infection; a series of candidates entering into clinical trials with an improved profile of protection against SIV in non-human primate studies, and the identification from HIV infected individuals of new broad and potent monoclonal antibodies against HIV that target conserved, vulnerable regions of the HIV envelope glycoprotein spike. The major challenge for successful HIV vaccine development rests on overcoming the unprecedented hyper-variability of HIV, which likely will require induction o... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5441697 Wed, 16 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5441697 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5441696&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22100892%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Horácio AN, Diamantino-Miranda J, Aguiar SI, Ramirez M, Melo-Cristino J, Abstract We determined the serotype and antimicrobial susceptibility of 1100 isolates responsible for adult invasive pneumococcal infections (IPD) in Portugal between 2006 and 2008. Serotypes 3 (13%), 1 (12%), 7F (11%), 19A (10%) and 14 (7%) were the most frequent causes of IPD and the two later serotypes accounted for the majority of erythromycin and penicillin nonsusceptible isolates. Serotype 1 was associated with younger adults whereas serotype 3 was associated with older adults. Despite the availability of the 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) in Portugal since 1996, the proportion of PPV23 preventable IPD remained stable and above 80%. Comparing with previous data from Portugal, we show... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5441696 Wed, 16 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5441696 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5441695&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22100893%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of this study, conducted within the I-MOVE project, was to estimate pandemic VE against laboratory confirmed cases in two Italian regions using the screening method. We calculated vaccine coverage using the number of first doses of pandemic vaccine administered and demographic data. A case was defined as a patient who was swabbed from week 44 of 2009 to week 3 of 2010 and who tested positive for A/H1N1v using RT-PCR. A case was considered vaccinated against influenza A/H1N1v if she/he had received one dose of the vaccine more than 14 days before swabbing. We used Farrington's method to build the confidence intervals. We included in the analysis 755 confirmed A/H1N1v cases. The median age of cases was 24 years (range 0-89). One case (0.1%) had received one dose of vaccine more... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5441695 Wed, 16 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5441695 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5381978&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21996099%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pallikkuth S, Rogers K, Villinger F, Dosterii M, Vaccari M, Franchini G, Pahwa R, Pahwa S Abstract We have previously shown that interleukin-21, a pleiotropic C γ-chain signaling cytokine, induces the expression of the cytotoxic molecules granzyme B (GrB) and perforin in vitro in CD8 T cells and NK cells of chronically HIV infected individuals. In this pilot study, four chronically SIV infected rhesus macaques (RM) in late-stage disease were given two doses of recombinant MamuIL-21, 50μg/kg, intravenously 7 days apart, followed by one subcutaneous dose, 100μg/kg, 23 days after the second dose. Three animals served as controls. After each dose of IL-21, increases were noted in frequency and mean fluorescence intensity of GrB and perforin expression in memory and effector... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5381978 Mon, 07 Nov 2011 10:39:52 +0100 5381978 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5381977&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22001119%26dopt%3DAbstract This report describes the generation of a new recombinant Orf virus (ORFV; Parapoxvirus) expressing the major capsid protein VP1 (VP60) of the calicivirus, rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV). Authentic expression of VP1 could be demonstrated in cells infected with the recombinant D1701-V-VP1 without the need for production of infectious ORFV progeny. Notably, infected cells also released empty calicivirus-like particles (VLPs). Challenge experiments showed that even a single immunization with ≥10(5) PFU of D1701-V-VP1 protected rabbits against lethal RHDV infection. ELISA tests indicated that the protective immunity mediated by D1701-V-VP1 did not strictly depend on the presence of detectable RHDV-specific serum antibodies. The induction of interleukin-2 found only in the sera of ra... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5381977 Mon, 07 Nov 2011 10:39:40 +0100 5381977 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5381975&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22001280%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kendall BA, Dascomb KK, Mehta RR, Mason EO, Ampofo K, Pombo DJ, Pavia AT, Byington CL Abstract While heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) has decreased vaccine type invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) nationwide, rapid serotype replacement and increasing parapneumonic empyema, has been reported in Utah children. The effect of pediatric vaccination on adults in this population is unknown. We identified 117 adults with IPD from the Intermountain Healthcare Central Laboratory between November 2009 and October 2010. We serotyped 61 (52%) stored isolates. We compared the serotype distribution of adult IPD isolates with that of pediatric isolates collected in 2009-2010. PCV7 serotypes were rare in adults (3%) and children (3%). Emerging 13-valent PCV serotypes 3, 7F,... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5381975 Mon, 07 Nov 2011 10:39:17 +0100 5381975 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5381973&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22001878%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, a preparation of saponins (QB-90U) extracted from leaves of Quillaja brasiliensis collected in Uruguay was evaluated as a vaccine adjuvant by comparison with alum and the well known saponin-based adjuvant, Quil A. The haemolytic activity and cellular toxicity of the saponin preparations were also evaluated. QB-90U was only slightly haemolytic and showed a low cytotoxicity when compared to Quil A. The adjuvant properties of QB-90U were assayed by sub-cutaneous immunization of mice with a preparation of inactivated bovine herpesvirus 5 (BoHV-5) either with no adjuvant or adjuvanted with QB-90U, Quil A or alum. Serum levels of anti-BoHV-5 IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b and also IgG3 were significantly increased by QB-90U and were of the same order as those elicited by Quil A. Furtherm... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5381973 Mon, 07 Nov 2011 10:38:53 +0100 5381973 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5381972&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22001880%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, ArtinM presents stronger immunostimulatory and adjuvant effect than Jacalin in immunization of mice against neosporosis, by inducing a protective Th1-biased pro-inflammatory immune response and higher protection after parasite challenge. PMID: 22001880 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5381972 Mon, 07 Nov 2011 10:38:42 +0100 5381972 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5381971&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22001885%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: A significant positive association between the seasonal influenza vaccine and lab confirmed pH1N1 was observed after considering multiple confounders and using different methods for confounder adjustment. This was not likely explained by an unmeasured confounder given the prevalence and strength of association needed to result in a non-significant association. PMID: 22001885 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5381971 Mon, 07 Nov 2011 10:38:30 +0100 5381971 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5381925&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22051135%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jacobsen SJ, Poland GA PMID: 22051135 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5381925 Mon, 31 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5381925 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5381924&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22051136%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we tested whether the FlaB protein could serve as an effective mucosal adjuvant for an inactivated trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) manufactured for humans; in a murine vaccination model, this vaccine consists of A/Brisbane/59/07 (H1N1 subtype), A/Uruguay/716/07 (H3N2 subtype), and B/Florida/4/06 (B type). Intranasal co-administration of the TIV with FlaB induced prominent humoral responses as demonstrated by high influenza-specific IgA levels in both the mucosal secretions and serum and significant specific IgG induction in the systemic compartment. The FlaB protein significantly potentiated influenza-specific cytokine production by draining lymph node cells and splenocytes. The FlaB mucosal adjuvant conferred excellent protection against a lethal challenge with a live vir... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5381924 Mon, 31 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5381924 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5381930&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22044739%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: Revaccinating patients undergoing hemodialysis who do not respond to a primary vaccine series substantially increases the pool of protected patients. The threshold for defining hepatitis B vaccine-induced immunity should be revisited in this patient population to maximize the duration of protection. PMID: 22044739 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5381930 Sat, 29 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5381930 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5381929&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22044740%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Study findings provide a useful risk profile of vulnerable groups in Los Angeles County, which may be generalizable to other urban jurisdictions in the United States. They also describe real world situations that can be used to forecast potential challenges that vaccine beliefs may pose to national as well as local influenza pandemic planning and response, especially for communities with limited access to these preventive services. PMID: 22044740 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5381929 Sat, 29 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5381929 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5381928&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22044741%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhao X, Fan Y, Wang D, Hu Y, Guo L, Ruan S, Zhang J, Yuan J Abstract The aim of this study is to investigate whether the activity of inducing immune response of glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) could be enhanced after GA was encapsulated with liposome. Three hundred and fifty 14-day-old chickens were randomly assigned to 7 groups and vaccinated with Newcastle disease (ND) vaccine. Simultaneously, the chickens in experimental groups were injected with the glycyrrhetinic acid liposome (GAL) at three doses, GA and blank liposome, respectively. The activity of serum antibody titer, concentrations of immunoglobulins G (IgG) and immunoglobulins M (IgM), lymphocytes proliferation, the number of lymphocyte subpopulations (CD4(+) and CD8(+)) was determined after vaccination. GAL was evalua... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5381928 Sat, 29 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5381928 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5381927&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22044742%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, a conformationally biased, response-selective agonist of human C5a, known as EP67, was used to induce host innate immunity as a therapeutic method of reducing CA-MRSA infections. Using a murine model of dermonecrosis we show that EP67 treatment effectively limits CA-MRSA infection by promoting cytokine synthesis and neutrophil influx. In contrast, EP67 was ineffective in reducing lesion formation in C5a receptor (CD88(-/-)) knockout mice, indicating that EP67 activates host innate immunity by engagement of CD88 bearing cells. These results suggest that EP67 may serve as a novel immunotherapeutic for prevention and treatment of CA-MRSA dermal infection. PMID: 22044742 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5381927 Sat, 29 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5381927 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5381926&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22044743%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, the genetic differences between A20 and SA2 ILTV were examined by performing complete genome sequencing and comparative analysis. The genome sequences were also compared to a reference sequence from another CEO ILTV vaccine (Serva ILTV: GenBank accession number HQ_630064) of European-origin. Additional in ovo studies to assess cell to cell spread were performed in order to allow further comparisons of the pathogenicity of SA2 and A20 ILTV. The sequencing results showed that the genome sizes of SA2 and A20 ILTV were 152,975 and 152,978bp, respectively, while Serva ILTV had a genome size of 152,630bp. The genomes of SA2 and A20 ILTV shared 99.9% nucleotide sequence identity with each other, but only 99.2% identity with Serva ILTV. In complete genome alignments between SA2 and ... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5381926 Sat, 29 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5381926 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5381936&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22041300%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kachko A, Kochneva G, Sivolobova G, Grazhdantseva A, Lupan T, Zubkova I, Wells F, Merchlinsky M, Williams O, Watanabe H, Ivanova A, Shvalov A, Loktev V, Netesov S, Major ME Abstract One of the greatest challenges to HCV vaccine development is the induction of effective immune responses using recombinant proteins or vectors. In order to better understand which vaccine-induced antibodies contribute to neutralization of HCV the quality of polyclonal anti-E1E2 antibody responses in immunized mice and chimpanzees was assessed at the level of epitope recognition using peptide scanning and neutralization of chimeric 1a/2a, 1b/2a and 2a HCVcc after blocking or affinity elution of specific antibodies. Mice and chimpanzees were immunized with genotype 1a (H77) HCV gpE1E2; all sample... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5381936 Fri, 28 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5381936 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5381935&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22041301%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Exley C PMID: 22041301 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5381935 Fri, 28 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5381935 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5381934&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22041302%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Stromberg SP, Antia R Abstract Two medical interventions allow us to combat infectious diseases: vaccination which can be administered well in advance of exposure, and antimicrobials which are most often administered contemporaneously with exposure. In this paper we show how they can, in principle, be combined - with infection followed by treatment being used as a form of vaccination. We use mathematical models to examine how appropriately administered antimicrobial treatment following natural infection can be used to reduce the pathology caused by the infection, and also generate long-lasting immunological memory to the pathogen. The models explore the tradeoff between reduction in pathology and strength of immunization. This tradeoff suggests a limited treatment window d... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5381934 Fri, 28 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5381934 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5381933&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22041303%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Schodel F PMID: 22041303 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5381933 Fri, 28 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5381933 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5381932&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22041304%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kaposy C Abstract In 2009, the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) provided guidelines about which groups should be given first access to the H1N1 influenza vaccine. These guidelines recommended that people under 65 with chronic health conditions should be among the first groups to receive the H1N1 influenza vaccine. Severe obesity was among the relevant chronic health conditions identified by PHAC. Since health care is under the jurisdiction of the ten Canadian provinces, the provinces were not required to follow these recommendations in their respective mass vaccination campaigns. Only one province (Manitoba) followed the PHAC recommendations with respect to severe obesity. Four provinces did not offer early vaccination to this group. Other provinces listed severe obes... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5381932 Fri, 28 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5381932 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5381931&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22041305%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, dissociation of CD4(+) T cell preservation with viral loads was observed in the animals vaccinated with adjuvants. Significantly higher levels of memory CD4(+) T cell numbers were preserved after SIVmac251 infection in the colons of the animals vaccinated with vaccine containing any of these adjuvants compared to no adjuvant. When we measured the viral-specific CD8(+) tetramer responses in the colon lamina propria, we found significantly higher levels of gag, tat, and pol epitope tetramer(+) T cell responses in these animals compared to ones without adjuvant, even if some of the animals had similarly high viral loads. Furthermore, this CD4(+) T preservation was positively correlated with increased levels of gag and Tat, but not pol tetramer(+) T cell responses, and inversely... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5381931 Fri, 28 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5381931 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5381937&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22037204%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bialuk I, Whitney S, Andresen V, Florese RH, Nacsa J, Cecchinato V, Valeri VW, Heraud JM, Gordon S, Parks RW, Montefiori DC, Venzon D, Demberg T, Guroff MR, Landucci G, Forthal DN, Franchini G Abstract The role of antibodies directed against the hyper variable envelope region V1 of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), has not been thoroughly studied. We show that a vaccine able to elicit strain-specific non-neutralizing antibodies to this region of gp120 is associated with control of highly pathogenic chimeric SHIV(89.6P) replication in rhesus macaques. The vaccinated animal that had the highest titers of antibodies to the amino terminus portion of V1, prior to challenge, had secondary antibody responses that mediated cell killing by antibody-dependent cellular cyt... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5381937 Thu, 27 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5381937 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5381939&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22036886%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Financial and systems barriers hamper the optimal use of community settings to effectively deliver influenza vaccines. Public health partners at the federal, state, and local levels are well-positioned to facilitate the engagement of all stakeholders in this important and complex vaccine delivery system. PMID: 22036886 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5381939 Tue, 25 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5381939