MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Vaccine' source. Sat, 20 Mar 2010 13:39:58 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3338517&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20199766%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Poland GA, Spier R PMID: 20199766 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3338517 Sat, 06 Mar 2010 19:12:06 +0100 3338517 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3338527&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20199756%26dopt%3DAbstract This study introduced food/medicine vouchers as an incentive to mothers of infants visiting Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) centers in a low socio-economic area. The timely completion of diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis vaccines combined (DTP) series immunization rate between intervention and control cohorts were compared. The DTP up-to-date immunization coverage at 18 weeks of age increased two-fold (RR 2.20, 95% CI: 1.95-2.48, p<0.001) in the incentive cohort compared to the no-incentive cohort. While increasing immunization coverage is a complex structural and behavioral process, food/medicine may improve routine immunization coverage in developing countries. PMID: 20199756 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3338527 Sun, 28 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3338527 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3338526&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20199757%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Influenza vaccination rate in Canadian youths is low. Judgement values on its necessity are a major factor in the decision to receive influenza vaccination. Strategies to involve youths in influenza vaccination programs and campaigns will be essential to achieve better national coverage. PMID: 20199757 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3338526 Sun, 28 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3338526 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3338525&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20199758%26dopt%3DAbstract DISCUSSION: Low levels of knowledge and understanding about HPV vaccination among adolescents and parents have implications for adolescents' future health practices, including sexual risk behaviour, condom usage, and cervical screening. Reasons for the low levels of knowledge are explored, as are implications for school-based educational interventions. PMID: 20199758 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3338525 Sun, 28 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3338525 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3338524&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20199759%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Srifeungfung S, Tribuddharat C, Comerungsee S, Chatsuwan T, Treerauthanaweeraphong V, Rungnobhakhun P, Nunthapisud P, Chokephaibulkit K The serotype of 172 S. pneumoniae isolates obtained from normally sterile sites from January 2006 to February 2009 in Thai patients was evaluated. The most common serotypes were 6B, 23F, 14, 19F, and 19A in patients <5 year-old, and 6B, 19A, 23F, 4, 9V in patients >65-year old. Seven-valent pneumococcal conjugated vaccine (PCV-7) covered 70.3%, 43.6%, and 43.5% of patients <5, 5-64 and >/=65 years of age, respectively, while PCV-13 covered 81.2%, 59.7%, and 60.9%, respectively. PCV-9, PCV-10, PCV-11 had very similar coverage as PCV-7. The antibiotic susceptibility rates of the isolates from sterile sites were 88.7-95.7% for penicil... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3338524 Sun, 28 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3338524 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3338523&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20199760%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Verminnen K, Beeckman DS, Sanders NN, De Smedt S, Vanrompay DC We have demonstrated that vaccination of turkeys with a unformulated DNA vaccine induces significant protection against Chlamydophila (Cp.) psittaci infections. Nevertheless, the immunogenicity of the DNA vaccine can still be improved by increasing translation and transfection efficiency. Therefore, the ompA codon was adapted to the codon usage in birds, resulting in pcDNA1/MOMP(opt). To increase gene transfer, polyplexes of pcDNA1/MOMP(opt)-EGFP with different cationic polymers, such as linear and branched polyethyleneimine (lPEI and brPEI) and starburst PAMAM dendrimers, and lipoplexes with cationic DOTAP/DOPE liposomes were created. Transfection of lPEI and brPEI polyplexes with an N/P ratio of 8 resulted in the... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3338523 Sun, 28 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3338523 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3338522&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20199761%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fowler VL, Knowles NJ, Paton DJ, Barnett PV Previous work in cattle and pigs demonstrated that protection against foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) could be achieved following vaccination with chimeric foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) vaccines, in which the VP1 G-H loop had been substituted with that from another serotype. This indicated that the VP1 G-H loop may not be essential for the protection of natural hosts against FMDV. If this could be substantiated there would be potential to develop FMD marker vaccines, characterised by the absence of this region. Here, we investigate the serological responses to vaccination with a virus with a partial VP1 G-H loop deletion in order to determine the likelihood of achieving protection and the potential of this virus as a marker vaccin... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3338522 Sun, 28 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3338522 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3338521&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20199762%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Noh SM, Zhuang Y, Futse JE, Brown WC, Brayton KA, Palmer GH Many vector-borne pathogens evade clearance via rapid variation in their immunogenic surface expressed proteins. This is exemplified by Anaplasma marginale, a tick-borne bacterial pathogen that generates major surface protein 2 (Msp2) variants to provide for immune escape and allow long-term pathogen persistence. In contrast to persistence following infection, immunization with a surface protein complex, which includes Msp2, induces a response that prevents infection upon challenge. We hypothesized that the immune response induced by immunization altered the anti-Msp2 antibody repertoire as compared to that induced during infection, shifting the immune response toward conserved and thus broadly protective epitopes. Th... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3338521 Sun, 28 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3338521 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3338520&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20199763%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of this study was to examine the potential impact of 1-dose versus 2-dose varicella vaccination programs on varicella and zoster incidence, using Canada as an example. We developed a deterministic realistic age-structured model that fits 1- and 2-dose vaccine efficacy, varicella force of infection and zoster incidence. Assuming 90% coverage, the base case model (range: min; max) predicts that 1-dose vaccination will reduce varicella and zoster cases by 64% (14%; 96%) and 5% (-2%; 22%), respectively, over 80-years. Adding a second dose is predicted to reduce varicella and zoster by an additional 22% (0%; 82%) and 6% (0%; 14%), respectively. Most varicella cases prevented by the second dose are breakthrough infections. Although the incremental effectiveness of adding the second... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3338520 Sun, 28 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3338520 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3338519&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20199764%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Russell FM, Licciardi PV, Balloch A, Biaukula V, Tikoduadua L, Carapetis JR, Nelson J, Jenney AW, Waqatakirewa L, Colquhoun S, Cheung YB, Tang ML, Mulholland EK Fijian infants aged 6 weeks were stratified by ethnicity and randomized to receive 0, 1, 2, or 3 PCV-7 doses with or without the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV-23) at 12 months. Strong booster effects for all 7 PCV-7 serotypes were elicited, and for 4/7 serotypes these responses were highest in the single PCV-7 group. There were fourfold rises in GMC for all non-PCV-7 serotypes. By 17 months the PPV-23 group still had significantly higher GMC (each p<0.001) for all serotypes. The PPV-23 was well tolerated and induced excellent responses for all serotypes which were greatest in the single PCV-7 gr... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3338519 Sun, 28 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3338519 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3338518&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20199765%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jongwutiwes S, Putaporntip C, Hughes AL A number of cell surface antigens of the infective stages of malaria parasites (genus Plasmodium) have been proposed as vaccine candidates, but high levels of polymorphism at the loci encoding these antigens are problematic for vaccine effectiveness. In order to test for the effects of anti-malarial control measures (including drugs and vector control) on polymorphism at antigen-encoding loci, we analyzed sequences of four antigen-encoding loci from P. vivax and two from P. falciparum collected in 2006-2007 from two areas of Thailand: (1) the NW, where malaria cases have remained high until recently; and (2) the South, where control measures have caused a dramatic decline in numbers of cases since 1990. Polymorphism in non-repeat regions... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3338518 Sun, 28 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3338518 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3331788&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20197131%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examines health care personnel's knowledge of West Nile virus (WNv) and attitudes towards a proposed chimeric yellow fever/WNv vaccine within the province of Saskatchewan. Telephone and in-person interviews with medical health officers and public health nurses provided information with which to assess the acceptability of implementing vaccination as a component for prevention of WNv within the province with the highest number of WNv cases to date in western Canada. The majority of health care professionals felt confident in the potential efficacy of vaccination for prevention of WNv but suggested that targeted vaccination programs could be most effective. PMID: 20197131 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3331788 Sat, 27 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3331788 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3331787&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20197132%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yamanaka H, Hoyt T, Yang X, Bowen R, Golden S, Crist K, Becker T, Maddaloni M, Pascual DW The chemokine, lymphotactin (LTN), was tested as a molecular adjuvant using bicistronic DNA vaccines encoding the protective Yersinia capsular (F1) antigen and virulence antigen (V-Ag) as a F1-V fusion protein. The LTN-encoding F1-V or V-Ag vaccines were given by the intranasal (i.n.) or intramuscular (i.m.) routes, and although serum IgG and mucosal IgA antibodies (Abs) were induced, F1-Ag boosts were required for robust anti-F1-Ag Abs. Optimal efficacy against pneumonic plague was obtained in mice i.m.-, not i.n.-immunized with these DNA vaccines. These vaccines stimulated elevated Ag-specific Ab-forming cells and mixed Th cell responses, with Th17 cells markedly enhanced by i.m. immuni... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3331787 Sat, 27 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3331787 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3331786&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20197133%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wang D, Xu J, Feng Y, Liu Y, McHenga SS, Shan F, Sasaki JI, Lu C Tuberculosis is one of the leading causes of mortality from an infectious disease worldwide, however, the efficacy of BCG vaccine against adult pulmonary tuberculosis still remains instability. Therefore, it is an urgent work to develop both safe and effective vaccine to TB. To clarify the liposome encapsulated DNA vaccine was effectively working as a vaccine delivery system to evoke mucosal intestinal immune responses. A Mycobacterium pcDNA3.1(+)/Ag85A DNA was constructed and encapsulated into liposome. Ag85A protein antigen was observed to substantially express in the epithelium, microfold cells (M cells), dendritic cells (DCs) and Peyer's patches (pp) of the small intestine, respectively, after oral administra... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3331786 Sat, 27 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3331786 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3331785&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20197134%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Morera Y, Bequet-Romero M, Ayala M, Velazco JC, Pérez PP, Alba JS, Ancizar J, Rodríguez M, Cosme K, Gavilondo JV We have developed a cancer vaccine candidate (hereafter denominated CIGB-247), based on recombinant modified human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as antigen, and the adjuvant VSSP (very small sized proteoliposomes of Neisseria meningitidis outer membrane). In mice, previous work of our group had shown that vaccination with CIGB-247 extended tumor-take time, slowed tumor growth, and increased animal survival. Immunization elicited anti-human and murine VEGF-neutralizing antibodies, and spleen cells of vaccinated mice are cytotoxic in vitro to tumor cells that produce VEGF. We have now tested the immunogenicity of CIGB-247 in Wistar rats, New Zeal... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3331785 Sat, 27 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3331785 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3331784&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20197135%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: He C, Wang H, Wei H, Yan Y, Zhao T, Hu X, Luo P, Wang L, Yu Y To distinguish the antibodies induced by Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) infection from those induced by vaccination, a recombinant N-terminal truncated FMDV non-structural protein (NSP) of 3AB, designated as r3aB, was constructed by deleting 80 amino acids displayed about 30% homology to transposase IS4 family protein of Escherichia coli, expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) and then purified. The r3aB was majorly expressed in soluble fraction and presented as homogeneous monomers after purification. Using r3aB as coating antigen, an indirect ELISA was established to specifically identify antibodies induced by FMDV infection but not those induced by vaccination. Compared with 3AB, r3aB was more specific to catch ant... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3331784 Sat, 27 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3331784 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3331783&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20197136%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chen W, Kuolee R, Yan H 3', 5'-Cyclic diguanylic acid (c-di-GMP) is a bacterial intracellular signaling molecule that plays a crucial role in the regulation of bacterial motility, adhesion, cell-to-cell communication, exopolysaccharide synthesis, biofilm formation and virulence. The recent finding that c-di-GMP can act as a danger signal on eukaryotic cells has prompted the study of the immunostimulatory and immunomodulatory properties of c-di-GMP in an effort to determine whether c-di-GMP might be further developed as a potential vaccine adjuvant. In this review, we discussed the recent in vitro and in vivo studies of the immunostimulatory properties of c-di-GMP and the progress that has been made in the preclinical development of c-di-GMP as a potential vaccine adjuvant for ... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3331783 Sat, 27 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3331783 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3331782&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20197137%26dopt%3DAbstract This study reports potent and long-lasting diphtheria toxoid-specific immunity by the botanical medicinal, Rehmannia Six Formula, using an in vivo mouse model of vaccine immunity. A significant vaccine adjuvant effect was observed with an increase in serum anti-diphtheria toxoid total and IgG antibodies following oral administration of Rehmannia Six Formula to mice. This response was antigen-specific and was still detectable six months following botanical medicinal treatment, suggesting that Rehmannia Six Formula could help maintain protective antibody levels in populations where vaccine coverage is low. Rehmannia Six Formula was well-tolerated with no adverse effects on mouse weight or survival observed in this study and suggests a potential role as a novel vaccine adjuvant preparation. ... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3331782 Sat, 27 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3331782 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3331781&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20197138%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kavanagh OV, Ajami NJ, Cheng E, Ciarlet M, Guerrero RA, Zeng CQ, Crawford SE, Estes MK Rotavirus nonstructural protein 4 (NSP4) is a protein with pleiotropic properties. It functions in rotavirus morphogenesis, pathogenesis, and is the first described viral enterotoxin. Since many bacterial toxins function as potent mucosal adjuvants, we evaluated whether baculovirus-expressed recombinant simian rotavirus SA11 NSP4 possesses adjuvant activity by co-administering NSP4 with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), tetanus toxoid (TT) or ovalbumin (OVA) as model antigens in mice. Following intranasal immunization, NSP4 significantly enhanced both systemic and mucosal immune responses to model immunogens, as compared to the control group, in an antigen-specific manner. Both full-length an... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3331781 Sat, 27 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3331781 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3331780&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20197139%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we developed a sandwich ELISA to assess the nature of the protein in the emulsion over time (6, 12 and 18 months). Our results showed that the OD(450) values corresponding to vaccine storages were within the 95% confidence interval, indicating that the conformation of the protein in the emulsion stored for up to 18 months at 4 degrees C was unchanged. Furthermore, no protein degradation was detected by Coomassie blue, silver staining, and Western blot analysis for samples stored at 4 degrees C for up to 2 years. Although some protein aggregation was observed in the emulsion preparations, these aggregates were only a small percentage of the total protein in the sample (7.6%). Moreover, the protein multimers maintained their conformational epitope. The potency assay of the for... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3331780 Sat, 27 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3331780 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3331779&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20197140%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Monteiro SA, Takano OA, Waldman EA We estimated the sensitivity, i.e., the proportion of all cases of adverse events following immunization (AEFIs) reported to the Brazilian passive surveillance for adverse events following immunization (PSAEFI) with the diphtheria-tetanus-whole-cell pertussis-Haemophilus influenzae type b (DTwP/Hib) vaccine, as well as investigating factors associated with AEFIs reporting. During 2003-2004, 8303 AEFIs associated with DTwP-Hib were reported; hypotonic-hyporesponsive episodes (HHEs), fever and convulsions being the most common. Cure without sequel was achieved in 98.4% of the cases. The mean sensitivity of the PSAEFI was 22.3% and 31.6%, respectively, for HHE and convulsions, varying widely among states. Reporting rates correlated positively wi... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3331779 Sat, 27 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3331779 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3331778&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20197141%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: The thoroughness of the evaluation allowed us accounting for all the aspects of HPV infection/diseases. The HTA report on the HPV vaccine demonstrated to be a comprehensive tool for an informed decision making process. PMID: 20197141 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3331778 Sat, 27 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3331778 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3331777&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20197142%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Atchison C, Lopman B, Edmunds WJ Two rotavirus vaccines are currently recommended for inclusion in routine childhood immunization programmes. We developed a deterministic age-structured model of rotavirus transmission and disease to investigate the population-level effects of vaccination in England and Wales. The model explicitly captures the natural history of infection and uses realistic population mixing patterns. The model accurately reproduces the strong seasonal pattern and age distribution of rotavirus disease observed in England and Wales. We predict vaccination will provide both direct and indirect protection within the population. If coverage levels comparable to other childhood vaccines are achieved, we predict that vaccination will reduce rotavirus disease incidenc... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3331777 Sat, 27 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3331777 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3331776&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20197143%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kajikawa A, Igimi S Bacterial flagellins are known as antigens that induce innate immune responses through TLR5 and boost immune responses in combination with other antigens. The aim of the present study was to determine the immunological properties of recombinant Lactobacillus casei producing flagellin and flagellin-fusion antigens in vitro and in vivo. Recombinant lactobacilli expressing Salmonella FliC and FliC fused to truncated SipC on the cell-surface were constructed. Fusion and non-fusion flagellin associated with L. casei retained the ability to induce IL-8 production by Caco-2 cells. Immunization of mice with these recombinant strains induced antigen-specific antibodies and cytokine production. The results showed that the outside epitope of the heterologous antigen w... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3331776 Sat, 27 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3331776 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3331775&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20197144%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Frazão N, Sá-Leão R, de Lencastre H The impact of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) on the pneumococcal flora has been mostly studied without evaluating multiple colonization and the mechanism(s) leading to serotype replacement. These issues are addressed here, while assessing the effect of a single PCV7 dose. A group of children received one PCV7 dose just after nasopharyngeal sampling, with the control receiving no vaccine and both groups being sampled again a month later. Up to 10 pneumococcal isolates were recovered per colonized child-1224 isolates were serotyped and representative ones characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. In vaccinated children, serotype replacement between vaccine (VT) and non-vaccine (NVT) types occurred in... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3331775 Sat, 27 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3331775 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3331774&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20197145%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: BC case definitions are easily applicable in retrospective chart reviews allowing causality assessments with minimal selection bias. PMID: 20197145 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3331774 Sat, 27 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3331774 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3331773&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20197146%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pluhar GE, Grogan PG, Seiler C, Goulart M, Santacruz KS, Carlson C, Chen W, Olin MR, Lowenstein PR, Castro MG, Haines SJ, Ohlfest JR Gene therapy and vaccination have been tested in malignant glioma patients with modest, albeit encouraging results. The combination of these therapies has demonstrated synergistic efficacy in murine models but has not been reported in large animals. Gemistocytic astrocytoma (GemA) is a low-grade glioma that typically progresses to lethal malignancy despite conventional therapies. Until now there has been no useful animal model of GemA. Here we report the treatment of a dog with spontaneous GemA using the combination of surgery, intracavitary adenoviral interferon gamma (IFNgamma) gene transfer, and vaccination with glioma cell lysates mixed with ... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3331773 Sat, 27 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3331773 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3331772&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20197147%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Halm A, Yalcouyé I, Kamissoko M, Keïta T, Modjirom N, Zipursky S, Kartoglu U, Ronveaux O We conducted the first systematic documentation of using oral polio vaccine (OPV) out of the cold chain during national immunization day (NID) campaigns in Mali. Using a crossover intervention design, vaccinators compared the transport of OPV in vaccine carriers with or without ice packs. Vaccine integrity was assured through monitoring vaccine vial monitor (VVM) status. Despite ambient temperatures up to 40 degrees C, none of the VVMs on any of the vials used (n=956) reached their discard point. Over 90% of vaccinators and supervisors preferred conducting NIDs without ice packs. In addition, using OPV out of the cold chain reduced vaccine wastage resulting from melting ice packs... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3331772 Sat, 27 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3331772 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3331791&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20193790%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Scruten E, Kovacs-Nolan J, Griebel PJ, Latimer L, Kindrachuk J, Potter A, Babiuk LA, Hurk SV, Napper S Host defence peptides (HDPs) have a variety of potential therapeutic applications including as vaccine adjuvants energizing efforts for modification strategies to address their toxicity and instability. Here we compare l, d and RI-Bac2A as vaccine adjuvants. d and RI-Bac2A are equally resistant to proteolytic degradation with no increases in toxicity, however, only RI-Bac2A maintains adjuvant activity of the natural peptide through conserved induction of a Th2 immune response. As HDPs potentiate the adjuvant activity of CpG ODNs, the isomers were also evaluated as co-adjuvants. l-Bac2A has no significant co-adjuvant activity while CpG/RI-Bac2A induces antibody titres signific... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3331791 Fri, 26 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3331791 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3331790&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20193791%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Caillet C, Piras F, Bernard MC, de Montfort A, Boudet F, Vogel FR, Hoffenbach A, Moste C, Kusters I Pandemic influenza vaccines have been manufactured using the A/California/07/2009 (H1N1) strain as recommended by the World Health Organization. We evaluated in mice the immunogenicity of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 vaccine and the impact of prior vaccination against seasonal trivalent influenza vaccines (TIV) on antibody responses against pandemic (H1N1) 2009. In naïve mice, a single dose of unadjuvanted H1N1 vaccine (3mug of HA) was shown to elicit hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titers >40, a titer associated with protection in humans against seasonal influenza. A second vaccine dose of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 vaccine strongly increased these titers, which were consis... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3331790 Fri, 26 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3331790 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3331789&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20193792%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we tested formalin-inactivated V3526 (fV3526) with and without adjuvant for immunogenicity and efficacy in BALB/c mice and results were compared to the existing inactivated VEEV vaccine, C84. Mice were vaccinated intramuscularly (IM) or subcutaneously (SC) with fV3526 formulations and challenged with VEEV IAB Trinidad donkey (VEEV TrD) strain by SC or aerosol exposure. Efficacy following SC or aerosol challenge was not significantly different between the fV3526 formulations or compared to C84 despite C84 being administered in more doses and higher concentration of viral protein per dose. These data support further evaluation of fV3526 formulations as a next generation VEEV vaccine. PMID: 20193792 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3331789 Fri, 26 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3331789 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3322936&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20189484%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Khattar SK, Collins PL, Samal SK Bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) is a major cause of respiratory tract diseases in cattle. Vaccination of cattle against BHV-1 is a high priority. A major concern of currently modified live BHV-1 vaccines is their ability to cause latent infection and subsequent reactivation resulting in many outbreaks. Thus, there is a need for alternative strategies. We generated two recombinant Newcastle disease viruses (NDVs) expressing the glycoprotein D (gD) of BHV-1 from an added gene. One recombinant, rLaSota/gDFL, expressed gD without any modification. The other recombinant, rLaSota/gDF, expressed a chimeric gD in which the ectodomain of gD was fused with the transmembrane domain and cytoplasmic tail of the NDV fusion F glycoprotein. Remarkably, the native... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3322936 Thu, 25 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3322936 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3322935&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20189485%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Machado AV, Caetano BC, Barbosa RP, Salgado AP, Rabelo RH, Garcia CC, Bruna-Romero O, Escriou N, Gazzinelli RT In this work, we explored an original vaccination protocol using recombinant influenza and adenovirus. We constructed recombinant influenza viruses harboring dicistronic NA segments containing the surface antigen 2 (SAG2) from Toxoplasma gondii under control of the duplicated 3' promoter. Recombinant influenza viruses were able to drive the expression of the foreign SAG2 sequence in cell culture and to replicate efficiently both in cell culture and in lungs of infected mice. In addition, mice primed with recombinant influenza virus and boosted with a recombinant adenovirus encoding SAG2 elicited both humoral and cellular immune responses specific for SAG2. Moreover, w... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3322935 Thu, 25 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3322935 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3322934&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20189486%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Houweling H, Verweij M, Ruitenberg EJ, As more and more new vaccines are developed and brought to the market, governments have to make decisions about which vaccinations to include in public programmes. This paper describes the experience in the Netherlands in developing a framework for assessing whether a vaccination should be included in the National Immunization Programme (NIP). Bearing in mind the public nature, the factors that determine a vaccine's suitability for inclusion in a communal vaccination programme have been translated into seven selection criteria, grouped under five thematic headings: seriousness and extent of the disease burden, effectiveness and safety of the vaccination, acceptability of the vaccination, efficiency of the vaccination, and priority of the... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3322934 Thu, 25 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3322934 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3322933&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20189487%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lima JC, Banic DM, Tran TM, Meyer VS, De-Simone SG, Santos F, Porto LC, Marques MT, Moreno A, Barnwell JW, Galinski MR, Oliveira-Ferreira J Plasmodium vivax merozoite surface protein (PvMSP9) stimulates both cellular and humoral immune responses in individuals who are naturally infected by this parasite species. To identify immunodominant human T-cell epitopes in PvMSP9, we used the MHC class II binding peptide prediction algorithm ProPred. Eleven synthetic peptides representing predicted putative promiscuous T-cell epitopes were tested in IFN-gamma and IL-4 ELISPOT assays using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) derived from 142 individuals from Rondonia State, Brazil who had been naturally exposed to P. vivax infections. To determine whether the predicted epitopes are... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3322933 Thu, 25 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3322933 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3322932&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20189488%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bettinger JA, Sauvé LJ, Scheifele DW, Moore D, Vaudry W, Tran D, Halperin SA, Pelletier L A total of 324 pandemic H1N1 cases were reported to the Immunization Monitoring Program, Active from May 1, 2009 to August 31, 2009. As of August 31, 2009, case details were available for 73% (n=235) of these cases. The median age was 4.8 years and 69% of children were older than 2 years of age. In total, 95 (40%) of children were previously healthy. The proportion with an underlying health condition increased with age. Close to 50% of children received antiviral medication. Two children died from the infection. The pediatric risk groups affected and course of disease caused by pandemic H1N1 appear similar to seasonal influenza. PMID: 20189488 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] ... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3322932 Thu, 25 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3322932 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3322931&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20189489%26dopt%3DAbstract We present an approach via immunization targeting an outer membrane protein FomA of Fusobacterium nucleatum, a central bridging organism in the architecture of oral biofilms. Neutralization of FomA considerably abrogated the enhancement of bacterial co-aggregation, biofilms and production of volatile sulfur compounds mediated by an inter-species interaction of F. nucleatum with Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis). Vaccination targeting FomA also conferred a protective effect against co-infection-induced gum inflammation. Here, we advance a novel infectious mechanism by which F. nucleatum co-opts P. gingivalis to exacerbate gum infections. FomA is highlighted as a potential target for development of new therapeutics against periodontal infection and halitosis in humans. PMID: 20189... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3322931 Thu, 25 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3322931 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3322930&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20189490%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zou Y, Sonderegger I, Lipowsky G, Jennings GT, Schmitz N, Landi M, Kopf M, Bachmann MF Interleukin-5 (IL-5) is a cytokine which is essential for the maturation of eosinophils in bone marrow and for their release into the blood. Eotaxin is a CC type chemokine implicated in the recruitment of eosinophils in a variety of inflammatory disorders. Since eosinophil-activity is governed by these two pathways, we targeted both IL-5 and eotaxin by active vaccination to block eosinophilia. We produced two vaccines by chemically cross-linking IL-5 or eotaxin to a virus-like particle (VLP) derived from the bacteriophage Qbeta, yielding highly repetitive arrays of these cytokines on the VLP surface. Both vaccines overcame self-tolerance and induced high antibody titers against the correspon... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3322930 Thu, 25 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3322930 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3322929&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20189491%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Arguedas A, Soley C, Loaiza C, Rincon G, Guevara S, Perez A, Porras W, Alvarado O, Aguilar L, Abdelnour A, Grunwald U, Bedell L, Anemona A, Dull PM This Phase III study evaluates an investigational quadrivalent meningococcal CRM(197) conjugate vaccine, MenACWY-CRM (Novartis Vaccines), when administered concomitantly or sequentially with two other recommended adolescent vaccines; combined tetanus, reduced diphtheria and acellular pertussis (Tdap), and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine. In this single-centre study, 1620 subjects 11-18 years of age, were randomized to three groups (1:1:1) to receive MenACWY-CRM concomitantly or sequentially with Tdap and HPV. Meningococcal serogroup-specific serum bactericidal assay using human complement (hSBA), and antibodies to Tdap antigens ... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3322929 Thu, 25 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3322929 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3322928&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20189492%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tregnaghi MW, Voelker R, Santos-Lima E, Zambrano B The aim was to determine whether the immunogenicity of an investigational hepatitis B vaccine (spHB) is at least as high as that of a licensed control vaccine, Engerix B((R)), and to evaluate its safety before inclusion in new pediatric combination vaccines. Two randomized, controlled, blind-observer, Phase 3 trials were performed: one in Argentina (344 participants aged 10-15 years, 10mug HBsAg/dose) and one in Uruguay (344 participants aged 16-45 years, 20mug HBsAg/dose). Both vaccines were given in a 0, 1, 6 month schedule to all participants with a baseline anti-Hep B antibody titer <0.6mIU/mL. Antibody titers were measured pre-dose 1, 1 month after dose 2, pre-dose 3, and 1 month after dose 3. Statistical non-inferiori... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3322928 Thu, 25 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3322928 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3322945&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20188676%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Noland GS, Chowdhury DR, Urban JF, Zavala F, Kumar N Development of an effective vaccine against malaria remains a priority. However, a significant number of individuals living in tropical areas are also likely to be co-infected with helminths, which are known to adversely affect immune responses to a number of different existing vaccines. Here we compare the response to two prototype malaria vaccines: a transmission blocking DNA vaccine based on Pfs25, and a pre-erythrocytic malaria vaccine based on irradiated sporozoites in mice infected with the intestinal nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus. Following primary immunization with Pfs25 DNA vaccine, levels of total IgG, as well as IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b (all P=0.0002), and IgG3 (P=0.03) Pfs25 antibodies were significantly lower in ... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3322945 Wed, 24 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3322945 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3322944&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20188677%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we evaluated the effect of the growth medium on the composition and immunogenicity of meningococcal outer membrane vesicle (OMV) vaccines after cultivation of the Norwegian serogroup B 44/76 vaccine strain in either Frantz' or modified Catlin-6 media (MC.6M). Differential proteomic analysis revealed that 97% of the OMV proteins maintained the same levels in the two preparations. However, a number of differentially expressed proteins, including TdfH, OpcA, OMP NMB0088, hypothetical NMB2134, lipoprotein NMB1126/1164 and NspA, increased significantly in OMVs produced from bacteria grown in the MC.6M. Together with increased lipopolysaccharide levels, the increased expression of these proteins was associated with significantly higher serum bactericidal titres in mice immunized w... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3322944 Wed, 24 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3322944 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3322943&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20188678%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lorenzo G, Martín-Folgar R, Hevia E, Boshra H, Brun A In this work, plasmid constructs encoding two different M segment ORFs, as well as the nucleoprotein N, have been used in different vaccination regimes to test protection against a RVFV-MP12 virus challenge in a transgenic mouse model with impaired interferon type I response (IFNAR(-/-)). We obtained dose dependent protection in animals immunized with a construct encoding both mature glycoproteins (pCMV-M4), whereas only partial protection in animals vaccinated with either N construct (pCMV-N) or a combination of both plasmids (pCMV-M4+pCMV-N). The protection elicited by the expression of the mature glycoproteins could be directly related to the induction of neutralizing antibodies against them. Interestingly, the comb... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3322943 Wed, 24 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3322943 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3322942&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20188679%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we explored immune responses after intramuscular co-administration of the HIV-1 gp160 Env gene-expressing adenovirus (Ad) vector and modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) vector in a mouse model. Surprisingly, the simultaneous vaccination of the two vaccines, either as a mixture or separately, suppressed responses, when compared with the administration of each vaccine separately. Ad vaccine or MVA vaccine, co-administered with a mock MVA or mock Ad vector, also resulted in suppressing HIV-specific effector T-cell responses, and a part of antigen-specific memory T-cell responses. In an in vitro experiment, the two vectors infected individual cells and MVA suppressed the transgene expression produced by the adenovirus vector. This viral interference may involve soluble factor(s... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3322942 Wed, 24 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3322942 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3322941&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20188680%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bruder JT, Stefaniak ME, Patterson NB, Chen P, Konovalova S, Limbach K, Campo JJ, Ettyreddy D, Li S, Dubovsky F, Richie TL, King CR, Long CA, Doolan DL An effective malaria vaccine remains a global health priority. Recombinant adenoviruses are a promising vaccine platform, and Plasmodium falciparum apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1) and merozoite surface protein 1-42 (MSP1(42)) are leading blood stage vaccine candidates. We evaluated the importance of surface antigen localization and glycosylation on the immunogenicity of adenovector delivered AMA1 and MSP1(42) and assessed the ability of these vaccines to induce functional antibody responses capable of inhibiting parasite growth in vitro. Adenovector delivery induced unprecedented levels of biologically active antibodies in rab... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3322941 Wed, 24 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3322941 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3322940&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20188681%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Markowitz LE, Hariri S, Unger ER, Saraiya M, Datta SD, Dunne EF Post-licensure evaluation of vaccines plays an important role in monitoring the progress of immunization programs, demonstrating population impact of vaccines, and providing data for ongoing policy decisions. Two human papillomovirus (HPV) vaccines are licensed and recommended for use in females in the United States, a quadrivalent human HPV vaccine, licensed in 2006 and a bivalent vaccine HPV vaccine licensed in 2009. HPV vaccination is recommended for females 11 or 12 years of age with catch-up vaccination through age 26 years. Post-licensure monitoring of the HPV vaccine program has included some of the same systems established for other vaccines, such as those for vaccine safety and coverage monitoring. Howeve... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3322940 Wed, 24 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3322940 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3322939&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20188682%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hartgroves LC, Koudstaal W, McLeod C, Moncorgé O, Thompson CI, Ellis J, Bull C, Havenga MJ, Goudsmit J, Barclay WS Most influenza vaccines are produced in chicken eggs but recent human influenza strains often do not grow well in this substrate. The PER.C6((R)) cell line is an alternative platform for vaccine production. Here we demonstrate that PER.C6 cells faithfully propagate recent clinical isolates, without selecting for mutations in the HA gene. PER.C6 cells support the rescue of recombinant influenza viruses from cDNA. We used sequence data from a surveillance programme to generate a PR8-based seed virus with the HA and NA of a contemporary circulating H3N2 human strain, A/England/611/07 (E611) that did not itself grow in eggs. We engineered mutations that affected ... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3322939 Wed, 24 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3322939 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3322938&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20188683%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Brockhoff HJ, Mollema L, Sonder GJ, Postema CA, van Binnendijk RS, Kohl RH, de Melker HE, Hahné SJ In September 2004 a mumps outbreak occurred at an international hotel school in The Netherlands. We investigated this outbreak to identify risk factors for mumps. There were 105 mumps cases (overall mumps attack rate (AR) 12% (95% CI: 10-15%)). The AR for Dutch vaccinated and unvaccinated participants was 12% (95% CI: 10-15%) and 15% (95% CI: 3-42%), respectively. Independent risk factor was mumps contact. Explanations for the relatively high AR among vaccinated participants include primary vaccine failure, waning immunity and incomplete vaccine-induced immunity in the context of high mumps virus exposure in a school party and a crowded boarding school. PMID: 20188683 [P... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3322938 Wed, 24 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3322938 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3322937&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20188684%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hwang SD, Shin JS, Ku KB, Kim HS, Cho SW, Seo SH The highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza viruses are one of candidates for the next pandemic. Information on protective immunity for pregnant animals by vaccination against the H5N1 influenza virus is limited. Here, we show that the immunization of pregnant mice with inactivated H5N1 influenza vaccine protects them, their fetuses, and their infant mice from H5N1 influenza viruses. Pregnant mice immunized with two doses of H5N1 influenza vaccine were protected from homologous infections of H5N1 influenza viruses with no viruses detected in fetuses, and that they were protected upto 30% from heterologous infections of H5N1 influenza viruses with viruses detected in fetuses. The infant mice born to mothers immunized with H5N1 influenza... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3322937 Wed, 24 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3322937 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3322967&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20188175%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lyon CE, Sadigh KS, Carmolli MP, Harro C, Sheldon E, Lindow JC, Larsson CJ, Martinez T, Feller A, Ventrone CH, Sack DA, Denearing B, Fingar A, Pierce K, Dill EA, Schwartz HI, Beardsley E, Kilonzo B, May JP, Lam W, Upton A, Budhram R, Kirkpatrick BD M01ZH09, S. Typhi (Ty2DeltaaroCDeltassaV) ZH9, is a single oral dose typhoid vaccine with independently attenuating deletions. A phase II randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalating trial evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of M01ZH09 to 1.7x10(10) colony-forming units (CFU). 187 Healthy adults received vaccine or placebo in four cohorts. Serologic responses and IgA ELISPOT were measured. At all doses, the vaccine was well tolerated and without bacteremias. One subject had a transient low-grade fever. 62.2-86.1... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3322967 Tue, 23 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3322967 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3322966&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20188176%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Douce G, Ross K, Cowan G, Ma JT, Mitchell TJ Induction of immunity at mucosal surfaces is thought to be an essential feature in the protection of the host against the many pathogens that gain access through these surfaces. Here we describe how strong local and systemic immune responses can be generated when proteins are genetically conjugated to pneumolysin (PLY) from Streptococcus pneumoniae. Using green fluorescent protein (eGFP) and PsaA from S. pneumoniae, we have shown that genetic fusion (eGFPPLY and PsaAPLY) is essential to ensure high levels of antigen specific IgG and IgA in the serum and at mucosal surfaces. This form of vaccination is highly effective with antigen specific antibodies detected after a single dose of nanogram quantities of the conjugated proteins. In ... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3322966 Tue, 23 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3322966 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3322965&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20188177%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Banz A, Cremel M, Rembert A, Godfrin Y Red blood cells (RBCs) were shown to be efficient antigen carriers to target dendritic cells (DCs) and induce cytotoxic T-cell responses. Mouse RBCs were loaded with ovalbumin (RBC-OVA) and injected with Poly (I:C) into mice. Phagocytosis of RBC-OVA by macrophages and DCs was demonstrated to induce OVA-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell activation. Moreover, these CD8(+) T cells produced IFN-gamma and were able to induce OVA-specific cell lysis. Finally, T-cell response was demonstrated to be dependent on the dose-amount of antigen entrapped and this response could be maintained for up to 30 days. PMID: 20188177 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3322965 Tue, 23 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3322965 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3322964&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20188243%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Weiner DB, Sardesai NY, Schmaljohn C PMID: 20188243 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3322964 Tue, 23 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3322964 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3322963&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20188244%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Li A, Chen J, Hattori M, Franco E, Zuppan C, Ojogho O, Iwaki Y, Escher A De novo autoimmunity induced by an allograft may play a significant role in chronic organ rejection, which remains a major barrier to successful transplantation. Accordingly, immunization with non-polymorphic antigens found in both donor allograft and recipient would be an attractive means to prevent long-term graft rejection, because it would rely on recipient mechanisms of immune homeostasis and could minimize the need to identify appropriate donor polymorphic antigens for induction of graft tolerance. Here we show that intradermal injection of plasmid DNA encoding glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) polypeptide, which is synthesized in both pancreatic islet and skin tissue, ameliorated new-onset type 1 d... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3322963 Tue, 23 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3322963 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3322962&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20188245%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Khan AS, Bodles-Brakhop AM, Fiorotto ML, Draghia-Akli R To differentiate prenatal effects of plasmid growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) treatment from maternal effects mediated by lactation on long-term growth of offspring, a cross-fostering study was designed. Pregnant sows (n=12) were untreated (n=6) or received either a Wt-GHRH (n=2) or HV-GHRH (n=4) plasmid. At birth, half of each litter was cross-fostered (treated to controls and controls to treated only). Piglets from plasmid-injected sows were heavier at birth (HV-GHRH, 1.65+/-0.07kg; Wt-GHRH, 1.46+/-0.05kg vs. Controls, 1.27+/-0.03kg; P>/=0.001) and at weaning (Wt-GHRH, 6.01+/-0.21kg and HV-GHRH, 6.34+/-0.15kg vs. Controls, 5.37+/-0.14kg; P>/=0.02, respectively). Control piglets cross-fostered to plasmid-inj... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3322962 Tue, 23 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3322962 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3322961&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20188246%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we tested the efficacy of progressive generations of SCT DNA vaccines engineered to (1) enhance peptide binding, (2) enhance interaction with the CD8 coreceptor, and/or (3) activate CD4(+) helper T cells. Disulfide trap SCT (dtSCT) have been engineered to improve peptide binding, with mutations designed to create a disulfide bond between the class I heavy chain and the peptide linker. dtSCT DNA vaccines dramatically enhance the immune response to model low affinity antigens as measured by ELISPOT analysis and tumor challenge. SCT engineered to enhance interaction with the CD8 coreceptor have a higher affinity for the TCR/CD8 complex, and are associated with more robust CD8(+) T cell responses following vaccination. Finally, SCT constructs that coexpress a universal helper ep... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3322961 Tue, 23 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3322961 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3322960&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20188247%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Klinman DM, Klaschik S, Tomaru K, Shirota H, Tross D, Ikeuchi H Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) containing unmethylated CpG motifs mimic the immunostimulatory activity of bacterial DNA. CpG ODN directly stimulate B cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC), promote the production of Th1 and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and trigger the maturation/activation of professional antigen presenting cells. CpG ODN are finding use as vaccine adjuvants, where they increase the speed, magnitude and duration of vaccine-specific immune responses. For example, CpG ODN significantly prolong the protection induced by AVA (Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed). Unexpectedly, a majority of animals immunized with CpG-adjuvanted AVA maintain resistance to anthrax infection even after their Ab titers d... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3322960 Tue, 23 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3322960 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3322959&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20188248%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yin J, Dai A, Shen A, Lecureux J, Lewis MG, Boyer JD It has long been postulated that while CD8 lymphocytes are capable of suppressing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 replication it is unlikely that the viral reservoirs once formed can be cleared. Our previous studies demonstrate that co-immunizing cynomologous macaques with a simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) DNA-based vaccines induces a strong cellular immune response that is able to suppress viral replication. We further demonstrated that interleukin (IL)-12 could significantly enhance the vaccine specific CD8 lymphocyte response. In this manuscript cynomologous macaques were vaccinated with a SHIV DNA-based vaccine co-delivered with IL-12. The macaques were then challenged with SHIV89.6p. Two years post-immun... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3322959 Tue, 23 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3322959 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3322958&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20188249%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hutnick NA, Carnathan D, Demers K, Makedonas G, Ertl HC, Betts MR Pre-existing immunity to adenovirus (Ad) reduces the efficacy of Ad-based vaccines. The goal of this study was to define the prevalence, magnitude, functionality and phenotype of Ad-specific human T cells directly ex vivo. To study the magnitude of T-cell responses to Ad, we developed a highly reproducible whole Ad vector stimulation assay for use with polychromatic flow cytometry. Ad-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cells were detected in all 17 human subjects tested and were capable of proliferating upon restimulation. Ad5-specific CD4(+) T cells were primarily monofunctional CD4(+) T cells that produced IL-2, IFN-gamma or TNFalpha and expressed the memory markers CD27 and CD45RO. In contrast, Ad5-specific CD8(+) ... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3322958 Tue, 23 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3322958 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3322957&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20188250%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kraynyak KA, Kutzler MA, Cisper NJ, Khan AS, Draghia-Akli R, Sardesal NY, Lewis MG, Yan J, Weiner DB Plasmid DNA is a promising vaccine platform that has been shown to be safe and able to be administered repeatedly without vector interference. Enhancing the potency of DNA vaccination through co-delivery of molecular adjuvants is one strategy currently under investigation. Here we describe the use of the novel chemokine adjuvant CCL27/CTACK to enhance immune responses to an HIV-1 or SIV antigen in mice and rhesus macaques. CCL27 has been shown to play a role in inflammatory responses through chemotaxis of CCR10+ cells, and we hypothesized that CCL27 may modulate adaptive immune responses. Immunizations in mice with HIV-1gag/CCL27 enhanced immune responses both at peripheral and... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3322957 Tue, 23 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3322957 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3322956&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20188251%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lemiale F, Asefa B, Ye D, Chen C, Korokhov N, Humeau L Recently developed viral-vectored HIV vaccine candidates, despite achieving high levels transgene expression and inducing high magnitude immune responses to HIV, have faced limitations related to anti-vector immunity. In contrast, lentiviral vectors (LV) have been shown to be less sensitive to anti-vector neutralizing activity, while displaying desirable characteristics, such as transduction of non-dividing cells, including antigen-presenting cells, and long-term transgene expression. We have developed VRX1023, an HIV-based LV expressing HIV Gag, Pol and Rev under the control of the native HIV LTR. In mice, this vector induced significant mucosal and systemic cellular and humoral responses against HIV after sub-cutaneous i... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3322956 Tue, 23 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3322956 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3322955&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20188252%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Valentin A, von Gegerfelt A, Rosati M, Miteloudis G, Alicea C, Bergamaschi C, Jalah R, Patel V, Khan AS, Draghia-Akli R, Pavlakis GN, Felber BK We have previously reported that therapeutic immunization by intramuscular injection of optimized plasmid DNAs encoding SIV antigens effectively induces immune responses able to reduce viremia in antiretroviral therapy (ART)-treated SIVmac251-infected Indian rhesus macaques. We subjected such therapeutically immunized macaques to a second round of therapeutic vaccination using a combination of plasmids expressing SIV genes and the IL-15/IL-15 receptor alpha as molecular adjuvant, which were delivered by the more efficacious in vivo constant-current electroporation. A very strong induction of antigen-specific responses to Gag, Env, Nef,... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3322955 Tue, 23 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3322955 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3322954&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20188253%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Starodubova E, Boberg A, Ivanov A, Latyshev O, Petrakova N, Kuzmenko Y, Litvina M, Chernousov A, Kochetkov S, Karpov V, Wahren B, Isaguliants MG HIV reverse transcriptase (RT) can be considered as a target and an instrument of immunotherapy aimed at limiting the emergence and spread of drug-resistant HIV. The chimeric genes coding for the wild-type and multi-drug-resistant RT (RT1.14) fused to lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP-1) were injected intramuscularly into BALB/c mice. The immune response was assessed by ELISpot, cytokine ELISA intracellular IFN-gamma staining, and antibody ELISA. The genes for RT- and RT1.14-LAMP fusions (RT-LAMP and RT1.14-LAMP) were immunogenic generating a mixed Th1/Th2-profile of immune response, while the wild-type RT gene induced only... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3322954 Tue, 23 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3322954 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3322953&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20188254%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Masalova OV, Lesnova EI, Pichugin AV, Melnikova TM, Grabovetsky VV, Petrakova NV, Smirnova OA, Ivanov AV, Zaberezhny AD, Ataullakhanov RI, Isaguliants MG, Kushch AA The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunogenicity of NS5A protein of human hepatitis C virus (HCV) when delivered as naked DNA (NS5A DNA), or recombinant protein (rNS5A). DBA/2J mice received NS5A DNA, rNS5A, or NS5A DNA/rNS5A in different prime-boost combinations with a peptidoglycan Immunomax((R)). The weakest response was induced after rNS5A prime and NS5A DNA boost; rNS5A alone induced an immune response with a strong Th2-component; and NS5A DNA alone, a relatively weak secretion of IL-2 and IFN-gamma. The most efficient was co-injection of NS5A DNA and rNS5A, which induced a significant increase in CD4(... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3322953 Tue, 23 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3322953 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3322952&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20188255%26dopt%3DAbstract This study demonstrates that a co-immunization approach as described can be used to treat flea-induced allergic disease in animals, thus implicating its potential for a practical clinical application. PMID: 20188255 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3322952 Tue, 23 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3322952 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3322951&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20188256%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Muthumani K, Lambert VM, Kawalekar O, Heller R, Kim JJ, Weiner DB, Ugen KE By virtue of its ability to induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, the HIV accessory protein Vpr (viral protein R) has been evaluated by us and others as an anti-proliferative/anti-cancer agent. We have demonstrated that Vpr, when delivered to established experimental B16.F10 melanoma tumors in mice as a DNA expression plasmid through in vivo electroporation, can result in complete regression of the established tumors. We have also demonstrated that Vpr peptides from the carboxy region of the protein can inhibit in vitro growth of both B16.F10 melanoma as well as human HeLa cervical carcinoma tumor cells. These findings, summarized in this report, underscore the potential of Vpr as an anti-cancer agent... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3322951 Tue, 23 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3322951 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3322950&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20188257%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wang S, Mboudjeka I, Goguen JD, Lu S The use of a DNA immunization approach to deliver protective antigens against Yersinia pestis (Y. pestis) has been successful in previously reported studies. In the current study, the gene designs for V and F1, two well-studied virulent factors serving as main targets for vaccine development, were altered to explore additional options in hopes of improving the protective immunity of DNA vaccines expressing these two antigens. Compared to the wild type V gene DNA vaccines, the use of codon optimized V gene sequences was effective in improving the antigen expression, titers of anti-V antibody responses, and survival against a mucosal lethal challenge. For the F1 DNA vaccine, removal of the N-terminal hydrophobic region was able to improve pro... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3322950 Tue, 23 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3322950 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3322949&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20188258%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study we determined murine T-cell epitopes on MDP1 with MDP1 DNA immunization in mice. We analyzed interferon-gamma production from the MDP1 DNA-immune splenocytes in response to 20-mer overlapping peptides covering MDP1 protein. We identified several CD4+ T-cell epitopes in three inbred mouse strains and one CD8+ T-cell epitope in C57BL/6 mice. These T-cell epitopes would be feasible for analysis of the role of MDP1-specific T-cells in protective immunity and for future vaccine design against M. tuberculosis infection. PMID: 20188258 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3322949 Tue, 23 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3322949 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3322948&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20188259%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wang LX, Nagata T, Tsujimura K, Uchijima M, Seto S, Koide Y We identified a novel HLA-DR4-restricted CD4+ T-cell epitope on a secreted antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, MPT51, in 004149-MM HLA-DR4-transgenic mice which express HLA-DRB1*0401, but not murine MHC class II molecules. The mice were immunized with plasmid DNA encoding MPT51 using gene gun and interferon (IFN)-gamma production from the immune splenocytes was analyzed. In response to overlapping synthetic peptides covering the mature MPT51 sequence, only one peptide, p191-210, stimulated the splenocytes to produce IFN-gamma. Further analysis using flow cytometry and computer-assisted algorithm, ProPred, narrowed down the region of CD4+ T-cell epitope to p191-202. The CD4+ T-cell epitope would be feasible for vacc... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3322948 Tue, 23 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3322948 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3322947&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20188260%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zou Q, Zhong Y, Su H, Kang Y, Jin J, Liu Q, Geng S, Zhao G, Wang B Praziquantel (PZQ), which is used to treat all forms of schistosomiasis, has been shown to induce strong T cell activities and decrease T regulatory cell levels. In our study, we investigated whether PZQ may be used as an adjuvant for a hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) DNA vaccine (pcD-S2) in eliciting strong humoral and cellular responses. Our data demonstrate that PZQ as an adjuvant increased T cell proliferation and an HBsAg-specific antibody response that was characterized by a higher ratio of IgG2a/IgG1. Moreover, a higher level of IFN-gamma in CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells were elicited. In addition, a significantly antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte response was also observed. The expression of TGF-b... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3322947 Tue, 23 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3322947 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3322946&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20188261%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Smrekar F, Podgornik A, Ciringer M, Kontrec S, Raspor P, Strancar A, Peterka M Plasmid DNA (pDNA) used in vaccination and gene therapy has to be highly pure and homogenous, which point out necessity to develop efficient, reproducible and scalable downstream process. Convective Interaction Media (CIM) monolithic chromatographic supports being designed for purification of large molecules and nanoparticles seem to be a matrix of choice for pDNA purification. In present work we describe a pDNA purification process designed on two different CIM monolithic columns, based on anion-exchange (AEX) chromatography and hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) chemistry. HIC monolith enabled separation of supercoiled (sc) pDNA from open circular (oc) pDNA, genomic DNA (gDNA) and endoto... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3322946 Tue, 23 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3322946 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3316458&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20184975%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tonkin DR, Jorquera P, Todd T, Beard CW, Johnston RE, Barro M Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus replicon particles (VRP) function as an effective systemic, cellular and mucosal adjuvant when codelivered with antigen, and show promise for use as a component in new and existing human vaccine formulations. We show here that VRP are effective at low dose and by intramuscular delivery, two useful features for implementation of VRP as a vaccine adjuvant. In mice receiving a prime and boost with antigen, we found that VRP are required in prime only to produce a full adjuvant effect. This outcome indicates that the events triggered during prime with VRP are sufficient to establish the nature and magnitude of the immune response to a second exposure to antigen. Events induced by VRP... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3316458 Mon, 22 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3316458 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3312369&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20178868%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jang SI, Lillehoj HS, Lee SH, Lee KW, Park MS, Cha JS, Lillehoj EP, Subramanian BM, Sriraman R, Srinivasan VA Intestinal infection with Eimeria, the etiologic agent of avian coccidiosis, stimulates protective immunity to subsequent colonization by the homologous parasite, while cross-protection against heterologous species is poor. As a first step toward the development of a broad specificity Eimeria vaccine, this study was designed to assess a purified recombinant protein from Eimeria maxima gametocytes (Gam82) in stimulating immunity against experimental infection with live parasites. Following Gam82 intramuscular immunization and oral parasite challenge, body weight gain, fecal oocyst output, lesion scores, serum antibody response, and cytokine production were assessed to e... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3312369 Sat, 20 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3312369 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3303401&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20175969%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Van Overtvelt L, Moussu H, Horiot S, Samson S, Lombardi V, Mascarell L, van de Moer A, Bourdet-Sicard R, Moingeon P We compared immunomodulatory properties of 11 strains of lactic acid bacteria as well as their capacity to enhance sublingual immunotherapy efficacy in a murine asthma model. Two types of bacterial strains were identified, including: (i) potent inducers of IL-12p70 and IL-10 in dendritic cells, supporting IFN-gamma and IL-10 production in CD4+ T cells such as Lactobacillus helveticus; (ii) pure Th1 inducers such as L. casei. Sublingual administration in ovalbumin-sensitized mice of L. helveticus, but not L. casei, reduced airways hyperresponsiveness, bronchial inflammation and proliferation of specific T cells in cervical lymph nodes. Thus, probiotics acting as a... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3303401 Fri, 19 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3303401 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3295294&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20171305%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mast TC, Chen PY, Lu KC, Hsu CM, Lin HC, Liao WC, Lin DP, Chen HC, Lac C Baseline estimates of rotavirus disease burden and epidemiology are useful for the evaluation of newly introduced rotavirus vaccination programs. Prospective, cross-sectional surveillance for acute gastroenteritis (AGE) was conducted in hospitals and outpatient paediatric clinics in Taiwan to assess the prevalence of rotavirus gastroenteritis and associated medical costs prior to rotavirus vaccine introduction. Faecal specimens were collected from 1130 children <5 years of age from December 2004 to June 2006. The year-round rate of rotavirus detection in faecal specimens was 45% for children seen in hospitals and 14% for children seen in paediatric clinics. In the winter season, the burden was higher, ... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3295294 Wed, 17 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3295294 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3295293&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20171306%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hajdusek O, Almazán C, Loosova G, Villar M, Canales M, Grubhoffer L, Kopacek P, de la Fuente J Ixodes ricinus is one the most abundant tick species in Europe and these ticks transmit pathogens causing human and animal diseases. The cattle ticks, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) spp., affect cattle production in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Development of vaccines directed against tick proteins may reduce tick infestations and the transmission of tick-borne pathogens. However, a limiting step in tick vaccine development has been the identification of tick protective antigens. Herein, the tick iron metabolism pathway was targeted in an effort to identify new tick protective antigens. Recombinant I. ricinus (IrFER2) and R. microplus (RmFER2) ferritin 2 proteins we... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3295293 Wed, 17 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3295293 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3295292&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20171307%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hsu YY, Hsu KF, Cheng YM, Fetzer SJ, Chou CY In Taiwan, human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is recommended for women aged 9-26 years. The purpose of this study was to examine health beliefs and reasons for HPV vaccination among young adult women (aged 18-26 years), and adult women (aged over 26 years). Women who initiated HPV vaccination were recruited from three hospitals in southern Taiwan. One hundred and eighty-nine subjects completed a questionnaire on health beliefs and reasons for HPV vaccinations. 38% (n=72) of the women who initiated vaccination were over the age of 26. Health beliefs regarding HPV vaccination differ between young adult women and adult women. Recommendations from others (family, health care providers, etc.) are among the main reasons for young adult wo... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3295292 Wed, 17 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3295292 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3295298&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20170765%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bargieri DY, Leite JA, Lopes SC, Sbrogio-Almeida ME, Braga CJ, Ferreira LC, Soares IS, Costa FT, Rodrigues MM In a recent study, we demonstrated the immunogenic properties of a new malaria vaccine polypeptide based on a 19kDa C-terminal fragment of the merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP1(19)) from Plasmodium vivax and an innate immunity agonist, the Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium flagellin (FliC). Herein, we tested whether the same strategy, based on the MSP1(19) component of the deadly malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, could also generate a fusion polypeptide with enhanced immunogenicity. The His(6)FliC-MSP1(19) fusion protein was expressed from a recombinant Escherichia coli and showed preserved in vitro TLR5-binding activity. In contrast to animals injected wit... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3295298 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3295298 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3295297&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20170766%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Adachi K, Kawana K, Yokoyama T, Fujii T, Tomio A, Miura S, Tomio K, Kojima S, Oda K, Sewaki T, Yasugi T, Kozuma S, Taketani Y Although many clinical trials on human papillomavirus (HPV) therapeutic vaccines have been performed, clinical responses have not been consistent. We have addressed mucosal cytotoxic cellular immune responses to HPV16 E7 after oral immunization of mice with recombinant Lactobacillus casei expressing HPV16 E7 (LacE7). C57BL/6 mice were orally exposed to 0.1-100mg/head of attenuated LacE7 or vehicle (Lac) vaccines at weeks 1, 2, 4, and 8. Responses to subcutaneous or intramuscular injection of an HPV16 E7 fusion protein using the same timing protocol were used for comparison. Oral immunization with LacE7 elicited E7-specific IFNgamma-producing cells (T ce... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3295297 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3295297 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3295296&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20170767%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Vaine M, Wang S, Hackett A, Arthos J, Lu S Using a gp120 envelope glycoprotein from the JR-FL strain of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) as a model antigen, the goal of the current study was to evaluate the level and quality of antibody responses elicited by different prime-boost vaccination regimens (protein only, DNA only, DNA plus protein) in rabbits. Our data demonstrated that incorporating DNA immunization as a prime in a heterologous prime-boost regimen was able to elicit a more diverse and conformational epitope profile, higher antibody avidity, and improved neutralizing activity than immunization with only protein. Additionally, this improved neutralizing activity was observed in spite of similar antibody specificities and avidities seen when only DNA vaccination... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3295296 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3295296 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3295295&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20170768%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gregory SH, Chen WH, Mott S, Palardy JE, Parejo NA, Heninger S, Anderson CA, Artenstein AW, Opal SM, Cross AS Francisella tularensis is a category A select agent. J5dLPS/OMP is a novel vaccine construct consisting of detoxified, O-polysaccharide side chain-deficient, lipopolysaccharide non-covalently complexed with the outer membrane protein of N. meningitidis group B. Immunization elicits high-titer polyclonal antibodies specific for the highly-conserved epitopes expressed within the glycolipid core that constitutes gram-negative bacteria (e.g., F. tularensis). Mice immunized intranasally with J5dLPS/OMP exhibited protective immunity to intratracheal challenge with the live vaccine strain, as well as the highly-virulent SchuS4 strain, of F. tularensis. The efficacy of J5dLPS/... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3295295 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3295295 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3291868&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20167301%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, 27 patients with clinical and serological evidences of TBE despite adequate immunisation are presented. Vaccination failure is characterized by a slow, and initially non-detectable, development of the specific TBEV-IgM response, seen together with a rapid rise of IgG and neutralising antibodies in serum. The majority (70%) of the patients were more than 50 years of age, which may implicate a need for a modified immunisation strategy in the elderly. PMID: 20167301 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3291868 Mon, 15 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3291868 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3288230&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20156531%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kim HJ, Kim HO, Lee K, Baek EJ, Kim HS Effective induction of cell-mediated immune responses strongly depends on the ability of dendritic cells (DCs) to produce Th1-polarizing cytokines, migrate to lymph nodes and stimulate T cells through antigen-presenting complex and costimulatory molecules. While various protocols for optimizing DC maturation with single or multiple stimuli mimicking infections or inflammatory milieu have been proposed for the generation of DCs with features desired for clinical application, stepwise maturation of DCs by these multiple stimuli has not been systemically assessed. Among the combinations of several immune-modulating factors with known effects on DC maturation, we found that stepwise DC maturation with cytokine cocktail (TNF-alpha+IL-6+IL-1bet... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3288230 Fri, 12 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3288230 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3288236&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20153792%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mendes RE, Pérez-Écija RA, Zafra R, Buffoni L, Martínez-Moreno A, Dalton JP, Mulcahy G, Pérez J Protection against Fasciola hepatica in goats immunized with Peroxiredoxin (Prx) was assessed. The experimental trial consisted of three groups of seven animals; group 1 were unimmunized and uninfected, group 2 were immunized with adjuvant only and group 3 were immunized with recombinant Prx in adjuvant (immunized and infected) .Immunization with Prx in Quil A adjuvant, group 3, induced a reduction in fluke burden of 33.04% when compared to adjuvant control, group 2, although this difference was not significant. The hepatic gross and microscopical morphometric study revealed lower damage in the Prx-immunized compared to group 3 (p<0.05). Furthermore, immunohis... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3288236 Thu, 11 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3288236 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3288235&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20153793%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chaves SS, Groeger J, Helgenberger L, Auerbach SB, Bialek S, Hu DJ, Drobeniuc J Some hepatitis B vaccine booster studies have suggested waning of vaccine-induced immunity in adolescents vaccinated starting at birth. Those studies, however, used a pediatric formulation of the hepatitis B vaccine as a booster to detect anamnestic response. We compared adolescents boosted with an adult dose of hepatitis B vaccine with those boosted with a pediatric dose. Among adolescents who had lost protective antibody levels against hepatitis B, a higher proportion had an anamnestic response when boosted with the adult dose (60.0% vs. 43.8%). Thus, higher antigen concentrations may be required to elicit an adequate immune memory response. Despite improved anamnestic response, our study still r... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3288235 Thu, 11 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3288235 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3288234&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20153794%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhu W, Higgs BW, Morehouse C, Streicher K, Ambrose CS, Woo J, Kemble G, Jallal B, Yao Y The protective mechanisms of influenza vaccines in young children are not completely understood. A phase 2 clinical study was conducted in 85 children 12-35 months of age to describe and compare the immune responses to live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) with trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV). To better understand the biology of vaccine effects, oligonucleotide microarrays were employed to measure the genome-wide changes in transcript profiles in whole blood at approximately 7 days after 1 dose of LAIV or TIV. Of the total 265 differentially expressed genes identified in this study, 6 clusters of genes were identified to be tightly coexpressed, many of which are likely modu... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3288234 Thu, 11 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3288234 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3288233&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20153795%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhao F, Dou J, He XF, Wang J, Chu L, Hu W, Yu F, Hu K, Wu Y, Gu N In the present study, we developed the tumor vaccine expressing IL-21 in the GPI-anchored form together with secreting GM-CSFs and investigated its antitumor efficacy in C57BL/6 mouse model. The fusion genes containing IL-21 and the GPI anchor signal sequence were acquired by overlaping PCR, inserted into the downstream of two multi-clone sites in recombinant plasmid pRSC/GM-CSFs to form pRSC/IL-21-gpi-GM-CSFs that was transfected into the B16F10 cells. The tumor cell vaccine B16F10/IL-21-gpi-GM-CSFs was identified by reverse transcription PCR, IFA and FCM, respectively. The results showed that the pRSC/IL-21-gpi-GM-CSFs had no cell cycle and proliferative state impact on the B16F10 cells after transfected, and ... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3288233 Thu, 11 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3288233 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3288232&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20153796%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jacobs P, Ohinmaa A We reviewed how health economics has been included in the vaccine expert review processes in a sample of countries. We identified two kinds of review processes - those in which vaccines and drugs are assessed using a common process, and those in which vaccines are assessed within the infectious disease framework. In either process, the countries recommend that their national pharmaco-economic (i.e., guidelines developed for drugs) guidelines be used to conduct the studies, although the guidelines themselves differ between countries. As a result of these factors, the decision process and the study outcomes can differ between countries, but because the vaccine adoption process includes other criteria as well, economic factors will not necessarily alter the ou... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3288232 Thu, 11 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3288232 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3288231&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20153797%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rodríguez-Alvarez M, Nava ID, Mendoza-Hernández G, López-Vidal Y Tuberculosis remains a major human health problem worldwide, and strategies for its prevention include the generation and characterization of new recombinant vaccines containing immunodominant antigens from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. By comparing the secretomes of wild-type Mycobacterium bovis and a PstS1-recombinant M. bovis BCG vaccine substrain (rBCG38), we identified six conserved hypothetical proteins (BCG2696, BCG1674, BCG0372, BCG0427, BCG2436c, and BCG3053) that are differentially expressed. Our findings will aid in the identification of highly immunogenic proteins present in rBCG. PMID: 20153797 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3288231 Thu, 11 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3288231 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3288242&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20152553%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Poland GA, Leary ML PMID: 20152553 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3288242 Wed, 10 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3288242 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3288241&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20153350%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, K2p170 exhibits a fine balance between attenuation and immunogenicity, possesses cross-protective efficacy, and merits further investigation as a potential live vaccine as an alternative means of protection against the recently emergent nephropathogenic IBV infection in many Eurasian countries. PMID: 20153350 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3288241 Wed, 10 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3288241 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3288240&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20153351%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Savulescu C, Valenciano M, de Mateo S, Larrauri A, We conducted a case-control and screening method studies to estimate influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE) in the age group >/=65 years, based on the Spanish Influenza Sentinel Surveillance System (SISSS). Cases (influenza laboratory-confirmed) were compared to influenza-negative ILI patients (test-negative) and patients without ILI since the beginning of the season (non-ILI). For the screening method, cases' vaccination coverage was compared to the vaccination coverage of the GPs' catchment population. The results suggested a protective effect of the vaccine against laboratory-confirmed influenza in elderly in 2008-2009. The screening method and the test-negative control designs enable estimating IVE using exclusively SIS... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3288240 Wed, 10 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3288240 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3288239&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20153352%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Richard SA, Viboud C, Miller MA In 1999, the World Health Organization switched from annual to semi-annual recommendations for influenza vaccine composition. We compared the antigenic match between recommendations and circulating viruses before and after 1999. Vaccine match proportion for A/H3N2 viruses increased from 31% to 59% in the Southern Hemisphere (P<0.05), and is now comparable to that in the Northern Hemisphere. Vaccine match for influenza B decreased from approximately 100% to 33-54% in both hemispheres (P<0.05), following the unexpected resurgence of influenza B/Victoria in 1997. No estimate was available for influenza A/H1N1. We conclude that semi-annual vaccine recommendations are useful overall and discuss potential ways forward. PMID: 20153352 [PubMed... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3288239 Wed, 10 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3288239 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3288238&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20153353%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hung CM, Yeh CC, Chen HL, Lai CW, Kuo MF, Yeh MH, Lin W, Tu MY, Cheng HC, Chen CM The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with recombinant porcine lactoferrin (rPLF) produced by yeast culture on peripheral lymphocyte proliferation and serum antibody titers in chickens vaccinated against the infectious bursal disease (IBD) virus. Treatment groups were fed with rPLF powder in their diet (2.0%, w/w), and the IBD vaccine was administrated at 1 and 3 weeks of age. At 8, 12, and 16 weeks after vaccination, serum IBD antibody titers were measured via the micro-method and T cell proliferation rates were evaluated. In gene expression analyses, rPLF-treated chicken peripheral T lymphocytes were stimulated with concanavalin A (ConA) for 24h. Th... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3288238 Wed, 10 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3288238 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3288237&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20153354%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Penha Filho RA, de Paiva JB, da Silva MD, de Almeida AM, Berchieri Junior A The ideal live vaccine to control Salmonella in commercial chicken flocks should engender protection against various strains. The purpose of the present study was to confirm the attenuation of a Salmonella gallinarum (SG) mutant strain with deletion on genes cobS and cbiA, that are involved in the biosynthesis of cobalamin. Furthermore, evaluate its use as a live vaccine against Salmonella. For the evaluation of the vaccine efficacy, two experiments were conducted separately. Birds from a commercial brown line of chickens were used to perform challenge with SG wild type strain and birds from a commercial white line of chickens were used to perform challenge with Salmonella enteritidis (SE) wild type st... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3288237 Wed, 10 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3288237 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3255538&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20139039%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Schaap-Nutt A, Scull MA, Schmidt AC, Murphy BR, Pickles RJ Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) are common causes of severe pediatric respiratory viral disease. We characterized wild-type HPIV2 infection in an in vitro model of human airway epithelium (HAE) and found that the virus replicates to high titer, sheds apically, targets ciliated cells, and induces minimal cytopathology. Replication of an experimental, live attenuated HPIV2 vaccine strain, containing both temperature sensitive (ts) and non-ts attenuating mutations, was restricted >30-fold compared to rHPIV2-WT in HAE at 32 degrees C and exhibited little productive replication at 37 degrees C. This restriction paralleled attenuation in the upper and lower respiratory tract of African green monkeys, supporting the HA... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3255538 Thu, 04 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3255538 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3246255&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20132919%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of inactivated vaccines prepared with North American swine influenza viruses as well as an experimental homologous A/H1N1 vaccine to prevent infection and disease from 2009 pandemic A/H1N1. All vaccines tested provided partial protection ranging from reduction of pneumonia lesions to significant reduction in virus replication in the lung and nose. The multivalent vaccines demonstrated partial protection; however, none was able to prevent all nasal shedding or clinical disease. An experimental homologous 2009 A/H1N1 monovalent vaccine provided optimal protection with no virus detected from nose or lung at any time point in addition to amelioration of clinical disease. Based on cross-protection demonstrated with the vaccines evaluated ... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3246255 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3246255 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3246254&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20132920%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Krashias G, Simon K, Wegmann F, Kok WL, Ho LP, Stevens D, Skehel J, Heeney JL, Moghaddam AE, Sattentau QJ Carbopol is a polyanionic carbomer gel used in man for a variety of topical applications and drug delivery purposes. Here we show that subcutaneous administration of carbopol with glycoprotein antigens elicits unusually strong specific adaptive immune responses in mice. Recombinant soluble HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env)-based antigen formulated in carbopol was at least as potent at stimulating Env-specific B and T cell responses as Freund's Complete Adjuvant, and significantly more potent than aluminium salts. The antigen-specific T cell immune response elicited both Th1 and Th2 cytokines including high titers of IFN-gamma, IL-2 and IL-4, and drove a Th1 isotype-switche... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3246254 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3246254 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3239980&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20123141%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Elbers AR, de Koeijer AA, Scolamacchia F, van Rijn PA After a massive epidemic of Bluetongue virus serotype 8 (BTV-8) among ruminants in 2006-2007 in the European Union (EU), the Netherlands started a voluntary emergency vaccination campaign in May 2008, subsidized by the EU. At the start of a new campaign in 2009, without subsidized vaccination, we investigated by mail survey the motives of farmers and hobby holders to vaccinate against BTV-8 in 2008 and 2009. Mean vaccine uptake in 2008 was: 73% in sheep, 71% in cattle, 43% in goat farms and 67% in hobby holdings. Top-5 motives pro-vaccination were: prevention of production loss; subsidized vaccination; recommendation by practitioner; welfare reasons; contribution to the eradication campaign. Top-5 motives against vaccinatio... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3239980 Sat, 30 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3239980 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3239984&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20123051%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Miyaki C, Quintilio W, Miyaji EN, Botosso VF, Kubrusly FS, Santos FL, Iourtov D, Higashi HG, Raw I Consecutive lots of H5N1 (A/Vietnam/1194/2004 - NIBRG-14) split virion and whole virus vaccines were produced in a pilot-scale laboratory. The average yields of vaccine doses (15mug HA) per egg were 0.57 doses for H5N1 split virion vaccine and 1.12 for H5N1 whole virus vaccine, compared to 2.09 doses for the seasonal H3N2 split virion vaccine. H5N1 split virion vaccine lots complied with WHO protein content criteria, while some lots of the H5N1 whole virus vaccine showed protein content per dose higher than the limit established. All lots of both vaccines showed ovalbumin (OVA) concentration below the recommended limit. Dose sparing strategies using adjuvant formulations using al... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3239984 Fri, 29 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3239984 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3239983&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20123052%26dopt%3DAbstract This study investigates the extent and length of colostral antibody protection, as well as the degree of colostral antibody induced interference of the immune response to BTV-8, in sheep. Significantly lower titres of neutralising antibodies were transferred in colostrum to lambs born from sheep vaccinated once as opposed to twice. On BTV-8 challenge, lambs born from sheep vaccinated on two occasions, with the second booster vaccine given approximately 1 month prior to lambing, were protected from clinical disease for up to 14 weeks. BTV-8 was isolated from 5 of the 22 challenged, vaccinated lambs, although only one of these lambs showed a transient rise in body temperature with no other clinical signs. Lambs born from ewes given a second booster vaccine 1 month prior to lambing, are likel... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3239983 Fri, 29 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3239983 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3239982&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20123053%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Isbrucker RA, Bliu A, Prior F A binding assay was recently published that differentiates between pertussis toxin (PTx) and the pertussis toxoid (PTd) used in acellular pertussis vaccines based on the selective binding of PTx to fetuin and detection with a polyclonal antibody. We found that the assay specificity for PTx was affected by both pH and salt. A monoclonal antibody (mAb) was identified that eliminated specificity problems and improved the sensitivity to 0.4ngPTx/ml. This mAb was previously shown to neutralize PTx toxicity in vivo, thereby supporting the assay's potential biological relevance as an alternative to the mouse histamine sensitivity test for the safety of pertussis vaccines. PMID: 20123053 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3239982 Fri, 29 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3239982 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3239981&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20123054%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Parreño V, López MV, Rodriguez D, Vena MM, Izuel M, Filippi J, Romera A, Faverin C, Bellinzoni R, Fernandez F, Marangunich L Infectious Bovine Rhinothracheitis (IBR) caused by bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) infection is distributed worldwide. BoHV-1 either alone or in association with other respiratory cattle pathogens causes significant economic losses to the livestock industry. The aim of this work was to validate a guinea pig model as an alternative method to the current BoHV-1 vaccine potency testing in calves. Guinea pigs were immunized with two doses of vaccine, 21 days apart and sampled at 30 days post vaccination (dpv). BoHV-1 antibody (Ab) response to vaccination in guinea pigs, measured by ELISA and virus neutralization (VN), was statistically compared to th... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3239981 Fri, 29 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3239981 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3232080&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20117259%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: Self-reported immunization rates were high among study physicians. Acceptance of mandatory vaccination was substantial, but varied by specialty. PMID: 20117259 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3232080 Thu, 28 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3232080 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3232079&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20117260%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Luo C, Wang JJ, Li YH, Hu JY, Li GC G22, an anti-idiotype single chain antibody screened from human nasopharyngeal carcinoma phage anti-idiotype antibody library, has been already identified by He et al. G22 DNA vaccine was produced by cloning G22 gene and inserting the cloned gene into pcDNA3.1. To investigate the immunogenicity of pcDNA3.1-G22, C57BL/6 mice were immunized with the vaccine, pcDNA3.1 and PBS individually and the antibody response, T cell phenocyte at the 15th, 22th, 29th, 36th day after the last immunity were detected. In the tumor protection experiment, the immunized mice were then challenged with CMT-93-G22 cells or CMT-93-mock cells. The tumor size and the survival time of the animals were compared between these groups. The results showed that DNA vaccine p... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3232079 Thu, 28 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3232079 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3232078&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20117261%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wu J, Zhang F, Fang F, Chang H, Wang F, Yang Z, Sun B, Chen Z We sought to determine susceptibility to highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus and to explore immune protection of inactivated H5N1 vaccine in streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic mice. Susceptibility of diabetic mice to an H5N1 virus was evaluated by comparing the median lethal dose (LD(50)) and the lung virus titers with those of the healthy after the viral infection. To evaluate the influence of diabetes on vaccination, diabetic and healthy mice were immunized once with an inactivated H5N1 vaccine and then challenged with a lethal dose of H5N1 virus. The antibody responses, survival rates, lung virus titers and body weight changes were tested. Mice with type 1 diabetes had higher lung virus titers... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3232078 Thu, 28 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3232078 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3232077&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20117262%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Vaxfectin((R))-adjuvanted monovalent H5 DNA vaccines were well tolerated and induced HI response rates and titers in the reported range of inactivated protein-based H5 vaccines, suggesting that adjuvanted DNA vaccines with rapid vaccine production could be useful for pandemic control. PMID: 20117262 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3232077 Thu, 28 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3232077 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3232076&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20117263%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Aranda-Romo S, Comas-García A, García-Sepúlveda CA, Hernández-Salinas AE, Piña-Ramírez M, Noyola DE We analyzed 2378 respiratory samples of children <5 years of age admitted during a 7-year period in order to determine the contribution of seasonal influenza as a cause of hospitalizations, as well as the impact of the inclusion of influenza vaccine in the childhood immunization program. The presence of influenza virus was demonstrated in 106 (4.4%) samples. The proportion of influenza hospitalizations after the introduction of influenza vaccination was lower (3.4%) than before the establishment of this vaccination program (7.5%; P=0.00002). Our study shows that influenza vaccination programs in children significantly reduce the impact of influen... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3232076 Thu, 28 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3232076 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3232075&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20117264%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ingebritson AL, Roth JA, Hauer PJ A collection of swine, fish, and cetacean Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae strains representing 16 serotypes was analyzed for possession of the three currently recognized surface protective antigen (spa)-types: spaA, spaB, and spaC. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays and Western blotting with a SpaA-specific monoclonal antibody demonstrated that spa-type is not confined to specific serotype groups. In particular, the spa-type of strains of aquatic origin was more variable than those of terrestrial origin, and possessed the distinct ability to express more than one spa. In a cross-protection study, mice immunized with an E. rhusiopathiae serotype 2 SpaA-type strain and challenged with various E. rhusiopathiae isolates were completely protected ... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3232075 Thu, 28 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3232075 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3232074&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20117265%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined trends in varicella and zoster hospitalisations and community consultations in Victoria during periods of no vaccine, private availability of vaccine and funded vaccination. Varicella hospitalisation rates declined 7% per year (95% CI 5-9%) from 2000 to 2007, predominately in children under five (12% per year, 95% CI 9-16%). A similar decline was seen in community data. The zoster hospitalisation rate increased from 1998 to 2007 (5% per year, 95% CI 3-6%), before introduction of varicella vaccine. Among those aged 80 and over the hospitalisation rate increased 5% per year (95% CI 3-7%) from 1998 to 2007. Zoster increased in community data from 2001. PMID: 20117265 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3232074 Thu, 28 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3232074 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3232073&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20117266%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jongert E, Lemiere A, Van Ginderachter J, De Craeye S, Huygen K, D'Souza S Development of prophylactic vaccines against Toxoplasma gondii is based on the observation that latently infected subjects are protected against secondary infection during pregnancy. Cocktail DNA vaccines have been shown to provide high resistance to parasite challenge, and latently infected mice are protected against acute disease. In order to characterize the associated Th1 cellular immune responses in vivo, we used H2-K(k) bone marrow macrophage cell lines constitutively expressing T. gondii GRA1, GRA7 or ROP2 antigens, for the in vivo characterization of antigen-specific T cells in an antigenic challenge model, and as target cells in an in vivo CTL assay. In latently infected C3H/HeN mice, CD4(+) an... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3232073 Thu, 28 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3232073 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3232072&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20117267%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Luo J, Li J, Chen RL, Nie L, Huang J, Liu ZW, Luo L, Yan XJ Antigen-presenting autologous dendritic cells (ADCs), primed with antigen, have been used in immunotherapy. We evaluated ADCs for treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). ADCs were administered to 380 CHB patients. Virological, biochemical, and serological responses were evaluated in each patient over the course of 48 weeks. Undetectable levels of HBV DNA were reported in 46.36% of patients negative for the hepatitis B "e" antigen (HBeAg) and 3.13% HBeAg-positive patients. Normalization of alanine aminotransferase levels occurred in both HBeAg-positive (P=0.007) and HBeAg-negative (P=0.003) patients. It appears that ADC vaccination effectively reconstructed the immunity and elicited virological, serological, and bioche... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3232072 Thu, 28 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3232072 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3232071&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20117268%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Umeshappa CS, Singh KP, Pandey AB, Singh RP, Nanjundappa RH Bluetongue is a serious hemorrhagic disease of sheep, cattle and other ruminants causing economic losses worldwide. Recent invasion of multiple bluetongue virus serotypes (BTV) in various countries warrant immediate development of efficacious vaccine that targets more than one serotype. In the present study, the cross-protective efficacy of binary ethylenimine (BEI)-inactivated BTV-1 vaccine was evaluated in Indian native sheep against virulent heterologous BTV-23 serotype challenge. BTV-1 vaccination induced significant cell-mediated immunity (CMI) as determined by lymphoproliferative responses, and increased CD8 T cell, IL-2 and IFN-gamma responses. Both naïve and immunized sheep also showed increased CD4 T cel... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3232071 Thu, 28 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3232071 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3232070&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20117269%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cordonnier C, Labopin M, Chesnel V, Ribaud P, Camara RD, Martino R, Ullmann AJ, Parkkali T, Locasciulli A, Yakouben K, Pauksens K, Bonnet E, Einsele H, Niederwieser D, Apperley J, Ljungman P The current recommendations for active immunization after stem cell transplant include 3 doses of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) from 3 months after transplant, followed by a 23-valent polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine (PPV23). However, until now, the immune response to PPV23 after PCV7 has not been assessed after SCT. In the EBMT IDWP01 trial, 101 patients received 1 dose of PPV23 at 12 or 18 months, both after 3 doses of PCV7. The efficacy of PPV23 was assessed 1 month later and at 24 months after transplant by the pneumococcal serotype 1 and 5 antibody levels. Serotype... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3232070 Thu, 28 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3232070 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3232069&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20117270%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Reszka NJ, Dudek T, Knipe DM The replication-defective herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) dl5-29 mutant virus strain with deletions in the U(L)5 and U(L)29 genes has been shown to protect mice and guinea pigs against challenge with wild-type (wt) HSV-2 and to protect against ocular disease caused by HSV-1 infection. The dl5-29 strain is currently being prepared for clinical trials as a herpes vaccine candidate. As a possible approach to improve the efficacy of dl5-29 as a genital herpes vaccine, we replaced the U(L)41 gene encoding the virion host shutoff function (vhs) with the U(L)41 gene from HSV-1. While the HSV-2 U(L)41 and HSV-1 U(L)41 gene products have analogous functions, vhs-1 is 40-fold less active than vhs-2. Previously, it was shown that disruption of the U(L)41 gene ... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3232069 Thu, 28 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3232069 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3232068&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20117271%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, GPs showed a high acceptability of A/H1N1 pandemic vaccination. GPs' involvement in the mass vaccination campaign, which has been neglected by French public health authorities, may have increased uptake rates in the general public. PMID: 20117271 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3232068 Thu, 28 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3232068 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3232067&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20117272%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kodama S, Hirano T, Noda K, Abe N, Suzuki M Nasal vaccination is an effective therapeutic regimen for preventing otitis media. In the development of nasal vaccine, an appropriate adjuvant is required. In the present study, we examined the efficacy of fms-like tyrosine kinase receptor-3 ligand (Flt3L) as a mucosal adjuvant. Flt3L was administered intranasally or peritoneally to mice, which were then immunized intranasally with P6 protein of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi), and P6-specific immune responses were examined. In addition, NTHi challenges were performed and the level of NTHi was quantified in nasal washes. Nasal application of Flt3L induced an increase in the number of dendritic cells in nasal-associated lymphoid tissue. P6-specific nasal wash immunoglobulin... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3232067 Thu, 28 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3232067 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3232066&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20117273%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bourinbaiar AS, Jirathitikal V Modulation of the inflammatory response through vaccination has shown promise in animal models of atherogenesis and obesity-main risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Tableted preparation, V-6, containing pooled antigens derived from pig adipose tissue was administered per os daily to 13 volunteers for 3 months. Total cholesterol and LDL levels have not changed from the baseline value; 193.4 vs 191.8 (p=0.75) and 113.8 vs 117.2 (p=0.18), respectively. Triglyceride levels declined by 26.1% from 163 to 120.5mg/dL (p=0.29). HDL increased by 25.9% from 38.6 to 48.5mg/dL (p=0.000002) in 12 out 13 patients. Despite negligible effect of V6 on weight and body mass index, i.e., 67.87 vs 66.58kg (-1.9%; p=0.46) and 26.25 vs 25.75kg/m(2) (-1.9%; p=0.35)... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3232066 Thu, 28 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3232066 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3232082&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20116467%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cho HJ, Kim JY, Lee Y, Kim JM, Kim YB, Chun T, Oh YK Needle-free nonparenteral vaccines offer a number of practical advantages, especially in developing countries. To address the effects of vaccine administration route, we tested mucosal and systemic immune responses against human papillomavirus 16 L1(HPV16L1) protein using intranasal, intravaginal, transdermal, sublingual (SL) and intramuscular routes. The SL route provided the most effective mucosal secretory IgA (sIgA) and serum IgG responses. After a 150mug antigen dose via the SL route, saliva sIgA levels were 7.2- and 5.8-fold higher than those achieved via intravaginal and transdermal routes, respectively. Notably, SL administration even produced 4.6-fold higher levels of vaginal sIgA levels than did intravaginal delive... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3232082 Wed, 27 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3232082 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3232081&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20116468%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined the utility of two common methods, the screening method and the indirect method, to determine the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine effectiveness (VE) in prevention of IPD amongst Indigenous adults in this setting. VE was calculated for the period 2001-2005 across two distinct geographical areas where the disease burden was known to differ. VE against vaccine-type IPD was 3.4% (95% CI -43, 35) for the NT. However, population vaccination coverage varied widely according to geographical region and where this was within the range appropriate for the use of the screening method, VE was within the expected range (67.2%, 95% CI 47, 80). VE according to the indirect cohort appeared unreliable in this setting due to the analysis being based on a very limited number of non-v... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3232081 Wed, 27 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3232081 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3225150&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20109592%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, the vaccine potential of a natural E. tarda isolate, ATCC 15947, was examined in a Japanese flounder model. ATCC 15947 was found to be relatively avirulent to flounder but able to disseminate into and survive transiently in fish tissues following intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection. Fish vaccinated with ATCC 15947 via i.p. injection exhibited a high level of survival rate, which was increased to 100% by a booster injection. Fish vaccinated with ATCC 15947 orally in the form of alginate microspheres showed a moderate survival rate, while fish vaccinated with ATCC 15947 via the immersion route exhibited a low rate of survival. Following oral vaccination, ATCC 15947 could colonize transiently in the gut, liver, and spleen of the vaccinated fish. Both injection and oral vaccination... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3225150 Mon, 25 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3225150 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3225149&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20109593%26dopt%3DAbstract This study assessed whether the inclusion of two rotavirus (RV) vaccines in the Dutch national immunization programme is cost-effective. Costs and outcomes in unvaccinated and vaccinated populations are compared for a time period of 20 years. In the baseline, assuming competitive market forces in relation to vaccine costs, Rotarix((R)) is more cost-effective than RotaTeq((R)), resulting in a cost-utility ratio (CUR) of euro 53,000 per DALY (third payer perspective) and euro 49,000 per DALY (societal perspective), but both considered as being not cost-effective. Vaccine-related costs, annual epidemic-size, and indirect protection are the major factors that determine cost-effectiveness of RV vaccination. PMID: 20109593 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3225149 Mon, 25 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3225149 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3225148&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20109594%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined the impact of school-based delivery on vaccination rates and healthcare use of the entire population over seven influenza seasons (2000-2007) using population-based survey and health administrative data. School-based vaccination was associated with higher vaccination rates in school-age children only. Doctors' office visits were lower for PHUs with school-based vaccination for children aged 12-19 but not for other age groups. Emergency department use and hospitalizations were similar between the two groups. In the context of universal influenza vaccination, school-based delivery is associated with higher vaccination rates and modest reductions in healthcare use in school-age children. PMID: 20109594 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3225148 Mon, 25 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3225148 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3221194&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20105426%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Soh SE, Ong DQ, Gerez I, Zhang X, Chollate P, Shek LP, Lee BW, Aw M Probiotics have been shown to enhance specific immune responses to vaccines. We aim to assess the effect of probiotic supplementation on specific IgG antibody responses to Hepatitis B (HepB) vaccination in infants. Compared to controls, probiotic supplementation improved HepB surface antibody responses in subjects receiving monovalent doses of HepB vaccine at 0, 1 month and a DTPa-HepB combination vaccine at 6 months [placebo (n=28): 187.97 (180.70-195.24), probiotic (n=29): 345.70 (339.41-351.99)mIU/ml] (p=0.069), but not those who received 3 monovalent doses [placebo (n=68): 302.34 (296.31-308.37), probiotic (n=77): 302.06 (296.31-307.81)mIU/ml] (p=0.996). Probiotics may enhance specific antibody responses i... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3221194 Sun, 24 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3221194 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3221193&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20105427%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Amendola A, Pariani E, Viganò A, Erba P, Zappa A, Giacomet V, Tanzi E, Zuccotti GV, Zanetti A During the 2006-2007 season, 19 HIV-uninfected and 33 HIV-infected children and adolescents with full immunovirologic response to HAART were immunized against influenza and subsequently followed up. One month post-immunization all subjects had protective antibodies titres which persisted for the whole influenza season. Seven vaccinees (four HIV-infected and three HIV-uninfected) were found to be infected by influenza viruses during the epidemic, but disease was lab-confirmed only in two HIV-infected subjects. Both presented a benign clinical course and were infected by an A/Brisbane/10/07-H3N2-like virus. These data indicate that HIV-infected subjects benefit from routine seasona... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3221193 Sun, 24 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3221193 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3221192&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20105428%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, the Ts87 gene was cloned into an expression plasmid, pVAX1, and the recombinant Ts87 DNA was transformed into attenuated Salmonella typhimurium strain SL7207. Oral immunization of mice with Ts87 DNA delivered in S. typhimurium elicited a significant local mucosal IgA response and a systemic Th1/Th2 immune response. Cytokine profiling also showed a significant increase in the Th1 (IFN-gamma) and Th2 (IL-5, 6, 10) responses in splenocytes of immunized mice upon stimulation with Ts87 antigen. An immunofluorescence assay performed with antisera revealed that the recombinant Ts87 protein was expressed in mesenteric lymph nodes of immunized mice. The mice immunized with Salmonella-delivered Ts87 DNA displayed a statistically significant 29.8% reduction in adult worm burden and a 3... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3221192 Sun, 24 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3221192 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3205403&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20097151%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Singh B, Cabrera-Mora M, Jiang J, Galinski M, Moreno A We have reported the design of polyvalent synthetic and recombinant chimeras that include promiscuous T cell epitopes as a viable delivery system for pre-erythrocytic subunit malaria vaccines. To further assess the ability of several Plasmodium T cell epitopes to enhance vaccine potency, we designed a synthetic gene encoding four Plasmodium yoelii merozoite surface protein 1 (PyMSP1) CD4(+) promiscuous T cell epitopes fused in tandem to the homologous carboxyl terminal PyMSP1(19) fragment. This Recombinant Modular Chimera (PyRMC-MSP1(19)) was tested for immunogenicity and protective efficacy in comparative experiments with a recombinant protein expressing only the PyMSP1(19) fragment. Both proteins induced comparable antib... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3205403 Thu, 21 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3205403 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3205402&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20097152%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Clements DE, Coller BA, Lieberman MM, Ogata S, Wang G, Harada KE, Putnak JR, Ivy JM, McDonell M, Bignami GS, Peters ID, Leung J, Weeks-Levy C, Nakano ET, Humphreys T Truncated recombinant dengue virus envelope protein subunits (80E) are efficiently expressed using the Drosophila Schneider-2 (S2) cell expression system. Binding of conformationally sensitive antibodies as well as X-ray crystal structural studies indicate that the recombinant 80E subunits are properly folded native-like proteins. Combining the 80E subunits from each of the four dengue serotypes with ISCOMATRIX((R)) adjuvant, an adjuvant selected from a set of adjuvants tested for maximal and long lasting immune responses, results in high titer virus neutralizing antibody responses. Immunization of mice with a mix... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3205402 Thu, 21 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3205402 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3205405&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20096762%26dopt%3DAbstract We present a real-time assessment of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of alternative influenza A/H1N1v vaccination strategies. A transmission dynamic model was fitted to the estimated number of cases in real-time, and used to generate plausible autumn scenarios under different vaccination options. The proportion of these cases by age and risk group leading to primary care consultations, National Pandemic Flu Service consultations, emergency attendances, hospitalisations, intensive care and death was then estimated using existing data from the pandemic. The real-time model suggests that the epidemic will peak in early November, with the peak height being similar in magnitude to the summer wave. Vaccination of the high-risk groups is estimated to prevent about 45 deaths (80% credibil... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3205405 Wed, 20 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3205405 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3205404&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20096763%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bromuro C, Romano M, Chiani P, Berti F, Tontini M, Proietti D, Mori E, Torosantucci A, Costantino P, Rappuoli R, Cassone A A laminarin-diphtheria toxoid (CRM197) conjugate vaccine conferred protection against fungal infections in mice. We have now generated novel beta-glucan-CRM197 vaccines, with either natural (Curd-CRM197) or synthetic linear (15mer-CRM197), or beta-(1,6)-branched (17mer-CRM197) beta-(1,3)-oligosaccharides, formulated with the human-acceptable adjuvant MF59. Curd-CRM197 and 15mer-CRM197 conjugates, which induced high titers of anti-beta-(1,3)-glucan IgG, but no antibodies against beta-(1,6)-glucan, conferred protection to mice lethally challenged with C. albicans. In contrast, the 17mer-CRM197 conjugate, which induced anti-beta-(1,6)-glucan antibodies in add... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3205404 Wed, 20 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3205404 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3205410&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20096389%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, we report here a polysaccharidic nanocarrier which exhibits a number of in vitro and in vivo features that make it a promising adjuvant for vaccine delivery of subunit antigens. PMID: 20096389 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3205410 Tue, 19 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3205410 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3205409&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20096390%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: White OJ, Rowe J, Richmond P, Marshall H, McIntyre P, Wood N, Holt PG Current infant vaccination against pertussis in North America and Australia requires three doses of vaccines including diphtheria, tetanus and acellular pertussis antigens (DTaP) at 2, 4 and 6 months of age. Interest is growing in the possibility that vaccination at birth might provide earlier protection of infants, but early vaccination also gives rise to concerns over the potential for excessive Th2-polarisation of pertussis-specific T-cell memory profiles. We evaluated this issue as part of a small pilot study comparing infants receiving a monovalent acellular pertussis vaccine (aP) at birth or birth and at 1 month, followed by DTaP at 2, 4 and 6 months with infants receiving DTaP only from 2 months. We c... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3205409 Tue, 19 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3205409 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3205408&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20096391%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Vujanic A, Wee JL, Snibson KJ, Edwards S, Pearse M, Quinn C, Moloney M, Taylor S, Scheerlinck JP, Sutton P Deep pulmonary delivery of an influenza ISCOMATRIX vaccine has previously been shown to induce a combined mucosal and systemic antibody response. To explore whether this combined response is influenced by intrinsic properties of the component antigen, we examined the efficacy of deep pulmonary delivery of ISCOMATRIX vaccines containing different recombinant antigens, specifically gB glycoprotein from cytomegalovirus and a fragment of catalase from Helicobacter pylori. Both these vaccines induced antigen-specific mucosal and systemic immunity, as well as antigen-specific proliferative cellular responses. Pulmonary immunisation with ISCOMATRIX vaccines may therefore be a ge... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3205408 Tue, 19 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3205408 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3205407&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20096392%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Harboe ZB, Valentiner-Branth P, Benfield TL, Christensen JJ, Andersen PH, Howitz M, Krogfelt KA, Lambertsen L, Konradsen HB We evaluated the effectiveness of the heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) on invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) 1 year after PCV7's introduction in the childhood immunization programme through a nationwide cohort study based on laboratory surveillance data. There was a decline in the overall incidence of IPD from 19.4 to 17.1 cases per 100,000 population (incidence rate ratios (IRR) 0.87; 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.81-0.96]), and of meningitis from 1.56 to 1.16 (IRR 0.74; 95% CI [0.57-0.97]) comparing pre-PCV7 (years 2000-2007) and PCV7 (year 2008) periods. In children <2 years, the incidence decreased from 54 to 23 cases per 100,00... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3205407 Tue, 19 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3205407 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3205406&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20096393%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cheng S, Hu YH, Jiao XD, Sun L Streptococcus iniae is a Gram-positive bacterium and a severe aquaculture pathogen that can infect a wide range of farmed fish species. In the summer of 2006, an epidemic broke out in a fish farm in north China, and examination of moribund fish (Japanese flounder) identified the possible etiological agent of the outbreak as a strain named SF1, which exhibited apparent virulence in a Japanese flounder infection model and conforms to the description of S. iniae by 16S rRNA sequence analysis and API 20 Strep test. Biochemical and random amplified polymorphic DNA analyses indicated that SF1 is of the serotype I. A putative iron-binding protein, Sip11, was identified from SF1 using a previously established molecular trap that selects exported proteins... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3205406 Tue, 19 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3205406 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3201544&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20093205%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nagill R, Kaur S Leishmania infection causes localized cutaneous to severe visceral disease in humans and animals. Current control measures, based on antimonial compounds, are not effective because of resistance in Leishmania. Vaccination would be a feasible alternative, but as yet no vaccine to protect humans against infection has been commercialized. Parasite antigens that preferentially stimulate the induction of significant protection through Th1 response presents a rational approach for a vaccine against leishmaniasis. With this view in mind, we investigated the potential of 78kDa antigen of Leishmania donovani alone and along with different adjuvants against murine visceral leishmaniasis. Various adjuvants used along with 78kDa antigen include monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3201544 Mon, 18 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3201544 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3198000&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20085833%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study we analyze the impact of net-indirect effects in non-vaccine protected groups of 5 years of age and older with updated assumptions regarding epidemiologic data and health care unit costs. Without net-indirect benefits for non-vaccine protected groups included the cost-effectiveness ratio which is estimated at euro72,360 per QALY. In order to obtain cost-effectiveness ratios below the threshold of euro50,000 per QALY - which is in the middle of the range that is often referred to in the Netherlands - the net-indirect protective effect should at least be 16% of which has been observed in the USA after the introduction of PCV-7. PMID: 20085833 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3198000 Sat, 16 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3198000 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3197999&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20085834%26dopt%3DAbstract We report 3 cases of orchitis following vaccination with mumps-measles-rubella (MMR) vaccine, two with an onset within 3 days following vaccination. Orchitis is a common complication of mumps infection, particularly in post-pubertal males, and is also recognized as a very rare complication of mumps vaccination. These cases, discussed together with a comprehensive review of the existing literature regarding post-vaccine orchitis, highlight uncertainty regarding the pathogenesis of post-vaccine orchitis. PMID: 20085834 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3197999 Sat, 16 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3197999 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3197998&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20085835%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Despite lack of exposure to school-based immunization programs, school-based programs are a desirable immunization site among middle-school parents. PMID: 20085835 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3197998 Sat, 16 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3197998 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3197997&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20085836%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we synthesized the complete sequence of the CLAG-9 protein as 67 20-mer-long non-overlapped peptides and assessed their ability to bind to erythrocytes in receptor-ligand assays. Twenty CLAG-9 peptides were found to have specific high-affinity binding ability to erythrocytes (thereby named as HABPs), with nanomolar dissociation constants. CLAG-9 HABPs interacted with different erythrocyte surface receptors having apparent molecular weights of 85, 63 and 34kDa. CLAG-9 HABPs binding was also affected by pre-treatment of RBCs with enzymes and inhibited erythrocyte invasion in vitro by up to 72% at 200muM. These results suggest that some protein fragments of CLAG-9 may be part of the molecular machinery used by malaria parasites to invade erythrocytes, hence supporting their stu... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3197997 Sat, 16 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3197997 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3197996&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20085837%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, chronic HD patients receiving adequate dialysis have excellent protective immunological response after intradermal post-exposure rabies vaccination as WHO recommendation. PMID: 20085837 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3197996 Sat, 16 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3197996 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3189671&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20080072%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Konishi E, Kitai Y, Tabei Y, Nishimura K, Harada S Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a serious disease in Asia, but it can be prevented by vaccination. To evaluate the necessity for vaccination in areas with reduced numbers of vector mosquitoes, as well as patients, it is critical to understand the frequency of natural virus exposure. An antibody survey was recently conducted to estimate current natural infection rates in Japan, where the vaccination rate has dropped in recent years. Serum samples were collected in 2004-2008 from inhabitants of Kumamoto Prefecture in west Japan, and in 2004-2006 from the Tokyo Metropolitan area of east Japan. Average annual infection rates estimated from the prevalence of antibodies to the nonstructural 1 protein (NS1) of JE virus was 1.8% in Kuma... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3189671 Thu, 14 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3189671 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3189674&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20079873%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Garibaldi M, Rodríguez-Ortega MJ, Mandanici F, Cardaci A, Midiri A, Papasergi S, Gambadoro O, Cavallari V, Teti G, Beninati C Pili of gram-positive bacteria are key virulence factors and their subunits are considered excellent vaccine candidates. Streptococcus suis is an emerging zoonotic agent that can cause epidemics of life-threatening infections in humans, but the functional role or immunoprotective potential of its pilus components have not been studied yet. Using a selective proteomics approach, we have identified a surface protein of serotype 2 S. suis showing features of an ancillary pilus subunit, as evidenced by bioinformatics analysis, immunoblot and immunoelectron microscopy. Immunization with recombinant fragments of this protein, designated herein as PAPI-2b... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3189674 Wed, 13 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3189674 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3189672&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20079874%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we have constructed a recombinant NDV vaccine virus, named NDFL-Gn, that produces the Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) Gn glycoprotein. Calves were immunized via either the intranasal route or the intramuscular route. Delivery via the intranasal route elicited no detectable antibody responses, whereas delivery via the intramuscular route elicited antibodies against both NDV and the Gn protein. The RVFV-neutralizing activity of the antisera from intramuscularly vaccinated calves was demonstrated, suggesting that NDV is a promising vaccine vector for the prevention of RVF in calves. PMID: 20079874 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3189672 Wed, 13 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3189672 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3179453&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20074684%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Herath C, Kumar P, Singh M, Kumar D, Ramakrishnan S, Goswami TK, Singh A, Ram GC Fowl cholera is a serious problem in large and small scale poultry production. The present study describes the development and testing of an inactivated whole-cell, low-cost, safe, and effective vaccine for fowl cholera based on a previous work (Vaccine 23:5590-5598). Pasteurella multocida A: 1 grown in the presence of low FeCl(3) concentrations, inactivated with higher concentrations of FeCl(3), and adjuvanted with bacterial DNA from P. multocida B: 2 containing immunostimulatory CpG motifs protect chickens with a lethal P. multocida A: 1 challenge. Chickens were immunized with two whole-cell inactivated vaccine doses at 4 weeks apart and challenged 4 weeks after booster immunization. Experimenta... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3179453 Mon, 11 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3179453 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3179452&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20074685%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Smallshaw JE, Vitetta ES Ricin is a CDC level B biothreat. Our recombinant ricin A chain vaccine (RiVax) contains two mutations, rendering it non-toxic at high doses. Frozen or alum formulations of RiVax protected mice against ricin administered by injection, gavage or aerosol. Without alum, RiVax was safe and immunogenic in rabbits and human volunteers. For military use, the predominant target group, it would be optimal not to require a cold chain for transport and storage. We have now developed a lyophilized formulation and demonstrated stability and efficacy for at least 1 year stored refrigerated or at room temperature administered with or without alum. PMID: 20074685 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3179452 Mon, 11 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3179452 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3179451&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20074686%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Walker KB, Brennan MJ, Ho MM, Eskola J, Thiry G, Sadoff J, Dobbelaer R, Grode L, Liu MA, Fruth U, Lambert PH Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis continues to be a major public health burden in most developing parts of the world and efforts to develop effective strategies for containing the disease remain a priority. It has long been evident that effective mass vaccination programmes are a cost effective and efficient approach to controlling communicable diseases in a public health setting and tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a major target. One approach with increasing acceptance is based upon on live mycobacterial vaccines, either as recombinant BCG or rationally attenuated M. tuberculosis, thus generating a new live TB vaccine. The Geneva Consensus published in March ... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3179451 Mon, 11 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3179451 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3179450&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20074687%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Schmeisser F, Vodeiko GM, Lugovtsev VY, Stout RR, Weir JP The traditional assay used to measure potency of inactivated influenza vaccines is a single-radial immunodiffusion (SRID) assay that utilizes an influenza strain-specific antibody to measure the content of virus hemagglutinin (HA) in the vaccine in comparison to a homologous HA reference antigen. Since timely preparation of potency reagents by regulatory authorities is challenging and always a potential bottleneck in influenza vaccine production, it is extremely important that additional approaches for reagent development be available, particularly in the event of an emerging pandemic influenza virus. An alternative method for preparation of strain-specific antibody that can be used for SRID potency assay is described. ... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3179450 Mon, 11 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3179450 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3172816&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20067751%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chen Y, Wu J, Yi QL To evaluate the effectiveness of influenza vacation, we conducted analyses at both individual level and health region level. The association between influenza vaccination and hospital admission was examined among 128,677 subjects 12+ years of age who participated in a national survey in 2005. Both influenza and hospital admission proportions varied across health regions. Health regions with higher proportions of influenza vaccination had significantly lower proportions of hospitalization. A 10% increase in influenza vaccination less than 1 year ago was associated with a reduction of 11% in the risk of hospitalization over a 12-month time period at the health region level. PMID: 20067751 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine) Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3172816 Sat, 09 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3172816 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3172815&cid=s_33861_3_f&fid=33861&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20067752%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Seib KL, Oriente F, Adu-Bobie J, Montanari P, Ferlicca F, Giuliani MM, Rappuoli R, Pizza M, Delany I A novel vaccine against serogroup B meningococcal disease - containing a combination of protein antigens identified by reverse vaccinology: fHBP fused to GNA2091, GNA2132 fused to GNA1030, and NadA - is currently in Phase III clinical trials. In order to determine the role of these antigens in the growth, survival and fitness of the meningococcus, we generated a mutant lacking the expression of all five protein antigens (5KO), a mutant lacking the three main antigens (fHBP, GNA2132 and NadA; 3KO), as well as strains lacking the single antigens. Our results show that abrogation of expression of these antigens in Neisseria meningitidis results in reduced growth in vitro, increase... Vaccine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3172815 Sat, 09 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3172815