MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Zoonoses and Public Health' source. Wed, 08 Feb 2012 18:15:54 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5629997&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2011.01449.x SummaryThe integration of the veterinary, medical and environmental sciences necessary to predict, prevent or respond to emerging zoonotic diseases requires effective collaboration and exchange of knowledge across these disciplines. There has been no research into how to connect and integrate these professions in the pursuit of a common task. We conducted a literature search looking at the experiences and wisdom resulting from collaborations built in health partnerships, health research knowledge transfer and exchange, business knowledge management and systems design engineering to identify key attributes of successful interdisciplinary (ID) collaboration. This was followed by a workshop with 16 experts experienced in ID collaboration including physicians, veterinarians and biologists from... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5629997 Thu, 26 Jan 2012 23:03:50 +0100 5629997 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5629998&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2011.01450.x The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in faecal Campylobacter spp. from lambs and adult sheep and associations between antimicrobial use (AMU) and AMR. A total of 275 faecal samples collected during initial and final visits from 51 sheep flocks, including one feedlot, across southern Ontario were tested for the presence of Campylobacter spp. Campylobacter jejuni was detected in 52% (143/275) of the faecal samples, Campylobacter coli in 7% (19/275), Campylobacter lari in 1% (2/275) and 2% (4/275) were non‐speciated Campylobacter. Broth microdilution was used to test antimicrobial susceptibility of 162 isolates to nine antimicrobials. Campylobacter jejuni isolates (n = 142) were resistant to tetracycline (39%), ciprofloxacin (4%... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5629998 Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5629998 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5583588&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2011.01448.x The objectives of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of and risk factors for MRSA carriage by pets residing in households with an MRSA‐infected person. From 66 households in which an MRSA‐infected patient resided, we screened 47 dogs and 52 cats using a swab protocol. Isolates from pets and humans were genotyped using two techniques and compared for concordance. Human participants completed a 22‐question survey of demographic and epidemiologic data relevant to staphylococcal transmission. Eleven of 99 pets (11.5%) representing 9 (13.6%) of households were MRSA‐positive, but in only six of these households were the human and animal‐source strains genetically concordant. Human infection by strain USA 100 was significantly associated with pet carriage [OR = 11.4 (95% CI ... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5583588 Sat, 14 Jan 2012 08:08:45 +0100 5583588 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5561442&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2011.01446.x SummaryBordetella bronchiseptica is a zoonotic respiratory pathogen commonly found in domesticated farm and companion animals, including dogs and cats. Here, we report isolation of B. bronchiseptica from a sputum sample of a cystic fibrosis patient recently exposed to a kitten with an acute respiratory illness. Genetic characterization of the isolate and comparison with other isolates of human or feline origin strongly suggest that the kitten was the source of infection. (Source: Zoonoses and Public Health) Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5561442 Mon, 02 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5561442 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5561441&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2011.01447.x SummaryJunin virus (JUNV) is the aetiological agent of Argentine haemorrhagic fever. The pathogenesis of the infection is not well understood, no licensed vaccines exist and no specific antiviral therapy is available. Previous studies have demonstrated the ability of ribavirin to delay and reduce JUNV disease and virus burden in guinea pigs without preventing death. Based on available data, we performed three different studies to determine the efficacy of ribavirin against JUNV in the guinea pig model with a focus on survival. Different doses and treatment schedules of ribavirin were tested in a lethal model of JUNV infection. Our results show that prolonged treatment with high doses of ribavirin significantly reduces the mortality in guinea pigs infected with JUNV. These results may be us... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5561441 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5561441 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5506227&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2011.01444.x We present data related to attacks by hematophagous bats in three riverine communities in the Rio Negro basin, Brazilian Amazon. A cross‐sectional survey was carried out to obtain demographic and epidemiological data through interviews with 201 inhabitants. A total of 721 bat attacks with bites took place from 2004 to 2006, 238 (33%) reported by residents in Campinas do Rio Preto, 329 (46%) in Águas Vivas and 154 (21%) in the community of Malalahá. Incidence density among surveyed inhabitants was 84 attacks/100 persons‐years in Campinas do Rio Preto, 249 attacks/100 persons‐years in Águas Vivas and 81 attacks/100 persons‐years in Malalahá. The proportion of surveyed inhabitants bled by bats at least once was 67% (63/94) in Campinas do Rio Preto, 96% (42/44) in Águas Vivas and ... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5506227 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5506227 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5459037&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2011.01440.x SummaryThe Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center (AFHSC), Division of Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System conducts disease surveillance through a global network of US Department of Defense research laboratories and partnerships with foreign ministries of agriculture, health and livestock development in over 90 countries worldwide. In 2010, AFHSC supported zoonosis survey efforts were organized into four main categories: (i) development of field assays for animal disease surveillance during deployments and in resource limited environments, (ii) determining zoonotic disease prevalence in high‐contact species which may serve as important reservoirs of diseases and sources of transmission, (iii) surveillance in high‐risk human populations which are more likely to ... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5459037 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5459037 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5459038&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2011.01443.x This study aimed to characterize the prevalence and virulence determinants of these five serovars in Irish dairy farm herds, and their milk. Using real‐time PCR (RTi‐PCR), bovine rectal faecal swabs and raw milk samples, along with milk filters, were screened for the presence of vt genes. Positive samples were then screened for the five serovars using sero‐specific PCR. Serovar‐positive samples were subjected to immunomagnetic separation, to isolate viable VTEC strains. These isolates were subsequently screened for four virulence factors: vt1, vt2, eaeA and hlyA. Three hundred and eighty six of the 600 rectal faecal swabs, 85 of the 117 milk‐filters and 43 of the 120 bulk‐tank milk samples, were positive for vt genes. From these 514 total vt‐positive samples, 58 O26, 162 O103... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5459038 Wed, 30 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5459038 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5459039&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2011.01442.x In conclusion, regardless of the distinct phylogenetic background of most E. faecalis isolates of human and poultry origin, we found major similarities in virulence gene profile and gene sequences in isolates from the two sources, supporting the zoonotic risk associated with this organism. (Source: Zoonoses and Public Health) Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5459039 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5459039 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5432508&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2011.01441.x In this study, 29.5% (36/122) of C. jejuni isolates and 41.3% (19/46) of C. coli isolates were resistant to enrofloxacin (ERFX), whereas all isolates were susceptible to erythromycin. Furthermore, the ERFX‐resistant isolates were tested for susceptibility to other classes of antimicrobial agents, and 55.6% (20/36) of ERFX‐resistant C. jejuni isolates and 47.4% (9/19) of ERFX‐resistant C. coli isolates were resistant to at least one of aminobenzyl penicillin, dihydrostreptomycin and oxytetracycline. To avoid an impact of antimicrobial drug‐resistant Campylobacter spp. on the efficacy of antimicrobial treatment for human campylobacteriosis, prudent use of antimicrobial agents is a requisite. The use of antimicrobial agents should be accompanied by various approaches such as preve... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5432508 Tue, 22 Nov 2011 11:03:43 +0100 5432508 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5227410&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2011.01436.x Summary Toscana virus (TOSV), a sandfly fever virus serotype of medical and public health importance, is a major pathogen involved in aseptic meningtis occurring in Mediterranean countries and poses a threat to the residents as well as travellers. Limited data on TOSV activity are present from Turkey despite being located in the endemic zone. We aimed to identify TOSV exposure in 1115 healthy blood donors at the Hacettepe University Hospital Blood Bank in Ankara, Turkey, using commercial indirect fluorescence assays (IFAs) and virus neutralization test (VNT) for antibody detection and specificity confirmation. A total of 199 samples (17.8%) were positive for anti‐TOSV that include IgG reactivity in 10.4%, IgM reactivity in 8.2% and IgM + IgG reactivity in 0.7% of the sera. Anti‐TOS... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5227410 Wed, 14 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5227410 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5227409&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2011.01439.x SummaryZoonotic disease surveillance is typically triggered after animal pathogens have already infected humans. Are there ways to identify high‐risk viruses before they emerge in humans? If so, then how and where can identifications be made and by what methods? These were the fundamental questions driving a workshop to examine the future of predictive surveillance for viruses that might jump from animals to infect humans. Virologists, ecologists and computational biologists from academia, federal government and non‐governmental organizations discussed opportunities as well as obstacles to the prediction of species jumps using genetic and ecological data from viruses and their hosts, vectors and reservoirs. This workshop marked an important first step towards envisioning both scientifi... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5227409 Wed, 14 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5227409 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5261947&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2011.01438.x This study highlights the need to control water as a source of pathogens and suggests that the domestic pets and deer should be considered in any farm risk assessment. (Source: Zoonoses and Public Health) Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5261947 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5261947 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5227408&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2011.01437.x SummaryMethicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) have been reported in commercially raised pigs and their human handlers, raising concerns of zoonotic transmission. To determine whether MRSA in backyard‐raised pigs is commonly transmitted to their human owners, a matched study of this type of pigs and their owners was conducted in selected counties in Michigan. Nasal swabs from matched owner–pig pairs (n = 50 pairs) with a few unmatched pig (n = 3) and human (n = 4) samples were collected and processed using standard isolation and identification protocols. No matched owner–pig pair was found; however, MRSA was isolated from 1/54 (1.9%) human samples and 2/53(3.8%) of the pigs. The single human isolate was not strain type USA100‐1100 by pulsed‐field gel elec... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5227408 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5227408 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5163694&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2011.01432.x The objectives of this study were to identify factors associated with zoonotic infections in veterinarians, the incidence of physician consultation and treatment and the incidence of diagnostic and treatment errors. Veterinarians in any area of practice were solicited to participate in an online survey through an invitation letter sent to the Oregon Veterinary Medical Association. Proportions of respondents to various factors were analyzed for differences among gender, age, time since graduation and type of practice in which they worked. In all, 216 complete responses were received. In all, 13.9% of respondents had never been vaccinated against rabies, and 20.8% had been exposed to suspect rabid animals, mostly (64.4%) a single time. Other zoonoses were reported by 47.2% of respondents: mo... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5163694 Sat, 27 Aug 2011 16:34:22 +0100 5163694 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5163696&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2011.01430.x SummaryEvidence suggests that frequent and direct exposure to domestic animals has made farmers less susceptible to symptomatic Escherichia coli O157 infection than other members of the community. We have quantified the seroprevalence of antibodies to E. coli O157 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from a representative cohort of farm workers in three geographically distinct regions of the United Kingdom during two sampling rounds over a 2‐year period. All participants completed a questionnaire to determine the range and extent of recent animal contact alongside other potential occupational and environmental exposure routes. A total of 31/946 (3.3%) serum samples contained antibodies to E. coli O157 LPS (from both rounds combined). On the second sampling round, a significant difference in seropo... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5163696 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5163696 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5163695&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2011.01431.x SummaryAn algorithm was developed as a tool to rapidly assess the potential for a new or emerging disease of livestock to adversely affect humans via consumption or handling of meat product, so that the risks and uncertainties can be understood and appropriate risk management and communication implemented. An algorithm describing the sequence of events from occurrence of the disease in livestock, release of the causative agent from an infected animal, contamination of fresh meat and then possible adverse effects in humans following meat handling and consumption was created. A list of questions complements the algorithm to help the assessors address the issues of concern at each step of the decision pathway. The algorithm was refined and validated through consultation with a panel of expert... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5163695 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5163695 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5163697&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2011.01429.x SummaryTwenty mammary lymph node samples were collected from cattle on a farm in the Republic of Korea. These cattle were serologically negative for Brucella by tube agglutination test (≤1 : 50) and serum agglutination test (≤1 : 50). Out of 20 lymph node samples, two samples were positive for Brucella growth on Brucella agar as well as blood agar. Tests for urease, hydrogen sulphide and reactions against monospecific sera A and M indicated that these two isolates (No. 15 and 16) belong to the genus Brucella. Genus specific, AMOS (abortus, melitensis, ovis, suis) and Bruce‐ladder multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays confirmed the Brucella isolates as either a B. abortus or a B. canis strain. This is the first report of the occurrence of a B. canis infection in cat... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5163697 Sat, 20 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5163697 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5145135&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2011.01435.x SummaryIn Central Europe and large parts of Asia, tick‐borne‐encephalitis (TBE) and Lyme borreliosis caused by the spirochetal bacterium of the genus Borrelia are among the most common diseases transmitted by the bite of a tick. When in regions with overlapping TBE virus and Borrelia endemicity, a tick bite causes the victim to become ill, it is important that appropriate serological and other laboratory investigations form part of the differential diagnosis. Account must always be taken of the fact that a tick bite may be followed by a double infection with the TBE virus and Borrelia. For this reason, a comprehensive diagnostic work‐up aimed at detecting co‐infection by both pathogens, even when the tick bite occurs in an endemic region for both pathogens but the initial clinical ... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5145135 Sat, 20 Aug 2011 17:12:10 +0100 5145135 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5145137&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2011.01433.x SummaryWe evaluated the validity of single versus paired serologic testing for La Crosse virus (LACV) encephalitis surveillance. Compared with paired serology, a single positive IgG or IgM immunoflourescent antibody titre appears useful for LACV encephalitis surveillance with sensitivity, 75%; specificity, 98%; positive predictive value, 95%; and overall test efficiency 92%. (Source: Zoonoses and Public Health) Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5145137 Wed, 17 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5145137 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5133042&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2011.01434.x This study showed that turkeys represent an important source of ERY (MLSB)‐resistant cocci. In addition, resistance to ketolides was also frequent. (Source: Zoonoses and Public Health) Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5133042 Tue, 16 Aug 2011 23:52:03 +0100 5133042 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5110687&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2010.01380.x The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of Salmonella in the environment in animal shelters. From 12 to 25 samples were taken from each shelter to represent environmental contamination. Samples were collected from surfaces in areas used by animals and in public access areas including animal receiving rooms, kennels, paediatric wards, treatment, visitation rooms, isolation, euthanasia, outdoor runs and play areas, reception rooms, animal transport vehicles, offices, break rooms and restrooms. Samples were tested for Salmonella and compared within shelters to identify high‐ and low‐risk areas; and between shelters to identify differences in environmental contamination by geographical location, infection control policies, and shelter size characteristics. Twenty‐eight... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5110687 Wed, 10 Aug 2011 18:47:51 +0100 5110687 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5064421&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2011.01422.x In this study, seroprevalence of tularemia among wild black bears and hares in Japan was determined. Blood samples collected from 431 Japanese black bears (Ursus thibetanus japonicus) and 293 Japanese hares (Lepus brachurus) between 1998 and 2009 were examined for antibodies against F. tularensis by micro‐agglutination test (MA) or enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. By subsequent confirmatory tests using western blot (WB) and indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA), eight sera from Japanese black bears were definitely shown to be seropositive. All of these eight bears were residents of the northeastern part of main‐island of Japan, where human tularemia had been reported. On the other hand, no seropositive Japanese hares were found. These results suggest that Japanese black bears can... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5064421 Tue, 26 Jul 2011 19:39:12 +0100 5064421 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5053794&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2011.01424.x SummaryIn Nunavik, common practices and food habits such as consumption of raw meat and untreated water place the Inuit at risk for contracting zoonotic diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of seven zoonotic infections among the permanent residents of Nunavik. The study was conducted in the fall 2004 as part of the Nunavik Health Survey. Blood samples from adults aged 18–74 years (n = 917) were collected and analysed for the presence of antibodies against Trichinella spp., Toxocara canis, Echinococcus granulosus, Brucella spp., Coxiella burnetii, Leptospira spp. and Francisella tularensis. Information on sociodemographic characteristics, traditional activities, drinking water supply and nutrition was gathered using english/inuktitut bilingual question... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5053794 Sat, 23 Jul 2011 17:28:33 +0100 5053794 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5041006&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2011.01423.x SummaryInfluenza A virus infections commonly cause respiratory disease in swine and can be transmitted between people and pigs, with potentially novel strains introduced into herds and spilling back into the human population. The goals of this study were to characterize influenza infections in Minnesota pigs and assess biosecurity measures used by swine workers. Veterinarians submitting influenza‐positive swine samples to the University of Minnesota Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory between October 2007 and April 2009 were surveyed regarding disease‐related information and biosecurity procedures at each farm. Influenza‐positive samples were submitted year‐round, peaking in spring and fall. H1N1 was the most commonly detected subtype (56%), followed by H3N2 (14%) and H1N2 (12%). Most... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5041006 Wed, 20 Jul 2011 18:53:27 +0100 5041006 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5041007&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2011.01425.x This study assesses risk factors for food‐borne gastrointestinal illness indicated by diarrhoea and/or vomiting using 14‐day recalls among children and young adults. The study was set in Isiolo, a rural town of Kenya, inhabited mainly by pastoralists of different ethnic groups. The preparation methods of milk at the household level were also investigated. The study was cross‐sectional and involved 900 participants from randomly selected households. They were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. An unmatched nested case‐control study was constructed by randomly selecting three controls for each case. Potential risk factors for gastrointestinal illness were analysed using both univariate and multivariate logistic regression models with random effect on ethnic groups. The stu... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5041007 Sun, 17 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5041007 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5021847&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2011.01420.x (Source: Zoonoses and Public Health) Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5021847 Wed, 13 Jul 2011 17:51:57 +0100 5021847 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5021846&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2011.01426.x The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta‐analysis of the published literature to evaluate the efficacy of vaccines in reducing faecal shedding of Escherichia coli O157 in ruminants. A systematic search of eight databases and land‐grant university research reports using an algorithm adapted from a previous systematic review of pre‐harvest interventions against E. coli O157 was conducted to locate all reports of in vivo trials of E. coli O157 vaccines in ruminants published between 1990 and 2010. All located references were screened by two independent reviewers, and data were extracted from all relevant papers, with treatment effect measured in odds ratios. For trials with a faecal prevalence outcome that did not involve mixing of treated and untreated ca... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5021846 Wed, 13 Jul 2011 17:51:32 +0100 5021846 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4978283&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2011.01428.x This study involved screening feedlot cattle for nasal and gastrointestinal colonization with MRSA shortly before the time of slaughter. Methicillin‐resistant S. aureus was not isolated from any of 491 nasal swabs and 488 faecal samples. This finding is in contrast to studies that have isolated MRSA from retail beef in Canada, performed in the same laboratory using comparable culture techniques. The reason for this discrepancy is unclear but it demonstrates that further study of MRSA in livestock as well as slaughter, processing and retail environments is needed to elucidate the epidemiology of MRSA contamination of meat. (Source: Zoonoses and Public Health) Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4978283 Mon, 27 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4978283 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5000120&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2011.01427.x SummaryLow‐pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) viruses have caused illness in poultry and humans with poultry contact. To determine whether there is evidence of exposure to avian influenza viruses (AIV) among backyard poultry in Minnesota and their human caretakers, 150 flocks of backyard birds were sampled for antibodies to AIV from August 2007 through December 2008. One hundred flocks were tested through routine slaughter surveillance by the Minnesota Board of Animal Health and an additional 50 flocks were contacted and sampled by study investigators. Blood was collected from 10 to 13 birds from each flock and a survey of biosecurity and management practices was administered to the flock owner. Blood samples were tested by agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) for influenza A antibodies. Te... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5000120 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5000120 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4978282&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2011.01421.x SummaryQ fever has emerged as an important human and veterinary public health problem in the Netherlands with major outbreaks in three consecutive years. Goat farms are probably the prime source from which Coxiella burnetii have spread throughout the environment, infecting people living in the vicinity. Coxiella burnetii infection not only spilled over from animal husbandry to humans but could also have spread to neighbouring wildlife and pets forming novel reservoirs and consequently posing another and lingering threat to humans, companion animals and livestock. In these cases, transmission routes other than airborne spread of contaminated aerosols may become significant. Therefore, the role of ticks in the transmission of Coxiella burnetii in the current situation was investigated. A tot... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4978282 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4978282 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4914899&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2011.01416.x SummaryIn China, we have witnessed an increasing incidence of rabies in recent years and the number of deaths ranked first among the 39 notifiable infectious diseases. We conducted a case–control study to identify risk factors for human rabies infection and disease to recommend prevention and treatment among people exposed to rabies. Exposure site, pre‐exposure prophylaxis and post‐exposure prophylaxis were significantly associated with rabies infection. Exposure site at upper limb and trunk or at lower limb were at lower risk as compared with head‐exposed patients. The OR was 0.09(95% CI: 0.009–0.93) and 0.01(95% CI: 0.001–0.115) respectively. Pre‐exposure prophylaxis (OR = 0.05, 95% CI: 0.03–0.11) and post‐exposure prophylaxis (OR = 0.02, 95% CI: 0.01–0.40) were... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4914899 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4914899 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4865233&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2011.01413.x SummaryThe aim of this work was to establish the prevalence of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococci (MRS) in the animals and staff of a teaching and research farm. Samples of dairy cattle (36), beef cattle (26), sheep (19), horses (21), pigs (23), goats (23) and humans (13) were collected and screened for the presence of MRS. The detection of mecA gene was performed by PCR to determine the resistance of the samples to methicillin. Antimicrobial‐resistance testing to penicillin, meropenem, ceftriaxone, cephalothin, oxacillin, levofloxacin, enrofloxacin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, clindamycin, erytromycin, linezolid, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, tetracycline, doxycycline and vancomycin was performed on the mecA+ isolates. From the 161 samples, four methicillin‐resista... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4865233 Thu, 26 May 2011 17:34:25 +0100 4865233 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4865235&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2011.01417.x SummaryTimely reporting of animal diseases is fundamental to the detection of emerging threats, rapid and effective outbreak response, and ultimately the health of both animals and humans. In the United States, each state has the authority to regulate reporting of diseases. While past research has reviewed reportable human diseases, the research on reportable animal diseases has assessed only veterinarian knowledge and understanding of law rather than identifying the actual statutes and regulation that exists. Therefore, this article reviewed the statutes, regulations, and online reportable animal disease lists from the 50 states and District of Columbia to describe the legal landscape of animal disease reporting. The findings suggest wide variation in state animal disease reporting requir... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4865235 Tue, 24 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4865235 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4865234&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2011.01418.x SummaryCampylobacteriosis is the most commonly notified illness in New Zealand. Whilst the importance of commercial poultry in campylobacteriosis is well established, little is known about the possible role of chickens kept at home as a direct animal/faecal contact or consumption exposure pathway. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and genetic diversity of Campylobacter spp. in domestic backyard chicken flocks in the Canterbury region of New Zealand. Poultry faecal samples were collected from 35 domestic ‘backyard’ poultry flocks from urban and rural properties around the Canterbury Region of New Zealand. A total of 291 samples were collected and tested for the presence of thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. and positive isolates were analysed using pulsed‐field gel ... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4865234 Tue, 24 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4865234 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4843585&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2011.01415.x SummaryThe pine processionary caterpillar, Thaumetopoea pityocampa, is considered an emerging pine pest in Mediterranean countries, with high medical relevance. In recent years, adverse reactions reports in humans following contact with T. pityocampa have been increasingly reported. Dogs living in pinewood areas are also frequently exposed to the caterpillar. This work consisted on a retrospective study of 41 cases of lepidopterism. All dogs presented drooling, dysphagia, submandibular lymphadenomegaly and clinical signs of pain. The animals were distributed in three groups, according to the time span from exposure to the caterpillar until presentation: up to 2 h (group 1), 2–5 h (group 2) and more than 5 h (group 3). All animals from groups 2 (n = 5) and 3 (n = 9), and eig... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4843585 Fri, 20 May 2011 17:00:56 +0100 4843585 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4843587&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2011.01414.x SummaryIn response to an outbreak of Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) in Baja California in early 2009, dogs at two shelters in neighbouring Imperial County, California, were evaluated for ectoparasites. Brown dog ticks (Rhipicephalus sanguineus), a recognized vector for RMSF, were found on 35 (30%) of 116 dogs but all ticks tested negative for Rickettsia rickettsii by PCR. (Source: Zoonoses and Public Health) Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4843587 Thu, 19 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4843587 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4843586&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2011.01419.x SummaryQuery (Q) fever was virtually unknown in Denmark in 2005, when, after the introduction of new sensitive diagnostic methods for Coxiella burnetii, an increasing number of positive cattle created concern among people with frequent exposure. This led to a dramatic rise in examinations for Q fever among humans in the following 2 years. The aim of our study was to assess indication for testing and symptoms in individuals with serological signs of infection with C. burnetii. We performed a case‐review study of seropositives among all humans tested for Q fever in 2006–07 in Denmark. Seropositive cases were categorized with acute infection: 4‐fold increase in immunoglobulin G (IgG) phase II or concomitant IgM phase II ≥ 1 : 256 and IgG phase II ≥ 1 : 1024; and pr... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4843586 Thu, 19 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4843586 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4832797&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2011.01409.x SummaryThe most common families of mites found in house dust are Pyroglyphidae, Glycyphagidae and Acaridae; all are a source of many antigens responsible for allergic diseases. The aim of this study was to examine the seasonal dynamics of allergenic mite populations in dust samples collected from sleeping places in apartments in north‐western Poland. The mites were isolated from the dust using a saturated saline floating method. In 132 dust samples we determined: Dermatophagoides farinae, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Euroglyphus maynei, Hirstia sp., Chortoglyphus arcuatus, Lepidoglyphus destructor, Gohieria fusca and Cheyletus sp. The greatest frequency was observed for D. farinae, D. pteronyssinus, Ch. arcuatus and Cheyletus sp., in the fourth quarter and D. farinae in the third quar... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4832797 Wed, 18 May 2011 18:54:29 +0100 4832797 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4814766&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2011.01411.x This study was performed in order to identify the presence of zoonotic parasites in dog and cat faecal and soil samples from public parks of Madrid, Spain. Six hundred twenty‐five and seventy‐nine soil and faecal samples (presumably from dogs and cats) respectively were collected from 67 parks. Intestinal parasites were identified in 27 parks (40.3%), which were contamined with Giardia sp. (19.4%), microsporidia (19.4%), Toxocara spp. (16.4%), Cryptosporidium sp. (6%), Entamoeba histolytica (3%) and Ancylostomidae (3%). Combinations of two or more intestinal parasites were found in 11 parks, and it was common to find Giardia and microsporidia together in samples. Intestinal parasites were detected in 18% (112/625) of soil samples. The most frequent parasite species found in the examine... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4814766 Thu, 12 May 2011 19:02:03 +0100 4814766 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4814767&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2011.01408.x SummarySalmonella enterica serotype Bovismorbificans is a rare serotype in Finland. In June 2009, a nationwide outbreak of S. Bovismorbificans infections occurred, and 42 clinical isolates were identified. We conducted a case–control study enrolling 28 cases and 48 matched controls, and found ready‐to‐eat alfalfa sprouts associated with the infection (odds ratio = 35.2, 95% confidence interval 2.8–435). The sprouts were traced back to a domestic producer, with the seeds originating in Italy. Although finding microbiological evidence for sprouts as a source of this outbreak was very challenging, S. Bovismorbificans was finally found in sprouts germinated in the laboratory, and in soaking and rinse waters during the germination process. The pulsed field gel electrophoresis showed... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4814767 Wed, 11 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4814767 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4790888&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2011.01407.x The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of CE among rural communities in Kerman using ultrasonography (US) and serology. Kerman Province, in southeastern Iran, is the largest province, with 2.9 million inhabitants. A sample of 1140 individuals (200 males and 940 females) was selected by randomized cluster sampling in 2006–2008. After acquiring informed consent for each participant a questionnaire was filled, complete abdominal US in supine position was carried out and 5 ml blood was collected for ELISA test. Two hydatid cases (0.2%) were detected by ultrasound. Serological results showed 7.3% seropositivity, and females (8.3%) were significantly more positive than males (2.1%). There were significant difference between CE seropositivity and sex, age and occupation. ... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4790888 Thu, 05 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4790888 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4790887&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2011.01410.x SummaryThe aim of this study was to isolate yeasts from the faeces of urban bats inhabiting the city of Londrina, Paraná, Brazil and to determine their potential virulence attributes. Seven (12.3%) of 57 bats screened in this study showed yeasts in their faeces. Five species of the genus Candida were isolated: C. guilliermondii, C. krusei, C. lusitaniae, C. parapsilosis, and C. pelliculosa. No phospholipase activity was detected in the egg yolk plate assay; however, all isolates demonstrated protease secretion in skim milk agar. Yeasts isolated from bats produced biofilm on the surface of polystyrene plates and all were classified as intermediate biofilm producers. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for fluconazole in the yeasts varied according to the species. Only one isolate... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4790887 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4790887 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4736949&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2011.01412.x SummaryRaccoons (Procyon lotor) are commonly implicated as carriers of many zoonotic pathogens. The purpose of this cross‐sectional study was to look for Leptospira interrogans and Francisella tularensis in opportunistically sampled, free‐ranging raccoons of Larimer Country, Colorado, USA. Sixty‐five animals were included in the study and testing consisted of gross post‐mortem examination, histopathology, and both immunohistochemistry and PCR for L. interrogans and F. tularensis. No significant gross lesions were identified and the most common histological lesions were lymphoplasmacytic interstitial nephritis and pulmonary silicosis; rare periportal hepatitis, splenic lymphoid hyperplasia and small pulmonary granulomas were also identified. Of 65 animals, 20 (30%) were positive for... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4736949 Fri, 22 Apr 2011 17:32:22 +0100 4736949 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4699182&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2011.01406.x SummaryIn April 2009, a novel H1N1 influenza A virus (pH1N1) was recognized as the cause of the flu pandemic in humans. Here, we report the isolation of pH1N1 virus from the lung homogenates of two cats, which died after severe respiratory symptoms. The cats belonged to a cat colony consisting of 90 caged cats and were found dead following a 2‐week period of respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases in the colony. During the outbreak, 25 cats died and 50% of the animal colony showed anorexia, depression, respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms. Histological examination of the lungs of the two tested cats displayed lesions centred on terminal airways with epithelial bronchiolar hyperplasia and alveolar necrosis. Influenza A virus was detected in the lung tissues by immunohistochemistry ... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4699182 Tue, 12 Apr 2011 17:14:17 +0100 4699182 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4699183&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2011.01403.x SummaryApproximately 1.4 million Salmonella infections and 400 deaths occur annually in the United States. Approximately 6% of human Salmonella cases are thought to be associated with reptiles; Salmonella enterica subspecies IV is primarily reptile‐associated. During 1–4 December, 2009, three isolates of Salmonella IV 6,7:z4,z24:– with indistinguishable pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns were identified through Minnesota Department of Health laboratory‐based surveillance. None of the three patients associated with the isolates reported reptile contact; however, all had attended the same potluck dinner. Dinner attendees were asked questions regarding illness history, foods they prepared for and consumed at the event, and pet ownership. Cases were defined as illness i... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4699183 Sun, 10 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4699183 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4687373&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2011.01405.x SummaryInfection with sorbitol‐fermenting Shiga toxin‐producing Escherichia coli O157:H‐ (sf STEC O157:H‐) is rare, but emerging in Europe. The pathogen is typically isolated from paediatric patients with life‐threatening haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS). It is unclear whether this observation primarily reflects the pathogen’s virulence or its complex laboratory diagnosis, not routinely conducted in diarrhoeal patients. In summer 2009, four boys living in the same suburb in Germany developed diarrhoea‐associated HUS: three were infected by sf STEC O157:H‐ and one died. We conducted two analytical epidemiological studies, an extensive search for diarrhoeal cases in potentially exposed groups, and an environmental investigation. Outbreak cases were residents of the suburb di... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4687373 Fri, 08 Apr 2011 17:11:02 +0100 4687373 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4687375&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2011.01400.x SummaryImmunization represents one of the most important methods to increase the resistance of chickens against Salmonella infection. In addition to the development of an adaptive immune response, oral administration of live Salmonella strains to day‐old chicks provides protection against infection within hours by intestinal colonization‐inhibition. For the exploitation of this phenomenon, practical information on colonization‐inhibition between Salmonella organisms is needed. Colonization‐inhibition capacity between Salmonella strains from serogroups B, C1, C2, D and G was assessed in chickens. The most profound level of intestinal colonization‐inhibition occurred between isogenic strains. Inhibition between strains of the same serovar was greater than that between strains of di... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4687375 Tue, 05 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4687375 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4687374&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2011.01404.x SummaryGuaraqueçaba city is a rain forest environmental protected area located on the southern coast of Brazil. Recently, the local Animal Health Service has noticed haematophagous bats feeding from humans and domestic animals, as well as bat colonies located in houses and public schools. In 2007, two non‐haematophagous bats were tested positive by direct immunofluorescence for rabies in a nearby city. Native fauna and environmental laws protect non‐haematophagous bats in Brazilian preserved areas such as Guaraqueçaba, making non‐haematophagous bat population control almost impossible. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to evaluate a simple and feasible educational protocol applied by a multi‐institutional task force in local elementary schools to prevent rabies transmitted b... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4687374 Tue, 05 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4687374 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4665765&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2011.01401.x SummaryMost emerging infectious diseases are zoonotic, yet recent commissions have highlighted deficiencies in their surveillance. We conducted a survey to understand the needs of state agencies for zoonotic disease surveillance. The findings will hopefully support the development of biomedical informatics applications that can link animal and human data for surveillance. (Source: Zoonoses and Public Health) Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4665765 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4665765 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4665764&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2011.01402.x SummaryFollowing the introduction of a national abattoir‐based monitoring programme for Salmonella in pigs, advisory visits were made to pig farms in England and Wales with high Salmonella seroprevalence assessed by muscle tissue fluid (meat juice) ELISA. Samples (n = 15 790), including pooled pen floor faeces (n = 12 136), were collected for Salmonella culture from 296 farms, between October 2003 and February 2008. Salmonella was isolated from 4489 (28%) of all samples collected, including 3301 (27%) of pooled pen floor faecal samples, from 270 (91%) of farms visited. Salmonella Typhimurium and S. Derby were the most prevalent serovars, representing 64% and 16% of isolates serotyped, respectively. The main phage types of S. Typhimurium identified were U288 and DT193. Antimic... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4665764 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4665764 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4508575&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2011.01399.x We describe a case of B. melitensis infection in a Tennessee soldier following deployment in Iraq. Initial symptoms included knee and back pain. Culture of an aspirate of the left sacroiliac joint yielded B. melitensis. Genetic analysis indicated that this isolate came from the Middle East. Investigation of laboratory workers identified risky exposures and positive serology prompting post‐exposure prophylaxis. Military personnel and other travellers should be advised to reduce risk regarding food consumption and animal contact in endemic areas. Additionally, medical providers should remain vigilant for non‐endemic zoonoses among recent travellers. (Source: Zoonoses and Public Health) Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4508575 Tue, 22 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4508575 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4508574&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2011.01389.x SummaryAnimal shelter workers are a vulnerable population whose exposure to zoonotic disease may be greater compared with the general population. The aim of this project was to identify baseline zoonotic disease knowledge of animal shelter workers and to develop and evaluate zoonotic disease awareness training. Ten animal shelters in six western states were randomly selected. One hundred and eleven trainees were evaluated by identical pre‐ and post‐training tests. Training topics included identification of clinical signs, susceptible species, and transmission of disease to animals and to humans. Zoonotic diseases included rabies, plague, leptospirosis, internal parasites, methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and salmonella. A statistically significant difference in over... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4508574 Tue, 22 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4508574 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4508573&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2011.01391.x In conclusion, H1N1 influenza viruses were more dominant in the pig population than H3N2 influenza viruses in central China, and infection with avian‐like H1N1 viruses persistently emerged in the swine population in the area. (Source: Zoonoses and Public Health) Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4508573 Tue, 22 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4508573 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4478792&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2011.01390.x We report the earliest recognized fatality associated with laboratory‐confirmed pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) influenza in a domestic cat in the United States. The 12‐year old, indoor cat died on 6 November 2009 after exposure to multiple family members who had been ill with influenza‐like illness during the peak period of the fall wave of pH1N1 in Pennsylvania during late October 2009. The clinical presentation, history, radiographic, laboratory and necropsy findings are presented to assist veterinary care providers in understanding the features of this disease in cats and the potential for transmission of infection to pets from infected humans. (Source: Zoonoses and Public Health) Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4478792 Tue, 15 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4478792 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4478791&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2011.01396.x SummaryTwo Corynebacterium strains were isolated from lymph nodes of wild boars showing severe alterations caused by caseous lymphadenitis. The wild boars came from different districts in southern Germany; one was found dead, the other had been shot. The two Corynebacterium strains obtained were both positive for phospholipase D. Further analysis of biochemical profiles did not allow unambiguous differentiation between Corynebacterium ulcerans and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. Fourier‐transformed infrared spectroscopy as well as partial sequencing of the genes for 16S rRNA and RNA polymerase beta subunit (rpoB) clearly identified both strains as Corynebacterium ulcerans. The tox gene for diphtheria toxin (DT) could be detected in both porcine isolates by PCR. Partial DNA sequencing... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4478791 Tue, 15 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4478791 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4478790&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2011.01392.x SummaryStaphylococcus aureus is one of the most common causes of infection in people and is increasingly recognized in dogs. The increasing prevalence of methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is complicating the treatment of these infections. Panton Valentine leukocidin (PVL), a toxin involved in the pathogenesis of necrotic syndromes in people may be partially responsible for the rise of MRSA. Canine and human S. aureus from the same geographic area are genetically similar, indicating a common population and likely transmission. The implications of increasing antimicrobial resistance complicated by interspecies transmission, necessitates including both dogs and humans in S. aureus resistance surveillance studies. A collection of 126 S. aureus isolates from people (n = 99) and... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4478790 Tue, 15 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4478790 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4478789&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2011.01393.x This study was conducted to evaluate incidence and seasonal trends of rabies in dogs and other domestic animals in Bhutan from 1996 to 2009. Time series analysis approach was used to determine the seasonal trend and temporal association between species‐specific rabies cases in animals. A total of 814 rabies cases were reported during the 14‐year period, of which cattle and domestic dogs accounted for 55% (447/814) and 39% (317/814) of the cases, respectively. The remaining 6% of the cases (50/814) were reported in horses (2%), cats (2%), pigs (1%) and goats (1%). Rabies cases were reported throughout the year with more reports during spring and summer months. The annual patterns of cases were stable from 1996 to 2005, but the incidence increased during 2006 and 2008. Fifty‐nine of th... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4478789 Tue, 15 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4478789 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4478788&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2011.01397.x SummaryChlamydophila felis is a causative agent of acute or chronic conjunctivitis, and pneumonia in cats. Natural transmission mostly occurs consequently to close contact with other infected cats, their aerosol and fomites. We have examined 93 cats with symptoms of acute or chronic conjunctivitis, from Košice region in Slovakia, during the period of 2 years. Conjunctival samples were obtained from 55 domestic cats (59.14%) and 38 stray cats (40.86%). Of the total number of 93 examined animals, 42 cats were positive, which represents 45.16% overall positivity. Out of the 42 positive cats, 25 cats were stray and 17 positive cats were classified as domestic, which means that of 38 stray cats, 25 were positive (which represented 65.78% positivity) and of 55 domestic cats, 17 were positive ... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4478788 Tue, 15 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4478788 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4420446&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2011.01394.x This study was aimed at determining the cause of the diseases in five horses exhibiting symptoms of fever, joint oedema and ataxia and thrombocytopenia. The PCR technique revealed the presence in the blood of 16S RNA Anaplasma/Ehrlichia spp. genetic material. DNA amplification with primers EHR 521 and EHR 747 gave a product with a size of 247 bp. The sequence of the PCR product obtained showed a 97.6–99.6% similarity with a sequence of a fragment of 16S RNA Anaplasma phagocytophilum, gene number EU 090186 from GenBank. Intravenous administration of oxytetracycline at a dose of 8 mg/kg of body mass for 7 days resulted in a gradual recovery. (Source: Zoonoses and Public Health) Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4420446 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4420446 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4415828&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2011.01395.x SummaryToxoplasmosis is one of the most important zoonotic diseases worldwide and is caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. Besides vertical infection during pregnancy, humans can get infected post‐natally either by peroral uptake of sporulated Toxoplasma oocysts or by ingestion of tissue cysts upon consumption of raw or undercooked meat. The aim of this study was to approximate the risk of human infection via meat consumption by estimating the seroprevalence of T. gondii in slaughtered animals in Switzerland and to compare data with prevalences assessed 10 years ago. The study included pigs, cattle, sheep and wild boar of different age groups and housing conditions whenever possible and applicable. A P‐30‐ELISA was used to detect T. gondii‐specific antibodies and to determin... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4415828 Mon, 31 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4415828 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4415827&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2011.01398.x SummaryMethicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) is increasingly reported in small animals and cases of human infections have already been described despite its recent emergence in veterinary practice. We investigated the prevalence of MRSP and methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among small animal dermatologists attending a national veterinary conference in Italy. Nasal swabs were obtained from 128 veterinarians, seven of which harboured MRSP (n = 5; 3.9%) or MRSA (n = 2; 1.6%). A follow‐up study of two carriers revealed that MRSP persisted for at least 1 month in the nasal cavity. Methicillin‐susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) was isolated from 32 (25%) conference participants, whereas methicillin‐susceptible S. pseudintermedius (MSSP) was ... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4415827 Mon, 31 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4415827 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4356960&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2010.01387.x SummaryEpidemics often result in organizational, policy and technical changes within a country. In 1999, an epidemic of campylobacteriosis was reported in Iceland. The recent availability of fresh poultry products in the marketplace was suggested as the source of infection. This paper reports on the context of the epidemic, reviews interventions implemented to prevent campylobacteriosis, and discusses lessons learned. A retrospective study of interventions implemented in Iceland from June 1995 to December 2007 was conducted by interviewing key informants and reviewing Iceland’s literature. Cumulative incidence rates of domestic campylobacteriosis by year and average incidence rates per epidemic period were calculated. Interventions included on‐farm surveillance of Campylobacter, produc... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4356960 Mon, 17 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4356960 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4339461&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2010.01386.x This study focused on three classes of determinants, namely: agricultural, population‐level and beach characteristics for a total of 19 specific factors. The study was designed as a retrospective observational analysis and factors were assessed using logistic regression methods. From the multivariable analysis, the data suggested that the percentage of land used for spreading liquid manure was a significant factor associated with the presence of AMR E. coli (OR = 27.73). Conceptually, broad factors potentially influencing the presence of AMR bacteria in water must be assessed specifically in addition to factors associated with general microbial contamination. Presence of AMR E. coli in recreational waters from beaches in southern Quebec may represent a risk for people engaging in wat... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4339461 Thu, 13 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4339461 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4339460&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2010.01383.x SummaryThe aim of this study was to assess the diversity of thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. isolated from turkey flocks at six rearing farms 1–2 weeks prior to slaughter (360 faecal swab samples) and from 11 different stages at the slaughterhouse (636 caecal, environmental, neck skin and meat samples). A total of 121 Campylobacter isolates were identified to species level using a multiplex PCR assay and were typed by pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and flaA‐short variable region (SVR) sequencing. All Campylobacter isolates were identified as Campylobacter jejuni. PFGE analysis with KpnI restriction enzyme resulted in 11 PFGE types (I–XI) and flaA SVR typing yielded in nine flaA‐SVR alleles. The Campylobacter‐positive turkey flocks A, C and E were colonized by a limi... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4339460 Thu, 13 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4339460 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4339459&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2010.01384.x SummaryTo estimate the public and animal health risk that alien species pose, the prevalence of Salmonella, Yersinia, and Campylobacter spp. in feral raccoons (Procyon lotor, n = 459) and masked palm civets (Paguma larvata, n = 153), which are abundant alien species in Japan, was investigated in urban and suburban areas of Japan. Salmonella enterica was detected from 29 samples [26 raccoons, 5.7%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 7.8–3.5%; three masked palm civets, 2.0%, 95% CI 4.2–0%]. Many of the isolates belonged to serovars that are commonly isolated from human gastroenteritis patients (e.g. S. Infantis, S. Typhimurium, and S. Thompson). The antimicrobial susceptibility test showed that 26.9 % of the isolates from raccoons were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent, whe... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4339459 Thu, 13 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4339459 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4310746&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2010.01385.x In this study, we built a simulation model for cross‐contamination during poultry processing focusing on Campylobacter contamination at the individual carcass level. Using this model, we examined changes in the prevalence of contaminated carcasses and the number of Campylobacter per carcass after processing. As a result, it was found that the prevalence and number of Campylobacter after processing were largely influenced by the number of Campylobacter on the contaminated carcasses before processing. In the baseline model, where it was assumed that the mean number of Campylobacter on contaminated carcasses before processing was 4.7 log10 cfu per carcass, the prevalence after processing was less than that before processing. Although the median value of Campylobacter on contaminated carca... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4310746 Wed, 05 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4310746 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4310745&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2010.01388.x AbstractWith an extensive data set on visits made to control the H7N7 avian influenza epidemic in the Netherlands in 2003 we investigate the potential role of the persons involved in the control activities as vectors for disease transmission. We hypothesized that people can spread the virus on the same day mechanically, or till 10 days if they have become infected themselves. Taken into account was the estimated time of introduction of the virus into a poultry flock back‐calculated from mortality data. We identified 19 visits from a person that went on the same day from an infected (source) farm to a (target) farm that was before infection and a further 197 visits were made to (target) farms that remained uninfected. Of the 19 visits, eight were made within 3 days before an infection... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4310745 Wed, 05 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4310745 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4310744&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2010.01382.x SummarySpotted fever is a disease caused by bacteria from the genus Rickettsia of the spotted fever group (SFG). Rickettsia rickettsii is likely the main agent of Brazilian spotted fever (BSF). With the objective of gathering information on the circulation of SFG rickettsiae in Londrina, Parana state, ticks from dogs and horses and also blood from dogs, horses and humans were collected in a neighbourhood of the city which presented potential for circulation of rickettsiae between hosts and vectors. Amblyomma cajennense, Dermacentor nitens, and Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks were subjected to Polymerase Chain Reaction targeting a fragment of the Rickettsia gltA gene. This specific gene encodes the enzyme citrate synthase of Rickettsia spp., and results on all ticks were negative. Human and ... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4310744 Wed, 05 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4310744 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4243058&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2010.01379.x SummaryHuman dirofilariosis is a relatively rare infection caused by filarial worms of the genus Dirofilaria. We herein report the first case of human subcutaneous dirofilariosis in the southeastern part of Serbia. A complete alive nematode was removed from a nodule in the periorbital region of a 50‐year‐old woman. The nematode was morphologically identified as a D. repens‐like immature female. The diagnosis was confirmed with molecular methods. The patient was probably infected in the South‐East Serbia as she had not travelled abroad, nor in other parts of Serbia such as Vojvodina, recently identified as a hyperendemic area for D. repens infection of dogs. (Source: Zoonoses and Public Health) Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4243058 Mon, 06 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4243058 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4180394&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2010.01377.x (Source: Zoonoses and Public Health) Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4180394 Fri, 19 Nov 2010 06:14:06 +0100 4180394 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4176579&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2010.01381.x The papers listed on pages 523 to 524 are available online only under this volume and issue 523‐524 number at wileyonlinelibrary.com. All papers can be viewed in an internet browser or downloaded as a PDF (Source: Zoonoses and Public Health) Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4176579 Thu, 18 Nov 2010 06:48:46 +0100 4176579 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4176578&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2010.01380.x The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of Salmonella in the environment in animal shelters. From 12 to 25 samples were taken from each shelter to represent environmental contamination. Samples were collected from surfaces in areas used by animals and in public access areas including animal receiving rooms, kennels, paediatric wards, treatment, visitation rooms, isolation, euthanasia, outdoor runs and play areas, reception rooms, animal transport vehicles, offices, break rooms and restrooms. Samples were tested for Salmonella and compared within shelters to identify high‐ and low‐risk areas; and between shelters to identify differences in environmental contamination by geographical location, infection control policies, and shelter size characteristics. Twenty‐eight... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4176578 Thu, 18 Nov 2010 06:48:08 +0100 4176578 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4062647&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2010.01374.x Summary (Source: Zoonoses and Public Health) Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4062647 Thu, 30 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4062647 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4079099&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2010.01375.x Summary (Source: Zoonoses and Public Health) Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4079099 Tue, 31 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4079099 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4062646&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2010.01376.x Summary (Source: Zoonoses and Public Health) Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4062646 Tue, 31 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4062646 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4037941&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2010.01373.x Summary (Source: Zoonoses and Public Health) Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4037941 Tue, 31 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4037941 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4019820&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2010.01371.x Summary (Source: Zoonoses and Public Health) Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4019820 Tue, 31 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4019820 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4019819&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2010.01368.x Summary (Source: Zoonoses and Public Health) Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4019819 Tue, 31 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4019819 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4015034&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2010.01370.x Summary (Source: Zoonoses and Public Health) Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4015034 Tue, 31 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4015034 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4006253&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2010.01372.x Summary (Source: Zoonoses and Public Health) Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4006253 Tue, 31 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4006253 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4006252&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2010.01347.x Summary (Source: Zoonoses and Public Health) Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4006252 Tue, 31 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4006252 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4006251&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2009.01267.x Summary (Source: Zoonoses and Public Health) Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4006251 Tue, 31 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4006251 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3999830&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2010.01369.x Summary (Source: Zoonoses and Public Health) Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3999830 Tue, 31 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3999830 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3999829&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2010.01352.x Summary (Source: Zoonoses and Public Health) Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3999829 Tue, 31 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3999829 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3974555&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2010.01353.x Summary (Source: Zoonoses and Public Health) Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3974555 Tue, 31 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3974555 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3917309&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2010.01337.x (Source: Zoonoses and Public Health) Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3917309 Tue, 31 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3917309 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3909311&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2010.01348.x (Source: Zoonoses and Public Health) Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3909311 Sat, 28 Aug 2010 06:29:01 +0100 3909311 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3878594&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2010.01350.x (Source: Zoonoses and Public Health) Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3878594 Thu, 19 Aug 2010 06:29:50 +0100 3878594 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3860057&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2010.01329.x (Source: Zoonoses and Public Health) Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3860057 Fri, 13 Aug 2010 06:26:49 +0100 3860057 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3917311&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2010.01335.x (Source: Zoonoses and Public Health) Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3917311 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3917311 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3917310&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2010.01351.x (Source: Zoonoses and Public Health) Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3917310 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3917310 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3860060&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2010.01349.x (Source: Zoonoses and Public Health) Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3860060 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3860060 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3860059&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2010.01334.x (Source: Zoonoses and Public Health) Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3860059 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3860059 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3860058&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2010.01346.x (Source: Zoonoses and Public Health) Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3860058 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3860058 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3836853&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2008.01214.x Summary (Source: Zoonoses and Public Health) Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3836853 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3836853 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3836852&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2008.01216.x Summary (Source: Zoonoses and Public Health) Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3836852 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3836852 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3836851&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2009.01258.x Summary (Source: Zoonoses and Public Health) Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3836851 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3836851 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3752026&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2010.01339.x Salmonella is, after Campylobacter, the most reported zoonotic pathogen in the EU. Poultry are a common source of infection to humans, and turkey flocks are commonly colonized with the organism. We investigated the prevalence and risk factors of Salmonella infection in 179 houses in 60 holdings representative of turkey meat and breeder production in Great Britain. From each holding, up to four houses were chosen, and two consecutive flocks per house were sampled/tested for Salmonella to investigate the persistence, elimination and introduction of Salmonella in consecutive crops. At the first sampling, the overall flock-level Salmonella prevalence was 32.8% and 8.9% for meat and breeding flocks respectively. There was a higher prevalence of Salmonella in flocks in the rearing stage than in ... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3752026 Wed, 14 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3752026 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3743087&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2010.01344.x The objective of this study was to analyse the occurrence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in three dairy herds in the southwest of Germany that had experienced individual cases of clinical and subclinical mastitis associated with MRSA. The herds were identified by the detection of MRSA during routine resistance testing of mastitis pathogens. All quarters of all cows in the herds that were positive on California Mastitis Test were sampled for bacteriological analysis on two occasions. Bulk tank milk samples were also tested. Furthermore, nasal swabs were collected from people working on the farms and from cattle. Environmental samples were collected from associated pig holdings. Isolates were characterized using spa-typing and testing for antimicrobial resistance. Our ... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3743087 Sun, 11 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3743087 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3725516&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2010.01345.x The prevalence of Salmonella infection was determined in a group of spur-thighed tortoises (Testudo graeca) seized during two smuggling attempts and in a population of captive Hermann's tortoises (Testudo hermanni) sheltered in a wildlife rescue centre. Salmonella spp. was isolated in 81 of 220 (36.8%) and in 17 of 67 (25.4%) cloacal swabs collected from the T. graeca and T. hermanni tortoises respectively. Overall, a total of 21 different Salmonella serotypes were found. Some of these serotypes are common to terrestrial chelonians while others have never been reported. All cultured serotypes were non-typhoidal but nonetheless many of these have been previously reported as source of human outbreaks of reptile-related salmonellosis. Eighty-two per cent and 5.3% of the isolates were resistan... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3725516 Mon, 05 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3725516 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3725517&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2010.01341.x Switzerland implemented a risk-based monitoring of Swiss dairy products in 2002 based on a risk assessment (RA) that considered the probability of exceeding a microbiological limit value set by law. A new RA was launched in 2007 to review and further develop the previous assessment, and to make recommendations for future risk-based monitoring according to current risks. The resulting qualitative RA was designed to ascertain the risk to human health from the consumption of Swiss dairy products. The products and microbial hazards to be considered in the RA were determined based on a risk profile. The hazards included Campylobacter spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, coagulase-positive staphylococci and Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin. The ... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3725517 Sun, 04 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3725517 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3836820&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2010.01345.x (Source: Zoonoses and Public Health) Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3836820 Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3836820 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3836819&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2010.01344.x (Source: Zoonoses and Public Health) Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3836819 Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3836819 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3712018&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2010.01343.x Surveillance programmes for low pathogenicity (LPAI) and high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) infections in poultry are compulsory for EU Member States; yet, these programmes have rarely been evaluated. In Italy, following a 1999 HPAI epidemic, control measures, including vaccination and monitoring, were implemented in the densely populated poultry area (DPPA) where all epidemics in Italy have been concentrated. We evaluated the monitoring system for its capacity to detect outbreaks rapidly in meat-type turkey flocks. The evaluation was performed in vaccination areas and high-risk areas in the DPPA, in 2000[ndash]2005, during which four epidemics occurred. Serum samples and cloacal swabs were taken from vaccinated birds and unvaccinated (sentinel) birds. We compared the detection rate... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3712018 Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3712018 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3712019&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2010.01342.x Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is the aetiological agent of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), a potentially fatal central nervous system infection of humans. TBE is endemic in many areas of Europe and Asia; however, very scarce data on TBEV activity are available from Turkey. We aimed to identify TBEV exposure in healthy blood donors and the impact of TBEV in central nervous system infections in Central/Northern Anatolia. Two-thousand four hundred and fifty four sera, collected from blood donors at Ankara, Konya, Eskişehir and Zonguldak branches of the Turkish Red Crescent Middle Anatolia Regional Blood Center, were analysed for TBEV serosurveillance. Paired serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples from 108 patients with the diagnosis of aseptic meningitis/encephalitis of unknown ae... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3712019 Tue, 29 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3712019 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3693002&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2010.01340.x This study evaluated MRSA colonization in piglets in a longitudinal manner. Serial nasal swabs were collected from piglets born to 10 healthy sows. The prevalence of MRSA colonization on days 1, 3, 7, 14 and 21 was 1% (1/100), 6.2% (3/97), 8.5% (8/94), 4.4% (4/91) and 20% (18/91) respectively, with an overall pre-weaning prevalence of 34.5%. The prevalence on days 28, 42, 56 and 70 was 34% (31/91), 65% (57/88), 50% (44/88) and 42% (36/87) respectively, with an overall post-weaning prevalence of 85%. Eighty-four percent of piglets from negative sows and 100% of piglets from positive sows that survived at least until the time of weaning were colonized with MRSA at one or more times during the study. There was a significant association between sow and piglet colonization. The age of the pigle... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3693002 Thu, 24 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3693002 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3654113&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2010.01336.x Toxoplasma gondii is a worldwide zoonotic protozoan parasite and pork is considered the major meat source of Toxoplasma infection in humans. To determine the prevalence of infection of Toxoplasma gondii in pigs reared in the Umbria Region (Central Italy), blood samples of 960 pigs from 10 different farms (96 for each farm) were randomly collected and tested for antibodies (IgG) against T. gondii using an IFA assay. Sera were screened at 1/16 titrr and the endpoint titre was determined. Farm management questionnaires were completed and used to develop descriptive statistics on the tested farms as well as to determine measures of association for risk factors for the presence of T. gondii-seropositive pigs. A total of 155 seropositive pigs (16.14%) were identified; within herds prevalence ran... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3654113 Fri, 11 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3654113 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3836826&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2010.01340.x (Source: Zoonoses and Public Health) Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3836826 Mon, 31 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3836826 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3836822&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2010.01342.x (Source: Zoonoses and Public Health) Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3836822 Mon, 31 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3836822 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3836821&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2010.01343.x (Source: Zoonoses and Public Health) Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3836821 Mon, 31 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3836821 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3616143&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2010.01338.x Clostridium difficile (CD), Salmonella, Campylobacter and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) are major causes of morbidity in a variety of enteric diseases in humans and animals, but subclinical carriage in both is probably more common than are clinical cases. Little is known regarding the prevalence of these pathogens in animals raised for exhibit at Michigan county fairs or the frequency with which Michigan citizens raising these animals may have been subclinically colonized. To address these issues, 361 fecal specimens from 158 humans and 203 of their farm animals were cultured for CD, Salmonella and Campylobacter. Additionally, 50 people and their cattle were tested for EHEC. No EHEC, Salmonella or Campylobacter were detected. However, 16 specimens (4.4%) were positive for CD: 1... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3616143 Mon, 31 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3616143 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3616145&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2010.01328.x This study was designed to evaluate the association of potential zoonotic gastroenteritis in children, and specifically giardiasis, salmonellosis and campylobacteriosis, with environmental risk factors in rural areas of Quebec. Notified cases of gastroenteritis in children of 0[ndash]4 years of age reported in the period of 1999 through 2006 from municipalities in southern Quebec with (Source: Zoonoses and Public Health) Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3616145 Sun, 30 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3616145 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3616144&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2010.01333.x The objective of this study was to evaluate herd characteristics and management practices associated with presence of Salmonella in the farm environment and in bulk tank milk (BTM) in US dairy herds. Herd management data, environmental culture, BTM and in-line milk filter polymerase chain reaction results for Salmonella from 260 US dairy herds surveyed during the National Animal Health Monitoring System Dairy 2007 study were analysed. Herd characteristics and management practices were screened by univariate analysis, and selected variables were used to construct a logistic regression model to identify factors associated with the presence of Salmonella in environmental samples. To identify factors associated with the occurrence of Salmonella in BTM and milk filters, a priori selected variab... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3616144 Sun, 30 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3616144 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3591212&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2010.01330.x The objectives of this study were (i) to evaluate the effects of several different disinfectant solutions on embryonic development of Toxocara canis eggs and (ii) to investigate the potential infectivity of exposed eggs by assessing larval establishment in various tissues in a murine model. All the disinfectants tested were products routinely used in veterinary clinics, kennels, animal shelters and laboratories. Ova were obtained from gravid female T. canis uteri. Thirty samples containing 10 000 eggs were divided into five groups of six identical sample tubes per group. The treatments for the groups were as follows: Group H benzalconium chloride, Group A 70% ethanol, Group B 2[ndash]2.5% sodium hypochlorite solution, Group L 7.99% formaldehyde-based disinfectant and Group C tap water (con... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3591212 Sun, 23 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3591212 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3591211&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2010.01332.x Toxoplasma gondii and Trypanosoma cruzi are zoonotic protozoan parasites that cause disseminated infections in many vertebrate species. The present study determined the seroprevalence of T. gondii and Tr. cruzi in a population of dogs from Virginia. Serum samples were tested from 90 domestic dogs collected from animal shelters in Virginia. Using an indirect immunofluorescent antibody test, sera were examined at a 1 : 50 dilution and antibodies to T. gondii were found in 19 dogs (21%). Antibodies to Tr. cruzi were determined by qualitative immunochromatographic dipstick assay. One (1%) of the 90 dogs had Tr. cruzi antibodies and it was also seropositive for T. gondii. Our findings indicate that dogs are frequently exposed to T. gondii in Virginia, but that antibodies to Tr. cruzi are rare i... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3591211 Sun, 23 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3591211 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3558076&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2010.01331.x A systematic review approach was used to evaluate the association between sub-therapeutic antibiotics in feed and Salmonella Typhimurium isolation in market-weight finisher swine raised in modern swine production systems. Fourteen challenge trials described the efficacy of different antibiotics after challenge with S. Typhimurium. The studies identified were of limited evidentiary value for the review question because they were not relevant to the review question, i.e. conducted in artificial settings on small numbers of young pigs. None of the studies reported using blinding during outcome assessment. No antibiotic regimen was evaluated more than once. The association between sub-therapeutic antibiotics and Salmonella outcomes in market-weight swine raised in modern production systems can... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3558076 Wed, 12 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3558076 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3836825&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2010.01328.x (Source: Zoonoses and Public Health) Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3836825 Fri, 30 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3836825 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3836824&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2010.01338.x (Source: Zoonoses and Public Health) Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3836824 Fri, 30 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3836824 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3836823&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2010.01331.x (Source: Zoonoses and Public Health) Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3836823 Wed, 31 Mar 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3836823 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3340487&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2009.01270.x Several highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza viruses were isolated from swine populations in Fujian Province, China, since 2001. Because it is thought that H5N1 infection in pigs might result in virus adaptation to humans, we surveyed swine populations in Fujian Province in 2004 and 2007 for serological evidence of the infection. Twenty-five pig farms covering all nine administrative districts of Fujian Province were sampled and a total of 1407 serum specimens were collected. The haemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests revealed no evidence of H5 infection and only a few cases of H9 infection. The negative results for H5 infection were further verified by micro-neutralization tests. By contrast, H1 influenza virus infections were prevalent in swine in both surveys according to the results... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3340487 Mon, 08 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3340487 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3340486&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2010.01326.x In this study, multiple import events for H5N1 viruses were confirmed during 2006 and 2007. In addition, our findings argue against an existing HPAI H5N1 reservoir in aquatic birds in Bavaria. By contrast, phylogenetic analyses of the H5 or N1 sequences of low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses revealed a marked diversity and multiple genetic lineages. This diversity of LPAI H5 and N1 subtype components indicates the existence of LPAI HA and NA gene pools which differ from the Bavarian HPAI H5N1. Moreover, the hemagglutinin amino acid differences between LPAI H5 viruses of a western European genotypic lineage observed in wild birds suggest a continuous evolution of LPAI viruses in Bavaria. (Source: Zoonoses and Public Health) Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3340486 Mon, 08 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3340486 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3340485&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2010.01327.x In this study, a total of 402 samples (173 cloacal swab samples, 169 tracheal swab samples and 60 organ pools including the lung, spleen, liver, trachea and brain) obtained from 27 different wild avian species from Kizilirmak delta and the adjacent wetlands in northern Turkey were surveyed for the presence of RNA from Avian influenza virus (AIV) and West Nile virus (WNV) by Taqman-based real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay. No WNV genomic RNA was detected in any sample. In contrast, AIV RNA was found in two of 402 samples (0.49%). (Source: Zoonoses and Public Health) Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3340485 Mon, 08 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3340485 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3304278&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2009.01323.x In this study, we investigated risk factors associated with the probability to detect Salmonella in samples of litter collected within 2 h prior to new flock placement in 76 grow-out houses on 38 conventional broiler farms located in the US states of Mississippi, Alabama and Texas. We evaluated characteristics of location and layout of the farm; area adjacent to and surrounding the house; house construction; condition and type of equipment in the house; litter management and other production, sanitation, visitation and biosecurity practices; non-broiler animal species on the farm; and weather conditions on the 3 days leading up to flock placement. Logistic regression was used to model the relationships between probability to detect Salmonella in litter and potential risk factors. In the sc... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3304278 Thu, 25 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3304278 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3304277&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2010.01324.x Salmonellosis is largely a major foodborne disease. However, contact with animals particularly reptiles, has been increasingly recognized as a risk factor for Salmonella infection among children. The major risk factors for salmonellosis in Michigan children have not been assessed. Therefore, we have evaluated the association between Salmonella infections and contact with animals among Michigan children aged [le]10 years by conducting a population-based case[ndash]control study. A total of 123 children with laboratory-confirmed Salmonella infections and 139 control children, who had not experienced symptoms of gastrointestinal illness during the month prior to the interviews, were enrolled. A multivariable analysis matched on age group revealed that children with Salmonella infections had r... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3304277 Thu, 25 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3304277 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3304276&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2010.01325.x Optimistic bias refers to the tendency of individuals to believe that they are less likely to experience negative events compared with other people. Individuals who perceive their risk of an adverse health event to be low may not be as receptive to informational messages aimed at disease prevention. Our objective was to estimate the magnitude of optimistic bias for acute gastrointestinal illness, and to describe demographic associations with, and reasons for, individuals' perception of personal risk. Data were obtained by a retrospective, cross-sectional telephone survey of 2057 randomly selected English-speaking residents of Ontario, Canada conducted between May 2005 and April 2006. Data were collected on the occurrence of acute gastrointestinal illness during the 28 days prior to the sur... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3304276 Thu, 25 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3304276 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3277610&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2009.01322.x Echinococcus multilocularis is highly endemic in red foxes in southern Belgium (region of Wallonia), especially in the higher located forested areas. The north of Belgium, including the regions of Flanders and Brussels, is more urbanized and has been colonized entirely by red foxes since the 1980s. A temperospatial analysis of compiled epidemiological data from 1996 to 2003 predicted a northwest spread of the cestode from Wallonia and the Netherlands towards Flanders and Brussels (Prev. Vet. Med. 2006, 76, 137[ndash]150). In 2007[ndash]2008, none of 187 examined foxes from the north tested positive ( (Source: Zoonoses and Public Health) Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3277610 Wed, 17 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3277610 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3277617&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2009.01309.x The modern concept of zoonosis considers any detriment to the health and/or quality of human life resulting from relationships with (other) vertebrate or edible or toxic invertebrate animals. Whereas exposure to toxicants through foods of animal origin (a.o.) is a well-established issue, hereby we discuss it as novel zoonoses, from the standpoints of health implications as well as similarities and differences with classical zoonoses caused by biological agents. Novel toxicant-related zoonoses are linked with new issues in food safety, such as the environment-feed-food chain. In fact, the potential effect of the combined and repeated exposure to dietary toxicants is generally long-term and not readily discernible. Endocrine disrupting chemicals in staple foods of a.o. are discussed as a tel... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3277617 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3277617 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3277616&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2009.01316.x In this study, the hard ticks collected from a variety of mammalian species (cattle, sheep, goat, buffalo) and a turtle in either coastal or inland Black Sea region of Turkey were surveyed for the presence of RNA from Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) and West Nile virus (WNV). No WNV genomic RNA was detected in any tick sample. However, CCHFV RNA was found in 29 of 421 tick pools (6.88%). Positivity rates for the provinces varied and were as follows: Samsun 4.38%; Ordu 4.34%; Giresun 6.32%; Sinop 14.63%; Amasya 5.55%; Tokat 3.38% and Sivas 4.83%. Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus genomic RNA was detected in seven of eleven tick species tested. These results suggest that these hard ticks may act as a reservoir for CCHFV in northern Turkey, but probably have no role in WNV... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3277616 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3277616 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3277615&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2009.01317.x Orf virus, pseudocowpox virus and bovine papular stomatitis virus, are parapoxviruses, associated with domestic ruminants, which are capable of causing cutaneous infections in humans. Owing to virtually identical appearances in humans, clinical differentiation of these viruses is difficult. We discuss three recent occurrences of parapoxvirus infection, involving contact with domestic bovine and use a combination of molecular and epidemiological data in the diagnosis. These cases underscore the utility of modern diagnostic tools, along with species-specific contact information in acquiring a definitive diagnosis, in the case of suspected parapoxvirus infection. (Source: Zoonoses and Public Health) Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3277615 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3277615 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3277614&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2009.01318.x The 2008 case presented here of tularaemia in a cat and its owner occurred in an urban setting and was associated with animal contact, a relatively rare mode of transmission in Minnesota in recent years. Response to this case exemplified a 'One Health' approach involving pre-existing relationships, cooperation between multiple disciplines and laboratory infrastructure that facilitated information sharing. (Source: Zoonoses and Public Health) Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3277614 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3277614 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3277613&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2009.01319.x Zoonotic diseases are infectious diseases transmittable between animals and humans and outbreaks of these diseases in animals can signify that humans are also infected (or vice versa). Thus, communication between animal and human health agencies is critical for surveillance. Understanding how these agencies conduct surveillance and share information is important for the development of successful automated zoonotic monitoring systems. Individual interviews were conducted with 13 professionals who perform animal or human zoonotic disease surveillance in one of the New England states. Questions centred on existing surveillance methods, collaborations between animal and human health agencies, and technological and data needs. The results showed that agencies routinely communicate over suspecte... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3277613 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3277613 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3277612&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2009.01320.x The purpose of this study was to determine pet-related management factors that may be associated with the presence of Salmonella spp. in feces of pet dogs from volunteer households. From October 2005 until May 2006, 138 dogs from 84 households in Ontario were recruited to participate in a cross-sectional study. Five consecutive daily fecal samples were collected from each dog and enrichment culture for Salmonella spp. was performed. A higher than expected number of the dogs (23.2%; 32/138) had at least one fecal sample positive for Salmonella, and 25% (21/84) of the households had at least one dog shedding Salmonella. Twelve serotypes of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica were identified, with the predominant serotypes being Typhimurium (33.3%; 13/39), Kentucky (15.4%; 6/39), Brandenburg ... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3277612 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3277612 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3277611&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2009.01321.x We conducted nationwide West Nile virus (WNV) surveillance targeting mosquitoes and dead birds to reveal whether the virus and its potential vectors are present in Japan. A total of 12 766 mosquitoes and 230 dead birds were collected in April 2004[ndash]March 2005 (the 2004[ndash]2005 period), 10 755 mosquitoes and 267 dead birds in April 2005[ndash]March 2006 (the 2005[ndash]2006 period), and 8624 mosquitoes and 245 dead birds in April 2006[ndash]March 2007 (the 2006[ndash]2007 period). The species of most of the mosquitoes collected over the 3 years were Culex tritaeniorhynchus (47.82%) and Anopheles sinensis (28.49%), and other species included Aedes albopictus (6.75%), the Culex pipiens group (Cx. pipiens pallens and Cx. pipiens molestus: 5.37%), Aedes vexans nipponii (2.54%), Armigere... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3277611 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3277611 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3836832&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2009.01316.x (Source: Zoonoses and Public Health) Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3836832 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3836832 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3836831&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2009.01322.x (Source: Zoonoses and Public Health) Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3836831 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3836831 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3836830&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2009.01317.x (Source: Zoonoses and Public Health) Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3836830 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3836830 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3836829&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2009.01320.x (Source: Zoonoses and Public Health) Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3836829 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3836829 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3836828&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2009.01319.x (Source: Zoonoses and Public Health) Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3836828 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3836828 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3836827&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2010.01324.x (Source: Zoonoses and Public Health) Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3836827 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3836827 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3161245&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2009.01311.x The objective of this project was to modify the CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) statement to reflect the unique aspects of reporting these livestock trials. A 2-day consensus meeting was held on 18[ndash]19 November 2008 in Chicago, IL, USA, to achieve the objective. Prior to the meeting, a Web-based survey was conducted to identify issues for discussion. The 24 attendees were biostatisticians, epidemiologists, food-safety researchers, livestock-production specialists, journal editors, assistant editors and associate editors. Prior to the meeting, the attendees completed a Web-based survey indicating which CONSORT statement items may need to be modified to address unique issues for livestock trials. The consensus meeting resulted in the production of the REFLECT (Repor... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3161245 Tue, 12 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3161245 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3161244&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2009.01312.x Concerns about the completeness and accuracy of reporting of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and the impact of poor reporting on decision making have been documented in the medical field over the past several decades. Experience from RCTs in human medicine would suggest that failure to report critical trial features can be associated with biased estimated effect measures, and there is evidence to suggest that similar biases occur in RCTs conducted in livestock populations. In response to these concerns, standardized guidelines for reporting RCTs were developed and implemented in human medicine. The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement was first published in 1996, with a revised edition published in 2001. The CONSORT statement consists of a 22-item checklist for ... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3161244 Tue, 12 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3161244 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3116922&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2009.01315.x This study evaluates the delivery, uptake and costs of the programme in three counties of England. A questionnaire survey was completed by consultants in public health in all the Primary Care Trusts in Norfolk, Suffolk and Cambridgeshire in May 2007. The delivery of the programme varied between Primary Care Trusts, including being delivered in some cases by clinics in primary care, by general practitioners and occupational health services in others. The uptake of vaccination was low ranging from 7% to 29% at a cost of £29 to £132 per person vaccinated. Vaccination of poultry workers as a public health measure to prevent an influenza pandemic is likely to be ineffective with the level of coverage found in this evaluation in our region. (Source: Zoonoses and Public Health) Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3116922 Thu, 24 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3116922 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3116934&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2009.01300.x Since 2003, two communities in eastern Arizona have experienced a sustained outbreak of Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF), caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, associated with transmission by Rhipicephalus sanguineus, the brown dog tick; 70 human cases, including eight deaths, were reported from these communities during 2003 through 2008. In both of the affected communities, antibodies to spotted fever group rickettsiae (SFGR) were present in dogs before the notice of the first human cases, suggesting that dogs may serve as useful sentinels for human risk of RMSF in this region. During 2005 and 2006, an exploratory serosurvey was conducted among stray and relinquished dogs presenting to animal control facilities in eastern Arizona located outside the area where human cases had been reported.... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3116934 Wed, 23 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3116934 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3116933&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2009.01301.x This study presents the results of the virological surveillance for swine influenza viruses (SIVs) in Belgium, UK, Italy, France and Spain from 2006 to 2008. Our major aims were to clarify the occurrence of the three SIV subtypes [ndash] H1N1, H3N2 and H1N2 [ndash] at regional levels, to identify novel reassortant viruses and to antigenically compare SIVs with human H1N1 and H3N2 influenza viruses. Lung tissue and/or nasal swabs from outbreaks of acute respiratory disease in pigs were investigated by virus isolation. The hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) subtypes were determined using standard methods. Of the total 169 viruses, 81 were classified as 'avian-like' H1N1, 36 as human-like H3N2 and 47 as human-like H1N2. Only five novel reassortant viruses were identified: two H1N1 viru... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3116933 Wed, 23 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3116933 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3116932&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2009.01302.x Discussion: Long-term care resident animals may acquire MRSA. Clonally related strains were identified over the 8-week sampling period. It is unclear if pets serve as an on-going source of infection to their human companions in long-term care facilities. (Source: Zoonoses and Public Health) Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3116932 Wed, 23 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3116932 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3116931&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2009.01303.x After 10 years, West Nile virus (WNV) re-emerged in Italy in August 2008. As on 31 December 2008, the infection affected eight Provinces in three Regions (Emilia Romagna, Veneto, Lombardy), where a total of 794 cases of WNV infection in 251 equine stables were detected on the basis of the clinical signs and as a result of a serological screening in horses living in the area. Only 4.0% (32/794) of the serologically positive animals showed clinical signs, and the 32 clinical cases were reported in 18 different farms. The observed case-fatality rate was 15.6% (5/32). The confirmed clinical cases were detected from end August to mid October. Significant levels of positivity by RT-PCR were also observed in magpies (Pica pica) (9.1%, 95% confidence levels: 6.1[ndash]13.4%), carrion crows (Corvus... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3116931 Wed, 23 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3116931 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3116930&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2009.01304.x Molecular characterization of Giardia duodenalis cysts from humans and animals living in well-defined contexts is useful to study the circulation of isolates and represents a tool to evaluate zoonotic infection risk. The presence of giardiasis in children living in a disadvantaged and socially deprived small Rom community, as well in dogs roaming freely in the same context was carried out by microscopic analysis and beta-giardin gene amplification. Five out of 14 children were found positive at microscopic examination for G. duodenalis and six positive at PCR, while eight out of 14 dogs tested both microscopically and molecularly positive for G. duodenalis. Moreover, most of the children and dogs were symptomatic. Molecular characterization of Giardia positive samples from children and dog... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3116930 Wed, 23 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3116930 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3116929&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2009.01305.x The present study was undertaken to determine the occurrence, distribution and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Salmonella serovars in slaughter beef cattle, slaughterhouse environment and personnel engaged in flaying and evisceration during slaughtering process. A total of 800 samples (each sample type, n = 100) consisting of swabs from hides, slaughterhouse personnel hands at flaying and evisceration, rumen and caecal contents, mesenteric lymph nodes, carcasses and holding pens were collected. Of the total 100 beef cattle examined, 14% were Salmonella positive in caecal content and/or mesenteric lymph nodes. Of the various samples analysed, Salmonella was detected in 31% of hides, 19% of rumen contents, 8% of mesenteric lymph nodes, 6% of caecal contents, 2% of carcass swabs, 9% of p... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3116929 Wed, 23 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3116929 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3116928&cid=s_35860_20_f&fid=35860&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1863-2378.2009.01306.x In Tunisia, rabies continues to be considered as a serious public health concern. Very costly mass vaccination of dogs against rabies and expensive post-exposure prophylaxis are prerequisites to maintain a low level of human rabies cases. In Tunisia, the implementation of mass vaccination campaigns at the national level has undoubtedly contributed to the drop of rabies endemicity, but the overall outcome is rather suboptimal. In this investigation, we wanted to estimate the extent of the vaccination coverage in dogs in three Governorates (Manouba, Kassrine and Mednine), by collecting data through questionnaires and interviews relevant to 1470 owned dogs. When the campaign is correctly applied, as in Manouba, almost all the targeted dog population can be reached by parenteral vaccination an... Zoonoses and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3116928 Wed, 23 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3116928