MedWorm: Anatomy Top 20

Dorsal fronto-parietal connections of the human brain: a fiber dissection study of their composition and anatomical relationships.

Anatomical Record — Wed, 18 Jan 2012 14:42:21 +0100

Authors: Maldonado IL, Mandonnet E, Duffau H Abstract Fiber dissection of the deep white matter of a human left cerebral hemisphere (lateral view). See Figure 2 in Maldonado et al., on page 189, in this issue. PMID: 22238152 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Anatomical Record)

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Correlation of ct aortography measurements of infrarenal aortic aneurysms and body mass index in preprocedural evaluation for endovascular repair

Clinical Anatomy — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractThe aim of this study is to analyze the morphological differences of infrarenal aortic aneurysms and common iliac arteries that are important for endovascular management between patients of different body mass index using 64 slice multidetector row CT aortography. This was a multicenter study of 100 patients (50 Europeans and 50 Japanese). All patients had risk factors, manifest symptoms, and ultrasound verified aneurysmal dilation of the infrarenal aorta. All examinations were performed on the same CT platform using the same post‐processing protocols. Due to the heterogeneity of the population, several statistical models were used. Significant differences were found in morphological parameters of infrarenal aorta in relation to BMI. In over one out of three patients with BMI les...

Unilateral hyperplasia of lamina and spinous process of C6 vertebra: case report

Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 06:54:53 +0100

We report a 20-year-old male patient who was admitted to our emergency clinic after a traffic accident and who suffered from neck pain. Radiographic examination of the cervical spine showed hypertrophy of the left lamina and hypertrophy and elongation of the left spinous process of the sixth cervical vertebra (C6). A computed tomography scan revealed the associated schisis of the spinous process at the same level. Magnetic resonance imaging scan demonstrated no abnormality of the neural elements. The patient underwent a surgical operation due to persistent neck pain and the local aesthetic abnormality. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Anatomic VariationsPages 1-4DOI 10.1007/s00276-012-0934-yAuthors Burak Kazanci, Neurosurgery Clinic, Ministry of Health, Sevket Yilmaz Educati...

Can “YouTube” help students in learning surface anatomy?

Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy — Wed, 25 Jan 2012 18:14:44 +0100

Conclusions Currently, YouTube is an inadequate source of information for learning surface anatomy. More work is needed from medical schools and educators to add useful videos on YouTube covering this area. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Teaching AnatomyPages 1-4DOI 10.1007/s00276-012-0935-xAuthors Samy A. Azer, Curriculum Development and Research Unit, Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine, King Saud University, PO Box 2925, Riyadh, 11461 Saudi Arabia Journal Surgical and Radiologic AnatomyOnline ISSN 1279-8517Print ISSN 0930-1038 (Source: Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy)

Foot anomalies and proximal symphalangism

Clinical Anatomy — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

We report the case of a 2‐week‐old girl born at term (by vaginal delivery and without antenatal or perinatal events) who was referred as having “bilateral talipes and bilateral proximal symphalangism of little and ring fingers.” The “talipes” was atypical with marked equinus and varus, but no cavus or adductus of the midfoot. Her mother had both symphalangism (absence of proximal interphalangeal joints) of middle, ring, and little fingers bilaterally and fixed pes planus with a rigid fixed hindfoot—and these deformities had also been present from birth. The maternal grandmother was similarly affected. However, the neonatal subject has an unaffected older sibling; maternal siblings are also unaffected. The three affected people did not have other obvious musculoskeletal abnorm...

Pericardiocentesis: A clinical anatomy review

Clinical Anatomy — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractThe safe and successful performance of pericardiocentesis demands a working and specific knowledge of anatomy. Misunderstanding of anatomy may result in failure or serious complications. This review attempts to aid understanding of the anatomical framework, pitfalls, and complications of pericardiocentesis. Pericardiocentesis is carried out for aspiration of blood from the pericardial cavity in cases of cardiac tamponade and symptomatic pericardial effusion. In addition, this technique may be used for the diagnosis of neoplastic effusions, purulent pericarditis, and introduction of cytotoxic agents into the pericardial space. Most complications of the procedure are due to the needle penetrating the heart and surrounding structures such a coronary arteries, lungs, stomach, colon, an...

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Dorsal Fronto‐Parietal Connections of the Human Brain: A Fiber Dissection Study of Their Composition and Anatomical Relationships

The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist — Thu, 12 Jan 2012 12:15:04 +0100

AbstractFiber dissection of the deep white matter of a human left cerebral hemisphere (lateral view). See Figure 2 in Maldonado et al., on page 189, in this issue. (Source: The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist)

The role of viral and bacterial pathogens in gastrointestinal cancer

Journal of Cellular Physiology — Thu, 13 Mar 2008 04:00:00 +0100

The association of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) with gastric cancer is thus far the best understood model to comprehend the causal relationship between a microbial pathogen and cancer in the human gastrointestinal tract. Besides H. pylori, a variety of other pathogens are now being recognized as potential carcinogens in different settings of human cancer. In this context, viral causes of human cancers are central to the issue since these account for 10-20% of cancers worldwide. In the case of H. pylori and gastric cancer, as well as the human papillomavirus and anal cancer, the causal relationship between the infectious agent and the related cancer in the gastrointestinal tract has been clearly confirmed by epidemiological and experimental studies. Similarly, Epstein-Barr virus and the ...

Jacob B. Winslow (1669–1760)

Clinical Anatomy — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractJacob Winslow was a Dutch born, French naturalized anatomist and physician whose contributions to medicine are abundant. His importance to medicine is undisputed. His personal life included a religious crisis that resulted in his estrangement from his family, but afforded him patrons in Paris to continue his work. Following this conversion, he changed his name to that of his catechist and was rechristened Jacques Benigne Wilson. His respect as an expert was well deserved, and he held several prominent positions during his career in Paris. His main work, Exposition anatomique de la structure du corps humain, was published in 1732 and is considered the first purely anatomical treatise. This review highlights his contributions to anatomy and medicine through the course of his career. ...

Anatomical survey of terminal branching patterns of superficial branch of radial nerve in fetuses

Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 06:46:18 +0100

Conclusions Detailed knowledge of the distribution patterns of terminal branches of superficial branch of radial nerve in hand will enhance the success rate of regional blocks or hand surgeries and minimize the postoperative complications due to injury to nerve or vascular structures. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-6DOI 10.1007/s00276-012-0932-0Authors Richa Gupta, Department of Anatomy, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), # 123-C Type, Sector 24-A, Chandigarh, 160023 IndiaAnjali Aggarwal, Department of Anatomy, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), # 123-C Type, Sector 24-A, Chandigarh, 160023 IndiaDaisy Sahni, Department of Anatomy, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Educat...

Congenital bilateral absence of the flexor digitorum longus muscle

Clinical Anatomy — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: Clinical Anatomy)

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Influence of knee flexion and femoral cross-pin insertion angle on posterolateral structures of the knee and lateral fixation lengths during ACL reconstruction

Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy — Tue, 10 Jan 2012 17:00:46 +0100

Conclusions The cross-pin was inserted close to the LCL and PT, and a downward 30° angle was the safest insertion angle. Lateral fixation length was sufficient for the cross-pin fixation in the 10:30- or 1:30-positioned femoral tunnel. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-5DOI 10.1007/s00276-011-0922-7Authors Jin Goo Kim, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul Paik Hospital, Inje University, Seoul, KoreaYong Seuk Lee, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Gachon University School of Medicine, Gil Hospital, 117, Yong-dong, Jung-gu, Incheon, 400-713 KoreaJeong Ku Ha, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul Paik Hospital, Inje University, Seoul, KoreaSung Soo Jun, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Gachon University School of Medicine, Gil Hospital,...

The historical evolution of the understanding of the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands

Clinical Anatomy — Sun, 18 Dec 2011 01:15:29 +0100

We describe the history and background of these political, religious, and philosophical factors. Next, we present a translation of the original texts, describing the establishment of the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands. We place these translations into historical context and comment on their naming propriety. Initially we translate the works of the 15th century anatomists. Next, we look at the discovery and description of the submandibular gland's duct by Thomas Wharton (1614–1673) in his landmark book, Adenographia sive glandularum totius corporis descriptio (Adenographia or the description of the glands of the entire body) (1656). Next, the somewhat unexpected discovery of the duct of the parotid gland by Nicholas Stenson (1638–1686) and his publication, De glandulis ori...

Hippocampal Subregions are Differentially Affected in the Progression to Alzheimer's Disease.

Anatomical Record — Sat, 24 Dec 2011 01:46:58 +0100

Authors: Greene SJ, Killiany RJ, Abstract Atrophy within the hippocampus (HP) as measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a promising biomarker for the progression to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Subregions of the HP along the longitudinal axis have been found to demonstrate unique function, as well as undergo differential changes in the progression to AD. Little is known of relationships between such HP subregions and other potential biomarkers, such as neuropsychological (NP), genetic, and cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) beta amyloid and tau measures. The purpose of this study was to subdivide the hippocampus to determine how the head, body, and tail were affected in normal control, mild cognitively impaired, and AD subjects, and investigate relationships with HP subregions and ...

Comment on “Anatomical variations of the human sural nerve and its role in clinical and surgical procedures” by Eid and Hegazy

Clinical Anatomy — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: Clinical Anatomy)

Kinetic analyses as a critical parameter in defining the side population (SP) phenotype.

Experimental Cell Research — Mon, 07 May 2007 21:21:16 +0100

Authors: Ibrahim SF, Diercks AH, Petersen TW, van den Engh G The side population (SP) phenotype has been reported as a method to identify hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow based upon differential staining with the fluorescent dye, Hoechst 33342. This technique has drawn great interest in the stem cell community, as it may provide a simple approach to the enrichment of progenitor cells from a variety of normal and malignant tissues. The frequency of these cells and their performance in functional assays has varied considerably within the literature. To investigate mechanisms that may contribute to the SP phenotype, we measured the fluorescence emission of Hoechst-stained bone marrow cells as a function of both time and dye concentration using a custom flow cytometer and data a...

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Human Misato regulates mitochondrial distribution and morphology.

Experimental Cell Research — Sun, 15 Apr 2007 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Kimura M, Okano Y Misato of Drosophila melanogaster and Saccharomyces cerevisiae DML1 are conserved proteins having a homologous region with a part of the GTPase family that includes eukaryotic tubulin and prokaryotic FtsZ. We characterized human Misato sharing homology with Misato of D. melanogaster and S. cerevisiae DML1. Tissue distribution of Misato exhibited ubiquitous distribution. Subcellular localization of the protein studied using anti-Misato antibody suggested that it is localized to the mitochondria. Further experiments of fractionating mitochondria revealed that Misato was localized to the outer membrane. The transfection of Misato siRNA led to growth deficiencies compared with control siRNA transfected HeLa cells, and the Misato-depleted HeLa cells showed apoptot...

Regulation of transient receptor potential channels of melastatin type 8 (TRPM8): Effect of cAMP, cannabinoid CB(1) receptors and endovanilloids.

Experimental Cell Research — Mon, 07 May 2007 21:21:16 +0100

Authors: De Petrocellis L, Starowicz K, Moriello AS, Vivese M, Orlando P, Di Marzo V The transient receptor potential channel of melastatin type 8 (TRPM8), which is gated by low (<25 degrees C) temperature and chemical compounds, is regulated by protein kinase C-mediated phosphorylation in a way opposite to that observed with the transient receptor potential channel of vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1), i.e. by being desensitized and not sensitized. As TRPV1 is sensitized also by protein kinase A (PKA)-mediated phosphorylation, we investigated the effect of two activators of the PKA pathway, 8-Br-cAMP and forskolin, on the activity of menthol and icilin at TRPM8 in HEK-293 cells stably overexpressing the channel (TRPM8-HEK-293 cells). We also studied the effect on TRPM8 of: (1) a series of c...

Gadd45a, the gene induced by the mood stabilizer valproic acid, regulates neurite outgrowth through JNK and the substrate paxillin in N1E-115 neuroblastoma cells.

Experimental Cell Research — Mon, 07 May 2007 21:21:16 +0100

Authors: Yamauchi J, Miyamoto Y, Murabe M, Fujiwara Y, Sanbe A, Fujita Y, Murase S, Tanoue A Valproic acid (VPA), a mood stabilizer and anticonvulsant, has a variety of neurotrophic functions; however, less is known about how VPA regulates neurite outgrowth. Here, using N1E-115 neuroblastoma cells as the model, we show that VPA upregulates Gadd45a to trigger activation of the downstream JNK cascade controlling neurite outgrowth. VPA induces the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and the substrate paxillin, while VPA induction of neurite outgrowth is inhibited by JNK inhibitors (SP600125 and the small JNK-binding peptide) or a paxillin construct harboring a Ser 178-to-Ala mutation at the JNK phosphorylation. Transfection of Gadd45a, acting through the effector MEKK4, leads...

High tolerance to apoptotic stimuli induced by serum depletion and ceramide in side-population cells: High expression of CD55 as a novel character for side-population.

Experimental Cell Research — Mon, 07 May 2007 21:21:16 +0100

Authors: Xu JX, Morii E, Liu Y, Nakamichi N, Ikeda J, Kimura H, Aozasa K Cancer stem cells are supposed to be resistant to apoptosis, but information for this is quite limited. Cancer stem cells are usually isolated as dye-effluxing cells with Hoechst 33342 staining, called side-population (SP) cells. Because Hoechst 33342 dye itself induces apoptosis, the SP cells isolated by such method are not suitable for evaluation of apoptosis. For accurate assessment, SP cells must be isolated without Hoechst 33342. Here, we found that CD55 was highly expressed in SP cells of two mammary gland carcinoma cell lines. Then, the high expression of CD55 was used for isolation of cancer stem cells among mammary carcinoma cell lines as a surrogate character. Cells expressing high level of CD55 (CD55(hi...