MedWorm: Anatomy

Lung Separation in the Morbidly Obese Patient

Advances in Urology — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 12:46:42 +0100

Lung separation techniques in the morbidly obese patient undergoing thoracic or esophageal surgery may be at risk of complications during airway management. Access to the airway in the obese patient can be a challenge because they have altered airway anatomy, including a short and redundant neck, limited neck extension and accumulation of fat deposition in the pharyngeal wall contributing to difficult laryngoscopy. Securing the airway is the first priority in these patients followed by appropriate techniques for lung separation with the use of a single-lumen endotracheal tube and a bronchial blocker or another alternative is with the use of a double-lumen endotracheal tube. This review is focused on the use of lung isolation devices in the obese patient. The recommendations are based upon ...

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Spaghetti western reveals differences between human and monkey brains

Guardian Unlimited Science — Sun, 05 Feb 2012 18:03:00 +0100

A 'neurocinematic' comparison provides clues about evolution of the human brainMonkeys are closely related to us and their brains have long served as an indispensable model for understanding how our own brain works. But we're separated from each other by millions of years of evolution, so there are some major differences between their brains and ours. On the one hand, we can't assume that the results from experiments on their brains can be generalized to humans. But on the other, a better understanding of our differences can provide important clues about the evolutionary forces that shaped the human brain. A new method may help to overcome some of the difficulties in comparing the human and monkey brains. To test the method, researchers scanned the brains of humans and macaque monkeys whil...

Brassinosteroid regulates stomatal development by GSK3-mediated inhibition of a MAPK pathway

Nature AOP — Sun, 05 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Tae-Wuk Kim, Marta Michniewicz, Dominique C. Bergmann & Zhi-Yong Wang Plants must coordinate the regulation of biochemistry and anatomy to optimize photosynthesis and water-use efficiency. The formation of stomata, epidermal pores that facilitate gas exchange, is highly coordinated with other aspects of photosynthetic development. The signalling pathways controlling stomata development are not fully understood, although mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling is known to have key roles. Here we demonstrate in Arabidopsis that brassinosteroid regulates stomatal development by activating the MAPK kinase kinase (MAPKKK) YDA (also known as YODA). Genetic analyses indicate that receptor kinase-mediated brassinosteroid signalling inhibits stomatal development through the ...

Colon Anatomy (Cross Section)

About.com Colon Cancer — Sun, 05 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

The colon is about six feet long and is the part of the body's digestive system that moves waste material from the small intestine to the rectum. The colon is comprised of four distinct layers: the mucosa, the submucosa, the muscularis externa (two thick bands of muscle), and the serosa. Learn more about each in this colon anatomy gallery. (Source: About.com Colon Cancer)

Jacqueline Rose: a life in writing

Guardian Unlimited Science — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 22:55:08 +0100

'Victimhood is something that happens but when you turn it into an identity you're psychically and politically finished'One day, Jacqueline Rose came across a troubling passage in Proust's A la recherche du temps perdu. The narrator, Marcel, lies beside his sleeping lover Albertine and masturbates against her. "It seemed to me at those moments," writes Proust in Carol Clark's recent Penguin translation, "that I possessed her more completely, like an unconscious part of dumb nature." Professor Rose, feminist and psychoanalytic critic, bristled. "I thought 'This is ridiculous – she'd have woken up by now!' I had my feminist reaction – which is not my most obvious default position – which is just let the woman speak."So Rose decided to awaken Proust's lover from her implausible slumber....

[ST NetWatch] EMAP: The e-Mouse Atlas Project

Signal Transduction Knowledge Environment — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 17:34:08 +0100

Explore mouse anatomy and spatial patterns of gene expression. (Source: Signal Transduction Knowledge Environment)

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MDCT of abdominal wall lumbar hernias: anatomical review, pathologic findings and differential diagnosis

Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 17:12:01 +0100

Conclusions Currently available MDCT provides an excellent opportunity for reviewing the normal anatomy of the wall lumbar region and may be considered a useful modality for evaluating lumbar hernias. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Anatomic Bases of Medical, Radiological and Surgical TechniquesPages 1-9DOI 10.1007/s00276-012-0937-8Authors Joaquín Martín, Department of Radiology, Hospital Reina Sofía, Ctra Tarazona km 3, 31500 Tudela, Navarra, SpainJosé María Mellado, Department of Radiology, Hospital Reina Sofía, Ctra Tarazona km 3, 31500 Tudela, Navarra, SpainSusana Solanas, Department of Radiology, Hospital Reina Sofía, Ctra Tarazona km 3, 31500 Tudela, Navarra, SpainNerea Yanguas, Department of Radiology, Hospital Reina Sofía, Ctra Tarazona km 3, 315...

Development and Implementation of a Web-Enabled 3D Consultation Tool for Breast Augmentation Surgery Based on 3D-Image Reconstruction of 2D Pictures

Journal of Medical Internet Research — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: We tested our tool for 3D, Web-based, patient-specific consultation in the clinical scenario of breast augmentation. This example shows that the current state of development allows for creation of responsive and effective Web-based, 3D medical tools, even with highly complex and time-consuming computation, by off-loading them to a dedicated high-performance data center. The efficient combination of advanced technologies, based on analysis and understanding of human anatomy and physiology, will allow the development of further Web-based reconstruction and predictive interfaces at different scales of the human body. The consultation tool presented herein exemplifies the potential of combining advancements in the core areas of computer science and biomedical engineering with the ...

Computer tomographic evaluation of talar edge configuration for osteochondral graft transplantation

Clinical Anatomy — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractTo successfully surgically reconstruct osteochondral lesions of the talus, the exact three‐dimensional (3D) configuration of the upper articular surface of the talus has to be respected. We assessed the talar geometry by measuring the coronal and sagittal talar edge radius and the frontal talar profile in multiplanar reconstructions of computer tomographic (CT) studies of 79 patients (83 feet) with a healthy ankle joint. An image visualization software designated for coordinate measurement was used to perform the measurement. In the coronal plane, the mean lateral talar edge radius was 4.0 mm and the medial 4.5 mm. In the sagittal planes the mean lateral talar edge radius was 20.3 mm, the radius of the sulcus 20.7 mm and the medial talar edge radius 20.4 mm. The talus showed a co...

Pericardial Diseases

Current Problems in Cardiology — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 14:05:58 +0100

This article presents the anatomy and physiology of pericardial disease and the clinical approach for diagnosis and treatment. (Source: Current Problems in Cardiology)

President's Page: A Transformational Troika

Journal of the American College of Cardiology — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 13:55:34 +0100

Irrespective of the field, be it religion (the 3 main Abrahamic religions, Hinduism, or Buddhism), philosophy (Hegel's dialectic), physics (baryon), chemistry (atomic constituents), or anatomy (human light perception), the underlying structure of 3's has been accorded considerable attention. (Source: Journal of the American College of Cardiology)

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Dynamic FDG PET for assessing early effects of cerebral hypoxia and resuscitation in new-born pigs

European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 06:55:54 +0100

Conclusion Dynamic FDG PET detected decreased cerebral glucose metabolism early after perinatal hypoxia in piglets. The decrease in CMRgl may indicate early changes of mild cerebral hypoxia–ischaemia. No significant effect of hyperoxic resuscitation on the degree of hypometabolism was found in this early phase after hypoxia. Cerebral FDG PET can provide new insights into mechanisms of perinatal hypoxic–ischaemic injury where early detection plays an important role in instituting therapy. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-8DOI 10.1007/s00259-011-2055-yAuthors Charlotte de Lange, Department of Paediatric Research, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, P.O. Box 4950, Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, NorwayEirik Malinen, Department of Medical Physi...

The anatomic study of clival screw fixation for the craniovertebral region

European Spine Journal — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 06:54:53 +0100

Conclusions Clival screw placement is a viable option for craniovertebral fixation. There is a safe scope for the screw length and angle of the screw placement. And, these parameters obtained in the present study will be helpful for anyone contemplating the use of clival screw fixation. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Chinese sectionPages 1-9DOI 10.1007/s00586-012-2151-0Authors Wei Ji, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, 109 Xueyuanxi Road, Wenzhou, 325000 People’s Republic of ChinaXiang-Yang Wang, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, 109 Xueyuanxi Road, Wenzhou, 325000 People’s Republic of ChinaHua-Zi Xu, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Second Affi...

Compatibility of the HINTEGRA prostheses with Korean ankles as evaluated on the basis of cadaveric measurements

Clinical Anatomy — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to obtain anatomical measurements of the distal tibia and talus of Korean ankles and to evaluate, based on those measurements, the compatibility of the HINTEGRA prostheses in the context of total ankle replacement (TAR). We measured the length, width, height, and angles of the distal tibia and talus of 51 cadavers and compared these measurements with the corresponding dimensions of the HINTEGRA prostheses. The male ankles were larger than the female ones as was expected, but their overall shapes did not differ, which fact validates use of the prostheses irrespective of patients' sex. The dimensions of the talus itself did not differ significantly from those previously reported for American whites and blacks and South African whites. This might suggest ...

A recurrent variant branch of the inferior alveolar nerve: Is it unique?

Clinical Anatomy — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

In this study, a recurrent variant branch of the IAN arising just below the origin of the mylohyoid nerve was investigated in adult Indian cadavers allotted for dissection to the first year dental students of Government Dental College, Ahmedabad (India). The dissection was performed by the lateral approach to the infratemporal fossa. The nerve was found in 12 of 35 sides (34.3%) and 8 of 18 cadavers (44.4%). Thus, in our study it was not a rare variation of the IAN, where in most cases it innervated the lateral pterygoid muscle. In some cases, it terminated in the lateral pterygoid muscle. In others, it penetrated the muscle to join the anterior or posterior division of the mandibular nerve or its branches; thus, the variant nerve in such cases might be regarded as an additional root of th...

Transhilar Passage in Right Graft Live Donor Liver Transplantation: Intrahilar Anatomy and Its Impact on Operative Strategy

American Journal of Transplantation — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

The passage through the hilar plate during right graft live donor liver transplantation (LDLT) can have dangerous consequences for both donors and recipients. The purpose of our study was to delineate hilar transection and biliary reconstruction strategies in right graft LDLT, with special consideration of central and peripheral hilar anatomical variants. A total of 71 consecutive donors underwent preoperative three‐dimensional (3D) CT reconstructions and virtual 3D hepatectomies. A three‐modal hilar passage strategy was applied, and its impact on operative strategy analyzed. In 68.4% of cases, type I and II anatomical configurations allowed for an en block hilar transection with simple anastomotic reconstructions. In 23.6% of cases, donors had “difficult” type II and types III/IV ...

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Relationship Between Proximal Femoral and Acetabular Alignment in Normal Hip Joints Using 3-Dimensional Computed Tomography

The American Journal of Sports Medicine — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: This study demonstrates that a correlation exists between multiple proximal femoral and acetabular angles in normal hip joints. These findings support the hypothesis that a complementary developmental relationship occurs between the femoral head and acetabulum. Clinical Relevance: The results of this study suggest that, in some patients, what is thought to be pathological acetabular retroversion may actually be normal anatomy with a compensated femoral version. Investigating the relationship between these angles in patients with the signs and symptoms of pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement may alter a surgeon’s approach to this patient population. (Source: The American Journal of Sports Medicine)

Histone deacetylases 2 and 9 are coexpressed and nuclear localized in human molar odontoblasts in vivo

Histochemistry and Cell Biology — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 17:13:14 +0100

Abstract Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are components of nuclear multiprotein complexes that deacetylate histones and perform important roles in repression of transcription. Using specific rabbit mAbs, we analyzed by immunohistochemistry and confocal immunofluorescence analysis the expression and subcellular localization of HDAC1–4 and HDAC9 in sections of adult human third molars. HDAC2 and HDAC9 were expressed in some pulpal cells and strongly expressed in the majority of mature odontoblasts. In contrast, only weak expression of HDAC1, HDAC3 and HDAC4 was observed. Confocal immunofluorescence analysis together with the DNA stain DRAQ5 revealed that HDAC2 and HDAC9 were coexpressed within the odontoblast nucleus, but localized to distinct subnuclear structures. In contra...

Comparative tight junction protein expressions in colonic Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, and tuberculosis: a new perspective

Virchows Archiv — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 17:11:52 +0100

Abstract We intended to see the pattern of TJ protein expression along with ultrastructural changes in colonic biopsies from patients with Crohn’s disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), and tuberculosis (cTB). Colonic biopsies from 11 patients with active CD and ten patients each with active UC and untreated cTB were taken along with biopsies from six patients with irritable bowel syndrome as controls. These were evaluated for expression pattern of key TJ proteins which included claudin-2 as TJ pore-forming protein, claudin-4 as pore-sealing protein, ZO-1 as scaffold protein, and occludin as TJ protein related to cell migration and polarity. Claudin-2 expression was upregulated along the whole length of intercellular junction (ICJ) in biopsies from patients with active C...

A retrospective review of pituitary MRI findings in children on growth hormone therapy

Pediatric Radiology — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 17:09:46 +0100

Conclusion Children with multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies were more likely to have the classic triad than children with isolated growth hormone deficiency. A normal MRI was the most common finding in children with isolated growth hormone deficiency. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-6DOI 10.1007/s00247-012-2349-7Authors Sarah L. Tsai, Division of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Canada K1H 8L1Eoghan Laffan, Pediatric Radiology, Children’s University Hospital, Dublin 1, IrelandSarah Lawrence, Division of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Canada K1H 8L1 Journal Pediatric RadiologyOnline ISS...

Single-Center Experience with Pediatric Laparoscopic Extravesical Reimplantation: Safe and Effective in Simple and Complex Anatomy

Journal of Laparoendoscopic — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 16:19:58 +0100

Journal of Laparoendoscopic & Advanced Surgical Techniques Jan 2012, Vol. 22, No. 1: 102-106. (Source: Journal of Laparoendoscopic)

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Mom's Love Good For Child's Brain

Health News from Medical News Today — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 08:00:00 +0100

School-age children whose mothers nurtured them early in life have brains with a larger hippocampus, a key structure important to learning, memory and response to stress. The new research, by child psychiatrists and neuroscientists at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, is the first to show that changes in this critical region of children's brain anatomy are linked to a mother's nurturing. Their research is published online in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Early Edition... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Three-dimensional and molecular analysis of the arterial pole of the developing human heart.

Journal of Anatomy — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Sizarov A, Lamers WH, Mohun TJ, Brown NA, Anderson RH, Moorman AF Abstract Labeling experiments in chicken and mouse embryos have revealed important roles for different cell lineages in the development of the cardiac arterial pole. These data can only fully be exploited when integrated into the continuously changing morphological context and compared with the patterns of gene expression. As yet, studies on the formation of separate ventricular outlets and arterial trunks in the human heart are exclusively based on histologically stained sections. So as to expand these studies, we performed immunohistochemical analyses of serially sectioned human embryos, along with three-dimensional reconstructions. The development of the cardiac arterial pole involves several parallel and...

The use of design-based stereology to evaluate volumes and numbers in the liver: a review with practical guidelines.

Journal of Anatomy — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Marcos R, Monteiro RA, Rocha E Abstract Stereology offers a number of tools for the analysis of sections in microscopy (which usually provide only two-dimensional information) for the purpose of estimating geometric quantities, such as volume, surface area, length or number of particles (cells or other structures). The use of these tools enables recovery of the three-dimensional information that is inherent in biological tissues. This review uses the liver as a paradigm for summarizing the most commonly used state-of-the-art methods for quantitation in design-based stereology. Because it is often relevant to distinguish hyperplasia and hypertrophy in liver responses, we also focus on potential pitfalls in the sampling and processing of liver specimens for stereological pur...

Gender-based differences in the shape of the human corpus callosum are associated with allometric variations.

Journal of Anatomy — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Bruner E, de la Cuétara JM, Colom R, Martin-Loeches M Abstract The corpus callosum displays considerable morphological variability between individuals. Although some characteristics are thought to differ between male and female brains, there is no agreement regarding the source of this variation. Biomedical imaging and geometric morphometrics have provided tools to investigate shape and size variation in terms of integration and correlation. Here we analyze variations at the midsagittal outline of the corpus callosum in a sample of 102 young adults in order to describe and quantify the pattern of covariation associated with its morphology. Our results suggest that the shape of the corpus callosum is characterized by low levels of morphological integration, which explains ...

Brain Surface Conformal Parameterization With the Ricci Flow

IEE Transactions on Medical Imaging — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

In brain mapping research, parameterized 3-D surface models are of great interest for statistical comparisons of anatomy, surface-based registration, and signal processing. Here, we introduce the theories of continuous and discrete surface Ricci flow, which can create Riemannian metrics on surfaces with arbitrary topologies with user-defined Gaussian curvatures. The resulting conformal parameterizations have no singularities and they are intrinsic and stable. First, we convert a cortical surface model into a multiple boundary surface by cutting along selected anatomical landmark curves. Secondly, we conformally parameterize each cortical surface to a parameter domain with a user-designed Gaussian curvature arrangement. In the parameter domain, a shape index based on conformal invariants is...

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Anatomic Bifurcated Reconstruction of Chronic Bilateral Innominate–Superior Vena Cava Occlusion Using the Y-Stenting Technique

Annals of Vascular Surgery — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

This article presents the case of a 42-year-old man who presented with superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome due to fibrosing mediastinitis with multiple failed attempts at recanalization. We initially treated him with unilateral sharp needle recanalization of the right innominate vein into the SVC stump followed by stenting. Although his symptoms improved immediately, they did not completely resolve. Six months later, he returned with worsening symptoms, and venography revealed in-stent restenosis. The patient requested simultaneous treatment on the left side. The right stent was dilated, and a 3-cm-long occlusion of the left innominate vein was recanalized, again using sharp needle technique, homing into the struts of the right-sided stent. Following fenestration of the stent, a second stent...

Novel echocardiographic techniques to assess left atrial size, anatomy and function.

Cardiovascular Ultrasound — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) and speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) have recently applied as imaging techniques to accurately evaluate left atrial (LA) size, anatomy and function. 3DE and off-line quantification softwares, have allowed, in comparison to magnetic resonance imaging, the most time-efficient and accurate method of LA volume quantification. STE provides a non-Doppler, angle-independent and objective quantification of LA myocardial deformation. Data regarding feasibility, accuracy and clinical applications of LA analysis by 3DE and STE are rapidly gathering. This review describes the fundamental concepts of LA 3DE and STE, illustrates how to obtain respective measurements and discuss their recognized and emerging clinical applications. (Source: Cardiovascular Ul...

Applied Surgical Anatomy of the Nose

Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Although anatomy often seems static, the continual innovation of new surgical techniques and approaches, in reality, make it a dynamic field. The first essential principal of any surgery is the comprehensive knowledge of the anatomic area and its physiology. This assertion is especially true in functional and or cosmetic nasal surgery. (Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics)

Histological and ultrastructural abnormalities in murine desmoglein 2-mutant hearts

Cell and Tissue Research — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 16:45:33 +0100

Abstract Mice carrying a deletion of the adhesive extracellular domain of the desmosomal cadherin desmoglein 2 develop an arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy-like phenotype with ventricular dilation, fibrosis and arrhythmia. To unravel the sequence of myocardial alterations and to identify potential pathomechanisms, histological analyses were performed on mutant hearts from the juvenile to the adult state, i.e., between 2 and 13 weeks. At an age of 2 weeks 30% of mutants presented lesions, which were visible as white plaques on the heart surface or in the septum. From 4 weeks onwards, all mutants displayed a cardiac phenotype. Dying cardiomyocytes with calcification were found in lesions of all ages. But lesions of young mutant animals contained ...

Grisel’s syndrome: a comprehensive review with focus on pathogenesis, natural history, and current treatment options

Child's Nervous System — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 16:45:16 +0100

Conclusion GS remains a rare, but potentially lethal children condition. Early diagnosis and treatment is crucial to its management and prognosis. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Review PaperPages 1-5DOI 10.1007/s00381-012-1706-zAuthors Stephen Osiro, Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, St. George’s University, Grenada West IndiesKevin J. Tiwari, Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, St. George’s University, Grenada West IndiesPetru Matusz, Department of Anatomy, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, RomaniaJerzy Gielecki, Department of Anatomy, Medical School Varmia and Mazuria, Olsztyn, PolandR. Shane Tubbs, Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital, Birmingham, AL, USAMarios Loukas, Department...

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Erythropoietin attenuates 6-hydroxydopamine-induced apoptosis via glycogen synthase kinase 3β-mediated mitochondrial translocation of Bax in PC12 cells

Neurological Sciences — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 16:44:48 +0100

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the mechanism by which erythropoietin (EPO) suppressed 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced apoptosis. Our results showed that 6-OHDA remarkably decreased phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) as well as enhanced the level of Bax in the mitochondria. Besides, 6-OHDA decreased the mitochondrial expression of Bcl-2 without altering the cytoplasmic expression of Bcl-2. In line with these results, 6-OHDA treatment enhanced the apoptosis and caspase 3 activity in PC12 cells. These findings indicated that mitochondrial dysfunction was involved in the neurotoxicity of 6-OHDA and GSK3β might act upstream of Bax/Bcl-2 and the caspase 3 pathways in 6-OHDA-treated PC12 cells. Furthermore, EPO reduced 6-OHDA-induced gro...

Functional consequences of a section of the anterior part of the body of the corpus callosum: evidence from an interhemispheric transcallosal approach

Journal of Neurology — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 07:10:01 +0100

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the neuropsychological consequences of a middle interhemispheric approach for the removal of tumors of the third or lateral ventricles. A retrospective analysis of eight callosotomized patients for ventricular tumors (three males/five females; mean age: 48.7 ± 11.2 years; education level: 11.9 ± 2.9 years) and eight healthy subjects was performed. An extensive neuropsychological test battery was used to evaluate global intellectual efficiency, memory capacities, executive functions, and interhemispheric transfer of a procedural learning task (serial reaction time task/SRTT). Neuropsychological results showed that: (1) five of eight patients operated through a middle transcallosal approach had di...

Epigenetics and its role in male infertility

Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 07:09:40 +0100

Abstract Male infertility is a common and complex problem affecting 1 in 20 men. Despite voluminous research in this field, in many cases, the underlying causes are unknown. Epigenetic factors play an important role in male infertility and these have been studied extensively. Epigenetic modifications control a number of processes within the body, but this review will concentrate on male fertility and the consequences of aberrant epigenetic regulation/modification. Many recent studies have identified altered epigenetic profiles in sperm from men with oligozoospermia and oligoasthenoteratozoospermia. During gametogenesis and germ cell maturation, germ cells undergo extensive epigenetic reprogramming that involves the establishment of sex-specific patterns in the sperm and oo...

HCC: current surgical treatment concepts

Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 07:04:17 +0100

Conclusions The improvement of survival in HCC patients after surgical treatment results from refinements in surgical technique and better identification of adverse prognostic factors. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Review ArticlePages 1-15DOI 10.1007/s00423-012-0911-2Authors F. Cauchy, Beaujon Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Clichy, France, University Denis Diderot-Paris 7, Paris, FranceD. Fuks, Beaujon Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Clichy, France, University Denis Diderot-Paris 7, Paris, FranceJ. Belghiti, Beaujon Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Clichy, France, University Denis Diderot-Paris 7, Paris, France Journal Langenbeck's Archives of SurgeryOnline ISSN 1435-2451Print ISSN 1435-2443 (Source:...

Uberon, an integrative multi-species anatomy ontology

Genome Biology — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

A description of the Uberon ontology tool that allows comparisons of genomic information across multiple animal phyla (Source: Genome Biology)

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Early Visualization and Measurement of the Pericallosal Artery: An Indirect Sign of Corpus Callosum Development

Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions— Our data show that it is feasible to visualize and measure the pericallosal artery from an early stage of gestation, and this measurement could be an indirect indication of normal corpus callosum development. (Source: Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine)

Dose dependence and temporal evolution of the T1 relaxation time and MRI contrast in the rat brain after subcutaneous injection of manganese chloride

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractDivalent manganese ion (Mn2+) is a widely used T1 contrast agent in manganese‐enhanced MRI studies to visualize functional neural tracts and anatomy in the brain in vivo. In animal studies, Mn2+ is administered at a dose that will maximize the contrast, while minimizing its toxic effects. In rodents, systemic administration of Mn2+ via intravenous injection has been shown to create unique MRI contrast in the brain at a maximum dose of 175 mg kg−1. However, intravenous administration of Mn2+ results in faster bioelimination of excess Mn2+ from the plasma due to a steep concentration gradient between plasma and bile. By contrast, following subcutaneous injection (LD50 value = 320 mg kg−1), Mn2+ is released slowly into the bloodstream, thus avoiding immediate hepatic elimination...

Netter's Anatomy Atlas for iPad [Book and Media Reviews]

JAMA — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: JAMA)

Cephalometric analysis for microvascular head and neck reconstruction

Head and Neck — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

ConclusionWhen premorbid craniofacial anatomy cannot be discerned in the setting of extensive trauma or tumor involvement, normative dimensions may be a helpful guide for flap design and should be in the armamentarium of surgeons engaged in complex head and heck reconstruction. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012 (Source: Head and Neck)

Foot anomalies and proximal symphalangism

Clinical Anatomy — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

We report the case of a 2‐week‐old girl born at term (by vaginal delivery and without antenatal or perinatal events) who was referred as having “bilateral talipes and bilateral proximal symphalangism of little and ring fingers.” The “talipes” was atypical with marked equinus and varus, but no cavus or adductus of the midfoot. Her mother had both symphalangism (absence of proximal interphalangeal joints) of middle, ring, and little fingers bilaterally and fixed pes planus with a rigid fixed hindfoot—and these deformities had also been present from birth. The maternal grandmother was similarly affected. However, the neonatal subject has an unaffected older sibling; maternal siblings are also unaffected. The three affected people did not have other obvious musculoskeletal abnorm...

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Jacob B. Winslow (1669–1760)

Clinical Anatomy — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractJacob Winslow was a Dutch born, French naturalized anatomist and physician whose contributions to medicine are abundant. His importance to medicine is undisputed. His personal life included a religious crisis that resulted in his estrangement from his family, but afforded him patrons in Paris to continue his work. Following this conversion, he changed his name to that of his catechist and was rechristened Jacques Benigne Wilson. His respect as an expert was well deserved, and he held several prominent positions during his career in Paris. His main work, Exposition anatomique de la structure du corps humain, was published in 1732 and is considered the first purely anatomical treatise. This review highlights his contributions to anatomy and medicine through the course of his career. ...

Pericardiocentesis: A clinical anatomy review

Clinical Anatomy — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractThe safe and successful performance of pericardiocentesis demands a working and specific knowledge of anatomy. Misunderstanding of anatomy may result in failure or serious complications. This review attempts to aid understanding of the anatomical framework, pitfalls, and complications of pericardiocentesis. Pericardiocentesis is carried out for aspiration of blood from the pericardial cavity in cases of cardiac tamponade and symptomatic pericardial effusion. In addition, this technique may be used for the diagnosis of neoplastic effusions, purulent pericarditis, and introduction of cytotoxic agents into the pericardial space. Most complications of the procedure are due to the needle penetrating the heart and surrounding structures such a coronary arteries, lungs, stomach, colon, an...

Investigations on the conjunctival goblet cells and the characteristics of the glands associated with the eye in chinchillas (Chinchilla Laniger)

Veterinary Ophthalmology — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Chinchillas possess a Harderian gland, a lacrimal gland, and Meibomian glands. The GC density in the nasal and temporal palpebral conjunctiva is higher than in guinea pigs. (Source: Veterinary Ophthalmology)

Late repair of the native pulmonary valve in patients with pulmonary insufficiency after surgery for tetralogy of fallot.

The Annals of Thoracic Surgery — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 04:16:16 +0100

This article summarizes our experience with 5 patients who underwent reoperations for treatment of severe pulmonary regurgitation after transannular patch repair of tetralogy of Fallot. In each case, the intraoperative findings revealed anatomy favorable for valve repair and enabled preservation of the native pulmonary valves. PMID: 22269747 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The Annals of Thoracic Surgery)

Influence of the initial rupture size and tendon subregion on three-dimensional biomechanical properties of single-row and double-row rotator cuff reconstructions

Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 16:06:41 +0100

Conclusions The tested single-row repair using a modified suture configuration achieved superior results in three-dimensional measurements of cyclic displacement compared to the tested double-row suture-bridge repair. The results were dependent on the initial rupture size of the rotator cuff tear. Furthermore, significant differences were found between tendon subregions of the rotator cuff with significantly higher gap formation for the anterior compared to the posterior subregions. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory ShoulderPages 1-9DOI 10.1007/s00167-012-1892-yAuthors O. Lorbach, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Saarland University, Kirrberger Str, Homburg (Saar), GermanyD. Pape, Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Lu...

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Antidiabetic effect of Orchis anatolica root extracts on alloxan-induced diabetic rats

Comparative Clinical Pathology — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 06:32:07 +0100

Abstract The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of Orchis anatolica roots ethanol extraction on alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Thirty-six albino rats (200 g) were used in this experiment and divided into six groups. Diabetes was induced in five rat groups by a single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (150 mg/kg body weight). After hyperglycemia was conformed, one rat group was considered as diabetic control and one group was treated with glibenclamide (10 mg/kg body weight/daily) where the remaining three groups received daily treatments with three different doses of O. anatolica extract namely 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg body weight for 10 days. Body weight and fasting blood sugar levels were recorded throughout and by the end of the treatm...

Endoscopic Endonasal Transsphenoidal Exposure of Circle of Willis (Cw); Can It be Applied in Vascular Neurosurgery in the Near Future? A Cadaveric Study of 26 Cases.

Turkish Neurosurgery — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:02 +0100

CONCLUSION: Endoscopic endonasal extended transsphenoidal exposure of CW can make the surgeon more efficient in removing midline skullbase lesions with safe handling of different parts of circle of Willis and it may help in development of endonasal endoscopic vascular neurosurgery in the near future. PMID: 22274974 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Turkish Neurosurgery)

Improving yield by exploiting mechanisms underlying natural variation of photosynthesis.

Current Opinion in Biotechnology — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Lawson T, Kramer DM, Raines CA Abstract Increasing photosynthesis in C3 species has been identified as an approach to increase the yield of crop plants. Most of our knowledge of photosynthetic performance has come from studies in which plants were grown in controlled growth conditions but plants in natural environments have to cope with unpredictable and rapidly changing conditions. Plants adapt to the light environment in which they grow and this is demonstrated by the differences in anatomy and morphology of leaves in sun and shade leaves. Superimposed on this are the dynamic responses of plants to rapid changes in the light environment that occur throughout the day. Application of next generation sequencing (NGS), QTL analysis and innovative phenomic screening can provi...

The Virtual Fly Brain browser and query interface

Bioinformatics — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

We present an online resource that provides a convenient way to study and query fly brain anatomy, expression and genetic data. We extended the newly developed BrainName nomenclature for the adult fly brain into a logically structured ontology that relates a comprehensive set of published neuron classes to the brain regions they innervate. The Virtual Fly Brain interface allows users to explore the structure of the Drosophila brain by browsing 3D images of a brain with subregions displayed as coloured overlays. An integrated query mechanism allows complex searches of underlying anatomy, cells, expression and other data from community databases. Availability: Virtual Fly Brain is freely available online at www.virtualflybrain.org Contact: jda@inf.ed.ac.uk (Source: Bioinformatics)

Integrating human and murine anatomical gene expression data for improved comparisons

Bioinformatics — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Motivation: Information concerning the gene expression pattern in four dimensions (species, genes, anatomy and developmental stage) is crucial for unraveling the roles of genes through time. There are a variety of anatomical gene expression databases, but extracting information from them can be hampered by their diversity and heterogeneity. Results: aGEM 3.1 (anatomic Gene Expression Mapping) addresses the issues of diversity and heterogeneity of anatomical gene expression databases by integrating six mouse gene expression resources (EMAGE, GXD, GENSAT, Allen Brain Atlas data base, EUREXPRESS and BioGPS) and three human gene expression databases (HUDSEN, Human Protein Atlas and BioGPS). Furthermore, aGEM 3.1 provides new cross analysis tools to bridge these resources. Availability and impl...

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Mom's love good for child's brain

EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Washington University School of Medicine) School-age children whose mothers nurtured them early in life have brains with a larger hippocampus, a key structure important to learning, memory and response to stress. The new research, by child psychiatrists and neuroscientists at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, is the first to show that changes in this key region of children's brain anatomy are linked to a mother's nurturing. (Source: EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science)

What is the Mnemonic for the Elbow Ossification Centers?

PediatricEducation.org — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 00:11:02 +0100

Discussion Injuries to the pediatric elbow are difficult to diagnose because of the anatomy and normal growth and ossification of the elbow. Swelling, tenderness, ecchymosis, with or without deformity are common signs of fracture. Physical examination should include a careful neurovascular examination for distal pulses and capillary refill, paresthesias, increased pain with movement distal to the elbow or paralysis of the hand muscles as any of these may indicate compartment syndrome. Common radiographs obtained are AP and lateral plain radiographs. Oblique films and comparison films of the contralateral elbow are also often needed to distinguish between a fracture and normal growth plate. The alignment of the anterior humerus line and the fat pads should be reviewed as misalignment may ...

Sodium hypochlorite accident with evaluation by cone beam computed tomography

International Endodontic Journal — Sun, 29 Jan 2012 16:21:03 +0100

Behrents KT, Speer ML, Noujeim M. Sodium hypochlorite accident with evaluation by cone beam computed tomography. International Endodontic JournalAbstractAim To show the radiographic manifestation of sodium hypochlorite after accidental injection past the apical foramen and into the soft tissues.Summary A female patient was seen for an emergency visit after suffering a sodium hypochlorite accident at her general dentist’s office. The patient was seen within 1 h of the accident and was in pain associated with facial swelling. Radiographs, including a Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT), and photographs were taken. Endodontic emergency treatment was initiated. The patient was reassured and given pain medication and antibiotics. Follow‐up visits were scheduled over 6 days when t...

Three‐Dimensional Echocardiography in Congenital Heart Disease

Echocardiography — Sun, 29 Jan 2012 14:01:22 +0100

Complex intracardiac anatomy and spatial relationships are inherent to congenital heart defects (CHDs). Recognition of the limitations of two‐dimensional echocardiography has stimulated clinical interest in three‐dimensional imaging. The current review examines contemporary studies in the following areas where three‐dimensional echocardiography has provided additive value in CHD: (1) visualization of morphology, (2) quantitation of chamber sizes and ventricular function, and (3) image‐guided interventions. (Echocardiography 2012;29:242‐247) (Source: Echocardiography)

Talus measurements as a diagnostic tool for sexual dimorphism in Egyptian population

Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine — Sat, 28 Jan 2012 08:18:42 +0100

Abstract: Measurements of talus have been shown to be sexually dimorphic in South African blacks and whites and Prehistoric New Zealand Polynesians. Since several studies have demonstrated that discriminant function equations used to determine the sex of a skeleton are population specific, the purpose of the present study was to derive similar equation for the tali of Egyptians. The sample consisted of 110 tali (67 male & 43 female) whose age at death ranged between 20 and 60 years. The tali were obtained from Anatomy departments of Minia and Cairo Universities and also from Forensic Medicine department of Justice Office in Minia governates – Egypt. Twelve measurements were taken for every talus. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 16. All measurements showed significant sexual difference...

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Training in laparoscopic colorectal surgery: a new educational model using specially embalmed human anatomical specimen

Surgical Endoscopy — Sat, 28 Jan 2012 06:43:05 +0100

Conclusion The new training model for laparoscopic colorectal surgery proved to be a high-quality tool, concentrating on laparoscopic colorectal anatomy in a skills training setting. We believe it may be a valuable adjunct to residency training programs based on the principle of “training before the job.” Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-6DOI 10.1007/s00464-012-2158-yAuthors Juliette C. Slieker, Department of Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsHilco P. Theeuwes, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsGöran L. van Rooijen, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsJohan F. Lange, Department of Surgery, E...

Hip and Thigh Anatomy of the Clouded Leopard (Neofelis nebulosa) with Comparisons to the Domestic Cat (Felis catus)

Fri, 27 Jan 2012 21:39:05 +0100

This study describes the hip and thigh morphology of N. nebulosa and compares it to the domestic cat (F. catus). A number of statistically significant differences were observed between N. nebulosa and F. catus that were primarily associated with muscle attachment surface areas rather than differences in overall morphology. F. catus had proportionally larger attachment areas for Mm. gluteus profundus, tensor fasciae latae, and biceps femoris, while N. nebulosa had larger attachment areas for Mm. gluteus medius, rectus femoris, and semitendinosus. By comparison, surface area analysis of nonfelid species (C. latrans and V. vulpes) showed more differences when compared to felids demonstrating that this analytical technique is useful for differentiating closely‐related species from more dista...

Acute conditions affecting the perinephric space: imaging anatomy, pathways of disease spread, and differential diagnosis

Emergency Radiology — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 17:54:46 +0100

Abstract The perinephric space is an important, central compartment of the retroperitoneum which may host various acute conditions. Imaging evaluation of the perinephric space requires an understanding of its anatomy and the pathways of disease spread to and from other retroperitoneal compartments. Numerous acute conditions can affect the perinephric space and may occur in isolation, extend from nearby retroperitoneal structures, or be part of a systemic condition. Familiarity with the key imaging findings of acute conditions affecting the perinephric space is imperative to facilitate diagnosis and guide treatment. The purpose of this article is to review and illustrate the relevant anatomy, pathways of disease spread, and acute pathology encountered during cross-sectional...

The novel expression of Oct3/4 and Bmi1 in the root development of mouse molars

Cell and Tissue Research — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 17:54:29 +0100

This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of the cells involved in the root elongation. Octamer-binding factor 3/4 (Oct3/4) is known as one of the key regulators in maintaining the pluripotency and self-renewal properties of embryonic stem cells. Bmi1, the polycomb-group transcriptional repressor, has emerged as a key regulator in several cellular processes including stem cell self-renewal and cancer cell proliferation. At the beginning of root formation, ameloblasts expressed Oct3/4 in the nucleus, except in the apex of the cervical loop, in which Bmi1and cyclinD were expressed. At PN6, the expression of Oct3/4 in the ameloblasts shifted from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, whereas ameloblastin-negative Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath (HERS) cells expressed Bmi1 and cycli...

Comparative investigation of the differentiation capability of bone-marrow- and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells by qualitative and quantitative analysis

Cell and Tissue Research — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 17:54:29 +0100

Abstract Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold promise for cell-based therapy in regenerative medicine. To date, MSCs have been obtained from conventional bone marrow via a highly invasive procedure. Therefore, MSCs are now also isolated from sources such as adipose tissue, cord blood and cord stroma, a subject of growing interest. As the characterization and differentiation potential of adipose-derived MSCs (AD-MSCs) and bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) have not been documented, we have evaluated and compared the characteristics of both MSC types by qualitative and quantitative analyses. Both cell types show similar morphology and surface protein expression, being positive for stromal-associated markers and negative for hematopoietic and endothelial markers. The colony-for...

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Learning curve for laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal repair of inguinal hernia.

Canadian Journal of Surgery — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 16:01:54 +0100

Conclusion: We estimate the learning curve for laparoscopic TEP repair is 60 cases for a beginner surgeon. The presence of an experienced supervisor during the first 60 cases can help prevent unnecessary complications and shorten the duration of surgery. PMID: 22269299 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Canadian Journal of Surgery)

Arteriovenous Graft Placement in Predialysis Patients: A Potential Catheter-Sparing Strategy

Journal of Vascular Surgery — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 11:25:15 +0100

Arteriovenous grafts placed predialysis have primary failure rates and cumulative survival rates that are similar to grafts placed after starting dialysis therapy. The fistula first initiative (www.fistulafirst.org) strongly encourages dialysis access via arteriovenous fistulas. Some patients, however, have anatomy more suitable for a graft. In such cases the National Kidney Foundation Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (KDOQI) suggests grafts be placed three to six weeks prior to the need for dialysis therapy. It is difficult to predict the onset of time for the need of dialysis in patients not undergoing dialysis. Some surgeons postpone graft creation until after the initiation of hemodialysis reasoning graft placement prior to dialysis therapy may result in diminished time of p...

Imaging of the Placenta with Pathologic Correlation

Seminars in Ultrasound CT and MRI — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 08:38:45 +0100

The placenta functions to nourish and protect the fetus. Imaging of the placenta can have a profound impact on patient management, owing to the morbidity and mortality associated with various placental conditions. To fully appreciate placental pathology, its physiology, anatomy, and variant anatomy will be outlined. Placental conditions affecting the mother and fetus include molar pregnancies, placental hematoma, abruption, previa, accreta, vasa previa, choriocarcinoma, and retained products of conception. Ultrasonography remains the definitive modality in diagnosing most of these conditions, with magnetic resonance imaging remaining an adjunctive measure. Computed tomography is occasionally used in cases of trauma and tumor staging. (Source: Seminars in Ultrasound CT and MRI)

First‐trimester detection of structural abnormalities and the role of aneuploidy markers

Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 08:35:08 +0100

ConclusionAbout half of major structural abnormalities can be diagnosed in the first trimester. Increased nuchal translucency or abnormal ductus venosus blood flow appear to be associated with cardiac and skeletal defects and may facilitate early detection. Copyright © 2012 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (Source: Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology)

The anatomical basis of sun compass navigation I: The general layout of the monarch butterfly brain

The Journal of Comparative Neurology — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 01:38:48 +0100

AbstractEach fall, eastern North American monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus) use a time‐compensated sun compass to migrate to their overwintering grounds in central Mexico. The sun compass mechanism involves the neural integration of skylight cues with information from circadian clocks to maintain a constant heading. The neuronal substrates for the necessary interactions between compass neurons in the central complex, a prominent structure of the central brain, and circadian clocks are largely unknown. To begin to unravel these neural substrates, we performed three‐dimensional reconstructions of all neuropils of the monarch brain based on anti‐synapsin labeling. Our work characterizes 21 well‐defined neuropils (19 paired, 2 unpaired), as well as all synaptic regions between the...

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Interventional radiologic treatment of pelvic hemorrhage after placement of mesh for reconstructive pelvic surgery.

Obstetrics and Gynecology — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 20:32:28 +0100

CONCLUSION: : The widespread adoption of reconstructive pelvic surgery procedures with dissection in deep vascular spaces has brought with it the prospect of challenging vascular morbidity. A thorough understanding of pelvic anatomy is essential for management of vascular complications from reconstructive pelvic surgery. PMID: 22270438 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology)

Protective effects of trimetazidine on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells viability in an ex vivo model of hypoxia and in vivo model of locally myocardial ischemia

Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology -- Medical Sciences -- — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 16:50:01 +0100

Summary Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown potential for cardiac repair following myocardial injury, but this approach is limited by their poor viability after transplantation. The present study was to investigate whether trimetazidine (TMZ) could improve survival of MSCs in an ex vitro model of hypoxia, as well as survival, differentiation, and subsequent activities of transplanted MSCs in rat hearts with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). MSCs at passage 3 were examined for their viability and apoptosis under a transmission electron microscope, and by using flow cytometry following culture in serum-free medium and exposure to hypoxia (5% CO2, 95% N2) for 12 h with or without TMZ. Thirty Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups (n=10 each group), including g...

PI3K-like kinases restrain Pim gene expression in endothelial cells

Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology -- Medical Sciences -- — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 16:50:00 +0100

Summary Pim kinases contribute to tumor formation and development of lymphoma, which shows enhanced DNA replication, DNA recombination and repair. Endothelial cells^(ECs) express all the three members of Pim kinase gene family. We hypothesized that DNA repair gene would regulate Pim expression in ECs. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were isolated and maintained in M199 culture medium. The cellular distribution of Pim-3 in ECs was determined by immunofluorescent staining. The siRNA fragments were synthesized and transfected by using Lipofectamine LTX. The total cellular RNA was extracted from the cells by using Trizol reagent. cDNAs were quantified by semi-quantity PCR. The effects of LY294002 and wortmannin on RNA stability in ECs were also examined. Our da...

The proatlas: a comprehensive review with clinical implications

Child's Nervous System — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 16:44:20 +0100

Discussion This paper will discuss the development of the proatlas and the resultant anomalies associated with its failure to merge with the occipital sclerotomes to form the occipital bone. In addition, some consideration of comparative anatomy and surgical techniques will be presented. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Review PaperPages 1-8DOI 10.1007/s00381-012-1698-8Authors Mitchel Muhleman, Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, St George’s University, Grenada West IndiesOrdessia Charran, Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, St George’s University, Grenada West IndiesPetru Matusz, Department of Anatomy, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, RomaniaMohammadali M. Shoja, Division of Neurosurgery, Uni...

Patient Management After Noninvasive Cardiac Imaging: Results From SPARC (Study of Myocardial Perfusion and Coronary Anatomy Imaging Roles in Coronary Artery Disease)

Journal of the American College of Cardiology — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 13:57:11 +0100

Conclusions: Overall, noninvasive testing had only a modest impact on clinical management of patients referred for clinical testing. Although post-imaging use of cardiac catheterization and medical therapy increased in proportion to the degree of abnormality findings, the frequency of catheterization and medication change suggests possible undertreatment of higher risk patients. Patients were more likely to undergo cardiac catheterization after computed tomography angiography than after single-photon emission computed tomography or positron emission tomography after normal/nonobstructive and mildly abnormal study findings. (Study of Perfusion and Anatomy's Role in Coronary Artery [CAD] [SPARC]; NCT00321399) (Source: Journal of the American College of Cardiology)

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Nerve-sparing laparoscopic eradication of deep endometriosis with segmental rectal and parametrial resection: the Negrar method. A single-center, prospective, clinical trial

Surgical Endoscopy — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 06:55:34 +0100

Conclusions Our technique appears to be feasible and offers good results in terms of reduced bladder morbidity and apparently higher satisfaction than the classical technique. Considering that this kind of surgery requires uncommon surgical skills and anatomical knowledge, we believe that it should be performed only in selected reference centers. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-17DOI 10.1007/s00464-012-2153-3Authors Marcello Ceccaroni, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, International School of Surgical Anatomy, Sacred Heart Hospital, “Ospedale Sacro Cuore-Don Calabria”, Via Don A.Sempreboni no. 5, 37024 Negrar, VR, ItalyRoberto Clarizia, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, International School of Surgical Anatomy, Sacred Heart Hospital, “Ospedale Sacro Cuore-...

Vascular Contrast Enhanced Micro‐CT Imaging of “Radiators” in the Brazilian Free‐Tailed Bat (Tadarida Brasiliensis)

Thu, 26 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

This study represents the first application of contrast enhanced micro‐CT to visualize vasculature of bats and thus exhibits a promising technique for further investigations of cardiovascular function and anatomy in bats. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology)

[Image-guided radiation therapy : Paradigm change in radiation therapy.]

Der Radiologe — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

[Image-guided radiation therapy : Paradigm change in radiation therapy.] Radiologe. 2012 Jan 26; Authors: Wenz F, Belka C, Reiser M, Schönberg SO Abstract CLINICAL ISSUE: The introduction of image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) has changed the workflow in radiation oncology more dramatically than any other innovation in the last decades. STANDARD TREATMENT: Imaging for treatment planning before the initiation of the radiotherapy series does not take alterations in patient anatomy and organ movement into account. TREATMENT INNOVATIONS: The principle of IGRT is the temporal and spatial connection of imaging in the treatment position immediately before radiation treatment. DIAGNOSTIC ASSE...

Lymph node B lymphocyte trafficking is constrained by anatomy and highly dependent upon chemoattractant desensitization

Blood — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

B lymphocyte recirculation through lymph nodes (LNs) requires crossing endothelial barriers and chemoattractant-triggered cell migration. Here we show how LN anatomy and chemoattractant receptor signaling organize B lymphocyte LN trafficking. Blood-borne B cells predominately used CCR7 signaling to adhere to high endothelial venules (HEVs). New B cell emigrants slowly transited the HEV perivenule space, and thereafter localized nearby, avoiding the follicle. Eventually, the newly arrived B cells entered the basal portion of the follicle gradually populating it. In contrast, newly arriving activated B cells rapidly crossed HEVs and migrated toward the lymph node follicle. During their LN residency, recirculating B cells reacquired their sphingosine-1 phospate receptor 1 (S1P1) receptors and...

Can “YouTube” help students in learning surface anatomy?

Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy — Wed, 25 Jan 2012 18:14:44 +0100

Conclusions Currently, YouTube is an inadequate source of information for learning surface anatomy. More work is needed from medical schools and educators to add useful videos on YouTube covering this area. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Teaching AnatomyPages 1-4DOI 10.1007/s00276-012-0935-xAuthors Samy A. Azer, Curriculum Development and Research Unit, Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine, King Saud University, PO Box 2925, Riyadh, 11461 Saudi Arabia Journal Surgical and Radiologic AnatomyOnline ISSN 1279-8517Print ISSN 0930-1038 (Source: Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy)

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Garlic-derived S-allylmercaptocysteine is a hepato-protective agent in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in vivo animal model

European Journal of Nutrition — Wed, 25 Jan 2012 18:14:31 +0100

Conclusions SAMC is a novel hepato-protective agent against NAFLD caused by abnormal liver functions. Garlic or garlic derivatives could be considered as a potent food supplement in the prevention of fatty liver disease. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ContributionPages 1-13DOI 10.1007/s00394-012-0301-0Authors Jia Xiao, Department of Anatomy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, L1-41, Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SARYick Pang Ching, Department of Anatomy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, L1-41, Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAREmily C. Liong, Department of Anatomy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, L1-41, Laboratory Blo...

Structural Analysis of Muscles Elevating the Hyolaryngeal Complex

Dysphagia — Wed, 25 Jan 2012 18:13:44 +0100

This study demonstrates that structurally the long pharyngeal muscles have similar potential to contribute to this critical function, with the suprahyoid muscles having the greatest potential. If verified by functional data, these findings would amend current swallowing theory. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s00455-011-9392-7Authors William G. Pearson, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, 715 Albany Street, L-1004, Boston, MA 02118, USASusan E. Langmore, Speech-Language Pathology, Boston University Medical Center for Speech and Hearing Sciences, Boston University, FGH Building, 4th floor, Boston, MA 02118, USALouis B. Yu, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine,...

The functions of the fibre bundles of the anterior cruciate ligament in anterior drawer, rotational laxity and the pivot shift

Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy — Wed, 25 Jan 2012 18:04:27 +0100

Abstract This paper reviews the functional anatomy of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), which has a parallel array of collagen fascicles that have usually been divided into two ‘fibre bundles’: anteromedial (AM) and posterolateral (PL), according to their tibial attachment sites. The PL bundle has shorter fibres, and so it is subjected to greater tensile strains than the AM bundle when the whole ACL is stretched; its oblique orientation in the coronal plane imbues it with greater ability to resist tibial rotation than the more vertical AM fibre bundle. Most studies have found that the AM bundle is close to isometric when the knee flexes, while the PL bundle slackens approximately 6 mm. There is little evidence of significant fibre bundle elongation in response...

Physical capacity of girls with mild and moderate idiopathic scoliosis: influence of the size, length and number of curvatures (Czaprowski et al.)

European Spine Journal — Wed, 25 Jan 2012 06:53:23 +0100

Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Letter to the EditorPages 1-2DOI 10.1007/s00586-012-2165-7Authors Vijayakumar Palaniswamy, Physiotherapy Programme, School of Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abd Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaSrijit Das, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abd Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Journal European Spine JournalOnline ISSN 1432-0932Print ISSN 0940-6719 (Source: European Spine Journal)

Alterations in Protein Expression in Tree Shrew Sclera during Development of Lens-Induced Myopia and Recovery [Anatomy and Pathology]

Investigative Ophthalmology — Wed, 25 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions. The DIGE procedure revealed new proteins whose abundance is altered during myopia development and recovery. Many of these are involved in cell-matrix adhesions, cytoskeleton, and transcriptional regulation and extend our understanding of the remodeling that controls the extensibility of the sclera. Reductions in these proteins during minus lens wear may produce the increased scleral viscoelasticity that results in faster axial elongation. Recovery is not a mirror image of lens-induced myopia—many protein levels, decreased during LIM, returned to normal, or slightly above normal, and additional cytoskeleton proteins were upregulated. However, no single protein or pathway appeared to be responsible for the scleral changes during myopia development or recovery. (Source: Inv...

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The Vitreous Glycoprotein Opticin Inhibits Preretinal Neovascularization [Anatomy and Pathology]

Investigative Ophthalmology — Wed, 25 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions. A lack of opticin does not influence vascular development, but opticin is antiangiogenic and inhibits preretinal neovascularization. (Source: Investigative Ophthalmology)

Ruptured aneurysm of replaced left hepatic artery as a cause of haemorrhagic shock: a challenge of diagnosis and treatment

Interactive CardioVascular and Thoracic Surgery — Wed, 25 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

An isolated, spontaneous, ruptured aneurysm of the replaced left hepatic artery (LHA) arising from the left gastric artery, in a 72-year-old female, leading to haemorrhagic shock treated by surgical ligation is reported. To our best knowledge, this is the second case report of a ruptured hepatic artery aneurysm in this location. A thorough knowledge of hepatic arterial anatomy and variations, and prompt diagnosis and urgent surgical intervention are necessary in such a potentially lethal condition. (Source: Interactive CardioVascular and Thoracic Surgery)

Endoscopic Anatomy of Persistent Trigeminal Artery: A Cadaveric Study

min - Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery — Wed, 25 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Minim Invasive Neurosurg 2011; 54: 223-227DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1287831Persistent trigeminal artery (PTA) is one of the carotid-basilar anastomoses and occasionally complicates vascular or neoplastic pathology. The aim of this study was to become more familiar with the anatomy associated with PTA using an endoscopic view.PTA was incidentally encountered in a fresh cadaver. Purely endoscopic approaches via supraorbital (extradural and intradural routes), endonasal, and retrosigmoid routes were performed with 4-mm, 0- and 30-degree rigid endoscopes.The PTA belonged to Salas’s lateral type and Saltzman’s type 1. The supraorbital extradural approach allowed good visualization of the origin and the cavernous portion of the PTA through the infratrochlear triangle. Using the endonasal route, th...

Endoscopic Repair of CSF Leaks in the Postero-Superior Wall of the Frontal Sinus – Report of 2 Cases

min - Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery — Wed, 25 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

We describe a technique of endoscopic repair of posttraumatic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak from the postero-superior aspect of the frontal sinus in a 40- and a 29-year-old male. In both cases after careful assessment of the surgical anatomy the sinus was widely opened transnasally (Draf IIB and Draf III approach, respectively). Angled (45 and 70°) optics and malleable, individually profiled instruments were used to fit specific anatomic variations encountered during the procedure.Endoscopic manipulation near the dome of the sinus proved to be very limited in spite of a wide surgical opening. In our cases the site of the leak could be identified and successfully sealed with gentle pressure on the dura mater. The bony defects were repaired with a 2-layer reconstruction technique. There we...

Subcellular Microanatomy by 3D Deconvolution Brightfield Microscopy: Method and Analysis Using Human Chromatin in the Interphase Nucleus

Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 11:17:40 +0100

Anatomy has advanced using 3-dimensional (3D) studies at macroscopic (e.g., dissection, injection moulding of vessels, radiology) and microscopic (e.g., serial section reconstruction with light and electron microscopy) levels. This paper presents the first results in human cells of a new method of subcellular 3D brightfield microscopy. Unlike traditional 3D deconvolution and confocal techniques, this method is suitable for general application to brightfield microscopy. Unlike brightfield serial sectioning it has subcellular resolution. Results are presented of the 3D structure of chromatin in the interphase nucleus of two human cell types, hepatocyte and plasma cell. I show how the freedom to examine these structures in 3D allows greater morphological discrimination between and within cell...

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Long-term Results with the Modified Sugiura Procedure for the Management of Variceal Bleeding: Standing the Test of Time in the Treatment of Bleeding Esophageal Varices

World Journal of Surgery — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 07:55:30 +0100

Conclusions The modified Sugiura procedure remains an effective rescue therapy for patients with bleeding esophageal varices when alternative treatments fail or are not indicated. Moreover, it can be a life-saving procedure in patients with anatomy unsuitable for shunt surgery or for patients treated in nonspecialized centers where surgical expertise for a shunt operation is not available. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-8DOI 10.1007/s00268-011-1418-7Authors D. Voros, 2nd Department of Surgery, Aretaieio Hospital, Medical School, University of Athens, 76 Vassilissis. Sophias Avenue, 11528 Athens, GreeceA. Polydorou, 2nd Department of Surgery, Aretaieio Hospital, Medical School, University of Athens, 76 Vassilissis. Sophias Avenue, 11528 Athens, GreeceG. Polymene...

The Life of John Wishart (1850–1926): Study of an Academic Surgical Career Prior to the Flexner Report

World Journal of Surgery — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 07:55:23 +0100

Conclusions Wishart’s career comprised all the elements of modern academic surgery, including pioneering service, research, and teaching. Surgery at Western owes as much to Wishart as it does to university reorganization in response to the Flexner report. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-5DOI 10.1007/s00268-011-1407-xAuthors Emily Claydon, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaVivian C. McAlister, Department of Surgery, The University of Western Ontario and Canadian Forces Medical Service, London, ON, Canada Journal World Journal of SurgeryOnline ISSN 1432-2323Print ISSN 0364-2313 (Source: World Journal of Surgery)

Accuracy and Reliability of Length Measurements on Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography Using Open-Source OsiriX Software

Journal of Digital Imaging — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 07:54:56 +0100

Abstract There is a growing interest in three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) as a research tool for the study of bone, joint anatomy, and kinematics. However, when CT data are processed and handled manually using image processing programs to yield 3D image and coordinate value, systematic and random errors should be validated. We evaluated the accuracy and reliability of length measurement on CT with OsiriX software. 3D-CT scans were made of 14 frozen pig knees with five transosseous holes in the metaphyseal portion of femur. The lengths between tunnel orifices were measured using Mitutoyo Digimatic digital calipers to establish the gold standard, and with the OsiriX program in 3D multi-planar reformatting mode for comparison. All measurements were recorded by a p...

Biometric Study of the Internal Dimensions of Subglottis and Upper Trachea in Adult Indian Population

Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 07:53:59 +0100

Abstract The anatomy of the larynx and trachea is well described in literature, however the intraluminal dimensions and contour of the subglottis has not been well documented. Subglottis and trachea are dynamic structures and the internal dimensions and contours have been studied only on cadavers or by plain radiograph which has many technical and measurement errors. No data is available about the internal dimensions of the subglottic and trachea in Indian population. This is the first documented study to measure the dimensions of the trachea and subglottis in Indian population. The aim of this study is to measure the internal dimensions and contour of the subglottis and upper trachea of adult Indian population. We conducted cross-sectional, observational study in a univer...

Overexpression of a novel cell cycle regulator ecdysoneless in breast cancer: a marker of poor prognosis in HER2/neu-overexpressing breast cancer patients

Breast Cancer Research and Treatment — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 07:35:08 +0100

Abstract Uncontrolled proliferation is one of the hallmarks of breast cancer. We have previously identified the human Ecd protein (human ortholog of Drosophila Ecdysoneless, hereafter called Ecd) as a novel promoter of mammalian cell cycle progression, a function related to its ability to remove the repressive effects of Rb-family tumor suppressors on E2F transcription factors. Given the frequent dysregulation of cell cycle regulatory components in human cancer, we used immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded tissues to examine Ecd expression in normal breast tissue versus tissues representing increasing breast cancer progression. Initial studies of a smaller cohort without outcomes information showed that Ecd expression was barely detectable in normal breast tissue and i...

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Autologous microsurgical breast reconstruction and coronary artery bypass grafting: an anatomical study and clinical implications

Breast Cancer Research and Treatment — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 07:35:05 +0100

Conclusion We outline five methods of preserving the IMA for future CABG: (1) lowering the level of DIEP flaps to the fourth- and fifth-intercostals spaces, (2) using the DIEP pedicle as an intermediary for CABG, (3) using IMA perforators to spare the IMA proper, (4) using and end-to-side anastomosis between the DIEP pedicle and IMA and (5) anastomosis of DIEP flaps using retrograde flow from the distal IMA. With careful patient selection, we hypothesize using the IMA for autologous breast reconstruction need not be an absolute contraindication for future CABG. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Preclinical StudyPages 1-18DOI 10.1007/s10549-011-1948-6Authors Warren M. Rozen, Jack Brockhoff Reconstructive Plastic Surgery Research Unit, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Un...

Anatomical study of the cervical nerve roots for posterior foraminotomy: cadaveric study

European Spine Journal — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 07:32:42 +0100

Conclusion Anatomic and morphologic study of the cervical nerve roots and their relationships to the lateral mass and the intervertebral disc are useful landmarks to reduce the operative complications of the posterior foraminotomy. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-6DOI 10.1007/s00586-012-2158-6Authors Mohamed Barakat, Neurosurgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, EgyptYoussef Hussein, Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt Journal European Spine JournalOnline ISSN 1432-0932Print ISSN 0940-6719 (Source: European Spine Journal)

Expression and subcellular distribution of gephyrin in non-neuronal tissues and cells

Histochemistry and Cell Biology — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 07:26:58 +0100

Abstract Gephyrin is a scaffolding protein required for the accumulation of inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors at neuronal postsynaptic membranes. In non-neuronal tissues, gephyrin is indispensible for the biosynthesis of molybdenum cofactor, the prosthetic group of oxidoreductases including sulfite oxidase and xanthine oxidase. However, the molecular and cellular basis of gephyrin’s non-neuronal function is poorly understood; in particular, the roles of its splice variants remain enigmatic. Here, we used cDNA screening as well as Northern and immunoblot analyses to show that mammalian liver contains only a limited number of gephyrin splice variants, with the C3-containing variant being the predominant isoform. Using new and established anti-gephyrin antibodies in imm...

Fibroblasts prepared from different types of malignant tumors stimulate expression of luminal marker keratin 8 in the EM-G3 breast cancer cell line

Histochemistry and Cell Biology — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 07:26:57 +0100

In conclusion, our data indicate that CAFs are able to influence the phenotype of a breast cancer cell line and this effect is based on a tumor type-unspecific mechanism. Finally, a clear functional difference between normal and CAFs was demonstrated. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperPages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s00418-012-0918-3Authors B. Dvořánková, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Charles University, U nemocnice 3, 12800 Prague 2, Czech RepublicP. Szabo, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Charles University, U nemocnice 3, 12800 Prague 2, Czech RepublicL. Lacina, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Charles University, U nemocnice 3, 12800 Prague 2, Czech RepublicO. Kodet, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Charles Un...

The interaction between CD44 on tumour cells and hyaluronan under physiologic flow conditions: implications for metastasis formation

Histochemistry and Cell Biology — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 07:26:56 +0100

Abstract The adhesion of tumour cells to the endothelial cells of blood vessels of the microcirculation represents a crucial step in haematogenous metastasis formation. Similar to leukocyte extravasation, selectins mediate initial tumour cell rolling on endothelium. An additional mechanism of leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells is mediated by hyaluronan (HA). However, data on the interaction of tumour cells with hyaluronan under shear stress are lacking. The expression of the hyaluronan binding protein CD44 on tumour cell surfaces was evaluated using flow cytometry. The adhesion of tumour cells to HA with regard to adhesive events and rolling velocity was determined in flow assays in the human small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell lines SW2, H69, H82, OH1 and OH3, the col...

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Transient expression of the calcitonin receptor by enteric neurons of the embryonic and early post-natal mouse

Cell and Tissue Research — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 07:15:57 +0100

Abstract Calcitonin receptor-immunoreactivity (CTR-ir) was found in enteric neurons of the mouse gastrointestinal tract from embryonic day 13.5 (E13.5) to post-natal day 28 (P28). CTR-ir occurred in cell bodies in ganglia of the myenteric plexus extending from the esophagus to the colon and in nerve cells of the submucosal ganglia of the small and large intestines. CTR-ir was also found in vagal nerve trunks and mesenteric nerves. Counts in the ileal myenteric plexus revealed CTR-ir in 80% of neurons. CTR-ir was clearly evident in the cell bodies of enteric neurons by E15.5. The immunoreactivity reached maximum intensity between P1.5 and P12 but was weaker at P18 and barely detectable at P28. The receptor was detected in nerve processes in the intestine for only a brief pe...

The progression from disaster victim identification (DVI) to disaster victim management (DVM): a necessary evolution

Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 06:52:21 +0100

Content Type Journal ArticleCategory EditorialPages 1-3DOI 10.1007/s12024-011-9295-9Authors Calle Winskog, Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology, Level 3 Medical School North Building, The University of Adelaide, Frome Road, Adelaide, SA 5005, AustraliaMichael Tsokos, Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Charité University, Turmstr. 21 (Haus L), 10559 Berlin, GermanyRoger W. Byard, Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology, Level 3 Medical School North Building, The University of Adelaide, Frome Road, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia Journal Forensic Science, Medicine, and PathologyOnline ISSN 1556-2891Print ISSN 1547-769X (Source: Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology)

Voxel classification and graph cuts for automated segmentation of pathological periprosthetic hip anatomy

International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 06:48:38 +0100

Conclusions The addition of a graph-cut step improved segmentation compared to voxel classification alone. The pipeline described in this paper represents a practical approach to segmenting multitissue regions from CT. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-12DOI 10.1007/s11548-012-0671-zAuthors Daniel F. Malan, Department of Orthopaedics, Leiden University Medical Center, J11-R, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The NetherlandsCharl P. Botha, Department of Mediamatics, EEMCS, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5031, 2600 GA Delft, The NetherlandsEdward R. Valstar, Department of Orthopaedics, Leiden University Medical Center, J11-R, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands Journal International Journal of Computer Assisted Radi...

3D morphometric analysis of 43 scapulae

Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 06:46:21 +0100

Discussion Parametric models are widely used in biomechanics for identifying anatomical landmarks or rotations centers of these structures. For the scapula, no such model is available. We elaborated a first parametric model of scapula based on a large database of 43 scapulae. Our morphometric measurements are very close to others founded in literature. Correlations obtained should help to progress toward relevant subject-specific models of the scapula based on reduced information. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Anatomic Bases of Medical, Radiological and Surgical TechniquesPages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s00276-012-0933-zAuthors Xavier Ohl, Laboratoire de Biomécanique, Arts et Métiers ParisTech, 151 Boulevard de l’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, FranceFabien Billuart, Labora...

Anatomical survey of terminal branching patterns of superficial branch of radial nerve in fetuses

Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 06:46:18 +0100

Conclusions Detailed knowledge of the distribution patterns of terminal branches of superficial branch of radial nerve in hand will enhance the success rate of regional blocks or hand surgeries and minimize the postoperative complications due to injury to nerve or vascular structures. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-6DOI 10.1007/s00276-012-0932-0Authors Richa Gupta, Department of Anatomy, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), # 123-C Type, Sector 24-A, Chandigarh, 160023 IndiaAnjali Aggarwal, Department of Anatomy, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), # 123-C Type, Sector 24-A, Chandigarh, 160023 IndiaDaisy Sahni, Department of Anatomy, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Educat...

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MSCT diagnosis of aneurysms associated with an unusual variant: atypical triplication anterior cerebral artery

Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 06:46:18 +0100

Abstract Atypical triplication anterior cerebral artery is a rare entity and the variation is an important factor leading to aneurysm. A patient with aneurysm that arises from the bifurcation of the distal anterior cerebral arteries is presented. The contralateral anterior cerebral artery is also presented, and there is no communication between the left and the right anterior cerebral artery. The findings from multiple slice CT angiography in this case are illustrated and discussed. The recognition of this variant is important for the therapy planning. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Anatomic VariationsPages 1-4DOI 10.1007/s00276-011-0928-1Authors Cong Sun, Shandong Provincial Medical Imaging Institute, Shandong Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascula...

Duplicate origin and fenestration of the middle cerebral artery on MR angiography

Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 06:46:17 +0100

Conclusions In our institution, we observed 0.11% prevalence of duplicate origin of the MCA on MR angiography, and all were small and mimicked fenestration. Clinically, an important difference between duplicate origin and fenestration of the MCA is the potential collateral circulation available from the inferior branch in the case of saddle embolism occlusion of only the superior branch when there is duplicate origin of the MCA. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-4DOI 10.1007/s00276-012-0936-9Authors Akira Uchino, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka, Saitama, 350-1298 JapanNaoko Saito, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Saitama Medical University International ...

Posterior Interosseous Neuropathy: Electrodiagnostic Evaluation

HSS Journal — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 06:45:17 +0100

Abstract Electrodiagnostic studies are used to anatomically localize nerve injuries. These tests help differentiate between cervical radiculopathies, brachial plexopathies, and peripheral nerve injuries. They also help to identify or rule out other underlying neurological diseases and disorders. In this case report, a 22-year-old male swimmer presented with left finger extensor weakness following pull-up exercises. Left wrist extension remained intact. Electrodiagnostic testing revealed a severe but incomplete posterior interosseous neuropathy. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed inflammation of the nerve in the forearm. Posterior interosseous neuropathy is an uncommon but well-studied condition. Typically, this condition presents with weakness in finger and thumb extensi...

Reliable and Reproducible Murine Models for Commonly Used Abdominal Plastic Surgical Flaps

Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

We describe techniques for raising several reliable and reproducible abdominal flaps in rodents, including transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flaps in rats and mice, superficial inferior epigastric artery flaps in rats and perforator flaps in rats. The intention of this paper is to act as a point of reference for any microvascular or plastic surgeon who is planning to perform abdominal plastic surgical flap research or further microvascular skills.[...]Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.Article in Thieme eJournals:Table of contents | Abstract | Full text (Source: Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery)

Pressure morphology of the relaxed lower esophageal sphincter: the formation and collapse of the phrenic ampulla

AJP: Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

This study aimed to apply novel high-resolution manometry with eight-sector radial pressure resolution (3D-HRM technology) to resolve the deglutitive pressure morphology at the esophagogastric junction (EGJ) before, during, and after bolus transit. A hybrid HRM assembly, including a 9-cm-long 3D-HRM array, was used to record EGJ pressure morphology in 15 normal subjects. Concurrent videofluoroscopy was used to relate bolus movement to pressure morphology and EGJ anatomy, aided by an endoclip marking the squamocolumnar junction (SCJ). The contractile deceleration point (CDP) marked the time at which luminal clearance slowed to 1.1 cm/s and the location (4 cm proximal to the elevated SCJ) at which peristalsis terminated. The phrenic ampulla spanned from the CDP to the SCJ. The subsequent rad...

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Comment on “Anatomical variations of the human sural nerve and its role in clinical and surgical procedures” by Eid and Hegazy

Clinical Anatomy — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: Clinical Anatomy)

Congenital bilateral absence of the flexor digitorum longus muscle

Clinical Anatomy — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: Clinical Anatomy)

Relationship of the lumbar lordosis angle to the abdominal aortic bifurcation and inferior vena cava confluence levels

Clinical Anatomy — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

This study showed that the level of bifurcation of the aorta and the level of confluence of the IVC may vary with the variations of the LLA. Clin. Anat. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Clinical Anatomy)

Late Repair of the Native Pulmonary Valve in Patients With Pulmonary Insufficiency After Surgery for Tetralogy of Fallot [HOW TO DO IT]

The Annals of Thoracic Surgery — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Risk Factor Analysis for Second-Stage Palliation of Single Ventricle Anatomy [ORIGINAL ARTICLES: PEDIATRIC CARDIAC]

The Annals of Thoracic Surgery — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Second-stage palliation can be performed at low risk for patients with left ventricular dominance, but significant risk remains for patients with left ventricular hypoplasia and unbalanced atrioventricular septal defect. Atrioventricular valve insufficiency is a persistent problem that has not been neutralized by repair strategies. (Source: The Annals of Thoracic Surgery)

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A three-dimensional anatomy of the posterolateral compartment of the knee: the use of a new technology in the study of musculoskeletal anatomy

Clinical Ophthalmology — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 04:10:43 +0100

Astur DC, Arliani GG, Kaleka CC, Jalikjian W, Golano P, Cohen M (Source: Clinical Ophthalmology)

Upper Airway Fat Tissue Distribution Differences in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Controls as Well as Its Effect on Retropalatal Mechanical Loads.

Respiratory Care — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Patients with OSA have more fat tissue adjacent to the pharyngeal cavity than BMI-matched controls. Fats deposited around the UA may contribute to the collapsibility of retropalatal and retroglossal airway in both patients and controls. PMID: 22273428 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Respiratory Care)

“Choke” vessels between vascular territories of the abdominal wall: Literature review and rare case of Leriche's syndrome

Clinical Anatomy — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractWe undertook a review of the anatomical changes of “choke” vessels between the internal thoracic artery (ITA) and deep inferior epigastric artery (DIEA), as highlighted by a case of aortoiliac occlusive disease (Leriche's syndrome), and discuss the physiological concepts observed with regard to surgical delay procedures within the abdominal wall performed prior to abdominal cutaneous free flaps and coronary artery bypass grafting. Computed tomographic angiography (CTA) was undertaken on a patient with a rare case of Leriche's syndrome and a literature review of over 200 references on the anatomy, physiology and clinical uses of choke vessels in the abdominal wall was undertaken. The CTA demonstrated that in patients with Leriche's syndrome, there is a marked dilatation of all I...

Unusual formation of the median nerve associated with the third head of biceps brachii

Clinical Anatomy — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractUnilateral variations in the formation of the median nerve, with the presence of the third head of the biceps brachii entrapping the nerve are very rare. These variations were observed on the right side, of a 30‐year‐old male cadaver during routine dissection at the Department of Human Anatomy, University of Nairobi. The median nerve was formed by the union of three contributions; two from the lateral cord and one from the medial cord. An additional head of the biceps brachii looped over the formed median nerve. On the left side, the median nerve was formed classically by single contributions from the medial and the lateral cords. These variations are clinically important because symptoms of high median nerve compression arising from similar formations are often confused with m...

Correlation of ct aortography measurements of infrarenal aortic aneurysms and body mass index in preprocedural evaluation for endovascular repair

Clinical Anatomy — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractThe aim of this study is to analyze the morphological differences of infrarenal aortic aneurysms and common iliac arteries that are important for endovascular management between patients of different body mass index using 64 slice multidetector row CT aortography. This was a multicenter study of 100 patients (50 Europeans and 50 Japanese). All patients had risk factors, manifest symptoms, and ultrasound verified aneurysmal dilation of the infrarenal aorta. All examinations were performed on the same CT platform using the same post‐processing protocols. Due to the heterogeneity of the population, several statistical models were used. Significant differences were found in morphological parameters of infrarenal aorta in relation to BMI. In over one out of three patients with BMI les...

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Traumatic Brain Injuries in the Ancient Egypt: Insights from the Edwin Smith Papyrus

Zentralblatt fur Neurochirurgie - Central European Neurosurgery — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The Edwin Smith Papyrus reveals asthonishing observation skill when considering the methods and limits of acient times. These physicians were able to recognize many symptoms of TBI and assign them a prognostic value.[...]© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New YorkArticle in Thieme eJournals:Table of contents | Abstract | Full text (Source: Zentralblatt fur Neurochirurgie - Central European Neurosurgery)

Translational and rotational intra- and inter-fractional errors in patient and target position during a short course of frameless stereotactic body radiotherapy.

Acta Oncologica — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion. Soft tissue tumour matching improved precision of treatment delivery in frameless SBRT of lung tumours compared to image guidance using bone matching. The intra-fractional displacement of the target position was affected by both translational and rotational changes in tumour baseline position relative to the bony anatomy and by changes in patient position. PMID: 22263924 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Acta Oncologica)

[Fractures of the elbow joint.]

Der Chirurg — Sat, 21 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Nowak TE, Dietz SO, Burkhart KJ, Müller LP, Rommens PM Abstract Fractures around the elbow joint comprise fractures of the distal humerus, the radial head, the olecranon and the coronoid process. Combined lesions are particularly demanding for the surgeon. Accurate knowledge of the anatomy and of the biomechanics is an essential requirement for a specific diagnosis and therapy. A stable and painless movable elbow joint is essential for most of the activities of daily living. Risk factors for the development of posttraumatic elbow joint arthrosis are non-anatomically reconstructed joint surfaces, axial malalignment of the joint axis and untreated concomitant injuries. Modern angular stable and anatomically preshaped implants facilitate a biomechanically adequate osteosynth...

G-spot proves hard to find

NHS News Feed — Fri, 20 Jan 2012 10:28:00 +0100

Conclusion This narrative review searched for medical literature that might verify whether the G-spot actually exists. Overall, it found that results have been conflicting; in surveys many women believe in the existence of a highly sensitive area of the vaginal wall, which related to the experience of orgasm and fluid ejaculation in some. Other radiological studies and lab analyses of tissue samples have demonstrated separate nerve supply to the clitoris and vagina, with some suggesting a dense network of nerves within the front vaginal wall where the G-spot is meant to be situated. However, other studies conclude that it is not possible to find evidence of a distinct structure, other than the clitoris, whose direct stimulation leads to vaginal orgasm. With a topic such as this, where much...

Non-Invasive Measurements Of Tricuspid Valve Anatomy Can Predict Severity Of Valve Leakage

Health News from Medical News Today — Fri, 20 Jan 2012 08:00:00 +0100

An estimated 1.6 million Americans suffer moderate to severe leakage through their tricuspid valves, which are complex structures that allow blood to flow from the heart's upper right chamber to the ventricle. If left untreated, severe leakage can affect an individual's quality of life and can even lead to death. A new study finds that the anatomy of the heart's tricuspid valve can be used to predict the severity of leakage in the valve, which is a condition called tricuspid regurgitation... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

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Cholinergic chemosensory cells in the auditory tube

Histochemistry and Cell Biology — Fri, 20 Jan 2012 07:07:57 +0100

Abstract The luminal composition of the auditory tube influences its function. The mechanisms involved in the monitoring are currently not known. For the lower respiratory epithelium, such a sentinel role is carried out by cholinergic brush cells. Here, using two different mouse strains expressing eGFP under the control of the promoter of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), we show the presence of solitary cholinergic villin-positive brush cells also in the mouse auditory tube epithelium. They express the vesicular acetylcholine (ACh) transporter and proteins of the taste transduction pathway such as α-gustducin, phospholipase C beta 2 (PLCβ2) and transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 5 (TRPM5). Immunoreactivity for TRPM5 and PLCβ2 was found regul...

miR-200b regulates cell migration via Zeb family during mouse palate development

Histochemistry and Cell Biology — Fri, 20 Jan 2012 07:07:57 +0100

Abstract Palate development requires coordinating proper cellular and molecular events in palatogenesis, including the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), apoptosis, cell proliferation, and cell migration. Zeb1 and Zeb2 regulate epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin) and EMT during organogenesis. While microRNA 200b (miR-200b) is known to be a negative regulator of Zeb1 and Zeb2 in cancer progression, its regulatory effects on Zeb1 and Zeb2 in palatogenesis have not yet been clarified. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the regulators of palatal development, specifically, miR-200b and the Zeb family. Expression of both Zeb1 and Zeb2 was detected in the mesenchyme of the mouse palate, while miR-200b was expressed in the medial edge epithelium. Aft...

Congruence of vascular network remodeling and neuronal dispersion in the hippocampus of reelin-deficient mice

Histochemistry and Cell Biology — Fri, 20 Jan 2012 07:07:56 +0100

Abstract In the hippocampus, neurons and fiber projections are strictly organized in layers and supplied with oxygen via a vascular network that also develops layer-specific characteristics in wild-type mice, as shown in the present study for the first time in a quantitative manner. By contrast, in the reeler mutant, well known for its neuronal migration defects due to the lack of the extracellular matrix protein reelin, emerging layer-specific characteristics of the vascular pattern were found to be remodeled during development of the dentate gyrus. Remarkably, in the first postnatal week, when a granule cell layer was still discernable in the reeler dentate gyrus, also the reeler vascular pattern resembled wild type. Thus, at postnatal day 6, unbranched microvessels trav...

First Branchial Cleft Anomaly: Clinical Insight into its Relevance in Otolaryngology with Pediatric Considerations

Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery — Fri, 20 Jan 2012 07:07:44 +0100

Abstract First branchial cleft anomalies (FBCA) represent a small subset of congenital malformations in neck. Prime objective of this study is to share our experience with FBCA, emphasize its relevance in otolaryngology and deal with its pediatric perspective. Embryology, pathologic anatomy and varied spectra of clinical presentations of FBCA are discussed. Along with this we have illustrated three different cases; all of them were of pediatric age group and were misdiagnosed by their treating specialists elsewhere. In this article we have also laid special emphasis on its pediatric considerations. FBCA are mostly misdiagnosed due to their unfamiliar clinical signs and symptoms. Swellings may masquerade as other neck masses. Majority of patients give a history of previous ...

Biomechanical reconstruction of the hip: comparison between modular short-stem hip arthroplasty and conventional total hip arthroplasty

International Orthopaedics — Fri, 20 Jan 2012 07:06:38 +0100

Conclusion Horizontal femoral offset increased more with modular SHA than with conventional THA, but was within a beneficial range. Restoration of limb length appears more difficult in SHA and has a tendency to prolong limb length, which is probably related to the higher femoral resection level. This should be taken into consideration when considering SHA for a patient as well as during implantation. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperPages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s00264-011-1477-2Authors Florian Schmidutz, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital of Munich (LMU), Campus Grosshadern, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, GermanyMarc Beirer, Department of Trauma Surgery, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Ismaningerstrasse 22, 81675 Munich, Ger...

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Joaquín María Albarrán y Domínguez (1860-1912). In the Centenary of His Death.

Actas Urologicas Espanolas — Fri, 20 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: An eminent urologist, not only because of the importance of his word but also due to design of the nail that carries his name as well as different urological eponyms, his human stature, his category as an investigator and his scientific excellence. Because of presence in Paris, the most important Spanish urologists were prepared at his side, this contributing to the rebirth and boom of the Urology in Spain. PMID: 22266259 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Actas Urologicas Espanolas)

Informed consent for clinical trials of deep brain stimulation in psychiatric disease: challenges and implications for trial design

Journal of Medical Ethics — Fri, 20 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Advances in neuromodulation and an improved understanding of the anatomy and circuitry of psychopathology have led to a resurgence of interest in surgery for psychiatric disease. Clinical trials exploring deep brain stimulation (DBS), a focally targeted, adjustable and reversible form of neurosurgery, are being developed to address the use of this technology in highly selected patient populations. Psychiatric patients deemed eligible for surgical intervention, such as DBS, typically meet stringent inclusion criteria, including demonstrated severity, chronicity and a failure of conventional therapy. Although a humanitarian device exemption by the US Food and Drug Administration exists for its use in obsessive-compulsive disorder, DBS remains a largely experimental treatment in the psychiatr...

Morphology of the Distal Radius in Extant Hominoids and Fossil Hominins: Implications for the Evolution of Bipedalism

Fri, 20 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractOne of the long‐standing arguments about the evolution of bipedality centers on the locomotor pattern used by the last common ancestor (LCA) of apes and humans. In particular, knuckle‐walking has been suggested as this locomotor pattern on the basis of shared morphology in the upper limb between African apes and humans and phylogenetic parsimony. Using three‐dimensional geometric morphometrics, this study tests whether the distal radius of extant hominoids is sufficient for determining locomotor pattern and the affiliations of Plio‐Pleistocene hominins to the extant taxa. Results indicate that while the entire radius differentiates the extant taxa very well by locomotor pattern, the distal radius fails to clearly differentiate the extant taxa. The sigmoid notch of the dista...

Clinical Implications of the Transversus Abdominis Plane Block in Adults

Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 12:25:10 +0100

The transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block is a relatively new regional anesthesia technique that provides analgesia to the parietal peritoneum as well as the skin and muscles of the anterior abdominal wall. It has a high margin of safety and is technically simple to perform, especially under ultrasound guidance. A growing body of evidence supports the use of TAP blocks for a variety of abdominal procedures, yet, widespread adoption of this therapeutic adjunct has been slow. In part, this may be related to the limited sources for anesthesiologists to develop an appreciation for its sound anatomical basis and the versatility of its clinical application. As such, we provide a brief historical perspective on the TAP block, describe relevant anatomy, review current techniques, discuss pharmac...

Laparoscopic ultrasound-assisted liposuction for lymph node dissection: a pilot study

Surgical Endoscopy — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 08:04:50 +0100

Conclusion The UAL approach permits pelvic lymphadenectomy in the obese animal and cadaver model, with excellent exposure of lymph nodes and surrounding pelvic anatomy. The use of a new ultrasonic prototype probe with a wider contact surface allowed dissection with less mechanical and thermal penetration of tissue. Further studies are needed to assess oncologic safety (cancer cell dissemination), postoperative healing, and adhesion formation. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-8DOI 10.1007/s00464-011-2136-9Authors Eduardo A. Bonin, Developmental Endoscopy Unit, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USAAndrea Mariani, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USAJames Swain, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, ...

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Defined Clinical Classifications Are Associated with Outcome of Patients with Anatomically Resectable Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Treated with Neoadjuvant Therapy

Annals of Surgical Oncology — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 07:00:34 +0100

Conclusions This system describes discrete clinical subgroups of patients with pancreatic cancer who have similar, potentially resectable tumor anatomy but heterogeneous physiology and cancer biology. It may be used with neoadjuvant therapy to predict outcomes, individualize treatment algorithms, and optimize survival. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Pancreatic TumorsPages 1-9DOI 10.1245/s10434-011-2211-4Authors Ching-Wei D. Tzeng, Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USAJason B. Fleming, Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USAJeffrey E. Lee, Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USAL...

The role of kynurenines in the pathomechanism of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multiple sclerosis: therapeutic implications

Journal of Neural Transmission — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 06:58:54 +0100

Abstract Tryptophan is one of the essential amino acids, 80% of which is catabolised in the extrahepatic tissues by indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), the rate-limiting enzyme of the kynurenine pathway. Metabolites along the kynurenine pathway have been implicated to play a role in the pathomechanism of neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders. Changes in the concentration levels of kynurenines can shift the balance to pathological conditions. The ability to influence the metabolism towards the neuroprotective branch of the kynurenine pathway, i.e. towards kynurenic acid (KYNA) synthesis, may be one option in preventing neurodegenerative diseases. Three potential therapeutic strategies could be feasible to develop drugs to live up to expectations: (1) chemically r...

The inter-relationship of clinical parameters in congenital talipes equinovarus: relevance to pathological anatomy and clinical classification

Journal of Children's Orthopaedics — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 06:56:40 +0100

Conclusions We analysed on a statistical basis the relevant aspects of the deformity in CTEV. We have demonstrated that there are certain parameters, namely, equinus and adductus, whose severity can reasonably predict the severity of other components of the deformity. With regards to hindfoot parameters, increased equinus is related to less sagittal plane reducibility and to stiff hindfoot varus (coronal plane stiffness). In terms of midfoot parameters, the degree of adductus is related to the presence of cavus deformity and the presence of a medial skin crease is associated with less reducibility of the adductus (axial plane stiffness). This is consistent with our current understanding of the pathological anatomy of CTEV and bears implications with regards to treatment an...

Evaluation of the prevalence, lesion, and depth of osteoarthritic changes in the patella

Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 06:56:02 +0100

Conclusion There is a risk of patella OA in female subjects. Patella OA occurred mainly on the medial side. Isolated OA in the lateral facet of the patella was rare. 63.7% of subjects had patella OA. Level of evidence Controlled laboratory study, Level III. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory KneePages 1-5DOI 10.1007/s00167-012-1894-9Authors Takanori Iriuchishima, Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi City, Showa-Machi 3-39-15, Gunma, JapanKeinosuke Ryu, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surugadai Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo, JapanShin Aizawa, Department of Functional Morphology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, JapanHiroshi Yorifuji, Department of Anatomy, Gunma University Graduate School of Medi...

Unilateral hyperplasia of lamina and spinous process of C6 vertebra: case report

Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 06:54:53 +0100

We report a 20-year-old male patient who was admitted to our emergency clinic after a traffic accident and who suffered from neck pain. Radiographic examination of the cervical spine showed hypertrophy of the left lamina and hypertrophy and elongation of the left spinous process of the sixth cervical vertebra (C6). A computed tomography scan revealed the associated schisis of the spinous process at the same level. Magnetic resonance imaging scan demonstrated no abnormality of the neural elements. The patient underwent a surgical operation due to persistent neck pain and the local aesthetic abnormality. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Anatomic VariationsPages 1-4DOI 10.1007/s00276-012-0934-yAuthors Burak Kazanci, Neurosurgery Clinic, Ministry of Health, Sevket Yilmaz Educati...

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The Molecular Anatomy of Human Hsp60 and its Similarity with that of Bacterial Orthologs and Acetylcholine Receptor Reveal a Potential Pathogenetic Role of Anti-Chaperonin Immunity in Myasthenia Gravis.

Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

In this study, we demonstrate that Hsp60 proteins from humans and two common pathogens, Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia pneumoniae, share various sequence segments of potentially highly immunogenic epitopes with acetylcholine receptor α1 subunit (AChRα1). The structural data indicate that AChRα1 antibodies, implicated in the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis, could very well be elicited and/or maintained by self- and/or bacterial Hsp60. PMID: 22258649 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology)

Peak Skin and Eye Lens Radiation Dose From Brain Perfusion CT Based on Monte Carlo Simulation

American Journal of Roentgenology — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION. CTDIvol should not be interpreted as patient dose; this study has shown it to overestimate dose to the skin or eye lens. These results may be used to provide more accurate estimates of actual dose to ensure that protocols are operated safely below thresholds. Tilting the gantry or moving the scanning region further away from the eyes are effective for reducing lens dose in clinical practice. These actions should be considered when they are consistent with the clinical task and patient anatomy. (Source: American Journal of Roentgenology)

MRI of Pregnancy-Related Issues: Mullerian Duct Anomalies

American Journal of Roentgenology — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION. Whereas uterine and vaginal septa, vaginal agenesis, and unicornuate uterus can be managed surgically, other uterine anomalies tend to be managed clinically. Hence, appropriate management depends on a reliable assessment of pelvic anatomy. MRI can accurately display female pelvic anatomy and is, therefore, useful in guiding therapy. (Source: American Journal of Roentgenology)

Airway management of recovered pediatric patients with severe head and neck burns: a review

Pediatric Anesthesia — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of airway management in such patients, focusing on challenges encountered during mask ventilation and tracheal intubation, as well as the role of surgical release of neck contractures to facilitate tracheal intubation. Lessons learned from all reported cases identified in a thorough literature search are incorporated into this review. (Source: Pediatric Anesthesia)

Dorsal fronto-parietal connections of the human brain: a fiber dissection study of their composition and anatomical relationships.

Anatomical Record — Wed, 18 Jan 2012 14:42:21 +0100

Authors: Maldonado IL, Mandonnet E, Duffau H Abstract Fiber dissection of the deep white matter of a human left cerebral hemisphere (lateral view). See Figure 2 in Maldonado et al., on page 189, in this issue. PMID: 22238152 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Anatomical Record)

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Announcements

American Journal of Kidney Diseases — Wed, 18 Jan 2012 13:56:37 +0100

The Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation of the San Bortolo Hospital in Vicenza, and the International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza will be holding the 30th International Vicenza Course on Peritoneal Dialysis from June 12 to June 15, 2012 in Vicenza, Italy. The first course was held in 1982 and began a long-lasting tradition of science and education. The 2012 course will feature lectures on anatomy and physiology of the peritoneal membrane, recent developments in peritoneal transport, present and future techniques, new devices and dialysis solutions, and recently published and ongoing clinical trials. The deadline for registration is April 30, 2012. For more information visit www.vicenzanephrocourses.com/conferences/30. (Source: American Journal of Kidney Diseases)

Mice expressing a human KATP channel mutation have altered channel ATP sensitivity but no cardiac abnormalities

Diabetologia — Wed, 18 Jan 2012 06:51:41 +0100

Conclusions/interpretation The common iDEND mutation Kir6.2-V59M decreases ATP block of cardiac KATP channels but was without obvious effect on heart function, suggesting that metabolic changes fail to open the mutated channel to an extent that affects function (at least in the absence of ischaemia). This may have implications for the choice of sulfonylurea used to treat neonatal diabetes. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory ArticlePages 1-10DOI 10.1007/s00125-011-2428-6Authors R. Clark, Henry Wellcome Centre for Gene Function, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT UKR. Männikkö, Henry Wellcome Centre for Gene Function, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT UKD. J. Stuckey, Henry Wellcome...

Neuroinflammation and Cognitive Dysfunction in Chronic Disease and Aging

Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology — Wed, 18 Jan 2012 06:48:10 +0100

Content Type Journal ArticleCategory GUEST COMMENTARYPages 1-4DOI 10.1007/s11481-011-9340-1Authors Amy M. Hein, Department of Neurobiology & Anatomy, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 603, Rochester, NY 14642, USAM. Kerry O’Banion, Department of Neurobiology & Anatomy, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 603, Rochester, NY 14642, USA Journal Journal of Neuroimmune PharmacologyOnline ISSN 1557-1904Print ISSN 1557-1890 (Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology)

The elusive link between aortic wall histology and echocardiographic anatomy in bicuspid aortic valve: implications for prophylactic surgery [ADULT CARDIAC]

European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery — Wed, 18 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS A high proportion of patients with bicuspid aortic valve and mild to moderate aortic dilatation have severe histological abnormalities of the aortic wall that are not predictable by clinical and echocardiographic findings. These observations suggest that risk stratification for aortic dissection or rupture in patients with bicuspid aortic valve is so far quite suboptimal and future investigations are warranted. (Source: European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery)

Pulmonary artery banding: still a valuable option in developing countries? [CONGENITAL]

European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery — Wed, 18 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION A strategy of deferring biventricular repair by the application of a pulmonary artery band is ineffective under Third World conditions largely due to lack of patient compliance. This study shows that the overall mortality in the inter-stage period following PAB is high prior to definitive correction. Less than half of patients will eventually be repaired in a reasonable time frame and patient follow-up is unreliable. We conclude that consideration should be given to early definitive repair even in perceived high-risk cases. (Source: European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery)

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Republished article: Imaging assessment of ventricular mechanics

Postgraduate Medical Journal — Wed, 18 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

This article describes the assessment of ventricular mechanics by echocardiographic techniques which are widely available to all cardiologists. The different deformation patterns and how the assessment of these can be used in the clinical setting are discussed. Left ventricular anatomy LV myocardial fibres... (Source: Postgraduate Medical Journal)

Contemporary Review: Impact of primary neopharyngoplasty on acoustic characteristics of alaryngeal tracheoesophageal voice

The Laryngoscope — Wed, 18 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractThe physiology of the vibratory mechanism in alaryngeal tracheoesophageal speech depends on several factors. The structure and resulting function of the neoglottis (or neopharynx) varies from patient to patient depending on the individual details of the surgical procedure performed, as well as the patient's anatomy. In general, the vibratory segment is a blending of the pharyngeal constrictor muscles, cricopharyngeus, and upper circular fibers of the esophagus. Limited ability to visualize dynamically these three‐dimensional structures during rapid events of voice and speech production impedes complete understanding of the vibratory function of the neopharynx. Acoustic studies have elucidated some general characteristics of the pharyngoesophagus and neoglottic vibratory mechanism...

Anatomical Architecture of the Brachial Plexus in the Common Hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius) with Special Reference to the Derivation and Course of its Unique Branches

Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia: Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series C — Wed, 18 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

SummaryThe anatomy of the brachial plexus in the common hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius), which has not been previously reported, was first examined bilaterally in a newborn hippopotamus. Our observations clarified the following: (1) the brachial plexus comprises the fifth cervical (C5) to first thoracic (T1) nerves. These formed two trunks, C5–C6 and C7–T1; in addition, the axillary artery passed in between C6 and C7, (2) unique branches to the brachialis muscle and those of the lateral cutaneous antebrachii nerves ramified from the median nerve, (3) nerve fibre analysis revealed that these unique nerve branches from the median nerve were closely related and structurally similar to the musculocutaneous (MC) nerve; however, they had changed course from the MC to the median nerve, ...

Non-invasive measurements of tricuspid valve anatomy can predict severity of valve leakage

EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health — Wed, 18 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Georgia Institute of Technology Research News) A new study finds that the anatomy of the heart's tricuspid valve can be used to predict the severity of leakage in the valve -- a condition called tricuspid regurgitation. An estimated 1.6 million Americans suffer moderate to severe leakage. If left untreated, severe leakage can affect an individual's quality of life and can even lead to death. (Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health)