MedWorm: Cancer & Oncology Top 20

Scientists target cholesterol to treat brain tumors

Cancer — Sun, 05 Feb 2012 12:56:15 +0100

(Source: Cancer)

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Adverse Drug Reactions in a Complementary Medicine Hospital: A Prospective, Intensified Surveillance Study

Journal of Oncology — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 13:23:29 +0100

Conclusion. Our data show that ADRs caused by AMEDs occur rarely and are limited to mild symptoms. (Source: Journal of Oncology)

Health Care Seeking Behavior among Caregivers of Sick Children Who Had Cerebral Malaria in Northwestern Nigeria

Journal of Oncology — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 13:25:09 +0100

Cerebral malaria is a significant cause of childhood morbidity in our region. The challenges of effective management include time and quality of treatment. The study appraised the health care seeking behavior of caregivers of sick children who developed cerebral malaria, in Zaria, northwestern Nigeria. Caregivers indentified were parents 29 (87.9%) and grandparents 4 (12.1%). Most of them were in the upper social classes. Health care options utilized before presentation at our facility were formal health facility 24 (72.7%), patent medicine seller 12 (36.4%), home treatment 10 (30.3%), and herbal concoction 6 (18.2%) with majority 24 (72.7%) using more than one option. Antimalarial therapy was instituted in 25 (75.6%) of the cases. Mortality was significantly associated with the use of her...

Gynecologic Cancer

Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 12:47:50 +0100

Like many areas in oncology, gynecologic oncology has made several important recent advances in both the prevention and the treatment of reproductive malignancies. New knowledge related to risk factors for endometrial and ovarian cancer has led to novel strategies to reduce risks through diet, contraception choices, and other factors. Important advances have also occurred in the understanding of genetic risks for gynecologic cancers and genetic testing can now identify individuals at substantial risk. Patients at genetic risk can reduce their risk through the use of oral contraception and other choices if they have not completed their families or undergo definitive prophylactic surgery when they no longer desire future pregnancies. Cervical cancer is an area of particular advancement in pr...

Inhibition of STAT1 sensitizes renal cell carcinoma cells to radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

Cancer Biology and Therapy — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 21:12:11 +0100

Authors: Zhu H, Wang Z, Xu Q, Zhang Y, Zhai Y, Bai J, Liu M, Hui Z, Xu N Abstract Renal cell carcinoma is resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. STAT1 is overexpressed in human RCC tissue. Downregulation of STAT1 expression could significantly increase the radiosensitivity in RCC cell lines. To further investigate the function of STAT1 in RCC resistance to chemoradiotherapy, a stable STAT1 knockdown cell line was established. Knockdown of STAT1 led to significant growth suppression in vitro and in vivo. Inhibition of STAT1 sensitized 786-O cells to radiotherapy and Taxol treatment. Cells with low STAT1 expression accumulated more strongly in the G2/M phase after treatment with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The Human Cell Cycle and DNA Damage Signaling Pathway Real-time PCR ar...

Hereditary ovarian cancer: Beyond the usual suspects.

Gynecologic Oncology — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 23:31:04 +0100

Authors: Pennington KP, Swisher EM Abstract In the past, hereditary ovarian carcinoma was attributed almost entirely to mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2, with a much smaller contribution from mutations in DNA mismatch repair genes. Recently, three new ovarian cancer susceptibility genes have been identified: RAD51C, RAD51D, and BRIP1. In addition, germline mutations in women with ovarian carcinoma have been recently identified in many of the previously identified breast cancer genes in the Fanconi anemia (FA)-BRCA pathway. While mutations in genes other than BRCA1 and BRCA2 are each individually rare, together they make up a significant proportion of cases. With at least 16 genes implicated in hereditary ovarian cancer to date, comprehensive testing for ovarian cancer risk will require...

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Factors affecting participation in group intervention in patients after adjuvant treatment for early-study breast cancer.

Acta Oncologica — Wed, 25 Jan 2012 07:36:20 +0100

Conclusion. Low participation in group interventions may be more strongly associated with psychological characteristics than sociodemographic and medical factors. It seems that patients know to perceive whether their personal resources are inadequate for facing a life-threatening illness. Like individual therapy, group interventions should be more sensitive to perceived individual needs and to the art of tailoring suitable contents according individual needs. PMID: 22263971 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Acta Oncologica)

New Biologic Agents for the Treatment of Gynecologic Cancers

Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 12:47:50 +0100

This article provides an update on the state of targeted therapy testing in gynecologic cancers. (Source: Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America)

Fiber-optic bronchoscope and detection of lung cancer: A five year study.

Neoplasma — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 04:30:02 +0100

Authors: Gao L, Asmitanand T, Ren H, Wu F, Zhang Y, Li X, DI L, Song Z, Yang T, Chen T, Merrilees M, Wu L, Chen M Abstract White light bronchoscopy [WLB] has been used for identification and localization of intra-epithelial pre-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions within the bronchus. Aim of the study was to evaluate the uses of WLB to detect and localize the precancerous and cancerous lesions, and in addition to analyze morphologic presentation, and association to histological type and the variation between genders.A total of 4983 patients were examined by WLB from 2004 to 2009 in a local tertiary teaching hospital. The following parameters were collected: morphological presentation, biopsy sites, histology. The patients' records of age, sex, smoking status, blood-gas, X-RAY/CT, CB...

Remarkable inhibition of mTOR signaling by the combination of rapamycin and 1,4‐phenylenebis(methylene)selenocyanate in human prostate cancer cells

International Journal of Cancer — Sun, 05 Feb 2012 13:03:43 +0100

AbstractPreclinical studies and clinical analyses have implicated the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in the progression of prostate cancer, suggesting mTOR as a potential target for new therapies. mTOR, a serine/threonine kinase, belongs to two distinct signaling complexes: mTORC1 and mTORC2. We previously showed that the synthetic organoselenium compound, p‐XSC, effectively inhibits viability and critical signaling molecules (e.g., androgen receptor, Akt) in androgen responsive (AR) and androgen independent (AI) human prostate cancer cells. Based on its inhibition of Akt, we hypothesized that p‐XSC modulates mTORC2, an upstream regulator of the kinase. We further hypothesized that combining p‐XSC with rapamycin, an mTORC1 inhibitor, would be an effective combinatory st...

Radiosensitization induced by the anti-epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibodies cetuximab and nimotuzumab in A431 cells.

Cancer Biology and Therapy — Thu, 12 Jan 2012 04:00:33 +0100

Authors: González JE, Barquinero JF, Lee M, García O, Casacó A Abstract Epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) are over-expressed in a wide range of malignancies including head and neck, colon and breast cancers. It has been identified that carcinomas with high expression levels of EGFR are more resistant to radiotherapy. Therefore, inhibiting nuclear translocation of EGFR to increase the radiosensitivity of malignant cells expressing EGFR offers the potential for increasing the therapeutic index of radiotherapy. The purpose of the present study was to quantify and to compare the radiosensitizing properties of the well known anti-EGFR antibodies, cetuximab and nimotuzumab in human epidermoid A431 overexpressing EGFR cells. Cells were treated with two concentrations of the anti...

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Brain metastasis from colorectal cancer: Prognostic factors and survival

Journal of Surgical Oncology — Sun, 29 Jan 2012 13:15:24 +0100

ConclusionsThe prognosis of patients with BM from CRC was associated with the curability of the therapy for BM, number of metastatic organs, and the serum CEA level. The modality of treatment had no significant impact on the outcome. J. Surg. Oncol © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Journal of Surgical Oncology)

Prognostic Significance of Adenocarcinoma Histology in Women with Cervical Cancer.

Gynecologic Oncology — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: Cervical adenocarcinomas are more common in younger women and white patients. Adenocarcinoma histology negatively impacts survival for both early and advanced-stage carcinomas. PMID: 22266551 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Gynecologic Oncology)

Personalized therapy in breast cancer.

Onkologie — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 02:58:36 +0100

Authors: Marmé F, Schneeweiss A Abstract Systemic treatment of non-metastatic breast cancer is based on endocrine therapy, cytotoxic chemotherapy, and molecular targeted therapy - with the major problems of immense overtreatment of patients who would not relapse without systemic therapy and the failure of treatment in others whose disease still recurs. These deficits can only be overcome by the identification of new and better prognostic and predictive markers. Currently, adjuvant treatment stratification is based on a limited number of established factors, namely locoregional tumour stage, age, grade, expression of hormone receptors, HER2, and Ki-67. Molecular profiling techniques, however, have revolutionized our understanding of breast cancer as a heterogeneous disease. Future ...

Recent developments and future perspectives of personalized oncology.

Onkologie — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 02:58:36 +0100

Authors: Grüllich C, von Kalle C Abstract Increasing understanding of molecular carcinogenesis has begun to change paradigms in oncology. On the diagnostic side, the characterization of key mutations and molecular pathways responsible for tumor development and progression has led to the identification of a large number of potential targets for diagnostic and therapeutic intervention. On the treatment and prevention side, molecular analysis will be of even greater importance for guiding individualized therapy. Diagnostics of molecular lesions present in each tumor will become a key feature of future clinical care. This will allow prediction of response with substantially increased accuracy, stratification of particular patient groups, and eventually personalization of therapy. Stri...

Laser cordectomy offers good outcomes in elderly glottic carcinoma patients

MedWire News - Oncology — Sun, 29 Jan 2012 13:23:43 +0100

Endoscopic laser surgery is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for glottic carcinoma in elderly patients, study findings show. (Source: MedWire News - Oncology)

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Drug Approved for Advanced Kidney Cancer

Cancercompass News: Other Cancer — Sun, 29 Jan 2012 00:00:00 +0100

Inlyta is for people who don't respond to another drug (Source: Cancercompass News: Other Cancer)

Are the psychological needs of adolescent survivors of pediatric cancer adequately identified and treated?

Psycho-Oncology — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 13:19:03 +0100

ConclusionsMany adolescent survivors of cancer experience psychological difficulties that are not adequately managed by current services, underscoring the need for long‐term surveillance. In addition to prescribing regular psychological evaluations, clinicians should closely monitor whether current support services appropriately meet survivors' needs, particularly for lower‐income survivors and those treated with cranial radiation therapy. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (Source: Psycho-Oncology)

Atorvastatin delays progression of pancreatic lesions to carcinoma by regulating PI3/AKT signaling in p48Cre/+.LSL‐KrasG12D/+ mice

International Journal of Cancer — Sun, 29 Jan 2012 13:05:18 +0100

AbstractPancreatic cancer is the one of most common causes of cancer deaths and has the worst prognosis. Clinical observational studies suggest that statins may reduce the risk of pancreatic cancer. The chemopreventive efficacy of the statin atorvastatin (Lipitor®) and the role of the phosphatidyl‐inositol 3‐kinase(PI3/AKT) signaling pathway were evaluated for the progression of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasms (PanINs) to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in conditional p48Cre/+‐LSL‐KrasG12D/+ transgenic mice. Six‐week old male p48Cre/+‐LSL‐KrasG12D/+ (20/group) mice were fed AIN‐76A diets containing 0, 200, and 400 ppm atorvastatin for 35 weeks. At termination, pancreata were evaluated histopathologically for PanINs and PDAC, and for various PI3/AKT signaling m...

Expression of the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Pathway Markers in Lung Adenocarcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Karger Publishers — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 12:50:45 +0100

Pathobiology 2012;79:84–93 (DOI:10.1159/000334340) (Source: Karger Publishers)

MedWorm: Cancer & Oncology Top 20

Scientists target cholesterol to treat brain tumors

Adverse Drug Reactions in a Complementary Medicine Hospital: A Prospective, Intensified Surveillance Study

Health Care Seeking Behavior among Caregivers of Sick Children Who Had Cerebral Malaria in Northwestern Nigeria

Gynecologic Cancer

Inhibition of STAT1 sensitizes renal cell carcinoma cells to radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

Hereditary ovarian cancer: Beyond the usual suspects.

Factors affecting participation in group intervention in patients after adjuvant treatment for early-study breast cancer.

New Biologic Agents for the Treatment of Gynecologic Cancers

Fiber-optic bronchoscope and detection of lung cancer: A five year study.

Remarkable inhibition of mTOR signaling by the combination of rapamycin and 1,4‐phenylenebis(methylene)selenocyanate in human prostate cancer cells

Radiosensitization induced by the anti-epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibodies cetuximab and nimotuzumab in A431 cells.

Brain metastasis from colorectal cancer: Prognostic factors and survival

Prognostic Significance of Adenocarcinoma Histology in Women with Cervical Cancer.

Personalized therapy in breast cancer.

Recent developments and future perspectives of personalized oncology.

Laser cordectomy offers good outcomes in elderly glottic carcinoma patients

Drug Approved for Advanced Kidney Cancer

Are the psychological needs of adolescent survivors of pediatric cancer adequately identified and treated?

Atorvastatin delays progression of pancreatic lesions to carcinoma by regulating PI3/AKT signaling in p48Cre/+.LSL‐KrasG12D/+ mice

Expression of the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Pathway Markers in Lung Adenocarcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Fiber-optic bronchoscope and detection of lung cancer: A five year study.