MedWorm: Endocrinology Top 20

Empagliflozin, a novel potent and selective SGLT‐2 inhibitor, improves glycaemic control alone and in combination with insulin in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats, a model of type 1 diabetes mellitus

Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 19:43:52 +0100

Conclusions– Empagliflozin reduced blood glucose levels in a T1DM animal model. Empagliflozin combined with low‐dose insulin showed comparable glucose lowering efficacy to treatment with high‐dose insulin. Our data suggest that empagliflozin is an efficaciousadjunctive‐to‐insulin therapy with the clinical potential for the treatment of T1DM. (Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism)

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Quality of life reduced in diabetes patients who fear hypoglycemic events

MedWire News - Diabetes — Sun, 29 Jan 2012 19:52:20 +0100

Hypoglycemic symptoms are associated with reduced quality of life and increased fear of hypoglycemia in patients with Type 2 diabetes treated with antihyperglycemic agents, show study findings. (Source: MedWire News - Diabetes)

Effectiveness of interventions for reducing diabetes and cardiovascular disease risk in people with metabolic syndrome: systematic review and mixed treatment comparison meta‐analysis

Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism — Sun, 29 Jan 2012 19:48:28 +0100

Conclusions: Evidence suggests that both lifestyle and pharmacological interventions can reverse metabolic syndrome. However, there is a lack of data on whether these benefits are sustained and translate into longer term prevention of diabetes and/or cardiovascular disease. (Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism)

Short and long sleep duration linked to increased cardiovascular risk

MedWire News - Diabetes — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 19:47:47 +0100

Both short and long sleep duration are associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease in older adults, Australian research shows. (Source: MedWire News - Diabetes)

Maternal consumption of high-fat diet disturbs hypothalamic neuronal function in the offspring: implications for the genesis of obesity.

Endocrinology — Wed, 25 Jan 2012 12:02:59 +0100

Authors: Velloso LA PMID: 22267682 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Endocrinology)

Ethnicity modifies link between HbA1c and FPG in Asian populations

MedWire News - Diabetes — Sun, 05 Feb 2012 19:41:56 +0100

The use of glycated hemoglobin in place of fasting plasma glucose as an indicator for glycemic status will reclassify Asian individuals’ diabetes status differently depending on their ethnicity, show study findings. (Source: MedWire News - Diabetes)

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HbA1c beats FPG at predicting impaired fasting glucose in children

MedWire News - Diabetes — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 20:09:34 +0100

Glycated hemoglobin is better than fasting plasma glucose for predicting impaired glucose tolerance in obese children and adolescents, suggest study findings. (Source: MedWire News - Diabetes)

Sitagliptin Promotes Macrophage‐to‐feces Reverse Cholesterol Transport Through Reduced Intestinal Cholesterol Absorption in Obese Insulin Resistant CETP‐apoB100 Transgenic Mice

Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4) inhibitors improve glycemic control in type 2 diabetes, but their benefits on reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) remain unknown. We evaluated the effects of DPP‐4 inhibitor sitagliptin 500mg/kg/day on RCT in obese insulin resistant CETP‐apoB100 transgenic mice. Metformin 300mg/kg/day orally was used as a reference compound.Both metformin and sitagliptin showed the expected effects on glucose parameters. Although no significant effect was observed on total cholesterol and HDL‐c levels, sitagliptin, but not metformin, increased fecal cholesterol mass excretion by 132% (p<0.001 vs. vehicle), suggesting a potent effect on cholesterol metabolism.Mice were then injected i.p. with 3H‐cholesterol labelled macrophages to measure RCT over 48 hours. Comp...

Newly diagnosed diabetics have a while to lower BP without medication

MedWire News - Diabetes — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 20:37:57 +0100

Individuals with newly diagnosed diabetes and hypertension may have up to a year to try lowering their blood pressure through lifestyle modification before having to resort to antihypertensive medication, shows a US study. (Source: MedWire News - Diabetes)

Contraception, and pregnancy in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: a review

Pediatric Diabetes — Sun, 29 Jan 2012 19:41:04 +0100

Codner E, Soto N, Merino PM. Review of puberty, contraception, and pregnancy in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.Adolescence is a critical period for girls with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D). Reproductive issues, such as menstrual abnormalities, risk of an unplanned pregnancy, and contraception, should be addressed during this phase of life. This paper reviews several reproductive issues that are important in the care of adolescents, including pubertal development, menstrual abnormalities, ovulatory function, reproductive problems, the effects of hyperglycemia, contraception, and treatment of an unplanned pregnancy.A review of the literature was conducted. A MEDLINE search January 1966 to March 2011 was performed using the following MESH terms: puberty, menarche, ovary, polycystic ovary s...

Interactions of amylinergic and melanocortinergic systems in the control of food intake and body weight in rodents.

Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 20:05:55 +0100

Conclusions. Although amylin's acute anorexigenic effects are somewhat blunted in MC4R deficiency and those of MC4R agonism in amylin deficiency, these effects are surmountable with pharmacological administration lending therapeutic potential to combined amylin/melanocortin agonism for obesity. (Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism)

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Evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies that NFκB within the pituitary folliculostellate cells and corticotrophs regulates ACTH secretion in experimental endotoxaemia.

Journal of Neuroendocrinology — Sun, 29 Jan 2012 19:41:12 +0100

AbstractThe HPA responses to bacterial infection are mediated, in part, by actions of LPS on pituitary folliculostellate (FS) cells which release pro‐inflammatory cytokines (e.g. IL‐6) and thereby facilitate ACTH release from neighbouring corticotrophs. Here we used two murine pituitary cell lines [TtT/GF (FS cells) and AtT20 D16:16 (corticotrophs)], alone and in co‐culture, and an in vivo model of endotoxaemia to examine the potential role of NFκB in mediating LPS‐induced ACTH secretion. Both cell lines expressed mRNAs for the key components of the LPS signalling system. LPS stimulated IL‐6 release from TtT/GF cells via a glucocorticoid‐sensitive, NFκB‐dependent mechanism; it also activated NFκB in AtT20 cells, as too did CRH. IL‐6 potentiated but LPS reduced the stimul...

Safety and tolerability of linagliptin: a pooled analysis of data from randomized controlled trials in 3572 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: This pooled analysis shows that linagliptin is well tolerated, with a low risk of hypoglycaemia. (Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism)

Nesfatin‐1 Suppresses Energy Intake, Co‐localises Ghrelin in the Brain and Gut, and Alters Ghrelin, Cholecystokinin and Orexin mRNA Expression in Goldfish

Journal of Neuroendocrinology — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 20:29:22 +0100

Nesfatin‐1 is a novel anorectic peptide encoded in the precursor protein nucleobindin‐2 (NUCB2). We recently reported the presence and appetite suppressing effects of nesfatin‐1 in goldfish. Nesfatin‐1 has been co‐localised with ghrelin in the stomach of rats. Whether nesfatin‐1 influences other appetite regulatory peptides in goldfish remains unclear. The main objectives of the present study were to investigate whether nesfatin‐1 co‐localises ghrelin in goldfish, and to test whether exogenous nesfatin‐1 influences endogenous ghrelin, cholecystokinin (CCK) and orexin A (OXA). We found co‐localisation of nesfatin‐1‐like and ghrelin‐like immunoreactivity in the enteroendocrine cells of the goldfish anterior intestine (J‐loop). Furthermore, co‐localisation of ghr...

FTO and Obesity: A Problem for a Billion People

Journal of Neuroendocrinology — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 20:29:26 +0100

SummaryIt is an inescapable fact that obesity results from consuming more energy than you burn. The interesting question, however, is why some people eat more than others? Recent genetic analyses have revealed that variations in the fat mass and obesity‐associated (FTO) gene are robustly associated with obesity and increased food intake. This association is replicable across different age groups in multiple populations and attention is now turned to studying the complex biology of FTO. (Source: Journal of Neuroendocrinology)

Epidermal Growth Factor‐Activated Extracellular Signal‐Regulated Kinase Suppresses Growth Hormone Expression and Stimulates Proliferation in MtT/ E Cells

Journal of Neuroendocrinology — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 20:29:20 +0100

The mechanism for the inhibition of growth hormone (GH) expression by the epidermal growth factor (EGF) was examined in two clonal cell lines, MtT/E and MtT/S. The former has a negligible basal level of GH, whereas the latter has a high basal GH. The treatment of MtT/E cells with retinoic acid resulted in a significant increase in GH mRNA and subsequently GH. This stimulatory response to retinoic acid was strongly suppressed by EGF. This suppression was associated with an increase in the phosphorylation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1 and 2 (Erk1/2). The MEK [mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinases that activate ERK1 and ERK2] inhibitor, PD98059, clearly inhibited the phosphorylation of Erk1/2 and restored the stimulatory effects of retinoic acid. These results sugge...

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Response to Nair et al. The Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD‐EPI) formula performs worse than the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation in estimating glomerular filtration rate in Type 2 diabetic chronic kidney disease

Diabetic Medicine — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 20:29:30 +0100

(Source: Diabetic Medicine)

Erratum

Pediatric Diabetes — Sun, 29 Jan 2012 19:41:09 +0100

(Source: Pediatric Diabetes)

Response to Alleyn et al. Comparison of longitudinal point‐of‐care and high‐performance liquid chromatography HbA1c measurements in a multi‐centre trial

Diabetic Medicine — Sun, 29 Jan 2012 19:42:43 +0100

(Source: Diabetic Medicine)

Asymmetrical attenuation of vibration sensation in unilateral diabetic Charcot foot neuroarthropathy

Diabetic Medicine — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 20:00:19 +0100

Conclusions: Asymmetrical attenuation of vibration sensation may predict the side that will develop a Charcot joint and may suggest a more important role for vibration sense loss than loss of other sensory modalities in the pathophysiology of Charcot.© 2012 The Authors. Diabetic Medicine © 2012 Diabetes UK (Source: Diabetic Medicine)