MedWorm: Endocrinology

Glucose-lowering therapy in diabetes ‘slows vasculopathy progression’

MedWire News - Diabetes — Sat, 21 Nov 2009 14:10:15 +0100

Glucose-lowering therapy in people with diabetes improves the structure and function of the vasculature, which in turn helps slow the progression of coronary artery calcification, research suggests. (Source: MedWire News - Diabetes)

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November Is Diabetes Awareness Month, But Independence Blue Cross Fights This Growing And Devastating Disease Every Day

Diabetes News From Medical News Today — Sat, 21 Nov 2009 09:00:00 +0100

IBC received one of the top corporate team awards from the American Diabetes Association (ADA) after mobilizing a team of nearly 400 walkers who raised $36,000 through donations and its corporate matching gift program for the ADA's Step Out: Walk to Fight Diabetes presented by Independence Blue Cross (IBC). This fall, more than 3,500 people gathered to participate in the ADA's signature fundraising walk that takes place in 160 cities across the country. (Source: Diabetes News From Medical News Today)

Unaware And At-Risk

Diabetes News From Medical News Today — Sat, 21 Nov 2009 09:00:00 +0100

The incidence of Type 2 diabetes has increased significantly over the last two decades, affecting both women and men alike. Obesity, often the result of unhealthy diets and lack of exercise, is a major contributor to the development of Type 2 diabetes. But despite the large number of cases diagnosed in the United States, many Americans still lack basic knowledge about the disease. (Source: Diabetes News From Medical News Today)

KineMed Receives An Investigator-Initiated Study Grant To Further Explore Mechanism(s) Of Action Associated With Welchol® In Type 2 Diabetes Melli

Diabetes News From Medical News Today — Sat, 21 Nov 2009 03:00:00 +0100

KineMed, Inc., a translational and personalized medicine development company, announced today that the company has received an investigator initiated study grant from Daiichi Sankyo, Inc. to conduct a clinical study designed to better understand and characterize the beneficial effects of Welchol® (colesevelam HCl) in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). (Source: Diabetes News From Medical News Today)

Long-term Fenretinide treatment prevents high-fat diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis

AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 23:29:18 +0100

In conclusion, long-term therapy with FEN partially prevents or reverses obesity, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis in mice on HFD. The anti-adiposity effects are independent of the RBP4 lowering effect. (Source: AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism)

Lactate distribution in culture medium of human myometrial biopsies incubated under different conditions

AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 23:29:18 +0100

It is generally believed that a relationship exists between muscle fatigue and intracellular accumulation of lactate. This reasoning is relevant to obstetrical issues. Myocytes in uterus work together during labor, and the contractions need to be strong and synchronized for a child to be delivered. At labor dystocia, the progress of labor becomes slow or arrested after a normal beginning. It has been described that, during labor dystocia, when the force of the contractions is low, the uterus is under hypoxia, and anaerobic conditions with high levels of lactate in amniotic fluid dominate. The purpose of this study was to examine whether myometrial cells are involved in the production of lactate in amniotic fluid and whether there are differences in production and distribution of lactate in...

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Functional analysis of FSP27 protein regions for lipid droplet localization, caspase-dependent apoptosis, and dimerization with CIDEA

AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 23:29:18 +0100

The adipocyte-specific protein FSP27, also known as CIDEC, is one of three cell death-inducing DFF45-like effector (CIDE) proteins. The first known function for CIDEs was promotion of apoptosis upon ectopic expression in mammalian cells. Recent studies in endogenous settings demonstrated key roles for CIDEs in energy metabolism. FSP27 is a lipid droplet-associated protein whose heterologous expression enhances formation of enlarged lipid droplets and is required for unilocular lipid droplets typical of white adipocytes in vivo. Here, we delineate relationships between apoptotic function and lipid droplet localization of FSP27. We demonstrate that ectopic expression of FSP27 induces enlarged lipid droplets in multiple human cell lines, which is indicative that its mechanism involves ubiquit...

Role of the AMPK{gamma}3 isoform in hypoxia-stimulated glucose transport in glycolytic skeletal muscle

AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 23:29:18 +0100

Skeletal muscle glucose transport is regulated via the canonical insulin-signaling cascade as well as by energy-sensing signals. 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been implicated in the energy status regulation of glucose transport. We determined the role of the AMPK3 isoform in hypoxia-mediated energy status signaling and glucose transport in fast-twitch glycolytic extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle from AMPK3-knockout (KO) mice and wild-type mice. Although hypoxia increased glucose transport (P < 0.001) in wild-type mice, this effect was attenuated in AMPK3-KO mice (45% reduction, P < 0.01). The role of Ca2+-mediated signaling was tested using the Ca2+/calmodulin competitive inhibitor KN-93. KN-93 exposure reduced hypoxia-mediated glucose transport in AMPK3-KO and wild...

Pigment epithelium-derived factor suppresses adipogenesis via inhibition of the MAPK/ERK pathway in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes

AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 23:29:18 +0100

We previously reported that circulating levels of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), a newly identified adipokine, are increased in patients with type 2 diabetes, correlating with body mass index. However, the role of PEDF in adipogenesis remains elusive. In the present study, we have investigated the effects and mechanisms of PEDF on adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes was induced in the presence or absence of human recombinant PEDF protein. The effects of PEDF on adipogenic gene expression, mitotic clonal expansion (MCE), and MAPK activation were investigated. Physiological concentrations of human PEDF protein inhibited adipocyte differentiation, evidenced by decreased lipid accumulation, downregulation of adipocyte markers, a...

Attenuation of diabetes-induced renal dysfunction by multiple exposures to low-dose radiation is associated with the suppression of systemic and renal inflammation

AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 23:29:18 +0100

Renal protection against diabetes-induced pathogenic injuries by multiple exposures to low-dose radiation (LDR) was investigated to develop a novel approach to the prevention of renal disease for diabetic subjects. C57BL/6J mice were given multiple low-dose streptozotocin (STZ; 60 x 6 mg/kg) to produce a type 1 diabetes. Two weeks after diabetes onset, some of diabetic mice and age-matched nondiabetic mice were exposed whole body to 25 mGy X-rays every other day for 2, 4, 8, 12, and 16 wk. Diabetes caused a significant renal dysfunction, shown by time-dependent increase in urinary microalbumin (Malb) and decrease in urinary creatinine (Cre), and pathological changes, shown by significant increases in renal structural changes and PAS-positive staining. However, diabetes-induced renal dysfun...

Activation of sodium-glucose cotransporter 1 ameliorates hyperglycemia by mediating incretin secretion in mice

AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 23:29:18 +0100

Glucose ingestion stimulates the secretion of the incretin hormones, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). Despite the critical role of incretins in glucose homeostasis, the mechanism of glucose-induced incretin secretion has not been established. We investigated the underlying mechanism of glucose-induced incretin secretion in vivo in mice. Injection of glucose at 1 g/kg in the upper intestine significantly increased plasma GIP and GLP-1 levels, whereas injection of glucose in the colon did not increase GIP or GLP-1 levels. This finding indicates that the glucose sensor for glucose-induced incretin secretion is in the upper intestine. Coadministration of a sodium-glucose cotransporter-1 (SGLT1) inhibitor, phloridzin, with glucose in the upper ...

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Changed mitochondrial function by pre- and/or postpartum diet alterations in sheep

AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 23:29:18 +0100

We examined mitochondrial function in permeabilized muscle fibers from the lambs at 6 mo of age (adolescence) and after 24 mo of age (adulthood). The postpartum H diet for the lambs induced an ~30% increase (P < 0.05) of mitochondrial Vo2max and an ~50% increase (P < 0.05) of the respiratory coupling ratio (RCR) combined with lower levels of UCP3 and PGC-1 mRNA levels (P < 0.05). These effects proved to be reversible by a normal diet from 6 to 24 mo of age. However, at 24 mo, a long-term effect of the maternal gestational diet restriction (fetal programming) became evident as a lower Vo2max (~40%, P < 0.05), a lower state 4 respiration (~40%, P < 0.05), and lower RCR (~15%, P < 0.05). Both PGC-1 and UCP3 mRNA levels were increased (P < 0.05). Two analyzed muscles were ...

Chronically elevated plasma C-type natriuretic peptide level stimulates skeletal growth in transgenic mice

AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 23:29:18 +0100

C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) plays a critical role in endochondral ossification through guanylyl cyclase-B (GC-B), a natriuretic peptide receptor subtype. Cartilage-specific overexpression of CNP enhances skeletal growth and rescues the dwarfism in a transgenic achondroplasia model with constitutive active mutation of fibroblast growth factor receptor-3. For future clinical application, the efficacy of CNP administration on skeletal growth must be evaluated. Due to the high clearance of CNP, maintaining a high concentration is technically difficult. However, to model high blood CNP concentration, we established a liver-targeted CNP-overexpressing transgenic mouse (SAP-CNP tgm). SAP-CNP tgm exhibited skeletal overgrowth in proportion to the blood CNP concentration and revealed phenotype...

Quantification of pancreatic islet distribution in situ in mice

AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 23:29:18 +0100

Tracing changes of specific cell populations in health and disease is an important goal of biomedical research. Precisely monitoring pancreatic β-cell proliferation and islet growth is a challenging area of research. We have developed a method to capture the distribution of β-cells in the intact pancreas of transgenic mice with fluorescence-tagged β-cells with a macro written for ImageJ (rsb.info.nih.gov/ij/). Total β-cell area and islet number and size distribution are quantified with reference to specific parameters and location for each islet and for small clusters of β-cells. The entire distribution of islets can now be plotted in three dimensions, and the information from the distribution on the size and shape of each islet allows a quantitative and a qualitat...

VLDL-TG kinetics: a dual isotope study for quantifying VLDL-TG pool size, production rates, and fractional oxidation in humans

AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 23:29:18 +0100

Very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) are large, complex particles containing both surface proteins (e.g., ApoB100) and core lipids, e.g., cholesterol and triglycerides (TG). Whereas ApoB100 kinetics have been thoroughly studied, accurate measurement of VLDL-TG kinetics have proven difficult due to either complex mathematics or laborious procedures. The present study was therefore designed to measure VLDL-TG kinetics by dual isotope ex vivo labeled VLDL-TG tracers and well-established kinetics equations (bolus injection or the primed continuous infusion). Ten healthy Caucasian men [age, 23 ± 3 yr old (mean ± SD); body mass index, 24.7 ± 1.3 kg/m2] were included in the study. VLDL-TG rate of appearance (Ra) was measured using a dual-tracer technique ([9,10-3H]-labeled V...

mTOR, AMPK, and GCN2 coordinate the adaptation of hepatic energy metabolic pathways in response to protein intake in the rat

AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 23:29:18 +0100

Three transduction pathways are involved in amino acid (AA) sensing in liver: mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and general control nondepressible kinase 2 (GCN2). However, no study has investigated the involvement of these signaling pathways in hepatic AA sensing. To address the question of liver AA sensing and signaling in response to a high-protein (HP) dietary supply, we investigated the changes in the phosphorylation state of hepatic mTOR (p-mTOR), AMPK (p-AMPK), and GCN2 (p-GCN2) by Western blotting. In rats fed a HP diet for 14 days, the hepatic p-AMPK and p-GCN2 were lower (P < 0.001), and those of both the p-mTOR and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein-1 phosphorylation (p-4E-BP1) were higher (P < 0.01) compared with rats ...

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Deletion of Fas in the pancreatic {beta}-cells leads to enhanced insulin secretion

AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 23:29:18 +0100

The objective of this study is to determine the role of Fas specifically in β-cells under both physiological and diabetes models. Mice with Fas deletion specifically in the β-cells were generated using the Cre-loxP system. Cre-mediated Fas deletion was under the control of the rat insulin promoter. Absence of Fas in β-cells leads to complete protection against FasL-induced cell death. However, Fas is not essential in determining β-cell mass or susceptibility to streptozotocin- or HFD-induced diabetes. Importantly, Fas deletion in β-cells leads to increased p65 expression, enhanced glucose tolerance, and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, with increased exocytosis as manifested by increased changes in membrane capacitance and increased expression of Syntaxin1A, V...

Different impacts of saturated and unsaturated free fatty acids on COX-2 expression in C2C12 myotubes

AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 23:29:18 +0100

In skeletal muscle, saturated free fatty acids (FFAs) act as proinflammatory stimuli, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is a pro/anti-inflammatory enzyme induced at sites of inflammation, which contributes to prostaglandin production. However, little is known about the regulation of COX-2 expression and its responses to FFAs in skeletal muscle. Herein, we examined the effects of saturated and unsaturated FFAs, including a recently identified lipokine (lipid hormone derived from adipocytes), palmitoleate, on COX-2 expression in C2C12 myotubes as a skeletal muscle model. Exposure of myotubes to saturated FFAs [palmitate (16:0) and stearate (18:0)], but not to unsaturated FFAs [palmitoleate (16:1), oleate (18:1), and linoleate (18:2)], led to a slow-onset induction of COX-2 expression and subseque...

USP19-deubiquitinating enzyme regulates levels of major myofibrillar proteins in L6 muscle cells

AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 23:29:17 +0100

The ubiquitin-proteasome system plays an important role in the degradation of myofibrillar proteins that occurs in muscle wasting. Many studies have demonstrated the importance of enzymes mediating conjugation of ubiquitin. However, little is known about the role of deubiquitinating enzymes. We previously showed that the USP19-deubiquitinating enzyme is induced in atrophying skeletal muscle (Combaret L, Adegoke OA, Bedard N, Baracos V, Attaix D, Wing SS. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 288: E693–E700, 2005). To further explore the role of USP19, we used small interfering RNA (siRNA) in L6 muscle cells. Lowering USP19 by 70–90% in myotubes resulted in a 20% decrease in the rate of proteolysis and an 18% decrease in the rate of protein synthesis, with no net change in protein conte...

A regulatory role of LPCAT1 in the synthesis of inflammatory lipids, PAF and LPC, in the retina of diabetic mice

AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 23:29:17 +0100

Platelet-activating factor (PAF) and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) are potent inflammatory lipids. Elevated levels of PAF and LPC are associated with the onset of diabetic retinopathy and neurodegeneration. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying such defects remain elusive. LPCAT1 is a newly reported lysophospholipid acyltransferase implicated in the anti-inflammatory response by its role in conversion of LPC to PC. Intriguingly, the LPCAT1 enzyme also catalyzes the synthesis of PAF from lyso-PAF with use of acetyl-CoA as a substrate. The present studies investigated regulatory roles of LPCAT1 in the synthesis of inflammatory lipids during the onset of diabetes. Our work shows that LPCAT1 plays an important role in the inactivation of PAF by catalyzing the synthesis of alkyl-PC, an i...

Regulation of food intake and body weight by recombinant proghrelin

AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 23:29:17 +0100

Ghrelin is a 28-amino-acid hormone derived from the endoproteolytic processing of its prehormone proghrelin. Although ghrelin has been reported to regulate food intake and body weight, it is still unknown whether proghrelin exercises any biological function. Here we show that recombinant proghrelin alters food intake and energy metabolism in mice. After intraperitoneal administration of recombinant proghrelin (100 nmol/kg body wt), cumulative food intake was significantly increased at days 1, 2, and 3 (6 ± 0.3, 13 ± 0.5, and 20 ± 0.8 g vs. 5 ± 0.2, 10 ± 0.2, and 16 ± 0.3 g of the control mice receiving normal saline, respectively, n = 6, P < 0.05). Twelve-hour cumulative food intake in the light photo period in mice treated with proghrelin incre...

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Short-term prednisone use antagonizes insulin's anabolic effect on muscle protein and glucose metabolism in young healthy people

AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 23:29:17 +0100

Glucocorticoids cause muscle atrophy and weakness, but the mechanisms for these effects are unclear. The purpose of this study was to test a hypothesis that prednisone (Pred) counteracts insulin's anabolic effects on muscle. A randomized, double-blind cross-over design was used to test the effects of 6 days either Pred (0.8 mg·kg–1·day–1) or placebo use in seven healthy young volunteers. Protein dynamics were measured across the leg using stable isotope tracers of leucine (Leu) and phenylalanine (Phe) after overnight fast and during a hyperinsulinemic (1.5 µU·min–1·kg FFM–1) euglycemic clamp with amino acid replacement. Fasting glucose, amino acids, insulin, and glucagon were higher (P < 0.01) on Pred vs. placebo, whereas leg blo...

Recent advances in understanding leptin signaling and leptin resistance

AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 23:29:17 +0100

The brain controls energy homeostasis and body weight by integrating various metabolic signals. Leptin, an adipose-derived hormone, conveys critical information about peripheral energy storage and availability to the brain. Leptin decreases body weight by both suppressing appetite and promoting energy expenditure. Leptin directly targets hypothalamic neurons, including AgRP and POMC neurons. These leptin-responsive neurons widely connect to other neurons in the brain, forming a sophisticated neurocircuitry that controls energy intake and expenditure. The anorexigenic actions of leptin are mediated by LEPRb, the long form of the leptin receptor, in the hypothalamus. LEPRb activates both JAK2-dependent and -independent pathways, including the STAT3, PI 3-kinase, MAPK, AMPK, and mTOR pathways...

Translational implications of nongenomic actions of thyroid hormone initiated at its integrin receptor

AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 23:29:17 +0100

A thyroid hormone receptor on integrin vβ3 that mediates cell surface-initiated nongenomic actions of thyroid hormone on tumor cell proliferation and on angiogenesis has been described. Transduction of the hormone signal into these recently recognized proliferative effects is by extracellular-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2). Other nongenomic actions of the hormone may be transduced by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and are initiated in cytoplasm or at the cell surface. PI3K-mediated effects are important to angiogenesis or other recently appreciated cell functions but apparently not to tumor cell division. For those actions of thyroid hormone [l-thyroxine (T4) and 3,3'-5-triiodo-l-thyronine (T3)] that begin at the integrin receptor, tetraiodothyroacetic acid (tetrac) is an inhibi...

The search for the membrane thyroid hormone receptor

AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 23:29:17 +0100

(Source: AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism)

Follicular origins of modern reproductive endocrinology

AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 23:29:17 +0100

This essay looks at the historical significance of the APS Classic Paper: Allen E, Doisy EA. The induction of a sexually mature condition in immature females by injection of the ovarian follicular hormone. Am J Physiol 69: 577–588, 1924 (http://ajplegacy.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/69/3/577). (Source: AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism)

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Protamine-based insulin non-inferior to detemir for glycemic control

MedWire News - Diabetes — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 14:09:33 +0100

A novel insulin formulation, insulin lispro protamine suspension, is non-inferior to insulin detemir for improving glycemic control in patients with Type 2 diabetes that is poorly controlled on oral hypoglycemic drugs, a randomized trial has shown. (Source: MedWire News - Diabetes)

SfE BES 2010: Call for clinical cases and basic science issues

SfE - Dates and Deadlines — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 12:00:00 +0100

Deadline for basic science and clinical submissions: 18 January 2010. Further information (Source: SfE - Dates and Deadlines)

Invitation for Basic Science and Clinical Cases - SfE BES 2010

Society for Endocrinology — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 12:00:00 +0100

New for SfE BES 2010 - Invitation for basic science cases For SfE BES 2010, the Society is introducing a number of Basic Science Meet the Expert sessions. These will be relatively informal sessions with discussion based around new basic science technologies. If you would like to submit a specific issue to be discussed by the experts, please send a synopsis of the issue in a Word document (max. 300 words) to: conferences@endocrinology.org. The Basic Science Meet the Expert sessions will include: Metabolomics:challenges and rewards of deciphering the metabolome in diabetes and obesity; Resources in bioinformatics-How can it help your research?; and Mutagenesis resources - How to get your knock out mouse cheap and quick. The deadline for submissions is 18 January 2010. Invitation for Clinic...

Echo Therapeutics Announces Positive Results Of A Clinical Study Testing Symphony(TM) TCGM System In Patients With Type 1 And Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes News From Medical News Today — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 10:00:00 +0100

Echo Therapeutics, Inc. (OTC Bulletin Board: ECTE), a company developing its needle-free Symphony(TM) tCGM System as a non-invasive, wireless, transdermal continuous glucose monitoring (tCGM) system and the Prelude(TM) SkinPrep System for transdermal drug delivery, today announced positive results of a clinical study of its Symphony tCGM System in patients with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes. (Source: Diabetes News From Medical News Today)

Islet Cell Transplantation In Scotland

Diabetes News From Medical News Today — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 10:00:00 +0100

The Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service has opened a new laboratory in Edinburgh to offer around 12 people a year islet cell transplant therapy. Islet cell transplant therapy is a pioneering treatment for diabetes that was part-funded by Diabetes UK in its research stages. About islets Islets are groups of cells in the pancreas that contain the insulin-producing beta cells. (Source: Diabetes News From Medical News Today)

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American Diabetes Association Launches New Diabetes.org, Building A Community Of Help, Hope And Support

Diabetes News From Medical News Today — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 10:00:00 +0100

To meet the changing needs of people affected by this growing epidemic, the American Diabetes Association has launched a completely redesigned http://www.diabetes.org in English and Spanish. Even though diabetes is a growing epidemic, a recent survey conducted by the Association showed that Americans received a failing grade in diabetes awareness. (Source: Diabetes News From Medical News Today)

More Obesity, Diabetes in South, Appalachia

MedicineNet Diabetes General — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 07:00:00 +0100

Title: More Obesity, Diabetes in South, AppalachiaCategory: Health NewsCreated: 11/20/2009 11:08:00 AMLast Editorial Review: 11/20/2009 11:08:03 AM (Source: MedicineNet Diabetes General)

Long sleep duration may increase risk for Type 2 diabetes

MedWire News - Diabetes — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Long sleep duration is associated with increased risk for Type 2 diabetes, but the excess risk may be at least partly ameliorated by weight reduction, improved diet, and increased physical activity, say researchers. (Source: MedWire News - Diabetes)

Unapproved SARM Drug Turns Up on Black Market

MedPage Today Endocrinology — Thu, 19 Nov 2009 14:27:48 +0100

A failed drug candidate for muscle wasting in cancer patients now appears to be making a comeback as an illicit performance-enhancing drug for bodybuilders and fitness enthusiasts. (Source: MedPage Today Endocrinology)

Influence of Fructose Concentration on Myocardial Infarction in Senile Diabetic and Non-diabetic Patients

Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology and Diabetes — Thu, 19 Nov 2009 14:15:55 +0100

This study aims to determine the fructose concentration and correlate with antioxidant status in senile diabetic and non-diabetic patients with myocardial infarction.[...]© J. A. Barth Verlag in Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New YorkGet connected:Table of contents | Abstract | Full text (Source: Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology and Diabetes)

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Comparative Study of Low-dose Pioglitazone or Metformin Treatment in Japanese Diabetic Patients with Metabolic Syndrome

Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology and Diabetes — Thu, 19 Nov 2009 14:15:55 +0100

Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2009; 117: 593-599DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1202792AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine whether a relatively low dose of pioglitazone or metformin was effective in diabetic patients with metabolic syndrome. Fifty diabetic patients with metabolic syndrome were randomly assigned to a low-dose pioglitazone (15 mg/day) treatment group or a low-dose metformin (500 mg/day) treatment group. Drugs were administered for 12 weeks. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, body mass index, triglyceride (TG), HDL and LDL-cholesterol, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting plasma insulin (IRI), postprandial glucose, and HOMA-IR in the 75gOGTT, HbA1c, high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) determined by cervical artery echography, and pulse wave velocity (PWV)...

Evaluation of Beta Cell Dysfunction by Mixed Meal Tolerance Test and Oral L-arginine in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology and Diabetes — Thu, 19 Nov 2009 14:15:55 +0100

Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2009; 117: 573-576DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1234087Abstract Defective insulin secretion is required for the development of frank diabetes mellitus. We evaluated the secretory response of pancreatic beta cells after the ingestion of mixed meal plus oral L-arginine in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients.[...]© J. A. Barth Verlag in Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New YorkGet connected:Table of contents | Abstract | Full text (Source: Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology and Diabetes)

Obesity and Cancer

Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology and Diabetes — Thu, 19 Nov 2009 14:15:55 +0100

Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2009; 117: 563-566DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1241870AbstractEpidemiological studies have suggested that obesity is associated with increased risk of several cancer types including colon, esophagus, breast (in postmenopausal women), endometrium, kidney, liver, gallbladder and pancreas. Suggested mechanisms include increased intake of potentially carcinogenic food ingredients along with excessive amount of calories, loss of cancer protective effects due to reduced physical activity, carcinogenic factors released from increased adipose tissue mass and “secondary” associations via “precursor” condition such as gallstones. The increased cancer risk in patients with obesity is a neglected topic which deserves more scientific attention. Because of its...

Diabetes, Obesity, Insulin Resistance: Different Pathways to Cancer?

Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology and Diabetes — Thu, 19 Nov 2009 14:15:55 +0100

Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2009; 117: 561-562DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1241797© J. A. Barth Verlag in Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New YorkGet connected:Table of contents | Full text (Source: Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology and Diabetes)

Low-dose aspirin therapy shows no CVD benefit for Type 2 diabetics

MedWire News - Diabetes — Thu, 19 Nov 2009 14:15:54 +0100

Results from a Chinese study show that low-dose aspirin therapy appears to convey no benefits for primary or secondary cardiovascular disease prevention for Type 2 diabetes patients. (Source: MedWire News - Diabetes)

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Glucokinase and Glucokinase Regulatory Proteins are Functionally Coexpressed before Birth in the Rat Brain

Journal of Neuroendocrinology — Thu, 19 Nov 2009 14:14:02 +0100

Our previous description of functional glucokinase (GK) isoforms and their interactions with glucokinase regulatory protein (GKRP) in adult rat and human brains suggested that both participate in glucose sensing in the central nervous system. To determine whether both proteins are coexpressed and active before birth or during early post-natal life, we characterised these molecules in the brains of foetal and post-natal pup rats. We found GK and GKRP mRNAs that were similar to those previously reported in the adult rat brain. Likewise, GK and GKRP gene expression gave rise to proteins of 52 and 69 kDa, respectively. Immunohistochemistry experiments showed the colocalisation of both GK and GKRP proteins in the same brain cells of 21-day-old rat foetuses. Furthermore, coprecipitation of GK an...

Preeclampsia Tied to Future Thyroid Issues (CME/CE)

MedPage Today Endocrinology — Thu, 19 Nov 2009 12:59:31 +0100

Women who develop preeclampsia during pregnancy are at increased risk of hypothyroidism later in life, researchers said. (Source: MedPage Today Endocrinology)

Senior Clinical Fellow in Endocrine Surgery, London

Society for Endocrinology — Thu, 19 Nov 2009 12:00:00 +0100

Via healthjobsuk.com. King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust have a vacancy for a Senior Clinical Fellow in Endocrine Surgery. The 6 month post is designed to underpin the clinical activities of the endocrine surgery team on the King’s Campus whilst we encourage participation in our newly initiated basic science/translational research portfolio. The post is designed to provide end-grade specialty training in endocrine surgery on a senior SpR/pre-consultant level. A transition of the post-holder into an engagement on longer terms is not excluded, but rather welcome provided a suitable skill set is identified. Please note this is a 6 month fixed term contract to commence in January 2010. Application details can be found at the link below; the closing date for applications is 12...

Tackling Diabetes Bullying, UK

Diabetes News From Medical News Today — Thu, 19 Nov 2009 10:00:00 +0100

From 16 to 20 November it is National Anti-Bullying Week, a campaign run by the Anti-Bullying Alliance to raise awareness of bullying and to send the clear message that it is neither acceptable nor inevitable. The theme this year is 'Stay safe in cyberspace', as a recent survey found that more than a third of 12- to 15-year-olds have faced some form of cyberbullying (the use of information technology such as mobile phones and the internet to upset and hurt people). (Source: Diabetes News From Medical News Today)

Two Thirds Of Brits Do Not Know The Difference Between Type 1 And Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes News From Medical News Today — Thu, 19 Nov 2009 10:00:00 +0100

New research out today reveals that less than a third of UK residents (30 per cent) know of type 1 diabetes with a further 59 per cent confusing the autoimmune condition with type 2 diabetes - which can be related to obesity and lack of exercise. Men are the most uneducated about the condition, with only 28 per cent correctly identifying it compared with 32 per cent of women. (Source: Diabetes News From Medical News Today)

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Lifelong Exercise Keeps Seniors Young at Heart

MedicineNet Diabetes General — Thu, 19 Nov 2009 07:00:00 +0100

Title: Lifelong Exercise Keeps Seniors Young at HeartCategory: Health NewsCreated: 11/18/2009 4:10:00 PMLast Editorial Review: 11/19/2009 (Source: MedicineNet Diabetes General)

No Increased Pregnancy Risk for MS Patients

MedicineNet Diabetes General — Thu, 19 Nov 2009 07:00:00 +0100

Title: No Increased Pregnancy Risk for MS PatientsCategory: Health NewsCreated: 11/19/2009 10:42:00 AMLast Editorial Review: 11/19/2009 10:42:22 AM (Source: MedicineNet Diabetes General)

FTO – Friend or Foe?

Hormone and Metabolic Research — Thu, 19 Nov 2009 03:02:49 +0100

Horm Metab ResDOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1241831AbstractFat mass and obesity associated gene () is the most relevant polygene for obesity to date. It has been identified by genome wide association studies concerning body weight regulation. However, its functional relevance for the pathogenesis of obesity remains elusive. Studies in rodents provide data pointing to a central role of through regulation of food intake. In addition, peripheral effects of are also discussed in the literature. This review highlights the possible relevance of for weight regulation and obesity development in central and peripheral tissues with a special focus on adipose tissue.[...]© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New YorkGet connected:Table of contents | Abstract | Full text (Source: Hormone and Metabo...

The role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in the early stage of diabetic retinopathy.

Acta Diabetol AND (h... — Thu, 19 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Li B, Wang HS, Li GG, Zhao MJ, Zhao MH The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in diabetic retinopathy (DR) using in vitro and in vivo models. For the in vivo studies, diabetes was induced in rats, and retinal expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in groups of rats at 1, 3, and 6 months was assessed. For the in vitro studies, human retinal capillary endothelial cells (HRCECs) were cultured in the presence of varying glucose concentrations, and the expression of mRNA and protein for GRP78, ATF4, CHOP, and VEGF was assessed. The chosen glucose concentrations were reflective of those apparent in diabetic...

Serum glycated albumin, but not glycated haemoglobin, is low in relation to glycemia in hyperuricemic men.

Acta Diabetol AND (h... — Thu, 19 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

In this study, we examined the effects of serum uric acid (UA) levels on these glycemic markers. One hundred and ninety-three men with normal glucose tolerance were enrolled in this study. Association of serum UA with BMI, plasma glucose (PG), high sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP), serum GA and HbA(1C) was analysed. Serum UA showed a significant positive correlation with BMI (R = 0.329, P < 0.0001) and hs-CRP (R = 0.306, P < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis revealed serum UA to be a significant positive explanatory variable for hs-CRP. There was a significant positive correlation of serum UA with the 2-h PG after 75 g OGTT but not fasting PG. Although there was no correlation of serum UA with HbA(1C), serum UA showed a significant inverse correlation with both serum GA (R = -0.402, P < 0.00...

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Osteoprotegerin significantly elevated in Type 2 diabetic women

MedWire News - Diabetes — Thu, 19 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

The bone resorption inhibitor osteoprotegerin is significantly elevated in postmenopausal women with Type 2 diabetes compared with nondiabetic controls, say researchers. (Source: MedWire News - Diabetes)

The secretions of oviduct epithelial cells increase the equine in vitro fertilization rate: are osteopontin, atrial natriuretic peptide A and oviductin involved?

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Thu, 19 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Our study shows a beneficial effect of homologous and heterologous oviduct cells on equine IVF rates, though the rates remain low. Furthers studies are necessary to identify the proteins involved. We showed that the surface plasmon resonance technique is efficient and powerful to analyze molecular interactions during fertilization. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Gene expression profiles of mouse spermatogenesis during recovery from irradiation

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Thu, 19 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: The data indicates that recovery of spermatogenesis can be monitored by means of gene expression, which could aid in designing radiation treatment regimes for cancer patients leading to better restoration of spermatogenesis. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Leukocytospermia and sperm preparation - a flow cytometric study

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Thu, 19 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Seminal leukocytes do not seem to influence sperm preparation results. However, for assisted conception, semen samples containing leukocytes should be processed using swim-up method. Although peroxidase-test is recommended by WHO as the standardmethod for determining semen leukocytes, it should not be used in clinical research study. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

American Diabetes Association Convenes 3rd Annual Disparities Conference

Diabetes News From Medical News Today — Wed, 18 Nov 2009 19:00:00 +0100

The American Diabetes Association, the nation's leading voluntary health organization in the fight against diabetes, is bringing together community leaders from around the country for a two-day meeting to discuss major challenges, and to share 'promising practices' to address health disparities faced by minority populations when it comes to the prevention, detection, and management of obesity and type 2 diabetes. (Source: Diabetes News From Medical News Today)

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SMAP may cause increase in CVD risk in Type 2 diabetics with albuminuria

MedWire News - Diabetes — Wed, 18 Nov 2009 14:13:47 +0100

Study results show that Type 2 diabetes patients with albuminuria are significantly more likely to experience spontaneous microaggregation of platelets formed under shear stress than diabetics with normoalbuminuria. (Source: MedWire News - Diabetes)

Sirona Biochem Says New Results From Big Pharma Shows Why SGLT2 Sugar Blockers Are A Major Opportunity In Fighting Diabetes

Diabetes News From Medical News Today — Wed, 18 Nov 2009 10:00:00 +0100

Sirona Biochem Corp. (TSX-V: SBM), an emerging biotech company focused on diabetes and obesity drug development, says the latest results from a clinical trial with a competitor's SGLT Inhibitor demonstrates the major opportunity for the company with its unique molecules. Sirona Biochem CEO, Dr. (Source: Diabetes News From Medical News Today)

Lipid and inflammatory biomarkers and kidney function decline in type 2 diabetes

Diabetologia — Wed, 18 Nov 2009 09:30:25 +0100

Conclusions/interpretation Elevated sTNFR-2 levels may be an important and potentially modifiable risk factor for eGFR decline in type 2 diabetes, especially in those with a BMI of ≥30 kg/m2. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00125-009-1597-zAuthors J. Lin, MRB-4, Brigham and Women’s Hospital Renal Division 75 Francis Street Boston MA 02115 USAF. B. Hu, Harvard Medical School Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital Boston MA USAC. Mantzoros, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine Boston MA USAG. C. Curhan, MRB-4, Brigham and Women’s Hospital Renal Division 75 Francis Street Boston MA 02115 USA Journal DiabetologiaOnline ISSN 1432-0428Print ISSN 0...

Antioxidant Found In Vegetables Has Implications For Treating Cystic Fibrosis

Diabetes News From Medical News Today — Wed, 18 Nov 2009 09:00:00 +0100

Scientists at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine discovered that a dietary antioxidant found in such vegetables as broccoli and cauliflower protects cells from damage caused by chemicals generated during the body's inflammatory response to infection and injury. The finding has implications for such inflammation-based disorders as cystic fibrosis (CF), diabetes, heart disease, and neurodegeneration. (Source: Diabetes News From Medical News Today)

Preeclampsia Linked to Reduced Thyroid Function

MedicineNet Thyroid General — Wed, 18 Nov 2009 07:00:00 +0100

Title: Preeclampsia Linked to Reduced Thyroid FunctionCategory: Health NewsCreated: 11/18/2009 10:27:00 AMLast Editorial Review: 11/18/2009 10:27:52 AM (Source: MedicineNet Thyroid General)

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Obesity Rolling Back Gains in Heart Health

MedicineNet Diabetes General — Wed, 18 Nov 2009 07:00:00 +0100

Title: Obesity Rolling Back Gains in Heart HealthCategory: Health NewsCreated: 11/17/2009 4:10:00 PMLast Editorial Review: 11/18/2009 (Source: MedicineNet Diabetes General)

Incidence of High Cholesterol Drops in U.S.

MedicineNet Diabetes General — Wed, 18 Nov 2009 07:00:00 +0100

Title: Incidence of High Cholesterol Drops in U.S.Category: Health NewsCreated: 11/17/2009 4:10:00 PMLast Editorial Review: 11/18/2009 (Source: MedicineNet Diabetes General)

Weight Loss Surgery Helps Teen's Hearts

MedicineNet Diabetes General — Wed, 18 Nov 2009 07:00:00 +0100

Title: Weight Loss Surgery Helps Teen's HeartsCategory: Health NewsCreated: 11/18/2009 9:55:00 AMLast Editorial Review: 11/18/2009 9:55:16 AM (Source: MedicineNet Diabetes General)

Tween: Child Development

MedicineNet Diabetes General — Wed, 18 Nov 2009 07:00:00 +0100

Title: Tween: Child DevelopmentCategory: Health and LivingCreated: 11/18/2009 10:41:00 AMLast Editorial Review: 11/18/2009 10:41:12 AM (Source: MedicineNet Diabetes General)

Analysis of TPO gene in Turkish children with iodide organification defect: identification of a novel mutation

Endocrine — Wed, 18 Nov 2009 03:47:32 +0100

The objective was to determine molecular genetic analysis of the TPO gene in Turkish children with iodide organification defect (IOD). Patients with a diagnosis of primary hypothyroidism were evaluated. Subjects having a definite diagnosis of autoimmune thyroiditis, thyroid gland dysplasia and, or iodine deficiency were excluded. A total of 10 patients from nine unrelated Turkish families, with an unknown etiology of hypothyroidism, and with a presumptive diagnosis of IOD were included in the study. A perchlorate discharge test (PDT) was performed to all subjects, and sequence analysis of TPO gene was applied in patients with a positive PDT. Five out of 10 patients have a total IOD, while the five remaining patients have a partial IOD according to PDT results. In two sisters, one has ...

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Comparison of lymphomononuclear cell energy metabolism between healthy, impaired glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

Endocrine — Wed, 18 Nov 2009 03:47:31 +0100

In conclusion, we concluded that impaired glucose metabolism could change energy metabolism. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s12020-009-9281-0Authors L. Ozsari, Gülhane Military Medical Academy Department of Internal Medicine Ankara TurkeyN. Karadurmus, Gülhane Military Medical Academy Department of Internal Medicine Ankara TurkeyM. Sahin, Gülhane Military Medical Academy Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Ankara 06010 TurkeyG. Uckaya, Gülhane Military Medical Academy Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Ankara 06010 TurkeyA. U. Ural, Gülhane Military Medical Academy Department of Immunology Ankara TurkeyM. Kutlu, Gülhane Military Medical Academy Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Ankara 06010 Turkey Journal Endocrine...

Age, body mass index, and serum level of DHEA-S can predict glucocorticoid receptor function in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Endocrine — Wed, 18 Nov 2009 03:47:31 +0100

Abstract Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) transduces the glucocorticoid (GC) signal that could lead to metabolic derangements depending on the tissue responsiveness to GC. We aimed to investigate possible causative relation of the GR functional properties in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), with their clinical and biochemical characteristics. Thirty women with PCOS [mean age: 26.5 ± 5.1 years, mean body mass index (BMI) 24.5 ± 5 kg/m2], and thirty respective controls were analyzed for the number of GR sites per cell (B max), apparent equilibrium dissociation constant (K d), and binding potency (GR potency). A strong association between B max and K d (r = 0.70, P < 0.0001),...

Dualities of interest are not restricted to financial ties to the pharmaceutical industry

Diabetologia — Wed, 18 Nov 2009 00:03:09 +0100

Content Type Journal ArticleCategory LetterDOI 10.1007/s00125-009-1603-5Authors M. Nauck, Diabeteszentrum Bad Lauterberg Kirchberg 21 37431 Bad Lauterberg im Harz Germany Journal DiabetologiaOnline ISSN 1432-0428Print ISSN 0012-186X (Source: Diabetologia)

The economic costs of diabetes in Iran: some concerns and recommendations. Reply to Khuwaja AK, Khowaja LA, Cosgrove P [letter]

Diabetologia — Wed, 18 Nov 2009 00:03:09 +0100

Content Type Journal ArticleCategory LetterDOI 10.1007/s00125-009-1601-7Authors A. Esteghamati, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Centre (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, School of Medicine Tehran IranO. Khalilzadeh, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Centre (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, School of Medicine Tehran IranM. Abbasi, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Centre (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, School of Medicine Tehran Iran Journal DiabetologiaOnline ISSN 1432-0428Print ISSN 0012-186X (Source: Diabetologia)

The gait and balance of patients with diabetes can be improved: a randomised controlled trial

Diabetologia — Wed, 18 Nov 2009 00:03:07 +0100

Conclusions/interpretation Specific training can improve gait speed, balance, muscle strength and joint mobility in diabetic patients. Further studies are needed to explore the influence of these improvements on the number of reported falls, patients’ physical activity levels and quality of life. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00637546 Funding: This work was supported by the Swiss National Foundation (SNF): PBSKP-123446/1/ Content Type Journal ArticleCategory ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00125-009-1592-4Authors L. Allet, Maastricht University and Caphri Research School Department of Epidemiology Maastricht the NetherlandsS. Armand, Geneva University Hospital and University of Geneva Willy Taillard Laboratory of Kinesiology Genev...

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Erratum to: Reduced AMP-activated protein kinase activity in mouse skeletal muscle does not exacerbate the development of insulin resistance with obesity

Diabetologia — Wed, 18 Nov 2009 00:03:06 +0100

Content Type Journal ArticleCategory ErratumDOI 10.1007/s00125-009-1583-5Authors S. Beck Jørgensen, University of Melbourne St Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research and Department of Medicine Fitzroy VIC AustraliaH. M. O’Neill, University of Melbourne St Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research and Department of Medicine Fitzroy VIC AustraliaK. Hewitt, University of Melbourne St Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research and Department of Medicine Fitzroy VIC AustraliaB. E. Kemp, University of Melbourne St Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research and Department of Medicine Fitzroy VIC AustraliaG. R. Steinberg, University of Melbourne St Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research and Department of Medicine Fitzroy VIC Australia Journal DiabetologiaOnline ISSN 1432-0428Prin...

Elderly diabetes patients should be assessed for comorbid conditions

MedWire News - Diabetes — Wed, 18 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Elderly individuals with Type 2 diabetes have significant numbers of comorbid conditions that increase the risk for prescription of inappropriate drugs and treatment conflicts, say Australian researchers. (Source: MedWire News - Diabetes)

Enhanced ERbeta immunoexpression and apoptosis in the germ cells of cimetidine-treated rats

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Wed, 18 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: The presence of ERbeta immunolabeling in the flagellum and residual bodies of spermatids reinforces the role of estrogen in spermiogenesis. The overexpression of ERbeta in the germ cells of CmG could be related to a possible interference of cimetidine on tubular androgenization and/or on the intratubular aromatase due to Sertoli cell damage. The parallelism between ERbeta overexpression and apoptosis indicates a participation of ERbeta on germ cell death. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Searching for the right outcome? A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials using carotid intima-media thickness or pulse wave velocity to infer antiatherogenic properties of thiazolidinediones

Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism — Wed, 18 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: TZDs exhibit significant beneficial effects on aorto-carotid atherosclerosis when assessed using prospectively validated non-invasive techniques. Inferring clinical benefit in the absence of confirmatory outcome trials is questionable and caution should be exercised when interpreting intervention data with surrogate endpoints. TZD-induced congestive cardiac failure or other unknown PPAR-[gamma] adverse effects are plausible explanations for the conflicting results of intervention trials using markers of atherosclerosis and clinical event outcomes. (Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism)

Add-on sitagliptin improves glycemic control in Type 2 diabetes

MedWire News - Diabetes — Tue, 17 Nov 2009 14:09:52 +0100

Adding sitagliptin to a stable regimen of insulin therapy, with or without metformin, offers improvements in glycemic control and ß-cell function in patients with Type 2 diabetes, research has shown (Source: MedWire News - Diabetes)

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The breast cancer revolution that saves women from chemo (Daily Mail, 16 November 2009)

Society for Endocrinology — Tue, 17 Nov 2009 12:00:00 +0100

In Austria the treatment of breast cancer patients is tailored to the specific type of tumour a patient presents with. The report, published in The Lancet looks at the different approaches of treating breast cancer in Austria compared to the UK. Full article (Source: Society for Endocrinology)

Plastic chemicals 'feminise boys' (BBC News online, 16 November 2009)

Society for Endocrinology — Tue, 17 Nov 2009 12:00:00 +0100

Boys exposed to high levels of phthalates in the womb are less likely than other boys to play with cars and trains and engage in rougher play, a new study has shown. Full article (Source: Society for Endocrinology)

Scientists identify gene that influences quality of person's empathy (The Times, 17 November 2009)

Society for Endocrinology — Tue, 17 Nov 2009 12:00:00 +0100

Scientists have discovered that the variation of oxytocin gene you carry affects how empathetic you are and how you respond to stressful situations. Full article (Source: Society for Endocrinology)

Spherix Announces Positive Interim Results In Phase 3 Trial Of Novel, Oral Compound For Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes News From Medical News Today — Tue, 17 Nov 2009 09:00:00 +0100

Spherix Incorporated (NASDAQ CM: SPEX), an innovator in biotechnology for diabetes therapy, and a provider of technical and regulatory consulting services to food, supplement, biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies, announced positive interim Phase 3 clinical results for the planned review of the NEET (Naturlose (D-tagatose) Efficacy Evaluation Trial) trial of D-tagatose in drug naÃ¯ve patients. (Source: Diabetes News From Medical News Today)

U.S. Scores a 'D' on Preterm Birth Report Card

MedicineNet Diabetes General — Tue, 17 Nov 2009 07:00:00 +0100

Title: U.S. Scores a 'D' on Preterm Birth Report CardCategory: Health NewsCreated: 11/17/2009 8:10:00 AMLast Editorial Review: 11/17/2009 (Source: MedicineNet Diabetes General)

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Moderate-Fat Diet May Be Better at Reducing Heart Risks

MedicineNet Diabetes General — Tue, 17 Nov 2009 07:00:00 +0100

Title: Moderate-Fat Diet May Be Better at Reducing Heart RisksCategory: Health NewsCreated: 11/16/2009 4:10:00 PMLast Editorial Review: 11/17/2009 (Source: MedicineNet Diabetes General)

Active Video Games Count as Exercise

MedicineNet Diabetes General — Tue, 17 Nov 2009 07:00:00 +0100

Title: Active Video Games Count as ExerciseCategory: Health NewsCreated: 11/16/2009 12:10:00 PMLast Editorial Review: 11/17/2009 (Source: MedicineNet Diabetes General)

Diabetic acido-ketosis revealing thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anemia.

Annales d'Endocrinologie — Tue, 17 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

We report the cases of two infants, aged 4 and 5 months, hospitalized for diabetic ketoacidosis requiring insulin therapy. Laboratory tests revealed megaloblasic anemia, thrombocytopenia and normal thiamine level. Neurosensorial investigations showed bilateral deafness and ophthalmic involvement. Treatment with oral thiamine normalized hematological disorders and controlled diabetes; however, thiamine therapy had no impact on neurosensorial disorders. PMID: 19922902 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Annales d'Endocrinologie)

Resistin is associated with biomarkers of inflammation while total and HMW adiponectin are associated with biomarkers of inflammation, insulin resistance, and endothelial function.

European Journal of Endocrinology — Tue, 17 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Total and HMW adiponectin are inversely associated with markers of insulin secretion/insulinemia, endothelial function, and inflammation. Resistin is positively associated only with markers of inflammation. PMID: 19920090 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: European Journal of Endocrinology)

Exposure to secondhand smoke increases risk for Type 2 diabetes

MedWire News - Diabetes — Tue, 17 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Chronic secondhand smoke exposure significantly increases the risk for Type 2 diabetes, show results from a study of Greek and Cypriot elderly men and women. (Source: MedWire News - Diabetes)

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Dietary supplementation of n-3 PUFA reduces weight gain and improves postprandial lipaemia and the associated inflammatory response in the obese JCR:LA-cp rat

Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism — Tue, 17 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Acute dietary n-3 PUFA dietary supplementation can improve fasting as well as postprandial lipid metabolism and components of the associated inflammatory response in the JCR:LA-cp rat. Further, moderate dose n-3 PUFA supplementation may reduce corresponding body weight during conditions of hypercholesterolaemia and/or modulate inflammation associated with obesity and the metabolic syndrome. (Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism)

Myositis Associated with the Decline of Thyroid Hormone Levels in Thyrotoxicosis: A Syndrome?

Thyroid — Mon, 16 Nov 2009 20:51:39 +0100

Thyroid , Vol. 0, No. 0. (Source: Thyroid)

Congenital Hypothyroidism and Late-Onset Goiter: Identification and Characterization of a Novel Mutation in the Sodium/Iodide Symporter of the Proband and Family Members

Thyroid — Mon, 16 Nov 2009 20:43:46 +0100

Thyroid , Vol. 0, No. 0. (Source: Thyroid)

Recurrence of Graves' Disease in Thyroglossal Duct Remnants: Relapse After Total Thyroidectomy

Thyroid — Mon, 16 Nov 2009 20:40:36 +0100

Thyroid , Vol. 0, No. 0. (Source: Thyroid)

Type 3 Deiodinase Expression in Inflammatory Spinal Cord Lesions in Rat Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Thyroid — Mon, 16 Nov 2009 20:35:52 +0100

Thyroid , Vol. 0, No. 0. (Source: Thyroid)

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GPs - Key Educators In Prevention Of Diabetes, Australia

Diabetes News From Medical News Today — Mon, 16 Nov 2009 12:00:00 +0100

The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners (RACGP) warmly welcomes the two pronged themes of prevention of and education that are the focus of World Diabetes Day (14 November). "Recent research is predicting that one in seven Australians will have type 2 diabetes by 2050," said RACGP president, Dr Chris Mitchell. (Source: Diabetes News From Medical News Today)

800,000 People With Diabetes Risk Serious Health Problems, UK

Diabetes News From Medical News Today — Mon, 16 Nov 2009 10:00:00 +0100

Diabetes UK warns that 797,067 people with diabetes in the UK are not achieving their recommended blood glucose levels. Data from GP practices of 2,366,363 people with diabetes over the age of 17 showed that 34 per cent are at risk of serious health problems such as blindness, heart disease, amputation and kidney failure. For people with diabetes, achieving individually agreed blood glucose levels (HbA1c) within the range of 6.5 to 7. (Source: Diabetes News From Medical News Today)

Sudden Cardiac Death Much More Likely to Strike Men

MedicineNet Diabetes General — Mon, 16 Nov 2009 07:00:00 +0100

Title: Sudden Cardiac Death Much More Likely to Strike MenCategory: Health NewsCreated: 11/15/2009 4:10:00 PMLast Editorial Review: 11/16/2009 (Source: MedicineNet Diabetes General)

New Wiring Adds Risk When Replacing Pacemaker

MedicineNet Diabetes General — Mon, 16 Nov 2009 07:00:00 +0100

Title: New Wiring Adds Risk When Replacing PacemakerCategory: Health NewsCreated: 11/15/2009 4:10:00 PMLast Editorial Review: 11/16/2009 (Source: MedicineNet Diabetes General)

Deleterious associations of sitting time and television viewing time with cardio-metabolic risk biomarkers: AusDiab 2004-2005.

Diabetes Care — Mon, 16 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: In women and men, sitting time and TV viewing time were deleteriously associated with cardio-metabolic risk biomarkers, with sitting time having more consistent associations in both genders and being independent of central adiposity. Preventive initiatives aimed at reducing sitting time should focus on both non-leisure and leisure-time domains. PMID: 19918003 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes Care)

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A maternal but not paternal association of ambulatory blood pressure with albumin excretion in young offspring with type 1 diabetes.

Diabetes Care — Mon, 16 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions. In this cohort, parental ABP significantly influenced the offspring BP, therefore confirming familial influences on this trait. In addition, maternal ABP, particularly DBP, was closely related to ACR in the offspring, suggesting a dominant effect of maternal genes or an effect of the intrauterine environment on MA risk. PMID: 19918004 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes Care)

Postprandial diabetic glucose tolerance is normalized by gastric bypass feeding as opposed to gastric feeding and is associated with exaggerated GLP-1 secretion: a case report.

Diabetes Care — Mon, 16 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Dirksen C, Hansen DL, Madsbad S, Hvolris LE, Naver LS, Holst JJ, Worm D Objective: To examine after gastric bypass the effect of peroral vs. gastroduodenal feeding on glucose metabolism. Research Design and Methods: A type 2 diabetic patient was examined on two consecutive days 5 weeks after gastric bypass. A standard liquid meal was given, on the first day into the bypassed gastric remnant and on the second day perorally. Plasma glucose, insulin, C peptide, glucagon, incretin hormones, peptide YY and free fatty acids were measured. Results: Peroral feeding reduced 2-h-postprandial plasma glucose (7.8 vs. 11.1 mM) and incremental-area-under-the-glucose-curve (0.33 vs. 0.49 mMxmin) compared with gastroduodenal feeding . beta-cell function (iAUC(Cpeptide/Glu)) was more than 2-fo...

Labile Hemogloblin A1c is Inversely Correlated with the Hemoglobin Glycation Index in Children with Type 1 Diabetes.

Diabetes Care — Mon, 16 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: A conventional model of SHbA1c being directly correlated with LHbA1c concentration was not confirmed. Between patient differences in SHbA1c at the same MBG may be due to complex intracellular factors influencing formation of SHbA1c from LHbA1c. PMID: 19918006 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes Care)

Intra-uterine Exposure to Maternal Diabetes is Associated with Higher Adiposity and Insulin Resistance and Clustering of Cardiovascular Risk Markers in Indian Children.

Diabetes Care — Mon, 16 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The intrauterine environment experienced by ODM increases diabetes and cardiovascular risk, over genetic factors; the effects strengthen during childhood. PMID: 19918007 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes Care)

Validation of a Type 2 Diabetes Screening Tool in Rural Honduras.

Diabetes Care — Mon, 16 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: This screener is a valid measure of diabetes risk in Honduras and could be used to identify diabetes patients in poor clinics in Latin America. PMID: 19918008 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes Care)

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Grand multiparity is associated with type 2 diabetes in Filipino-American women, independent of visceral fat and adiponectin.

Diabetes Care — Mon, 16 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Having >/=6 children was associated with type 2 diabetes, independent of adiponectin, VAT, family history, and other measured diabetes risk factors. PMID: 19918009 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes Care)

Inflammation markers and metabolic characteristics of subjects with one-hour plasma glucose levels.

Diabetes Care — Mon, 16 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Elevated 1hPG in NGT and pre-DM subjects is associated to subclinical inflammation, high lipid ratios and insulin resistance. Therefore, 1hPG >155 mg/dl could be considered a new "marker" for cardiovascular risk. PMID: 19918010 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes Care)

Birth weight, body silhouette over the life course and incident diabetes in 91,453 middle-aged women from the French E3N cohort.

Diabetes Care — Mon, 16 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions- Low birth weight and thinness until young adulthood may increase the risk of diabetes, independently of adult BMI during follow-up. Young women who were thin children should be especially warned against weight gain. PMID: 19918011 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes Care)

Increased Carotid Intima Media Thickness as a Predictor of the Presence and Extent of Abnormal Myocardial Perfusion in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Diabetes Care — Mon, 16 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Increased CIMT was significantly related to the presence and extent of abnormal myocardial perfusion. Assessment of CIMT may be useful to identify asymptomatic patients with type 2 diabetes at higher risk for coronary artery disease. PMID: 19918012 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes Care)

Are Hemoglobin Levels Elevated in Type 1 Diabetes?

Diabetes Care — Mon, 16 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Hemoglobin levels maybe higher in type 1 diabetes than in the general population which may have important clinical implications. PMID: 19918013 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes Care)

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Diabetes as a Determinant of Mortality in Cystic Fibrosis.

Diabetes Care — Mon, 16 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Chamnan P, Shine BS, Haworth CS, Bilton D, Adler AI Background: Diabetes is increasingly common in cystic fibrosis (CF), but little exists describing its influence on mortality. Using national UK data, this study documents diabetes-specific mortality rates, estimates the impact of diabetes on survival, and estimates population attributable fractions. Methods: This retrospective cohort study identified 8,029 individuals aged 0-65 years from the UK CF Registry (1996-2005). 5,892 patients were included in analyses of mortality rates and 4,234 in analyses of risk factors. We calculated age-adjusted mortality rates using Poisson regression, standardized mortality ratios using the population of England and Wales, and relative risks using proportional hazards modeling. Findings: Duri...

Metformin associated with lower cancer mortality in type 2 diabetes (ZODIAC-16).

Diabetes Care — Mon, 16 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: In general, patients with type 2 diabetes are at increased risk for cancer mortality. In our group, metformin use was associated with lower cancer mortality when compared to non-metformin use. Although the design cannot be conclusive about causality, our results suggest a protective effect of metformin on cancer mortality. PMID: 19918015 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes Care)

Aspirin is associated with reduced cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in type 2 diabetes in a primary prevention setting: The Fremantle Diabetes Study.

Diabetes Care — Mon, 16 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions - Regular low-dose aspirin may reduce all-cause and CVD mortality in a primary prevention setting in type 2 diabetes. All-cause mortality reductions appear greatest in men and those aged >/=65 years. The present observational data support recommendations that aspirin should be used in primary CVD prevention in all but the lowest risk patients. PMID: 19918016 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes Care)

Insulin-like growth factor-I and its binding proteins 3 and 1 are differentially associated with metabolic syndrome in older men.

European Journal of Endocrinology — Mon, 16 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions In older men, both lower and higher IGF-I and IGFBP3 levels may be metabolically unfavourable. IGFBP1, as a marker of insulin sensitivity, is relevant in the assessment of metabolic syndrome while the IGF-I/IGFBP3 ratio is less informative. Longitudinal follow-up of this cohort would be needed to determine whether these distributions of IGF-I, IGFBP3 and IGFBP1 predict incidence of cardiovascular events during male ageing. PMID: 19917654 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: European Journal of Endocrinology)

Prehypertension increases risk for atherosclerosis in Type 2 diabetics

MedWire News - Diabetes — Mon, 16 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Prehypertension increases the risk for atherosclerosis in patients with Type 2 diabetes independently of other factors, show study results. (Source: MedWire News - Diabetes)

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Up-regulation of CatSper genes family by selenium

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Mon, 16 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Se treatment in the aging subjects could up-regulate the expression of CatSper genes, and therefore results in elevation of sperm motility. Furthermore, Se treatment improved sperm parameters, especially morphology and viability rates. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Recent Studies Suggest Benefits Of Continuous Glucose Monitoring

Diabetes News From Medical News Today — Sun, 15 Nov 2009 09:00:00 +0100

In acknowledgement of this year's World Diabetes Day, which calls on all those responsible for diabetes care to understand diabetes and take control, Medtronic, Inc. (NYSE: MDT) highlights the growing body of clinical evidence for Personal Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) in improving glucose control for diabetes patients. (Source: Diabetes News From Medical News Today)

Ivabradine shows efficacy, tolerability in diabetics with stable CAD

MedWire News - Diabetes — Sat, 14 Nov 2009 14:11:30 +0100

Ivabradine is effective for preventing angina in patients with diabetes mellitus and stable coronary artery disease, and has no impact on glucose metabolism, an analysis of clinical trial data shows. (Source: MedWire News - Diabetes)

Low Birth Weight And Diabetes Have A Common Genetic Background

Diabetes News From Medical News Today — Sat, 14 Nov 2009 10:00:00 +0100

Low birth weight increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life. Until recently scientists had attributed this to maternal malnutrition during pregnancy. However, now it seems that genetic background may also play a major role. A research team of Technische UniversitÃ¤t MÃ¼nchen and Helmholtz Zentrum MÃ¼nchen has now demonstrated, that gene variants which influence insulin metabolism can also affect birth weight. (Source: Diabetes News From Medical News Today)

FDA Approves Lysteda To Treat Heavy Menstrual Bleeding

Endocrinology News From Medical News Today — Sat, 14 Nov 2009 09:00:00 +0100

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved Lysteda tablets (tranexamic acid), the first non-hormonal product cleared to treat heavy menstrual bleeding (menorrhagia). Lysteda works by stabilizing a protein that helps blood to clot. Heavy menstrual bleeding is reported each year by about 3 million U.S. women of reproductive age. Women with uterine fibroids may experience heavy menstrual periods. (Source: Endocrinology News From Medical News Today)

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Esperion Therapeutics Initiates Phase I Clinical Study For ETC-1002

Endocrinology News From Medical News Today — Sat, 14 Nov 2009 09:00:00 +0100

Esperion Therapeutics, a privately held biotechnology company working to discover, develop and commercialize treatments for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, announced that the company has initiated a Phase I clinical study for ETC-1002, the company's novel small molecule compound designed to beneficially regulate the levels of plasma lipids and lipoproteins. (Source: Endocrinology News From Medical News Today)

Pioneering Discoveries About The Development Of Cells

Diabetes News From Medical News Today — Sat, 14 Nov 2009 09:00:00 +0100

How does the developing pancreas in an embryo 'know' which cells are to produce insulin and which cells are to have other assignments? Researchers need to understand this if they want to be able to treat type-1 diabetes with stem cells developed into insulin-producing beta cells. At Lund University scientists have uncovered pioneering new knowledge, and are publishing it in the journal Cell. (Source: Diabetes News From Medical News Today)

LA BioMed To Launch Study Of Testosterone In Older Men

Endocrinology News From Medical News Today — Sat, 14 Nov 2009 08:00:00 +0100

Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center (LA BioMed) has announced that it will participate in a large national study of the effectiveness of testosterone as a treatment for anemia, cardiovascular disease, decreased vitality, impaired memory and sexual function, loss of muscle mass and other health conditions that affect older men. (Source: Endocrinology News From Medical News Today)

The 'Love Hormone,' Also Affects Antisocial Behaviors, Such As Envy And Gloating

Endocrinology News From Medical News Today — Sat, 14 Nov 2009 08:00:00 +0100

A new study carried out at the University of Haifa has found that the hormone oxytocin, the "love hormone", which affects behaviors such as trust, empathy and generosity, also affects opposite behaviors, such as jealousy and gloating. (Source: Endocrinology News From Medical News Today)

Discovery Of Mechanism Of Insulin Production May Lead To Better Treatment For Diabetes

Diabetes News From Medical News Today — Sat, 14 Nov 2009 08:00:00 +0100

How a specific gene within the pancreas affects secretion of insulin has been discovered by researchers from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, in collaboration with Japanese and American universities. Their work opens the way for a new understanding of possible paths to battle diabetes and diabetes-related health problems, which are on the rise all over the world. Blood glucose levels are tightly regulated by secretion of insulin from beta cells in the pancreas. (Source: Diabetes News From Medical News Today)

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The effects of farnesoic acid and 20-hydroxyecdysone on vitellogenin gene expression in the lobster, homarus americanus, and possible roles in the reproductive process.

General and Comparative Endocrinology — Sat, 14 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

In this study, the effect of farnesoic acid (FA) and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) on production of vitellogenin by hepatopancreas (HaVg1) was investigated by in vitro organ explant HaVg1 gene expression was stimulated by FA or 20E in a dose-dependent manner. A 2 fold and 2.2 fold increase in HaVg1 gene expression was observed with 4.2 muM FA and 0.7 muM 20E respectively. The stimulatory effect by either FA or 20E was observed principally during the first 90 min. Stimulation of HaVg1 gene expression by FA and 20E together is greater (3.3 fold increase) than that of either hormone alone. This stimulation was also observed within the first 90 min. To study the synergistic effect of these two hormones, FA and 20E were tested separately and together at low concentration (42.3 nM and 6.7 nM respecti...

ZM447439, a Novel Promising Aurora Kinase Inhibitor, Provokes Antiproliferative and Proapoptotic Effects Alone and in Combination with Bio- and Chemotherapeutic Agents in Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor Cell Lines

Neuroendocrinology — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Neuroendocrinology (DOI:10.1159/000258705) (Source: Neuroendocrinology)

Discrimination of prolactinoma from hyperprolactinemic non-functioning adenoma

Endocrine — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 18:19:48 +0100

In conclusion, old age, extrasellar tumor extension with relatively low prolactin levels, visual defect, and GH deficiency were considered suggestive of non-functioning pituitary adenoma rather than prolactinoma in hyperprolactinemic pituitary macroadenoma. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s12020-009-9279-7Authors Jae Won Hong, Yonsei University College of Medicine Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Endocrinology 250 Seongsanno, Seodaemun-gu Seoul 120-752 KoreaMi Kyung Lee, Pathology Ilsan Hospital Ilsan KoreaSun Ho Kim, Yonsei University College of Medicine Department of Neurosurgery 250 Seongsanno, Seodaemun-gu Seoul 120-752 KoreaEun Jig Lee, Yonsei University College of Medicine Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medici...

Diagnostic value of 18F-dihydroxyphenylalanine positron emission tomography for growth hormone-producing pituitary adenoma

Pituitary — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 18:13:12 +0100

Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11102-009-0208-9Authors Takafumi Taguchi, Kochi University Kochi Medical School Kohasu, Oko-cho Nankoku JapanToshihiro Takao, Kochi University Kochi Medical School Kohasu, Oko-cho Nankoku JapanYasumasa Iwasaki, Kochi University Kochi Medical School Kohasu, Oko-cho Nankoku JapanKenichi Oyama, Toranomon Hospital Department of Hypothalamic & Pituitary Surgery Minato-ku Tokyo JapanShozo Yamada, Toranomon Hospital Department of Hypothalamic & Pituitary Surgery Minato-ku Tokyo JapanMari Inoue, Kochi University Kochi Medical School Kohasu, Oko-cho Nankoku JapanYoshio Terada, Kochi University Kochi Medical School Kohasu, Oko-cho Nankoku Japan Journal PituitaryOnline ISSN 1573-7403Print ISSN 1386-341X (Source: Pituitary)

Reconstituted HDL improves platelet function in Type 2 diabetics

MedWire News - Diabetes — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 14:10:27 +0100

Study results show that reconstituted high-density lipoprotein therapy reduces the hyper-reactivity of platelets of patients with Type 2 diabetes, partly by lowering the cholesterol content of platelet membranes. (Source: MedWire News - Diabetes)

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Antigen-Based Therapy for the Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes

Medscape Diabetes Headlines — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 13:39:59 +0100

The use of ABTs for autoimmune disease is still in its infancy, but recent results from clinical studies hold promise that this approach may be able to delay the onset of type 1 diabetes. Diabetes (Source: Medscape Diabetes Headlines)

What Is Short Stature (Dwarfism)? What Causes Short Stature?

Endocrinology News From Medical News Today — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 11:00:00 +0100

Dwarfism, nanism, short stature, or restricted growth is a medical disorder in which the person is of abnormally short stature. According to various sources, short stature may be caused by over 200 different medical conditions. According to the LPA (Little People of America), dwarfism is defined as an adult height of 4 feet 10 inches (148 cm) or less. However, as population groups around the world have varying average statures, height definition may vary. (Source: Endocrinology News From Medical News Today)

International Diabetes Experts Converge On Mauritius To Highlight Escalating Diabetes Rates Locally And Across Africa

Diabetes News From Medical News Today — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 10:00:00 +0100

The Republic of Mauritius in collaboration with the World Health Organization Afro Region and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) today opened an International Conference on Diabetes & Associated Diseases in Port Louis, Mauritius to highlight their concern about the rapid growth of the diabetes epidemic throughout Africa. The conference will run from November 12 and end on November 14 - World Diabetes Day. (Source: Diabetes News From Medical News Today)

Sirona Biochem CEO Says Diabetes Will Have 'Profound Consequences' For Canada As The Epidemic Strikes More Young People

Diabetes News From Medical News Today — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 09:00:00 +0100

Sirona Biochem Corp. (TSX-V: SBM) CEO, Dr. Howard Verrico, says the threat of diabetes for young Canadians is being vastly underestimated and will have profound consequences. Sirona Biochem CEO, Dr. Howard Verrico, said, "Diabetes and obesity are rampant. Children being born today in Canada have a one-in-three chance of eventually developing Type 2 diabetes that will, in many cases, shorten their lives and also reduce the overall quality of their lives. (Source: Diabetes News From Medical News Today)

Iconic South Bank Buildings Lit Up For World Diabetes Day, UK

Diabetes News From Medical News Today — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 08:00:00 +0100

The Merlin Entertainments London Eye, the Shell Centre Tower, National Theatre and the London Marriott Hotel, County Hall, all on London's South Bank will be lit up blue on Saturday 14 November to mark World Diabetes Day 2009 and raise awareness of diabetes across the world. World Diabetes Day aims to make people aware of the seriousness of the condition and the impact it has across the world. (Source: Diabetes News From Medical News Today)

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Free Diabetes UK 'Diabetes Care And You' Leaflets For GPs And Their Patients

Diabetes News From Medical News Today — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 08:00:00 +0100

Diabetes UK, in partnership with NHS Diabetes, has produced 'Diabetes Care and You' - a booklet to provide key information to people with diabetes about their role in managing their diabetes, working together with their healthcare team, and what they should expect from the NHS. (Source: Diabetes News From Medical News Today)

Study Links Yo-Yo Dieting to Addiction

MedicineNet Diabetes General — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 07:00:00 +0100

Title: Study Links Yo-Yo Dieting to AddictionCategory: Health NewsCreated: 11/12/2009 2:10:00 PMLast Editorial Review: 11/13/2009 (Source: MedicineNet Diabetes General)

Health Insurance Reform May Help Diabetes Treatment

Diabetes1 Articles — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 05:00:00 +0100

One in six people with diabetes have avoided or delayed necessary medical care because of high costs, the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) said in a report this week. (Source: Diabetes1 Articles)

Real-life application and validation of flexible intensive insulin-therapy algorithms in type 1 diabetes patients.

Diabetes and Metabolism — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: In type 1 diabetic patients treated with FIT, the use of individualized parameters permits fast and accurate adjustment of mealtime insulin doses, leading to good control of the postprandial state. PMID: 19914853 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes and Metabolism)

Fadrozole and finasteride exposure modulate sex steroid- and thyroid-related gene expression in Silurana (Xenopus) tropicalis early larval development.

General and Comparative Endocrinology — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

The objective of this study was to investigate the expression and activity of aromatase (cyp19; estrogen synthase) and 5beta-reductase (srd5beta; 5beta-dihydrotestosterone synthase) during amphibian embryogenesis. Expression and activity profiles of cyp19 and srd5beta were first established during Silurana (Xenopus) tropicalis embryogenesis from Nieuwkoop-Faber (NF) stage 2 (2-cell stage; 1 hour post-fertilization) to NF stage 46 (beginning of feeding; 72 hours post-fertilization). Exposures to fadrozole (an aromatase inhibitor; 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 muM) and finasteride (a putative 5-reductase inhibitor; 25, 50 and 100 muM) were designed to assess the consequences of inhibiting these enzymes on gene expression in early amphibian larval development. Exposed embryos showed changes in both enzyme...

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Testosterone selectively affects aromatase and 5alpha-reductase activities in the green anole lizard brain.

General and Comparative Endocrinology — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Cohen RE, Wade J Testosterone (T) and its metabolites are important in the regulation of reproductive behavior in males of a variety of vertebrate species. Aromatase converts T to estradiol and 5alpha -reductase converts T to 5alpha -dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Male green anole reproduction depends on androgens, yet 5alpha -reductase in the brain is not sexually dimorphic and does not vary with season. In contrast, aromatase activity in the male brain is increased during the breeding compared to non-breeding season, and males have higher levels than females during the breeding season. Aromatase is important for female, but not male, sexual behaviors. The present experiment was conducted to determine whether 5alpha -reductase and aromatase are regulated by T. Enzyme activity was...

Sex differentiation and sex change in the protandrous black porgy, Acanthopagrus schlegeli.

General and Comparative Endocrinology — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Wu GC, Tomy S, Lee MF, Lee YH, Yueh WS, Lin CJ, Lau EL, Chang CF Protandrous black porgy fish, Acanthopagrus schlegeli, have a striking life cycle with a male sex differentiation at the juvenile stage and male-to-female sex change at 3 years of age. We had characterized the sex differentiation and sex change in this species by the integrative approaches of histology, endocrine and molecular genetics. The fish differentiated in gonad at the age around 4-months and the gonad further developed with a bisexual gonad for almost for 3 years and sex change at 3 year of age. An antagonistic relationship in the testicular and ovarian tissues was found during the development of the gonadal tissue. Male- (such as sf-1, dmrt-1, dax-1, and amh) and female- (such as wnt4, foxl2 and cyp19a1a...

Stem cells in the pituitary gland: a burgeoning field.

General and Comparative Endocrinology — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Vankelecom H, Gremeaux L The pituitary gland represents the endocrine core of the organism, and is well-known for its cellular plasticity in order to meet the body's fluctuating hormonal demands. In the past, it has repeatedly been postulated that the pituitary harbors tissue-specific stem cells that participate in the generation of new endocrine cells during this dynamic cell remodeling, as well as during the slow but robust homeostatic turnover of the gland. However, their presence and identity remained elusive until this conundrum recently attracted renewed interest. Our discovery of a 'side population' using flow cytometry was the first step towards a more convincing candidate stem/progenitor cell population in the endocrine anterior pituitary. Since then, several other gr...

1{alpha},25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 and Its TX527 Analog Inhibit the Growth of Endothelial Cells Transformed by Kaposi Sarcoma-Associated Herpes Virus G Protein-Coupled Receptor in Vitro and in Vivo.

Endocrinology — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, we have demonstrated that 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 and its TX527 analog have antiproliferative effects on the growth of endothelial cells transformed by the vGPCR in vitro and in vivo, the vitamin D receptor being part of the inhibitory mechanism of action. PMID: 19915163 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Endocrinology)

Meal-Anticipatory Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Secretion in Rats.

Endocrinology — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Vahl TP, Drazen DL, Seeley RJ, D'Alessio DA, Woods SC Animals anticipating a meal initiate a series of responses enabling them to better cope with the meal's metabolic impact. These responses, such as cephalic insulin, occur prior to the onset of ingestion and are especially evident in animals maintained on a meal-feeding schedule with limited but predictable access to food each day. We tested the hypothesis that meal-fed rats secrete the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) cephalically when anticipating a large meal. Male Long-Evans rats were fed ad libitum (controls) or adapted to a schedule on which food was available for the same 4-h period each day (meal fed animals). Plasma GLP-1 increased in meal-fed rats over an interval from 75 to 60 min prior to feeding ...

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High Glucose Potentiates Collagen Synthesis and Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2-Induced Early Osteoblast Gene Expression in Rat Spinal Ligament Cells.

Endocrinology — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, high glucose, via production of reactive oxygen species, subsequent activation of PKC, and inhibition of p38, enhances type I collagen synthesis and expression of early osteogenesis genes induced by BMP-2 in rat spinal ligament cells. Hyperglycemia may play an important role in the onset or progression of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament by promoting the responsiveness of ligament cells to osteogenic differentiation. PMID: 19915165 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Endocrinology)

Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Mutations Are Rare in Pheochromocytomas and Paragangliomas.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: IDH mutations are very rare in paragangliomas and pheochromocytomas and do not appear to play an important role in oncogenic HIF activation known to be present in these tumors. PMID: 19915015 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism)

Insulin Resistance in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes and Its Relationship to Cardiovascular Function.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: T1D youth demonstrated IR, impaired functional exercise capacity and cardiovascular dysfunction. The phenotype of IR in T1D youth was unique, suggesting a pathophysiology that is different from T2D, yet may adversely affect long-term cardiovascular outcomes. PMID: 19915016 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism)

Pioglitazone Compared with Metformin Increases Pericardial Fat Volume in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: In T2DM patients, pioglitazone increases pericardial fat volume. This increase in pericardial fat volume did not negatively affect myocardial function after 24 wk. These observations question the notion of an inverse causal relationship between pericardial fat volume and myocardial function. PMID: 19915017 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism)

Limited Value of 18F-F-DOPA PET to Localize Pancreatic Insulin-Secreting Tumors in Adults with Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: 18F-FDOPA PET is of limited value in localizing pancreatic insulin secreting tumors in adult HH. Our results contrast with the referential study and require further analysis. PMID: 19915018 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism)

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Type 2 diabetes increases risk for biliary and pancreatic cancer

MedWire News - Diabetes — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Patients with Type 2 diabetes have a three-fold increased risk for pancreatic cancer and a two-fold increased risk for biliary cancer, report researchers. (Source: MedWire News - Diabetes)

GI Dynamics' EndoBarrier ™ Gastrointestinal Liner Demonstrates Significant HbA1c Reduction In Obese People Living With Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes News From Medical News Today — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

GI Dynamics, a leader in non-surgical treatments for type 2 diabetes and obesity, today announced data which demonstrate that obese patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes using the EndoBarrier™ Gastrointestinal Liner achieved near normalization of glycemic control in just one week, as compared to a sham control group. In addition, patients treated with EndoBarrier achieved a mean reduction of 2.4% in HbA1c glucose levels versus 0.8% for the sham arm at 24 weeks. (Source: Diabetes News From Medical News Today)

A case of recurrent type 1 diabetes mellitus with insulitis of transplanted pancreas in simultaneous pancreas–kidney transplantation from cardiac death donor

Diabetologia — Thu, 12 Nov 2009 18:33:04 +0100

Conclusions/interpretation The histological features of insulitis in transplanted pancreas were consistent with common type 1 diabetes mellitus, but the clinical course of the recurrence appeared to be more rapid. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Short CommunicationDOI 10.1007/s00125-009-1593-3Authors M. Ishida-Oku, Kyushu University Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku Fukuoka 812-8582 JapanM. Iwase, Kyushu University Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku Fukuoka 812-8582 JapanA. Sugitani, Fujita Health University Department of Organ Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine Toyoake JapanK. Masutani, Kyushu University Departm...

Role of melatonin in metabolic regulation

Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders — Thu, 12 Nov 2009 17:32:18 +0100

Abstract Although the human genome has remained unchanged over the last 10,000 years, our lifestyle has become progressively more divergent from those of our ancient ancestors. This maladaptive change became apparent with the Industrial Revolution and has been accelerating in recent decades. Socially, we are people of the 21st century, but genetically we remain similar to our early ancestors. In conjunction with this discordance between our ancient, genetically-determined biology and the nutritional, cultural and activity patterns in contemporary Western populations, many diseases have emerged. Only a century ago infectious disease was a major cause of mortality, whereas today non-infectious chronic diseases are the greatest cause of death in the world. Epidemics of m...