MedWorm: Endocrinology

Young Type 2 diabetics have impaired mitochondrial response to exercise

MedWire News - Diabetes — Sat, 13 Mar 2010 14:17:14 +0100

Obese individuals who develop Type 2 diabetes early in life are unable to increase their maximal oxygen consumption in response to chronic exercise, which is likely to be due to mitochondrial abnormalities, say investigators. (Source: MedWire News - Diabetes)

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Diabetes Experts Call For Early, Integrated Treatment Approach To Help Prevent Complications And Improve Patient Outcomes

Diabetes News From Medical News Today — Sat, 13 Mar 2010 10:00:00 +0100

Results from a new online survey of more than 300 practicing endocrinologists and family medicine physicians1 show that a large majority of physicians (83 percent)1 indicated that using a team of specialists early in the course of type 2 diabetes (T2D) treatment can help prevent serious T2D-related complications... (Source: Diabetes News From Medical News Today)

Free Hormonal Contraception Halved Termination Rate

Endocrinology News From Medical News Today — Sat, 13 Mar 2010 09:00:00 +0100

3500 20- to 24-year-old women from TromsÃ¸ and Hamar in Norway were offered free hormonal contraception for a year. The result was that the abortion rate in the trial cities was halved... (Source: Endocrinology News From Medical News Today)

TaiGen Announces Nemonoxacin (TG-873870) Once-A-Day Oral Dosing In Diabetic Foot Infection Met Primary Endpoints

Diabetes News From Medical News Today — Sat, 13 Mar 2010 09:00:00 +0100

TaiGen Biotechnology Co., Ltd. announced the Phase II trial of nemonoxacin (TG-873870) in Diabetic Foot Infection (DFI) with once-a-day dosing met the primary endpoints and showed promising clinical efficacy and good tolerability. Nemonoxacin is a novel non-fluorinated quinolone that has a broad spectrum of activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and atypical pathogens... (Source: Diabetes News From Medical News Today)

Exploring Diabetes' Link To Eating Disorders

Diabetes News From Medical News Today — Sat, 13 Mar 2010 09:00:00 +0100

Diabetics, under the gun to better manage their disease by controlling their food intake and weight, may find themselves in the sticky wicket of needing treatment that makes them hungry, researchers said. Attempts to maintain healthy blood sugar levels and prevent weight gain may suggest an eating disorder when the disease and its treatment are to blame, said Dr... (Source: Diabetes News From Medical News Today)

The Body's Anticipation Of A Meal Can Be A Diabetes Risk Factor

Diabetes News From Medical News Today — Sat, 13 Mar 2010 08:00:00 +0100

Alterations in our response to the taste or smell of food may be another culprit responsible for Type 2 diabetes, according to scientists at Duke University Medical Center who have identified the specific mechanism in human specimens and in mice... (Source: Diabetes News From Medical News Today)

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Very High Frequency of the Polymorphism for the Insulin Receptor Substrate 1 (IRS-1) at Codon 972 (Glycine972Arginine) in Southern Italian Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Hormone and Metabolic Research — Sat, 13 Mar 2010 03:16:42 +0100

Horm Metab ResDOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1249020AbstractA major component of the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the insulin resistance. Only a few studies have evaluated the IRS-1 polymorphism at codon 972, sometimes in the absence of a control group, and with great variability in frequency (0–23% in PCOS vs. 0–17% in controls), and with no unequivocal relationships between the polymorphism and clinical or biochemical indexes. The aim of the work was to evaluate the frequency of the IRS-1 polymorphism at codon 972 in PCOS, and correlate it to clinical and biochemical indexes. We assessed the rs 1801278 polymorphic variant in the IRS-1 gene (Gly972Gly=wild-type; Gly972Arg=heterozygosity; Arg972Arg=homozygosity) in genomic DNA by restriction fragment length polymorphism. The study ...

Short Term High-Intensity Interval Training (HIT) As Effective As Moderate Long Term Endurance Exercise, Study

Diabetes News From Medical News Today — Fri, 12 Mar 2010 18:00:00 +0100

The excuse that there is not enough time to exercise effectively is beginning to wear thin according to evidence from a study by scientists in Canada who found that short term high-intensity interval training (HIT) can deliver in significantly less time the same health benefits as moderate long term "endurance" training... (Source: Diabetes News From Medical News Today)

Aldosterone to Renin Ratio – A Reliable Screening Tool for Primary Aldosteronism?

Hormone and Metabolic Research — Fri, 12 Mar 2010 14:19:32 +0100

Horm Metab ResDOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1248326AbstractPrimary aldosteronism (PA) is defined as inappropriately high and (relatively or absolutely) autonomous aldosterone secretion, which is not adequately suppressible by sodium loading. Recent evidence shows that the PA prevalence ranges from 3 to 32%. This high prevalence of PA is suggested to be the result of both more intense screening for PA and improvement of laboratory procedures. Inappropriate high aldosterone secretion is paralleled by severe target organ damage, underlining the importance for the identification of PA at an early stage. The aldosterone to renin ratio (ARR), which reflects aldosterone hypersecretion in regard to its principal trophin renin, is currently considered the most reliable tool for PA screening. Accumulating evi...

Intrauterine Growth Retardation Leads to the Functional Change of Insulin Secretion in the Newborn Rats

Hormone and Metabolic Research — Fri, 12 Mar 2010 14:19:32 +0100

Horm Metab ResDOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1249058AbstractTo investigate the observed variation in glucose tolerance and insulin secretion in intrauterine growth retarded newborn rats and to explore the mechanism of the variations, Sprague-Dawley pregnant rats were allocated into two groups: a control group and an intrauterine energy restricted group. The intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) in the rats was induced by 50% calorie restriction in pregnant rats from gestational day 15 until term as compared to the control group. The pancreata of control and IUGR newborn rats were dissected respectively. RT-PCR was used to study the mRNA level related to insulin synthesis and exocytosis. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests were done to study the function of the pancreatic islet. We found that bir...

Switch to insulin therapy does not reduce rate of UTIs in Type 2 diabetics

MedWire News - Diabetes — Fri, 12 Mar 2010 14:19:30 +0100

There is no evidence that switching from oral treatment to insulin therapy reduces the high rate of urinary tract infections in patients with Type 2 diabetes, say researchers. (Source: MedWire News - Diabetes)

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Women on pill 'may live longer' (BBC News Online, 12 March 2010)

Society for Endocrinology — Fri, 12 Mar 2010 12:00:00 +0100

A large scale, 39-year study of over 45,000 women has disputed reports that the oral contraceptive Pill can increase the risk of disease. Published in the British Medical Journal, the study has in fact found a slightly protective effect of long term use of the Pill against conditions such as cancer, heart disease and stroke. Full article (Source: Society for Endocrinology)

Survey: Employers Plan To Shift More Health Costs To Workers

Diabetes News From Medical News Today — Fri, 12 Mar 2010 11:00:00 +0100

News outlets report on new trends in health insurance for employers. The Washington Post: "Most big employers plan to shift a larger share of health-care costs to their workers next year, according to a survey to be released Thursday. ... (Source: Diabetes News From Medical News Today)

New Alterations Found In Young Adults With Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes News From Medical News Today — Fri, 12 Mar 2010 10:00:00 +0100

Diet and aerobic exercise are highly effective for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, but not for obese subjects that have developed the disease when very young... (Source: Diabetes News From Medical News Today)

Access Pharmaceuticals Reports Significant Oral Bioavailability Of Cobalamin(TM) Oral Insulin In Additional Studies

Diabetes News From Medical News Today — Fri, 12 Mar 2010 10:00:00 +0100

ACCESS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. (OTC Bulletin Board: ACCP) announced that it has received reports of significant bioavailability of orally delivered insulin in two independently-conducted animal studies. The studies, which confirm earlier findings, were performed as part of on-going work with commercial collaborators that are evaluating Access' Cobalamin™ Oral Drug Delivery Technology... (Source: Diabetes News From Medical News Today)

Novel Stroke Treatment Passes Safety Stage Of UCI-Led Clinical Trial

Endocrinology News From Medical News Today — Fri, 12 Mar 2010 08:00:00 +0100

A clinical research trial of a new treatment to restore brain cells damaged by stroke has passed an important safety stage, according to the UC Irvine neurologist who led the effort. Dr. Steven C. Cramer said patients showed no ill effects after the sequential administration of growth factors encouraging the creation of neurons in stroke-damaged areas of the brain... (Source: Endocrinology News From Medical News Today)

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Medicine's Future Could Lie in Each Patient's Genome

MedicineNet Diabetes General — Fri, 12 Mar 2010 07:00:00 +0100

Title: Medicine's Future Could Lie in Each Patient's GenomeCategory: Health NewsCreated: 3/11/2010 4:10:00 PMLast Editorial Review: 3/12/2010 (Source: MedicineNet Diabetes General)

Body's Response to Foods' Smell, Taste Could Be Diabetes Risk Factor

MedicineNet Diabetes General — Fri, 12 Mar 2010 07:00:00 +0100

Title: Body's Response to Foods' Smell, Taste Could Be Diabetes Risk FactorCategory: Health NewsCreated: 3/11/2010 2:10:00 PMLast Editorial Review: 3/12/2010 (Source: MedicineNet Diabetes General)

Cholesterol

MedicineNet Diabetes General — Fri, 12 Mar 2010 07:00:00 +0100

Title: CholesterolCategory: Diseases and ConditionsCreated: 12/31/1997Last Editorial Review: 3/12/2010 (Source: MedicineNet Diabetes General)

Effects of Visfatin on Proliferation and Collagen Synthesis in Rat Cardiac Fibroblasts

Hormone and Metabolic Research — Fri, 12 Mar 2010 03:10:23 +0100

Horm Metab ResDOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1249059AbstractThe proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) and excessive extracellular matrix protein accumulation are the basic pathological processes of myocardial fibrosis. Visfatin is a novel adipokine involved in the regulation of inflammatory cytokines, however, the effects of visfatin on proliferation and collagen synthesis of CFs are unclear. The aim of this study was to determine whether visfatin has any effect on the proliferation and collagen synthesis in rat CFs. Incorporation of [H]-thymidine and [H]-proline were used for evaluating DNA and collagen synthesis. Flow cytometry techniques were adopted to analyze cell cycle. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used for measuring collagen type I and III production. RT-PCR and Western blot anal...

Age influences glucose handling in acute phase of STEMI

MedWire News - Diabetes — Fri, 12 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Older patients have higher glucose levels and worse glycemic control in the early phase of ST-elevation myocardial infarction than younger patients, although insulin resistance does not vary by age, Italian researchers have shown. (Source: MedWire News - Diabetes)

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Differential gene expression in human granulosa cells from recombinant FSH versus human menopausal gonadotropin ovarian stimulation protocols

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Fri, 12 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Background: The study was designed to test the hypothesis that granulosa cell (GC) gene expression response differs between recombinant FSH and human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) stimulation regimens. Methods: Females < 35 years-old undergoing IVF for tubal or male factor infertility were prospectively randomized to one of two stimulation protocols, GnRH agonist long protocol plus individualized dosages of (1) recombinant (r)FSH (Gonal-F) or (2) purified human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG; Menopur). Oocytes were retrieved 35 h post-hCG, and GC were collected. Total RNA was extracted from each GC sample, biotinylated cRNA was synthesized, and each sample was run on Human Genome Bioarrays (Applied Microarrays). Unnamed genes and genes with (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Diagnostic and prognostic testing to evaluate coronary artery disease in patients with diabetes mellitus

Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders — Thu, 11 Mar 2010 18:25:19 +0100

Abstract Coronary artery disease (CAD) continues to be the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). In recent years, the strategies for treatment of CAD in DM have undergone much evolution. Currently, all patients with DM, regardless of symptoms or diagnosed CAD, are treated aggressively for CAD risk factor reduction. In this clinical climate, the ability to specifically identify patients with disease that will benefit from more aggressive and invasive therapies remains a challenge. In this article we review the current literature on diagnostic and prognostic utility of conventional non-invasive modalities for assessment of CAD in patients with DM, as well as on novel and emerging methods for CAD risk stratification. Content...

Long-Acting Insulin Analogs May up Risk of Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Children

Medscape Diabetes Headlines — Thu, 11 Mar 2010 17:31:27 +0100

Use of insulin glargine or detemir rather than NPH insulin does not reduce the risk of ketoacidosis in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes, and in fact may increase the risk, a new study shows. Reuters Health Information (Source: Medscape Diabetes Headlines)

Foods high in meat and fat confer increased risk for diabetes in all ethnic groups

MedWire News - Diabetes — Thu, 11 Mar 2010 14:21:42 +0100

Foods high in meat and fat appear to confer an increased risk for diabetes in all ethnic groups, whereas the effects of other dietary patterns vary by gender and ethnicity, say US researchers. (Source: MedWire News - Diabetes)

National Institutes of Health Exploratory/Developmental Clinical Research Grants in Obesity

Society for Endocrinology — Thu, 11 Mar 2010 12:00:00 +0100

The objective of the grant scheme is to establish 'Nutrition Obesity Research Centres' that bring together basic science and clinical investigators from relevant disciplines to enhance and extend the effectiveness of research related to nutritional sciences, obesity, and related disorders, with clinical and translational applications in these areas. A total pot of $5,000,000 is available to fund a total of five new and/or renewal grants. Direct costs are limited to $750,000 per year for the five-year period. To apply for the grant, applicants must first submit a letter of intent by 25 May. The full application details are available by following the link below. Further details (Source: Society for Endocrinology)

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Wellcome Trust Postdoctoral Training Fellowships for MB/PhD Graduates

Society for Endocrinology — Thu, 11 Mar 2010 12:00:00 +0100

The Wellcome Trust are offering a unique opportunity to newly qualified MB/PhD graduates, or those who have completed a PhD during or before starting their medical degree, to undertake a period of postdoctoral training in the best laboratories in the UK or overseas. These fellowships enable successful candidates to make an early start to an independent research career. The fellowships can be focused on research, or can incorporate clinical training. Candidates should have completed foundation training and have demonstrated significant progress towards gaining the core clinical competences that would be expected of a specialty level trainee or integrated academic training pathway (IATP) academic clinical fellow. For more information, contact Emma Tomlinson: e.tomlinson@wellcome.ac.uk, or ...

Metabolic syndrome: a game of consequences? (The Economist, 11 March 2010)

Society for Endocrinology — Thu, 11 Mar 2010 12:00:00 +0100

University of Texas researchers have suggested that increased growth and activity of adipocyte cells and insulin-resistance, precursors to metabolic syndrome, could actually be protective responses to a 'toxic' level of lipids in the blood, revealing new insights into the management of insulin-resistance, obesity and other related conditions. Full article (Source: Society for Endocrinology)

Glycated Hemoglobin Tests See Increasing Use

Diabetes News From Medical News Today — Thu, 11 Mar 2010 10:00:00 +0100

Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) testing is one of the success stories of point-of-care diagnostics, and an area that will experience higher growth rates than other POC tests as a result of expert recommendations, new cases and booming mail-in test sales, according to the new report "Point-of-care Diagnostics 2010 and Beyond: Rapid Testing at a Crossroads," by healthcare market rese... (Source: Diabetes News From Medical News Today)

The American Diabetes Association Encourages Community Organizations To Join The Movement To Stop Diabetes

Diabetes News From Medical News Today — Thu, 11 Mar 2010 10:00:00 +0100

The American Diabetes Association announced today their efforts to further engage community organizations across the country in raising awareness about the seriousness of diabetes and its complications through the Association's Stop Diabetes movement... (Source: Diabetes News From Medical News Today)

Revascularization for coronary artery disease in diabetes mellitus: Angioplasty, stents and coronary artery bypass grafting

Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders — Thu, 11 Mar 2010 08:06:56 +0100

Abstract Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are prone to a diffuse and rapidly progressive form of atherosclerosis, which increases their likelihood of requiring revascularization. However, the unique pathophysiology of atherosclerosis in patients with DM modifies the response to arterial injury, with profound clinical consequences for patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Multiple studies have shown that DM is a strong risk factor for restenosis following successful balloon angioplasty or coronary stenting, with greater need for repeat revascularization and inferior clinical outcomes. Early data suggest that drug eluting stents reduce restenosis rates and the need for repeat revascularization irrespective of the diabetic state and with no signifi...

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Oligodeoxynucleotide IMT504 induces a marked recovery in a streptozotocin-induced model of diabetes in rats: correlation with an early increase in the expression of nestin and neurogenin 3 progenitor cell markers

Diabetologia — Thu, 11 Mar 2010 07:57:09 +0100

Conclusions/interpretation IMT504 induced a marked recovery of STZ-induced diabetes that correlated with early production of progenitor cell markers, such as nestin and NGN3. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00125-010-1694-zAuthors M. S. Bianchi, Institute of Biology and Experimental Medicine (IBYME-CONICET) Buenos Aires ArgentinaA. Hernando-Insúa, Immunotech Buenos Aires ArgentinaN. A. Chasseing, Institute of Biology and Experimental Medicine (IBYME-CONICET) Buenos Aires ArgentinaJ. M. Rodríguez, Fundación Pablo Cassará Buenos Aires ArgentinaF. Elías, Fundación Pablo Cassará Buenos Aires ArgentinaN. Lago, Gema Biotech Buenos Aires ArgentinaJ. Zorzopulos, Immunotech Buenos Aires ArgentinaC. Libertun, Institute of Biology and Experimenta...

Copper(II)-selective chelation improves function and antioxidant defences in cardiovascular tissues of rats as a model of diabetes: comparisons between triethylenetetramine and three less copper-selective transition-metal-targeted treatments

Diabetologia — Thu, 11 Mar 2010 07:57:08 +0100

Conclusions/interpretation TETA may limit the cardiac and renal/vascular damage inflicted by diabetes through its actions to reinforce antioxidant defence mechanisms, probably acting through selective chelation of ‘loosely-bound’/chelatable Cu(II). It may also improve heparan sulphate homeostasis and bolster antioxidant defence by increasing vascular extracellular superoxide dismutase activity. Urinary albumin/creatinine ratio might prove useful for monitoring TETA treatment. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00125-010-1698-8Authors J. Lu, University of Auckland School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science Private Bag 92019 Auckland New ZealandD. Gong, University of Auckland School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science Private B...

Cardiac Catheterizations: Too Many Performed?

MedicineNet Diabetes General — Thu, 11 Mar 2010 07:00:00 +0100

Title: Cardiac Catheterizations: Too Many Performed?Category: Health NewsCreated: 3/11/2010 10:14:00 AMLast Editorial Review: 3/11/2010 10:14:51 AM (Source: MedicineNet Diabetes General)

Measurement of Adiponectin Production from Differentiated Metabolic Stem Cells

Hormone and Metabolic Research — Thu, 11 Mar 2010 03:16:17 +0100

Horm Metab ResDOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1248304AbstractTo treat metabolic syndrome, fat tissue dysfunction should be corrected rather than controlling conventional risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus. For this purpose, accumulating evidence suggests increasing plasma adiponectin levels can be a key treatment strategy, especially in setting of food or drug selection. Here we report that adipocyte precursors obtained from several sites of fat tissue, which we call Metabolic Stem Cells (MSC), could be used as a novel screening system to identify adiponectin enhancing drugs or food for individual patients. MSC were prepared from fat tissues collected from 29 patients. They were differentiated in cultures into mature adipocytes. The time course of adiponectin produc...

Management of dyslipidemia in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders — Thu, 11 Mar 2010 02:47:41 +0100

Abstract Cardiovascular disease is a major complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and this is partly due to associated abnormalities of plasma lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. Although glycemic control improves plasma lipoprotein abnormalities and may have an independent benefit on cardiovascular risk reduction, the magnitude of this benefit is less than cholesterol lowering therapy. Current treatment guidelines for the management of dyslipidemia in people with type 2 diabetes are based on the results of cardiovascular outcome clinical trials. Primary emphasis of treatment should be on lowering LDL-C to < 100 mg/dl with statins. If cardiovascular disease is present, then high dose statins should be used, and an optional LDL-C goal < 70 is recommended. If tri...

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Erratum to: Assessing the effect of interaction between an FTO variant (rs9939609) and physical activity on obesity in 15,925 Swedish and 2,511 finnish adults

Diabetologia — Thu, 11 Mar 2010 02:37:17 +0100

Content Type Journal ArticleCategory ErratumDOI 10.1007/s00125-010-1709-9Authors A. Jonsson, Lund University Department of Clinical Sciences–Diabetes and Endocrinology, CRC, Malmö University Hospital MAS Malmö SwedenF. Renström, Umeå University Hospital Genetic Epidemiology and Clinical Research Group, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine Clinic Level 4, Stair B Umeå 901 87 SwedenV. Lyssenko, Lund University Department of Clinical Sciences–Diabetes and Endocrinology, CRC, Malmö University Hospital MAS Malmö SwedenE. C. Brito, Umeå University Hospital Genetic Epidemiology and Clinical Research Group, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine Clinic Level 4, Stair B Umeå 901 87 SwedenB. Isomaa, Folkhälsan Genetic Institute Helsinki F...

Ablation of AMP-activated protein kinase α1 and α2 from mouse pancreatic beta cells and RIP2.Cre neurons suppresses insulin release in vivo

Diabetologia — Thu, 11 Mar 2010 02:37:15 +0100

Conclusions/interpretation Inhibition of AMPK activity within the beta cell is necessary, but not sufficient for stimulation of insulin secretion by glucose to occur. AMPK activation in extrapancreatic RIP2.Cre-expressing cells might also influence insulin secretion in vivo. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00125-010-1692-1Authors G. Sun, Imperial College London Section of Cell Biology, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Exhibition Road, South Kensington London SW7 2AZ UKA. I. Tarasov, Imperial College London Section of Cell Biology, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Sir Alexander Fleming Bu...

No association between thiazolidinedione exposure and DME

MedWire News - Diabetes — Thu, 11 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Exposure to thiazolidinediones is not associated with increased risk for diabetic macular edema in patients with Type 2 diabetes, suggest study results. (Source: MedWire News - Diabetes)

A massive ovarian mucinous cystadenoma: a case report

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Thu, 11 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: This case report emphasizes the significance of thorough evaluation of all women presented with vague abdominal pains. Although the condition is extremely rare, it is a potentially dangerous in its massive form if not timely diagnosed and managed properly. With the increasing awareness of such conditions, more and more cases could be detected and reported early. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

An observational study of type 2 diabetes within a large Australian tertiary hospital pediatric diabetes service

Pediatric Diabetes — Thu, 11 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: At present, T2DM in youth remains a low burden on our services. Patients with this diagnosis, however, have significant problems that present a major challenge to the development of effective management strategies. (Source: Pediatric Diabetes)

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Diamyd Medical: Diamyd US Phase III Study Well Under Way

Diabetes News From Medical News Today — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 22:00:00 +0100

Diamyd Medical (STO:DIAMB)(Pink Sheets:DMYDY) announces today that one hundred study participants have been included in the ongoing US Phase III study, DiaPrevent. The global Phase III program with the company's lead drug candidate Diamyd® has thereby enrolled more than 430 children newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes in Europe and the USA... (Source: Diabetes News From Medical News Today)

Long term outcome following repeat transsphenoidal surgery for recurrent endocrine-inactive pituitary adenomas

Pituitary — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 18:28:49 +0100

We present long term follow-up for a series of 81 patients who underwent repeat surgery for recurrent non-secreting pituitary adenomas. We analyzed data collected from all adult patients undergoing their second microsurgical transsphenoidal resection of a histologically proven endocrine-inactive pituitary adenoma at the University of California at San Francisco between January 1970 and March 2001. Data for these patients were collected by review of medical records, mail, and/or telephone interviews. Visual function, anterior pituitary function, and tumor control rates were analyzed for the series. Records were available for a total of 81 recurrent EIA patients. The median time between their initial and repeat operations was 4.1 years. The mean tumor size was 2.2 ± 0.2...

Thyroid cancer is the most common cancer associated with acromegaly

Pituitary — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 18:28:48 +0100

Abstract The aim of the study was to screen the malignancy in an acromegalic patient group and to determine whether there was any increased risk and the incidence of malignancy and its association with disease characteristics such as duration of disease, latency in diagnosis, and GH and IGF-1 levels. One hundred-five (65 female, 40 male) patients with acromegaly followed and treated at Cerrahpasa Medical School, Endocrinology and Metabolism outpatient clinic between 1983 and 2007 were included in this study. The patients were screened with colonoscopy, mammography, and thyroid and prostate ultrasonography (US). Malignancy was detected in 16 (15%) patients. Thyroid cancer was found in 5 patients (4.7%), breast cancer in 3 (2.8%), colon cancer in 2 (1.9%), lung cancer in 2 (...

Mitigating the Cardiovascular Risk of Anemia in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and CKD: Does Darbepoetin Help? The TREAT Trial

Current Diabetes Reports — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 16:21:33 +0100

Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Clinical Trial ReportDOI 10.1007/s11892-010-0098-2Authors Christi Hayes, State University of New York-Downstate Medical Center and Kings County Hospital Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine 450 Clarkson Avenue Box 50 Brooklyn NY 11203 USAAnis Alam, State University of New York-Downstate Medical Center and Kings County Hospital Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine 450 Clarkson Avenue Box 50 Brooklyn NY 11203 USAJulie Black-Peart, State University of New York-Downstate Medical Center and Kings County Hospital Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine 450 Clarkson Avenue Box 50 Brooklyn NY 11203 USASamy I. McFarlane, State University of New York-Downstate Medical Center and Kings County Hospital Division of Endocrinolo...

Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Obesity, and Cancer

Current Diabetes Reports — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 16:21:32 +0100

Abstract Epidemiologic studies have proposed a link between obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cancer. The pathophysiologic mechanisms involved in the development of type 2 diabetes, namely hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance, have also been implicated in cancer development. Patients with type 2 diabetes are reported to have a worse response to cancer chemotherapy, have more complications, and have a poorer prognosis than patients with cancer without diabetes. Studies also have reported that insulin, insulin secretagogues, and metformin may have effects on tumor growth. Given the escalating worldwide prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes, their relationship to cancer has generated great interest and research across many fields of medicine. Content Type Journal Artic...

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Usefulness of Vegetarian and Vegan Diets for Treating Type 2 Diabetes

Current Diabetes Reports — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 16:21:31 +0100

This article reviews observational studies and intervention trials on such diets, and discusses their efficacy, nutritional adequacy, acceptability, and sustainability. Research to date has demonstrated that a low-fat, plant-based nutritional approach improves control of weight, glycemia, and cardiovascular risk. These studies have also shown that carefully planned vegan diets can be more nutritious than diets based on more conventional diet guidelines, with an acceptability that is comparable with that of other therapeutic regimens. Current intervention guidelines from professional organizations offer support for this approach. Vegetarian and vegan diets present potential advantages in managing type 2 diabetes that merit the attention of individuals with diabetes and their caregiver...

Overview of the importance of glycaemic control for cardiovascular events in the in-and out-patient setting

Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 16:20:48 +0100

Abstract Worldwide prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the adult population is increasing and when explicitly searched within specific groups of patients, as those presenting cardiovascular disease (CVD), dysglycaemia is detected in about three-quarters of the patients. Dysglycaemia alone is a major risk factor for microvascular and macrovascular complications that impair quality of life and diminish survival. The coexistence of CVD and dysglycaemia in the same individual increases its cardiovascular risk considerably. Since a significant proportion of dysglycaemic individuals develop vascular damage and the disturbed glucose metabolism remains undetected until the first cardiovascular event, there is imperative need for improved strategies for glucometabolic health assessm...

Cushing’s syndrome: Why is diagnosis so difficult?

Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 16:20:48 +0100

This article describes a current model of clinical reasoning, some of its challenges, and the application of the principles of clinical epidemiology to meet some of those challenges. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11154-010-9127-3Authors David C. Aron, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Division of Clinical and Molecular Endocrinology, Department of Medicine Cleveland OH USA Journal Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic DisordersOnline ISSN 1573-2606Print ISSN 1389-9155 (Source: Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders)

Type 2 diabetes impairs pulmonary function in morbidly obese women: a case–control study

Diabetologia — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 15:41:29 +0100

Conclusions/interpretation The presence of diabetes and the degree of glycaemic control are related to respiratory function impairment in morbidly obese women. Therefore, the impact of type 2 diabetes on pulmonary function should be taken into consideration by those providing care for obese people. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00125-010-1700-5Authors A. Lecube, Institut de Recerca Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit Passeig Vall d’Hebron, 119-129 08035 Barcelona SpainG. Sampol, Institut de Recerca Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de ...

Overexpression of the orphan receptor Nur77 alters glucose metabolism in rat muscle cells and rat muscle in vivo

Diabetologia — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 15:41:28 +0100

Conclusions/interpretation Our data provide compelling evidence that NUR77 is a functional regulator of glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle in vivo. Importantly, the diminished content in muscle of obese insulin-resistant men suggests that it might be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of dysregulated glucose metabolism. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00125-010-1703-2Authors T. Kanzleiter, Garvan Institute of Medical Research Diabetes and Obesity Research Program 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst Sydney NSW 2010 AustraliaE. Preston, Garvan Institute of Medical Research Diabetes and Obesity Research Program 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst Sydney NSW 2010 AustraliaD. Wilks, Garvan Institute of Medical Research Diabetes and O...

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Diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis in Austrian children in 1989–2008: a population-based analysis

Diabetologia — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 15:41:27 +0100

Conclusions The overall frequency of DKA in children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes in Austria is high and has not changed during the last 20 years despite a clear increase in the manifestation rate. In particular, children less than 2 years of age have a high risk of DKA at onset. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00125-010-1704-1Authors E. Schober, Medical University of Vienna Department of Pediatrics Währinger Gürtel 18–20 1090 Vienna AustriaB. Rami, Medical University of Vienna Department of Pediatrics Währinger Gürtel 18–20 1090 Vienna AustriaT. Waldhoer, Medical University of Vienna Department of Epidemiology, Center of Public Health Vienna Austriaon behalf of the Austrian Diabetes Incidence Study Group Jou...

Determinants of glucose control in patients with chronic pancreatitis

Diabetologia — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 15:41:27 +0100

Conclusions/interpretation Hyperglycaemia in CP patients is associated with reduced beta cell area. However, reduced beta cell area does not predict the development of diabetes, suggesting that other factors are more important determinants of alterations in glucose metabolism in patients with CP. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00125-010-1705-0Authors H. Schrader, Ruhr-University Bochum Department of Medicine I, St Josef-Hospital Gudrunstr. 56 44791 Bochum GermanyB. A. Menge, Ruhr-University Bochum Department of Medicine I, St Josef-Hospital Gudrunstr. 56 44791 Bochum GermanyC. Zeidler, Ruhr-University Bochum Department of Medicine I, St Josef-Hospital Gudrunstr. 56 44791 Bochum GermanyP. R. Ritter, Ruhr-University Bochum Department of Medic...

Impact of metabolic indices on central artery stiffness: independent association of insulin resistance and glucose with aortic pulse wave velocity

Diabetologia — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 15:41:26 +0100

Conclusions/interpretation IGR characterised by fasting or post-challenge hyperglycaemia is associated with significant vascular stiffening. Post-challenge glucose and HOMA-IR are the most powerful metabolic predictors of arterial stiffness, implying hyperglycaemic excursion and insulin resistance play important roles in the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00125-010-1689-9Authors D. R. Webb, University of Leicester Diabetes and Vascular Research Group, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences Leicester LE1 5WW UKK. Khunti, University of Leicester Department of Health Sciences Leicester UKR. Silverman, University of Leicester Diabetes and Vascular Research Group, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences Leicester L...

High normal fasting glucose level in obese youth: a marker for insulin resistance and beta cell dysregulation

Diabetologia — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 15:41:24 +0100

Conclusions/interpretation These data suggest that in obese youth, independent of age, BMI z score, sex, family history and ethnicity, insulin sensitivity and secretion decline when moving from low to high normal fasting plasma glucose. The simple measure of fasting plasma glucose could assist clinicians in identifying children for targeted diabetes screening and subsequent lifestyle management. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00125-010-1693-0Authors G. O’Malley, Yale University School of Medicine Department of Pediatrics 330 Cedar Street PO Box 208064 New Haven CT 06520 USAN. Santoro, Yale University School of Medicine Department of Pediatrics 330 Cedar Street PO Box 208064 New Haven CT 06520 USAV. Northrup, Yale Center for Clinical Inv...

Primary hyperparathyroidism in Taiwan: clinical features and prevalence in a single-center experience

Endocrine — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 15:38:13 +0100

Abstract In Taiwan, urolithiasis remains a common manifestation of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). We designed this study to estimate the prevalence of PHPT in asymptomatic adults and to assess the complications already present when the disease was diagnosed. In the first phase of the study, we retrospectively reviewed 50 patients diagnosed with surgically or biochemically proven PHPT between April 1995 and April 2007. In the second phase, we reviewed the records of 4,359 asymptomatic subjects who had undergone a health examination between August 2002 and January 2007. Of the 50 patients reviewed in the first phase, hypercalcemia was the presenting complication in 33 patients (64%) followed by symptomatic recurrent solitary urolithiasis in 10 patients (20%). Of the 43 ...

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Does the dopamine transporter protein allele predict growth hormone testing results or response to growth hormone therapy?

Endocrine — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 15:38:12 +0100

In conclusion, polymorphisms in the DAT1 40 base pair (bp) VNTR genotype do not predict GH deficiency or response to GH therapy in short children. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s12020-010-9313-9Authors Maala Daniel, University at Buffalo Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Buffalo NY USALucy D. Mastrandrea, University at Buffalo Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Buffalo NY USARobbert J. Salis, University at Buffalo Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Buffalo NY USARichard Erbe, University at Buffalo Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Buffalo NY USATeresa Quattrin, University at Buffalo Department of Pediatrics...

Graves’ disease and gene polymorphism of TNF-α, IL-2, IL-6, IL-12, and IFN-γ

Endocrine — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 15:38:11 +0100

In conclusion, this is the first study to show a significant association between GD and IL-2 −330G, IL-12 −1188C, and IFN-γ UTR 5644T alleles. Our results support the hypothesis that polymorphism in pro-inflammatory cytokines might be involved in predisposition to GD. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s12020-010-9311-yAuthors Mehdi Anvari, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Molecular Immunology and Immunogenetics Research Center Tehran IranOmid Khalilzadeh, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Molecular Immunology and Immunogenetics Research Center Tehran IranAlireza Esteghamati, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital Tehran IranFatemeh Momen-Heravi, Tehran University of M...

Back to the Future: Revisiting Parathyroid Hormone and Calcitonin Control of Bone Remodeling

Hormone and Metabolic Research — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 15:09:04 +0100

Horm Metab ResDOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1248255AbstractThis review reflects on the past, present, and future of translational research on calcitropic hormones and bone metabolism. Calcitonin (CT) and parathormone (PTH) are complementary hormones involved in the acquisition and maintenance of bone mass and regulation of calcium metabolism. Early research demonstrated that these hormones could have an important role in the treatment of osteoporosis. Calcitonin was approved for this indication by the FDA more than two decades ago, and PTH gained regulatory approval for the treatment of osteoporosis nearly ten years ago. Unfortunately, basic research underlying the mechanism of action of these agents has lagged behind drug approval, and the role of these hormones in bone remodeling is still not firm...

Insulin glargine effective for treating nonobese and obese Type 2 diabetics

MedWire News - Diabetes — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 15:09:03 +0100

Results from a subgroup analysis of the ATLANTUS trial show that treatment with insulin glargine is effective for lowering glycated hemoglobin, without substantial weight gain, in obese and nonobese individuals with Type 2 diabetes. (Source: MedWire News - Diabetes)

Editorial Board

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 15:07:11 +0100

(Source: Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice)

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Endocrinology & Diabetes Research Associate - University of Manchester

Society for Endocrinology — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 12:00:00 +0100

Added via the University of Manchester jobs page. The Endocrinology and Diabetes group at the University of Manchester have an exciting opening for a postdoctoral Research Associate for up to 5 years, funded by a Wellcome Trust fellowship programme awarded to Professor Neil Hanley. The successful applicant will study the mechanisms by which pancreatic beta-cells arise during development, with the aim of providing new insights into beta-cell regeneration. Evidence of a productive research background, ideally relating to the pancreas, is required. The deadline for applications is 18 March 2010. Please visit the University of Manchester jobs page (below) for more information. Further details (Source: Society for Endocrinology)

National Institute for Health Research Clinical Lectureships

Society for Endocrinology — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 12:00:00 +0100

The National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) has released a call for applications to its 2010 round of Clinical Lectureships. These positions are aimed at clinicians who are advanced in their specialty training, have completed a research doctorate or equivalent and show outstanding potential for continuing a career in academic medicine. NHS Trusts across England are offering positions in almost every specialty. For further information on the Clinical Lectureships and how to apply for them, please visit the NIHR website at www.nihrtcc.nhs.uk. Interested parties should contact the relevant Deaneries (a list of which can be found on the NIHR website) for details on availability and timetables. (Source: Society for Endocrinology)

Hepatitis C And Insulin Resistance - Surprising Findings

Diabetes News From Medical News Today — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 11:00:00 +0100

We have known for several years that Hepatitis C, a common cause of liver cirrhosis and cancer, also makes people three to four times more likely to develop Type 2 diabetes. In studying the insulin resistance of 29 people with Hepatitis C, Australian researchers have confirmed that they have high insulin resistance, a precursor to diabetes... (Source: Diabetes News From Medical News Today)

Starting Treatment Early Doubles Chance Of Success For People With Diabetes

Diabetes News From Medical News Today — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 09:00:00 +0100

The sooner people with diabetes start taking metformin, the longer the drug remains effective, according to a Kaiser Permanente study published in the March issue of Diabetes Care, a journal of the American Diabetes Association... (Source: Diabetes News From Medical News Today)

Most Drug Studies Don't Help Docs Pick Best Treatment

MedicineNet Diabetes General — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 07:00:00 +0100

Title: Most Drug Studies Don't Help Docs Pick Best TreatmentCategory: Health NewsCreated: 3/9/2010 4:10:00 PMLast Editorial Review: 3/10/2010 (Source: MedicineNet Diabetes General)

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Obese Colon Cancer Survivors Face Poorer Prognosis

MedicineNet Diabetes General — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 07:00:00 +0100

Title: Obese Colon Cancer Survivors Face Poorer PrognosisCategory: Health NewsCreated: 3/9/2010 2:10:00 PMLast Editorial Review: 3/10/2010 (Source: MedicineNet Diabetes General)

Alzheimer's 'Epidemic' Hitting Minorities Hardest

MedicineNet Diabetes General — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 07:00:00 +0100

Title: Alzheimer's 'Epidemic' Hitting Minorities HardestCategory: Health NewsCreated: 3/9/2010 10:10:00 AMLast Editorial Review: 3/10/2010 (Source: MedicineNet Diabetes General)

Cost of Junk Food May Influence Consumption

MedicineNet Diabetes General — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 07:00:00 +0100

Title: Cost of Junk Food May Influence ConsumptionCategory: Health NewsCreated: 3/9/2010 10:10:00 AMLast Editorial Review: 3/10/2010 (Source: MedicineNet Diabetes General)

Health Tip: Are You at Greater Risk of Pneumonia?

MedicineNet Diabetes General — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 07:00:00 +0100

Title: Health Tip: Are You at Greater Risk of Pneumonia?Category: Health NewsCreated: 3/9/2010 10:10:00 AMLast Editorial Review: 3/10/2010 (Source: MedicineNet Diabetes General)

New Study Says Discussing Weight Loss Encourages Weight Loss

Diabetes1 Articles — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 05:00:00 +0100

Overweight patients with type 2 who have frequent, weight-specific conversations with their doctor are more likely to engage in healthy weight loss routines. (Source: Diabetes1 Articles)

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Thyrotropin Serum Concentrations in Patients with Papillary Thyroid Microcancers

Thyroid — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 04:04:17 +0100

Thyroid , Vol. 0, No. 0. (Source: Thyroid)

Salivary Aldosterone as a Diagnostic Aid in Primary Aldosteronism

Hormone and Metabolic Research — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 03:11:04 +0100

Horm Metab ResDOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1248287AbstractRecent evidence demonstrates an increased incidence of primary aldosteronism (PA) in approximately 10% of the hypertensive population, making noninvasive and simple screening methods necessary. The aim of the present study was to apply a time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay for the measurement of aldosterone in saliva and the establishment of a cut-off to identify patients with a high likelihood for PA requiring subsequent screening with the aldosterone to renin ratio. Saliva was collected (AM and PM) to ascertain an optimum time with best discriminating power between healthy and disease states. Plasma aldosterone, after overnight recumbency and 4 h later, was collected for posture testing. The participants included 53 PA patients (a...

Effect of acute and prolonged mineralocorticoid receptor blockade on spontaneous and stimulated hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in humans.

European Journal of Endocrinology — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: MR blockade by acute CAN administration significantly enhances the HPA activity in the afternoon, during the quiescent phase of the circadian rhythm. At the same period, prolonged treatment with CAN amplifies both spontaneous and CRH-stimulated activity of the HPA axis while it blunts the HPA rensponsiveness to a further MR-mediated stimulation. PMID: 20219855 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: European Journal of Endocrinology)

Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration of thyroid nodules: stratification of malignancy risk using follicular proliferation grading, clinical and ultrasonographic features.

European Journal of Endocrinology — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The integration of FP grade, clinical and US features allows the stratification of patients with FP cytology according to their risk of malignancy. PMID: 20219856 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: European Journal of Endocrinology)

Thyroid Hormone-Regulated Mouse Cerebral Cortex Genes Are Differentially Dependent on the Source of the Hormone: A Study in Monocarboxylate Transporter-8- and Deiodinase-2-Deficient Mice.

Endocrinology — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Morte B, Ceballos A, Diez D, Grijota-Martínez C, Dumitrescu AM, Di Cosmo C, Galton VA, Refetoff S, Bernal J Thyroid hormones influence brain development through the control of gene expression. The concentration of the active hormone T3 in the brain depends on T3 transport through the blood-brain barrier, mediated in part by the monocarboxylate transporter 8 (Mct8/MCT8) and the activity of type 2 deiodinase (D2) generating T3 from T4. The relative roles of each of these pathways in the regulation of brain gene expression is not known. To shed light on this question, we analyzed thyroid hormone-dependent gene expression in the cerebral cortex of mice with inactivated Mct8 (Slc16a2) and Dio2 genes, alone or in combination. We used 34 target genes identified to be controlled ...

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The Positive Effects of Growth Hormone-Releasing Peptide-6 on Weight Gain and Fat Mass Accrual Depend on the Insulin/Glucose Status.

Endocrinology — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, GHRP-6 and insulin exert an additive effect on weight gain and visceral fat mass accrual in diabetic rats, indicating that some of GHRP-6's metabolic effects depend on the insulin/glucose status. PMID: 20219977 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Endocrinology)

Expression of E-Cadherin and N-Cadherin in Perinatal Hamster Ovary: Possible Involvement in Primordial Follicle Formation and Regulation by Follicle-Stimulating Hormone.

Endocrinology — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

We examined the expression and hormonal regulation of E-cadherin (CDH1) and N-cadherin (CDH2) with respect to primordial follicle formation. Hamster Cdh1 and Cdh2 cDNA and amino acid sequences were more than 90% similar to those of the mouse, rat, and human. Although CDH1 expression remained exclusively in the oocytes during neonatal ovary development, CDH2 expression shifted from the oocytes to granulosa cells of primordial follicles on postnatal day (P)8. Subsequently, strong CDH2 expression was restricted to granulosa cells of growing follicles. Cdh2 mRNA levels in the ovary decreased from embryonic d 13 through P10 with a transient increase on P7, which was the day before the appearance of primordial follicles. Cdh1 mRNA levels decreased from embryonic d 13 through P3 and then showed a...

Glioma Pathogenesis-Related 1-Like 1 Is Testis Enriched, Dynamically Modified, and Redistributed during Male Germ Cell Maturation and Has a Potential Role in Sperm-Oocyte Binding.

Endocrinology — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Gibbs GM, Lo JC, Nixon B, Jamsai D, O'Connor AE, Rijal S, Sanchez-Partida LG, Hearn MT, Bianco DM, O'Bryan MK The glioma pathogenesis-related 1 (GLIPR1) family consists of three genes [GLIPR1, GLIPR1-like 1 (GLIPR1L1), and GLIPR1-like 2 (GLIPR1L2)] and forms a distinct subgroup within the cysteine-rich secretory protein (CRISP), antigen 5, and pathogenesis-related 1 (CAP) superfamily. CAP superfamily proteins are found in phyla ranging from plants to humans and, based largely on expression and limited functional studies, are hypothesized to have roles in carcinogenesis, immunity, cell adhesion, and male fertility. Specifically data from a number of systems suggests that sequences within the C-terminal CAP domain of CAP proteins have the ability to promote cell-cell adhesion. H...

Prolactin Increases the Synthesis of 7{alpha}-Hydroxypregnenolone, a Key Factor for Induction of Locomotor Activity, in Breeding Male Newts.

Endocrinology — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

In this study, cytochrome P4507alpha (CYP7B), a steroidogenic enzyme catalyzing the formation of 7alpha-hydroxypregnenolone, was first identified to analyze seasonal changes in 7alpha-hydroxypregnenolone synthesis. Only males exhibited marked seasonal changes in 7alpha-hydroxypregnenolone synthesis and CYP7B expression in the brain, with a maximum level in the spring breeding period when locomotor activity of males increases. Subsequently we identified PRL as a key component of the mechanism regulating 7alpha-hydroxypregnenolone synthesis. Hypophysectomy decreased 7alpha-hydroxypregnenolone synthesis in the male brain, whereas administration of PRL but not gonadotropins to hypophysectomized males caused a dose-dependent increase in 7alpha-hydroxypregnenolone synthesis. To analyze the mode ...

Exendin-4 Prevents c-Jun N-Terminal Protein Kinase Activation by Tumor Necrosis Factor-{alpha} (TNF{alpha}) and Inhibits TNF{alpha}-Induced Apoptosis in Insulin-Secreting Cells.

Endocrinology — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, JNK activation mediates TNFalpha-induced apoptosis and impairment of the IRS/Akt signaling pathway in insulin-secreting cells. By inhibiting JNK phosphorylation in a PKA-dependent manner, exendin-4 counteracts TNFalpha-mediated apoptosis and reverses the inhibitory events in the IRS/Akt pathway, resulting in promotion of cell survival. PMID: 20219981 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Endocrinology)

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Phospholipase D2 Mediates Acute Aldosterone Secretion in Response to Angiotensin II in Adrenal Glomerulosa Cells.

Endocrinology — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Qin H, Frohman MA, Bollag WB In primary bovine adrenal glomerulosa cells, the signaling enzyme phospholipase D (PLD) is suggested to mediate priming, the enhancement of aldosterone secretion after pretreatment with and removal of angiotensin II (AngII), via the formation of persistently elevated diacylglycerol (DAG). To further explore PLD's role in priming, glomerulosa cells were pretreated with an exogenous bacterial PLD. Using this approach, phosphatidic acid (PA) is generated on the outer, rather than the inner, leaflet of the plasma membrane. Although PA is not readily internalized, the PA is nonetheless rapidly hydrolyzed by cell-surface PA phosphatases to DAG, which efficiently flips to the inner leaflet and accesses the cell interior. Pretreatment with bacterial PLD re...

Skeletal Muscle Lipid Content and Insulin Sensitivity in Black Versus White Obese Adolescents: Is There a Race Differential?

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: SMLC is not different between black and white obese adolescents who have similar total body adiposity but lower visceral fat in blacks. The lack of association between IS and SMLC after adjusting for total adiposity suggest that muscle fat does not make a unique contribution to IS in this group of obese adolescents regardless of race. PMID: 20219892 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism)

Relationship between insulin resistance, inflammation and liver cell apoptosis in patients with severe obesity

Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

In obesity, insulin resistance appears frequently after activation of proinflammatory molecules. Caspase-generated cytokeratin-18 (CK-18) fragments are produced during the apoptosis of hepatic cells. The main objective in the present study is to investigate the relationship between insulin resistance and caspase-generated CK-18 fragments in patients with severe obesity.Sixty-two patients selected for bariatric surgery were clinically studied (sex, age, weight, waist diameter, body mass index, arterial pressure and type 2 diabetes mellitus) and analytic parameters were measured in blood (glucose concentration, cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, adiponectin, interleukin 6, in...

Urinary biomarkers involved in type 2 diabetes: a review

Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most challenging health concerns of the 21st century. With at least 30% of the diabetic population remaining undiagnosed, effective and early diagnosis is of critical concern. Development of a diagnostic test, more convenient and reliable than those currently used, would therefore be highly beneficial. Urine as a diagnostic medium allows for non-invasive detection of biomarkers, including some associated with type 2 diabetes and its complications. This review provides a synopsis of those urinary biomarkers that potentially may provide a basis for the development of improved diagnostic tests. Three main pathways for the sourcing of potential makers are identified: kidney damage, oxidative stress and low-grade inflammation including atherosclerosis/vascular da...

Pancreatic fat is negatively associated with insulin secretion in individuals with impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance: a nuclear magnetic resonance study

Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

The pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance and [beta]-cell dysfunction. Pancreatic fat load may add to the development of [beta]-cell dysfunction. The aim was to thoroughly quantify the fat content of pancreas sections (caput, corpus, and cauda) and to compare the impact of pancreatic, intrahepatic, and visceral fat on insulin secretion in humans.Fifty-one subjects were subjected to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with glucose, insulin, and C-peptide measurements [28 subjects displayed normal glucose tolerance, 23 impaired fasting glycemia (IFG)] and/or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT)], and also to whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), pancreas MRI, and liver magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS).After adjustment for gender and age, the mean pa...

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Dexamethasone effective for treating diabetic macular edema

MedWire News - Diabetes — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Intravitreous treatment with dexamethasone is well tolerated and significantly improves visual acuity in patients with persistent diabetic macular edema, report researchers. (Source: MedWire News - Diabetes)

Use of continuous glucose monitoring in young children with type 1 diabetes: implications for behavioral research

Pediatric Diabetes — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: CGM is an acceptable research tool for obtaining glucose data in young children with T1DM and has been used previously in older children and adults. CGM may be particularly useful in young children who often experience more glucose variability. Data obtained via CGM are richer and more detailed than traditional SMBG data and allow for analyses to link blood glucose with behavior. (Source: Pediatric Diabetes)

Type 1 diabetes patients born to immigrants to Sweden increase their native diabetes risk and differ from Swedish patients in HLA types and islet autoantibodies

Pediatric Diabetes — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Delli AJ, Lindblad B, Carlsson A, Forsander G, Ivarsson S-A, Ludvigsson J, Marcus C, Lernmark Å; for the Better Diabetes Diagnosis (BDD) Study Group. Type 1 diabetes patients born to immigrants to Sweden increase their native diabetes risk and differ from Swedish patients in HLA types and islet autoantibodies. Aim: To determine whether type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients, having parents who immigrated to Sweden, have increased T1DM risk before 18 yr compared with countries of origin. We also determined whether they have different human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genetic markers and islet autoantibodies at diagnosis compared with Swedish patients. Methods: A total of 1988 (53% males) newly diagnosed and confirmed T1DM patients (Source: Pediatric Diabetes)

Relation of subepicardial adipose tissue thickness and clinical and metabolic parameters in obese prepubertal children

Pediatric Diabetes — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Our study on obese prepubertal children showed that SATT was significantly correlated with age, BMI, WC, HC, MAC, TSF, insulin, and HOMA-IR. (Source: Pediatric Diabetes)

Glucokinase diabetes in 103 families from a country-based study in the Czech Republic: geographically restricted distribution of two prevalent GCK mutations

Pediatric Diabetes — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The study shows a relatively high proportion of GCK mutations among individuals with GCK-like phenotype, confirming the effectiveness of carefully applied clinical criteria prior to genetic testing. In the Czech MODY registry, GCK-MODY represents the biggest subgroup of MODY (35%). We report several prevalent GCK mutations with a likely founder effect in the Czech population. Furthermore, our results provide ground for a possible recommendation to reinspect all negative results previously obtained by screening using dHPLC. (Source: Pediatric Diabetes)

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Link Between Hepatitis C And Insulin Resistance Surprises Scientists

Diabetes News From Medical News Today — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 20:00:00 +0100

Scientists in Australia found that when they studied insulin resistance in people with Hepatitis C little or none of it was in the liver and nearly all the insulin resistance occured in muscle, which surprised them because Hepatitis C is a liver disease that not only leads to cirrhosis and cancer, but also makes people three to four times more likely to develop Type 2 diabetes... (Source: Diabetes News From Medical News Today)

Regulation of the Angiopoietin-2 Gene by hCG in Ovarian Cancer Cell Line OVCAR-3

Hormone and Metabolic Research — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 14:27:38 +0100

In conclusion, we have demonstrated that the regulation of ANG2-expression in ovarian cancer cells is hCG-dependent and we suggest that forkhead transcription factor and C/EBP-dependent pathways are involved in the regulation of ANG2-expression in ovarian cancer cells.[...]© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New YorkGet connected:Table of contents | Abstract | Full text (Source: Hormone and Metabolic Research)

Exendin-4 Protects Pancreatic Beta Cells from the Cytotoxic Effect of Rapamycin by Inhibiting JNK and p38 Phosphorylation

Hormone and Metabolic Research — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 14:27:38 +0100

Horm Metab ResDOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1249035AbstractIt has been reported that the immunosuppressant rapamycin decreases the viability of pancreatic beta cells. In contrast, exendin-4, an analogue of glucagon-like peptide-1, has been found to inhibit beta cell death and to increase beta cell mass. We investigated the effects of exendin-4 on the cytotoxic effect of rapamycin in beta cells. Incubation with 10 nM rapamycin induced cell death in 12 h in murine beta cell line MIN6 cells and Wistar rat islets, but not when coincubated with 10 nM exendin-4. Rapamycin was found to increase phosphorylation of c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 in 30 minutes in MIN6 cells and Wistar rat islets while exendin-4 decreased their phosphorylation. Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kina...

Effects of Combined Oral Contraceptive Ethinylestradiol (30 μg) and Dienogest (2 mg) on Carbohydrate Metabolism During 1 Year of Conventional or Extended-Cycle Use

Hormone and Metabolic Research — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 14:27:38 +0100

Horm Metab ResDOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1248263AbstractThe effects of extended regimens of combined oral contraceptives (COCs) on carbohydrate metabolism are largely unknown. The present study compared the effects of a COC containing 30 μg ethinylestradiol and 2 mg dienogest (EE/DNG) in conventional and extended-cycle regimen over 1 year. Parameters of carbohydrate metabolism were measured in 59 women treated with EE/DNG either conventionally (13 cycles of 21+7 days) or in extended-cycle regimen (4 cycles of 84+7 days). Blood samples were taken in a control cycle, and at 3 and 12 months of treatment. The mean levels of HbA1c and fasting glucose levels remained stable in both conventional and extended-regimen of EE/DNG. The mean levels of fasting insulin and C-peptide underwent c...

Antidiabetic Effect of Gynostemma pentaphyllum Tea in Randomly Assigned Type 2 Diabetic Patients*

Hormone and Metabolic Research — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 14:27:38 +0100

This study shows a prompt improvement of glycemia and insulin sensitivity, and thereby provides a basis for a novel, effective, and safe approach, using tea, to treat type 2 diabetic patients.[...]© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New YorkGet connected:Table of contents | Abstract | Full text (Source: Hormone and Metabolic Research)

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Genetic Associations of IL1RN Polymorphisms with Metabolic Syndrome in a Korean Population

Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology and Diabetes — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 14:27:37 +0100

Exp Clin Endocrinol DiabetesDOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1248288AbstractMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is rapidly growing into one of the major public health issues worldwide. Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL1Ra) functions as a competitor of proinflammatory cytokines and has an important role in metabolic functions, including insulin secretion. To identify the relationship between the interleukin 1 receptor antagonist gene and MetS, we genotyped nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the gene using direct sequencing in 66 MetS patients and 346 normal subjects in the Korean population. Among the nine polymorphisms, after adjusting for age and sex, rs928940 (G>T) showed a significant association with MetS in the codominant ( 0.023) and recessive models ( 0.011). Also, rs315952 (C>T) exh...

Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant System in Rats Acutely Treated with Acetone

Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology and Diabetes — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 14:27:37 +0100

The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of acute treatment (AT) with acetone on the oxidative and metabolic status of rats. The AT group (n=16) was treated by gavage with a single administration of 7.0 g acetone/kg body weight at a concentration of 25% (m/v). Eight rats were euthanized 6 h later (AT6) and eight 24 h later (AT24). Acetone levels were determined in blood and urine and oxidative parameters were analyzed by determining thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS, indicators of lipid peroxidation) and reduced glutathione (GSH) and vitamin E as antioxidant parameters. Serum glucose, blood cholesterol and triglycerieds and hepatic fat were also determined. The results indicated a significant difference in the hepatic oxidative parameters,...

Licorice – or more?

Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology and Diabetes — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 14:27:37 +0100

Exp Clin Endocrinol DiabetesDOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1224123AbstractA 57 yr old man presented to endocrinology clinic with a six year history of poorly controlled hypertension which was treated with Metoprolol 200 mg/day and Enalapril 20 mg/day. He was asymptomatic but incidentally hypokalaemia was detected while having cholecystectomy, two years prior to his clinic appointment. He had never been on diuretics or laxatives. He was started on potassium supplements (120 mmol/d) and advised to increase dietary potassium by the surgical team. A detailed personal history revealed ingestion of 300–500 g licorice per day. Physical examination was unremarkable apart from increased blood pressure of 180/105 mmHg. Following the initial visit, his serum electrolyes (K+3....

High basic fibroblast growth factor increases CHD risk in Type 2 diabetics

MedWire News - Diabetes — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 14:27:37 +0100

Elevated plasma basic fibroblast growth factor immunoreactivity increases coronary heart disease risk in men with Type 2 diabetes, report researchers. (Source: MedWire News - Diabetes)

Hypoglycemic effect of aqueous extract of

International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 14:27:06 +0100

Conclusion: The aqueous extract of Trichosanthes dioica has antihyperglycemic action. (Source: International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries)

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Type 2 diabetes mellitus: A risk factor for

International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 14:27:06 +0100

Conclusion: Diabetic patients are more prone and at risk to acquire H. Pylori infection. Therefore proper monitoring of blood glucose level and screening for H. pylori infection are effective preventive measures for this life threatening infection. (Source: International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries)

The SfE Early Career Grant programme - supporting young researchers

Society for Endocrinology — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 12:00:00 +0100

Formerly the Small Grant programme, the Early Career Grant programme provides funding of up to £10,000 to scientists, clinicians and nurses at the beginning stages of their research careers. Designed to supplement existing resources, for example to purchase equipment to gain preliminary data for a project, the Early Career Grants have helped a number of members establish themselves in the field of endocrine research. The first round of applications for the 2010 Early Career Grants is now open. Applications close on 27 May. Follow the link below to find out the criteria for eligibility to the grant, and how to apply. The SfE Early Career Grant programme (Source: Society for Endocrinology)

The SfE Early Career Grant programme - supporting and developing young researchers

Society for Endocrinology — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 12:00:00 +0100

The first round of SfE Conference Grants for 2010 is now open

Society for Endocrinology — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 12:00:00 +0100

The Society for Endocrinology is pleased to offer grants of up to £500 for attendance at overseas conferences, thanks to support by the Clinical Endocrinology Trust. The first round of applications for 2010 support travel to conferences that end before 15 August 2010. The deadline for this round of applications is 15 April 2010. Please follow the link below for information on the grant and how to apply. SfE Conference Grants (Source: Society for Endocrinology)

12th European Congress of Endocrinology - early bird registration deadline 12 March

SfE - Dates and Deadlines — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 12:00:00 +0100

24 - 28 April, Prague, Czech Republic. Register now for a reduced rate. Further information (Source: SfE - Dates and Deadlines)

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Join the Society's 'Late effects of cancer therapy' SIG and receive regular news updates

Society for Endocrinology — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 12:00:00 +0100

Members who have registered their interest with 5 of the Society's Special Interest Groups (SIGs: Obesity, Bone and Mineral, Andrology, Endocrine disruptors and Steroids) already receive regular emails alerting them to news stories on these topics. These stories are sent up to 2-3 times per week, with the option of opting out at any time. We will be introducing this service to members of the Late effects of cancer therapy SIG and in time, extending this service to the remaining 3 SIGs: Laboratory Aspects of Clinical Endocrinology (LACE)*, PCOS and Metabolic Syndrome, and Pituitary. If you are interested in receiving regular news alerts, sign up to a Society SIG here. We'd also like to take this opportunity to remind you to update your preferences and details in the members' section of the ...

Higher Fast Food Prices Lead To Lower Weight, Diabetes Risk

Diabetes News From Medical News Today — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 09:00:00 +0100

A new study that followed participants for 20 years shows both weight and risk for diabetes decreased for people in communities where fast food prices increased. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill study, published in the March 8, 2010, issue of Archives of Internal Medicine, also showed the reverse when fast food prices fell, then consumption, weight and diabetes risks rose... (Source: Diabetes News From Medical News Today)

What Is Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)? What Are The Benefits And Risks Of Hormone Replacement Therapy?

Endocrinology News From Medical News Today — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 08:00:00 +0100

Hormone replacement therapy, commonly known as HRT is a treatment used to replace hormones that the body is no longer producing because of the menopause. The hormones that need replacing are estrogen and progesterone. The therapy is based on the notion that the treatment may prevent discomfort caused by diminished circulating estrogen and progesterone hormones... (Source: Endocrinology News From Medical News Today)

Is There A Link Between Drinking Too Many Sugary Drinks And Diabetes?

Diabetes News From Medical News Today — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 08:00:00 +0100

A new study claims that having sugary drinks every day could put people at a greater risk of developing Type 2 diabetes and heart disease. American researchers found that the excessive consumption of sugary drinks, which can contain up to 200 calories each, contributed to 130,000 cases of Type 2 diabetes and 14,000 cases of heart disease between 1990 and 2000 in the USA... (Source: Diabetes News From Medical News Today)

Eye Disease Linked To Weakened Brain Power In People With Diabetes

Diabetes News From Medical News Today — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 08:00:00 +0100

Diabetic retinopathy, the leading cause of blindness in the UK's working-age population, could be associated with poorer memory and diminished brain power in people with Type 2 diabetes, according to new researchÂ¹ announced this week at leading health charity Diabetes UK's Annual Professional Conference. The study looked at 1,066 people with Type 2 diabetes aged between 60 and 75 years old... (Source: Diabetes News From Medical News Today)

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Rituximab Plus Dose–Reduced Cyclophosphamide, Mitoxantrone, Vincristine, and Prednisolone Are Effective in Elderly Patients with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma of the Thyroid

Thyroid — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 05:52:12 +0100

Thyroid , Vol. 0, No. 0. (Source: Thyroid)

Thyroid Function and Left Ventricular Structure and Function in the Framingham Heart Study

Thyroid — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 05:41:31 +0100

Thyroid , Vol. 0, No. 0. (Source: Thyroid)

Metastases of Well-Differentiated Thyroid Cancer to the Gastrointestinal System

Thyroid — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 05:36:16 +0100

Thyroid , Vol. 0, No. 0. (Source: Thyroid)

Subcutaneous Implantation of Adenomatous Goiter: An Unpredicted Complication of Endoscopic Thyroid Surgery

Thyroid — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 05:31:55 +0100

Thyroid , Vol. 0, No. 0. (Source: Thyroid)

Confirmation of Association of Chromosome 5q31–33 with United Kingdom Caucasian Graves' Disease

Thyroid — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 05:23:00 +0100

Thyroid , Vol. 0, No. 0. (Source: Thyroid)

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Alendronate Induces Mineralization in Mouse Osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 Cells: Regulation of Mineralization-Related Genes

Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology and Diabetes — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 03:31:45 +0100

In conclusion, low-dose alendronate induced mineralization in mouse osteoblastic cells. The regulation of PC-1, osteocalcin and ALP by alendronate might play some role in these effects.[...]© J. A. Barth Verlag in Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New YorkGet connected:Table of contents | Abstract | Full text (Source: Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology and Diabetes)

Vitamin D Deficiency in Saudi Arabs

Hormone and Metabolic Research — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 03:25:45 +0100

This study aimed at the evaluation of vitamin D levels in a cohort of healthy Saudi Arabs. The comprised 139 healthy subjects coming for regular blood donation. Participants had full clinical examination and evaluation of their calcium and vitamin D intake and the degree of exposure to sunlight. Serum 25-OH vitamin D was determined using Liasion chemiluminescent immunoassay and serum parathormone levels were determined using the Architect 2 000 immunochemiluminescent assay. Our results showed increased prevalence of vitamin D deficiency between Saudi Arabs (both males and females) in the studied group of subjects. Serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) did not correlate with serum vitamin D level in either male or female groups (p<0.01). Our data illustrate a high prevalence of vitamin D...

Cardiac-Specific Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Receptor Transgenic Expression Protects Against Cardiac Fibrosis and Diastolic Dysfunction in a Mouse Model of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy.

Diabetes — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The current study suggests that cardiac overexpression of IGF-1R prevented diabetes-induced cardiac fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction. Targeting IGF-1R-Akt signaling may represent a therapeutic target for the treatment of diabetic cardiac disease. PMID: 20215428 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes)

Effect of endogenous GLP-1 on insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes.

Diabetes — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: These findings indicate that in patients with well controlled diabetes the relative effects of enteral stimuli and endogenous GLP-1 to enhance insulin release is retained and comparable to NDM subjects. Surprisingly, GLP-1r signaling promotes glucose-stimulated insulin secretion independent of the mode of glucose entry. Based on rates of d-xylose absorption, GLP-1 receptor blockade did not affect gastric emptying of a solid meal. PMID: 20215429 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes)

Novel assay of metformin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and varying levels of renal function - clinical recommendations.

Diabetes Care — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Determination of serum metformin with the LCMSMS technique is useful in patients on metformin treatment. Few patients had values over 20 mumol/L. Metformin measurement is less suitable for dose titration. PMID: 20215446 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes Care)

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The Risk of Overall Mortality in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Receiving Glipizide, Glyburide, or Glimepiride Monotherapy: A Retrospective Analysis.

Diabetes Care — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Our results did not identify an increased mortality risk among the individual sulfonylureas but did suggest that glimepiride may be the preferred sulfonylurea in those with underlying CAD. PMID: 20215447 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes Care)

Glucose Intolerance and Cardiometabolic Risk in adolescent exposed to maternal Gestational Diabetes - a 15-year follow-up study.

Diabetes Care — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: In utero environment of hyperinsulinemia, irrespective of the degree of maternal GD, was associated with increased risk of overweight and metabolic syndrome during early adolescence in the offspring. PMID: 20215448 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes Care)

Maternal Glucose at 28 Weeks Gestation is Not Associated with Obesity in Two Year Old Offspring: The Belfast HAPO Family Study.

Diabetes Care — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: This study found little association between maternal glucose during pregnancy and obesity in the offspring at this young age. These findings are not unexpected given that studies of young offspring whose mothers had diabetes during pregnancy were indistinguishable from normal at this age. It will be interesting to see if, as these children age, maternal glucose during pregnancy in the ranges included in the HAPO study will be associated with obesity in their children. PMID: 20215449 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes Care)

Association of Vitamin D with Insulin Resistance and Beta-Cell Dysfunction in Subjects at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes.

Diabetes Care — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Vitamin D may play a role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, as 25(OH)D concentration was independently associated with both insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function among individuals at risk of type 2 diabetes. PMID: 20215450 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes Care)

The Association between Glycemia, Serum Lipoproteins and the Risk of Oral Leukoplakia: The Population-Based Study SHIP.

Diabetes Care — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Diabetes is associated with the risk of oral leukoplakia which is exaggerated by smoking. The risk is positively correlated with HbA(1c) concentrations. PMID: 20215451 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes Care)

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Day-to-day variation of insulin requirements of patients with type 2 diabetes and end-stage renal disease undergoing maintenance hemodialysis.

Diabetes Care — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The present study has demonstrated a significant 25% reduction in basal insulin requirements the day after dialysis compared to the day before. No significant change in boluses was observed, and overall the reduction of total insulin requirements was -15% equivalent to -4IU/day post HD of marginal statistical significance. PMID: 20215452 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes Care)

Association of A1c Levels with Vitamin D Status in U.S. Adults: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Diabetes Care — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions - These findings support a mechanistic link between serum vitamin D concentrations, glucose homeostasis, and the evolution of diabetes in a large segment of the U.S. adult population. Screening people with elevated A1c levels for vitamin D insufficiency should be considered. PMID: 20215453 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes Care)

Variation of Interstitial Glucose Measurements Assessed by Continuous Glucose Monitors in Healthy, Non-obese, Non-diabetic Individuals.

Diabetes Care — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Glucose values </=60 mg/dL and >140 mg/dL, measured with CGM, are uncommon in healthy, non-diabetic individuals. CGM may be useful to evaluate glucose tolerance in non-diabetic individuals over time. Furthermore, these data provide a basis for comparison for studies that use CGM to assess glucose control in subjects with diabetes. PMID: 20215454 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes Care)

Explanations for the lower rates of diabetic neuropathy in Indian Asians versus Europeans.

Diabetes Care — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Asians with diabetes have substantially less large and small fibre neuropathy than Europeans, despite comparable traditional risk factors. Independent from smoking, the lower risk of neuropathy in Asians is due to better skin microvascularisation and may help explain the substantially reduced Asian foot ulcer risk. PMID: 20215455 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes Care)

Effects of Cardiac Autonomic Dysfunction on Mortality Risk in the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) Trial.

Diabetes Care — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Whereas CAN was associated with increased mortality in this high-risk T2DM cohort, these analyses indicate that participants with CAN at baseline had similar mortality outcomes from intensive compared with standard glycemia treatment in the ACCORD cohort. PMID: 20215456 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes Care)

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Evaluation of an Algorithm to Guide Patients with Type I Diabetes Treated with Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion (CSII) on How to Respond to Real-Time Continuous Glucose Levels- A Randomised Control Trial.

Diabetes Care — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Early but not late algorithm provision to T1D patients using CSII/RT-CGM did not increase target glucose time but increased HbA(1c) </=7% achievement. Upon RT-CGM cessation HbA(1c) returned to baseline. PMID: 20215457 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes Care)

Executive Functioning, Treatment Adherence, and Glycemic Control in Children with Type 1 Diabetes.

Diabetes Care — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions. These results indicate that executive functioning skills (e.g. planning, problem-solving, organization, and working memory) were related to adherence, which was related to diabetes control. Executive functioning may be helpful to assess in ongoing clinical management of type 1 diabetes. PMID: 20215458 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes Care)

Childhood size and life course weight characteristics in association with the risk of incident type 2 diabetes.

Diabetes Care — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Increased body size starting from childhood is associated with a greater risk of diabetes in adulthood. However, women who become lean in adulthood do not have an increased risk. PMID: 20215459 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes Care)

Long-term trends in cardiorespiratory fitness and the incidence of type 2 diabetes.

Diabetes Care — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: These results indicate that the long-term trend in fitness is a strong predictor of the incidence of type 2 diabetes in Japanese men. PMID: 20215460 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes Care)

DURATION-1: Exenatide Once Weekly Produces Sustained Glycemic Control and Weight Loss Over 52 Weeks.

Diabetes Care — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Exenatide QW elicited sustained improvements in glycemic control and body weight through 52 weeks of treatment; patients switching to exenatide QW experienced further improvements in A1C and FPG, with sustained weight loss. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00308139. PMID: 20215461 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes Care)

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The Highly Conserved Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone-2 Form Acts as a Melatonin-Releasing Factor in the Pineal of a Teleost Fish, the European Sea Bass Dicentrarchus labrax.

Endocrinology — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

In this study performed on a perciform fish, the European sea bass, we show for the first time that the pineal organ receives GnRH-2-immunoreactive fibers originating from the synencephalic GnRH-2 neurons. This was shown through a combination of retrograde tracing and immunohistochemistry, using highly specific antibodies. Supporting the presence of GnRH-2 functional targets, RT-PCR data together with the in situ hybridization studies showed that the sea bass pineal gland strongly expressed a GnRH receptor (dlGnRHR-II-2b) with clear selectivity for GnRH-2 and, to a lesser extent, the dlGnRHR-II-1a subtype. Finally, in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate stimulatory effects of GnRH-2 on nocturnal melatonin secretion by the sea bass pineal organ. Altogether, these data provide, for the...

Activity of Retinoic Acid Receptor-{alpha} Is Directly Regulated at Its Protein Kinase A Sites in Response to Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Signaling.

Endocrinology — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Santos NC, Kim KH Retinoic acid receptor-alpha (RARA) is crucial for germ cell development in the testis, as shown by the degenerated testis in Rara gene knockout mice, which are sterile. Similarly, FSH is known to regulate Sertoli cell proliferation and differentiation, indirectly controlling the quantity of the spermatogenic output. Interestingly, FSH inhibited, via activation of FSH receptor, cAMP, and protein kinase A (PKA), the nuclear localization and transcriptional activity of RARA. Given that retinoic acid, the ligand for RARA, is known to regulate cell proliferation and differentiation, we investigated whether FSH regulates RARA by a direct posttranslational phosphorylation mechanism. Mutagenesis of serine 219 (S219) and S369 at the PKA sites on RARA to either double...

Episodes of Prolactin Gene Expression in GH3 Cells Are Dependent on Selective Promoter Binding of Multiple Circadian Elements.

Endocrinology — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

In this study, we used serum-shocked GH3 cells, established previously to synchronize PRL pulses between cells in culture, to reveal that pulses of PRL mRNA are linked temporally to the expression of bmal1, cry1, per1, and per3 mRNA in these cells. Moreover, we found that each of these circadian factors binds to the rat PRL promoter by chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis. Using EMSA analysis, we observed that two sites present in the proximal promoter region, E-box133 and E-box10, bind circadian factors differentially (E-box133 interacted with BMAL1, cryptochrome-1, period (PER)-1, and PER3 but not PER2 and E-box10 bound BMAL1, cryptochrome-1, PER2, PER3 but not PER1). More importantly, down-regulation of any factor binding E-box133 significantly reduced PRL mRNA levels during pulse per...

Insulinoma-Associated Antigen-1 Zinc-Finger Transcription Factor Promotes Pancreatic Duct Cell Trans-Differentiation.

Endocrinology — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Zhang T, Wang H, Saunee NA, Breslin MB, Lan MS Insulinoma-associated antigen-1 (INSM1/IA-1) is a unique zinc-finger transcription factor restrictedly expressed in pancreatic beta-cells during early pancreas development. INSM1 is transiently activated by the islet-specific endocrine factor neurogenin 3, and it subsequently regulates downstream target genes NeuroD1 and insulin during beta-cell maturation. Here, we examined how the INSM1 transcription factor contributes to endocrine cell differentiation using a defined serum-free medium-primed pancreatic duct cell model. We showed that ectopic expression of INSM1 can promote Panc-1 cell trans-differentiation. INSM1 up-regulates two islet transcription factors (ITFs), paired box 6 and homeodomain transcription factor 6.1, whereas ...

Glucose Intolerance and Impaired Insulin Secretion in Pancreas-Specific Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription-3 Knockout Mice Are Associated with Microvascular Alterations in the Pancreas.

Endocrinology — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Kostromina E, Gustavsson N, Wang X, Lim CY, Radda GK, Li C, Han W Maintenance of glucose homeostasis depends on adequate amount and precise pattern of insulin secretion, which is determined by both beta-cell secretory processes and well-developed microvascular network within endocrine pancreas. The development of highly organized microvasculature and high degrees of capillary fenestrations in endocrine pancreas is greatly dependent on vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) from islet cells. However, it is unclear how VEGF-A production is regulated in endocrine pancreas. To understand whether signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-3 is involved in VEGF-A regulation and subsequent islet and microvascular network development, we generated a mouse line carr...

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A Current Review of the Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Pediatric Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Although PHEO/PGL are rarely diagnosed during childhood, the pediatric provider should be able to recognize and screen for such tumors, particularly in the context of a known genetic predisposition. Optimal care of these children includes a multidisciplinary team approach at centers experienced in the evaluation and treatment of these uncommon yet fascinating endocrine neoplasms. PMID: 20215394 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism)

A Significant Decline in IGF-I May Predispose Young Africans to Subsequent Cardiometabolic Vulnerability.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Africans presented lower IGF-I levels than Caucasians due to an accelerated decline in serum IGF-I concentration prior to 40 yr of age. Strong associations of low serum IGF-I with blood pressure and arterial stiffness in young Africans suggest that the loss of cardiometabolic protection by IGF-I could predispose them to earlier disease onset. PMID: 20215395 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism)

Genetics of Hypospadias: Are Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in SRD5A2, ESR1, ESR2, and ATF3 Really Associated with the Malformation?

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The lack of consistency between our and previously performed studies might represent spurious results or chance findings in our or the earlier studies, differences in criteria used to select the study populations, or a real difference between populations, i.e. different genes contributing to disease risk. These results once again confirm the importance of replication in genetic association approaches. PMID: 20215396 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism)

Implication of Genetic Variants Near NEGR1, SEC16B, TMEM18, ETV5/DGKG, GNPDA2, LIN7C/BDNF, MTCH2, BCDIN3D/FAIM2, SH2B1, FTO, MC4R, and KCTD15 with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes in 7705 Chinese.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Our findings support the important contribution of GNPDA2, BCDIN3D/FAIM2, SH2B1, FTO, and KCTD15 in the regulation of adiposity, which in turn affects T2D risk in Chinese. PMID: 20215397 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism)

Acromegaly Is Associated with an Increased Prevalence of Colonic Diverticula: A Case-Control Study.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Acromegaly is associated with an increased prevalence of colonic diverticula. In addition to the known irreversible effect of GH excess on collagen of joints and cardiac valves, this observation indicates an irreversible effect of GH and/or IGF-I on the collagen in the colon. PMID: 20215398 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism)

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Amount of Bone Loss in Relation to Time around the Final Menstrual Period and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Staging of the Transmenopause.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Spine and FN bone loss accelerates in FSH stage 3. Bone loss also began to accelerate 2 yr before the FMP with the greatest loss occurring in the 2 yr after the FMP. Bone loss rates in both spine and FN BMD were greater in nonobese women than obese women. PMID: 20215399 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism)

Diabetics with a more interactive relationship style have reduced mortality

MedWire News - Diabetes — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Patients with diabetes who have a “more interactive” relationship style and who are more inclined to seek social support when needed have lower 5-year mortality than those who do not, show study results. (Source: MedWire News - Diabetes)

Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion Versus Multiple Daily Injections in Pregnant Women with Type 1 Diabetes

Diabetes Technology — Mon, 08 Mar 2010 15:44:24 +0100

Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics Apr 2010, Vol. 12, No. 4: 263-269. (Source: Diabetes Technology)

STAR 3 Randomized Controlled Trial to Compare Sensor-Augmented Insulin Pump Therapy with Multiple Daily Injections in the Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes: Research Design, Methods, and Baseline Characteristics of Enrolled Subjects

Diabetes Technology — Mon, 08 Mar 2010 15:44:17 +0100

Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics Apr 2010, Vol. 12, No. 4: 249-255. (Source: Diabetes Technology)