MedWorm: Epidemiology

One-Pot Synthesis of Pyrrolidine-2-ones from Erythruronolactone and Amine

Journal of Cancer Epidemiology — Thu, 09 Feb 2012 16:00:39 +0100

Concise and accessible approaches to pyrrolidine-2-ones were studied. The synthesis involves the conversion of erythruronolactone to pyrrolidine-2-ones in good yields. (Source: Journal of Cancer Epidemiology)

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Psychosocial stress and asthma morbidity. - Yonas MA, Lange NE, Celedon JC.

SafetyLit: All (Unduplicated) — Thu, 09 Feb 2012 12:09:27 +0100

The objective of this review is to provide an overview and discussion of recent epidemiologic and mechanistic studies of stress in relation to asthma incidence and morbidity. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent findings suggest that stress, whether ... (Source: SafetyLit: All (Unduplicated))

High chronic nephropathy detection yield in CKD subjects identified by the combination of albuminuria and estimated GFR

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation — Thu, 09 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion. In Caucasians >40 years old with a confirmed CKD condition, (i) an impressive 68% of subjects have an underlying chronic nephropathy, so eGFR and albuminuria are very efficient in detecting renal diseases; (ii) in 32%, the only disclosed renal abnormalities were a glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73m2 or microalbuminuria; follow-up studies are needed to clarify whether these abnormalities do really identify a chronic nephropathy or just a cardiovascular risk condition. (Source: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation)

Epidemiology of date rape among female undergraduates of the University of Ibadan, Nigeria

Contraception — Thu, 09 Feb 2012 03:36:55 +0100

The study was designed to determine the prevalence of date rape (DR), context in which DR occurs and help-seeking behavior among female undergraduates (FUs) of the University of Ibadan. (Source: Contraception)

Comparison of risk factors for cervical spine, head, serious, and fatal injury in rollover crashes.

Accident; Analysis and Prevention. — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 21:35:27 +0100

This study demonstrates both common and unique risk factors for different types of injuries in rollover crashes. PMID: 22269486 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Accident; Analysis and Prevention.)

Mapping commuter cycling risk in urban areas.

Accident; Analysis and Prevention. — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 21:33:30 +0100

Authors: Yiannakoulias N, Bennet SA, Scott DM Abstract Cycling is becoming an increasingly important transportation option for commuters. Cycling offers exercise opportunities and reduces the burden of motor vehicle travel on society. Mapping the risk of collision between cyclists and motor vehicles in urban areas is important to understanding safe cyclist route opportunities, making informed transportation planning decisions, and exploring patterns of injury epidemiology. To date, many geographic analyses and representations of cyclist risk have not taken the concept of exposure into account. Instead, risk is either expressed as a rate per capita, or as a count of events. Using data associated with the City of Hamilton, Canada, we illustrate a method for mapping commuter cyclist c...

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Guide targets public health ignorance

BMA daily feed — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 10:27:00 +0100

BMA resource intended to show there's more to the specialty than flu epidemics (Source: BMA daily feed)

Difficult to see how C. diff spreads in hospital

NHS News Feed — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 10:27:00 +0100

Conclusion This research is important because it suggests that the previous assumption that all C.difficile is spread on wards through contact with infected patients may not be entirely correct. As the authors point out, this means that transmission may not be adequately controlled by current strategies, which focus on preventing person-to-person spread. Further study is required to look at how the infection is transmitted. It’s worth noting that the research concentrated on established cases of Clostridium difficile and the potential transmission between infected patients. As such, it did not look at how far C. difficile may have been stopped from spreading in the wards by current hospital prevention strategies. Infection control measures in the NHS and private hospitals remain valid be...

In HIV Prevention More Focus Needed On Men

Health News from Medical News Today — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 09:00:00 +0100

Edward Mills of the University of Ottawa, Canada and colleagues argue in this week's PLoS Medicine that the HIV/AIDS response in Africa needs a more balanced approach to gender, so that both men and women are involved in HIV treatment and prevention. Traditionally, targeted efforts at reducing the impact of the HIV epidemic have focused on women and children while men have received considerably less attention... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Efficacy of Vitamin D Supplementation in Multiple Sclerosis (EVIDIMS Trial): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Trials — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

DiscussionIn light of the discrepancy between existing epidemiological and preclinical data on the one hand and available clinical data on the other the EVIDIMS trial will substantially contribute to the evaluation of the efficacy of high-dose vitamin D supplementation in MS patients. The study design presented here fulfills the criteria of a high-quality clinical phase II trial in MS.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01440062 (Source: Trials)

Does place of residence affect risk of suicide? A spatial epidemiologic investigation in Kentucky from 1999 to 2008

BioMed Central — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Statistically significant high-risk spatial clusters of suicide were detected at the county level. This study may be useful for guiding future research and intervention efforts. Future studies will need to focus on these high-risk clusters to investigate reasons for these occurrences. (Source: BioMed Central)

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Group B streptococcal carriage, serotype distribution and antibiotic susceptibilities in pregnant women at the time of delivery in a refugee population on the Thai - Myanmar border

BMC Infectious Diseases — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: GBS carriage is not uncommon in pregnant women living on the Thai-Myanmar border with a large range of serotypes represented. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases)

Human Plasmodium knowlesi infection in Ranong province, southwestern border of Thailand

Malaria Journal — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Plasmodium knowlesi infection in humans along the southwestern border of Thailand, including interesting discussion on the possible changes in epidemiology. (Source: Malaria Journal)

Burkitt lymphoma in UGANDA, the legacy of Denis Burkitt and an update on the disease status

British Journal of Haematology — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

SummaryBurkitt lymphoma (BL) was first described in Uganda in 1958 as a sarcoma of the jaw but later confirmed to be a distinct form of Non Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). This discovery was the defining moment of cancer research in Uganda, which eventually led to the establishment of a dedicated cancer research institute, the Uganda Cancer Institute (UCI) in 1967. The centre was dedicated to Denis Burkitt in recognition of his contribution to cancer research in East Africa. BL is still the commonest NHL in childhood in Uganda. Its incidence has significantly increased recently due to yet unknown factors. Although the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was considered a possible reason for the increase, there is no evidence that it has substantially impacted on the epidemiology of the disease. Howe...

Renal diseases associated with hematuria in children and adolescents: a brief tutorial.

Ultrastructural Pathology — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 03:06:09 +0100

Authors: Hicks J, Mierau G, Wartchow E, Eldin K Abstract The detection of microscopic hematuria in a child's urine prompts evaluation for renal and urinary bladder causes. Microscopic hematuria identified during a routine physical examination by the pediatrician is much more common than macroscopic hematuria. Persistent microscopic hematuria is particularly worrisome and may require a percutaneous needle core kidney biopsy to determine whether the etiology is secondary to glomerular disease, tubulointerstitial disease, urinary tract infection, urinary tract structural abnormalities, medications, or toxins. This paper reviews the epidemiology, pathologic features, pathogenesis, treatment, and outcome of familial hematuria (Alport syndrome [hereditary nephritis]), thin basement membr...

Obesity Epidemic Linked To Brain Mechanisms

Health News from Medical News Today — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 21:00:00 +0100

America's rising rates of obesity in virtually all age groups is partly due to biological factors, researchers from the Cincinnati Diabetes and Obesity Center reported in the journal Cell Metabolism. Approximately one third of all American adults are obese today, and the percentage continues to rise, says the CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). Co-author, Randy Seeley, PhD, said: "While we don't usually think of it this way, body weight is regulated... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

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Support for Seasonal Influenza Vaccination Requirements among US Healthcare Personnel

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 20:26:08 +0100

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, Volume 33, Issue 3, Page 213-221, March 2012. (Source: Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue)

Implementing Automated Surveillance for Tracking Clostridium difficile Infection at Multiple Healthcare Facilities

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 20:18:15 +0100

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, Volume 33, Issue 3, Page 305-308, March 2012. (Source: Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue)

The Impact of Depth of Infection and Postdischarge Surveillance on Rate of Surgical-Site Infections in a Network of Community Hospitals

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 20:18:14 +0100

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, Volume 33, Issue 3, Page 276-282, March 2012. (Source: Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue)

The Cross-Transmission of 2009 Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) Infections among Healthcare Workers and Inpatients in a Chinese Tertiary Hospital

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 20:18:13 +0100

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, Volume 33, Issue 3, Page 295-298, March 2012. (Source: Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue)

Commentary: Electronic-Eye Faucets—Curse or Blessing?

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 20:18:12 +0100

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, Volume 33, Issue 3, Page 241-242, March 2012. (Source: Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue)

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Commentary: Lessons Learned From Outbreaks and Pseudo-Outbreaks Associated with Bronchoscopy

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 20:18:11 +0100

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, Volume 33, Issue 3, Page 230-234, March 2012. (Source: Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue)

Caveat Emptor: The Role of Suboptimal Bronchoscope Repair Practices by a Third-Party Vendor in a Pseudo-Outbreak of Pseudomonas in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Specimens

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 20:18:06 +0100

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, Volume 33, Issue 3, Page 224-229, March 2012. (Source: Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue)

Commentary: Mandatory Influenza Vaccine

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 20:18:05 +0100

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, Volume 33, Issue 3, Page 222-223, March 2012. (Source: Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue)

The Efficacy of Daily Bathing with Chlorhexidine for Reducing Healthcare-Associated Bloodstream Infections: A Meta-analysis

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 20:18:04 +0100

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, Volume 33, Issue 3, Page 257-267, March 2012. (Source: Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue)

Economic Impact of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in a Large Matched Cohort

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 20:18:02 +0100

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, Volume 33, Issue 3, Page 250-256, March 2012. (Source: Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue)

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Prevalence of Healthcare-Associated Infections in Acute Care Hospitals in Jacksonville, Florida

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 20:18:00 +0100

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, Volume 33, Issue 3, Page 283-291, March 2012. (Source: Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue)

Electronic-Eye Faucets: Legionella Species Contamination in Healthcare Settings

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 20:17:56 +0100

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, Volume 33, Issue 3, Page 235-240, March 2012. (Source: Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue)

Nosocomial Influenza in a Pediatric Hospital: Comparison of Rates of Seasonal and Pandemic 2009 Influenza A/H1N1 Infection

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 20:17:55 +0100

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, Volume 33, Issue 3, Page 292-294, March 2012. (Source: Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue)

A Crossover Trial of Antimicrobial Scrubs to Reduce Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Burden on Healthcare Worker Apparel

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 20:17:50 +0100

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, Volume 33, Issue 3, Page 268-275, March 2012. (Source: Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue)

Universal Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Screening: Comparison of Anatomic Screening Sites for Patients with High and Low Prevalence of MRSA Carriage

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 20:17:48 +0100

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, Volume 33, Issue 3, Page 315-317, March 2012. (Source: Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue)

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Reply to Roberts

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 20:17:42 +0100

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, Volume 33, Issue 3, Page 312-313, March 2012. (Source: Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue)

Hydrogen Peroxide Vapor and Aerosol Room Decontamination Systems

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 20:17:42 +0100

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, Volume 33, Issue 3, Page 312, March 2012. (Source: Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue)

Surveillance of Device-Associated Infections in Intensive Care Units in South Brazil

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 20:17:35 +0100

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, Volume 33, Issue 3, Page 309-311, March 2012. (Source: Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue)

Analysis of Hip and Knee Arthroplasty Surgical Site Infection Data in Western Australia: Null Effect of Stratification by Procedure Type

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 20:17:31 +0100

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, Volume 33, Issue 3, Page 313-315, March 2012. (Source: Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue)

National Black HIV/AIDS Awareness Day

Health News from Medical News Today — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 18:00:00 +0100

President, Founder and CEO of Black AIDS Institute, Phill Wilson, released a letter in light of the 12th annual National Black HIV/AIDS Awareness Day, stating that the Institute will be releasing their 8th annual State of AIDS in Black America Report. He comments that "It will highlight a reality that would have been unthinkable not long ago. Wilson continues: "We are at a deciding moment in the trajectory of the AIDS epidemic; we now possesses the tools we need to the the AIDS epidemic... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

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Healing those deeply affected

MSF News — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 17:12:00 +0100

Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) has been providing mental healthcare in two refugee camps in Lebanon for the past three years, both to Palestinian refugees and to vulnerable Lebanese in the area. Now MSF has opened a new project in northern Lebanon, following the arrival of 4,500 Syrians who have fled the unrest in their country. Bruno Jochum, General Director of MSF, is just back from the region. Why did you visit Lebanon? In 1976, Médecins Sans Frontières carried out its first wartime mission in Lebanon and became a professional medical emergency organization. This year, having recently celebrated our 40th anniversary, we feel it is essential to share our principles of financial and medical independence, impartiality and neutrality. We believe it is important to talk publicly ab...

Identifying effective behavioural models and behaviour change strategies underpinning preschool‐ and school‐based obesity prevention interventions aimed at 4–6‐year‐olds: a systematic review

Obesity Reviews — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 10:44:24 +0100

SummaryThe aim of this comprehensive systematic review was to identify the most effective behavioural models and behaviour change strategies, underpinning preschool‐ and school‐based interventions aimed at preventing obesity in 4–6‐year‐olds. Searching was conducted from April 1995 to April 2010 using MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO and The Cochrane Library. Epidemiological studies relevant to the research question with controlled assignment of participants were included in the review, if they had follow‐up periods of 6 months or longer. Outcomes included markers of weight gain; markers of body composition; physical activity behaviour changes and dietary behaviour changes. Twelve studies were included in the review. The most commonly used model was social cognitive theory (SC...

A systematic approach for the development of a kindergarten‐based intervention for the prevention of obesity in preschool age children: the ToyBox‐study

Obesity Reviews — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 10:44:10 +0100

SummaryThe increasing childhood obesity epidemic calls for appropriate measures and effective policies to be applied early in life. Large‐scale socioecological frameworks providing a holistic multifactorial and cost‐effective approach necessary to support obesity prevention initiatives in this age are however currently missing. To address this missing link, ToyBox‐study aims to build and evaluate a cost‐effective kindergarten‐based, family‐involved intervention scheme to prevent obesity in early childhood, which could potentially be expanded on a pan‐European scale. A multidisciplinary team of researchers from 10 countries have joined forces and will work to realize this according to a systematic stepwise approach that combines the use of the PRECEDE‐PROCEED model and inter...

Latino Summit Draws National/State Health Leaders and Welcomes Public

Health — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 07:00:00 +0100

Local and national experts in Latino health will host a free public summit Friday and Saturday at the Arizona Health Sciences Center. The summit focuses on the effects of excess weight on health in the Latino community and strategies to address the causes of this epidemic. (Source: Health)

Characterisation of Clostridium difficile Hospital Ward–Based Transmission Using Extensive Epidemiological Data and Molecular Typing

PLoS Medicine — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions In an endemic setting with well-implemented infection control measures, ward-based contact with symptomatic enzyme-immunoassay-positive patients cannot account for most new CDI cases. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary (Source: PLoS Medicine)

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Depression and Severe Heart Failure:

Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: We found a high prevalence of depressive symptoms in patients receiving CRT systems. Patients with depression should not be excluded from CRT, because they demonstrate a similar rate of response than the persons without depression and the responders are less likely to be depressed at 6 months. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. pp. 1‐6) (Source: Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology)

Laparoscopic versus Open Colectomy for Colon Cancer in an Older Population: A Cohort Study

World Journal of Surgical Oncology — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: In this older population, laparoscopic colectomy practice patterns were associated with factors which likely correlate with tertiary referral centers. Although short-term and long-term survival are comparable, laparoscopic colectomy offers shorter hospitalizations and less intensive care. (Source: World Journal of Surgical Oncology)

Comparative Effectiveness of Oxaliplatin vs Non-Oxaliplatin-containing Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Stage III Colon Cancer

JNCI — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion The addition of oxaliplatin to 5-FU appears to be associated with better survival among patients receiving adjuvant colon cancer treatment in the community. (Source: JNCI)

Early Milk Intake and Risk of Advanced Prostate CancerEarly Milk Intake and Risk of Advanced Prostate Cancer

Medscape Today Headlines — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 04:00:00 +0100

This study looks at milk intake in adolescence and risk of prostate cancer in a cohort of Icelandic men. American Journal of Epidemiology (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

Children Who Move House A Lot Have Higher Risk Of Illnesses Later

Health News from Medical News Today — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 00:00:00 +0100

A study published in the Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health suggests that, moving house frequently during childhood appears to raise the risk of poor health in later life. The health of 850 individuals participating in the West of Scotland Twenty-07 study, which was based on postcodes, tracked the long term health of individuals aged 15, 35 and 55 in 1987-1988 over a period of two decades, was evaluated by the researchers... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

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Not Completing Teen Education Raises Risk Of Being On Benefits Later On

Health News from Medical News Today — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 00:00:00 +0100

A study published online in the Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health reveals that adolescents are nearly three times more likely to be on benefits in the future if they drop out of school than those who complete their education. The researchers examined the self-rated health of nearly 9,000 Norwegian adolescents between the ages of 13 to 19, who were already participating in the Young-HUNT study between 1995 and 1997... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Are Rich People Heavy Drinkers?

Psychology Today Addiction Center — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 19:40:31 +0100

Much has been made of a 2010 Gallup survey finding that the proportion of people saying they drink alcohol increases steadily with income. Alcohol consumption went from 46 percent for people earning less than $20,000 to 81 percent for people earning over $75,000. Hence the oft-repeated claim that affluent people drink more.read more (Source: Psychology Today Addiction Center)

Electronic Medical Record Availability and Primary Care Depression Treatment

Journal of General Internal Medicine — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 19:36:48 +0100

Conclusions EMRs appear to have an unintended negative association with depression care provided during visits made by primary care patients with multiple chronic conditions. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ResearchPages 1-6DOI 10.1007/s11606-012-2001-0Authors Jeffrey S. Harman, Department of Health Services Research, Management and Policy, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USAKathryn M. Rost, Department of Mental Health Law and Policy, Florida Mental Health Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USAChristopher A. Harle, Department of Health Services Research, Management and Policy, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USARobert L. Cook...

Unraveling the mystery of the hygiene hypothesis through Helicobacter pylori infection

Journal of Clinical Investigation — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 18:32:05 +0100

Epidemiological studies have revealed an inverse association between Helicobacter pylori infection and the incidence of allergic asthma. This association is consistent with the hygiene hypothesis, which posits that exposure to microbes early in life prevents the later development of allergic diseases, and has been reproduced in mouse models of asthma. In this issue of the JCI, Oertli and colleagues report that H. pylori infection in neonates elicits tolerogenic DCs that produce IL-18, which drive the generation of Tregs that subsequently protect the mice from allergic asthma. This finding strengthens the intriguing link between pathogen exposure and allergic disease. (Source: Journal of Clinical Investigation)

Epidemiological Profiles of Foreign-Born and US-Born Hispanic Blood Donors in a Major Metropolitan Area in the United States

International Journal of Photoenergy — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 17:39:39 +0100

Conclusions. The heterogeneity found among Hispanic donors in this study is valuable for the design of recruitment strategies to increase blood donations. (Source: International Journal of Photoenergy)

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Highlights of the 27th International Papillomavirus Conference and Clinical Workshop: part 3: epidemiology and public health

Future Virology — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 16:51:16 +0100

Future Virology , February 2012, Vol. 7, No. 2, Pages 127-133. (Source: Future Virology)

Development and Validation of a Stability-Indicating HPTLC Method for Analysis of Rasagiline Mesylate in the Bulk Drug and Tablet Dosage Form

Journal of Cancer Epidemiology — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 15:52:53 +0100

A simple and sensitive thin-layer chromatographic method has been established for analysis of rasagiline mesylate in pharmaceutical dosage form. Chromatography on silica gel 60 F254 plates with 6 : 1 : 2(v/v/v) butanol-methanol water as mobile phase furnished compact spots at Rf 0.76±0.01. Densitometric analysis was performed at 254 nm. To show the specificity of the method, rasagiline mesylate was subjected to acid, base, neutral hydrolysis, oxidation, photolysis, and thermal decomposition, and the peaks of degradation products were well resolved from that of the pure drug. Linear regression analysis revealed a good linear relationship between peak area and amount of rasagiline mesylate in the range of 100–350 n...

Application of Multiprotocol Medical Imaging Communications and an Extended DICOM WADO Service in a Teleradiology Architecture

Journal of Cancer Epidemiology — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 15:52:53 +0100

Multiprotocol medical imaging communication through the Internet is more flexible than the tight DICOM transfers. This paper introduces a modular multiprotocol teleradiology architecture that integrates DICOM and common Internet services (based on web, FTP, and E-mail) into a unique operational domain. The extended WADO service (a web extension of DICOM) and the other proposed services allow access to all levels of the DICOM information hierarchy as opposed to solely Object level. A lightweight client site is considered adequate, because the server site of the architecture provides clients with service interfaces through the web as well as invulnerable space for temporary storage, called as User Domains, so that users fulfill their applications' tasks. The proposed teleradiology archit...

PKC-Mediated ZYG1 Phosphorylation Induces Fusion of Myoblasts as well as of Dictyostelium Cells

Journal of Cancer Epidemiology — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 15:52:53 +0100

We have previously demonstrated that a novel protein ZYG1 induces sexual cell fusion (zygote formation) of Dictyostelium cells. In the process of cell fusion, involvements of signal transduction pathways via Ca2+ and PKC (protein kinase C) have been suggested because zygote formation is greatly enhanced by PKC activators. In fact, there are several deduced sites phosphorylated by PKC in ZYG1 protein. Thereupon, we designed the present work to examine whether or not ZYG1 is actually phosphorylated by PKC and localized at the regions of cell-cell contacts where cell fusion occurs. These were ascertained, suggesting that ZYG1 might be the target protein for PKC. A humanized version of zyg1 cDNA (mzyg1) was introduced into myoblasts to know if ZYG1 is also effective in cell fusion of myoblasts...

Hardy Spaces Associated to Schrödinger Operators on Product Spaces

Journal of Cancer Epidemiology — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 15:52:53 +0100

Let L=−Δ+V be a Schrödinger operator on ℝn, where V∈Lloc1(ℝn) is a nonnegative function on ℝn. In this article, we show that the Hardy spaces L on product spaces can be characterized in terms of the Lusin area integral, atomic decomposition, and maximal functions. (Source: Journal of Cancer Epidemiology)

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Epitomize Your Photos

Journal of Cancer Epidemiology — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 15:52:53 +0100

With the rapid growth of digital photography, sharing of photos with friends and family has become very popular. When people share their photos, they usually organize them into albums according to events or places. To tell the story of some important events in one’s life, it is desirable to have an efficient summarization tool which can help people to receive a quick overview of an album containing large number of photos. In this paper, we present and analyze an approach for photo album summarization through a novel social game “Epitome” as a Facebook application. This social game can collect research data, and, at the same time, it provides a collage or a cover photo of the user’s photo album, while the user enjoys playing the game. The proof of concept of the ...

e-HAP Direct: Dear Colleague Letter

CDC HIV/AIDS Prevention — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 15:00:00 +0100

After multiple discussions and considerations, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has elected to postpone the next HPLS until 2013. HPLS is an important meeting for HIV prevention in the United States. We appreciate your leadership and support for HPLS and your ongoing commitment to ending the HIV epidemic. (Source: CDC HIV/AIDS Prevention)

Radiation port dermatophytosis: Tinea corporis occurring at the site of irradiated skin.

Dermatol Online J — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 12:54:18 +0100

Authors: Casamiquela KM, Cohen PR Abstract Radiation port dermatophytosis is the occurrence of tinea corporis within the area of radiation therapy delivery. A 68-year-old man, while receiving proton beam radiation for adenocarcinoma of the prostate, developed a dermatophyte infection in the area of the radiotherapy port. Including this patient, 4 patients with radiation port dermatophytosis have been reported in the world literature. The epidemiology, clinical manifestations, histopathology, diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment of this condition are discussed. The diagnosis of radiation port dermatophytosis may be missed because it is misinterpreted as radiation-induced dermatitis. Thus, it is possible that radiation port dermatophytosis may be more prevalent in patients receivin...

Epidemiology of traumatic spinal cord injury: trends and future implications. - DeVivo MJ.

SafetyLit: All (Unduplicated) — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 11:54:53 +0100

Study design:Review supplemented by inception cohort.Objectives:To review trends in the incidence, prevalence, demographic characteristics, etiology, injury severity and selected treatment outcomes of traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI).Setting:Internationa... (Source: SafetyLit: All (Unduplicated))

Epidemiologic data of the patients with spinal cord injury: Seven years experience of a single center. - Tuğcu I, Tok F, Yılmaz B, Göktepe AS, Alaca R, Yazicioğlu K, Möhür H.

SafetyLit: All (Unduplicated) — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 11:54:53 +0100

BACKGROUND: We aimed to present the demographic and epidemiologic data on spinal cord injury (SCI) patients who were rehabilitated at our hospital, to identify high-risk groups and etiological factors, and to evaluate the factors that affect the duration o... (Source: SafetyLit: All (Unduplicated))

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Epidemiology of severe burn injuries in a Tertiary Burn Centre in Tehran, Iran. - Mohammadi-Barzelighi H, Alaghehbandan R, Motevallian A, Alinejad F, Soleimanzadeh-Moghadam S, Sattari M, Lari AR.

SafetyLit: All (Unduplicated) — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 11:54:53 +0100

The aim of the study was to examine the epidemiological characteristics of hospitalized burn patients in a tertiary burn centre in Tehran, Iran. A hospital-based cross-sectional study of all hospitalized patients with burn injuries was conducted in Motahar... (Source: SafetyLit: All (Unduplicated))

An Epidemiologic Survey on Burns in Yazd from 2008 till 2009. - Mirmohammadi SJ, Mehrparvar AH, Jalilmanesh M, Kazemeini K, Delbari N, Mostaghaci M.

SafetyLit: All (Unduplicated) — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 11:54:53 +0100

Burns are injuries which may require long hospitalization and may result in important impairment and disability. Burn injuries are still common especially in developing countries. Assessment of the epidemiology of burns is very important for introduction o... (Source: SafetyLit: All (Unduplicated))

Differentiating between Bipolar Disorder Types I and II: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC). - Bega S, Schaffer A, Goldstein B, Levitt A.

SafetyLit: All (Unduplicated) — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 11:54:53 +0100

OBJECTIVE: Bipolar Disorder I (BD I) and Bipolar Disorder II (BD II) vary considerably, with differences in symptomatology, management and prognosis. For patients with depression, the distinction between BD I and BD II is not always apparent, and hinges on... (Source: SafetyLit: All (Unduplicated))

Substance abuse and suicide risk among adolescents. - Pompili M, Serafini G, Innamorati M, Biondi M, Siracusano A, Di Giannantonio M, Giupponi G, Amore M, Lester D, Girardi P, Möller-Leimkühler AM.

SafetyLit: All (Unduplicated) — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 11:54:53 +0100

The aim of this paper was to review the literature concerning the relationship between suicide and substance abuse behaviours among adolescents, focusing on epidemiology, comorbidity and preventive programmes. We performed a Pubmed/Medline, Scopus, PsycLit... (Source: SafetyLit: All (Unduplicated))

Epidemiology of Concussions Among United States High School Athletes in 20 Sports. - Marar M, McIlvain NM, Fields SK, Comstock RD.

SafetyLit: All (Unduplicated) — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 11:54:53 +0100

BACKGROUND: In the United States (US), an estimated 300,000 sports-related concussions occur annually. Among individuals 15 to 24 years of age, sports are second only to motor vehicle crashes as the leading cause of concussions. PURPOSE: To investigate the... (Source: SafetyLit: All (Unduplicated))

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An invisible epidemic: Preventing unintentional injuries among children and youth - A priority for national Public Health Associations. - No Author(s) Listed.

SafetyLit: All (Unduplicated) — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 11:54:53 +0100

[Abstract unavailable] Language: Eng... (Source: SafetyLit: All (Unduplicated))

A longitudinal epidemiological comparison of suicide and other causes of death in Italian children and adolescents. - Pompili M, Vichi M, De Leo D, Pfeffer C, Girardi P.

SafetyLit: All (Unduplicated) — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 11:54:53 +0100

The objective of the study is to evaluate temporal trends, gender effects and methods of completed suicide amongst children and adolescent (aged 10-17) when compared with temporal trends of deaths from other causes. Data were extracted from the Italian Mor... (Source: SafetyLit: All (Unduplicated))

Africa: Risk of Epidemic in Mozambique After the Recent Floods

AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 07:52:50 +0100

[Oxfam] Tropical storm Dando and cyclone Funso affected more than 117,000 people and left 40 dead in Mozambique last week (Source: AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine)

Can sugar really be toxic? Sadly, yes

Telegraph Health — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 07:30:50 +0100

Eating excessive amounts of processed sugar is leading to an epidemic in type 2 diabetes, finds Max Pemberton. (Source: Telegraph Health)

Genetic Epidemiology with a Capital E: Where Will We Be in Another 10 Years?

Genetic Epidemiology — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

In a commentary on the evolution of the field of genetic epidemiology over the past 10 years, Khoury et al. (2011) highlight several important developments, including the emergence of evaluation of genetic discoveries for their translational utility and of standards for reporting genetic findings. In this companion to their article, I reflect on some of these trends and speculate about the direction of the field in the future. In particular, I emphasize the opportunities posed by novel technologies like next‐generation sequencing and the biological insights emerging from integrative genomics, but I also question the utility of large consortia. The basic principles of population‐based research and the importance of taking account of the environment remain important to the field. (Source...

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Genetic Variants Associated With Predisposition to Prostate Cancer and Potential Clinical Implications

Journal of Internal Medicine — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractProstate cancer is the commonest cancer in the developed world. There is an inherited component to this disease as shown in familial and twin studies. However, the discovery of these variants has been difficult. The emergence of genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) has led to the identification of over 46 susceptibility loci. Their clinical utility to predict risk, response to treatment, or treatment toxicity, remains undefined. Large consortia are needed to achieve adequate statistical power to answer these genetic‐clinical and genetic‐epidemiological questions. International collaborations are currently underway to link genetic with clinical/epidemiological data to develop risk prediction models, which could direct screening and treatment programs. (Source: Journal of Int...

Asia-Pacific nations seek faster response against HIV at UN gathering

UN News Centre - Health, Poverty, Food Security — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Although the Asia-Pacific region has witnessed widespread gains in combating the spread of HIV, experts at a United Nations meeting were told today that the epidemic is still outpacing the region's efforts against new infections. (Source: UN News Centre - Health, Poverty, Food Security)

Pre-disease pregnancy complications and systemic sclerosis: pathogenic or pre-clinical?

Arthritis Research and Therapy — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

The fetal microchimerism theory for the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc) has compelling biologic support, including the female predominance of the disease, the mean age of onset after childbearing years, similarities between diffuse cutaneous SSc and graft-versus-host disease, as well as the detection of microchimeric cells in peripheral blood and skin of SSc patients. The previous issue of Arthritis Research and Therapy presents findings of a positive association between pregnancy complications and future diagnosis of SSc in parous women. Before interpreting the results of this epidemiologic study as support for fetal microchimerism, however, other theories for the observed associations must be considered. (Source: Arthritis Research and Therapy)

Angiogenic biomarkers predict the occurrence of digital ulcers in systemic sclerosis

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion This study identified high PlGF serum levels and low circulating EPC counts as predictors of new digital ulcers in SSc. It highlights the critical role of angiogenesis in this vascular outcome. These markers may improve digital ulcer risk stratification and therefore allow earlier therapeutic intervention. (Source: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases)

IgG4 immune response in Churg-Strauss syndrome

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Serum IgG4 levels are markedly elevated in active CSS and correlate with the number of organ manifestations and disease activity. (Source: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases)

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Level of agreement of the 1987 ACR and 2010 ACR/EULAR rheumatoid arthritis classification criteria: an analysis based on ESPOIR cohort data

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria identified more patients with RA than did 1987 criteria. The 2010 criteria failed to identify RA patients with symmetrical seronegative arthritis and limited joint involvement. (Source: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases)

Change in the discontinuation pattern of tumour necrosis factor antagonists in rheumatoid arthritis over 10 years: data from the Spanish registry BIOBADASER 2.0

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions In RA, the discontinuation rate of TNF antagonists in the first year of treatment is higher more recently than a decade ago, inefficacy being the main reason for the increased rate. The rate of discontinuation for adverse events has remained stable. (Source: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases)

Early menopause is an independent predictor of rheumatoid arthritis

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion RA was predicted by an early age at menopause. This implicates an influence of hormonal changes during the fertile period on the development of RA in postmenopausal women. (Source: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases)

Effectiveness of disease-modifying antirheumatic drug co-therapy with methotrexate and leflunomide in rituximab-treated rheumatoid arthritis patients: results of a 1-year follow-up study from the CERERRA collaboration

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Leflunomide is an effective and safe alternative to methotrexate as concomitant treatment with rituximab. Slightly better results were obtained by the combination of rituximab and leflunomide than rituximab and methotrexate, raising the possibility of a synergistic effect of leflunomide and rituximab. (Source: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases)

MRI inflammation at the vertebral unit only marginally predicts new syndesmophyte formation: a multilevel analysis in patients with ankylosing spondylitis

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion MRI inflammation in a vertebral unit slightly increases the propensity to form a new syndesmophyte in the same vertebral unit, but does not predict the growth of already existing syndesmophytes. Despite this association, the large majority of new syndesmophytes developed in vertebral units without inflammation. The subtle association at the vertebral unit level did not translate into an association at the patient level. (Source: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases)

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Immediate access rheumatology clinic: efficiency and outcomes

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions The IAC resulted in considerable waiting time reduction for rheumatology assessment. A substantial minority was seen before 3 months' symptom duration. ‘Positive predictive correctness’ of the assessing rheumatologists regarding the presence of inflammatory rheumatic conditions was over 75%. Patients with RA cared for in the clinic had substantially lower pain levels after 6–12 months' follow-up than patients treated elsewhere. (Source: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases)

Application of composite disease activity scores in psoriatic arthritis to the PRESTA data set

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion In psoriatic arthritis with severe skin involvement, the mCPDAI was able to distinguish treatment response between the two etanercept doses. DAPSA, while demonstrating improvement in both groups over time, was unable to distinguish response between the different doses of etanercept. Further studies are needed to confirm the sensitivity of both indexes. (Source: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases)

Sustained inhibition of progressive joint damage with rituximab plus methotrexate in early active rheumatoid arthritis: 2-year results from the randomised controlled trial IMAGE

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Treatment with rituximab 2x1000 mg+MTX was associated with sustained improvements in radiographic, clinical and functional outcomes over 2 years. Clinical trials.gov identifier NCT00299104. (Source: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases)

Comparison of features by MRI and radiographs of the interphalangeal finger joints in patients with hand osteoarthritis

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion MRI detected more osteophytes and erosions than CR, suggesting that erosive osteoarthritis may be more common than indicated by CR. Synovitis was most common in mild osteoarthritis. Whether this is due to burn-out of inflammation in late disease must be investigated further. (Source: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases)

Subclinical renal dysfunction is independently associated with cardiovascular events in rheumatoid arthritis: the CARRE Study

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion These data confirm that, in RA, renal dysfunction is associated with a higher risk of CV disease independently of traditional CV risk factors. (Source: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases)

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Development of heart block in children of SSA/SSB-autoantibody-positive women is associated with maternal age and displays a season-of-birth pattern

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion This study identifies maternal age and seasonal timing of pregnancy as novel risk factors for heart block development in children of Ro/La-positive women. These observations may be useful for counselling when pregnancy is considered. (Source: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases)

Rituximab for refractory granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's granulomatosis): comparison of efficacy in granulomatous versus vasculitic manifestations

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion The overall response rate of refractory GPA to RTX was high (61.3% complete remission or improvement). Response rates of vasculitic manifestations were excellent; failure of response/progress was mostly due to granulomatous manifestations, especially orbital masses. Relapse rates were high (40%) despite maintenance treatment. (Source: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases)

A systematic literature review of drug therapies for the treatment of psoriatic arthritis: current evidence and meta-analysis informing the EULAR recommendations for the management of psoriatic arthritis

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions This SLR reveals some evidence to support the use of NSAIDs and synthetic DMARDs and good evidence for the efficacy of anti-TNF therapy in PsA. (Source: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases)

Neuroimaging of Pediatric Intracranial Infection—Part 2: TORCH, Viral, Fungal, and Parasitic Infections

Journal of Neuroimaging — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

ABSTRACTIn the second half of this 2‐part review, the neuroimaging features of the most common viral, fungal, and parasitic infections of the pediatric central nervous system are discussed. Brief discussions of epidemiology and pathophysiology will be followed by a review of the imaging findings and potential differential considerations. J Neuroimaging 2012;XX:1–13. (Source: Journal of Neuroimaging)

Obesity: the Problem (Frank Domino MD)

Family Medicine Digital Resources Library (FMDRL) Recently Uploaded — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

A brief overview of the source of the US obesity epidemic as part of the UmassMed Healthy Living Curriculum (Source: Family Medicine Digital Resources Library (FMDRL) Recently Uploaded)

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Sustained Decreases in Risk Exposure and Youth Problem Behaviors After Installation of the Communities That Care Prevention System in a Randomized Trial [Article]

Archives of Pediatrics — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Using the CTC system can produce enduring reductions in community-wide levels of risk factors and problem behaviors among adolescents beyond the years of supported implementation, potentially contributing to long-term public health benefits. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01088542 (Source: Archives of Pediatrics)

Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis has had its day: there are no more unanswered questions - Commentary

Multiple Sclerosis — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: Multiple Sclerosis)

Epidemiology in multiple sclerosis has had its day: there are no more unanswered questions - Yes

Multiple Sclerosis — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: Multiple Sclerosis)

Epidemiology in multiple sclerosis has had its day: there are no more unanswered questions - No

Multiple Sclerosis — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: Multiple Sclerosis)

Penetrance of Parkinson disease in glucocerebrosidase gene mutation carriers

Neurology — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: The relatively high penetrance estimate in GBA carriers obtained in this study should lead to consideration of GBA as a dominant causal gene with reduced penetrance and should be taken into account for genetic counseling in relatives of patients with GD and patients with GBA-associated PD. (Source: Neurology)

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Glycated hemoglobin and associated risk factors in older adults

Cardiovascular Diabetology — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Older women had higher HbA1c than men, even after controlling for BMI. HbA1c associates equally with BW, BMI or WC. Population-based criteria are recommended to classify obesity and to identify higher levels of HbA1c in obese older adults. HbA1c associates with atherogenic dyslipidemia particularly with TG and TG/HDL-C ratio, but not with TC, HDL-C, or LDL-C. HbA1c is not associated with hs-CRP, and with functional fitness and aerobic endurance. (Source: Cardiovascular Diabetology)

Cardiac involvement in muscular dystrophy: advances in diagnosis and therapy

Heart — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

The term muscular dystrophy (MD) comprises various neuromuscular disorders that are characterised by progressive muscle weakness affecting certain muscle groups, which are specific for the respective genetic disorder. Muscular dystrophy type Duchenne (DMD) and type Becker (BMD) represent the most common X-linked genetic diseases: DMD is believed to affect one in 3500 male births whereas BMD is less frequent (one in 18 450 male births).w1 w2 However, due to the longer life expectancy of BMD patients, the prevalence of DMD and BMD is rather similar and at least 2.4/100 000.w1 Apart from progressive proximal skeletal muscle weakness and wasting, DMD and BMD are characterised by cardiac muscle involvement. Indeed, progressive cardiomyopathy has become a major cause of morbidity and mortality i...

Case fatality rates for South Asian and Caucasian patients show no difference 2.5 years after percutaneous coronary intervention

Heart — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion In this large PCI cohort, the in-hospital and longer-term mortality of South Asians appeared no worse than that of Caucasians. South Asians had higher rates of restenosis and CABG during follow-up. Data suggest that the excess coronary mortality for South Asians compared with Caucasians is not explained by differences in case-fatality rates. (Source: Heart)

Remote ischaemic preconditioning reduces myocardial injury in patients undergoing heart valve surgery: randomised controlled trial

Heart — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions These data indicate that RIPC reduces myocardial injury and improves cardiac function in patients undergoing heart valve surgery. Trial registration number NCT01175681. (Source: Heart)

A risk score for predicting mortality in patients with asymptomatic mild to moderate aortic stenosis

Heart — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion A new seven factor model for risk stratification of patients with mild to moderate asymptomatic AS identified a high risk group for total mortality with good discrimination properties. Trial registration number ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT 00092677. (Source: Heart)

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Cost-effectiveness of transcatheter aortic valve replacement in patients ineligible for conventional aortic valve replacement

Heart — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions TAVI is highly likely to be a cost-effective treatment for patients with severe aortic stenosis who are currently ineligible for SAVR. (Source: Heart)

From coronary care unit to acute cardiac care unit: the evolving role of specialist cardiac care

Heart — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

The development of primary angioplasty (PPCI) programmes for acute ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) following Roger Boyle's report ‘Mending hearts and brains’ in 20061 has led to a marked shift in the role of the coronary care unit (CCU) in the UK. Some units no longer admit STEMI patients, while in PPCI centres the concentrated influx of patients previously treated across a network of hospitals has placed CCU beds and staff under considerable pressure. However, there are other factors changing and increasing the workload of acute cardiology, and the development of PPCI cannot be considered in isolation. In particular, the changing demographics of the population has led to an increasing proportion of elderly patients presenting to hospital with non-ST elevation myocar...

Cardiovascular risk in androgen suppression: underappreciated, under-researched and unresolved

Heart — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Introduction Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and prostate cancer represent major public health problems. In 2009, over 180 000 people died from CVD in the UK (http://www.bhf.org.uk). Over the past 30 years, the incidence of prostate cancer has almost tripled, with much of this increase attributable to increased early detection due to widespread prostate specific antigen (PSA) testing. Although many of these cases are related to localised disease, around one-third of the 37 000 men diagnosed in the UK annually (http://info.cancerresearchuk.org) will have advanced prostate cancer. The mainstay of treatment for such men is androgen suppression therapy (AST). Immediate initiation of AST is well supported by proven clinical benefits for men with symptomatic skeletal metastases,1 establis...

Analysis of Nε‐Ethyllysine in Human Plasma Proteins by Gas Chromatography–Negative Ion Chemical Ionization/Mass Spectrometry as a Biomarker for Exposure to Acetaldehyde and Alcohol

Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

ConclusionsThe method could be applied to molecular epidemiological studies to investigate possible associations between the NEL levels in human tissue proteins and human diseases associated with exposure to AA and alcohol. (Source: Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research)

Influence of Patient Race and Ethnicity on Clinical Assessment in Patients With Affective Disorders [Original Article]

Archives of General Psychiatry — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions African American individuals exhibited significantly higher rates of clinical diagnoses of schizophrenia than non-Latino white subjects, even after controlling for covariates such as serious affective disorder. (Source: Archives of General Psychiatry)

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The French Paradox and Other Ecological FallaciesThe French Paradox and Other Ecological Fallacies

Medscape Today Headlines — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 04:00:00 +0100

A historical perspective of ecological fallacies in medicine, which arise when disease differences identified between countries are assumed to be caused by factors that are found to also differ. International Journal of Epidemiology (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

Depression Following Traumatic Brain Injury: Epidemiology, Risk Factors and Management

CNS Drugs — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 01:22:15 +0100

(Source: CNS Drugs)

The European internet-based patient and research database for primary immunodeficiencies: update 2011.

Clinical and Developmental Immunology — Sun, 05 Feb 2012 16:25:37 +0100

Authors: Gathmann B, Binder N, Ehl S, Kindle G, Abstract In order to build a common data pool and estimate the disease burden of primary immunodeficiencies (PID) in Europe, the European Society for Immunodeficiencies (ESID) has developed an internet-based database for clinical and research data on patients with PID. This database is a platform for epidemiological analyses as well as the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies and the identification of novel disease-associated genes. Since its start in 2004, 13 708 patients from 41 countries have been documented in the ESID database. Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) represents the most common entity with 2880 patients or 21% of all entries, followed by selective immunoglobulin A (sIgA) deficiency (1424 pat...

Comparability of cancer identification among death registry, cancer registry and hospital discharge registry

International Journal of Cancer — Sun, 05 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, some 10% of cancer deaths had no cancer records in CR or in HDR, and 3.4% were missing in both sources. The identification rate depended on tumor site, age at death, and, to some extent, death outside hospital. © 2012 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: International Journal of Cancer)

How should individuals with a false‐positive fecal occult blood test for colorectal cancer be managed? A decision analysis

International Journal of Cancer — Sun, 05 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, the ContinueFOBT_long strategy was advantageous regarding both clinical benefit and required resources. Specifying an appropriate management strategy for individuals with a prior fpFOBT may substantially reduce required resources within a FOBT‐based CRC screening program without limiting its effectiveness. © 2012 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: International Journal of Cancer)

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The association between two polymorphisms in the TS gene and risk of cancer: A systematic review and pooled analysis

International Journal of Cancer — Sun, 05 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractThymidylate synthase (TS) is an important enzyme involved in folate metabolism and catalyzes methylation of dUMP to dTMP, which is essential for DNA replication. TSER and TS1494del6, two functionally important and ethnically diverse polymorphisms mapping to its gene region, are the most extensively studied. Considering the potential influence of altering TS activity, it is plausible that TS polymorphisms might play a role in the development of cancer. Although the effects of TS polymorphisms on susceptibility to human cancer have been investigated in many studies, the results remain conflicting rather than conclusive. In order to resolve these conflicts, we performed a quantitative synthesis of the evidence on the association between these two polymorphisms and cancer risk, includi...

The prevalence of children affected by parental cancer and their use of specialised psychiatric services: The 1987 finnish birth cohort study

International Journal of Cancer — Sun, 05 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

This study examined the prevalence of children affected by parental cancer at national level and whether these children use specialised psychiatric services more than their peers. The study is a retrospective population‐based registry study. All 60,069 children born in Finland in 1987 were followed up with various health and social registers from 1987 to 2008. The associations of parental cancer treatments with children's psychiatric service use were analysed with logistic regressions. During the 21‐year follow‐up 3,909 (6.6%) of the children had a parent suffering from cancer. The children of the cancer patients used more specialised psychiatric care than their peers and the service use depended on parent's gender, as well as cohort members' gender and the age at occurrence. The com...

Using Formative Assessment in Active Learning Environments: Transitioning from Preclinical to Clinical Training (Linda Chang PharmD)

Family Medicine Digital Resources Library (FMDRL) Recently Uploaded — Sat, 04 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Many medical students struggle as they enter the clinical setting because they have difficulty in integrating and applying what they have learned in the preclinical classroom. In order to address this challenge, active learning activities were added to the Essentials of Patient Care course for second year medical students. This PowerPoint was presented at the 38th Annual STFM Conference on Medical Student Education and presents 1) the structure of the course that encompasses cultural competency, health policy, preventive medicine, epidemiology/evidence-based medicine, and medical ethics; 2) examples of the active learning activities; 3) the formative assessment of students' performance in these activities qualitatively and quantitatively; and 4) the use of these assessment data to improve ...

Jacqueline Rose: a life in writing

Guardian Unlimited Science — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 22:55:08 +0100

'Victimhood is something that happens but when you turn it into an identity you're psychically and politically finished'One day, Jacqueline Rose came across a troubling passage in Proust's A la recherche du temps perdu. The narrator, Marcel, lies beside his sleeping lover Albertine and masturbates against her. "It seemed to me at those moments," writes Proust in Carol Clark's recent Penguin translation, "that I possessed her more completely, like an unconscious part of dumb nature." Professor Rose, feminist and psychoanalytic critic, bristled. "I thought 'This is ridiculous – she'd have woken up by now!' I had my feminist reaction – which is not my most obvious default position – which is just let the woman speak."So Rose decided to awaken Proust's lover from her implausible slumber....

Prospective cohort study of radiotherapy with concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide chemotherapy for glioblastoma patients with no or minimal residual enhancing tumor load after surgery

Journal of Neuro-Oncology — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 17:53:11 +0100

Abstract Survival of glioblastoma patients has been linked to the completeness of surgical resection. Available data, however, were generated with adjuvant radiotherapy. Data confirming that extensive cytoreduction remains beneficial to patients treated with the current standard, concomitant temozolomide radiochemotherapy, are limited. We therefore analyzed the efficacy of radiochemotherapy for patients with little or no residual tumor after surgery. In this prospective, non-interventional multicenter cohort study, entry criteria were histological diagnosis of glioblastoma, small enhancing or no residual tumor on post-operative MRI, and intended temozolomide radiochemotherapy. The primary study objective was progression-free survival; secondary study objectives were surviv...

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Treatment of fixed knee flexion deformity by anterior distal femoral stapling

Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 17:53:10 +0100

Conclusions Our results demonstrate that anterior distal femoral stapling is an effective method for the treatment of fixed knee flexion deformity in growing children and adolescents. Rare complications, immediate mobilization, and a low recurrence rate after staple removal provide obvious advantages of this minimally invasive procedure. Level of evidence Retrospective therapeutic study, Level IV. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory KneePages 1-6DOI 10.1007/s00167-012-1915-8Authors Alexander S. Spiro, Department of Trauma-, Hand-, and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, GermanyPeggy Stenger, Department of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Children’s Hospital Hamburg-Altona, Bleicken...

The Molecular Autopsy: Should the Evaluation Continue After the Funeral?

Pediatric Cardiology — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 17:51:30 +0100

Abstract Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is one of the most common causes of death in developed countries, with most SCDs involving the elderly, and structural heart disease evident at autopsy. Each year, however, thousands of sudden deaths involving individuals younger than 35 years of age remain unexplained after a comprehensive medicolegal investigation that includes an autopsy. In fact, several epidemiologic studies have estimated that at least 3% and up to 53% of sudden deaths involving previously healthy children, adolescents, and young adults show no morphologic abnormalities identifiable at autopsy. Cardiac channelopathies associated with structurally normal hearts such as long QT syndrome (LQTS), catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT), and Br...

Comparison of Two Measures of Gestational Age Among Low Income Births. The Potential Impact on Health Studies, New York, 2005

Maternal and Child Health Journal — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 17:51:18 +0100

This study provides additional insight into the comparability of the LMP and CE measures currently used on vital records among births at risk for poor outcomes. The data consisted of all New York State (NYS) (excluding New York City) singleton births in 2005 among mothers enrolled in the NYS Women Infants and Children (WIC) program during pregnancy. Prenatal WIC records were matched to NYS’ Statewide Perinatal Data System. The analysis investigates differences between LMP and CE recorded gestations. Relative risks between risk factors and preterm birth were compared for LMP and CE. Exact agreement between gestation measures exists in 49.6% of births. Overall, 6.4% of records indicate discordance in full term/preterm classifications; CE is full term and LMP preterm in 4.9%, with the...

Gemcitabine in combination with vinorelbine in elderly patients with anthracycline- and taxane-pretreated metastatic breast cancer

Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 17:12:25 +0100

Conclusion Gemcitabine in combination with vinorelbine is active and safe in elderly patients with anthracycline- and taxane-pretreated metastatic breast cancer. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-8DOI 10.1007/s00280-012-1830-1Authors Ningning Dong, Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Medical Oncology Department, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Rd, Beijing, 100142 ChinaMingyu Wang, Chemotherapy Department, Shandong Tumor Hospital and Institute, 440 Jiyan Rd, Jinan, 250117 ChinaHuiqing Li, Epidemiology Department, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 18877 Jingshi Rd, Jinan, 250062 ChinaYongchun Cui, Clinical Tr...

Erratum to: Ethnic differences in composite indices of femoral neck strength

Osteoporosis International — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 17:11:21 +0100

Content Type Journal ArticleCategory ErratumPages 1-2DOI 10.1007/s00198-011-1887-4Authors S. Ishii, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 11301 Wilshire Blvd, Building 220, Room 302, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USAJ. A. Cauley, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 DeSoto Street, A524 Crabtree, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USAG. A. Greendale, Department of Medicine/Division of Geriatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10933 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USAM. E. Danielson, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 DeSoto Street, A524 Crabtree, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USAN. Safaei Nili, Department of Medicine/Division ...

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Clinical Management of Elderly Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Postgraduate Medicine Online — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 14:16:41 +0100

This article reviews the epidemiology, pathophysiology, comorbidities, pharmacokinetic considerations, treatment goals, guidelines, and treatment options for the elderly population, and highlights the current knowledge gaps complicating the management of T2DM in this population. Keywords: type 2 diabetes mellitus; elderly; metformin; thiazolidinediones; incretin mimetics; DPP-4 inhibitors; GLP-1 read more (Source: Postgraduate Medicine Online)

Current Approaches to the Treatment of Hypertension in Older Persons

Postgraduate Medicine Online — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 14:06:20 +0100

Wilbert S. Aronow, MD, FACC, FAHA DOI: 10.3810/pgm.2012.01.2517 Abstract: Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is present in 69% of patients with a first myocardial infarction, in 77% of patients with a first stroke, in 74% of patients with chronic heart failure, and in 60% of patients with peripheral arterial disease. Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trials have demonstrated that antihypertensive drug therapy reduces cardiovascular events in patients aged 65 to 79 years. In the Hypertension in the Very Elderly Trial, patients aged ≥ 80 years who were treated with antihypertensive drug therapy had, at 1.8-year follow-up, a 30% reduction in fatal or nonfatal stroke (P = 0.06), a 39% reduction in fatal stroke (P = 0.05), a 21% reduction in a...

Brazil Deploys "Junior Firefighters" to Snuff Out Dengue

IPS Inter Press Service - Health — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 12:18:13 +0100

The government of the state of Rio de Janeiro is unveiling a battery of creative tactics to engage the population in the battle against dengue fever, which is threatening to reach unprecedented epidemic proportions as a new virus strain hits Brazil. (Source: IPS Inter Press Service - Health)

Nigeria: Lassa Fever - and the 'Joker' Was Death (1)

AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 11:12:06 +0100

[Vanguard] There is no "Good" time for a disease epidemic. Certainly not a deadly hemorrhagic fever, such as Lassa. But the worst possible period is now, when we are so deeply mired in a social crisis. (Source: AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine)

Residential exposure to outdoor air pollution from livestock operations and perceived annoyance among citizens.

Environment International — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 09:49:05 +0100

Authors: Blanes-Vidal V, Suh H, Nadimi ES, Løfstrøm P, Ellermann T, Andersen HV, Schwartz J Abstract Epidemiological studies have shown that residential exposure to livestock odors can affect the health and wellbeing of rural citizens. However, exposure-response models for this relationship have not been developed. One of the main challenges is to identify a compound that can be used as proxy for livestock odor exposure. In this paper we developed models that describe the relationship between long-term averaged outdoor residential ammonia (NH(3)) exposures and livestock odor annoyance experienced by rural residents, and investigated person-related variables associated with annoyance responses. We used emission-based atmospheric dispersion modeling data to estimate household-speci...

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Aggressive Management of Peritoneal Carcinomatosis from Mucinous Appendiceal Neoplasms

Annals of Surgical Oncology — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 07:21:20 +0100

Conclusions Aggressive management of PC from mucinous appendiceal neoplasms, by experienced surgeons, to achieve complete cytoreduction provides long-term survival with low major morbidity. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Regional Cancer TherapiesPages 1-8DOI 10.1245/s10434-012-2241-6Authors Frances Austin, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USAArun Mavanur, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USAMagesh Sathaiah, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USAJennifer Steel, Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USADiana Lenzner, Biostatistics Facility, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USALekshmi Ramali...

Importance of Histologic Subtype in the Staging of Appendiceal Tumors

Annals of Surgical Oncology — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 07:21:18 +0100

Conclusions Histologic subtype is an important predictor of disease-specific survival and overall survival in patients with appendiceal neoplasms. Addition of the histologic subtype to the TNM staging is simple and may improve prognostication. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Regional Cancer TherapiesPages 1-7DOI 10.1245/s10434-012-2238-1Authors Kiran K. Turaga, Division of Surgical Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USASam G. Pappas, Division of Surgical Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USAT. Clark Gamblin, Division of Surgical Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA Journal Annals of Surgical OncologyOnline ISSN 1534-4681Print ISSN 1068-9265 (Source: Annals of Surgical Oncology)

Evaluation of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention Program to Decrease Blood Pressure in Low-Income African-American Older Adults

Journal of Urban Health — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 07:20:51 +0100

Abstract Hypertension affects a large proportion of urban African-American older adults. While there have been great strides in drug development, many older adults do not have access to such medicines or do not take them. Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) has been shown to decrease blood pressure in some populations. This has not been tested in low-income, urban African-American older adults. Therefore, the primary purpose of this pilot study was to test the feasibility and acceptability of a mindfulness-based program for low income, minority older adults provided in residence. The secondary purpose was to learn if the mindfulness-based program produced differences in blood pressure between the intervention and control groups. Participants were at least 62 year...

PAINWeek 2012: Ready to Address the Epidemic of Chronic Pain

PRWeb: Medical Pharmaceuticals — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 06:24:02 +0100

Challenges cited in the 2011 Institute of Medicine (IOM) report and the recent NEJM article have made PAINWeek the largest US pain conference for frontline practitioners.(PRWeb January 31, 2012)Read the full story at http://www.prweb.com/releases/2012/1/prweb9145505.htm (Source: PRWeb: Medical Pharmaceuticals)

Nurse preparedness for the non‐communicable disease escalation in Thailand: A cross‐sectional survey of nurses

Nursing and Health Sciences — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractChronic diseases are now the largest cause of mortality in Thailand, and form an increasingly large portion of the healthcare landscape. In the Thai health system, many patients with chronic conditions receive care and disease management services from nurses, yet specialized training in chronic diseases is not currently part of standard nursing degree programs. Given the evolving epidemiology of the Thailand population, we questioned whether practicing nurses remain confident in their knowledge and skills in chronic disease management. We conducted a cross‐sectional, self‐efficacy survey of nurses in eight randomly‐selected provinces in Thailand, receiving 468 responses. Nurse self‐efficacy was analyzed in prominent chronic disease types, including cancer, hypertension, dia...

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Establishing a web-based integrated surveillance system for early detection of infectious disease epidemic in rural China: a field experimental study

BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making - Latest articles — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

DiscussionAlthough syndromic surveillance system has mostly established in developed areas, there are opportunities and advantages of developing it in rural China. The project will contribute to knowledge, experience and evidence on the establishment of an integrated surveillance system, which aims to provide early warning of disease epidemics in developing countries. (Source: BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making - Latest articles)

Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and advanced fibrosis in Hong Kong Chinese: a population study using proton-magnetic resonance spectroscopy and transient elastography

Gut — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion NAFLD is found in over a quarter of the general adult Chinese population, but the proportion of patients with advanced fibrosis is low. Modest alcohol consumption does not increase the risk of fatty liver or liver fibrosis. (Source: Gut)

Bronchial And Alveolar Nitric Oxide In Exercise‐Induced Bronchoconstriction In Asthmatic Children

Clinical and Experimental Allergy — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance:Our results suggest that inflammation is present in the central and peripheral airways and that it is associated with the severity of EIB. Clinicaltrials.govNCT00952835© 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd (Source: Clinical and Experimental Allergy)

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