MedWorm: Epidemiology

Economic Burden of Ventilator‐Associated Pneumonia Based on Total Resource Utilization

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue — Sat, 20 Mar 2010 07:05:16 +0100

Conclusions. VAP was associated with increased hospital costs, longer duration of hospital stay, and a higher number of hospital services being affected, which underscores the need for bundled measures to prevent VAP. Trial registration. NASCENT study ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00148642. (Source: Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue)

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Causes of Death and Incidence of Cancer in a Cohort of Australian Pesticide-Exposed Workers.

Annals of Epidemiology — Fri, 19 Mar 2010 02:42:05 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: This study did not find evidence of a relationship between occupational pesticide exposure and cancer or non-injury-related mortality. However, accidental poisoning and intentional self-harm warrant further investigation. PMID: 20227009 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Annals of Epidemiology)

Factors Associated with Increased Healthcare Worker Influenza Vaccination Rates: Results from a National Survey of University Hospitals and Medical Centers

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue — Wed, 17 Mar 2010 07:05:40 +0100

Conclusions. Vaccination programs that emphasized accountability to the highest levels of the organization, provided weekend access to vaccination, and used train‐the‐trainer programs had higher vaccination coverage. Of concern, the types of HCWs targeted by vaccination programs differed, and uniform definitions will be essential in the event of public reporting of vaccination rates. (Source: Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue)

Determinants of serum cotinine and hair cotinine as biomarkers of childhood secondhand smoke exposure

Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology — Wed, 17 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Amy E Kalkbrenner, Richard W Hornung, John T Bernert, S Katherine Hammond, Joe M Braun & Bruce P Lanphear (Source: Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology)

Daily intake of bisphenol A and potential sources of exposure: 2005–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology — Wed, 17 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Daily intake of bisphenol A and potential sources of exposure: 2005–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology advance online publication, March 17, 2010. doi:10.1038/jes.2010.9 Authors: Judy S LaKind & Daniel Q Naiman (Source: Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology)

Kids, Adolescents, and Young Adults Cancer Study—A Methodologic Approach in Cancer Epidemiology Research

Journal of Cancer Epidemiology — Mon, 15 Mar 2010 16:18:44 +0100

Advances have been made in treatment and outcomes for pediatric cancer. However adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with cancer have not experienced similar relative improvements. We undertook a study to develop the methodology necessary for epidemiologic cancer research in these age groups. Our goal was to create the Kids, Adolescents, and Young Adults Cancer (KAYAC) project to create a resource to address research questions relevant to this population. We used a combination of clinic and population-based ascertainment to enroll 111 cases aged 0–39 for this methodology development study. The largest groups of cancer types enrolled include: breast cancer, leukemia, lymphoma, and melanoma. The overall participation rate is 69.8% and varies by age and tumor type. The study included...

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Observational prospective study of viral infections in children undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation: a 3-year GETMON experience.

Adv Data — Mon, 15 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Verdeguer A, de Heredia CD, González M, Martínez AM, Fernández-Navarro JM, Pérez-Hurtado JM, Badell I, Gómez P, González ME, Muñoz A, Díaz MA We studied surveillance, incidence and outcome of viral infections in children undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) in the main pediatric transplant units in Spain. We prospectively collected data from first year post-HCT in every consecutive allogeneic HCT performed during 3 years (N=215): first HCT=188 and second HCT=27; median age=6.6 years (0.1-20.7). Most patients had acute leukemia (N=137) and 135 recipients (63%) were CMV seropositive. A total of 46 patients underwent cord blood transplant, 133 patients underwent HCT from alternative donors (62%) and 101 patients re...

Model-Based Estimation of Viral Transmissibility and Infection-Induced Resistance From the Age-Dependent Prevalence of Infection for 14 High-Risk Types of Human Papillomavirus.

Am J Epidemiol — Mon, 15 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Bogaards JA, Xiridou M, Coupé VM, Meijer CJ, Wallinga J, Berkhof J Viral transmissibility and natural resistance to infection are key determinants in assessing the population impact of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination, yet information on these parameters is scarce. Using data from 2 large-scale surveys on sexual behavior in the Netherlands (carried out in 2005-2006), the authors employed a Bayesian framework to fit a transmission model to the cross-sectional age-dependent prevalence of HPV DNA in cervical smears (data collected in 1992-2002), assuming that the prevaccine situation reflected an endemic equilibrium, and calculated type-specific estimates of transmissibility and infection-induced resistance. The posterior median transmission probability per heterosexua...

Hormonal and Sex Impact on the Epidemiology of Canine Lymphoma

Journal of Cancer Epidemiology — Sun, 14 Mar 2010 15:51:09 +0100

This study examines the influence of sex on lymphoma risk in a relevant large animal model. Records for dogs in the Veterinary Medical Database were analyzed from 1964 to 2002. Risk ratios were calculated to evaluate associations between sex, neutering status, and lymphoma occurrence. A total of 14,573 cases and 1,157,342 controls were identified. Intact females had a significantly lower risk of developing lymphoma, Odds Ratio 0.69 (0.63–0.74) with a P<.001. We conclude that there is a sex effect on NHL risk in dogs similar to humans. We hypothesize that the hormone levels of intact females lower the risk of NHL. The possibility of a protective role of endogenous estrogens in the etiology of NHL should be investigated. (Source: Journal of Cancer Epidemiology)

Prevalence of USA300 Strain Type of Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus among Patients with Nasal Colonization Identified with Active Surveillance

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue — Sat, 13 Mar 2010 08:06:08 +0100

Conclusion. The proportion of MRSA nasally colonized patients with USA300 strains significantly increased during the study, and risks included African American race. Strain type had no significant effect on the proportion of patients who developed infection, and risk factors for infection were similar. (Source: Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue)

Masthead

Annals of Epidemiology — Fri, 12 Mar 2010 16:02:48 +0100

(Source: Annals of Epidemiology)

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Annals of Epidemiology — Fri, 12 Mar 2010 16:02:48 +0100

(Source: Annals of Epidemiology)

Information for Authors

Annals of Epidemiology — Fri, 12 Mar 2010 16:02:48 +0100

(Source: Annals of Epidemiology)

Causes of Death and Incidence of Cancer in a Cohort of Australian Pesticide-Exposed Workers

Annals of Epidemiology — Fri, 12 Mar 2010 16:02:48 +0100

Conclusions: This study did not find evidence of a relationship between occupational pesticide exposure and cancer or non–injury-related mortality. However, accidental poisoning and intentional self-harm warrant further investigation. (Source: Annals of Epidemiology)

Editorial Board

Annals of Epidemiology — Fri, 12 Mar 2010 16:02:47 +0100

(Source: Annals of Epidemiology)

Progress towards eradicating poliomyelitis in Afghanistan and Pakistan, 2009.

Weekly Epidemiological Record — Fri, 12 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: PMID: 20229646 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Weekly Epidemiological Record)

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Antigenic and genetic characteristics of influenza A(H5N1) and influenza A(H9N2) viruses and candidate vaccine viruses developed for potential use in human vaccines - February 2010.

Weekly Epidemiological Record — Fri, 12 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: PMID: 20229648 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Weekly Epidemiological Record)

Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP).

MMWR Recomm Rep — Fri, 12 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

This report updates the 1993 recommendations by CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) regarding the prevention of Japanese encephalitis (JE) among travelers (CDC. Inactivated Japanese encephalitis virus vaccine: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices [ACIP]. MMWR 1993;42[No. RR-1]). This report summarizes the epidemiology of JE, describes the two JE vaccines that are licensed in the United States, and provides recommendations for their use among travelers and laboratory workers. JE virus (JEV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, is the most common vaccine-preventable cause of encephalitis in Asia. JE occurs throughout most of Asia and parts of the western Pacific. Among an estimated 35,000--50,000 annual cases, 20%--30% of patients die, and 30%--5...

Invasive pneumococcal disease in young children before licensure of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine --- United States, 2007.

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... — Fri, 12 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which found that among 427 IPD cases with known serotype in children aged <5 years, 274 (64%) were caused by serotypes contained in PCV13. In 2007, an estimated 4,600 cases of IPD occurred in children in this age group in the United States, including approximately 2,900 cases caused by serotypes covered in PCV13 (versus 70 cases caused by PCV7 serotypes). PCV13 use has the potential to further reduce IPD in the United States. Post-licensure monitoring will help characterize the effectiveness of PCV13 in different populations and track the potential changes in disease burden caused by non-PCV13 serotypes. PMID: 20224541 [PubMed - in process] (Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl...)

Licensure of a 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV13) and Recommendations for Use Among Children --- Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2010.

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... — Fri, 12 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

This report summarizes recommendations approved by ACIP on February 24, 2010, for 1) routine vaccination of all children aged 2--59 months with PCV13, 2) vaccination with PCV13 of children aged 60--71 months with underlying medical conditions that increase their risk for pneumococcal disease or complications, and 3) PCV13 vaccination of children who previously received 1 or more doses of PCV7. CDC guidance for vaccination providers regarding transition from PCV7 to the PCV13 immunization program also is included. PMID: 20224542 [PubMed - in process] (Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl...)

Short-term effects of health-care coverage legislation --- massachusetts, 2008.

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... — Fri, 12 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

This report summarizes the results of those comparisons, which determined that health insurance coverage statewide increased by 5.5%, from 91.3% in the pre-law period to 96.3% in the post-law period, and that coverage increased 14.2% among Hispanics, from 77.9% to 89.0%. Despite the limitations inherent in this analysis, the increases in coverage likely are attributable to the new law. MDPH is using these results to target outreach more precisely to increase health insurance enrollment and health-care access among state residents. PMID: 20224543 [PubMed - in process] (Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl...)

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Progress toward poliomyelitis eradication --- afghanistan and pakistan, 2009.

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... — Fri, 12 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

This report updates previous reports and describes polio eradication activities in Afghanistan and Pakistan during January--December 2009 and proposed activities in 2010 to address challenges. During 2009, both countries continued to conduct coordinated supplemental immunization activities (SIAs) and used multiple strategies to reach previously unreached children. These strategies included 1) use of short interval additional dose (SIAD) SIAs to administer a dose of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) within 1--2 weeks after a prior dose during negotiated periods of security; 2) systematic engagement of local leaders; 3) negotiations with conflict parties; and 4) increased engagement of nongovernmental organizations delivering basic health services. However, security problems continued to limit a...

Licensure of a Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine (Menveo) and Guidance for Use --- Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2010.

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... — Fri, 12 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

This report summarizes the approved indications for MenACWY-CRM and provides guidance from ACIP for its use. The following guidance for use of MenACWY-CRM is consistent with licensed indications and ACIP recommendations for meningococcal conjugate vaccines. PMID: 20224545 [PubMed - in process] (Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl...)

Table of contents.

Am J Epidemiol — Thu, 11 Mar 2010 14:42:13 +0100

Authors: PMID: 20215103 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Am J Epidemiol)

Subscriptions.

Am J Epidemiol — Thu, 11 Mar 2010 14:42:10 +0100

Authors: PMID: 20215104 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Am J Epidemiol)

Editorial board.

Am J Epidemiol — Thu, 11 Mar 2010 14:42:08 +0100

Authors: PMID: 20215105 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Am J Epidemiol)

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Cover.

Am J Epidemiol — Thu, 11 Mar 2010 14:42:05 +0100

Authors: PMID: 20215106 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Am J Epidemiol)

Parabens in urine, serum and seminal plasma from healthy Danish men determined by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS)

Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Parabens in urine, serum and seminal plasma from healthy Danish men determined by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology advance online publication, March 10, 2010. doi:10.1038/jes.2010.6 Authors: Hanne Frederiksen, Niels Jørgensen & Anna-Maria Andersson (Source: Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology)

Estimating the half-lives of PCB congeners in former capacitor workers measured over a 28-year interval

Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Richard F Seegal, Edward F Fitzgerald, Elaine A Hills, Mary S Wolff, Richard F Haase, Andrew C Todd, Patrick Parsons, Eric S Molho, Donald S Higgins, Stewart A Factor, Kenneth L Marek, John P Seibyl, Danna L Jennings & Robert J Mccaffrey (Source: Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology)

The authors reply

American Journal of Epidemiology — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 03:52:15 +0100

(Source: American Journal of Epidemiology)

Re: "effect of supplemental folic acid in pregnancy on childhood asthma: a prospective birth cohort study"

American Journal of Epidemiology — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 03:52:15 +0100

(Source: American Journal of Epidemiology)

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The authors reply

American Journal of Epidemiology — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 03:52:15 +0100

(Source: American Journal of Epidemiology)

Re: "cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between objectively measured sleep duration and body mass index: the cardia sleep study"

American Journal of Epidemiology — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 03:52:15 +0100

(Source: American Journal of Epidemiology)

Birth Weight and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in the Maternal Grandparents

American Journal of Epidemiology — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 03:52:15 +0100

Pregnancy complications and cardiovascular disease share some common determinants. It has previously been hypothesized that family history of cardiovascular disease would be associated with low birth weight. Records from 120,317 Scottish births, 1992–2006, were linked to hospital admission and death certificate data for 71,681 pairs of maternal grandparents. There was a negative relation between the birth weight of the baby and the risk of either grandparent's experiencing ischemic heart disease (for a 1-kg increase in birth weight, hazard ratio = 0.86, 95% confidence interval: 0.83, 0.89) or cerebrovascular disease (hazard ratio = 0.82, 95% confidence interval: 0.77, 0.87). Further analysis demonstrated that the associations were explained by increased risks of both delivering a sma...

Untreated Poor Vision: A Contributing Factor to Late-Life Dementia

American Journal of Epidemiology — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 03:52:15 +0100

Ophthalmologic abnormalities have been described in patients with dementia, but the extent to which poor vision and treatment for visual disorders affect cognitive decline is not well defined. Linked data from the Health and Retirement Study and Medicare files (1992–2005) were used to follow the experiences of 625 elderly US study participants with normal cognition at baseline. The outcome was a diagnosis of dementia, cognitively impaired but no dementia, or normal cognition. Poor vision was associated with development of dementia (P = 0.0048); individuals with very good or excellent vision at baseline had a 63% reduced risk of dementia (95% confidence interval (CI): 20, 82) over a mean follow-up period of 8.5 years. Participants with poorer vision who did not visit an ophthalmologis...

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Completed Suicide

American Journal of Epidemiology — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 03:52:15 +0100

In conclusion, a registry-based diagnosis of PTSD based on International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision, is a risk factor for completed suicide. (Source: American Journal of Epidemiology)

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Prospective Associations of Insomnia Markers and Symptoms With Depression

American Journal of Epidemiology — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 03:52:15 +0100

Whether insomnia, a known correlate of depression, predicts depression longitudinally warrants elucidation. The authors examined 555 Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study participants aged 33–71 years without baseline depression or antidepressant use who completed baseline and follow-up overnight polysomnography and had complete questionnaire-based data on insomnia and depression for 1998–2006. Using Poisson regression, they estimated relative risks for depression (Zung scale score ≥50) at 4-year (average) follow-up according to baseline insomnia symptoms and polysomnographic markers. Twenty-six participants (4.7%) developed depression by follow-up. Having 3–4 insomnia symptoms versus none predicted depression risk (age-, sex-, and comorbidity-adjusted relative risk (RR) = 3.2,...

Soft Drink and Juice Consumption and Risk of Physician-diagnosed Incident Type 2 Diabetes: The Singapore Chinese Health Study

American Journal of Epidemiology — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 03:52:15 +0100

Soft drinks and other sweetened beverages may contribute to risk of type 2 diabetes and obesity. However, research has not addressed higher risk and Asian populations. The authors examined the association between soft drinks and juice and the risk of type 2 diabetes among Chinese Singaporeans enrolled in a prospective cohort study of 43,580 participants aged 45–74 years and free of diabetes and other chronic diseases at baseline. The incidence of physician-diagnosed type 2 diabetes was assessed by interview and validated; 2,273 participants developed diabetes during follow-up. After adjustment for potential lifestyle and dietary confounders, participants consuming ≥2 soft drinks per week had a relative risk of type 2 diabetes of 1.42 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.25, 1.62) comp...

Time Scale and Adjusted Survival Curves for Marginal Structural Cox Models

American Journal of Epidemiology — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 03:52:14 +0100

Typical applications of marginal structural time-to-event (e.g., Cox) models have used time on study as the time scale. Here, the authors illustrate use of time on treatment as an alternative time scale. In addition, a method is provided for estimating Kaplan-Meier–type survival curves for marginal structural models. For illustration, the authors estimate the total effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy on time to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or death in 1,498 US men and women infected with human immunodeficiency virus and followed for 6,556 person-years between 1995 and 2002; 323 incident cases of clinical AIDS and 59 deaths occurred. Of the remaining 1,116 participants, 77% were still under observation at the end of follow-up. By using time on study, the hazard...

Pooling Dietary Data Using Questionnaires With Open-ended and Predefined Responses: Implications for Comparing Mean Intake or Estimating Odds Ratios

American Journal of Epidemiology — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 03:52:14 +0100

In the current era of diet-gene analyses, large sample sizes are required to uncover the etiology of complex diseases. As such, consortia form and often combine available data. Food frequency questionnaires, which commonly use 2 different types of responses about the frequency of intake (predefined responses and open-ended responses), may be pooled to achieve the desired sample size. The common practice is to categorize open-ended responses into the predefined response categories. A problem arises when the predefined categories are noncontiguous: possible open-ended responses may fall in gaps between the predefined categories. Using simulated data modeled from frequency of intake among 1,664 controls in a lung cancer case-control study at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Cente...

Messer et al. Respond to "Positivity in Practice"

American Journal of Epidemiology — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 03:52:14 +0100

(Source: American Journal of Epidemiology)

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Cheng et al. Respond to "Positivity in Practice"

American Journal of Epidemiology — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 03:52:14 +0100

(Source: American Journal of Epidemiology)

Invited Commentary: Positivity in Practice

American Journal of Epidemiology — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 03:52:14 +0100

Positivity, or the experimental treatment assignment assumption, requires that there be both exposed and unexposed participants at every combination of the values of the observed confounders in the population under study. Positivity is essential for inference but is often overlooked in practice by epidemiologists. This issue of the Journal includes 2 articles featuring discussions related to positivity. Here the authors define positivity, distinguish between deterministic and random positivity, and discuss the 2 relevant papers in this issue. In addition, the commentators illustrate positivity in simple 2 x 2 tables, as well as detail some ways in which epidemiologists may examine their data for nonpositivity and deal with violations of positivity in practice. (Source: American Journal of ...

Effects of Socioeconomic and Racial Residential Segregation on Preterm Birth: A Cautionary Tale of Structural Confounding

American Journal of Epidemiology — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 03:52:14 +0100

Confounding associated with social stratification or other selection processes has been called structural confounding. In the presence of structural confounding, certain covariate strata will contain only subjects who could never be exposed, a violation of the positivity or experimental treatment effect assumption. Thus, structural confounding can prohibit the exchangeability necessary for meaningful causal contrasts across levels of exposure. The authors explored the presence and magnitude of structural confounding by estimating the independent effects of neighborhood deprivation and neighborhood racial composition (segregation) on rates of preterm birth in Wake and Durham counties, North Carolina (1999–2001). Tabular analyses and random-intercept fixed-slope multilevel logistic mod...

The Association Between Persistent Fetal Occiput Posterior Position and Perinatal Outcomes: An Example of Propensity Score and Covariate Distance Matching

American Journal of Epidemiology — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 03:52:14 +0100

In a retrospective cohort study of 18,880 full-term, cephalic singletons born in San Francisco, California, during 1976–2001, the authors used multivariable logistic regression (MVLR) and propensity score analysis (PSA) to examine the association between persistent fetal occiput posterior (OP) position and perinatal outcomes. The principles and applications of these techniques are compared and discussed. Pregnancies with OP positions at delivery were compared with those with occiput anterior positions. Perinatal outcomes were examined as adjusted odds ratios determined by MVLR and PSA and as risk differences determined by propensity score matched bootstrapping based on covariate distance. Persistent OP position was associated with operative delivery and maternal morbidity. The odds r...

The Association Between the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-{gamma}2 (PPARG2) Pro12Ala Gene Variant and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A HuGE Review and Meta-Analysis

American Journal of Epidemiology — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 03:52:14 +0100

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- gene (PPARG) has been implicated in the etiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus and has been investigated in numerous epidemiologic studies. In this Human Genome Epidemiology review, the authors assessed this relation in an updated meta-analysis of 60 association studies. Electronic literature searches were conducted on September 14, 2009. Population-based cohort, case-control, cross-sectional, or genome-wide association studies reporting associations between the PPARG Pro12Ala gene variant (rs1801282) and type 2 diabetes were included. An updated literature-based meta-analysis involving 32,849 type 2 diabetes cases and 47,456 controls in relation to the PPARG Pro12Ala variant was conducted. The combined overall odds ratio, calculated by per-all...

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Irregular Heavy Drinking Occasions and Risk of Ischemic Heart Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

American Journal of Epidemiology — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 03:52:14 +0100

Contrary to a cardioprotective effect of moderate regular alcohol consumption, accumulating evidence points to a detrimental effect of irregular heavy drinking occasions (>60 g of pure alcohol or ≥5 drinks per occasion at least monthly) on ischemic heart disease risk, even for drinkers whose average consumption is moderate. The authors systematically searched electronic databases from 1980 to 2009 for case-control or cohort studies examining the association of irregular heavy drinking occasions with ischemic heart disease risk. Studies were included if they reported either a relative risk estimate for intoxication or frequency of ≥5 drinks stratified by or adjusted for total average alcohol consumption. The search identified 14 studies (including 31 risk estimates) containing 4,71...

American Journal of Epidemiology — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 03:52:13 +0100

(Source: American Journal of Epidemiology)

Subscriptions

American Journal of Epidemiology — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 03:52:13 +0100

(Source: American Journal of Epidemiology)

Editorial Board

American Journal of Epidemiology — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 03:52:13 +0100

(Source: American Journal of Epidemiology)

Cover

American Journal of Epidemiology — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 03:52:13 +0100

(Source: American Journal of Epidemiology)

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Case‐Crossover Study of Burkholderia cepacia Complex Bloodstream Infection Associated with Contaminated Intravenous Bromopride

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue — Sat, 06 Mar 2010 08:05:39 +0100

Conclusion. Our investigation, using a case‐crossover design, of an outbreak of BCC‐BSI infections concluded it was polyclonal but likely caused by infusion of contaminated bromopride. The epidemiological finding was validated by microbiological analysis. After recall of contaminated bromopride vials by the manufacturer, the outbreak was controlled. (Source: Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue)

Recommended viruses for influenza vaccines for use in the 2010-2011 northern hemisphere influenza season.

Weekly Epidemiological Record — Fri, 05 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: PMID: 20210260 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Weekly Epidemiological Record)

Malaria acquired in haiti --- 2010.

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... — Fri, 05 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

This report summarizes the 11 cases and provides chemoprophylactic and additional preventive recommendations to minimize the risk for acquiring malaria for persons traveling to Haiti. PMID: 20203553 [PubMed - in process] (Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl...)

Identifying infants with hearing loss --- United States, 1999--2007.

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... — Fri, 05 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Congenital hearing loss affects two to three infants per 1,000 live births. Undetected hearing loss can delay speech and language development. A total of 41 states, Guam, and the District of Columbia have statutes or regulatory guidance to identify infants with hearing loss. All states and U.S. territories also have established Early Hearing Detection and Intervention (EHDI) programs, which embody evidence-based public health policy for addressing infant hearing loss. EHDI programs help ensure that newborns and infants are screened and receive recommended follow-up through data collection and outreach to hospitals, providers, and families. To determine the status of efforts to identify newborns and infants with hearing loss, CDC analyzed EHDI surveillance data from 1999--200...

Severe isoniazid-associated liver injuries among persons being treated for latent tuberculosis infection --- United States, 2004--2008.

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... — Fri, 05 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

This report summarizes the results for 2004--2008, when 17 SAEs in 15 adults and two children (aged 11 and 14 years) were reported. All patients had received INH therapy and had experienced severe liver injury. Five patients, including one child, underwent liver transplantation. Five adults died, including one liver transplant recipient. These findings underscore the risk for an idiosyncratic drug-induced reaction in patients of any age treated with INH, including those with or without a putative predictor for INH-associated liver injury. Patients receiving INH for LTBI therapy should be monitored according to American Thoracic Society (ATS)/CDC recommendations because of the risk for drug-induced hepatoxicity. Providers should counsel patients to terminate INH therapy promptly and seek me...

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Respiratory syncytial virus activity --- United States, july 2008--december 2009.

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... — Fri, 05 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in children aged <1 year worldwide. Each year in the United States, an estimated 75,000--125,000 infants are hospitalized with RSV. Among adults aged >65 years, an estimated 177,000 hospitalizations and 14,000 deaths a year have been attributed to RSV infections. In temperate climates, the RSV season generally begins during the fall and continues through the winter and spring, but the exact timing of RSV circulation varies by location and year. In the United States, data from the National Respiratory and Enteric Virus Surveillance System (NREVSS) are used to monitor the seasonal occurrence of RSV. During the 2008--09 season, onset occurred from mid-October to late December in the ...

Evidence from the 2001 English Census on the contribution of employment status to the social gradient in self-rated health

Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health — Thu, 04 Mar 2010 14:28:04 +0100

Discussion The social gradient in employment status contributes greatly to the social gradient in self-reported health. Understanding why this is the case could be important for tackling social inequalities in health. (Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health)

Impact of the demerit point system on road traffic accident mortality in Spain

Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health — Thu, 04 Mar 2010 14:28:04 +0100

Conclusion Implementation of the DPS in Spain has led to a significant reduction in the number of traffic accident deaths in the context of a downward trend after the implementation of the 2004 measures. (Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health)

Association of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and atopic eczema modified by sleep disturbance in a large population-based sample

Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health — Thu, 04 Mar 2010 14:28:04 +0100

Conclusions ADHD and AE appear to be strongly and independently associated in children with sleeping problems, but not in children without sleeping problems. A substantial part of diagnoses met for ADHD might be engendered by the presence of AE and concomitant sleeping problems. (Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health)

Ethnic differences in informed decision-making about prenatal screening for Down's syndrome

Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health — Thu, 04 Mar 2010 14:28:04 +0100

Conclusion Women from ethnic minority groups less often made an informed decision whether or not to participate in prenatal screening. Interventions to decrease these ethnic differences should first of all be aimed at overcoming language barriers and increasing comprehension among women with a low education level. To further develop diversity-sensitive strategies for counselling, it should be investigated how women from different ethnic backgrounds value informed decision-making in prenatal screening, what decision-relevant knowledge they need and what they take into account when considering participation in prenatal screening. (Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health)

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Sense of coherence and psychiatric morbidity: a 19-year register-based prospective study

Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health — Thu, 04 Mar 2010 14:28:04 +0100

Conclusions A strong SOC is associated with reduced risk of psychiatric disorders during a long time period. (Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health)

Ten-year increase in the prevalence of obesity and reduction in fat intake in Brazilian women aged 35 years and older

Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health — Thu, 04 Mar 2010 14:28:04 +0100

Conclusion In line with an advertised reduction in fat intake, Brazilian women at greatest risk of obesity had a reduction in fat intake and cholesterol, and increased intake of carbohydrate. This group needs to be given a clear message regarding energy reduction in order to curb the obesity epidemic. (Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health)

International migration and adverse birth outcomes: role of ethnicity, region of origin and destination

Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health — Thu, 04 Mar 2010 14:28:04 +0100

Conclusions The association between migration and adverse birth outcomes varies by migrant subgroup and it is sensitive to the definition of the migrant and reference groups. (Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health)

A quick self-assessment tool to identify individuals at high risk of type 2 diabetes in the Chinese general population

Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health — Thu, 04 Mar 2010 14:28:04 +0100

Conclusions This study demonstrates that application of the DRL has identified a substantial proportion of individuals with type 2 diabetes in the Chinese general population. It suggests that there is a great potential for applying the self-assessment tool in healthcare-limited settings. (Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health)

Job stressors and long-term sick leave due to depressive disorders among Japanese male employees: findings from the Japan Work Stress and Health Cohort study

Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health — Thu, 04 Mar 2010 14:28:04 +0100

Conclusion Job control and role ambiguity may be important predictors of long-term sick leave due to depressive disorders among male employees, independent of depressive symptoms and neuroticism. (Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health)

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Association of traffic-related air pollution with cognitive development in children

Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health — Thu, 04 Mar 2010 14:28:04 +0100

Conclusion Although results were not statistically significant, the associations found between exposure to NO2 and cognitive functions suggest that traffic-related air pollution may have an adverse effect on neurodevelopment, especially early in life, even at low exposure levels. (Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health)

Seafood consumption in pregnancy and infant size at birth: results from a prospective Spanish cohort

Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health — Thu, 04 Mar 2010 14:28:04 +0100

Conclusions Higher maternal intakes of crustaceans and canned tuna, but not other types of seafood, were associated with increased risk of SGA independently of several POPs. Future studies exploring seafood subtypes and additional contaminants are needed to determine whether these associations are causal and identify mechanisms involved. (Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health)

Yesterday once more? Unemployment and health in the 21st century

Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health — Thu, 04 Mar 2010 14:28:04 +0100

The relationship between economic recession, higher unemployment and poorer health is well established in the medical and social science research literature. Much of this research resulted from the last major economic recessions of the early 1980s and 1990s. Many parallels are being made between then and now. Therefore, this paper revisits this literature to ascertain what the unemployment consequences of the economic recession may mean for public health and health services. However, this research agenda paper also outlines key differences between then and now focussing on the structure of the welfare system and the organisation and experience of work. Therefore, it is not simply a case of ‘yesterday once more’ and public health research, policy and practice needs to be sensiti...

Categorical versus continuous risk factors and the calculation of potential impact fractions

Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health — Thu, 04 Mar 2010 14:28:04 +0100

Conclusion The ‘proportion shift’ calculation is best avoided. The ‘RR shift’ and ‘distribution shift’ calculation produce virtually the same results. For evaluating high-risk strategies, the ‘RR shift’ calculation is the simplest and therefore preferred. The ‘distribution shift’ is best suited for evaluating population strategies. (Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health)

Denormalising smoking in the classroom: does it cause bullying?

Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health — Thu, 04 Mar 2010 14:28:04 +0100

Conclusion Participation in the intervention had no effect on bullying or perceptions of isolation. Trial Reg No ISRCTN27091233 in Current Control Trial Register. (Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health)

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The neighbourhood matters: studying exposures relevant to childhood obesity and the policy implications in Leeds, UK

Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health — Thu, 04 Mar 2010 14:28:04 +0100

Conclusions These analyses identify the covariates with the strongest local relationships with obesity and suggest how policy can be tailored to the specific needs of each micro-area: solutions need to be tailored to the locality to be most effective. This paper demonstrates the importance of small-area analysis in order to provide health planners with detailed information that may help them to prioritise interventions for maximum benefit. (Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health)

Barriers for the prevention of chemical exposures in pregnant and breast-feeding workers?

Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health — Thu, 04 Mar 2010 14:28:04 +0100

(Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health)

Inconsistent epidemiological findings on fish consumption may be indirect evidence of harmful contaminants in fish

Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health — Thu, 04 Mar 2010 14:28:04 +0100

(Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health)

Candidate gene-environment interactions

Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health — Thu, 04 Mar 2010 14:28:04 +0100

(Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health)

A transition to plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs): why public health professionals must care

Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health — Thu, 04 Mar 2010 14:28:04 +0100

(Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health)

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Statistical modeling of volume of alcohol exposure for epidemiological studies of population health: the US example

Population Health Metrics — Thu, 04 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Modeling alcohol consumption via the gamma distribution was feasible. To further refine this approach, research should focus on the main assumptions underlying the approach to explore differences between volume estimates derived from surveys and per capita consumption figures. (Source: Population Health Metrics)

Landscape-epidemiological study design to investigate an environmentally based disease

Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology — Wed, 03 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Joseph A Tabor, Mary Kay O'rourke, Michael D Lebowitz & Robin B Harris (Source: Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology)

Internal exposure to pollutants and sexual maturation in Flemish adolescents

Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology — Wed, 03 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Elly Den Hond, Willem Dhooge, Liesbeth Bruckers, Greet Schoeters, Vera Nelen, Els van de Mieroop, Gudrun Koppen, Maaike Bilau, Carmen Schroijen, Hans Keune, Willy Baeyens & Nicolas van Larebeke (Source: Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology)

Derivation and Validation of a Clinical System for Predicting Pneumonia in Acute Stroke

Neuroepidemiology — Tue, 02 Mar 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Neuroepidemiology 2010;34:193199 (DOI:10.1159/000289350) (Source: Neuroepidemiology)

Fasting Plasma Insulin, C-Peptide and Cognitive Change in Older Men without Diabetes: Results from the Physicians Health Study II

Neuroepidemiology — Tue, 02 Mar 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Neuroepidemiology 2010;34:200207 (DOI:10.1159/000289351) (Source: Neuroepidemiology)

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Ethnic Disparities in First Primary Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Northern Israel

Neuroepidemiology — Tue, 02 Mar 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Neuroepidemiology 2010;34:208213 (DOI:10.1159/000289352) (Source: Neuroepidemiology)

Incidence of Lobar and Non-Lobar Spontaneous Intracerebral Haemorrhage in a Predominantly Hispanic-Mestizo Population The PISCIS Stroke Project: A Community-Based Prospective Study in Iquique, Chile

Neuroepidemiology — Tue, 02 Mar 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Neuroepidemiology 2010;34:214221 (DOI:10.1159/000289353) (Source: Neuroepidemiology)

Expectation and (un)predictability

Journal of Clinical Epidemiology — Tue, 02 Mar 2010 17:13:22 +0100

Clinical and scientific expectation and prediction, in a context of uncertainty, are basic concepts for developing, designing, and performing clinical research. This is reflected in formulating appropriate and promising research hypotheses while also facing the ethical dilemmas related to required equipoise, in estimating prior probabilities, in designing adequate procedures for decision making during studies, and in defining the framework for correctly interpreting the results. Moreover, for the implementation of results in clinical practice, more individualized predictions would be welcome . Given the context of uncertainty, which is in fact the justification of doing the research, these are not easy tasks, and we can always learn from one another's experiences from clinical trials, and ...

Journal of Clinical Epidemiology — Tue, 02 Mar 2010 17:13:22 +0100

(Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology)

Editorial Board

Journal of Clinical Epidemiology — Tue, 02 Mar 2010 17:13:22 +0100

(Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology)

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Guideline for Prevention of Catheter‐Associated Urinary Tract Infections 2009 •

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue — Tue, 02 Mar 2010 08:06:36 +0100

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, Volume 31, Issue 4, Page 319-326, April 2010. (Source: Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue)

Estimation of the Population Attributable Fraction for Mortality in a Cohort Study Using a Piecewise Constant Hazards Model.

Am J Epidemiol — Tue, 02 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Laaksonen MA, Knekt P, Härkänen T, Virtala E, Oja H Quantification of the impact of exposure to modifiable risk factors on a particular outcome at the population level is a fundamental public health issue. In cohort studies, the population attributable fraction (PAF) is used to assess the proportion of the outcome that is attributable to exposure to certain risk factors in a given population during a certain time interval. This is done by combining information about the prevalence of the risk factor in the population with estimates of the strength of the association between the risk factor and the outcome. In case of mortality, the PAF demonstrates what proportion of mortality can be delayed during the given follow-up time. However, literature on carrying out model-b...

Needlestick Injury Rates According to Different Types of Safety‐Engineered Devices: Results of a French Multicenter Study •

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue — Mon, 01 Mar 2010 17:36:00 +0100

Conclusions. Passive SEDs are most effective for NSI prevention. Further studies are needed to determine whether their higher cost may be offset by savings related to fewer NSIs and to a reduced need for user training. (Source: Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue)

Use of Central Venous Catheter and Peripheral Venous Catheter as Risk Factors for Nosocomial Bloodstream Infection in Very‐Low‐Birth‐Weight Infants •

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue — Mon, 01 Mar 2010 17:35:45 +0100

Conclusions. After adjusting for other risk factors, use of peripheral venous catheter and use of central venous catheter were significantly related to occurrence of BSI in VLBW infants. (Source: Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue)

Factors Associated with Recovery of Multidrug‐Resistant Bacteria in a Combat Support Hospital in Iraq •

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue — Mon, 01 Mar 2010 17:35:35 +0100

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, Volume 31, Issue 4, Page 425-427, April 2010. (Source: Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue)

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Child Care Center Exclusion Policies and Directors’ Opinions on the Use of Antibiotics •

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue — Mon, 01 Mar 2010 17:35:31 +0100

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, Volume 31, Issue 4, Page 408-411, April 2010. We studied exclusion policies and child care center directors’ opinions regarding antibiotic use for childhood illnesses. Among 135 respondents, 96.9% reported that they had written policies on exclusion of children for acute illnesses. Although 52.4% of respondents agreed that children are prescribed antibiotics unnecessarily, 89.1% believed that parents pressure physicians to prescribe unnecessary antibiotics. (Source: Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue)

Natural History of Colonization with Gram‐Negative Multidrug‐Resistant Organisms among Hospitalized Patients •

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue — Mon, 01 Mar 2010 17:34:17 +0100

Conclusions. Colonization with gram‐negative MDROs is common among patients with war‐related trauma admitted to a military hospital and also occurs among nondeployed patients with recent healthcare contact. The groin is the most sensitive anatomic site for active surveillance, and spontaneous decolonization is rare. (Source: Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue)

Oral Cleansing with Chlorhexidine to Decrease the Incidence of Nosocomial Pneumonia: Using the Right Concentration in the Right Place •

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue — Mon, 01 Mar 2010 17:34:06 +0100

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, Volume 31, Issue 4, Page 429, April 2010. (Source: Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue)

Commentary: Child Care Center Directors’ Opinions, Overuse of Antibiotics, and Social Policy •

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue — Mon, 01 Mar 2010 17:34:00 +0100

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, Volume 31, Issue 4, Page 412-413, April 2010. (Source: Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue)

The Inguinal Skin: An Important Site of Colonization with Extended‐Spectrum β‐Lactamase–Producing Enterobacteriaceae •

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue — Mon, 01 Mar 2010 17:33:47 +0100

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, Volume 31, Issue 4, Page 427-428, April 2010. (Source: Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue)

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Reply to Panchabhai and Dangayach •

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue — Mon, 01 Mar 2010 17:33:37 +0100

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, Volume 31, Issue 4, Page 429-430, April 2010. (Source: Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue)

Commentary: How Can We Stem the Rising Tide of Multidrug‐Resistant Gram‐Negative Bacilli? •

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue — Mon, 01 Mar 2010 17:33:12 +0100

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, Volume 31, Issue 4, Page 338-340, April 2010. (Source: Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue)

A 5‐Year Epidemiological Study of Nosocomial Bloodstream Infections in a Neurosurgery Department •

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue — Mon, 01 Mar 2010 17:31:54 +0100

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, Volume 31, Issue 4, Page 414-417, April 2010. The characteristics of nosocomial bloodstream infections (BSIs) in a neurosurgical department were studied over a 5‐year period. The rate of nosocomial BSI was 3.0%. Gram‐negative bacteria were the most commonly isolated pathogens (65.9% of isolates). For all the pathogens isolated, the rate of resistance to commonly used antimicrobial agents was high. Of the 101 patients with nosocomial BSI, 50 (49.5%) died during their stay at the Department of Neurosurgery. At the same time, overall mortality rate among neurosurgical inpatients without nosocomial BSI was 5.4% (ie, 175 of 3,216 patients died). (Source: Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue)

The Effect of Rapid Screening for Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) on the Identification and Earlier Isolation of MRSA‐Positive Patients •

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue — Mon, 01 Mar 2010 17:28:46 +0100

Conclusions. Rapid screening with the Xpert MRSA PCR assay facilitated compliance with screening policies and the earlier isolation of MRSA‐positive patients. Discrepant results confirm that PCR testing should be used as a screening tool rather than as a diagnostic tool. (Source: Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue)

Commentary: Catheter‐Acquired Urinary Tract Infection: The Once and Future Guidelines •

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue — Mon, 01 Mar 2010 17:28:23 +0100

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, Volume 31, Issue 4, Page 327-329, April 2010. (Source: Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue)

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A Time‐Series Analysis of Clostridium difficile and Its Seasonal Association with Influenza •

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue — Mon, 01 Mar 2010 17:26:29 +0100

Conclusions. The epidemiologic characteristics of CDI follow a pattern that is seasonal and associated with influenza, which is likely due to antimicrobial use during influenza seasons. Approximately 23% of average monthly CDI during the peak 3 winter months could be eliminated if CDI remained at summer levels. (Source: Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue)

Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Colonization or Infection in Canada: National Surveillance and Changing Epidemiology, 1995–2007 •

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue — Mon, 01 Mar 2010 17:24:27 +0100

Conclusions. The overall incidence of both MRSA colonization and MRSA infection increased 17‐fold in Canadian hospitals from 1995 to 2007. There has also been a dramatic increase in cases of community‐associated MRSA infection due to the CMRSA‐10 (USA300) clone. Continued surveillance is needed to monitor the ongoing evolution of MRSA colonization or infection in Canada and globally. (Source: Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue)

Excess Costs and Utilization Associated with Methicillin Resistance for Patients with Staphylococcus aureus Infection •

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue — Mon, 01 Mar 2010 17:21:59 +0100

Conclusions. Resistance to methicillin in S. aureus was independently associated with increased costs. Effective antimicrobial stewardship and infection prevention programs are needed to prevent these costly infections. (Source: Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue)

Successful Control of an Outbreak of Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase–Producing K. pneumoniae at a Long‐Term Acute Care Hospital •

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue — Mon, 01 Mar 2010 17:21:42 +0100

Conclusion. A bundled intervention was successful in preventing horizontal spread of KPC‐producing gram‐negative rods in a long‐term acute care hospital, despite ongoing admission of patients colonized with KPC producers. (Source: Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue)

Control of an Outbreak of Carbapenem‐Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in Australia after Introduction of Environmental Cleaning with a Commercial Oxidizing Disinfectant •

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue — Mon, 01 Mar 2010 17:21:37 +0100

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, Volume 31, Issue 4, Page 418-420, April 2010. In the midst of an outbreak, carbapenem‐resistant Acinetobacter baumannii was grown from samples of multiple environmental sites in an intensive care unit. A commercial oxidizing disinfectant (potassium peroxomonosulphate 50%, sodium alkyl benzene sulphonate 15%, and sulphamic acid 5%) was introduced throughout the intensive care unit, and its use coincided with cessation of the outbreak. (Source: Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue)

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Risk Factors for Healthcare‐Associated, Laboratory‐Confirmed Influenza in Hospitalized Pediatric Patients: A Case‐Control Study •

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue — Mon, 01 Mar 2010 17:21:19 +0100

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, Volume 31, Issue 4, Page 421-424, April 2010. We conducted a case‐control study of 46 hospitalized pediatric patients with healthcare‐associated laboratory‐confirmed influenza (HA‐LCI). We sought to determine the characteristics and outcomes of children with HA‐LCI and to identify risk factors for HA‐LCI. Although we failed to identify any differences in clinical exposures during the 3 days prior to onset of HA‐LCI, multivariate analysis showed that asthma was an independent risk factor for HA‐LCI (odds ratio, 3.49 [95% confidence interval, 1.25–9.75]). (Source: Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue)

Hand Hygiene Noncompliance and the Cost of Hospital‐Acquired Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection •

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue — Mon, 01 Mar 2010 17:19:40 +0100

Conclusions. Hand hygiene noncompliance is associated with significant attributable hospital costs. Minimal improvements in compliance lead to substantial savings. (Source: Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue)

Estimating Attributable Mortality Due to Nosocomial Infections Acquired in Intensive Care Units •

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue — Mon, 01 Mar 2010 17:18:55 +0100

Conclusions. ICU‐acquired NI had an important effect on mortality. However, the statistical association between ICU‐acquired NI and mortality tended to be less pronounced in findings based on the PAF than in study findings based on estimates of relative risk. Therefore, the choice of methods does matter when the burden of NI needs to be assessed. (Source: Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue)

Targeted retrograde gene delivery of brain-derived neurotrophic factor suppresses apoptosis of neurons and oligodendroglia after spinal cord injury in rats.

Adv Data — Mon, 01 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION.: Our results suggest that targeted retrograde BDNF gene delivery suppresses apoptosis of neurons and oligodendrocytes in the injured rat spinal cord. PMID: 20190624 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Adv Data)

Neighborhood Disadvantage and Physical Activity: Baseline Results from the HABITAT Multilevel Longitudinal Study.

Annals of Epidemiology — Fri, 26 Feb 2010 12:54:25 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Neighborhoods may exert a contextual effect on the likelihood of residents participating in PA. The greater propensity of residents in advantaged neighborhoods to do high levels of total PA may contribute to lower rates of cardiovascular disease and obesity in these areas. PMID: 20159488 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Annals of Epidemiology)

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Lifestyle, Anthropometric, and Obesity-Related Physiologic Determinants of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994).

Annals of Epidemiology — Fri, 26 Feb 2010 12:54:22 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Age, adiposity, hyperglycemia, and metabolic syndrome influenced circulating IGF-1 concentrations. Diet and physical activity had no impact on IGF-1 in this nationally representative population. PMID: 20159489 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Annals of Epidemiology)

Correlates of Weight Patterns during Middle Age Characterized by Functional Principal Components Analysis.

Annals of Epidemiology — Fri, 26 Feb 2010 12:54:19 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Functional PCA described weight patterns during middle age. The strong associations between weight status at 25 years and overall weight status and cycling during middle age underscore the importance of addressing weight earlier in life. PMID: 20159490 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Annals of Epidemiology)

Body Composition Among HIV-Seropositive and HIV-Seronegative Adult Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Uganda.

Annals of Epidemiology — Fri, 26 Feb 2010 12:54:16 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Gender, but not HIV status, was associated with body composition changes in TB. TB appears to be the dominant factor driving the wasting process among co-infected patients. PMID: 20159491 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Annals of Epidemiology)

Predictors of Mortality in Elderly Subjects with Obstructive Airway Disease: The PILE Score.

Annals of Epidemiology — Fri, 26 Feb 2010 12:54:14 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Subjects with OAD have a wide gradient of risk for mortality that can potentially be incorporated in clinical decision making. PMID: 20159492 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Annals of Epidemiology)

Periconceptional Multivitamin Use and Infant Birth Weight Disparities.

Annals of Epidemiology — Fri, 26 Feb 2010 12:54:11 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: The present findings suggest MVI use may improve fetal growth and possibly gestational age in the offspring of African American women. PMID: 20159493 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Annals of Epidemiology)

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Am J Epidemiol; +16 new citations

Am J Epidemiol — Fri, 26 Feb 2010 12:06:02 +0100

16 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results: Am J Epidemiol These pubmed results were generated on 2010/02/26PubMed, a service of the National Library of Medicine, includes over 15 million citations for biomedical articles back to the 1950's. These citations are from MEDLINE and additional life science journals. PubMed includes links to many sites providing full text articles and other related resources. (Source: Am J Epidemiol)

The Effect of Rapid Screening for Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) on the Identification and Earlier Isolation of MRSA‐Positive Patients

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue — Fri, 26 Feb 2010 08:07:46 +0100

Global tuberculosis control: key findings from the December 2009 WHO report.

Weekly Epidemiological Record — Fri, 26 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: PMID: 20210259 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Weekly Epidemiological Record)

Presumptive abortive human rabies --- Texas, 2009.

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... — Fri, 26 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

This report describes the clinical course and laboratory findings of an adolescent girl with encephalitis who had not had rabies vaccination and who had been exposed to bats 2 months before illness. Antibodies to rabies virus were detected in specimens of the girl's serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFA). However, the presence of rabies VNA was not detected until after she had received single doses of rabies vaccine and human rabies immune globulin (HRIG). Although the patient required multiple hospitalizations and follow-up visits for recurrent neurologic symptoms, she survived without intensive care. No alternate etiology was determined, and abortive human rabies (defined in this report as recovery from rabies without intensive care) was diagnosed...

Multistate outbreak of human salmonella typhimurium infections associated with pet turtle exposure --- United States, 2008.

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... — Fri, 26 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

This report summarizes the results of that investigation, which identified 135 cases in 25 states and the District of Columbia; 45% were in children aged </=5 years. Among 70 patients with primary infection, 37% reported turtle exposure, of which 81% was to small turtles most commonly purchased from street vendors. A matched case-control study showed a significant association between illness and exposure to turtles (matched odds ratio [mOR] = 16.5). Increasing enforcement of existing local, state, and federal regulations against the sale of small turtles, increasing penalties for illegal sales, and enacting more state and local laws regulating the sale of small turtles (e.g., requiring Salmonella awareness education at the point-of-sale), could augment federal prevention efforts. PM...

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The Inguinal Skin: An Important Site of Colonization with Extended‐Spectrum β‐Lactamase–Producing Enterobacteriaceae

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue — Thu, 25 Feb 2010 19:30:19 +0100

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Latest Articles. (Source: Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue)

A 5‐Year Epidemiological Study of Nosocomial Bloodstream Infections in a Neurosurgery Department

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue — Thu, 25 Feb 2010 19:29:11 +0100

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Latest Articles. The characteristics of nosocomial bloodstream infections (BSIs) in a neurosurgical department were studied over a 5‐year period. The rate of nosocomial BSI was 3.0%. Gram‐negative bacteria were the most commonly isolated pathogens (65.9% of isolates). For all the pathogens isolated, the rate of resistance to commonly used antimicrobial agents was high. Of the 101 patients with nosocomial BSI, 50 (49.5%) died during their stay at the Department of Neurosurgery. At the same time, overall mortality rate among neurosurgical inpatients without nosocomial BSI was 5.4% (ie, 175 of 3,216 patients died). (Source: Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue)

Risk Factors for Healthcare‐Associated, Laboratory‐Confirmed Influenza in Hospitalized Pediatric Patients: A Case‐Control Study

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue — Thu, 25 Feb 2010 19:26:50 +0100

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Latest Articles. We conducted a case‐control study of 46 hospitalized pediatric patients with healthcare‐associated laboratory‐confirmed influenza (HA‐LCI). We sought to determine the characteristics and outcomes of children with HA‐LCI and to identify risk factors for HA‐LCI. Although we failed to identify any differences in clinical exposures during the 3 days prior to onset of HA‐LCI, multivariate analysis showed that asthma was an independent risk factor for HA‐LCI (odds ratio, 3.49 [95% confidence interval, 1.25–9.75]). (Source: Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue)

Hand Hygiene Noncompliance and the Cost of Hospital‐Acquired Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue — Thu, 25 Feb 2010 19:25:00 +0100

Factors Associated with Recovery of Multidrug‐Resistant Bacteria in a Combat Support Hospital in Iraq

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue — Thu, 25 Feb 2010 14:11:44 +0100

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Latest Articles. (Source: Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue)

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Excess Costs and Utilization Associated with Methicillin Resistance for Patients with Staphylococcus aureus Infection

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue — Thu, 25 Feb 2010 14:08:36 +0100

A Time‐Series Analysis of Clostridium difficile and Its Seasonal Association with Influenza

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue — Tue, 23 Feb 2010 08:09:16 +0100

Needlestick Injury Rates According to Different Types of Safety‐Engineered Devices: Results of a French Multicenter Study

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue — Mon, 22 Feb 2010 21:52:58 +0100

Use of Central Venous Catheter and Peripheral Venous Catheter as Risk Factors for Nosocomial Bloodstream Infection in Very‐Low‐Birth‐Weight Infants

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue — Mon, 22 Feb 2010 21:52:41 +0100

Child Care Center Exclusion Policies and Directors’ Opinions on the Use of Antibiotics

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue — Mon, 22 Feb 2010 21:52:37 +0100

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Latest Articles. We studied exclusion policies and child care center directors’ opinions regarding antibiotic use for childhood illnesses. Among 135 respondents, 96.9% reported that they had written policies on exclusion of children for acute illnesses. Although 52.4% of respondents agreed that children are prescribed antibiotics unnecessarily, 89.1% believed that parents pressure physicians to prescribe unnecessary antibiotics. (Source: Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue)

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Natural History of Colonization with Gram‐Negative Multidrug‐Resistant Organisms among Hospitalized Patients

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue — Mon, 22 Feb 2010 21:51:04 +0100

Child Care Center Directors’ Opinions, Overuse of Antibiotics, and Social Policy

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue — Mon, 22 Feb 2010 21:50:59 +0100

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Latest Articles. (Source: Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue)

How Can We Stem the Rising Tide of Multidrug‐Resistant Gram‐Negative Bacilli?

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue — Mon, 22 Feb 2010 21:50:20 +0100

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Latest Articles. (Source: Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue)

Control of an Outbreak of Carbapenem‐Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in Australia after Introduction of Environmental Cleaning with a Commercial Oxidizing Disinfectant

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue — Mon, 22 Feb 2010 21:46:44 +0100

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Latest Articles. In the midst of an outbreak, carbapenem‐resistant Acinetobacter baumannii was grown from samples of multiple environmental sites in an intensive care unit. A commercial oxidizing disinfectant (potassium peroxomonosulphate 50%, sodium alkyl benzene sulphonate 15%, and sulphamic acid 5%) was introduced throughout the intensive care unit, and its use coincided with cessation of the outbreak. (Source: Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue)

Successful Control of an Outbreak of Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase–Producing K. pneumoniae at a Long‐Term Acute Care Hospital

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue — Mon, 22 Feb 2010 21:46:13 +0100

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Associations Between Duration of Illicit Drug Use and Health Conditions: Results from the 2005–2007 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health

Annals of Epidemiology — Mon, 22 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: This study provides initial analyses on the relationships between illicit drug use and health conditions based on a large nationally representative sample. These results can help prepare for treating health problems among former and continuing illicit drug users. (Source: Annals of Epidemiology)

Physical Activity, Cognitive Function, and Mortality in a US National Cohort

Annals of Epidemiology — Mon, 22 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: In a nationwide cohort of older Americans, analyses demonstrated a lower risk of death independent of confounders among those with frequent LTPA. Much of the effect of low cognitive function could be explained by other risk factors at ages 60 to 74 but not 75 years and older. (Source: Annals of Epidemiology)

Meningitis in Chad, Niger and Nigeria: 2009 epidemic season.

Weekly Epidemiological Record — Fri, 19 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: PMID: 20210043 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Weekly Epidemiological Record)

Nipah virus fact sheet (revised in July 2009).

Weekly Epidemiological Record — Fri, 19 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: PMID: 20210044 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Weekly Epidemiological Record)

Dietary Calcium and Magnesium Intake and Mortality: A Prospective Study of Men.

Am J Epidemiol — Fri, 19 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Kaluza J, Orsini N, Levitan EB, Brzozowska A, Roszkowski W, Wolk A The authors examined the association of dietary calcium and magnesium intake with all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer mortality among 23,366 Swedish men, aged 45-79 years, who did not use dietary supplements. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the multivariate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals of mortality. From baseline 1998 through December 2007, 2,358 deaths from all causes were recorded in the Swedish population registry; through December 2006, 819 CVD and 738 cancer deaths were recorded in the Swedish cause-of-death registry. Dietary calcium was associated with a statistically significant lower rate of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.75, 95%...

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The Changing Distribution and Determinants of Obesity in the Neighborhoods of New York City, 2003-2007.

Am J Epidemiol — Fri, 19 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

This study characterized the individual- and neighborhood-level determinants and distribution of obesity in New York City from 2003 to 2007. Individual-level data from the Community Health Survey (n = 48,506 adults, 34 neighborhoods) were combined with neighborhood measures. Multilevel regression assessed changes in obesity over time and associations with neighborhood-level income and food and physical activity amenities, controlling for age, racial/ethnic identity, education, employment, US nativity, and marital status, stratified by gender. Obesity rates increased by 1.6% (P < 0.05) each year, but changes over time differed significantly between neighborhoods and by gender. Obesity prevalence increased for women, even after controlling for individual- and neighborhood-level factors (p...

Prospective Study of Dietary Fiber and Risk of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Among US Women and Men.

Am J Epidemiol — Fri, 19 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Varraso R, Willett WC, Camargo CA Little is known about the relation between dietary fiber intake and the incidence of respiratory diseases, especially chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The authors investigated this issue among 111,580 US women and men (Nurses' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Study), with 832 cases of newly diagnosed COPD being reported between 1984 and 2000. The cumulative average intake of total fiber and of fiber from specific sources (cereal, fruit, and vegetables) was calculated from food frequency questionnaires and a food composition database and divided into quintiles. After adjustment for 11 factors (age, sex, smoking, energy intake, body mass index, US region, physician visits, physical activity, diabetes, and intakes of o...

Adult use of prescription opioid pain medications --- utah, 2008.

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... — Fri, 19 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Fatal and nonfatal overdoses from prescription pain medications have increased in recent years in Utah and throughout the nation. In 2008, the Utah Department of Health added 12 questions to the state's Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey to better understand how state residents obtain and use prescription pain medication. Findings from the survey indicated that an estimated 20.8% of Utah adults aged >/=18 years had been prescribed an opioid pain medication during the preceding 12 months. Of those prescribed an opioid pain medication, 3.2% reported using their medication more frequently or in higher doses than had been directed by their doctor; 72.0% reported having leftover medication, and 71.0% of those with leftover medication reported that they h...

Syphilis outbreak among american indians --- Arizona, 2007--2009.

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... — Fri, 19 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

This report summarizes the enhanced outbreak response, which identified a total of 106 cases of syphilis with onset from January 2007 to June 2009, including six congenital cases (two of them stillbirths). Initial communication gaps led to delays in response to this outbreak, but communication was improved through the formation of an outbreak response group that included members from county, state, and tribal health departments and IHS. For similar outbreaks in American Indian tribes, where various public health jurisdictions exist and often have concurrent responsibilities, formation of an outbreak response group can improve control efforts. PMID: 20168294 [PubMed - in process] (Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl...)

Outbreak of 2009 Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) on a Peruvian Navy Ship --- June--July 2009.

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... — Fri, 19 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

This report summarizes the results of that investigation, which indicated that, of the 85 patients with FARI, 78 (92%) tested positive for pandemic H1N1 by rRT-PCR. The attack rate for confirmed pandemic H1N1 influenza was 22.0%. The most frequent symptoms, other than fever, were cough, headache, nasal congestion, and malaise. No complications or deaths occurred. Patients were treated according to World Health Organization (WHO) influenza treatment guidelines; six patients received antiviral medication because of preexisting comorbidities. A shipboard respiratory surveillance program, which had been implemented aboard the ship before its departure from Peru, permitted the early detection of the outbreak. Subsequent implementation of control measures might have slowed the outbreak. Laborato...

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Am J Epidemiol; +20 new citations

Am J Epidemiol — Thu, 18 Feb 2010 23:50:03 +0100

20 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results: Am J Epidemiol These pubmed results were generated on 2010/02/18PubMed, a service of the National Library of Medicine, includes over 15 million citations for biomedical articles back to the 1950's. These citations are from MEDLINE and additional life science journals. PubMed includes links to many sites providing full text articles and other related resources. (Source: Am J Epidemiol)

Chromosome 5p Region SNPs Are Associated with Risk of NSCLC among Women

Journal of Cancer Epidemiology — Thu, 18 Feb 2010 16:00:17 +0100

In a population-based case-control study, we explored the associations between 42 polymorphisms in seven genes in this region and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) risk among Caucasian (364 cases; 380 controls) and African American (95 cases; 103 controls) women. Two TERT region SNPs, rs2075786 and rs2853677, conferred an increased risk of developing NSCLC, especially among African American women, and TERT-rs2735940 was associated with a decreased risk of lung cancer among African Americans. Five of the 20 GHR polymorphisms and SEPP1-rs6413428 were associated with a marginally increased risk of NSCLC among Caucasians. Random forest analysis reinforced the importance of GHR among Caucasians and identified AMACR, TERT, and GHR among African Americans, which were also significant using gene-...

Associations Between Duration of Illicit Drug Use and Health Conditions: Results from the 2005-2007 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health.

Annals of Epidemiology — Thu, 18 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: This study provides initial analyses on the relationships between illicit drug use and health conditions based on a large nationally representative sample. These results can help prepare for treating health problems among former and continuing illicit drug users. PMID: 20171900 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Annals of Epidemiology)

Physical Activity, Cognitive Function, and Mortality in a US National Cohort.

Annals of Epidemiology — Thu, 18 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: In a nationwide cohort of older Americans, analyses demonstrated a lower risk of death independent of confounders among those with frequent LTPA. Much of the effect of low cognitive function could be explained by other risk factors at ages 60 to 74 but not 75 years and older. PMID: 20171901 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Annals of Epidemiology)

MedWorm: Epidemiology

Economic Burden of Ventilator‐Associated Pneumonia Based on Total Resource Utilization

Causes of Death and Incidence of Cancer in a Cohort of Australian Pesticide-Exposed Workers.

Factors Associated with Increased Healthcare Worker Influenza Vaccination Rates: Results from a National Survey of University Hospitals and Medical Centers

Determinants of serum cotinine and hair cotinine as biomarkers of childhood secondhand smoke exposure

Daily intake of bisphenol A and potential sources of exposure: 2005–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Kids, Adolescents, and Young Adults Cancer Study—A Methodologic Approach in Cancer Epidemiology Research

Observational prospective study of viral infections in children undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation: a 3-year GETMON experience.

Model-Based Estimation of Viral Transmissibility and Infection-Induced Resistance From the Age-Dependent Prevalence of Infection for 14 High-Risk Types of Human Papillomavirus.

Hormonal and Sex Impact on the Epidemiology of Canine Lymphoma

Prevalence of USA300 Strain Type of Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus among Patients with Nasal Colonization Identified with Active Surveillance

Masthead

Table of Contents

Information for Authors

Causes of Death and Incidence of Cancer in a Cohort of Australian Pesticide-Exposed Workers

Editorial Board

Progress towards eradicating poliomyelitis in Afghanistan and Pakistan, 2009.

Antigenic and genetic characteristics of influenza A(H5N1) and influenza A(H9N2) viruses and candidate vaccine viruses developed for potential use in human vaccines - February 2010.

Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP).

Invasive pneumococcal disease in young children before licensure of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine --- United States, 2007.

Licensure of a 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV13) and Recommendations for Use Among Children --- Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2010.

Short-term effects of health-care coverage legislation --- massachusetts, 2008.

Progress toward poliomyelitis eradication --- afghanistan and pakistan, 2009.

Licensure of a Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine (Menveo) and Guidance for Use --- Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2010.

Table of contents.

Subscriptions.

Editorial board.

Cover.

Parabens in urine, serum and seminal plasma from healthy Danish men determined by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS)

Estimating the half-lives of PCB congeners in former capacitor workers measured over a 28-year interval

The authors reply

Re: "effect of supplemental folic acid in pregnancy on childhood asthma: a prospective birth cohort study"

The authors reply

Re: "cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between objectively measured sleep duration and body mass index: the cardia sleep study"

Birth Weight and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in the Maternal Grandparents

Untreated Poor Vision: A Contributing Factor to Late-Life Dementia

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Completed Suicide

Prospective Associations of Insomnia Markers and Symptoms With Depression

Soft Drink and Juice Consumption and Risk of Physician-diagnosed Incident Type 2 Diabetes: The Singapore Chinese Health Study

Time Scale and Adjusted Survival Curves for Marginal Structural Cox Models

Pooling Dietary Data Using Questionnaires With Open-ended and Predefined Responses: Implications for Comparing Mean Intake or Estimating Odds Ratios

Messer et al. Respond to "Positivity in Practice"

Cheng et al. Respond to "Positivity in Practice"

Invited Commentary: Positivity in Practice

Effects of Socioeconomic and Racial Residential Segregation on Preterm Birth: A Cautionary Tale of Structural Confounding

The Association Between Persistent Fetal Occiput Posterior Position and Perinatal Outcomes: An Example of Propensity Score and Covariate Distance Matching

The Association Between the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-{gamma}2 (PPARG2) Pro12Ala Gene Variant and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A HuGE Review and Meta-Analysis

Irregular Heavy Drinking Occasions and Risk of Ischemic Heart Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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Editorial Board

Cover

Case‐Crossover Study of Burkholderia cepacia Complex Bloodstream Infection Associated with Contaminated Intravenous Bromopride

Recommended viruses for influenza vaccines for use in the 2010-2011 northern hemisphere influenza season.

Malaria acquired in haiti --- 2010.

Identifying infants with hearing loss --- United States, 1999--2007.

Severe isoniazid-associated liver injuries among persons being treated for latent tuberculosis infection --- United States, 2004--2008.

Respiratory syncytial virus activity --- United States, july 2008--december 2009.

Evidence from the 2001 English Census on the contribution of employment status to the social gradient in self-rated health

Impact of the demerit point system on road traffic accident mortality in Spain

Association of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and atopic eczema modified by sleep disturbance in a large population-based sample

Ethnic differences in informed decision-making about prenatal screening for Down's syndrome

Sense of coherence and psychiatric morbidity: a 19-year register-based prospective study

Ten-year increase in the prevalence of obesity and reduction in fat intake in Brazilian women aged 35 years and older

International migration and adverse birth outcomes: role of ethnicity, region of origin and destination

A quick self-assessment tool to identify individuals at high risk of type 2 diabetes in the Chinese general population

Job stressors and long-term sick leave due to depressive disorders among Japanese male employees: findings from the Japan Work Stress and Health Cohort study

Association of traffic-related air pollution with cognitive development in children

Seafood consumption in pregnancy and infant size at birth: results from a prospective Spanish cohort

Yesterday once more? Unemployment and health in the 21st century

Categorical versus continuous risk factors and the calculation of potential impact fractions

Denormalising smoking in the classroom: does it cause bullying?

The neighbourhood matters: studying exposures relevant to childhood obesity and the policy implications in Leeds, UK

Barriers for the prevention of chemical exposures in pregnant and breast-feeding workers?

Inconsistent epidemiological findings on fish consumption may be indirect evidence of harmful contaminants in fish

Candidate gene-environment interactions

A transition to plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs): why public health professionals must care

Statistical modeling of volume of alcohol exposure for epidemiological studies of population health: the US example

Landscape-epidemiological study design to investigate an environmentally based disease

Internal exposure to pollutants and sexual maturation in Flemish adolescents

Fasting Plasma Insulin, C-Peptide and Cognitive Change in Older Men without Diabetes: Results from the Physicians Health Study II

Incidence of Lobar and Non-Lobar Spontaneous Intracerebral Haemorrhage in a Predominantly Hispanic-Mestizo Population The PISCIS Stroke Project: A Community-Based Prospective Study in Iquique, Chile