MedWorm: Gastroenterology

Laparoscopic rectal resection acceptable for octogenarians

MedWire News - Gastroenterology — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 21:06:53 +0100

Laparoscopic surgery shortens hospital stay in octogenarian patients undergoing rectal surgery compared with an open approach and does not significantly affect other markers of outcome, indicates research published in Colorectal Disease. (Source: MedWire News - Gastroenterology)

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Editorial Board

Digestive and Liver Disease — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 21:06:35 +0100

(Source: Digestive and Liver Disease)

Diary of meetings

Colorectal Disease — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 21:06:05 +0100

(Source: Colorectal Disease)

Gemellus

Colorectal Disease — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 21:06:03 +0100

(Source: Colorectal Disease)

Impact of early reoperation after resection for colorectal cancer on long‐term oncological outcomes

Colorectal Disease — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 21:05:54 +0100

Conclusions Compared with non‐reoperated patients matched for patient, tumour and operative characteristics, patients reoperated in the early postoperative period have worse long‐term oncological outcomes. Adoption of strategies to reduce the risk of reoperation may be associated with the additional advantage of improved oncological outcomes in addition to the short‐term advantages. (Source: Colorectal Disease)

Timing of rectosigmoid resection for diverticular disease: the patient’s view

Colorectal Disease — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 21:05:52 +0100

Conclusion Surgery for recurrent diverticulitis resulted in a marked improvement or complete relief of symptoms in 88% of patients. A large proportion of patients with recurrent episodes of sigmoid diverticulitis would have preferred earlier resection. (Source: Colorectal Disease)

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Online‐Only Abstracts

Colorectal Disease — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 21:05:42 +0100

(Source: Colorectal Disease)

Short‐course preoperative radiotherapy prior to abdominoperineal resection for Stage I low rectal cancer; evidence based or defensive medicine?

Colorectal Disease — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 21:05:39 +0100

(Source: Colorectal Disease)

Re: A proposal for the annotation of recurrent colorectal cancer

Colorectal Disease — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 21:05:37 +0100

(Source: Colorectal Disease)

Reply to Miss Clark

Colorectal Disease — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 21:05:35 +0100

(Source: Colorectal Disease)

Outcome of right‐ and left‐sided colonic and rectal cancer following surgical resection Suttie SA, Shaikh I, Mullen R et al. Colorectal Dis 2011; 13: 884–9.

Colorectal Disease — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 21:05:33 +0100

(Source: Colorectal Disease)

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It’s the procedure not the patient: the operative approach is independently associated with an increased risk of complications after rectal prolapse repair

Colorectal Disease — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 21:05:26 +0100

Conclusion A perineal approach is safer than an abdominal approach to the treatment of rectal prolapse. Regarding an abdominal operation, rectopexy has fewer major complications than resection. (Source: Colorectal Disease)

Electrical stimulation of the dorsal clitoral nerve reduces incontinence episodes in idiopathic faecal incontinent patients: a pilot study

Colorectal Disease — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 21:05:22 +0100

Conclusion DGN stimulation reduced the number of FI episodes in most patients suffering from idiopathic FI. Sphincter function and rectal volume tolerability were not affected. DGN stimulation may represent a new treatment for idiopathic FI. (Source: Colorectal Disease)

Botulinum A toxin as a treatment for overactive rectum with associated faecal incontinence

Colorectal Disease — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 21:05:20 +0100

Conclusion Patients with an ‘overactive rectum’ are a heterogeneous group, with varying causes of dysfunction. The dose of BT used was arbitrarily selected. Nevertheless, the study introduces a further therapeutic option in the treatment of FI caused by rectal overactivity. (Source: Colorectal Disease)

Gender of the patient may influence perioperative and long‐term complications after restorative proctocolectomy

Colorectal Disease — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 21:05:18 +0100

Conclusion The gender of the patient seems to be associated with specific differences in preoperative variables and postoperative outcomes for patients undergoing IPAA. (Source: Colorectal Disease)

Mild colonic diverticulitis can be treated without antibiotics. a case–control study

Colorectal Disease — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 21:05:15 +0100

Conclusion Antibiotics can be omitted in selected patients with mild colonic diverticulitis and should be given on indication only. (Source: Colorectal Disease)

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Adherence to national guidelines for surveillance after curative resection of nonmetastatic colon and rectum cancer: a survey among Norwegian gastrointestinal surgeons

Colorectal Disease — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 21:05:13 +0100

Conclusion All hospitals reported having a strategy for surveillance after surgery for colon and rectal cancer, but there was considerable variance in strategy. A scientific audit of the true level of compliance, effectiveness and cost‐benefit is warranted at a national level. (Source: Colorectal Disease)

Commentary on Latkauskas et al.

Colorectal Disease — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 21:05:06 +0100

(Source: Colorectal Disease)

Initial results of a randomized controlled trial comparing clinical and pathological downstaging of rectal cancer after preoperative short‐course radiotherapy or long‐term chemoradiotherapy, both with delayed surgery

Colorectal Disease — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 21:05:04 +0100

Conclusion Long‐course preoperative chemoradiation resulted in greater statistically significant tumour downsizing and downstaging compared with short‐term radiation, but there was no difference in the R0 resection rates. Similar postoperative morbidity was observed in each group. (Source: Colorectal Disease)

Hospital discharge criteria following colorectal surgery:a systematic review

Colorectal Disease — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 21:05:00 +0100

Conclusion A variety of hospital discharge criteria were applied in the colorectal surgery literature. Development of standardized criteria will allow more accurate comparison of results between studies assessing hospital length of stay or other discharge‐related outcome measures. (Source: Colorectal Disease)

Co‐publication agreement between Colorectal Disease and the Cochrane Colorectal Cancer Group

Colorectal Disease — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 21:04:56 +0100

(Source: Colorectal Disease)

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Perineal hernia repair after abdomino‐perineal resection; a pooled analysis

Colorectal Disease — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 20:59:40 +0100

Conclusion: From this limited and biased data based on published case descriptions, it appears that the recurrence rate of primary perineal hernia repair after APR is lower with the use of a mesh or other assisted closure in comparison to primary suture repair. (Source: Colorectal Disease)

Smooth muscle caldesmon modulates peristalsis in the wild type and non‐innervated zebrafish intestine

Neurogastroenterology and Motility — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 20:46:44 +0100

Conclusions & Inferences Disruption of the normal inhibitory function of h‐CaD enhances intestinal peristalsis in both wild‐type zebrafish larvae and mutant larvae that lack enteric nerves, thus confirming a physiologic role for regulation of smooth muscle contraction at the actin filament. (Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility)

Effects of effortful swallow on esophageal function in healthy adults

Neurogastroenterology and Motility — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 20:46:36 +0100

Conclusions & Inferences With improved manometric instrumentation, larger participant numbers, and methodology that controlled for potential confounding factors, this study confirms and advances the results of the previous pilot study: Volitional manipulation of the oropharyngeal phase of swallowing using the effortful swallow indeed affects esophageal physiology. Thus, the effortful swallow offers a behavioral manipulation of the esophageal phase of swallowing, and future studies will determine its clinical potential for treating esophageal dysmotility in patient populations. (Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility)

Novel insights in the role of peripheral corticotropin‐releasing factor and mast cells in stress‐induced visceral hypersensitivity

Neurogastroenterology and Motility — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 20:46:24 +0100

AbstractVisceral hypersensitivity is one of the hallmarks in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) pathophysiology. Stress is well known to affect visceral sensitivity in humans and rodents, an effect which is associated in part with alterations of intestinal epithelial permeability in rodents. Although the pathophysiology of visceral hypersensitivity is still unclear, two key factors have been identified as playing a major role in its modulation, namely peripheral corticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF) and mast cells. In a recent study in Neurogastroenterology and Motility, van den Wijngaard et al. demonstrate that the mast‐cell dependent visceral hypersensitivity observed in maternally separated rats after an acute exposure to a psychological stress can be prevented but not reversed by the p...

In vivo dynamic imaging of intestinal motions using diet‐related autofluorescence

Neurogastroenterology and Motility — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 20:45:37 +0100

Conclusions & Inferences This simple, but unexplored imaging technique can provide a means to monitor intestinal motility disorders and response to therapeutic agents. (Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility)

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Analysis of Delayed Bleeding after Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Gastric Epithelial Neoplasms

Experimental Diabetes Research — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 19:49:39 +0100

Conclusion. Ulcer presence/absence was considered the most significant predictor of post-ESD bleeding. (Source: Experimental Diabetes Research)

FDA Issues Warning on Acid Reflux Drugs

MedPage Today Gastroenterology — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 19:43:03 +0100

(MedPage Today) -- The FDA warned today that use of proton pump inhibitors -- including popular brands such as Nexium, Prilosec, and Prevacid -- may increase the risk of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. (Source: MedPage Today Gastroenterology)

Analysis of Delayed Bleeding after Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Gastric Epithelial Neoplasms

Advances in Pharmacological Sciences — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 18:37:00 +0100

Conclusion. Ulcer presence/absence was considered the most significant predictor of post-ESD bleeding. (Source: Advances in Pharmacological Sciences)

Proton Pump Inhibitors Linked to C difficile DiarrheaProton Pump Inhibitors Linked to C difficile Diarrhea

Medscape Today Headlines — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 17:51:27 +0100

The FDA is warning that PPIs may be associated with a higher risk for Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea, a persistent illness that comes with abdominal pain and fever. News Alerts (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

Adjuvant Chemotherapy Slows Gastric CancerAdjuvant Chemotherapy Slows Gastric Cancer

Medscape Today Headlines — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 13:27:06 +0100

When gastric cancer is operable, a chemotherapy combination improves disease-free survival after surgery, according to a large trial. Medscape Medical News (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

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FDA Grants Imatinib (Gleevec) Full Approval for Adjuvant Treatment of GIST

Cancer Network — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 13:00:02 +0100

The FDA has granted imatinib full approval as an adjuvant treatment following surgical removal of CD117-positive gastrointestinal stromal tumors in adult patients. This comes after results from a phase III trial showed that patients taking imatinib for 36 months had a 5-year overall survival of 92%, compared to 82% for those patients who took the drug for the standard 12 months of treatment. (Source: Cancer Network)

No Increase in Intussusception With Rotavirus Vaccine (CME/CE, with video)

MedPage Today Gastroenterology — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 13:00:00 +0100

(MedPage Today) -- The risk of intussusception was not elevated in U.S. infants who received the current pentavalent rotavirus vaccine, easing concerns raised by earlier studies, researchers found. (Source: MedPage Today Gastroenterology)

The Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor as a Marker of Dysplastic Alterations in Cervical Epithelial Cells

Karger Publishers — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 12:48:07 +0100

Oncology 2012;82:90-97 (DOI:10.1159/000335955) (Source: Karger Publishers)

Kids’ Diarrhea Vaccine Appears Safe After All: Study

The Doctors Lounge - Gastroenterology — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Risk of intestinal side effect didn't rise; children should be vaccinated, experts say (Source: The Doctors Lounge - Gastroenterology)

Incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma and response to interferon therapy in HCV‐infected patients: effect of factors associated with the therapeutic response and incidence of HCC

Liver International — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: Liver International)

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Chronic fatigue syndrome after Giardia enteritis: clinical characteristics, disability and long-term sickness absence.

BMC Gastroenterology — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: After giardiasis enteritis at least 5% developed clinical characteristics and functional impairment comparable to previously described post-infectious fatigue syndrome. (Source: BMC Gastroenterology)

Do gastric adverse events influence the choice of bisphosphonate for the treatment of osteoporosis?

NeLM - Medicines Q and A — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Source: Regional Drug and Therapeutics Centre Area: Evidence > Medicines Q & A The bisphosphonates are a group of drugs used to reduce bone turnover in conditions including osteoporosis, Paget's disease, and bone malignancies. The therapeutic effect is achieved by inhibiting bone resorption. As a group the bisphosphonates are generally well tolerated, but have a well documented adverse effect (AE) profile, and gastrointestinal effects are a known issue. Strict administration requirements have been introduced to reduce the risk of oesophageal AEs, and inability to meet these requirements is considered a contraindication to treatment. There have been reports of pain, nausea, vomiting and gastric ulcers associated with bisphosphonate use. (Source: NeLM - ...

Determining Virological Response in Chronic HCV Patients Determining Virological Response in Chronic HCV Patients

Medscape Today Headlines — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 04:00:00 +0100

At what point in a treatment regimen is it optimal to determine virological response in chronic hepatitis C? Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

Peginterferon for Recurrent HCV After Liver TransplantationPeginterferon for Recurrent HCV After Liver Transplantation

Medscape Today Headlines — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 04:00:00 +0100

This study explores the therapeutic options. Journal of Viral Hepatitis (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

Small-bowel Mucosal Changes in Celiac DiseaseSmall-bowel Mucosal Changes in Celiac Disease

Medscape Today Headlines — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 04:00:00 +0100

How much of a gluten dose should be given to a patient to determine if they have celiac disease? This new study explains. BMC Gastroenterology (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

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Antibiotic treatment ineffective for uncomplicated diverticulitis

MedWire News - Gastroenterology — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 00:00:00 +0100

Antibiotic treatment for acute uncomplicated diverticulitis fails to accelerate recovery or prevent complications or recurrence, shows research. (Source: MedWire News - Gastroenterology)

Caribbean cruise cut short by illness

CNN.com - Health — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 23:44:26 +0100

Passengers on the Crown Princess are coming home early from a Caribbean cruise, thanks to a second nasty outbreak of gastrointestinal illness. (Source: CNN.com - Health)

Symptom-specific associations between low cortisol responses and functional somatic symptoms: The TRAILS study

Psychoneuroendocrinology — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 14:13:24 +0100

Conclusion: Two clusters of FSS are differentially associated with the stress hormone cortisol. (Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology)

Impact of serosal involvement/extramural growth on the risk of synchronous and metachronous peritoneal spread in gastrointestinal stromal tumors: proposal for a macroscopic classification of GIST.

International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 13:36:02 +0100

CONCLUSION: this study points to extramural growth as a predictor of peritoneal recurrence in GIST, probably as a consequence of tumor rupture or due to microscopic serosal penetration. This study aimed at alerting surgical pathologists to the importance of careful gross and microscopic assessment of resection specimen harboring GIST to allow for reliable prospective evaluation of serosal involvement as an adverse prognostic factor in GIST. PMID: 22295142 [PubMed - in process] (Source: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology)

Pathologic observations of the duodenum in 615 consecutive duodenal specimens: I. benign lesions.

International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 13:36:02 +0100

Authors: Terada T Abstract The author investigated histopathology of 615 consecutive duodenal specimens in our pathology laboratory. Computer search of the duodenal lesions was performed. Review of histological slides was done, when appropriate. The duodenal specimens were composed of 567 benign lesions and 48 malignant lesions. The 567 benign lesions were composed of chronic non-specific duodenitis in 334 cases (60.0%), duodenal ulcer in 101 cases (17,8%), heterotopic gastric mucosa in 81 cases (14.3%), hyperplastic polyp in 16 cases (2.8%), Brunner's gland hyperplasia in 14 cases (2.5%), Brunner's gland adenoma in 8 cases (1.4%), lymphoid polyp in 5 cases (0.8%), tubular adenoma in 4 cases (0.7%), lymphangioma in 2 cases (0.4%), endocrine nests in 1 case (0.2%), and amyloidosis i...

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A systematic review on use of Chinese medicine and acupuncture for treatment of obesity

Obesity Reviews — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 10:43:24 +0100

SummaryObesity is a major health hazard and despite lifestyle modification, many patients frequently regain any lost body weight. The use of western anti‐obesity drugs has been limited by side effects including mood changes, suicidal thoughts, and gastrointestinal or cardiovascular complications. The effectiveness and safety of traditional Chinese medicine including Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) and acupuncture provide an alternative established therapy for this medical challenge. In this systematic review, we used standard methodologies to search, review, analyse and synthesize published data on the efficacy, safety and relapse of weight regain associated with use of CHM and acupuncture. We also examined the rationale, mechanisms and potential utility of these therapies. A total of 12 e...

Hard-Boiled Egg Recall Hits 34 States

MedicineNet Crohn's Disease General — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 07:00:00 +0100

Title: Hard-Boiled Egg Recall Hits 34 StatesCategory: Health NewsCreated: 2/7/2012 11:00:00 AMLast Editorial Review: 2/7/2012 (Source: MedicineNet Crohn's Disease General)

Health Highlights: Feb. 6, 2012

MedicineNet Crohn's Disease General — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 07:00:00 +0100

Title: Health Highlights: Feb. 6, 2012Category: Health NewsCreated: 2/6/2012 2:05:00 PMLast Editorial Review: 2/7/2012 (Source: MedicineNet Crohn's Disease General)

Insomnia

MedicineNet Crohn's Disease General — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 07:00:00 +0100

Title: InsomniaCategory: Diseases and ConditionsCreated: 6/6/2005Last Editorial Review: 2/7/2012 (Source: MedicineNet Crohn's Disease General)

Cytotoxic Triterpenoid Saponins from Ardisia gigantifolia

Planta Medica — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Planta MedDOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1298254AbstractThree new triterpenoid saponins, 1–3, together with two known saponins, 4 and 5, were isolated from the rhizome of Ardisia gigantifolia. Their structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic studies. Saponins 1, 2, 4, and 5 exhibited significant cytotoxicity against four human cancer cell lines, namely, Hela human cervical carcinoma cells, EJ human bladder tumor cells, HepG-2 human hepatoma cells, and BCG human gastric carcinoma cells with IC50 values in the range of 1.9–4.8 µM.[...]© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New YorkArticle in Thieme eJournals:Table of contents | Abstract | Full text (Source: Planta Medica)

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Re‐prescribing of causative drugs in persons discharged after serious drug‐induced upper gastrointestinal bleeding

Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

ConclusionsDrugs with antihaemostatic action are re‐prescribed to a large extent after an episode of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, but usually covered by PPIs. This use of PPI is specific for users of drugs with antihaemostatic action. (Source: Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics)

Ginsenoside Re: Its chemistry, metabolism and pharmacokinetics

Chinese Medicine — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Ginsenosides, the bioactive components of ginseng, can be divided into two major groups, namely 20(S)-protopanaxatriol (e.g. Re, Rg1, Rg2, and Rb3) and 20(S)-protopanaxadiol (e.g. Rb1, Rb2, Rc, and Rd). Biological and environmental factors may affect the content of ginsenosides in different parts of ginseng plant. Evidence from pharmacokinetic and metabolic studies of Re demonstrated that (1) the absorption of Re is fast in gastrointestinal tract; (2) Re may be metabolized mainly to Rh1 and F1 by intestinal microflora before absorption into blood; and (3) Re is quickly cleared from the body. (Source: Chinese Medicine)

Nonceliac Enteropathy: Diagnosis of Villous AtrophyNonceliac Enteropathy: Diagnosis of Villous Atrophy

Medscape Today Headlines — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 04:00:00 +0100

This study describes. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

Noncoeliac Enteropathy: Diagnosis of Villous AtrophyNoncoeliac Enteropathy: Diagnosis of Villous Atrophy

Medscape Today Headlines — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 04:00:00 +0100

This study describes. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

The Novel WHO 2010 Classification for Gastrointestinal Neuroendocrine Tumours Correlates Well with the Metastatic Potential of Rectal Neuroendocrine Tumours

Neuroendocrinology — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 23:00:00 +0100

Neuroendocrinology (DOI:10.1159/000333035) (Source: Neuroendocrinology)

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Constipation May Help Explain Some Bedwetting

The Doctors Lounge - Gastroenterology — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:00:00 +0100

Study found it could pressure bladder, lower capacity to hold urine (Source: The Doctors Lounge - Gastroenterology)

DC-derived IL-18 drives Treg differentiation, murine Helicobacter pylori-specific immune tolerance, and asthma protection

Journal of Clinical Investigation — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 18:32:05 +0100

Persistent colonization with the gastric bacterial pathogen Helicobacter pylori causes gastritis and predisposes infected individuals to gastric cancer. Conversely, it is also linked to protection from allergic, chronic inflammatory, and autoimmune diseases. We demonstrate here that H. pylori inhibits LPS-induced maturation of DCs and reprograms DCs toward a tolerance-promoting phenotype. Our results showed that DCs exposed to H. pylori in vitro or in vivo failed to induce T cell effector functions. Instead, they efficiently induced expression of the forkhead transcription factor FoxP3, the master regulator of Tregs, in naive T cells. Depletion of DCs in mice infected with H. pylori during the neonatal period was sufficient to break H. pylori–specific tolerance. DC depletion result...

Essential role of gastric gland mucin in preventing gastric cancer in mice

Journal of Clinical Investigation — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 18:32:05 +0100

Gastric gland mucin secreted from the lower portion of the gastric mucosa contains unique O-linked oligosaccharides (O-glycans) having terminal α1,4-linked N-acetylglucosamine residues (αGlcNAc). Previously, we identified human α1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (α4GnT), which is responsible for the O-glycan biosynthesis and characterized αGlcNAc function in suppressing Helicobacter pylori in vitro. In the present study, we engineered A4gnt–/– mice to better understand its role in vivo. A4gnt–/– mice showed complete lack of αGlcNAc expression in gastric gland mucin. Surprisingly, all the mutant mice developed gastric adenocarcinoma through a hyperplasia-dysplasia-carcinoma sequence in the absence of H. pylori...

Gastroprotective Efficacy of Coenzyme Q10 in Indomethacin-Induced Gastropathy: Other Potential Mechanisms

Comparative and Functional Genomics — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 14:15:44 +0100

Tough recently the mitochondrial bioenergetic coenzyme (Co)Q10 has been shown to protect against indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration, yet the full mechanistic cassettes have not been investigated. Therefore, the current investigation assessed further gastroprotective mechanisms of CoQ10 using the indomethacin-induced gastropathy model. While CoQ10 was administered at 3 dose levels to male Wistar rats, the proton pump inhibitor, pantoprazole, was given at 4 dose levels ahead of pyloric ligation and indomethacin administration. Indomethacin evoked gastric ulcerations that were associated by decreased gastric mucosal nitric oxide and glutathione levels. The NSAID reduced gastric volume and mucin content, but increased titratable acidity, acid output, and peptic activity. CoQ10, especially...

Three New Phenolic Glucosides from the Roots of Rheum palmatum.

Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 14:06:02 +0100

Authors: Wang ZW, Wang JS, Luo J, Wei DD, Kong LY Abstract A novel naphthalene glucoside, rheumone A (1), with an unprecedented skeleton containing a seven-membered lactone, and two new compounds, 1-O-phloroglucinyl-2-O-galloyl-6-O-cinnamoyl-β-D-glucoside (2) and chrysophanol 1-O-β-D-(6'-O-malonyl)glucoside (3), together with three known compounds (4-6) were isolated from the roots of Rheum palmatum. Their structures were elucidated mainly by spectroscopic analysis. These compounds were evaluated in vitro for their cytotoxicities towards human hepatocellular cancer cell lines Bel-7402 and Bel-7402/5Fu, and human gastric carcinoma cell line BGC-823. None of them showed cytotoxicity with IC(50) far beyond 50 μM. PMID: 22293484 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Chemical and Phar...

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Health Tip: Common Reasons for Potty Training 'Accidents'

MedicineNet Crohn's Disease General — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 07:00:00 +0100

Title: Health Tip: Common Reasons for Potty Training 'Accidents'Category: Health NewsCreated: 2/6/2012 8:05:00 AMLast Editorial Review: 2/6/2012 (Source: MedicineNet Crohn's Disease General)

Purple Potatoes Lower Blood Pressure in Overweight People

MedicineNet Crohn's Disease General — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 07:00:00 +0100

Title: Purple Potatoes Lower Blood Pressure in Overweight PeopleCategory: Health NewsCreated: 2/4/2012 11:01:00 AMLast Editorial Review: 2/6/2012 (Source: MedicineNet Crohn's Disease General)

Luteolin blocks cellular signaling pathway to lower colon cancer risk

NaturalNews.com — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 06:00:00 +0100

The result of a body of research published in the journal BMC Gastroenterology has found that consumption of the plant flavonoid luteolin is able to inhibit the activity of cell signaling pathways (known as IGF and PI3K) important for the growth of colon cancer. Extensive... (Source: NaturalNews.com)

Liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy: inconsistent results of expression screenings for human, mouse, and rat microRNAs

AJP: Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: AJP: Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology)

Targeted delivery of vitamin D to the colon using {beta}-glucuronides of vitamin D: therapeutic effects in a murine model of inflammatory bowel disease

AJP: Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D] has been shown to inhibit development of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice but can also cause hypercalcemia. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether β-glucuronides of vitamin D could deliver 1,25(OH)2D to the colon to ameliorate colitis while reducing the risk of hypercalcemia. Initial studies demonstrated that bacteria residing in the lower intestinal tract were capable of liberating 1,25(OH)2D from 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-25-β-glucuronide [β-gluc-1,25(OH)2D]. We also determined that a much greater upregulation of the vitamin D-dependent 24-hydroxylase gene (Cyp24) was induced in the colon by treatment of mice with an oral dose of β-gluc-1,25(OH)2D than 1,25(OH)2D, demonstrating targeted delivery of 1,25(O...

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Coexpression of ecto-5'-nucleotidase/CD73 with specific NTPDases differentially regulates adenosine formation in the rat liver

AJP: Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, the specific cellular cocompartmentalization of CD73 with hepatic NTPDases is not redundant and may lead to the differential activation of P1 and P2 receptors, under normal and fibrotic conditions. (Source: AJP: Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology)

Galectin-3 modulates phagocytosis-induced stellate cell activation and liver fibrosis in vivo

AJP: Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

In this study, our aim was to study the mechanism by which extracellular galectin-3 modulates HSC phagocytosis and activation. The role of galectin-3 in engulfment was evaluated by phagocytosis and integrin binding assays in primary HSC. Galectin-3 expression was studied by real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and in vivo studies were done in wild-type and galectin-3–/– mice. We found that HSC from galectin-3–/– mice displayed decreased phagocytic activity, expression of transforming growth factor-β1, and procollagen α1(I). Recombinant galectin-3 reversed this defect, suggesting that extracellular galectin-3 is required for HSC activation. Galectin-3 facilitated the αvβ3 heterodimer-dependent binding, indicating that galectin-3 ...

An ex vivo method for studying mucus formation, properties, and thickness in human colonic biopsies and mouse small and large intestinal explants

AJP: Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, while retaining key properties from the mucus system in vivo, this setup also allows for studies of the highly dynamic mucus system under well-controlled conditions. (Source: AJP: Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology)

Suppression of acute hepatic injury by a synthetic prostacyclin agonist through hepatocyte growth factor expression

AJP: Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Previous studies have demonstrated that mice disrupted with the cyclooxygenase-2 gene showed much more severe liver damage compared with wild-type mice after liver injury, and prostaglandins (PGs) such as PGE1/2 and PGI2 have decreased hepatic injury, but the mechanisms by which prostaglandins exhibit protective action on the liver have yet to be addressed. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism of the protective action of PGI2 using the synthetic IP receptor agonist ONO-1301. In primary cultures of hepatocytes and nonparenchymal liver cells, ONO-1301 did not show protective action directly on hepatocytes, whereas it stimulated expression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in nonparenchymal liver cells. In mice, peroral administration of ONO-1301 increased hepatic gene expressi...

Expression profiling identifies novel gene targets and functions for Pdx1 in the duodenum of mature mice

AJP: Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Transcription factor pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (Pdx1) plays an essential role in the pancreas to regulate its development and maintain proper islet function. However, the functions of Pdx1 in mature small intestine are less known. We aimed to investigate the intestinal role of Pdx1 by profiling the expression of genes differentially regulated in response to inactivation of Pdx1 specifically in the intestinal epithelium. Pdx1 was conditionally inactivated in the intestinal epithelium of Pdx1flox/flox;VilCre mice. Total RNA was isolated from the first 5 cm of the small intestine from mature Pdx1flox/flox;VilCre and littermate control mice. Microarray analysis identified 86 probe sets representing 68 genes significantly upregulated or downregulated 1.5-fold or greater in Pdxflox/flox...

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Implementation and Usefulness of Single Access Laparoscopic Segmental and Total Colectomy

Colorectal Disease — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Single incision laparoscopic surgery is an effective option for abdominal surgery and seems especially suited for laparoscopic‐assisted right sided colonic resections. The Glove port technique facilitates procedural frequency and familiarity and proves economically favourable. (Source: Colorectal Disease)

Glucocorticoid induced TNF receptor (GITR) expression: potential molecular link between steroid intake and complicated diverticulitis?

Colorectal Disease — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Our results suggest that GITR expression in inflammatory cells might potentially indicate a molecular link between steroid use and complicated forms of acute sigmoid diverticulitis. Increased MMP‐9 expression by GITR signaling might explain the morphological changes in the colonic wall of perforated and phlegmonous diverticulitis. Analysis of soluble GITR (sGITR) might be a promising strategy for future research. (Source: Colorectal Disease)

Laparoscopic adhesiolysis: consensus conference guidelines

Colorectal Disease — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Evidence on this kind of surgery is scanty because of the absence of randomized controlled trials. Nevertheless laparoscopic skills in emergency is widespread. The recommendations given with the consensus process might be a useful tool in the hands of surgeons. (Source: Colorectal Disease)

Enhanced Recovery after laparoscopic colorectal resection with primary anastomosis; accelerated discharge is safe and does not give rise to increased readmission rates

Colorectal Disease — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Accelerated discharge is feasible and safe. High readmission rates reported in ERPs after open colorectal surgery have not occurred in our laparoscopic experience. (Source: Colorectal Disease)

Anxiety and depression in various functional gastrointestinal disorders: Do differences exist?

Chinese Journal of Digestive Diseases — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Anxiety is more common in IBS compared to FD and NERD, indicating a possible causal link in the former.© 2012 The Authors. Journal of Digestive Diseases © 2012 Chinese Medical Association Shanghai Branch, Chinese Society of Gastroenterology, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine and Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd. (Source: Chinese Journal of Digestive Diseases)

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Clinical outcomes of palliative self‐expanding metallic stents in patients with malignant colorectal obstruction

Chinese Journal of Digestive Diseases — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Palliative SEMS are effective and favorable procedures for malignant colorectal obstruction but have some complications. Stent migration is associated with covered type and small diameter stent and other factors do not affect the stent complication in the present study and adverse events that occurred are manageable.© 2012 The Authors. Journal of Digestive Diseases © 2012 Chinese Medical Association Shanghai Branch, Chinese Society of Gastroenterology, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine and Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd. (Source: Chinese Journal of Digestive Diseases)

Differentiation of autoimmune pancreatitis with pancreatic carcinoma remains a challenge to physicians

Chinese Journal of Digestive Diseases — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Although some recent advances have been made in helping the diagnosis of AIP, the differentiation of AIP with pancreatic carcinoma is still a challenge. In clinical practice, it must be reminded to exclude AIP before making the diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma.© 2012 The Authors. Journal of Digestive Diseases © 2012 Chinese Medical Association Shanghai Branch, Chinese Society of Gastroenterology, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine and Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd. (Source: Chinese Journal of Digestive Diseases)

Functional reconstitution of defective myeloid dendritic cells in chronic hepatitis C infection on successful antiviral treatment

Liver International — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

ConclusionsOur results indicate that DCs in CHC patients exhibiting mature and functional phenotype prior to therapy achieve sustained virological response suggesting that functional modulation of defective DCs is directly associated with successful response to therapy. (Source: Liver International)

Unusual focal intrahepatic extramedullary haematopoiesis in alpha‐thalassaemia

Liver International — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: Liver International)

Health‐care transition from pediatric to adult‐focused gastroenterology in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis

Diseases of the Esophagus — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: Diseases of the Esophagus)

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Comparison of central and intraesophageal factors between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) patients and those with GERD‐related noncardiac chest pain

Diseases of the Esophagus — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

SUMMARYGastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) causes a wide range of symptoms. Some patients present with typical symptoms such as heartburn and regurgitation and others with atypical symptoms such as chest pain. The mechanism responsible for the varying clinical presentation of GERD is still not fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate differences in central and local intraesophageal factors between patients with typical GERD symptoms and those with noncardiac chest pain (NCCP). Patients presenting with typical and atypical symptoms suspicious of GERD underwent upper endoscopy and 24‐hour pH monitoring with four sensors, each positioned at a different esophageal level. All patients completed GERD symptom, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Symptom St...

Immunohistochemical study of the muscularis externa of the esophagus in achalasia patients

Diseases of the Esophagus — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, the pathophysiology of achalasia is therefore considered to be an impaired production of NO and VIP, which both affect interstitial cell of Cajal and smooth muscles, and this impairment is therefore considered to play a role in the pathophysiology of achalasia. (Source: Diseases of the Esophagus)

Angiotensin‐I converting enzyme inhibitors suppress angiogenesis and growth of esophageal carcinoma xenografts

Diseases of the Esophagus — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

SUMMARYIt has recently been suggested that angiotensin‐I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors decrease the risk of cancer. However, studies to date have not investigated esophageal carcinoma. Therefore, we investigated the inhibitory effect of ACE inhibitors on growth of esophageal carcinoma xenografts. We used the EC9706 cell line, which expresses the highest vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA level, to establish xenografts in 21 BALB/c nude mice. The mice were then randomly allocated to receive normal saline, perindopril (4 mg/kg), or benazepril (6 mg/kg). Five weeks later, the nude mice were sacrificed and all tumors were dissected and weighed. The number of microvessels was counted by immunostaining endothelial cells for CD31 and the microvessel density was assessed. Th...

PPI therapy is equally effective in well‐defined non‐erosive reflux disease and in reflux esophagitis: a meta‐analysis

Neurogastroenterology and Motility — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions & Inferences In well‐defined NERD patients, the estimated complete symptom response rate after PPI therapy is comparable to the response rate in patients with ERD. The previously reported low response rate in studies with patients classified as NERD is likely the result of inclusion of patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms that do not have reflux disease. (Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility)

Effectiveness of chin‐down posture to prevent tracheal aspiration in dysphagia secondary to acquired brain injury. A videofluoroscopy study

Neurogastroenterology and Motility — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions & Inferences Only half the patients with acquired brain injury avoided aspiration during cervical flexion; 48% of silent aspirators continued to aspire during the maneuver. Several videofluoroscopic parameters were related to inefficiency of the maneuver. Therefore, the indication for chin‐down posture should be evaluated by videofluoroscopic examination. (Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility)

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Stimulation of gastric slow waves with manual acupuncture at acupuncture points ST36 and PC6 – A randomized single blind controlled trial

Neurogastroenterology and Motility — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions & Inferences Our study suggests that manual stimulation of acupuncture needles at ST36 and PC6 affects gastric myoelectrical as well as cardiac activities in healthy volunteers. The effect of stimulation in acupuncture deserves further investigation. (Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility)

Role of distension on duodenal and colonic contractility in mice: a novel myograph for intestines

Neurogastroenterology and Motility — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions & Inferences Our results suggest that distension is an important stimulus for intestinal contractility and nervous regulation is implicated in the intestinal contractility response to mechanical stimulus. (Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility)

Gastric cancer

About.com Eating Disorders — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Encyclopedia Home Diseases A-Z Images Digestive system Stomach cancer, ... Stomach Gastrectomy - s... (Source: About.com Eating Disorders)

The role of probiotics in gastrointestinal surgery

Nutrition — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 03:10:15 +0100

Abstract: The intestinal microbiota, which is a complex and dynamic population of different bacterial species, represents an important contribution to the health of the host. This microbiota plays a key role by promoting the integrity of the epithelial barrier and the development of mucosal immunity. However, under some stressful situations, such as after gastrointestinal surgery, infectious complications may originate from the intestinal microbiota of the patient. This phenomenon is known as the gut origin of sepsis hypothesis. However, the supply of probiotics has beneficial effects under similar conditions despite some controversial results. Therefore, it is important to carefully assess the efficacy of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of complications in surgical patients and...

Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Autism via Meridian Theory.

The American Journal of Chinese Medicine — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 03:06:02 +0100

Authors: Lo SY Abstract A twelve-week pilot study was conducted on 11 male children, aged five to 19 years, who had ASD (autistic symptom disorder) of varying degrees of severity. These eleven subjects were each examined three times in the 12-week period: at the first week, 6th week, and 12th week. During each examination, two sets of full-body thermographs were taken of each child, before and fifteen minutes after drinking a solution of stable water clusters with a double helix configuration. This solution of stable water clusters is called double helix water (DHW). In the before thermographs, a consistent thermal pattern of six hot regions of body surface temperature were identified. They are: left and right upper forehead region of the face; left and right area in front of the c...

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Recent developments and future perspectives of personalized oncology.

Onkologie — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 02:58:36 +0100

Authors: Grüllich C, von Kalle C Abstract Increasing understanding of molecular carcinogenesis has begun to change paradigms in oncology. On the diagnostic side, the characterization of key mutations and molecular pathways responsible for tumor development and progression has led to the identification of a large number of potential targets for diagnostic and therapeutic intervention. On the treatment and prevention side, molecular analysis will be of even greater importance for guiding individualized therapy. Diagnostics of molecular lesions present in each tumor will become a key feature of future clinical care. This will allow prediction of response with substantially increased accuracy, stratification of particular patient groups, and eventually personalization of therapy. Stri...

Targeted therapy of soft tissue sarcomas.

Onkologie — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 02:58:36 +0100

Authors: Wardelmann E, Chemnitz JM, Wendtner CM Abstract Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are rare mesenchymal cancers with a heterogeneous histology. In terms of oncogenesis, sarcomas may be differentiated into diseases with defined molecular events and sarcomas presenting with complex karyotypes lacking identifiable specific genetic changes or expression profile signatures. The former subtype is amenable to therapy with targeted drugs, especially if the tumor carries a consistent causal mutation occurring early in the disease development. While targeted therapy based on tyrosine kinase inhibition such as imatinib and second generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors plays an important role in the treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), some progress was also achieved in non-GIS...

Imatinib and beyond - targeting activated tyrosine kinases in myeloproliferative disorders.

Onkologie — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 02:58:36 +0100

Authors: Hochhaus A, Reiter A, Ernst T, La Rosée P Abstract Tyrosine kinases (TKs) play a major role in cellular signal transduction. Deregulated TK activity has been observed in solid cancers and hematologic malignancies. Advances in the understanding of the oncogenic activation of TKs led to the identification of new kinase inhibitors with improved potency, specificity, and efficacy. With the advent of imatinib mesylate, a new era in the management of patients with BCR-ABL+ chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), gastrointestinal stromal tumors, and myeloproliferative neoplasms including chronic myelomonocytic leukemia with PDGFRB gene rearrangements and hypereosinophilic syndrome has begun. CML represents a model for the rational design of TK inhibitors based on the insights into s...

What Are the Major Diseases Involving Copper Metabolism?

PediatricEducation.org — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 00:08:49 +0100

Discussion Nutritional problems can occur in all parts of the world and in all socioeconomic strata. Caloric and/or protein inadequacy unfortunately plagues too many people because of inadequate supplies or availability. Supplemental food programs around the world attempt to provide appropriate nutrition, but can be stymied because of war, political instability, economic instability and many other social factors. The most common specific nutrient deficiencies are iron and Vitamin D deficiencies. Minerals important for essential nutrition include copper, iodine, selenium and zinc. A typical mixed diet usually provides enough minerals. In the United States, mineral deficiencies are usually uncommon unless there is an underlying disease process or abnormal food restrictions or diet. Vegan an...

Repeat flexible sigmoidoscopy increases colorectal cancer detection rate

MedWire News - Gastroenterology — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 00:00:00 +0100

Repeat screening by flexible sigmoidoscopy after 3 to 5 years increases the detection of colorectal cancer or advanced adenoma by a quarter in women and by a third in men, show results of the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. (Source: MedWire News - Gastroenterology)

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The “Black Widow”: Arsenic and Britain’s First Serial Killer

The Poison Review — Sun, 05 Feb 2012 22:35:21 +0100

The Daily Mail (U.K.) has a fascinating story today about Mary Ann Cotton (1832 – 1873), Britain’s first serial killer. According to the author, Professor of Criminology David Wilson, a serial killer is someone who kills more than three people over a time period of more than thirty days. Cotton more than met this definition: Few have heard of the so-called “Black Widow” killer who posed as a wife, widow, mother, friend and nurse to murder perhaps as many as 21 victims [over a period of almost 20 years], living off her husbands before eventually claiming their estates. Two decades before Jack the Ripper would terrorist the streets of Whitechapel in London, Mary Ann Cotton had already become a killing machine, perhaps murdering as many as eight of her own children, se...

Upregulation of mucosal 5‐HT3 receptors is involved in restoration of colonic transit after pelvic nerve transection

Neurogastroenterology and Motility — Sun, 05 Feb 2012 20:39:57 +0100

Conclusions & Inferences Colonic motility was restored to approximately 70% normal over 1 week without further improvement at 2 weeks. Enteric nervous system compensated by upregulating mucosal 5‐HT3, but not 5‐HT4, receptors. (Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility)

Fluconazole/posaconazole/tretinoin interaction: Gastrointestinal and hepatic toxicity: case report

Reactions — Sun, 05 Feb 2012 18:29:54 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

The association between two polymorphisms in the TS gene and risk of cancer: A systematic review and pooled analysis

International Journal of Cancer — Sun, 05 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractThymidylate synthase (TS) is an important enzyme involved in folate metabolism and catalyzes methylation of dUMP to dTMP, which is essential for DNA replication. TSER and TS1494del6, two functionally important and ethnically diverse polymorphisms mapping to its gene region, are the most extensively studied. Considering the potential influence of altering TS activity, it is plausible that TS polymorphisms might play a role in the development of cancer. Although the effects of TS polymorphisms on susceptibility to human cancer have been investigated in many studies, the results remain conflicting rather than conclusive. In order to resolve these conflicts, we performed a quantitative synthesis of the evidence on the association between these two polymorphisms and cancer risk, includi...

Virus outbreak reported on 2 cruise ships

Health News - UPI.com — Sat, 04 Feb 2012 22:45:46 +0100

FORT LAUDERDALE, Fla., Feb. 4 (UPI) -- Outbreaks of a gastrointestinal virus have been reported on two Princess Cruises ships operating out of Port Everglades, Fla., officials said. (Source: Health News - UPI.com)

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[Correspondence] Treatment of Helicobacter pylori in Latin America

LANCET — Sat, 04 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Robert Greenberg and colleagues (Aug 6, p 507) are to be commended for doing a mass screening and treatment trial for Helicobacter pylori in the general population of Latin America. There is evidence to suggest that population screening and treatment can reduce the incidence of gastric cancer and lessen the economic burden from dyspepsia. However, we are not sure that Greenberg and colleagues' conclusion that 14-day triple therapy is preferable to 5-day concomitant therapy in this setting is warranted. (Source: LANCET)

Norovirus causes most hospital outbreaks

Health News - UPI.com — Sat, 04 Feb 2012 02:23:29 +0100

WASHINGTON, Feb. 3 (UPI) -- Norovirus, a pathogen that often causes food poisoning and gastroenteritis, is the leading cause of infectious outbreaks in U.S. hospitals, researchers said. (Source: Health News - UPI.com)

Chronic Kidney Disease and End-Stage Renal Disease Predict Higher Risk of Mortality in Patients with Primary Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Karger Publishers — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 23:00:00 +0100

Am J Nephrol 2012;35:216–224 (DOI:10.1159/000336107) (Source: Karger Publishers)

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Invasive Ductal Carcinoma Arising from an Ectopic Pancreas in the Gastric Wall: A Long-Term Survival Case

Karger Publishers — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 23:00:00 +0100

Case Rep Oncol 2012;5:69–73 (DOI:10.1159/000335870) (Source: Karger Publishers)

Norovirus Top Cause of Hospital Infection Outbreaks, Says Study

The Doctors Lounge - Infections — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 18:00:00 +0100

Gastrointestinal bug causes vomiting, stomach cramps and diarrhea (Source: The Doctors Lounge - Infections)

Cryptogenic Hepatitis and Bartonellosis

Digestive Diseases and Sciences — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 17:53:10 +0100

Content Type Journal ArticleCategory CorrespondencePages 1-2DOI 10.1007/s10620-012-2065-zAuthors Paulo Eduardo Neves Ferreira Velho, Department of Dermatology/Center for Drug Design, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St. S.E., MMC98, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USAMarna Elise Ericson, Department of Dermatology/Center for Drug Design, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St. S.E., MMC98, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA Journal Digestive Diseases and SciencesOnline ISSN 1573-2568Print ISSN 0163-2116 (Source: Digestive Diseases and Sciences)

An Evolving Case of Concurrent Eosinophilic Esophagitis and Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis

Digestive Diseases and Sciences — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 17:53:10 +0100

Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Stanford Multidisciplinary SeminarsPages 1-3DOI 10.1007/s10620-012-2061-3Authors Minou Le-Carlson, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USAGeorge Triadafilopoulos, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USAReteesh K. Pai, Department of Pathology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USAJohn A. Kerner, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA Journal Digestive Diseases and SciencesOnline ISSN 1573-2568Print ISSN 0163-2116 (Source: Digestive Diseases and Sciences)

Rectocele—does the size matter?

International Journal of Colorectal Disease — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 17:12:43 +0100

Conclusion In conclusion, only the evacuation of rectoceles was correlated to the size of the rectoceles, but had no clinical significance. Other clinical, anatomical factors were also not associated to the size of the rectoceles. Rectoceles’ size alone may not be an indication for surgery. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-6DOI 10.1007/s00384-012-1425-7Authors Dan Carter, Neurogastroenterology Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, IsraelMarc Beer Gabel, Neurogastroenterology Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel Journal International Journal of Colorectal DiseaseOnline ISSN 1432-1262Print ISSN 0179-1958 (Source: International Journal of Colorectal Disease)

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Gemcitabine in combination with vinorelbine in elderly patients with anthracycline- and taxane-pretreated metastatic breast cancer

Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 17:12:25 +0100

Conclusion Gemcitabine in combination with vinorelbine is active and safe in elderly patients with anthracycline- and taxane-pretreated metastatic breast cancer. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-8DOI 10.1007/s00280-012-1830-1Authors Ningning Dong, Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Medical Oncology Department, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Rd, Beijing, 100142 ChinaMingyu Wang, Chemotherapy Department, Shandong Tumor Hospital and Institute, 440 Jiyan Rd, Jinan, 250117 ChinaHuiqing Li, Epidemiology Department, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 18877 Jingshi Rd, Jinan, 250062 ChinaYongchun Cui, Clinical Tr...

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor arising in an ileal duplication: report of a case

Surgery Today — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 17:11:08 +0100

This report presents the extremely rare case of an adult patient who presented with peritonitis caused by the perforation of an ileal duplication, associated with a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) arising within the duplication. A 70-year-old female was admitted to the hospital with lower abdominal pain. Abdominal computed tomography showed free air in the peritoneal cavity. An emergency laparotomy was performed, presuming diffuse peritonitis caused by a perforation of the gastrointestinal tract. The surgical findings showed that the peritonitis was caused by the perforation of an ileal duplication, 90 cm proximal to the ileocecal valve, with an extrinsic tumor protruding from the duplication. A segmental resection of the ileum—including the tumor and ileal duplication�...

Norovirus Top Cause of Hospital Infection Outbreaks, Says Study

MedlinePlus Health News — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 17:00:00 +0100

Gastrointestinal bug causes vomiting, stomach cramps and diarrhea Source: HealthDay Related MedlinePlus Pages: Health Facilities, Infection Control, Infectious Diseases (Source: MedlinePlus Health News)

Amoebic Liver Abscess in USAAmoebic Liver Abscess in USA

Medscape Today Headlines — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 11:18:27 +0100

How common are amoebic liver abscesses, and how are they contracted in the first place? Liver International (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

Update on Gastrointestinal Radiopharmaceuticals and Dosimetry Estimates

Seminars in Nuclear Medicine — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 08:29:31 +0100

The gold standard technique for measuring gastric emptying is scintigraphy using radiolabeled test meals. Recently, a standardized radiolabeled solid meal has been proposed and adopted by many centers. There is still a need for alternative meals, and several such meals with demonstrated radiolabel stability have been evaluated in small numbers of subjects. Updated radiation dosimetry associated with these meals has been calculated for adult males and adult females with normal gastrointestinal transit as well as transit abnormalities. (Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine)

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Advancing Gastric Emptying Studies: Standardization and New Parameters to Assess Gastric Motility and Function

Seminars in Nuclear Medicine — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 08:29:31 +0100

For many years, gastric emptying (GE) studies were performed using various local protocols and different radiolabeled meals. This lack of standardization and normal values made the test results unreliable and difficult to compare from one site to another. A recent consensus has been published that now provides guidance and standardization on how to perform a radiolabeled solid-meal GE study. It is widely recognized, however, that simple measurement of total GE of a solid meal often does not provide an answer to the etiology of symptoms for a large number of patients who present with functional dyspepsia. Advances in our understanding of the different roles of the fundus and antrum and their complex interaction with the proximal small bowel and central nervous system have led to the develop...

Scintigraphy for Evaluation of Patients for GI Motility Disorders—The Referring Physician's Perspective

Seminars in Nuclear Medicine — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 08:29:31 +0100

This article discusses a physician's perspective on evaluating GI transit in patients with suspected GI disorders, particularly those involving the stomach for gastroparesis and the colon in patients with constipation. (Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine)

Guest Editorial: Gastrointestinal Nuclear Medicine: Are We Making Progress?

Seminars in Nuclear Medicine — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 08:29:31 +0100

In my last guest editorial on gastrointestinal (GI) nuclear medicine in the Seminars in Nuclear Medicine in October 1995, I pointed out that there are few, if any, other nuclear medicine studies, such as gastric emptying, that are considered a gold standard with which other methods need to be compared. I stressed, however, that there was the need for continued efforts within the nuclear medicine community to prevent tarnishing this gold standard. Since then, we have made significant progress especially in standardizing gastric emptying. Additional progress, however, still needs to be made to prevent new imaging and nonimaging technologies from replacing scintigraphy as the primary modality for assessing gastric emptying. In this edition of Seminars, I have brought together several leaders ...

Letter from the Editors: Functional Studies of the Gastrointestinal Tract

Seminars in Nuclear Medicine — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 08:29:31 +0100

As pointed out by Dr. Alan Maurer in his guest editorial, it has been more than 15 years since he guest edited another Seminars issue, a two-part review of gastrointestinal (GI) nuclear imaging. A significant portion of the progress that has been made relates to attempted standardization of several of these studies. In particular, cooperative efforts between GI, radiology, and nuclear medicine societies have resulted in standardized methodology for gastric emptying studies. Whereas, half-time of emptying (T1/2) was previously considered the accepted key value or “gold standard,” current thoughts center more on the retention values at specific time intervals; particularly four hours post-ingestion of a labeled solid egg meal. Additionally, several alternative test meals yielding similar...

Biomechanical properties of the mid-shaft femur in middle-aged hypophysectomized rats as assessed by bending test

Endocrine — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 07:21:23 +0100

Abstract Both stiffness and strength of bones are thought to be controlled by the “bone mechanostat”. Its natural stimuli would be the strains of bone tissue (sensed by osteocytes) that are induced by both gravitational forces (body weight) and contraction of regional muscles. Body weight and muscle mass increase with age. Biomechanical performance of load-bearing bones must adapt to these growth-induced changes. Hypophysectomy in the rat slows the rate of body growth. With time, a great difference in body size is established between a hypophysectomized rat and its age-matched control, which makes it difficult to establish the real effect of pituitary ablation on bone biomechanics. The purpose of the present investigation was to compare mid-shaft femoral mechanical pro...

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Incongruity of Imaging Using Fluorescent 2-DG Conjugates Compared to 18F-FDG in Preclinical Cancer Models

Molecular Imaging and Biology — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 07:21:22 +0100

Conclusions These results suggest that conjugation of large bulky fluorophores to 2-DG disrupts the facilitated transport and retention of these probes in cells. Therefore, optical imaging of NIR 2-DG probes cannot substitute for 18F-FDG positron emission tomography imaging as a biomarker of tumor cell viability and metabolism. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Brief ArticlePages 1-8DOI 10.1007/s11307-012-0545-3Authors Jen-Chieh Tseng, Lurie Family Imaging Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USAYuchuan Wang, Lurie Family Imaging Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USAPallab Banerjee, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02...

Transcatheter Arterial Embolization for Upper Gastrointestinal Nonvariceal Hemorrhage: Is Empiric Embolization Warranted?

CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 07:19:24 +0100

Conclusion Empiric arterial embolization may be advantageous in patients with a duodenal source of hemorrhage but not in patients with gastric hemorrhage. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Clinical InvestigationPages 1-9DOI 10.1007/s00270-012-0351-yAuthors Elnasif Arrayeh, Department of Radiology, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, Room M-361, San Francisco, CA 94134, USANicholas Fidelman, Department of Radiology, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, Room M-361, San Francisco, CA 94134, USARoy L. Gordon, Department of Radiology, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, Room M-361, San Francisco, CA 94134, USAJeanne M. LaBerge, Department of Radiology, University of California San Francisco, 5...

Norovirus Causes Most Hospital Infection Outbreaks

MedicineNet Crohn's Disease General — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 07:00:00 +0100

Title: Norovirus Causes Most Hospital Infection OutbreaksCategory: Health NewsCreated: 2/3/2012 11:01:00 AMLast Editorial Review: 2/3/2012 (Source: MedicineNet Crohn's Disease General)

Anemia May Boost Death Risk After Stroke

MedicineNet Crohn's Disease General — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 07:00:00 +0100

Title: Anemia May Boost Death Risk After StrokeCategory: Health NewsCreated: 2/2/2012 2:06:00 PMLast Editorial Review: 2/3/2012 (Source: MedicineNet Crohn's Disease General)

cholestyramine, Questran, Questran Light

MedicineNet Crohn's Disease General — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 07:00:00 +0100

Title: cholestyramine, Questran, Questran LightCategory: MedicationsCreated: 7/26/1999 10:41:00 PMLast Editorial Review: 2/3/2012 (Source: MedicineNet Crohn's Disease General)

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hydrocortisone oral, Hydrocortone, Cortef

MedicineNet Crohn's Disease General — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 07:00:00 +0100

Title: hydrocortisone oral, Hydrocortone, CortefCategory: MedicationsCreated: 12/31/1997Last Editorial Review: 2/3/2012 (Source: MedicineNet Crohn's Disease General)

clarithromycin, Biaxin, Biaxin XL

MedicineNet Crohn's Disease General — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 07:00:00 +0100

Title: clarithromycin, Biaxin, Biaxin XLCategory: MedicationsCreated: 12/31/1997Last Editorial Review: 2/3/2012 (Source: MedicineNet Crohn's Disease General)

Adams–Oliver syndrome and portal hypertension: Fortuitous association or common mechanism?

American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

We present a boy with AOS who developed a progressive splenomegaly and hypersplenism at the age of 2 months, and was admitted for acute gastrointestinal bleeding (GI) at the age of 9 months. Subsequently, we documented an extrahepatic portal vein obstruction and esophageal varices. After several episodes of cataclysmic upper GI bleeding a mesentero‐portal shunt (MPS) was performed at 10 months. The shunt thrombosed, and after three failed attempts of thrombectomy, it was removed. One month later a splenorenal shunt was performed, and this closed spontaneously by 3 years. The patient suffered from ischemic stroke after placing the first shunt, and has spastic diplegia, left frontal lobe epilepsy, hyperactivity and attention deficit disorder, and severe psychomotor delay. At 11 years and h...

[Original Articles] Altered Psychobiological Responsiveness in Women With Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Psychosomatic Medicine — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions The enhanced morning cortisol levels in one subgroup of IBS patients may indicate an association between basal HPA axis activity and predominant bowel habit. The downregulated HPA axis reactivity in IBS after the TSST suggests a downregulated sensitivity of the endocrine system. On the contrary, all subjective stress ratings were increased in the IBS group, which may indicate increased stress susceptibility. (Source: Psychosomatic Medicine)

Predictors of warfarin use in atrial fibrillation in the United States: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMC Family Practice — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Warfarin use has increased somewhat over time. The decision to prescribe warfarin for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation is based upon multiple prescriber and patient characteristics. These findings can be used by family practice prescribers and other healthcare decision-makers to target interventions or methods to improve utilization of warfarin when it is indicated for stroke prevention. (Source: BMC Family Practice)

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Correction