MedWorm: History of Medicine

List of Images.

Clio Medica — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 12:02:03 +0100

Authors: Kichigina G PMID: 19919734 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clio Medica)

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List of Tables.

Clio Medica — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 12:02:03 +0100

Authors: Kichigina G PMID: 19919735 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clio Medica)

Acknowledgements.

Clio Medica — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 12:02:03 +0100

Authors: Kichigina G PMID: 19919736 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clio Medica)

Introduction.

Clio Medica — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 12:02:03 +0100

Authors: Kichigina G PMID: 19919737 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clio Medica)

The Old-New Tradition.

Clio Medica — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 12:02:03 +0100

Authors: Kichigina G PMID: 19919738 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clio Medica)

Physiologist-Physicists: Foundation of the Discipline.

Clio Medica — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 12:02:03 +0100

Authors: Kichigina G PMID: 19919739 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clio Medica)

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A Viennese Prelude: Sechenov's Research at Ludwig's Laboratory.

Clio Medica — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 12:02:03 +0100

Authors: Kichigina G PMID: 19919740 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clio Medica)

Berlin Wins over Paris and Vienna: Botkin's View on European Clinics.

Clio Medica — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 12:02:03 +0100

Authors: Kichigina G PMID: 19919741 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clio Medica)

'Alt Heidelberg, du feine...'

Clio Medica — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 12:02:03 +0100

Authors: Kichigina G PMID: 19919742 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clio Medica)

Military Medical Education: The Aftermath of the Crimean War.

Clio Medica — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 12:02:03 +0100

Authors: Kichigina G PMID: 19919743 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clio Medica)

The Winds of Change: Reformation of the Medico-Surgical Academy.

Clio Medica — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 12:02:03 +0100

Authors: Kichigina G PMID: 19919744 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clio Medica)

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The 'Medico-Chemical Academy': Zinin's Laboratory.

Clio Medica — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 12:02:03 +0100

Authors: Kichigina G PMID: 19919745 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clio Medica)

Synthesis and Symphonies: Borodin's Laboratory.

Clio Medica — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 12:02:03 +0100

Authors: Kichigina G PMID: 19919746 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clio Medica)

'Scientific Medicine': Botkin's Teaching Clinic and Laboratory.

Clio Medica — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 12:02:03 +0100

Authors: Kichigina G PMID: 19919747 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clio Medica)

The New Discipline of Russian Physiology: Sechenov's Laboratory.

Clio Medica — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 12:02:03 +0100

Authors: Kichigina G PMID: 19919748 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clio Medica)

A Few Steps Further: The Operation of the Physiological Laboratory under Cyon.

Clio Medica — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 12:02:03 +0100

Authors: Kichigina G PMID: 19919749 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clio Medica)

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Russian Universities in the Sea of Change, 1870-1886.

Clio Medica — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 12:02:03 +0100

Authors: Kichigina G PMID: 19919750 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clio Medica)

Sechenov at Novorossiisk University: New Laboratory, New Challenges.

Clio Medica — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 12:02:03 +0100

Authors: Kichigina G PMID: 19919751 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clio Medica)

A Simple Model: Transition from Blood-Gas Research to Studies on Salt Solutions.

Clio Medica — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 12:02:03 +0100

Authors: Kichigina G PMID: 19919752 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clio Medica)

Sechenov at St Petersburg: 'Galvanic studies' - A Final Proof.

Clio Medica — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 12:02:03 +0100

Authors: Kichigina G PMID: 19919753 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clio Medica)

The Context to Sechenov's Study of Solution: The Mendeleev-Ostwald Debate on the Theory of Solutions.

Clio Medica — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 12:02:03 +0100

Authors: Kichigina G PMID: 19919754 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clio Medica)

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The Universal Law: Expectations and Disappointments.

Clio Medica — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 12:02:03 +0100

Authors: Kichigina G PMID: 19919755 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clio Medica)

Bibliography.

Clio Medica — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 12:02:03 +0100

Authors: Kichigina G PMID: 19919756 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clio Medica)

Index.

Clio Medica — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 12:02:03 +0100

Authors: Kichigina G PMID: 19919757 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clio Medica)

Rezensionen/Reviews

Tue, 03 Nov 2009 10:51:36 +0100

Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00048-009-0358-x Journal NTM Zeitschrift für Geschichte der Wissenschaften, Technik und MedizinOnline ISSN 1420-9144Print ISSN 0036-6978 Journal Volume Volume 17 Journal Issue Volume 17, Number 4 / November, 2009 (Source: NTM International Journal of History & Ethics of Natural Sciences, Technology & Medicine)

Der Verdacht der Simulation

Tue, 03 Nov 2009 10:51:35 +0100

The Suspicion of Simulation. A Psychiatric Case History between Appropriation and Disciplinary Action at the End of the 19th Century. This case history explores how the question of agency was dealt with historically in two developing, normative orders of deviant behaviour. Examining the institutional career of the supposed adulterer, marriage swindler, and craft baker, we can trace the different observation regimes and systems of knowledge acquisition in the prison and in psychiatry. In both institutions there was talk of simulated madness; the explanations, however, were different. For the prison doctors and civil servants, the baker was a criminal; his deviant behaviour was a matter of consciously planned-out deception. For the examining psychiatrist, on the other ha...

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„Man lasse doch diese Dinge selber einmal sprechen“

Tue, 03 Nov 2009 10:51:34 +0100

“Let these things speak for themselves”. Experiment Kits, Instruction Manuals, and Narratives between 1870 and 1930 Experiment kits, such as physical cabinets, chemistry sets, and electricity kits designed for amateurs and children, gained huge popularity in Germany around 1900. These home laboratories connected themselves to the things of everyday life as objects of investigation and everyday knowledge as their framework of reference. In the previous centuries, portable laboratories had already accompanied travelling scientists and intellectuals. Experiment kits however, while still portable, were designed to serve as extensions of classrooms and lecture halls. The kits – available through teaching materials catalogues and early forms of mail-order catalogues –...

From History of Colonial Medicine to Plural Medicine in a Global Perspective

Tue, 03 Nov 2009 10:51:33 +0100

Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00048-009-0359-9Authors Waltraud Ernst, Oxford Brookes University Department of History Oxford OX3 0BP GroßbritannienProjit B. Mukharji, McMaster University Department of History Hamilton Ontario Kanada Journal NTM Zeitschrift für Geschichte der Wissenschaften, Technik und MedizinOnline ISSN 1420-9144Print ISSN 0036-6978 Journal Volume Volume 17 Journal Issue Volume 17, Number 4 / November, 2009 (Source: NTM International Journal of History & Ethics of Natural Sciences, Technology & Medicine)

Eine Reise ins (Un-)Bekannte

Tue, 03 Nov 2009 10:51:33 +0100

This article deals with the social background of his studies in Germany and France and his perception of foreign lands, plants, and peoples. Before Rauwolf started his journey at Marseille in 1573 he had received a proper education in practical botany at Montpellier under Guillaume Rondelet. He had also collected about 600 specimens of plants in his herbarium. According to the common medical conventions of his time – most prominently represented by the Renaissance anatomist Andreas Vesalius – in his travel account Rauwolf claimed to tell only what he had seen, experienced, observed by himself, or touched with his own hands. Contrary to his own claim of pure “autopsy”, or direct experience, however, Rauwolf’s Aigentliche Beschreibung [Actual Description] was composed from dif...

Image, text and Observatio: the Codex Kentmanus.

Early Science and Medicine — Tue, 27 Oct 2009 10:46:03 +0100

Authors: Kusukawa S This paper examines the inter-relationship between image, text and object in the Codex Kentmanus, which is one of the earliest records of the plants in the botanical garden at Padua, studied by Johannes Kentmann (1518-77). The manuscript shows that "observation" for Kentmann involved a gradual process of assimilating knowledge from other physicians, apothecaries, and books in order to make the plants which were originally encountered at a specific time and place into a more generalised object of study for learned physicians. PMID: 19852380 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Early Science and Medicine)

Hospital and asylum visiting in historical perspective: themes and issues.

Clio Medica — Fri, 23 Oct 2009 17:44:02 +0100

Discussion of the wider historical significance of visiting draws attention to issues such as urban governance, philanthropy, the public sphere, civil society and citizenship. PMID: 19842332 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clio Medica)

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Receiving the rich, rejecting the poor: towards a history of hospital visiting in nineteenth-century provincial England.

Clio Medica — Fri, 23 Oct 2009 17:44:02 +0100

Authors: Reinarz J The changing perceptions of visitors to hospitals in provincial England during the long nineteenth century are examined in this chapter. In particular, it discusses the experience of visitors to hospitals in nine general and specialist hospitals in Birmingham, England's 'second city'. Though the history of visitors in this provincial setting supports the general assumption that hospital governors received the rich and rejected the poor, this chapter demonstrates that attitudes to visitors were not always straightforward. Views of hospital governors and medical staff varied with medical specialism, hospital finances, and a host of other factors. PMID: 19842333 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clio Medica)

'Family-centred care' in American hospitals in late-Qing China.

Clio Medica — Fri, 23 Oct 2009 17:44:02 +0100

Authors: Renshaw M Today, patients' families in the West are regaining the access to hospitals that they lost when hospitals emerged as the primary site for medical treatment, research and training at the beginning of the twentieth century. In China, however, families were never excluded from American mission-run hospitals, in fact, they were indispensable. Families were in the waiting rooms, consulting rooms,wards and operating theatres. They provided more than reassurance and comfort: they fed and nursed their sick relatives, acted as advocates and middlemen and may even have lowered the incidence of cross-infection, the scourge of the contemporary hospital in the West. PMID: 19842334 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clio Medica)

Care, nurturance and morality: the role of visitors and the Victorian London children's hospital.

Clio Medica — Fri, 23 Oct 2009 17:44:02 +0100

Authors: Tanner A Visitors at the Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street, fulfilled an economic, social and marketing role at an institution which, in its earliest years, struggled against significant opposition from medical and charitable critics. Men and women from the respectable classes found a function that reflected well their philanthropic credentials, and that also opened up social and professional opportunities. The parents and families of the patients, however, found themselves marginalised by the hospital, and granted little scope to influence the hospital experience of their children or to interact with the supporters of the institution. PMID: 19842335 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clio Medica)

Pariahs or partners? Welcome and unwelcome visitors in the Jenny Lind Hospital for Sick Children, Norwich, 1900-50.

Clio Medica — Fri, 23 Oct 2009 17:44:02 +0100

Authors: Lindsay B The idea of 'visitors' when applied to hospitals may appear simple and uncontroversial: relatives or friends keeping the sick person company, lifting the spirits and offering support. The reality was more complex and challenging, particularly in the care of child patients. The Jenny Lind Hospital for Sick Children constantly evolved its relationship with visitors in the first half of the twentieth century. Two major variables are discussed in this chapter: the changing importance of the visitors themselves and the way in which the Jenny Lind defined and adapted its perspective on visitors and the nature of visiting. PMID: 19842336 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clio Medica)

Visiting children with cancer: the parental experience of the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, 1995-2005.

Clio Medica — Fri, 23 Oct 2009 17:44:02 +0100

Authors: Rohrer RL This chapter examines the unique role of parental visitors of children with cancer at the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, 1995 to 2005. Using oral interviews with parents, medical and psychosocial staff, the study explores the experiences of parents while in hospital with their children and the social, emotional, financial and family issues they confronted during these admissions. Parents in their stories identified the various roles they assumed as their children experienced illness, treatment, side effects and psychosocial issues. The study also questions the relative importance of family dynamics, race, and socio-economic status as these related to parents' roles and perceptions. PMID: 19842337 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clio Medica)

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Infection and citizenship: (not) visiting isolation hospitals in mid-Victorian Britain.

Clio Medica — Fri, 23 Oct 2009 17:44:02 +0100

Authors: Mooney G Local authority provision for the sequestration of infectious people mushroomed in Great Britain from the mid-1860s. By the First World War, more than 750 isolation hospitals contained almost 32,000 beds for infectious patients, most of whom were children. Trips to an isolation hospital were problematic because visitors might contract infection there and spread it to the wider community. Various strategies sought to minimise this risk or eliminate it altogether. This chapter argues that the management of isolation hospital visitors was typical of Victorian public health's tendency to regulate people's behaviour. By granting rights to, and conferring responsibilities on, the relatives of patients, visiting practices enshrined notions of citizenship that sought to gover...

Stage-managing a hospital in the eighteenth century: visitation at the London Lock Hospital.

Clio Medica — Fri, 23 Oct 2009 17:44:02 +0100

Authors: Siena K London's Lock Hospital, established in 1747 to treat venereal diseases, depended heavily on charity. Its administrators tried valiantly to project a positive image of the hospital in spite of the pervading moral assumptions about its patients and doubts about whether they deserved charity. Policies governing visitation were bound up in the hospital's attempts to police itself and promote its cause to benefactors. Visitation policies served numerous ends, including policing patients, introducing moral reform, monitoring the staff, and obscuring the reality of the wards from public view, ensuring that prospective donors only saw what administrators wanted them to see. PMID: 19842339 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clio Medica)

'The keeper must himself be kept': visitation and the lunatic asylum in England, 1750-1850.

Clio Medica — Fri, 23 Oct 2009 17:44:02 +0100

Authors: Smith L There was a growing disquiet in eighteenth-century England about the activities of private madhouses. Early legislation, in 1774, gave limited powers of registration and inspection to local magistrates.The exposure of flagrant abuses in both private and public institutions by a parliamentary select committee, in 1815, brought the question of visitation to the centre of the lunacy reform agenda. Subsequent legislation extended the responsibilities of magistrates and also established the principal of centralised oversight. An effective national system of regulation was finally created in 1845, with Commissioners in Lunacy required to provide formal visitation to all public and private asylums. PMID: 19842340 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clio Medica)

'A disgrace to a civilised community': colonial psychiatry and the visit of Edward Mapother to South Asia, 1937-8.

Clio Medica — Fri, 23 Oct 2009 17:44:02 +0100

Authors: Mills JH, Jain S In 1937, Edward Mapother, Medical Superintendent of the Maudsley Hospital in London, took a trip around the mental hospitals of Britain's dominions in South Asia. The result was a series of documents that provide a snapshot of psychiatry in India and Ceylon in the twilight years of the British Empire. This chapter will consider Mapother's reports from a number of perspectives in order to assess the politics and the impact of an expert 'visitor' to a colonial medical system. PMID: 19842341 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clio Medica)

'In view of the knowledge to be acquired': public visits to New York's asylums in the nineteenth century.

Clio Medica — Fri, 23 Oct 2009 17:44:02 +0100

Authors: Miron J This chapter examines asylum tourism in nineteenth-century New York. It argues that the popularity of visits by the public undermines the notion that asylums were segregated from greater society, and instead, suggests that these institutions were deeply embedded within the social and cultural landscape of the time. While challenging many of our assumptions regarding the relationship of asylums with their greater communities, the phenomenon of visiting enhances our understanding of both popular attitudes towards the mentally ill and the experiences of patients themselves. As people believed asylums represented something remarkable in society, visiting provides new perspectives on the social role of these institutions and nineteenth-century cultural practices more genera...

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'Amusements are provided': asylum entertainment and recreation in Australia and New Zealand c.1860-c.1945.

Clio Medica — Fri, 23 Oct 2009 17:44:02 +0100

Authors: MacKinnon D This chapter examines the official 'entertainment', in all its forms, provided to inmates in Australian and New Zealand asylums--later mental hospitals--between c.1860 and c.1945. Visitors came into asylum grounds and patients were permitted periods of leave, all for the purposes of entertainment and recreation. Surviving recreation buildings, their grounds and institutional archives, bear silent witness to the noisy and lively recreational activities of past patients, staff and visitors. This chapter reconstructs these practices in twenty public and three private asylums from this period by examining a diverse range of sources, including archives, histories of asylums and newspaper articles. PMID: 19842343 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clio Medica)

Challenging institutional hegemony: family visitors to hospitals for the insane in Australia and New Zealand, 1880s-1910s.

Clio Medica — Fri, 23 Oct 2009 17:44:02 +0100

Authors: Coleborne C Historians have increasingly come to identify that there was considerable traffic between nineteenth-century psychiatric institutions and the world beyond, with official visitors recording details of their regular forays inside asylum walls, and sometimes family members visiting the institution to check on treatments, patients' progress and welfare. This chapter explores the broad array of experiences of asylum visitors in colonial Australia and New Zealand, focusing on families and their responses to the institution. It draws upon a range of materials to show that visitors found their way inside the hospital for the insane, both in their letters and through their actual physical presence. Through these glimpses, it suggests that the asylum itself should be unsettl...

The simple ontology of kalăm atomism: an outline.

Early Science and Medicine — Sun, 18 Oct 2009 04:40:03 +0100

The simple ontology of kalăm atomism: an outline. Early Sci Med. 2009;14(1-3):68-78 Authors: Sabra AI This paper aims to present concisely the Islamic kalăm atomism as an alternative philosophy to Hellenizing falsafa. Kalăm is a theological-philosophical discourse which, first (in the third/ninth century) ventured to rival the falsafa represented early by al-Kindĭ (d.ca. 252/866), then by al-Fărăbĭ and Avicenna in the fourth/tenth and fifth/ eleventh centuries, and which eventually (in the sixth/twelfth century and after) appeared to be inclined to propose a mingling of the kalăm discourse with falsafa in a series of varied "syntheses".--Focusing on the simple ontology of the basic kalăm atomism, and noting the hybrid charac...

Footprints of "experiment" in early Arabic optics.

Early Science and Medicine — Sun, 18 Oct 2009 04:40:03 +0100

This study traces the early developments of the concept of experiment with a view of extending the subject in both content and approach. It extends the content of the subject slightly backward, prior to the methodological breakthroughs of the Optics of Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen or Alhacen, d. ca. 1040), which are credited as a "significant landmark in the history of experimental science." And it extends the approach to the subject slightly forward, from the premise that early science was "largely carried out in books," to a close examination of the books through which the footprints of'experiment' may be traced. The point of departure is the Optics of Ahmad ibn 'Isă, a revealing text for the early developments of concepts such as 'demonstration' and 'experiment', and one through which ...

The "experience-based medicine" of the thirteenth century.

Early Science and Medicine — Sun, 18 Oct 2009 04:40:03 +0100

Authors: McVaugh M We should not assume that medieval physicians did not take pains to found their practice upon evidence. Academic physicians at Montpellier ca. 1300 were cautious about accepting textbook claims for the powers of drugs, and tried to verify each drug's physiological effects before using it; yet they were also flexible, ready to believe that powerful new medicines might be discovered empirically that were unknown to their authorities or superficially inconsistent with existing knowledge. Likewise, physicians were careful to observe their patients closely and to try to identify the condition from which each was suffering, and when they were unsure of the nature of an illness, they feared to administer medicines lest their known effects might be harmful to the patient. An...

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The intellect naturalized: Roger Bacon on the existence of corporeal species within the intellect.

Early Science and Medicine — Sun, 18 Oct 2009 04:40:03 +0100

Authors: Raizman-Kedar Y In this paper I challenge the claim that Bacon considered the operation of species as limited to the physical and sensory levels and demonstrate that in his view, the very same species issued by physical objects operate within the intellect as well. I argue that in Bacon the concept of illumination plays a secondary role in the acquisition of knowledge, and that he regarded innate knowledge as dispositional and confused. What was left as the main channel through which knowledge is gained were species received through the senses. I argue that according to Bacon these species, representing their agents in essence, definition and operation, arrive in the intellect without undergoing a complete abstraction from matter and while still retaining the character of agen...

Magic and the physical world in thirteenth-century scholasticism.

Early Science and Medicine — Sun, 18 Oct 2009 04:40:03 +0100

Authors: Marrone SP The turn to modern science in the Scientific Revolution of the seventeenth century is typically characterized as dependent on the novel adoption of a mechanical hypothesis for operations in nature. In fact, the Middle Ages saw a partial anticipation of this phenomenon in the scholastic physics of the thirteenth century. More precisely, it was just the two factors, denial of action at a distance and an emphasis on the primary materiality of causation, that constituted this early mechanism--or "protomechanism." The latter's emergence can be seen most clearly where scholastic thinkers-here, William of Auvergne, Thomas Aquinas and Giles of Rome--confronted the theoretical limits of natural cause and effect in their efforts to determine the reality of magic and locate it...

Editors' note.

Bulletin of the History of Medicine — Tue, 06 Oct 2009 22:42:02 +0100

Authors: PMID: 19801791 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Bulletin of the History of Medicine)

Presidential Address: Quarantining Women: Venereal Disease Rapid Treatment Centers in World War II America.

Bulletin of the History of Medicine — Tue, 06 Oct 2009 22:42:02 +0100

Authors: Concern about the infection of servicemen and essential war workers with venereal disease led the U.S. Public Health Service, with the cooperation of state and local health officials, to set up a national program of venereal disease quarantine hospitals during World War II. Although some of the hospitals eventually accepted men, the initial purpose of these facilities was to detain and treat venereally affected prostitutes and "promiscuous women" who were considered a threat to the war effort. Using quarantine powers, officials forcibly detained venereally infected women and treated them for their disease. The hospitals were generally known as "rapid treatment centers" because of the methods employed to treat venereal disease. Health officials were especially concerned that p...

The odd case of charles knowlton: anatomical performance, medical narrative, and identity in antebellum america.

Bulletin of the History of Medicine — Tue, 06 Oct 2009 22:42:02 +0100

Authors: In early-nineteenth-century America, anatomical narrative was crucial to the acquisition and performance of medical identity. Dissecting the dead, robbing graves, making and exhibiting "anatomical preparations," and joking with bodies and body parts all served to affirm membership in the cult of medical knowledge. So did telling stories about such things. Through an examination of the autobiography of Charles Knowlton (1800-1850), a rural physician who practiced in northwestern Massachusetts, this article argues that the recitation and exchange of anatomical stories enabled medical practitioners to assert professional identity, healing competence, and filiations with theories and cliques. In both content and performance, the anatomical tale rehearsed the storyteller's structu...

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Hydropathy at home: the water cure and domestic healing in mid-nineteenth-century britain.

Bulletin of the History of Medicine — Tue, 06 Oct 2009 22:42:02 +0100

This article explores domestic practices of hydropathy in Britain, suggesting that these formed a major contribution to the popularity of the system in the mid-nineteenth century. Domestic hydropathy was encouraged by hydropathic practitioners in their manuals and in the training they provided at their establishments. We argue that hydropathy can be seen as belonging to two interacting spheres, the hydro and the home, and was associated with a mission to encourage self-healing practices as well as commercial interests. Home treatments were advocated as a follow-up to attendance at hydros and encouraged as a low-cost option for those unable to afford such visits. Domestic hydropathy emphasized the high profile of the patient and was depicted as being especially appropriate for women, though...

European cloth and "tropical" skin: clothing material and british ideas of health and hygiene in tropical climates.

Bulletin of the History of Medicine — Tue, 06 Oct 2009 22:42:02 +0100

This article investigates the composition and use of such clothing in relation to British ideas of health and hygiene in tropical climates. First, it considers debates that ensued over the best material-wool, cotton, linen, silk, or a combination of these materials-and the role of "black" skin and local practice in the development of tropical clothing. Second, it demonstrates the importance of location in any discussion of tropical medicine and hygiene, and the tension and ambiguity that still surrounded British ideas of health and hygiene in the tropical colonies. Third, it argues that tropical clothing was important in the maintenance of climatic etiologies despite advances in parasitology and sanitary science. Finally, it considers the relationship of tropical clothing to the formation ...

American association for the history of medicine: report of the eighty-second annual meeting.

Bulletin of the History of Medicine — Tue, 06 Oct 2009 22:42:02 +0100

Authors: PMID: 19801796 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Bulletin of the History of Medicine)

News and events.

Bulletin of the History of Medicine — Tue, 06 Oct 2009 22:42:02 +0100

Authors: PMID: 19801797 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Bulletin of the History of Medicine)

Books received.

Bulletin of the History of Medicine — Tue, 06 Oct 2009 22:42:02 +0100

Authors: PMID: 19801798 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Bulletin of the History of Medicine)

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Books Received

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences — Thu, 01 Oct 2009 16:22:05 +0100

(Source: Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences)

Recent dissertations in the history of medicine

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences — Thu, 01 Oct 2009 16:22:05 +0100

(Source: Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences)

Reinventing Depression: A History of the Treatment of Depression in Primary Care, 1940-2004

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences — Thu, 01 Oct 2009 16:22:05 +0100

(Source: Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences)

The White House Physician: A History from Washington to George W. Bush

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences — Thu, 01 Oct 2009 16:22:05 +0100

(Source: Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences)

Reforming Medical Education: The University of Illinois College of Medicine, 1880-1920

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences — Thu, 01 Oct 2009 16:22:05 +0100

(Source: Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences)

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Mania: A Short History of Bipolar Disorder

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences — Thu, 01 Oct 2009 16:22:05 +0100

(Source: Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences)

History, Medicine, and the Traditions of Renaissance Learning

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences — Thu, 01 Oct 2009 16:22:05 +0100

(Source: Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences)

Asklepios, Medicine, and the Politics of Healing in Fifth-Century Greece: Between Craft and Cult

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences — Thu, 01 Oct 2009 16:22:04 +0100

(Source: Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences)

Letter to the Editor

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences — Thu, 01 Oct 2009 16:22:04 +0100

(Source: Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences)

Advocating for the History of the Health Sciences Libraries and Librarians

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences — Thu, 01 Oct 2009 16:22:04 +0100

(Source: Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences)

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What Was Tropical about Tropical Neurasthenia? The Utility of the Diagnosis in the Management of British East Africa

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences — Thu, 01 Oct 2009 16:22:04 +0100

This article shows that tropical neurasthenia remained a popular diagnosis in East Africa not only because (as historians have argued previously) it dovetailed with prevalent ideas of colonial acclimatization, but also because it was a practically useful tool in the management and regulation of colonial personnel. (Source: Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences)

The Leprosy Asylum in India: 1886-1947

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences — Thu, 01 Oct 2009 16:22:04 +0100

Writing against a historical practice that situates the leprosy asylum exclusively within prison-like institutions, this article seeks to show the variation in leprosy asylums, the contingencies of their evolution, and the complexity of their designs, by devoting attention to the characteristics of the leprosy asylum in India from 1886 to 1947, in particular to the model agricultural colony. Drawing upon the travel narratives of Wellesley Bailey, the founder of the Mission to Lepers in India, for three separate periods in 1886, 1890–91, and 1895–96, it argues that leprosy asylums were formed in response to a complex conjunction of impulses: missionary, medical, and political. At the center of these endeavors was the provision of shelter for persons with leprosy that accorded wi...

"Who's Winning the Human Race?" Cold War as Pharmaceutical Political Strategy

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences — Thu, 01 Oct 2009 16:22:04 +0100

Between 1959 and 1962, Senator Estes Kefauver led a congressional investigation into the pricing practices of U.S. drug firms. As part of its defense, the industry mobilized the rhetoric of cold war and promoted the industry as a critical national asset in the global war against communism. The industry argued that any effort to undermine corporate innovation by inviting, as Kefauver proposed, greater government involvement in drug development threatened the public's health and invited socialism—in the form of socialized medicine—into the domestic political economy. This strategy proved critical to the industry's efforts to build political support for itself, particularly among the medical profession, and undermine Kefauver's reform agenda. (Source: Journal of the History of Med...

The Fog of Research: Influenza Vaccine Trials during the 1918-19 Pandemic

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences — Thu, 01 Oct 2009 16:22:04 +0100

Bacterial vaccines of various sorts were widely used for both preventive and therapeutic purposes during the great influenza pandemic of 1918–19. Some were derived exclusively from the Pfeiffer's bacillus, the presumed cause of influenza, while others contained one or more other organisms found in the lungs of victims. Although initially most reports of the use of these vaccines claimed that they prevented influenza or pneumonia, the results were inconsistent and sometimes contradictory. During the course of the debates over the efficacy of these vaccines, it became clear that the medical profession had no consensus on what constituted a proper vaccine trial. Even among those who asserted that clinical impression was not enough, there was no agreement on how a trial ought to be condu...

David Skae: resident asylum physician; scientific general practitioner of insanity.

Medical History — Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Barfoot M PMID: 19876510 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Medical History)

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From the "silent killer" to the "whispering disease": ovarian cancer and the uses of metaphor.

Medical History — Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Jasen P PMID: 19876511 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Medical History)

Between the clinic and the laboratory: ethology and pharmacology in the work of Michael Robin Alexander Chance, c.1946-1964.

Medical History — Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Kirk RG PMID: 19876512 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Medical History)

Medical officers of health, gender and government responses to the problem of cancer in Britain, 1900-1940.

Medical History — Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Melling J, Dale P PMID: 19876513 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Medical History)

"It could be seen more clearly in unreasonable animals than in humans": the representation of the rete mirabile in early modern anatomy.

Medical History — Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Pranghofer S PMID: 19876514 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Medical History)

Essays in Medical Biography

Journal of Medical Biography — Mon, 31 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100

(Source: Journal of Medical Biography)

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Maritime Quarantine: The British Experience, ca. 1650-1900

Journal of Medical Biography — Mon, 31 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100

(Source: Journal of Medical Biography)

Tropical medicine: an illustrated history of the pioneers

Journal of Medical Biography — Mon, 31 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100

(Source: Journal of Medical Biography)

Astley Cooper's herniotome

Journal of Medical Biography — Mon, 31 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100

(Source: Journal of Medical Biography)

Medical student Bertolt Brecht (1898-1956)

Journal of Medical Biography — Mon, 31 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Bertolt Brecht was one of the most important dramatists of the 20th century. At the start of his career he studied literature but switched from the humanities to medicine. This paper discusses reasons for this switch, the influence of his medical experiences on his poetic work and why he eventually abandoned his medical career. His political development towards Marxism is described and a short sketch of his theory of theatre is given. He is considered the most important German-speaking dramatist of the 20th century. (Source: Journal of Medical Biography)

Henry Wellcome (1853-1936) and his institute

Journal of Medical Biography — Mon, 31 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100

(Source: Journal of Medical Biography)

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Leonard Craske (1878-1950): from medical student to sculptor

Journal of Medical Biography — Mon, 31 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Leonard Craske (1878–1950), born and raised in London, England, spent two years as a medical student at St Thomas' Hospital Medical School. Following this, he worked as an actor and studied drawing and sculpting. After emigrating to the USA and settling in Boston, he became an accomplished sculptor, creating the well-known Fishermen's Memorial in Gloucester, Massachusetts, the work for which he is best remembered. (Source: Journal of Medical Biography)

John Singer Sargent (1856-1925) and his medical legacy

Journal of Medical Biography — Mon, 31 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100

(Source: Journal of Medical Biography)

James Hector (1834-1907): doctor, geologist, explorer of Western Canada

Journal of Medical Biography — Mon, 31 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100

The objectives of the expedition were to explore the plains of North America along the 49th parallel of latitude, the recently agreed boundary between the USA and Canada, and investigate passes through the Rocky Mountains for possible railway passage. Hector's contribution was immense, his dedication and endurance contributing in large measure to the success of the venture. (Source: Journal of Medical Biography)

Waldenstrom's syndromes

Journal of Medical Biography — Mon, 31 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100

(Source: Journal of Medical Biography)

Tuberculosis in the Ottoman harem in the 19th century

Journal of Medical Biography — Mon, 31 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100

At least four of the sultans who ruled during the 19th century suffered from tuberculosis (TB), and probably many of the women and children in the harem too. Life there was crowded with low standards of hygiene, resulting in high mortality, especially among children. Infectious diseases were the main killers and TB was one of the many factors behind the decline and fall of the empire. (Source: Journal of Medical Biography)

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Alexander's (356-323 BC) expeditionary Medical Corps 334-323 BC

Journal of Medical Biography — Mon, 31 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Alexander had a profound interest in medicine and healing. Original Greek texts survive mainly from the works of Plutarch and Arrian. This paper examines original sources naming the physicians who participated in Alexander's expedition in Asia, the battle injuries he sustained and his final illness in Babylon. (Source: Journal of Medical Biography)

Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900): a classical case of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) syndrome?

Journal of Medical Biography — Mon, 31 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Friedrich Nietzsche was one of the most influential and profound German philosophers. After prolonged illness, he died at the age of 55 in Weimar, Germany. The interest in his medical biography has always been strong while the cause of his illness and death has remained a mystery, intriguing philosophers as well as physicians. The diagnosis of syphilis proposed in the 19th century has been controversial until today and many other diagnoses have been discussed. This paper suggests that Nietzsche suffered from mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes syndrome. (Source: Journal of Medical Biography)

Harley Street addresses and residents

Journal of Medical Biography — Mon, 31 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100

(Source: Journal of Medical Biography)

The chemistry of light: the life and work of Theobald Adrian Palm (1848-1928)

Journal of Medical Biography — Mon, 31 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100

The chemistry of light examines the work of Dr Theobald Palm. After his graduation from Edinburgh University, Palm joined the Edinburgh medical mission and was sent to Niigata in Japan where he remained for 10 years. During this time he noted the absence of rickets (a disease rife in Britain) in Japanese children and instituted a survey from which he deduced that sunlight deficiency was implicated in the aetiology of rickets. Unfortunately, he was largely ignored by the medical world. This paper seeks to contextualize his work. By placing Palm's study within a historical and social framework, its reception can be explained more easily. (Source: Journal of Medical Biography)

Guillaume Dupuytren (1777-1835) and his contracture

Journal of Medical Biography — Mon, 31 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100

(Source: Journal of Medical Biography)

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Sir Hans Adolf Krebs (1900-81), pioneer of modern medicine, architect of intermediary metabolism

Journal of Medical Biography — Mon, 31 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Krebs was born in Hildesheim (North Germany) and graduated (MD) from the University of Munich in 1923. He was assistant to Otto Warburg (1926–30) who taught tissue slicing and manometry which Krebs used to complete his three great works: The Detoxification of Ammonia (Freiburg im Breisgau 1933), The Degradation of Foods to provide Energy for Life (Sheffield 1937) and Gluconeogenesis (Oxford 1963). He was elected Fellow of the Royal Society of London (FRS) in 1947, Nobel Laureate in 1953 and KBE in 1958. (Source: Journal of Medical Biography)

15 Cavendish Square, London

Journal of Medical Biography — Mon, 31 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100

(Source: Journal of Medical Biography)

Jonathan Osborne (1794-1864) MD FRCPI: a crypto-neurologist

Journal of Medical Biography — Mon, 31 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Jonathan Osborne was born in Dublin and educated in Trinity College Dublin, where he became Professor of Materia Medica. As physician to Sir Patrick Dun's and Mercer Hospitals he reported extensively on those patients who came under his care. In his native city he is remembered for the instruments he devised, for his studies on dropsies (particularly albuminuric nephritis), and for his therapeutic approach to epilepsy and neuralgia. It is his thorough analysis of a patient with conduction aphasia in 1833, however, which has stood the test of time. (Source: Journal of Medical Biography)

Venereal disease and the great

Journal of Medical Biography — Mon, 31 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100

(Source: Journal of Medical Biography)

George Guthrie's clinical trial at the Napoleonic War Battle of Toulouse in 1814

Journal of Medical Biography — Mon, 31 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100

George James Guthrie (1785-1856) was a British military surgeon who came to prominence during the Napoleonic Wars (1803-15). He wrote several books on military surgery and was President of the Royal College of Surgeons of England three times. However, his most innovative and important achievement has largely gone unrecognised by modern historians. In 1814, at the battle of Toulouse in the Peninsular Campaign, he performed a landmark early trial of the treatment of musket wounds to the thigh. Here we not only discuss this clinical trial and place it in its social context, but also present the pathological skeletal specimens of two wounded British soldiers who took part in it. (Source: Journal of Medical Biography)

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Notes and Jottings

Journal of Medical Biography — Mon, 31 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100

(Source: Journal of Medical Biography)

Thomas Henry Osler (1875-1936): a descendant of Sir William Osler's great-uncle and the founder of a South African medical dynasty

Journal of Medical Biography — Mon, 31 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Sir William Osler's great-uncle Benjamin emigrated from England to South Africa with his wife and children in 1820. From Benjamin's son, Stephen, descended a large family of Oslers including at least seven doctors and dentists. This paper describes the lives and careers of Thomas Henry, and his medical and dental descendants. (Source: Journal of Medical Biography)

George N Papanicolaou (1883-1962) MD

Journal of Medical Biography — Mon, 31 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100

(Source: Journal of Medical Biography)

Edgar Haydon (1859-1942): general practitioner and radium pioneer

Journal of Medical Biography — Mon, 31 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Edgar Haydon was a general practitioner in Newton Abbot, Devon, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He introduced radium therapy to the cottage hospital in this small market town in 1914 at a time when many cities lacked this facility. He raised funds for the building of a cancer wing and an extension to the hospital that were completed in 1927. This paper describes his fund-raising efforts, some of his cases and the way in which radium treatment influenced the number of cancers treated in the hospital. The hospital's records are fragmentary and leave many questions unanswered about the practicalities of radium treatment in those early years. (Source: Journal of Medical Biography)

Book-collecting for medical biographers

Journal of Medical Biography — Mon, 31 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100

(Source: Journal of Medical Biography)

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Diagnostic reappraisal of disease in famous persons

Journal of Medical Biography — Mon, 31 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100

(Source: Journal of Medical Biography)

Notes on Book Reviewers