MedWorm: Lipidology

Prostate specific antigen levels reduced by statin therapy

MedWire News - Lipidology — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 16:24:29 +0100

Study results show that statin use reduces prostate-specific antigen levels in patients with prostate cancer. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)

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Diet induced changes in omega 3 and 6 fatty acids may reduce prostate cancer cell growth

MedWire News - Lipidology — Thu, 19 Nov 2009 16:28:20 +0100

Consumption of a low fat diet leading to reduced omega-6 and increased omega-3 fatty acids is associated with decreased prostate cancer cell growth, according to the results of a US trial. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)

LDL cholesterol continues to decrease in USA, but still room for improvement

MedWire News - Lipidology — Thu, 19 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Study results show that the prevalence of high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the USA has decreased significantly since 1999, but use of lipid lowering medications could still be improved. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)

Low triglycerides are risk factor for hemorrhagic stroke

MedWire News - Lipidology — Wed, 18 Nov 2009 16:37:42 +0100

Low triglyceride levels are associated with an increased risk for hemorrhagic stroke, particularly in men and those with hypertension or low lipid levels, a large French population-based study has found. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)

LDL:HDL cholesterol ratio is marker of early atherosclerosis

MedWire News - Lipidology — Wed, 18 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

The ratio of low-density to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol is associated with the burden of carotid plaque and may thus serve as a marker of early atherosclerosis, Japanese researchers believe. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)

Concern about possible adverse lipid effects of high selenium levels

MedWire News - Lipidology — Tue, 17 Nov 2009 16:36:00 +0100

Individuals with increased levels of plasma selenium have elevated total and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, show results published in the Journal of Nutrition. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)

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Patients with familial dyslipidemia have high levels of ferritin

MedWire News - Lipidology — Tue, 17 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Patients with familial combined hyperlipidemia or familial hypertriglyceridemia have high levels of ferritin, report researchers. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)

Smoking and fatty liver increase risk for the metabolic syndrome

MedWire News - Lipidology — Mon, 16 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Individuals who smoke and who have fatty liver disease have a significantly increased risk for the metabolic syndrome and its individual components, report investigators. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)

Fasting and measurement of triglycerides do not add to CHD risk prediction

MedWire News - Lipidology — Sat, 14 Nov 2009 16:28:22 +0100

Researchers in the UK have shown that estimation of coronary heart disease risk does not benefit from obtaining fasting as opposed to nonfasting lipid measures, and is not significantly influenced by concentration of triglycerides. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)

Persistence of an atherogenic lipid profile after treatment of acute infection with brucella [Patient-Oriented and Epidemiological Research]

The Journal of Lipid Research — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 19:24:49 +0100

Serum lipid changes during infection may be associated with atherogenesis. No data are available on the effect of Brucellosis on lipids. Lipid parameters were determined in 28 patients with Brucellosis on admission and 4 months following treatment and were compared with 24 matched controls. Fasting levels of total cholesterol (TC), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides, apolipoproteins (Apo) A, B, E CII, and CIII, and oxidized LDL (oxLDL) were measured. Activities of serum cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP), paraoxonase 1 (PON1), and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) and levels of cytokines [interleukins (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNFa)] were also determined. On admission, patients compared with controls had 1) lower levels of TC, HDL-C, LDL-chol...

Chronic kidney disease delays VLDL-apoB-100 particle catabolism: potential role of apolipoprotein C-III [Patient-Oriented and Epidemiological Research]

The Journal of Lipid Research — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 19:24:49 +0100

To determine the relative contribution of obesity and/or insulin resistance (IR) in the development of dyslipidemia in chronic kidney disease (CKD), we investigated the transport of apolipoprotein (apo) B-100 in nonobese, nondiabetic, nonnephrotic CKD subjects and healthy controls (HC). We determined total VLDL, VLDL1, VLDL2, intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL), and LDL-apoB-100 using intravenous D3-leucine, GC-MS, and multicompartmental modeling. Plasma apoC-III and apoB-48 were immunoassayed. In this case control study, we report higher plasma triglyceride, IDL-, VLDL-, VLDL1-, and VLDL2-apoB-100 concentrations in CKD compared with HC (P < 0.05). This was associated with decreased fractional catabolic rates [FCRs (pools/day)] [IDL:CKD 3.4 (1.6) vs. HC 5.0 (3.2), P < 0.0001; VLDL...

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Esterase 22 and beta-glucuronidase hydrolyze retinoids in mouse liver [Research Articles]

The Journal of Lipid Research — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 19:24:49 +0100

In conclusion, our observations implicate that both Es22 and Gus play a role in liver retinoid metabolism. (Source: The Journal of Lipid Research)

A novel role for fatty acid transport protein 1 in the regulation of tricarboxylic acid cycle and mitochondrial function in 3T3-L1 adipocytes [Research Articles]

The Journal of Lipid Research — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 19:24:49 +0100

Fatty acid transport proteins (FATPs) are integral membrane acyl-CoA synthetases implicated in adipocyte fatty acid influx and esterification. Whereas some FATP1 translocates to the plasma membrane in response to insulin, the majority of FATP1 remains within intracellular structures and bioinformatic and immunofluorescence analysis of FATP1 suggests the protein primarily resides in the mitochondrion. To evaluate potential roles for FATP1 in mitochondrial metabolism, we used a proteomic approach following immunoprecipitation of endogenous FATP1 from 3T3-L1 adipocytes and identified mitochondrial 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase. To assess the functional consequence of the interaction, purified FATP1 was reconstituted into phospholipid-containing vesicles and its effect on 2-oxoglutarate dehydro...

The chemical chaperone 4-phenylbutyrate inhibits adipogenesis by modulating the unfolded protein response [Research Articles]

The Journal of Lipid Research — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 19:24:49 +0100

Recent studies have shown a link between obesity and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Perturbations in ER homeostasis cause ER stress and activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). Adipocyte differentiation contributes to weight gain, and we have shown that markers of ER stress/UPR activation, including GRP78, phospho-eIF2, and spliced XBP1, are upregulated during adipogenesis. Given these findings, the objective of this study was to determine whether attenuation of UPR activation by the chemical chaperone 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA) inhibits adipogenesis. Exposure of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes to 4-PBA in the presence of differentiation media decreased expression of ER stress markers. Concomitant with the suppression of UPR activation, 4-PBA resulted in attenuation of adipogenesis as mea...

Human tear film and meibum. Very long chain wax esters and (O-acyl)-omega-hydroxy fatty acids of meibum [Research Articles]

The Journal of Lipid Research — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 19:24:49 +0100

Human meibum was targetly analyzed for the presence of intact wax esters (WEs) and related compounds by means of reverse-phase HPLC in combination with ion trap mass spectrometry. The major detected WEs were based on C18:n (n = 1–4) unsaturated FAs ranking in the following order of abundance: C18:1>C18:2>C18:3>C18:4. The major fatty alcohols (FAls) found in WE were of saturated nature and varied from C18:0 to C28:0. The three most abundant species were C18:1-FA esters of C24:0, C25:0, and C26:0-FAl. Typically, a major compound based on C18:1-FA and a saturated FAl was accompanied by a few related compounds based on a C18:2, C18:3, and C18:4-FA. Contrary to previous reports, no epoxy-WEs or epoxy-FAs were detected in fresh and 1-year-old meibum samples. More than 20 (O-acyl)-...

Whole-body synthesis secretion of docosahexaenoic acid from circulating eicosapentaenoic acid in unanesthetized rats [Research Articles]

The Journal of Lipid Research — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 19:24:49 +0100

Dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3) are considered important for maintaining normal heart and brain function, but little EPA is found in brain, and EPA cannot be elongated to DHA in rat heart due to the absence of elongase-2. Ingested EPA may have to be converted in the liver to DHA for it to be fully effective in brain and heart, but the rate of conversion is not agreed on. This rate was determined in male adult rats fed a standard n-3 PUFA, containing diet by infusing unesterified albumin-bound [U-13C]EPA intravenously for 2 h and measuring esterified [13C]labeled PUFAs in arterial plasma lipoproteins, as well as the specific activity of unesterified plasma EPA. Whole-body (presumably hepatic) synthesis secretion rates from circulating une...

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Convergence of the 5-LOX and COX-2 pathways: heme-catalyzed cleavage of the 5S-HETE-derived di-endoperoxide into aldehyde fragments [Research Articles]

The Journal of Lipid Research — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 19:24:49 +0100

Oxygenation of the 5-lipoxygenase product 5S-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid by cyclooxygenase-2 yields a bicyclic di-endoperoxide. The di-endoperoxide contains two peroxides spanning from carbons 9 to 11 and 8 to 12, and two hydroxyls at carbons 5 and 15 of arachidonic acid (Schneider C., et al. 2006. Convergent oxygenation of arachidonic acid by 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase-2. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128: 720). Here, we report that treatment of the di-endoperoxide with hematin or ferrous chloride results in cleavage of both peroxide O-O bonds and of the bonds between the carbons that carry the peroxide groups, producing the aldehydes 4-hydroxy-2E-nonenal (4-HNE), 8-oxo-5S-hydroxy-6E-octenoic acid, and malondialdehyde (MDA). The hematin- and ferrous iron-catalyzed transformation of the di-end...

Molecular mechanism of recombinant liver fatty acid binding protein's antioxidant activity [Research Articles]

The Journal of Lipid Research — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 19:24:49 +0100

We examined the antioxidant mechanism of a recombinant rat L-FABP in the presence of a hydrophilic (AAPH) or lipophilic (AMVN) free radical generator. Recombinant L-FABP amino acid sequence and its amino acid oxidative products following oxidation were identified by MALDI quadrupole time-of-flight MS after being digested by endoproteinase Glu-C. L-FABP was observed to have better antioxidative activity when free radicals were generated by the hydrophilic generator than by the lipophilic generator. Oxidative modification of L-FABP included up to five methionine oxidative peptide products with a total of ~80 Da mass shift compared with native L-FABP. Protection against lipid peroxidation of L-FABP after binding with palmitate or -bromo-palmitate by the AAPH or AMVN free radical generators in...

Analysis of pregnenolone and dehydroepiandrosterone in rodent brain: cholesterol autoxidation is the key [Research Articles]

The Journal of Lipid Research — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 19:24:49 +0100

Pregnenolone (PREG) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and their respective sulfated forms PREGS and DHEAS, were among the first steroids to be identified in rodent brain. However, unreliable steroid isolation and solvolysis procedures resulted in errors, particularly in the case of brain steroid sulfates analyzed by radioimmunology or GC-MS of liberated free steroids. By using a solid-phase extraction recycling/elution procedure, allowing the strict separation of sulfated, free, and fatty acid esters of PREG and DHEA, PREGS and DHEAS, unlike free PREG, were not detected in rat and mouse brain and plasma. Conversely, considerable amounts of PREG and DHEA were released from unknown precursor(s) present in the lipoidal fraction, distinct from fatty acid ester conjugates. Chromatographic and ...

GPIHBP1 stabilizes lipoprotein lipase and prevents its inhibition by angiopoietin-like 3 and angiopoietin-like 4 [Research Articles]

The Journal of Lipid Research — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 19:24:49 +0100

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored HDL-binding protein (GPIHBP1) binds both LPL and chylomicrons, suggesting that GPIHBP1 is a platform for LPL-dependent processing of triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins. Here, we investigated whether GPIHBP1 affects LPL activity in the absence and presence of LPL inhibitors angiopoietin-like (ANGPTL)3 and ANGPTL4. Like heparin, GPIHBP1 stabilized but did not activate LPL. ANGPTL4 potently inhibited nonstabilized LPL as well as heparin-stabilized LPL but not GPIHBP1-stabilized LPL. Like ANGPTL4, ANGPTL3 inhibited nonstabilized LPL but not GPIHBP1-stabilized LPL. ANGPTL3 also inhibited heparin-stabilized LPL but with less potency than nonstabilized LPL. Consistent with these in vitro findings, fasting serum TGs of Angptl4–/–/Gpihbp1–/&n...

Characterization of cis-9 trans-11 trans-15 C18:3 in milk fat by GC and covalent adduct chemical ionization tandem MS [Research Articles]

The Journal of Lipid Research — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 19:24:49 +0100

The objective of this work was to identify a new isomer of octatridecenoic acid present in milk fat from ewes fed different sources of -linolenic acid. Structural characterization of this fatty acid was achieved by GC-MS. Analysis of dimethyloxazoline and picolinyl ester derivatives allowed for location of the double bond positions. Covalent adduct chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry confirmed the positional structure 9-11-15, identical to RLnA, and helped to establish double bond geometry (cis-trans-trans). This new C18:3 isomer could be formed by isomerization of cis-15 bond of RLnA and subsequently converted by hydrogenation to trans-11 trans-15 C18:2, an octadecadienoic acid also detected in this study. (Source: The Journal of Lipid Research)

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Improved cholesterol phenotype analysis by a model relating lipoprotein life cycle processes to particle size [Research Articles]

The Journal of Lipid Research — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 19:24:49 +0100

Increased plasma cholesterol is a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Lipoprotein particles transport both cholesterol and triglycerides through the blood. It is thought that the size distribution of these particles codetermines cardiovascular disease risk. New types of measurements can determine the concentration of many lipoprotein size-classes but exactly how each small class relates to disease risk is difficult to clear up. Because relating physiological process status to disease risk seems promising, we propose investigating how lipoprotein production, lipolysis, and uptake processes depend on particle size. To do this, we introduced a novel model framework (Particle Profiler) and evaluated its feasibility. The framework was tested using existing stable isotope flux data. Th...

AMPK inhibitor Compound C stimulates ceramide production and promotes Bax redistribution and apoptosis in MCF7 breast carcinoma cells [Research Articles]

The Journal of Lipid Research — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 19:24:49 +0100

In this study, we found that Compound C treatment of MCF7 cells led to Bax redistribution from the cytoplasm to mitochondria and cell death. However, this effect does not involve AMPK. In addition, we found that treatment with this compound leads to an enhanced ceramide production. Analyses by quantitative PCR and ceramide synthase activity assay suggest that ceramide synthase 5 (LASS/CerS 5) is involved in Compound C-induced ceramide upregulation. Downregulation of LASS/CerS 5 was found to attenuate Compound C-mediated ceramide production, Bax redistribution, and cell death. (Source: The Journal of Lipid Research)

Docosahexaenoic acid reduces suppressive and migratory functions of CD4CD25 regulatory T-cells [Research Articles]

The Journal of Lipid Research — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 19:24:49 +0100

In this study, we observed that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, diminished, in a dose-dependent manner, the capacity of Treg cells to inhibit the CD4+CD25– effector T-cell proliferation. DHA not only reduced the migration of Treg cells toward chemokines but also downregulated the mRNA expression of CCR-4 and CXCR-4 in Treg cells. DHA also curtailed ERK1/2 and Akt phosphorylation and downregulated the Smad7 levels in these cells. Contradictorily, DHA upregulated the mRNA expression of Foxp3, CTLA-4, TGF-β, and IL-10; nonetheless, this fatty acid increased the expression of p27KIP1 mRNA, known to be involved in Treg cell unresponsiveness. In Foxp3-immunoprepitated nuclear proteins, DHA upregulated histone desacetylase 7 levels that would again partic...

15(S)-Lipoxygenase-1 associates with neutral lipid droplets in macrophage foam cells: evidence of lipid droplet metabolism [Research Articles]

The Journal of Lipid Research — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 19:24:49 +0100

15(S)-lipoxygenase-1 (15-LO-1) was present in the whole-cell homogenate of an acute human monocytic leukemia cell line (THP-1). Additionally, 15-LO-1 was detected on neutral lipid droplets isolated from THP-1 foam cells. To investigate if 15-LO-1 is active on lipid droplets, we used the mouse leukemic monocytic macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7), which are stably transfected with human 15-LO-1. The RAW 15-LO-1 cells were incubated with acetylated low density lipoprotein to generate foam cells. 15(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid [15(S)-HETE], the major 15-LO-1 metabolite of arachidonic acid, was produced in the 15-LO-1 RAW but not in the mock transfected cells when incubated with arachidonic acid. Lipid droplets were isolated from the cells and incubated with arachidonic acid, and production ...

LXR ligand lowers LDL cholesterol in primates, is lipid neutral in hamster, and reduces atherosclerosis in mouse [Research Articles]

The Journal of Lipid Research — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 19:24:49 +0100

Liver X receptors (LXRs) are ligand-activated transcription factors that coordinate regulation of gene expression involved in several cellular functions but most notably cholesterol homeostasis encompassing cholesterol transport, catabolism, and absorption. WAY-252623 (LXR-623) is a highly selective and orally bioavailable synthetic modulator of LXR, which demonstrated efficacy for reducing lesion progression in the murine LDLR–/– atherosclerosis model with no associated increase in hepatic lipogenesis either in this model or Syrian hamsters. In nonhuman primates with normal lipid levels, WAY-252623 significantly reduced total (50–55%) and LDL-cholesterol (LDLc) (70–77%) in a time- and dose-dependent manner as well as increased expression of the target genes ABCA1/G...

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Bile acid transporters [Thematic Reviews]

The Journal of Lipid Research — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 19:24:48 +0100

This article will review our current understanding of the physiological role and regulation of these important carriers. (Source: The Journal of Lipid Research)

Bringing retinoid metabolism into the 21st century [Commentary]

The Journal of Lipid Research — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 19:24:48 +0100

(Source: The Journal of Lipid Research)

Stabilizing lipoprotein lipase [Commentary]

The Journal of Lipid Research — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 19:24:48 +0100

(Source: The Journal of Lipid Research)

BMI and adiponectin affect APOE impact on lipid profile of obese children

MedWire News - Lipidology — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 16:26:29 +0100

The impact of apolipoprotein E gene variants on lipid profile in obese children and adolescents is affected by body mass index and adiponectin levels, research suggests. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)

Determination of enthalpy of formation of methyl and ethyl esters of fatty acids.

Chemistry and Physics of Lipids — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Lapuerta M, Rodríguez-Fernández J, Oliva F Biofuels composed by fatty acid methyl esters are widely used as partly substituting fuels for diesel fossil fuels. Additionally, it is expected that the diesel biofuel norms will be extended to ethyl esters produced from bioethanol in the upcoming years. A precise knowledge of the standard enthalpy of formation is necessary for the calculation of some parameters useful for the analysis of the combustion process and emissions of a diesel engine operating with different fuels, such as the heating value, the adiabatic flame temperature or the kinetic mechanisms. However, experimental data for this property are scarce, and only available for short chain, saturated methyl esters. In this work, four estimation methods for the cal...

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Baseline lipids not predictive for stroke in NOMAS

MedWire News - Lipidology — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Results from the Northern Manhattan Study show that baseline lipid levels were not associated with incident stroke in a cohort of older individuals without previous myocardial infarction. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)

LDL cholesterol and adiponectin levels linked to necrotic core-rich coronary plaque

MedWire News - Lipidology — Thu, 12 Nov 2009 16:31:14 +0100

High levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low adiponectin concentration are both associated with necrotic core-rich coronary plaque, show results from an ultrasound imaging study. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)

Reconstituted HDL improves platelet function in Type 2 diabetics

MedWire News - Lipidology — Thu, 12 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Study results show that reconstituted high-density lipoprotein therapy reduces the hyper-reactivity of platelets of patients with Type 2 diabetes, partly by lowering the cholesterol content of platelet membranes. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)

Statins and LXR receptor agonists offer ovarian cancer hope

MedWire News - Lipidology — Thu, 12 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Statins and liver X receptor agonists could become an effective adjunct therapy against ovarian cancer, US researchers say. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)

Long-term statin use reduces risk for gallstones and cholecystectomy

MedWire News - Lipidology — Wed, 11 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Individuals who use statins for more than a year have significantly reduced risk for developing gallstones followed by cholecystectomy, report researchers. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)

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The solubilisation of boar sperm membranes by different detergents - a microscopic, MALDI TOF MS, 31P NMR and PAGE study on membrane lysis, extraction efficiency, lipid and protein composition

Lipids in Health and Disease — Wed, 11 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The boar sperm membranes are solubilised to a different extent by the used detergents. Particularly, the very unique DRMs isolated after Triton X-100 exposure are interesting candidates for further studies regarding the architecture of sperm. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Men with low cholesterol have reduced risk for high-grade prostate cancer

MedWire News - Lipidology — Tue, 10 Nov 2009 16:59:04 +0100

Study results show that men with low total cholesterol have a reduced risk for high-grade prostate cancer. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)

Adiponectin linked to CV risk factors, inflammation

MedWire News - Lipidology — Tue, 10 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Adiponectin, a recently identified adipocyte-derived protein, is closely correlated with cardiovascular risk factors such as insulin resistance and lipid abnormalities, a study in healthy premenopausal women suggests. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)

Effect of tocopherol on surface properties of plastid lipids originating from wheat calli cultivated in cadmium presence.

Chemistry and Physics of Lipids — Mon, 09 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Gzyl-Malcher B, Zembala M, Filek M The behaviour of equimolar mixtures of alpha-tocopherol with monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) and phospholipids (PL) isolated from wheat calli cultured on media with and without cadmium was investigated at the air-water interface by surface pressure-area (pi-A) measurements established using an automated Langmuir-type film balance. It was found that monolayers of all studied compounds were expanded. The additivity rule was not fulfilled and the collapse pressure of mixtures was different from these recorded for pure components. This can be related with the existence of interactions between molecules in mixed monolayers. Tocopherol diminished the differences between parameters of monolayers formed by li...

SAA-LDL shows early promise in CV risk-assessment

MedWire News - Lipidology — Mon, 09 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

A new biomarker, serum amyloid A–low-density lipoprotein, is useful for assessing cardiovascular risk in people with lipid disorders, show Japanese researchers. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)

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High HDL and total cholesterol linked to reduced cancer risk

MedWire News - Lipidology — Mon, 09 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Results from a long-term follow-up study show that men with high total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels have a reduced risk for developing cancer compared with those with lower levels. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)

Silent PAD predicts adverse outcome in stroke/TIA patients

MedWire News - Lipidology — Fri, 06 Nov 2009 16:15:58 +0100

The presence of asymptomatic peripheral arterial disease in patients with stroke or transient ischemic attack is a major risk factor for recurrent vascular events, a study indicates. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)

Oxyfunctionalization of Unactivated C-H Bonds in Triterpenoids with tert-Butylhydroperoxide Catalyzed by meso-5,10,15,20-Tetramesitylporphyrinate Osmium(II) Carbonyl Complex.

Chemistry and Physics of Lipids — Fri, 06 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Ogawa S, Wakatsuki Y, Makino M, Fujimoto Y, Yasukawa K, Kikuchi T, Ukiya M, Akihisa T, Iida T A system consisting of meso-5,10,15,20-tetramesitylporphyrinate osmium(II) carbonyl complex [Os(TMP)CO] as a precatalyst and tert-butylhydroperoxide (TBHP) as an oxygen donor is shown to be an efficient, regioselective oxidant system for the allylic oxidation, ketonization and hydroxylation of unactivated C-H bonds in a series of the peracetate derivatives of penta- and tetracyclic triterpenoids. Treatment of the substrates with this oxidant system afforded a variety of novel or scarce oxygenated derivatives in one-step. Structures of the isolated components, after chromatographic separation, were determined by spectroscopic methods including GC-MS and shift-correlated 2D-NMR techniqu...

Properties of sesame oil by detailed (1)H and (13)C-NMR assignments before and after ozonation and their correlation with iodine value, peroxide value, and viscosity measurements.

Chemistry and Physics of Lipids — Fri, 06 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Sega A, Zanardi I, Chiasserini L, Gabbrielli A, Bocci V, Travagli V Gaseous ozone chemically reacts with unsaturated triglyceride substrates leading to ozonated derivatives with a wide potential applications, ranging from the petrochemical to the pharmaceutical industry. To date, an ultimate understanding of the ozone reactivity during sesame oil ozonation process as well as detailed (1)H and (13)C-NMR assignments are lacking. A practical advantage of NMR is that a single NMR sample measurement can explain many issues, while similar analysis by traditional methods may require several independent and time-consuming measurements. Moreover, significant relationships among NMR spectra and both conventional chemical analysis and viscosity measurements have been found. Eventually, N...

A high yield procedure for the preparation of arsonolipids (2,3-diacyloxypropylarsonic acids).

Chemistry and Physics of Lipids — Fri, 06 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Ioannou PV, Tsivgoulis GM The crucial step in the preparation of the title arsonolipids starting from the dichloromethane-soluble dithioarsonite CH(2)(OH)CH(OH)CH(2)-As(SPh)(2) is to avoid an internal cyclization during the acylation which protects the primary -OH group from being acylated. This was to a large extent accomplished by using fatty acyl chloride in the presence of the weak base pyridine and controlling the temperature and rate of the acyl chloride addition, giving approximately 70% yields of arsonolipids. The presence of catalytic amounts of 4-dimethylaminopyridine boosted the yields to 82-85%. This yield is a great improvement over the yields (20-55%) previously achieved. The acylating systems (RCO)(2)O or RCOCl and BF(3).Et(2)O gave only moderate yields (25-60%)...

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Liposome fractionation and size analysis by asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation/multi-angle light scattering: influence of ionic strength and osmotic pressure of the carrier liquid.

Chemistry and Physics of Lipids — Fri, 06 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Hupfeld S, Moen HH, Ausbacher D, Haas H, Brandl M Asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AsFlFFF) / multi-angle light scattering (MALS) was employed for studying filter-extruded liposomes in carrier solutions with different ionic strength and osmolarity. By dilution of preformed liposome suspensions with different media, only the ionic strength in the external free aqueous phase was changed. Under such conditions the liposomes were found to elute at almost identical elution times, which is in contrast to earlier studies. This may be explained by two opposing effects: a) modulation of interparticulate and particle-wall-repulsion effects and b) osmotic stress-induced changes in vesicle size. The latter effect was demonstrated when analysing liposomes upon dilution in media ...

The intact muscle lipid composition of bulls:

Chemistry and Physics of Lipids — Fri, 06 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

The objective of the study was to investigate whether matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry and (31)P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy are useful tools to study the intact lipid composition of beef. For the MALDI-TOF MS and (31)P NMR investigations muscle samples were selected from a feeding experiment with German Simmental bulls fed different diets. Beside the triacylglycrol (TAGs), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylinositol (PI) species the MALDI-TOF mass spectra of total muscle lipids gave also intense signals of cardiolipin (CL) species.The application of different matrix compounds, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB) and 9-aminoacridine (9-AA), leads to completely different mass spect...

Impact of the long chain omega-acyl ceramides on the Stratum corneum lipid nanostructure. Part 1: Thermotropic phase behaviour of CER[EOS] and CER[EOP] studied using X-ray powder diffraction and FT-Raman spectroscopy.

Chemistry and Physics of Lipids — Fri, 06 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Kessner D, Brezesinski G, Funari SS, Dobner B, Nëubert RH The stratum corneum (SC), the outermost layer of the mammalian skin, is the main skin barrier. Ceramides (CERs) as the major constituent of the SC lipid matrix are of particular interest. At the moment, eleven classes of CERs are identified, but the effect of each single ceramide species is still not known. Therefore in this article, the thermotropic behaviour of the long chain omega-acylceramides CER[EOS] and CER[EOP] was studied using X-ray powder diffraction and FT-Raman spectroscopy. It was found that the omega-acylceramides CER[EOS] and CER[EOP] do not show a pronounced polymorphism which is observed for shorter chain ceramides as a significant feature. The phase behaviour of both ceramides is strongly influen...

High systemic PFOA and PFOS linked to elevated total cholesterol

MedWire News - Lipidology — Fri, 06 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Individuals with high systemic levels of the man-made chemicals perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonate have high total cholesterol levels compared with unexposed individuals, report researchers. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)

Rotator cuff injury linked to dyslipidemia

MedWire News - Lipidology — Fri, 06 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Patients with rotator cuff tendon tears are more likely to have an adverse lipid profile than controls, report researchers. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)

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Statins may protect against venous thromboembolism

MedWire News - Lipidology — Thu, 05 Nov 2009 16:29:05 +0100

Patients with prior stroke or myocardial infarction who are treated with statins have a reduced risk for venous thromboembolism compared with nonusers, report researchers. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)

Smoking intensity measurements differ in lipoprotein effect

MedWire News - Lipidology — Thu, 05 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Different measures of smoking intensity appear to have differing impacts on lipoprotein levels, US research suggests. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)

Nicotinic acid shows potential as atherosclerosis therapeutic agent

MedWire News - Lipidology — Thu, 05 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

High-dose, modified-release nicotinic acid can reduce carotid atherosclerosis in statin-treated patients with low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and evidence of atherosclerosis, trial findings indicate. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)

High-risk women with dyslipidemia still undertreated

MedWire News - Lipidology — Wed, 04 Nov 2009 16:50:19 +0100

Results from the L-TAP 2 study show that, although treatment of women with dyslipidemia has improved over the past 10 years, it is still suboptimal compared with men especially among high-risk women. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)

Colesevelam effective in pediatric familial hypercholesterolemia

MedWire News - Lipidology — Wed, 04 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Treatment with colesevelam hydrochloride markedly reduces low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in children with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, research shows. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)

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Metabolic syndrome increases risk for preterm birth

MedWire News - Lipidology — Tue, 03 Nov 2009 16:20:41 +0100

Pregnant women with the metabolic syndrome in early pregnancy have an increased risk for preterm birth, show study results. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)

Elevated HDL cholesterol has protective effect on carotid IMT

MedWire News - Lipidology — Tue, 03 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Having high levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol appears to have a protective effect on carotid intima-media thickness, say investigators. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)

Non-drug therapies prevalent, effective in hypercholesterolemia

MedWire News - Lipidology — Mon, 02 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Most people with high cholesterol levels use non-drug diet and lifestyle measures as advised by their doctors, a Spanish population survey shows. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)

Statins may reduce cholesterol content of erythrocyte membranes

MedWire News - Lipidology — Sat, 31 Oct 2009 16:05:34 +0100

Statin treatment is associated with reductions in the cholesterol content of erythrocyte membranes, a study suggests. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)

Social deprivation tied to greater atherosclerosis burden

MedWire News - Lipidology — Fri, 30 Oct 2009 16:16:48 +0100

People living in socioeconomically deprived areas have an increased burden of carotid atherosclerosis that is not fully explained by either classic or emerging cardiovascular risk factors, show UK researchers. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)

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Simultaneous Monitoring of Electroformation of Phospholipid Vesicles by Quartz Crystal Microbalance and Optical Microscopy.

Chemistry and Physics of Lipids — Fri, 30 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Niri VH, Flatt BK, Fakhraai Z, Forrest JA The electroformation of giant vesicles from 1, 2-Dimyristoyl-sn-Glycero-3-Phosphocholine (DMPC) was monitored using Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) and optical microscopy, simultaneously using a novel sample cell design. A gold-coated QCM crystal was used as one of the electrodes and an Indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass slide was used as the second electrode for electroformation. Increases in the frequency and decreases in the dissipation were observed immediately upon voltage application between the two electrodes, indicating the loss of lipid from the QCM surface. Concurrently, we observed vesicles on the QCM electrode surface by differential interference contrast (DIC)-optical microscopy. The lipid-...

Biophysical studies of the interaction of squalamine and other cationic amphiphilic molecules with bacterial and eukaryotic membranes. Importance of the distribution coefficient in membrane selectivity.

Chemistry and Physics of Lipids — Fri, 30 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Di Pasquale E, Salmi-Smail C, Brunel JM, Sanchez P, Fantini J, Maresca M The interaction of squalamine (SQ) with eukaryotic and prokaryotic membranes was studied and compared with the interaction of two other cationic amphipathic antimicrobials (CAA), i.e. the antibiotic polymyxin B (PMB) and the detergent hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). Whole cell experiments showed that the three CAA have in common the ability to interact with lipopolysaccharide-containing membranes through a divalent cation sensitive process. Differences were found regarding their kinetics of membrane permeabilisation and their selectivity for bacteria, with a preferential permeabilisation of bacteria by PMB > SQ and no selectivity for CTAB. Experiments with lipid monolayers and bilayers showe...

Marine animal pigment can improve lipid levels in hypertriglyceridemia

MedWire News - Lipidology — Fri, 30 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

A natural pigment produced by marine animals can improve the lipid and adiponectin levels of people with moderately elevated triglyceride levels, Japanese trial findings suggest. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)

Male relatives of women with PCOS ‘at increased risk for metabolic syndrome’

MedWire News - Lipidology — Thu, 29 Oct 2009 16:17:19 +0100

The fathers and brothers of women with polycystic ovary syndrome are at increased risk for the metabolic syndrome compared with men in the general population, show US researchers. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)

Oxidizability of cardiac cardiolipin in Triton X-100 micelles as determined by using a Clark electrode.

Chemistry and Physics of Lipids — Thu, 29 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Roginsky V The kinetics of the chain free-radical oxidation of cardiolipin (CL), a unique phospholipid containing four linoleate moieties, have been studied for the first time. The technique based on monitoring oxygen consumption by using a Clark electrode was applied to determine the oxidizability of CL during its initiated oxidation in aqueous Triton X-100 micelles in 50mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.40, at 37 degrees C. The oxidizability was characterized by the k(2)/2k(3) ratio, where k(2) and k(3) are the rate constants for the reaction of chain propagation (LO(2)+LH-->LOOH+L) and chain termination (2LO(2)-->products), correspondingly. The oxidizability of CL (in M(-0.5) s(-0.5)) was found to be of 0.62+/-0.07 (calculated on the basis of a single linoleate fragment) that...

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Atorvastatin improves response to treatment for erectile dysfunction

MedWire News - Lipidology — Thu, 29 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Atorvastatin therapy improves the response to sildenafil of men with erectile dysfunction and hypercholesterolemia, report researchers. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)

Association of serum levels of lipid and its novel constituents with the different stages of esophageal carcinoma

Lipids in Health and Disease — Thu, 29 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: The present study shows that the decreased oxLDL and oxLDL-ab and the elevated oxLDL-lgM serum levels may relate to the development and progression of ESSC. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

A diet including high n-3 fatty acids lowers triglycerides in patients with HIV

MedWire News - Lipidology — Wed, 28 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

A controlled diet including a high concentration of n-3 fatty acids significantly reduces triglyceride concentrations in patients with HIV, report researchers. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)

Raising HDL-C level reduces CVD risk independently of LDL-C lowering

MedWire News - Lipidology — Tue, 27 Oct 2009 16:34:08 +0100

Increasing levels of anti-atherogenic lipids by 1% typically decreases the risk for cardiovascular disease events by 2%, a relationship that is independent of changes in atherogenic lipids, researchers have shown. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)

Hyperhomocysteinemia linked to CVD via atherogenic lipids

MedWire News - Lipidology — Tue, 27 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

The link between increased plasma levels of homocysteine and cardiovascular disease is due, in part, to a reduction in the size of low-density lipoprotein particles and higher levels of oxidized LDL, Korean scientists believe. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)

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Cholesterol synthesis changes found in FCH

MedWire News - Lipidology — Mon, 26 Oct 2009 16:51:42 +0100

A comparison of individuals with familial combined hyperlipidemia and their unaffected relatives has taken scientists a step closer to understanding causes of the lipid disorder. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)

Binding of a cationic phenazinium dye in anionic liposomal membrane: A spectacular modification in the photophysics.

Chemistry and Physics of Lipids — Mon, 26 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Bose D, Ghosh D, Das P, Girigoswami A, Sarkar D, Chattopadhyay N Interaction of a cationic phenazinium dye, phenosafranin (PSF), with the anionic liposomal vesicle/bilayer of dimyristoyl-L-alpha-phosphatidylglycerol (DMPG) has been demonstrated using steady-state and time resolved fluorescence and fluorescence anisotropy techniques. The charge transfer emission spectrum of PSF shows a dramatic modification in terms of fluorescence yield together with an appreciable hypsochromic shift in the lipid environment. The blue shift indicates a lowering in polarity inside the vesicle as compared to that in bulk water. The fluorescence and fluorescence quenching studies and micropolarity determination reveal that the cationic fluorophore has a profound binding interaction with the anion...

Correction: Modulation Peroxisome Proliferators Activated Receptor alpha (PPAR alpha) and Acyl Coenzyme A: Cholesterol Acyltransferase1 (ACAT1) Gene expression by Fatty Acids in Foam cell

Lipids in Health and Disease — Mon, 26 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Following publication of this work [1] Dr Emamian has requested to be be removed as an author as although he saw the first draft he did not see the second and did not approve the work for publication. He also specifically requested not to be included as an author. An apology is extended to Dr Emamian. The Authors Contributions section has been modified as below. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Miglustat improves lipid profile in Type 1 Gaucher disease

MedWire News - Lipidology — Mon, 26 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Treatment with miglustat significantly improves the lipid profile of individuals with Type 1 Gaucher disease, study results published in the journal Atherosclerosis suggest. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)

Prescription omega-3 ethyl esters alter lipoprotein composition

MedWire News - Lipidology — Fri, 23 Oct 2009 15:40:57 +0100

Prescription omega-3-acid ethyl esters induce changes in the size, concentration, and composition of lipoproteins that could have relevance for the atherothrombotic process, researchers report. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)

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Lipid Domains and Mechanical Plasticity of Escherichia coli Lipid Monolayers.

Chemistry and Physics of Lipids — Fri, 23 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: López-Montero I, Arriaga LR, Rivas G, Vélez M, Monroy F Lipid monolayers can be laterally dilated under the action of the barriers in a Langmuir trough thus allowing for measurements of their mechanical response. We study the stress response of E. coli polar lipid extract and POPC against oscillatory deformations stressed up to a 20 % of the initial area. For E. coli monolayers a nonlinear regime described by a series of Fourier harmonics of the excitation mode is found beyond a critical strain (u(C) approximately 1%). In contrast, the mechanical response of POPC monolayers is found linear upon much larger deformations. For E. coli monolayers the stress-strain plot reflects stress softening (plastic-like) behaviour whilst POPC behaves as a linear elastic body. No vis...

Mediterranean diet may protect against metabolic syndrome

MedWire News - Lipidology — Fri, 23 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Following a Mediterranean-style diet could prevent development of the metabolic syndrome, researchers say after studying descendents from the original Framingham Heart Study. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)

Adding omega-3 to sertraline does not improve depression outcomes in CHD patients

MedWire News - Lipidology — Thu, 22 Oct 2009 15:37:50 +0100

Adding omega-3 fatty acids to sertraline therapy does not improve depressive outcomes for patients with both coronary heart disease and major depression, report researchers. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)

SCD1 inhibitor plus fish oil protects against atherosclerosis

MedWire News - Lipidology — Thu, 22 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Combination treatment with fish oils and an inhibitor of stearoyl co-enzyme A desaturase 1 offers “dramatic” protection against both atherosclerosis and the metabolic syndrome in animals and may be a future clinical treatment option, say scientists. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)

Femoral, carotid plaques predict long-term CVD risk

MedWire News - Lipidology — Thu, 22 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Carotid and femoral atherosclerotic plaques, detected by ultrasound, predict the risk of cardiovascular disease in middle-aged men, findings from a decade-long study confirm. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)

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Amyloid-beta colocalizes with apolipoprotein B in absorptive cells of the small intestine

Lipids in Health and Disease — Wed, 21 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The findings of this study are consistent with the possibility that amyloid-beta is secreted by enterocytes as an apolipoprotein component of chylomicrons. However, secretion of amyloid-beta appears to be independent of chylomicron biogenesis (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Ad36 infection linked to high triglycerides in Korean school children

MedWire News - Lipidology — Wed, 21 Oct 2009 15:33:15 +0100

Infection with the human adenovirus 36 is associated with high triglycerides in Korean school children, report researchers. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)

PON-1 dysregulation in obesity linked to reduced cellular repair, protection

MedWire News - Lipidology — Wed, 21 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Reduced paraoxonase -1 activity may be one mechanism underlying the accelerated cellular oxidative damage and arteriosclerosis seen in obese individuals, say Italian researchers. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)

Benefit of intensive LDL cholesterol reduction ‘the same in all age groups’

MedWire News - Lipidology — Tue, 20 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

High-risk men of all ages, including those over the age of 80 years, can benefit from intensive reductions in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, a large retrospective study has found. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)

Low and moderate-fat plant sterol fortified soy milk in modulation of plasma lipids and cholesterol kinetics in subjects with normal to high cholesterol concentrations: report on two randomized crossover studies

Lipids in Health and Disease — Mon, 19 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Background: Although consumption of various plant sterol (PS)-enriched beverages is effective in lowering plasma cholesterol, the lipid-lowering potential of PS in a soymilk format has not been investigated thoroughly. Therefore, to evaluate the efficacy of PS-enriched soy beverages on plasma lipids and cholesterol kinetics, we conducted two separate 28 d dietary controlled cross-over studies. In study 1, the cholesterol-lowering efficacy of a low-fat (2 g/serving) PS enriched soy beverage was examined in 33 normal cholesterolemic subjects in comparison with 1% dairy milk. In study 2, we investigated the efficacy of a moderate-fat (3.5 g/serving) PS-enriched soy beverage on plasma cholesterol concentrations and cholesterol kinetic responses in 23 hypercholesterolemic subjects compared with...

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Triglycerides predict excess CHD risk in UK South Asians

MedWire News - Lipidology — Mon, 19 Oct 2009 15:22:28 +0100

Fasting triglyceride level predicts risk for coronary heart disease and metabolic disorders in individuals from the Indian sub-continent who have emigrated to the UK, study findings suggest. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)

Lipid profile, alcohol intake linked to abdominal aortic aneurysm risk

MedWire News - Lipidology — Mon, 19 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Regular heavy drinking and high serum lipoprotein (Lp)(a) levels are independently associated with increasing infrarenal aortic diameters in people with classical cardiovascular risk factors, researchers report. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)

Alaskan Eskimos also vulnerable to CVD

MedWire News - Lipidology — Sat, 17 Oct 2009 14:50:10 +0100

A US study has found high rates of coronary heart disease and stroke among Eskimos in Alaska, despite generally favorable levels of low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)

Adipocytokines do not predict CHD in healthy men

MedWire News - Lipidology — Fri, 16 Oct 2009 15:09:45 +0100

Circulating levels of adipocytokines are unrelated to the risk for coronary heart disease events in healthy middle-aged men, a European study has found. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)

HDL-based contrast agents show promise in atherosclerosis imaging

MedWire News - Lipidology — Fri, 16 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Contrast agents based on high-density lipoprotein show promise for the diagnosis of atherosclerosis, researchers report. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)

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Long term effects on human plasma lipoproteins of a formulation enriched in butter milk polar lipid.

Lipids in Health and Disease — Thu, 15 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The study did not show any significant decrease on plasma lipids or lipoprotein levels of an SL-enriched formulation containing 2-3 times more SL than the normal dietary intake on cholesterol, other plasma lipids or on energy intake. The formulation A may, however, have counteracted the trend towards increased blood lipid concentrations caused by increased energy intake that was seen with the B formulation. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

ERRATA [Errata]

The Journal of Lipid Research — Thu, 15 Oct 2009 15:46:21 +0100

(Source: The Journal of Lipid Research)

Metabolic precursors of surfactant disaturated-phosphatidylcholine in preterms with respiratory distress [Patient-Oriented and Epidemiological Research]

The Journal of Lipid Research — Thu, 15 Oct 2009 15:46:21 +0100

Our objective was to study the metabolic precursors of surfactant disaturated-phosphatidylcholine (DSPC) in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) on mechanical ventilation. We performed 46 DSPC kinetic studies in 23 preterms on fat-free parenteral nutrition and mechanical ventilation (birth weight = 1167 ± 451 g, gestational age = 28.5 ± 2.0 weeks). Eight infants received a simultaneous intravenous infusion of U13C-glucose and [16,16,16]2H-palmitate, eight infants received U13C-glucose and 2H2O, and seven received U13C-palmitate and 2H2O. Surfactant DSPC kinetics were calculated from the isotopic enrichments of DSPC-palmitate from sequential tracheal aspirates and its metabolic precursors in plasma or urine. DSPC fractional synthesis rate (FSR) was 17 &plus...

Myocardial lipid accumulation in patients with pressure-overloaded heart and metabolic syndrome [Patient-Oriented and Epidemiological Research]

The Journal of Lipid Research — Thu, 15 Oct 2009 15:46:21 +0100

We evaluated the role of sterol-regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)-1c/peroxisome proliferator activated receptor- (PPAR) pathway on heart lipotoxicity in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) and aortic stenosis (AS). Echocardiographic parameters of heart function and structural alterations of LV specimens were studied in patients with (n = 56) and without (n = 61) MS undergoing aortic valve replacement. Tissues were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (H and E) and oil red O for evidence of intramyocyte lipid accumulation. The specimens were also analyzed with PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemical analysis for SREBP-1c and PPAR. Ejection fraction (EF) was lower in MS compared with patients without MS (P < 0.001); no difference was found in aortic orifice surface among the group...

Functional interaction of hormone-sensitive lipase and perilipin in lipolysis [Research Articles]

The Journal of Lipid Research — Thu, 15 Oct 2009 15:46:21 +0100

Adipocyte lipolysis is controlled by complex interactions of lipases, cofactors, and structural proteins associated with lipid droplets. Perilipin (Plin) A is a major droplet-associated protein that functions as a scaffold, both suppressing basal and facilitating cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA)-stimulated lipolysis. Plin is required for the translocation of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) from the cytosol to lipid droplets upon stimulation. In these studies, we provide direct evidence for a physical interaction of HSL with Plin. By coexpressing HSL with truncation mutations of Plin, we demonstrate using coimmunoprecipitation that HSL can interact with an N-terminal region located between amino acids 141 and 200 of Plin A as well as with a C-terminal region located between amino acids 40...

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Pharmacological inhibition of ABCA1 degradation increases HDL biogenesis and exhibits antiatherogenesis [Research Articles]

The Journal of Lipid Research — Thu, 15 Oct 2009 15:46:21 +0100

We examined whether this approach could be a potential antiatherogenic treatment. Although probucol inhibits both the activity and degradation of ABCA1, its oxidized products, spiroquinone and diphenoquinone, reduce degradation of ABCA1 without inhibiting its activity or altering transcription of the ABCA1 gene. Accordingly, both compounds enhanced apolipoprotein A-I/ABCA1-dependent generation of HDL in vitro, and increased hepatic ABCA1 and plasma HDL without increasing antioxidant activity in plasma when given to rabbits. Both compounds also decreased vascular lipid deposition in cholesterol-fed rabbits. We therefore conclude that stabilization of ABCA1 against calpain-mediated degradation is a novel and potentially important strategy to increase HDL formation and prevent atherosclerosis...

Spatial and temporal alterations of phospholipids determined by mass spectrometry during mouse embryo implantation [Research Articles]

The Journal of Lipid Research — Thu, 15 Oct 2009 15:46:21 +0100

In this study, we used MALDI imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) technologies to characterize the spatial and temporal distribution of phospholipid species associated with mouse embryo implantation. Molecular images showing phospholipid distribution within implantation sites changed markedly between distinct cellular areas during days 4–8 of pregnancy. For example, by day 8, linoleate- and docosahexaenoate-containing phospholipids localized to regions destined to undergo cell death, whereas oleate-containing phospholipids localized to angiogenic regions. Arachidonate-containing phospholipids showed different segregation patterns depending on the lipid class, revealing a strong correlation of phosphatidylethanolamines and phosphatidylinositols with cytosolic phospholipase A2 and cyclooxyg...

Hepatic retinol secretion and storage are altered by dietary CLA: common and distinct actions of CLA c9,t11 and t10,c12 isomers [Research Articles]

The Journal of Lipid Research — Thu, 15 Oct 2009 15:46:21 +0100

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a polyunsaturated fatty acid obtained from ruminant products. Previous studies in rats and pigs showed that a dietary equimolar mixture of c9,t11 and t10,c12 CLA isomers induces changes in serum and tissue levels of retinoids (vitamin A derivatives). However, the mechanism(s) responsible for these actions remain(s) unexplored. Given the numerous crucial biological functions regulated by retinoids, it is key to establish whether the perturbations in retinoid metabolism induced by dietary CLA mediate some of the beneficial effects associated with intake of this fatty acid or, rather, have adverse consequences on health. To address this important biological question, we began to explore the mechanisms through which dietary CLA alters retinoid metabolism. By u...

Sphingomyelin synthase SMS2 displays dual activity as ceramide phosphoethanolamine synthase [Research Articles]

The Journal of Lipid Research — Thu, 15 Oct 2009 15:46:21 +0100

Sphingolipids are vital components of eukaryotic membranes involved in the regulation of cell growth, death, intracellular trafficking, and the barrier function of the plasma membrane (PM). While sphingomyelin (SM) is the major sphingolipid in mammals, previous studies indicate that mammalian cells also produce the SM analog ceramide phosphoethanolamine (CPE). Little is known about the biological role of CPE or the enzyme(s) responsible for CPE biosynthesis. SM production is mediated by the SM synthases SMS1 in the Golgi and SMS2 at the PM, while a closely related enzyme, SMSr, has an unknown biochemical function. We now demonstrate that SMS family members display striking differences in substrate specificity, with SMS1 and SMSr being monofunctional enzymes with SM and CPE synthase activit...

A quantitative assay measuring the function of lipase maturation factor 1 [Research Articles]

The Journal of Lipid Research — Thu, 15 Oct 2009 15:46:21 +0100

In this report, we describe optimized conditions that ensure the detection of a complete range of Lmf1 function (full, partial, or complete loss of function) using LPL activity as the quantitative reporter. To illustrate the dynamic range of the assay, we tested several novel mutations in mouse Lmf1. Our results demonstrate the ability of the assay to detect and analyze Lmf1 mutations having a wide range of effects on Lmf1 function and protein expression. (Source: The Journal of Lipid Research)

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Marked upregulation of cholesterol 25-hydroxylase expression by lipopolysaccharide [Research Articles]

The Journal of Lipid Research — Thu, 15 Oct 2009 15:46:21 +0100

During screening of genes upregulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS; endotoxin) treatment of bone marrow-derived mouse macrophages, it was unexpectedly found that cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (Ch25h) was strongly upregulated. Treatment of macrophages with 10 ng/ml of LPS for 2 h resulted in a 35-fold increase in the expression of Ch25h. In contrast, LPS treatment did not increase the expression of Cyp27a1 or Cyp7b1. The increased Ch25h expression was found to be independent of Myeloid differentiation protein 88 signaling but dependent on Toll-like receptor 4 signaling. LPS treatment of macrophages caused a 6- to 7-fold increase in cellular 25-hydroxycholesterol concentration. When macrophages were treated with increasing concentrations of 25-hydroxycholesterol, a dose-dependent release of CCL5 ...

Production and characterization of monoclonal anti-sphingosine-1-phosphate antibodies [Research Articles]

The Journal of Lipid Research — Thu, 15 Oct 2009 15:46:21 +0100

This report describes the successful production and characterization of a murine monoclonal antibody, LT1002, directed against S1P, using novel immunization and screening methods applied to bioactive lipids. We also report the successful generation of LT1009, the humanized variant of LT1002, for potential clinical use. Both LT1002 and LT1009 have high affinity and specificity for S1P and do not cross-react with structurally related lipids. Using an in vitro bioassay, LT1002 and LT1009 were effective in blocking S1P-mediated release of the pro-angiogenic and prometastatic cytokine, interleukin-8, from human ovarian carcinoma cells, showing that both antibodies can out-compete S1P receptors in binding to S1P. In vivo anti-angiogenic activity of all antibody variants was demonstrated using th...

Influence of class B scavenger receptors on cholesterol flux across the brush border membrane and intestinal absorption [Research Articles]

The Journal of Lipid Research — Thu, 15 Oct 2009 15:46:20 +0100

To learn more about how the step of cholesterol uptake into the brush border membrane (BBM) of enterocytes influences overall cholesterol absorption, we measured cholesterol absorption 4 and 24 h after administration of an intragastric bolus of radioactive cholesterol in mice with scavenger receptor class B, type 1 (SR-BI) and/or cluster determinant 36 (CD36) deleted. The cholesterol absorption efficiency is unaltered by deletion of either one or both of the receptors. In vitro determinations of the cholesterol uptake specific activity of the BBM from the mice reveal that the scavenger receptors facilitate cholesterol uptake into the proximal BBM. It follows that cholesterol uptake into the BBM is not normally rate-limiting for the cholesterol absorption process in vivo; a subsequent step,...

Mechanism of inhibition defines CETP activity: a mathematical model for CETP in vitro [Research Articles]

The Journal of Lipid Research — Thu, 15 Oct 2009 15:46:20 +0100

Because cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibition is a potential HDL-raising therapy, interest has been raised in the mechanisms and consequences of CETP activity. To explore these mechanisms and the dynamics of CETP in vitro, a mechanistic mathematical model was developed based upon the shuttle mechanism for lipid transfer. Model parameters were estimated from eight published experimental datasets, and the resulting model captures observed dynamics of CETP in vitro. Simulations suggest the shuttle mechanism yields behaviors consistent with experimental observations. Three key findings predicted from model simulations are: 1) net CE transfer activity from HDL to VLDL and LDL can be significantly altered by changing the balance of homoexchange versus heteroexchange of neutral lip...

Mice lacking Pctp /StarD2 exhibit increased adaptive thermogenesis and enlarged mitochondria in brown adipose tissue [Research Articles]

The Journal of Lipid Research — Thu, 15 Oct 2009 15:46:20 +0100

Pctp–/– mice that lack phosphatidylcholine transfer protein (Pctp) exhibit a marked shift toward utilization of fatty acids for oxidative phosphorylation, suggesting that Pctp may regulate the entry of fatty acyl-CoAs into mitochondria. Here, we examined the influence of Pctp expression on the function and structure of brown adipose tissue (BAT), a mitochondrial-rich, oxidative tissue that mediates nonshivering thermogenesis. Consistent with increased thermogenesis, Pctp–/– mice exhibited higher core body temperatures than wild-type controls at room temperature. During a 24 h cold challenge, Pctp–/– mice defended core body temperature efficiently enough that acute, full activation of BAT thermogenic genes did not occur. Brown adipocytes lacking Pctp harb...

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Signaling through cholesterol esterification: a new pathway for the cholecystokinin 2 receptor involved in cell growth and invasion [Research Articles]

The Journal of Lipid Research — Thu, 15 Oct 2009 15:46:20 +0100

Several studies indicate that cholesterol esterification is deregulated in cancers. The present study aimed to characterize the role of cholesterol esterification in proliferation and invasion of two tumor cells expressing an activated cholecystokinin 2 receptor (CCK2R). A significant increase in cholesterol esterification and activity of Acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) was measured in tumor cells expressing a constitutively activated oncogenic mutant of the CCK2R (CCK2R-E151A cells) compared with nontumor cells expressing the wild-type CCK2R (CCK2R-WT cells). Inhibition of cholesteryl ester formation and ACAT activity by Sah58-035, an inhibitor of ACAT, decreased by 34% and 73% CCK2R-E151A cell growth and invasion. Sustained activation of CCK2R-WT cells by gastrin increased ch...

Fenofibrate and PBA prevent fatty acid-induced loss of adiponectin receptor and pAMPK in human hepatoma cells and in hepatitis C virus-induced steatosis [Research Articles]

The Journal of Lipid Research — Thu, 15 Oct 2009 15:46:20 +0100

Adiponectin receptors play a key role in steatosis and inflammation; however, very little is known about regulation of adiponectin receptors in liver. Here, we examined the effects of palmitate loading, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and the hypolipidemic agent fenofibrate on adiponectin receptor R2 (AdipoR2) levels and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in human hepatoma Huh7 cells and in Huh.8 cells, a model of hepatitis C-induced steatosis. Palmitate treatment reduced AdipoR2 protein and basal AMPK phosphorylation in Huh7 cells. Fenofibrate treatment preserved AdipoR2 and phosphorylated AMPK (pAMPK) levels in palmitate-treated cells accompanied by reduced triglyceride (TG) accumulation and less activation of ER stress markers CCAAT/enhancer binding (C/EBPβ) and eukaryotic tran...

Depletion of phosphatidylcholine affects endoplasmic reticulum morphology and protein traffic at the Golgi complex [Research Articles]

The Journal of Lipid Research — Thu, 15 Oct 2009 15:46:20 +0100

The mutant Chinese hamster ovary cell line MT58 contains a thermosensitive mutation in CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase, the regulatory enzyme in the CDP-choline pathway. As a result, MT58 cells have a 50% decrease in their phosphatidylcholine (PC) level within 24 h when cultured at the nonpermissive temperature (40°C). This is due to a relative rapid breakdown of PC that is not compensated for by the inhibition of de novo PC synthesis. Despite this drastic decrease in cellular PC content, cells are viable and can proliferate by addition of lysophosphatidylcholine. By [3H]oleate labeling, we found that the FA moiety of the degraded PC is recovered in triacylglycerol. In accordance with this finding, an accumulation of lipid droplets is seen in MT58 cells. Analysis of PC-depleted...

Attenuated suppression of the oxidative burst by cells dying in the presence of oxidized low density lipoprotein [Research Articles]

The Journal of Lipid Research — Thu, 15 Oct 2009 15:46:20 +0100

Macrophages ingesting apoptotic cells attenuate inflammatory responses, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. In atherosclerosis, ongoing inflammation and accumulation of apoptotic/necrotic material are observed, suggesting defects of phagocytes in recognizing or responding to dying cells. Modified lipoproteins such as oxidized LDL (oxLDL) are known to promote inflammation and to interfere with apoptotic cell clearance. Here, we studied the impact of cells exposed to oxLDL on their ability to interfere with the oxidative burst in phagocytes. In contrast to apoptotic cells, cells dying in response to or in the presence of oxLDL failed to suppress ROS generation despite efficiently being taken up by phagocytes. In addition, apoptotic cells, but not oxLDL-treated cells, inhibited ...

Reducing CYP51 inhibits follicle-stimulating hormone induced resumption of mouse oocyte meiosis in vitro [Research Articles]

The Journal of Lipid Research — Thu, 15 Oct 2009 15:46:20 +0100

Meiosis activating sterol, produced directly by lanosterol 14--demethylase (CYP51) during cholesterol biosynthesis, has been shown to promote the initiation of oocyte meiosis. However, the physiological significance of CYP51 action on oocyte meiosis in response to gonadotrophins’ induction remained to be further explored. Herein, we analyzed the role of CYP51 in gonadotrophin-induced in vitro oocyte maturation via RNA interference (RNAi). We showed that although both luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) significantly induced meiotic resumption in follicle-enclosed oocytes (FEOs), the effect of LH on oocyte meiosis resumption in FEOs was weaker than FSH. Moreover, both FSH and LH were able to upregulate CYP51 expression in cultured follicular granulosa cells...

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Gadolinium-containing phosphatidylserine liposomes for molecular imaging of atherosclerosis [Research Articles]

The Journal of Lipid Research — Thu, 15 Oct 2009 15:46:20 +0100

Exteriorized phosphatidylserine (PS) residues in apoptotic cells trigger rapid phagocytosis by macrophage scavenger receptor pathways. Mimicking apoptosis with liposomes containing PS may represent an attractive approach for molecular imaging of atherosclerosis. We investigated the utility of paramagnetic gadolinium liposomes enriched with PS (Gd-PS) in imaging atherosclerotic plaque. Gd-PS-containing Gd-conjugated lipids, fluorescent rhodamine, and PS were prepared and characterized. Cellular uptake in RAW macrophages (fluorescent uptake of rhodamine) was studied on a fluorescence plate reader, while Gd-PS-induced alteration in T1 relaxivity was evaluated using a 1.5 T MRI scanner. RAW cells demonstrate PS-dependent uptake of across a range of concentrations (2, 6, 12, and 20%) in compari...

Demonstrated and inferred metabolism associated with cytosolic lipid droplets [Thematic Reviews]

The Journal of Lipid Research — Thu, 15 Oct 2009 15:46:20 +0100

Cytosolic lipid droplets were considered until recently to be rather inert particles of stored neutral lipid. Largely through proteomics is it now known that droplets are dynamic organelles and that they participate in several important metabolic reactions as well as trafficking and interorganellar communication. In this review, the role of droplets in metabolism in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the fly Drosophila melanogaster, and several mammalian sources are discussed, particularly focusing on those reactions shared by these organisms. From proteomics and older work, it is clear that droplets are important for fatty acid and sterol biosynthesis, fatty acid activation, and lipolysis. However, many droplet-associated enzymes are predicted to span a membrane two or more times, which ...

Bile acids: the role of peroxisomes [Thematic Reviews]

The Journal of Lipid Research — Thu, 15 Oct 2009 15:46:20 +0100

It is well established that peroxisomes play a crucial role in de novo bile acid synthesis. Studies in patients with a peroxisomal disorder have been indispensable for the elucidation of the precise role of peroxisomes. Several peroxisomal disorders are associated with distinct bile acid abnormalities and each disorder has a characteristic pattern of abnormal bile acids that accumulate, which is often used for diagnostic purposes. The patients have also been important for determining the pathophysiological consequences of defects in bile acid biosynthesis. In this review, we will discuss all the peroxisomal steps involved in bile acid synthesis and the bile acid abnormalities in patients with peroxisomal disorders. We will show the results of bile acid measurements in several tissues from ...

Myocardial lipid accumulation and lipotoxicity in heart failure [Commentary]

The Journal of Lipid Research — Thu, 15 Oct 2009 15:46:20 +0100

(Source: The Journal of Lipid Research)

High HDL cholesterol may not be beneficial for older women

MedWire News - Lipidology — Thu, 15 Oct 2009 15:25:57 +0100

One third of postmenopausal, middle-aged women have subclinical atherosclerosis despite having normal-to-high high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and a Framingham risk score below 7%, report researchers. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)

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Hemochromatosis mutations linked to hypertriglyceridemia

MedWire News - Lipidology — Thu, 15 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Study results suggest that individuals with hypertriglyceridemia are more likely than people without the lipid disorder to have a genetic predisposition for the iron storage disorder hemochromatosis. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)

Synthesis of oligo(ethylene glycol) substituted phosphatidylcholines: secretory PLA2-targeted precursors of NSAID prodrugs.

Chemistry and Physics of Lipids — Wed, 14 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Rosseto R, Hajdu J A series of new phosphatidylcholine analogues with structurally modified sn-2-substituents have been prepared. The synthetic compounds include oligo(ethylene glycol) derivatives with chainterminal pharmacophores that upon catalytic hydrolysis by phospholipase A2 yielded a series of oligo(ethylene glycol)-conjugates of the respective drugs. The approach here outlined may open a new way to employ OEG derivatives of phospholipids for therapeutic applications as secretory PLA2- targeted precursors of prodrugs. PMID: 19837049 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Chemistry and Physics of Lipids)

Gln27Glu variant of Beta2-adrenoceptor gene affects male type fat accumulation in women

Lipids in Health and Disease — Wed, 14 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The Glu allele of the BAR2 gene may be a risk factor for visceral fat accumulation in young to middle-aged women. However, this polymorphism was not associated with preclinical atherosclerosis. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Genetic variant associated with statin-induced side effects

MedWire News - Lipidology — Wed, 14 Oct 2009 15:14:31 +0100

Results show that being female and having a specific variant of the gene SLCO1B1 are associated with mild statin-induced side effects. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)

Low LDL cholesterol, albuminuria linked with elevated cancer risk in Type 2 diabetics

MedWire News - Lipidology — Wed, 14 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Low levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and the presence of albuminuria are associated with an increased risk for cancer in Type 2 diabetes, report Chinese researchers. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)

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Ad36 virus associated with obesity and hypertension independent of IR

MedWire News - Lipidology — Wed, 14 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Seropositivity for the adenovirus Ad36 is associated with obesity and essential hypertension independently of insulin resistance, show study results. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)

Statin treatment reduces risk for MI and death in elderly after surgery

MedWire News - Lipidology — Tue, 13 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

The incidence of peri-operative myocardial infarction and 2-year mortality in elderly patients after noncardiac vascular surgery is significantly reduced by statin therapy, show study results. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)

Colestimide reduces lipid levels without altering particle size

MedWire News - Lipidology — Mon, 12 Oct 2009 15:10:40 +0100

Japanese researchers have shown that short-term therapy with the anion exchange resin, colestimide, can significantly reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration without altering particle size in patients with hyperlipidemia. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)

LURIC confirms SORT1 link to dyslipidemia, CAD

MedWire News - Lipidology — Mon, 12 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Analysis of data from the LURIC study has confirmed that mutations in the vicinity of the sortilin 1 gene significantly alter the metabolism of lipids and modulate the risk for coronary artery disease. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)

A high oleic sunflower oil fatty acid esters of plant sterols mixed with dietary diacylglycerol reduces plasma insulin and body fat accumulation in Psammomys obesus

Lipids in Health and Disease — Sun, 11 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

In this study we used an animal model of type 2 diabetes to assess the effects of a preparation of PS esterified to high oleic sunflower oil fatty acids mixed with dietary diacylglycerol (PS-HOSO) on diabetic related metabolic parameters. Psammomys obesus (P. obesus) were fed high energy (HE) diet supplemented by either PS-HOSO or control oil. Following 4.5 weeks of intervention, animals were divided into fasting and non-fasting modes prior to outcome measurements. Glucose and insulin levels as well as blood lipid profile, body weight, and fat accumulation were evaluated in fasting and non-fasting modes. Results: P. obesus fed with a HE diet displayed a characteristic heterogeneity in their blood glucose and insulin levels with a subset group displaying type 2 diabetes symptoms. PS-HOSO tr...

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Effects of ezetimibe add-on therapy for high-risk patients with dyslipidemia

Lipids in Health and Disease — Sun, 11 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Background: Ezetimibe (Zetia) is a potent inhibitor of cholesterol absorption that has been approved for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Statin, an inhibitor of cholesterol synthesis, is the first-choice drug to reduce low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) for patients with hypercholesterolemia, due to its strong effect to lower the circulating LDL-C levels. Because a high dose of statins cause concern about rhabdomyolysis, it is sometimes difficult to achieve the guideline-recommended levels of LDL-C in high-risk patients with hypercholesterolemia treated with statin monotherapy. Ezetimibe has been reported to reduce LDL-C safely with both monotherapy and combination therapy with statins. Results: To investigate the effect of ezetimibe as "add-on" therapy to statin on hyperch...

Drinking pomegranate juice may slow progression of atherosclerosis

MedWire News - Lipidology — Sat, 10 Oct 2009 18:41:55 +0100

Drinking pomegranate juice may prevent increases in carotid intima-media thickness in patients with adverse lipid levels, suggest study results. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)

Intensive statin therapy improves artery elasticity in acute MI patients

MedWire News - Lipidology — Fri, 09 Oct 2009 16:20:58 +0100

Intensive cholesterol-lowering therapy with simvastatin significantly improves large-artery elasticity and regresses atherosclerosis in patients with acute myocardial infarction, Chinese researchers have shown. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)

Low HDL cholesterol identified in a quarter of older hypertensive Spanish women

MedWire News - Lipidology — Thu, 08 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

One in four hypertensive older women has low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, a large study conducted at primary care centers in Spain suggests. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)

Several lipoprotein components associated with HF risk

MedWire News - Lipidology — Thu, 08 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

A Scandinavian study of over 80,000 individuals has identified several lipoprotein components associated with the development of heart failure. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)

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Effects of isoflavone-supplemented soy yogurt on lipid parameters and atherosclerosis development in hypercholesterolemic rabbits: a randomized double-blind study

Lipids in Health and Disease — Wed, 07 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Background: There is increasing interest in natural treatments to control dyslipidemia and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Previous studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of soy yogurt fermented with Enterococcus faecium CRL 183 and of dietary isoflavones on the lipid profile. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of isoflavone-supplemented soy yogurt, fermented with E. faecium CRL183, on lipid parameters and atherosclerosis development in rabbits with induced hypercholesterolemia. Methods: Forty-eight rabbits were randomly assigned to eight groups fed on the following diets for 60 days: C - control; IY - isoflavone-supplemented soy yogurt; H - hypercholesterolemic (1.0% cholesterol wt/wt diet); HY - hypercholesterolemic plus soy yogurt; HIY -...

Age-related macular degeneration linked to lipoprotein build-up in retina

MedWire News - Lipidology — Wed, 07 Oct 2009 16:41:47 +0100

A build-up of lipoprotein particles at the back of the retina, similar to the build-up of cholesterol in coronary arteries, may play a key role in the development and progression of the “dry” form of age-related macular degeneration, show results from a review of recent research. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)

High BMI and waist circumference predict fatal and nonfatal CVD

MedWire News - Lipidology — Wed, 07 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

High body mass index and waist circumference both predict fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular disease, show results from the MORGEN study. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)

Low HDL cholesterol in LVD patients independently predicts mortality

MedWire News - Lipidology — Tue, 06 Oct 2009 18:48:27 +0100

Low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol strongly predict short- and medium-term mortality in patients with left ventricular dysfunction, irrespective of whether coronary artery disease is present, researchers report. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)

Increased LIGHT levels linked to high triglycerides, low HDL cholesterol

MedWire News - Lipidology — Tue, 06 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

High levels of the protein LIGHT are associated with high triglyceride and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, report researchers. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)

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Arterial stiffness linked to IL-18 and metabolic syndrome components

MedWire News - Lipidology — Mon, 05 Oct 2009 18:55:06 +0100

Arterial stiffness is independently associated with interleukin-18, and with increasing number of metabolic syndrome components in elderly men, research shows. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)

Mechanisms for HAART detrimental effects on endothelial function identified

MedWire News - Lipidology — Mon, 05 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Research suggests that cholesterol accumulation in human macrophage-derived foam cells resulting from inhibition of cholesterol efflux may be one explanation for highly active antiretroviral therapy-associated cardiovascular complications. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)

Metabolic syndrome independent risk factor for arterial stiffness in Japanese

MedWire News - Lipidology — Fri, 02 Oct 2009 18:45:22 +0100

The metabolic syndrome is associated with increased arterial stiffness in the general Japanese population, independent of other atherogenic risk factors, researchers report. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)

Central obesity, dyslipidemia linked to poor antihypertensive treatment response

MedWire News - Lipidology — Fri, 02 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Study findings show some components of the metabolic syndrome, namely visceral obesity, high triglyceride levels, and low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, are associated with resistance to antihypertensive treatment. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)

Triglycerides influenced by fatty acid interactions in Eskimos

MedWire News - Lipidology — Thu, 01 Oct 2009 18:45:19 +0100

In Alaskan Eskimos, the interaction between polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids mainly influences serum triglycerides as opposed to other of the metabolic syndrome components, researchers report. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)

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Galanin linked to development of the metabolic syndrome in mice

MedWire News - Lipidology — Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

In a transgenic mouse model, chronically elevated galanin levels induce obesity and marked alterations in lipid metabolism similar to the metabolic syndrome, new research shows. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)

Interaction of N,N,N-trialkylammonioundecahydro-closo-dodecaborates with dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine liposomes.

Chemistry and Physics of Lipids — Wed, 30 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Schaffran T, Li J, Karlsson G, Edwards K, Winterhalter M, Gabel D N,N,N-trialkylammonioundecahydrododecaborates (1-), a novel class of compounds of interest for use as anions in ionic liquids, interact with DPPC liposomes. Increasing compound concentration cause an increasing negative zeta potential. Dissociation constants demonstrate that the binding capacity increases strongly with longer chain length. N,N,N-trialkylammonioundecahydrododecaborates with longer alkyl chains show a detergent like behavior: the compounds incorporate into the liposome membrane and differential scanning calorimetric experiment show already low concentrations cause a complete disappearance of the peak representing the gel-to-liquid crystalline phase transition. In contrast, compounds with shorter a...

Preparation of reconstituted acetylcholine receptor membranes suitable for AFM imaging of lipid-protein interactions.

Chemistry and Physics of Lipids — Wed, 30 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Vuong N, Baenziger JE, Johnston LJ The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) has been reconstituted in POPC vesicles at high lipid-protein (L/P) ratios for preparation of supported lipid bilayers with a low protein density for studies of protein-lipid interactions using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Initial reconstitutions using a standard dialysis method with bulk L/P ratios ranging from 20:1 to 100:1 (w/w) gave heterogeneous samples that contained both empty vesicles and proteoliposomes with a range of L/P ratios. This is problematic because empty vesicles adsorb and rupture to form bilayer patches more rapidly than do protein-rich vesicles, resulting in the loss of protein during sample washing. Although it was not possible to find reconstitution conditions that gave ho...

Catalytic cleavage of methyl oleate or oleic acid

European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology — Wed, 30 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Different reaction pathways are discussed for the Os-catalyzed oxidation of methyl oleate and oleic acid using O2/aldehyde as oxidation system. Monomethyl azelate and pelargonic acid were the main products obtained in yields of approximately 50-70% starting from methyl oleate. Besides, varying amounts of methyl 9,10-epoxystearate and methyl 9,10-dihydroxystearate were found as by-products. Azelaic acid and pelargonic acid were obtained exclusively from oleic acid used as reactant. Some mechanistic considerations led to the conclusion that the observed products are formed in parallel reaction paths. The effective oxidant for the scission of the C=C double bond seems to be very likely an in situ formed peracid generated by Os-catalysis from O2/aldehyde. Additional investigations concerning t...

Lipid level reductions greatest in the wealthy

MedWire News - Lipidology — Wed, 30 Sep 2009 18:41:56 +0100

The decline in lipid levels observed since the introduction of statins has disproportionately favored the wealthy, analysis of national US databases suggests. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)

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Serum MMP level independently predicts coronary plaque presence

MedWire News - Lipidology — Wed, 30 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase-1 significantly and independently predict total plaque burden in patients with coronary artery disease symptoms, study findings show. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)

Nutritional value of rapeseed oil and its high oleic/low linolenic variety - A call for differentiation

European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology — Tue, 29 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100

To offer the best choice of healthy and acceptable food to the consumer a coordination of plant breeding, food processing and nutrition science is required. Here the nutritional aspects of the high oleic/low linolenic (HOLLi) varieties of rapeseed with a low [alpha]-linolenic acid content of about 3% are reviewed. The content of [alpha]-linolenic acid amounting to around 9% is the hallmark of the positive nutritional value of the original (erucic acid free) 00 varieties of rapeseed oil ("canola" quality in North America). n-3 fatty acids are endowed with the property to protect the cardiovascular system from chronic disease and the consumption of food containing n-3 fatty acids is explicitly recommended by national and international nutritional and medical authorities. Although the use of ...

Vegetable oil-based thermosetting polymers

European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology — Tue, 29 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100

We report the preparation of biobased polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes-nanocomposites from epoxidized linseed oil. Moreover, we describe the preparation of a new family of epoxidized methyl oleate-based polyether polyols, which were used in the synthesis of polyurethanes with specific applications: silicon-containing polyurethanes with enhanced flame-retardant properties and polyurethane networks with potential applications in biomedicine. An enone-containing triglyceride derivative was obtained, by an environmentally friendly chemical procedure from high oleic sunflower oil that could be cross-linked with diamines. In a similar way, triglycerides containing secondary allylic alcohols can be obtained that can be further functionalized with acrylate or phosphorus-containing derivatives...

Determination of cypermethrin in palm oil matrices

European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology — Tue, 29 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100

In this study, a new method was developed for the determination of cypermethrin residue in both crude palm oil (CPO) and crude palm kernel oil (CPKO) using GC with electron capture detector. In this method, the oil was extracted with acetonitrile. Aliquots were cleaned-up using combined solid phase extraction (SPE), and a primary-secondary amine in combination with graphitized carbon black. The SPE cartridges were first conditioned and then eluted with acetonitrile. Cypermethrin recoveries from the fortified CPO samples were 87-98% with relative standard deviation (RSD) values of 4-8%, while those for the fortified CPKO samples were 83-100% with RSD values of 3-10%. Since good recoveries were obtained with RSD values below 10% in most cases, the proposed methodology will be useful for the ...