MedWorm: Nutrition

New Food Labelling Guidelines - Diabetes UK

Nutrition/Agriculture News From Medical News Today — Sun, 14 Mar 2010 07:00:00 +0100

The Food Standards Agency (FSA) has agreed to the implementation of a single approach to front-of-pack (FOP) nutrition labelling that it says will best help consumers make healthier choices when they buy food... (Source: Nutrition/Agriculture News From Medical News Today)

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Some Britons Would Prefer Weight-Loss Surgery To Diet And Exercise

Nutrition/Agriculture News From Medical News Today — Sun, 14 Mar 2010 07:00:00 +0100

More than half of Britons would rather shift excess weight through drastic surgery than diet or exercise, a new poll has suggested. Women see weight-loss operations as the key to quick results while some men regard it as the "lazy option", it found. The survey was carried out among 1,305 members of the public on behalf of the Good Surgeon Guide website... (Source: Nutrition/Agriculture News From Medical News Today)

Recipe: Lean country-style breakfast sausage

MayoClinic.com Recipe of the Day — Sun, 14 Mar 2010 03:45:04 +0100

Lean country-style breakfast sausage — one of many healthy recipes from Mayo Clinic. (Source: MayoClinic.com Recipe of the Day)

Cutting Obesity In Black, Latino New Yorkers

Nutrition/Agriculture News From Medical News Today — Sat, 13 Mar 2010 08:00:00 +0100

A $6 million grant from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) has funded the creation of ORBIT: Obesity Related Behavioral Intervention Trials to focus on reducing obesity and obesity-related deaths in New York City's African-American and Latino communities... (Source: Nutrition/Agriculture News From Medical News Today)

Third Set Of 2009 Pesticide Residue Figures Released, UK

Water Quality / Air Quality News From Medical News Today — Fri, 12 Mar 2010 23:00:00 +0100

The Pesticide Residues Committee today published its third quarterly report for samples collected in 2009. The report found that the majority of foods had no detectable residues and those that did contain pesticides were not likely to be harmful to health. Tests found that 656 out of 911 samples of 14 different foods tested had no detectable residues... (Source: Water Quality / Air Quality News From Medical News Today)

No More Mayo - Try Hummus Instead!

HealthCastle.com Nutrition Tips - written by Registered Dietitians — Fri, 12 Mar 2010 16:49:10 +0100

Eating hummus has long been known as a healthy alternative to dip for chips and crudites. However, prepared hummus has far more versatility as a quick and healthy ingredient than simply scooping it out of the container with a few carrot sticks. The creaminess of the garbanzo bean lends itself perfectly as a substitute for oil, egg yolk, or mayonnaise. Click to read now (Source: HealthCastle.com Nutrition Tips - written by Registered Dietitians)

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Health To Be At The Centre Of The Fight Against Climate Change

Water Quality / Air Quality News From Medical News Today — Fri, 12 Mar 2010 09:00:00 +0100

The danger and cost of climate change to the health of Europeans is at the forefront of the debate as the fifth Ministerial Conference on Environment and Health begins today in Parma, Italy... (Source: Water Quality / Air Quality News From Medical News Today)

7 European Countries Give NoMix Toilets The Thumbs-Up

Water Quality / Air Quality News From Medical News Today — Fri, 12 Mar 2010 08:00:00 +0100

People in seven European countries have positive attitudes toward a new eco-friendly toilet that could substantially reduce pollution problems and conserve water and nutrients, scientists in Switzerland are reporting. Their article, which calls on authorities to give wider support for the innovative toilet technology, is in ACS' Environmental Science & Technology, a semi-monthly journal... (Source: Water Quality / Air Quality News From Medical News Today)

Scientists Solve Puzzle Of Chickens That Are Half Male And Half Female

Water Quality / Air Quality News From Medical News Today — Fri, 12 Mar 2010 08:00:00 +0100

A puzzle that has baffled scientists for centuries - why some birds appear to be male on one side of the body and female on the other - has been solved by researchers. The research, which involved studying rare naturally occurring chickens with white (male) plumage on one side and brown (female) plumage on the other, sheds new light on the sexual development of birds... (Source: Water Quality / Air Quality News From Medical News Today)

Neighborhood sampling: How many streets must an auditor walk?

International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity — Fri, 12 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions support more cost effective environmental data collection for physical activity research. (Source: International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity)

Isoangustone A present in hexane/ethanol extract of Glycyrrhiza uralensis induces apoptosis in DU145 human prostate cancer cells via the activation of DR4 and intrinsic apoptosis pathway

Molecular Nutrition — Fri, 12 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

This study determined the effects of a hexane/ethanol extract of G. uralensis (HEGU), which contains undetectable amounts of glycyrrhizin, on the apoptosis of androgen-insensitive DU145 cells. HEGU induced apoptosis and increased the levels of cleaved caspase-9, caspase-7, caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). HEGU also induced mitochondrial membrane depolarization and cytochrome c release to the cytosol. HEGU increased the levels of Fas, death receptor 4 (DR4), cleaved caspase-8, Mcl-1S, and truncated Bid proteins. A caspase-8 inhibitor suppressed HEGU-induced apoptosis. An active fraction of HEGU was separated via column chromatography and the structure of the active compound isoangustone A was identified via 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. Isoangustone A increased apoptotic cells, the ...

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Diallyl disulfide and diallyl trisulfide protect endothelial nitric oxide synthase against damage by oxidized low-density lipoprotein

Molecular Nutrition — Fri, 12 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

In this study, we examined whether diallyl disulfide (DADS) and diallyl trisulfide (DATS) protect endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activation against oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) insult and through what mechanism. We found that DADS and DATS reversed the suppression of eNOS Ser1177 phosphorylation by ox-LDL, and wortmannin abolished the reversal by DADS and DATS. Similarly, the inhibition of cellular cGMP and nitric oxide production by ox-LDL was reversed by DADS and DATS (p (Source: Molecular Nutrition)

Blackcurrant proanthocyanidins augment IFN-[gamma]-induced suppression of IL-4 stimulated CCL26 secretion in alveolar epithelial cells

Molecular Nutrition — Fri, 12 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Epidemiological studies reveal that fruit consumption reduces the prevalence of airway inflammation and childhood asthma. In particular, blackcurrant polyphenolic extracts have been shown to alleviate lung inflammation. Since IL-4-stimulated eotaxin-3 (CCL26) secretion is a major factor in the continuous eosinophil recruitment observed in atopic asthma, our focus was to evaluate the effectiveness of blackcurrant polyphenolic compounds on CCL26 secretion in human alveolar epithelial cells. Our results indicate that a proanthocyanin-enriched blackcurrant extract (BC-P), but not anthocyanin-enriched blackcurrant extract suppressed both IL-4- and IL-13-stimulated CCL26 secretion in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore pre-incubation of cells with BC-P caused a time-dependent suppression of IL-...

Phenethyl isothiocyanate suppresses nitric oxide production via inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt-induced IFN-[gamma] secretion in LPS-activated peritoneal macrophages

Molecular Nutrition — Fri, 12 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

In this study, we investigated the effects of PEITC on NO production in LPS-activated peritoneal macrophages from ICR mice. The signaling pathway of LPS-induced NO production was examined using neutralizing antibodies [anti-interferon (IFN)-[gamma] and anti-interleukin (IL-12)] and specific protein kinase inhibitors, as well as others. The activity of PEITC toward NOx production was assessed in mice that received LPS via intraperitoneal administration. The neutralizing antibody of anti-IFN-[gamma], but not anti-IL-12, suppressed LPS-induced NO production by 90%. LY294002, a specific inhibitor of phosphoinositide-3-kinase, suppressed Akt and IFN-[gamma] mRNA expression up-regulated by LPS, whereas PEITC exhibited a similar inhibition profile. Furthermore, oral administration of PEITC signif...

Dietary fat and bile juice, but not obesity, are responsible for the increase in small intestinal permeability induced through the suppression of tight junction protein expression in LETO and OLETF rats.

Nutrition & Metabolism — Fri, 12 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Excessive dietary fat and/or increased levels of luminal bile juice, but not genetic obesity, are responsible for the increase in small intestinal permeability resulting from the suppression of TJ protein expression. (Source: Nutrition & Metabolism)

Study of caveolin-1 gene expression in whole adipose tissue and its subfractions and during differentiation of human adipocytes

Nutrition & Metabolism — Fri, 12 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Context: Caveolins are 21-24 kDa integral membrane proteins that serve as scaffolds to recruit numerous signaling molecules. Specific subclasses of caveolae carry out specific functions in cell metabolism. In particular, triglycerides are synthesized at the site of fatty acid entry in one of these caveolae classes.Objective and Methods: We studied the expression of caveolin-1 (CAV-1) gene in association with metabolic variables in 90 visceral and 55 subcutaneous adipose tissue samples from subjects with a wide range of fat mass, in the stromovascular fraction (SVC) and isolated adipocytes, and during differentiation of human adipocytes. Results: CAV-1 gene expression was significantly decreased in visceral adipose tissue (v-CAV-1) of obese subjects. v-CAV-1 was positively associated with s...

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Interacademy Council Asked To Review Intergovernmental Panel On Climate Change

Water Quality / Air Quality News From Medical News Today — Thu, 11 Mar 2010 16:00:00 +0100

The InterAcademy Council (IAC), a multinational organization of the world's science academies, has been requested to conduct an independent review of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) processes and procedures... (Source: Water Quality / Air Quality News From Medical News Today)

Recipe: Dilled pasta salad with spring vegetables

MayoClinic.com Recipe of the Day — Thu, 11 Mar 2010 02:45:05 +0100

Dilled pasta salad with spring vegetables — one of many healthy recipes from Mayo Clinic. (Source: MayoClinic.com Recipe of the Day)

Opposing effects of dietary sugar and saturated fat on cardiovascular risk factors and glucose metabolism in mitochondrially impaired mice

European Journal of Nutrition — Thu, 11 Mar 2010 02:39:48 +0100

Conclusions Taken together, our results suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction may cause sucrose to become a multifunctional cardiovascular risk factor, whereas low-sugar diets high in saturated fat may prevent weight gain without improving glucose metabolism. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ContributionDOI 10.1007/s00394-010-0100-4Authors Doreen Kuhlow, University of Jena Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition 07743 Jena GermanyKim Zarse, University of Jena Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition 07743 Jena GermanyAnja Voigt, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke Department of Clinical Nutrition 14558 Nuthetal GermanyTim J. Schulz, University of Jena Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition 077...

Trans fat information on food labels: consumer use and interpretation.

Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research — Thu, 11 Mar 2010 01:02:03 +0100

Conclusions: Nutrition professionals should target messages to reduce trans fat intake at men and consumers under age 40. While general knowledge was good, further education is required to help consumers interpret trans fat information. PMID: 20205970 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research)

Fruit and vegetable intake in canadian ethnic populations.

Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research — Thu, 11 Mar 2010 01:02:03 +0100

Conclusions: The majority of Canada's ethnic groups identified in the CCHS 2.2 fell short of the recommended FVI target. This low-intake status might be a risk factor for common long-term diseases. PMID: 20205971 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research)

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Children's Perceptions of Healthful Eating and Physical Activity.

Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research — Thu, 11 Mar 2010 01:02:03 +0100

Conclusions: Knowing how children think about food choices will further our understanding of the disconnect between nutrition knowledge and dietary behaviours. Understanding conflicting pressures that influence children's healthful lifestyles may enhance communication about these topics among parents, educators, and children. PMID: 20205972 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research)

A definition, description, and framework for advanced practice in dietetics.

Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research — Thu, 11 Mar 2010 01:02:03 +0100

Conclusions: A framework is presented, and discrepancies with phase 2 results indicate areas for professional development, such as leadership, mentorship, and outcome measurement. PMID: 20205973 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research)

Vancouver Dietitians' Perspectives on Their Roles in Long-term Care.

Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research — Thu, 11 Mar 2010 01:02:03 +0100

Conclusions: The LTC dietitians' various roles were generally self-appointed, and they focused more on the purpose of their work than on tasks. A primary focus of these roles was the multidisciplinary team and the promotion of effective teamwork, especially, but not exclusively, as it applies to the provision of nutritional care. Successful teamwork was linked to dietitians' reports of personal success in their work. PMID: 20205974 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research)

Identification and Treatment of Protein-energy Malnutrition in Renal Disease.

Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research — Thu, 11 Mar 2010 01:02:03 +0100

Authors: McKnight K, Farmer A, Zuberbuhler L, Mager D A web-based cross-country survey of renal registered dietitians (RRDs) was launched. It was used to assess whether or not their clinical practice in identifying and treating protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) in adults with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and dialysis was based on current nutrition practice guidelines (NPGs). The survey included questions on strategies, timelines, and markers used for the identification and treatment of PEM. Fifty-nine RRDs responded (21%). Sixty-seven percent did not base clinical practice on NPGs, while 33% indicated they followed the guidelines. Of those who followed guidelines, 76% use the National Kidney Foundation-Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative nutrition guidelines. Strategies used t...

Perceived roles, benefits, and supports for dietetic internship preceptors.

Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research — Thu, 11 Mar 2010 01:02:03 +0100

Authors: Ortman D, Mann L, Arsenault JF Evaluation of university-run dietetic internship programs will improve preceptors' experience and, ultimately, increase the capacity for training future dietitians. We attempted to identify preceptors' perceptions of their roles, benefits, and supports, as well as of the skills/traits that students need for internship, and suggested improvements for the internship program. Fifteen of 39 current program preceptors who had supervised more than one intern consented to participate in an ethics-approved research methodology. They responded anonymously to a series of questions posted in an online discussion group, and provided feedback on the subsequent reports. While no consensus emerged, more than 50% of participants perceived their role as providing...

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Risks and benefits of fish consumption for childbearing women.

Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research — Thu, 11 Mar 2010 01:02:03 +0100

Authors: Del Gobbo LC, Archbold JA, Vanderlinden LD, Eckley CS, Diamond ML, Robson M Pregnant women's fish consumption provides both benefits and risks to the developing fetus. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from fish may enhance fetal neurodevelopment, while methylmercury (MeHg) can have detrimental effects. Dietitians would benefit from information on the frequency with which fish species may be consumed to increase DHA intake among Canadian women of childbearing age, and on minimizing the risks from MeHg, especially for those who consume fish frequently. Eighteen fish species were selected for DHA and mercury analysis from retail markets in the Toronto area. Consumption scenarios using analytical results for these fish species indicate that women of childbearing age can consume nine of ...

Charitable Food Programs in Victoria, BC.

Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research — Thu, 11 Mar 2010 01:02:03 +0100

Conclusions: Charitable food programs in Victoria depend on food donations. The proportion of dairy products and produce is low, which raises questions about the healthfulness of foods currently fed to homeless and poor people in the city. PMID: 20205978 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research)

Dietary vitamin d intake among elderly residents in a veterans' centre.

Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research — Thu, 11 Mar 2010 01:02:03 +0100

Conclusions: None of the study participants met the recommended AI of 600 IU through dietary sources alone. Study results suggest that all LTC residents require vitamin D micronutrient supplementation of at least 400 IU to achieve the recommended AI of 600 IU. PMID: 20205979 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research)

Efficacy of a meal replacement diet plan compared to a food-based diet plan after a period of weight loss and weight maintenance: a randomized controlled trial

Nutrition Journal — Thu, 11 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Our data suggest that the meal replacement diet plan evaluated was an effective strategy for producing robust initial weight loss and for achieving improvements in a number of health-related parameters during weight maintenance, including inflammation and oxidative stress, two key factors more recently shown to underlie our most common chronic diseases.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01011491 (Source: Nutrition Journal)

Comparison of Fascal cheese produced with natural, commercial or autochthonous cultures

International Journal of Dairy Technology — Thu, 11 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Lactic acid bacteria were isolated from raw ovine milk and Fascal cheese and used as two alternative inoculants for production of this Brazilian cheese. Microbiological counts and moisture of these cheeses were comparable to those observed in cheese made with a commercial starter. All cheeses showed absence of Salmonella spp., tolerable counts of coliforms, but coagulase-positive staphylococci counts exceeded the standard values. Cheeses produced with Lactobacillus plantarum LCN 28 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus LCN 43 showed better results than those observed for the other experimental combinations. Autochthonous cultures could be beneficial to the manufacture of high quality typical raw milk cheese. (Source: International Journal of Dairy Technology)

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Predictors of Dropping Out in a Weight Loss Intervention Trial

Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Ann Nutr Metab 2010;56:212216 (DOI:10.1159/000279224) (Source: Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism)

Fitness : Hula-Hooping Fans Hope It Is the Next Big Trend in Fitness

NYT — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 20:50:22 +0100

Hula-hooping converts are hoping it is the next big trend in fitness, but some exercise professionals are doubtful. (Source: NYT)

Ag Groups Weigh-in On Supreme Court Case For Biotech Alfalfa

Water Quality / Air Quality News From Medical News Today — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 20:00:00 +0100

The U.S. Supreme Court will decide whether a lower court acted hastily and incorrectly by banning the cultivation of biotech alfalfa despite extensive scientific evidence documenting the safety of the crop. A coalition of agricultural organizations filed on March 8 a joint friend-of-the-court brief to the Supreme Court in support of the petitioners in "Monsanto Co. v. Geertson Seed Farms... (Source: Water Quality / Air Quality News From Medical News Today)

How To Convert Your Dessert Into A Healthier Version

HealthCastle.com Nutrition Tips - written by Registered Dietitians — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 17:38:49 +0100

Is there anyone who doesn't love dessert? Try my five tricks to fool your family, friends, and even yourself! Click to read now (Source: HealthCastle.com Nutrition Tips - written by Registered Dietitians)

Effects of antioxidants on postprandial oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance and Type 2 diabetes

European Journal of Nutrition — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 13:16:18 +0100

Conclusions In diabetic subjects, altered glycaemia and lipaemia are closely correlated with markers of systemic oxidative stress. Our results show that the abnormal changes in oxidative-reductive balance parameters are paralleled by similar changes in markers of endothelial dysfunction and inflammation at 4 h after ingestion of a fatty meal. Supplementation with a pool of antioxidants can reduce oxidative stress and inflammation in healthy subjects and, more importantly, in IGT patients. This previous aspect suggests that the timing of antioxidant supplementation has an important role in endothelium protection in healthy and pre-diabetic subjects, and along with prompt antioxidant treatment before irreversible endothelial damage has occurred, may have an important pr...

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Cross-sectional and longitudinal relation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and body mass index: the Tromsø study

European Journal of Nutrition — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 13:16:06 +0100

Conclusions We have confirmed the strong association between serum 25(OH)D and BMI. The very obese need higher vitamin D doses than lean subjects to achieve the same serum 25(OH)D levels. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ContributionDOI 10.1007/s00394-010-0098-7Authors Rolf Jorde, University of Tromsø Institute of Clinical Medicine Tromsø NorwayMonica Sneve, University Hospital of North Norway Department of Ophthalmology and Neurosurgery, Division of Ophthalmology Tromsø NorwayNina Emaus, University of Tromsø Institute of Community Medicine Tromsø NorwayYngve Figenschau, University Hospital of North Norway Department of Medical Biochemistry Tromsø NorwayGuri Grimnes, University Hospital of North Norway Medical Clinic 9038 Tromsø Norway Jour...

Low-Income Women Living In Small Cities Have Higher Chance Of Obesity

Nutrition/Agriculture News From Medical News Today — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 13:00:00 +0100

A recent Kansas State University study found that the availability of supermarkets -- rather than the lack of them -- increased the risk of obesity for low-income women living in small cities. This suggests that policies to increase healthful eating behaviors might need to be tailored based on geographic location... (Source: Nutrition/Agriculture News From Medical News Today)

First Time Research On Long-term Consequences Of Intravenous Nutrition On Children's Health

Nutrition/Agriculture News From Medical News Today — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 09:00:00 +0100

No work is known in the literature to date which provides a long-term and generalised evaluation of the health of children fed intravenously in their own home... (Source: Nutrition/Agriculture News From Medical News Today)

Gastric cancer and salt preference: a population-based cohort study in Korea.

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: The current findings suggest that salt preference has a marginal positive association with a risk of gastric cancer. PMID: 20219954 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)

Eating vegetables first: the use of portion size to increase vegetable intake in preschool children.

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: Increasing the portion size of a vegetable served as a first course can be an effective strategy for increasing vegetable consumption in preschool children. PMID: 20219955 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)

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Micronutrient concentrations and subclinical atherosclerosis in adults with HIV.

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that elevated serum vitamin E concentrations are associated with abnormal markers of atherosclerosis and may increase the risk of cardiovascular complications in HIV-infected adults. PMID: 20219956 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)

Dietary reference values of individual micronutrients and nutriomes for genome damage prevention: current status and a road map to the future.

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

This article also identifies important knowledge gaps and future research directions required to shed light on these issues. The ultimate goal is to match the nutriome to the genome to optimize genome maintenance and to prevent pathologic amounts of DNA damage. PMID: 20219957 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)

Intake of fish and marine n-3 fatty acids in relation to coronary calcification: the Rotterdam Study.

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: We found a weak inverse association between fish intake and coronary calcification. If confirmed in other population-based studies, more research is warranted to determine which components in fish can inhibit vascular calcification. PMID: 20219958 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)

Predictors of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations among postmenopausal women: the Women's Health Initiative Calcium plus Vitamin D Clinical Trial.

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Surrogate markers for 25(OH)D concentrations, although somewhat correlated, do not adequately reflect serum vitamin D measures. These markers and predictive models of blood 25(OH)D concentrations should not be given as much weight in epidemiologic studies of cancer risk. PMID: 20219959 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)

Associations between diet, lifestyle factors, and telomere length in women.

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Although the strength of the associations was modest in this population of middle- and older-age women, our results support the hypothesis that body composition and dietary factors are related to leukocyte telomere length, which is a potential biomarker of chronic disease risk. PMID: 20219960 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)

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Dietary patterns and breast cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis indicate that some dietary patterns may be associated with breast cancer risk. PMID: 20219961 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)

Randomized trial of vitamin D supplementation to prevent seasonal influenza A in schoolchildren.

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: This study suggests that vitamin D(3) supplementation during the winter may reduce the incidence of influenza A, especially in specific subgroups of schoolchildren. This trial was registered at https://center.umin.ac.jp as UMIN000001373. PMID: 20219962 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)

Effect of Alzheimer's disease genetic risk disclosure on dietary supplement use.

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: In this sample of first-degree relatives receiving genetic susceptibility testing for AD, an APOE epsilon4+ genotype status was positively associated with dietary supplement use after risk disclosure. Such changes occurred despite the absence of evidence that supplement use reduces the risk of AD. Given the expansion of DTC genetic tests, this study highlights the need for future studies in disease risk communication. PMID: 20219963 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)

Folate bioavailability: implications for establishing dietary recommendations and optimizing status.

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

This article 1) summarizes and integrates bioavailability estimates derived from studies that use whole-diet approaches; 2) highlights the influences of genetics, ethnicity-race, and sex as postabsorptive bioavailability modifiers; and 3) discusses the adequacy of the US folate Recommended Dietary Allowance in achieving folate sufficiency in select subpopulations. PMID: 20219964 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)

Body mass index patterns over 5 y in obese children motivated to participate in a 1-y lifestyle intervention: age as a predictor of long-term success.

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Younger age was associated with the best long-term outcome after participation in the lifestyle intervention, which supports the need for early intervention in childhood obesity. Children aged 8-10 y may need modified intervention, because the BMI-SDS increased more in the older children in the long term. However, the mean BMI-SDS was significantly lower 4 y after the end of the intervention than at baseline in all age groups. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00435734. PMID: 20219965 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)

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Food sources of individual plasma phospholipid trans fatty acid isomers: the Cardiovascular Health Study.

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: t-18:1 Isomers are similarly derived from multiple PHVO-containing foods. In contrast, t-18:2 and t-16:1n-9 isomers are derived from more-specific types of PHVO-containing foods. Ruminant foods are major sources of t-16:1n-7. Different TFA isomers and dietary sources should be considered when investigating health effects and interventions to lower TFAs. PMID: 20219966 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)

Are dietary choline and betaine intakes determinants of total homocysteine concentration?

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Choline and betaine intakes were associated with both fasting and post-methionine-load total homocysteine concentrations, especially in participants with low folate and vitamin B-12 status. The inverse association between choline and betaine intakes and homocysteine concentrations was no longer present in the postfortification period. PMID: 20219967 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)

Is protein intake associated with bone mineral density in young women?

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Data from this longitudinal study suggest that a higher protein intake does not have an adverse effect on bone in premenopausal women. Cross-sectional analyses suggest that low vegetable protein intake is associated with lower BMD. PMID: 20219968 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)

Reproducibility and validity of a diet quality index for children assessed using a FFQ.

The British Journal of Nutrition — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Huybrechts I, Vereecken C, De Bacquer D, Vandevijvere S, Van Oyen H, Maes L, Vanhauwaert E, Temme L, De Backer G, De Henauw S The diet quality index (DQI) for preschool children is a new index developed to reflect compliance with four main food-based dietary guidelines for preschool children in Flanders. The present study investigates: (1) the validity of this index by comparing DQI scores for preschool children with nutrient intakes, both of which were derived from 3 d estimated diet records; (2) the reproducibility of the DQI for preschoolers based on a parentally reported forty-seven-item FFQ DQI, which was repeated after 5 weeks; (3) the relative validity of the FFQ DQI with 3 d record DQI scores as reference. The study sample included 510 and 58 preschoolers (2.5-6.5 year...

A review of fatty acid profiles and antioxidant content in grass-fed and grain-fed beef

Nutrition Journal — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Growing consumer interest in grass-fed beef products has raised a number of questions with regard to the perceived differences in nutritional quality between grass-fed and grain-fed cattle. Research spanning three decades suggests that grass-based diets can significantly improve the fatty acid (FA) composition and antioxidant content of beef, albeit with variable impacts on overall palatability. Grass-based diets have been shown to enhance total conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) (C18:2) isomers, trans vaccenic acid (TVA) (C18:1 t11), a precursor to CLA, and omega-3 (n-3) FAs on a g/g fat basis. While the overall concentration of total SFAs is not different between feeding regimens, grass-finished beef tends toward a higher proportion of cholesterol neutral stearic FA (C18:0), and less cholest...

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Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and mammographic density among premenopausal women in a multiethnic population

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: W Chai, G Maskarinec & R V Cooney (Source: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition)

Dietary and physical activity patterns in children with fatty liver

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: D R Mager, C Patterson, S So, C D Rogenstein, L J Wykes & E A Roberts (Source: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition)

The influence of inflammation on plasma zinc concentration in apparently healthy, HIV+ Kenyan adults and zinc responses after a multi-micronutrient supplement

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

The influence of inflammation on plasma zinc concentration in apparently healthy, HIV+ Kenyan adults and zinc responses after a multi-micronutrient supplement European Journal of Clinical Nutrition advance online publication, March 10, 2010. doi:10.1038/ejcn.2010.33 Authors: A S W Mburu, D I Thurnham, D L Mwaniki, E M Muniu & F M Alumasa (Source: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition)

Should nutrient profile models be ‘category specific’ or ‘across-the-board’? A comparison of the two systems using diets of British adults

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Should nutrient profile models be ‘category specific’ or ‘across-the-board’? A comparison of the two systems using diets of British adults European Journal of Clinical Nutrition advance online publication, March 10, 2010. doi:10.1038/ejcn.2010.31 Authors: P Scarborough, C Arambepola, A Kaur, P Bhatnagar & M Rayner (Source: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition)

The study to investigate the potential benefits of probiotics in yogurt, a patient-oriented, double-blind, cluster-randomised, placebo-controlled, clinical trial

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: D J Merenstein, K H Smith, M Scriven, R F Roberts, M E Sanders & S Petterson (Source: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition)

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A high-protein low-fat diet is more effective in improving blood pressure and triglycerides in calorie-restricted obese individuals with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: E Papakonstantinou, D Triantafillidou, D B Panagiotakos, A Koutsovasilis, M Saliaris, A Manolis, A Melidonis & A Zampelas (Source: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition)

Associations between abdominal fat and body mass index on vitamin D status in a group of Spanish schoolchildren

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: E Rodríguez-Rodríguez, B Navia-Lombán, A M López-Sobaler & R M Ortega (Source: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition)

The HELENA online food frequency questionnaire: reproducibility and comparison with four 24-h recalls in Belgian–Flemish adolescents

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

The HELENA online food frequency questionnaire: reproducibility and comparison with four 24-h recalls in Belgian–Flemish adolescents European Journal of Clinical Nutrition advance online publication, March 10, 2010. doi:10.1038/ejcn.2010.24 Authors: C A Vereecken, I De Bourdeaudhuij & L Maes (Source: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition)

Influence of carotene-rich vegetable meals on the prevalence of anaemia and iron deficiency in Filipino schoolchildren

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: C C Maramag, J D Ribaya-Mercado, P Rayco-Solon, J A A Solon, L W Tengco, J B Blumberg & F S Solon (Source: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition)

Dietary sodium intake in a sample of adult male population in southern Italy: results of the Olivetti Heart Study

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: A Venezia, G Barba, O Russo, C Capasso, V De Luca, E Farinaro, F P Cappuccio, F Galletti, G Rossi & P Strazzullo (Source: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition)

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The effects of dietary protein on the somatotropic axis: a comparison of soy, gelatin, α-lactalbumin and milk

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

The effects of dietary protein on the somatotropic axis: a comparison of soy, gelatin, α-lactalbumin and milk European Journal of Clinical Nutrition advance online publication, March 10, 2010. doi:10.1038/ejcn.2010.21 Authors: A J A H van Vught, A G Nieuwenhuizen, M A B Veldhorst, R-Jm Brummer & M S Westerterp-Plantenga (Source: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition)

Transcobalamin C776G genotype modifies the association between vitamin B12 and homocysteine in older Hispanics

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: M G Garrod, L H Allen, M N Haan, R Green & J W Miller (Source: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition)

Regulation of abdominal adiposity by probiotics (Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055) in adults with obese tendencies in a randomized controlled trial

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Y Kadooka, M Sato, K Imaizumi, A Ogawa, K Ikuyama, Y Akai, M Okano, M Kagoshima & T Tsuchida (Source: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition)

Effect of physiological doses of oral vitamin B12 on plasma homocysteine: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial in India

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: U S Deshmukh, C V Joglekar, H G Lubree, L V Ramdas, D S Bhat, S S Naik, P S Hardikar, D A Raut, T B Konde, A K Wills, A A Jackson, H Refsum, A S Nanivadekar, C H Fall & C S Yajnik (Source: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition)

Associations of morbidity in the underweight

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: S J Kelly, J M Lilley & J Leonardi-Bee (Source: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition)

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Influence of whey peptides on the surface activity of κ-casein and β-lactoglobulin A

International Journal of Dairy Technology — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Whey protein hydrolysate (WPH) was fractionated by reverse-phase chromatography to obtain fractions of varying surface-hydrophobicities. A model oil[ndash]water interface (MI) was pre-coated with the WPH or fractions thereof. Contact angle ([theta]) of sessile drops of [kappa]-casein ([kappa]-CN) or [beta]-lactoglobulin A ([beta]-LGA) were measured on the MI. Pre-coating of MI with un-fractionated WPH decreased [theta], that is, increased surface activity, of both [kappa]-CN (35[ndash]8.3°) and [beta]-LGA (38[ndash]21.3°). Conversely, pre-coating of MI with the fractions significantly increased [theta] of both proteins as a function of hydrophobicity. Data provide insight into variability of whey protein functionality in food applications. (Source: International Journal of Dairy Technolo...

Food energy content influences food portion size estimation by nutrition students

Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The results obtained in the present study revealed a low percentage of acceptable estimations of food portion size by nutrition students, with trends toward overestimation of high-energy food items and underestimation of low-energy items. (Source: Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics)

Contribution of complementary foods to the total daily water needs of urban Guatemalan infants

Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The infants in this low-income community are approximating the recommended AI for daily water through the currently selected pattern of lactation and CF. (Source: Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics)

Nasogastric tube feeding and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube feeding in patients with head and neck cancer

Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Combined modality treatment results in a greater requirement for enteral feeding, with these patient groups having the greatest weight loss. The findings obtained in the present study indicate that the method of enteral feeding did not statistically influence weight loss at the end of treatment or unscheduled radiotherapy treatment interruptions. (Source: Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics)

Season-related variation in dietary recalls used in a paediatric population

Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The use of a second 24-h recall in a different season of the year does not confer additional information with regard to a population assessment of macronutrient contribution to the total energy intake in paediatric samples; its use appears to be justified in the light of a more accurate assessment of energy intake. (Source: Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics)

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Assessment of obesity in children and adolescents: synthesis of recent systematic reviews and clinical guidelines

Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

This review summarises recent systematic reviews and evidence-based guidelines that deal with the issue of how best to diagnose or define obesity in children and adolescents. A recent systematic review showed that parents typically fail to recognise obesity in their children and adolescents, and a good deal of other evidence suggests that health professionals under-diagnose obesity in children and adolescents when using informal methods based on observation. There is therefore a need for practical, objective, methods that both identify the fattest children and adolescents adequately, and identify those who are at greatest risk of the 'co-morbidities' of obesity. A large body of consistent evidence shows that a high body mass index (BMI) for age and sex identifies the fattest children adequ...

The current and future role of the dietetic support worker

Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: This study identified issues relating to the future development of the role of the DSW from the viewpoint of DSWs and dietetic assistants. (Source: Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics)

Recipes for Health: Warm Chickpeas and Greens With Vinaigrette

NYT — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 22:06:58 +0100

In parts of France, farmers make a traditional meal of boiled chickpeas and spinach or chard. (Source: NYT)

Recipes for Health: Pappardelle With Greens and Ricotta

NYT — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 22:06:57 +0100

This pasta is ideal for a dinner party when there is little time to prepare. Just be sure to use fresh ricotta. (Source: NYT)

Recipes for Health: Clam or Mussel Stew With Greens and Beans

NYT — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 20:33:32 +0100

This wonderful winter seafood stew is easy to make and to serve. (Source: NYT)

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Recipes for Health: Greens and Mushroom Panini

NYT — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 19:09:57 +0100

When you blanch the greens, these panini make for a quick and wonderful meal. (Source: NYT)

The Long-Term Consequences Of Intravenous Nutrition On Children's Health

Nutrition/Agriculture News From Medical News Today — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 12:00:00 +0100

Children with serious intestinal problems have to be fed intravenously. Systems exist that enable intravenous feeding to be carried out at home. Mr Inaki Irastorza, paediatrician at the Cruces hospital in Bilbao, spent some 15 years analysing how serious intestinal problems in children were treated at the Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital in London... (Source: Nutrition/Agriculture News From Medical News Today)

Dietary Supplements Discouraged For Prostate Cancer Patients

Nutrition/Agriculture News From Medical News Today — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 12:00:00 +0100

Prostate-specific dietary supplements should not be taken during radiation therapy treatments because they have been shown to increase the radiosensitivity of normal prostate cell lines, leading to normal tissue complications, according to a study in the March issue of the International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, the official journal of the American Society ... (Source: Nutrition/Agriculture News From Medical News Today)

Nutrition Services For Older Adults At Home And In Communities

Nutrition/Agriculture News From Medical News Today — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 12:00:00 +0100

The Society for Nutrition Education (SNE) has partnered with the American Dietetic Association (ADA) and American Society for Nutrition (ASN) to publish a position paper, "Position of the American Dietetic Association, American Society for Nutrition, and Society for Nutrition Education: Food and Nutrition Programs for Community-Residing Older Adults," focusing on access to safe... (Source: Nutrition/Agriculture News From Medical News Today)

New Syndrome Identified By BUSM Researchers

Nutrition/Agriculture News From Medical News Today — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 11:00:00 +0100

Researchers from Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM) have identified a new syndrome affecting potentially thousands of hospital inpatients... (Source: Nutrition/Agriculture News From Medical News Today)

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Light To Moderate Drinking Linked To Less Weight Gain In Middle Aged Women

Nutrition/Agriculture News From Medical News Today — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 10:00:00 +0100

A new study from the US found that normal weight women in their 40s and older who drank a light to moderate amount of alcohol gained less weight and had a lower risk of becoming obese and overweight compared to their non-drinking counterparts... (Source: Nutrition/Agriculture News From Medical News Today)

Really?: The Claim: A Glass of Wine With Dinner Aids Digestion

NYT — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 05:35:51 +0100

Can wine help you digest your meal? (Source: NYT)

Observatory: A Vitamin Boost for Greens Under the Supermarket’s Glow

NYT — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 05:25:03 +0100

Researchers found that spinach leaves exposed to light had higher levels of vitamins than those kept in darkness. (Source: NYT)

Observatory: Greens Get a Boost Under the Glow of the Supermarket

NYT — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 05:25:03 +0100

Researchers found that spinach leaves exposed to light had higher levels of vitamins than those kept in darkness. (Source: NYT)

In Vitro Investigation of the Potential Immunomodulatory and Anti-Cancer Activities of Black Pepper (Piper nigrum) and Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum)

Journal of Medicinal Food — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 04:02:57 +0100

Journal of Medicinal Food , Vol. 0, No. 0. (Source: Journal of Medicinal Food)

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Personal Health: To Keep Moving, Look Beyond the Physical

NYT — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 00:27:10 +0100

For many people, regular physical activity is as much about social interaction as it is about being healthy. (Source: NYT)

Maternal dietary patterns in pregnancy and the association with small-for-gestational-age infants.

The British Journal of Nutrition — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Thompson JM, Wall C, Becroft DM, Robinson E, Wild CJ, Mitchell EA Maternal nutritional status before and during pregnancy is important for the growth and development of the fetus. The effects of pre-pregnancy nutrition (estimated by maternal size) are well documented. There is little information in today's Western society on the effect of maternal nutrition during pregnancy on the fetus. The aim of the study was to describe dietary patterns of a cohort of mothers during pregnancy (using principal components analysis with a varimax rotation) and assess the effect of these dietary patterns on the risk of delivering a small-for-gestational-age (SGA) baby. The study was a case-control study investigating factors related to SGA. The population was 1714 subjects in Auckland, New Zea...

Combining enteral with parenteral nutrition to improve postoperative glucose control.

The British Journal of Nutrition — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Lidder P, Flanagan D, Fleming S, Russell M, Morgan N, Wheatley T, Rahamin J, Shaw S, Lewis S The provision of parenteral nutrition (PN) to 'stressed' patients often results in hyperglycaemia, which may be detrimental. In animal models limited amounts of enteral nutrition (EN) improve intestinal integrity and stimulate intestinal incretin production, which may lead to improved glucose control. We set out to assess if combining EN with PN results in improved glucose homeostasis rather than PN given alone. We conducted a randomised trial in a university teaching hospital of patients undergoing a 'curative' oesophagectomy for adenocarcinoma. Differences between the two intervention groups were assessed for continuous glucose measurement, insulin sensitivity using insulin tolerance...

UK Food Standards Agency Workshop Report: Diet and Immune Function.

The British Journal of Nutrition — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

The objective of the workshop was to review this research and to establish priorities for future research. Several of the trials presented at the workshop showed some effect of nutritional interventions (e.g. vitamin D, Zn, Se) on immune parameters. One trial found that increased fruit and vegetable intake may improve the antibody response to pneumococcal vaccination in older people. The workshop highlighted the need to further clarify the potential public health relevance of observed nutrition-related changes in immune function, e.g. susceptibility to infections and infectious morbidity. PMID: 20211037 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The British Journal of Nutrition)

Influence of fish oil or folate supplementation on the time course of plasma redox markers during pregnancy.

The British Journal of Nutrition — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Franke C, Demmelmair H, Decsi T, Campoy C, Cruz M, Molina-Font JA, Mueller K, Koletzko B Maternal supplementation with long-chain PUFA, to improve infant neurological development, might cause additional increase of oxidative stress. Pregnant women aged 18-41 years were randomised into one of four supplementation groups. From week 22 on, they received supplements containing either modified fish oil (n 69), 5-methyl-tetrahydro-folate (n 65), both (n 64), or placebo (n 72). Plasma Trolox-equivalent antioxidative capacity (TEAC), concentrations of alpha-tocopherol, retinol, beta-carotene, free thiol groups, uric acid and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) were determined at weeks 20 and 30 and at delivery. The studied antioxidants showed no significant differences bet...

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Maternal protein restriction with or without folic acid supplementation during pregnancy alters the hepatic transcriptome in adult male rats.

The British Journal of Nutrition — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Lillycrop KA, Rodford J, Garratt ES, Slater-Jefferies JL, Godfrey KM, Gluckman PD, Hanson MA, Burdge GC Feeding pregnant rats a protein-restricted (PR) diet induces altered expression of candidate genes in the liver of the adult offspring, which can be prevented by supplementation of the PR diet with folic acid (PRF). We investigated the effect of maternal nutrition during pregnancy on the liver transcriptome in their adult male offspring. Pregnant rats were fed control, PR or PRF diets. Male offspring were killed on day 84. The liver transcriptome was analysed by microarray (six livers per maternal dietary group) followed by post hoc analysis of relative mRNA levels and gene ontology. These results were confirmed for selected genes by real-time RT-PCR. There were 311 genes th...

Sex differences in the effects of maternal vitamin supplements on mortality and morbidity among children born to HIV-infected women in Tanzania.

The British Journal of Nutrition — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

We examined whether there are sex differences in the effect of vitamin supplements on birth outcomes, mortality and morbidity by 2 years of age among children born to HIV-infected women in Tanzania. A randomised placebo-controlled trial was conducted among 959 mother-infant pairs. HIV-infected pregnant women were randomly assigned to receive a daily oral dose of one of four regimens: multivitamins (vitamins B-complex, C and E), vitamin A plus beta-carotene, multivitamins including vitamin A plus beta-carotene or placebo. Supplements were administered during pregnancy and continued after delivery. The beneficial effect of multivitamins on decreasing the risk of low birth weight was stronger among girls (relative risks (RR) = 0.39, 95 % CI 0.22, 0.67) than among boys (RR = 0.81, 95 % CI 0.44...

Novel findings on the metabolic effects of the low glycaemic carbohydrate isomaltulose (Palatinose).

The British Journal of Nutrition — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, the study shows that iso is completely available from the small intestine, irrespective of food matrix, leading to a prolonged delivery of blood glucose. Regular iso consumption is well tolerated also in subjects with increased risk for vascular diseases. PMID: 20211041 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The British Journal of Nutrition)

Lycopene isomerisation takes place within enterocytes during absorption in human subjects.

The British Journal of Nutrition — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Richelle M, Sanchez B, Tavazzi I, Lambelet P, Bortlik K, Williamson G Lycopene in fruits and vegetables occurs mostly (80-97 %) in the all-E configuration, whereas a considerable proportion of lycopene in the human body is present as Z-isomers. The Z-isomers offer potentially better health benefits and show improved antioxidant activity in vitro when compared with the all-E-isomer. The absorption of dietary lycopene is a complex process involving transfer of the carotenoid from the food matrix into micelles, uptake by enterocytes, packaging into chylomicrons and finally secretion into plasma. Isomerisation could take place at any of these individual steps. By exploiting in vitro and in vivo models, we traced lycopene isomerisation during absorption using various methods to mim...

A health assessment tool for multiple risk factors for obesity: age and sex differences in the prediction of body mass index.

The British Journal of Nutrition — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Chambers JA, Swanson V The aim was to establish the relative importance of multiple dietary, activity and other risk factors in determining BMI. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 322 adults (71 % female; aged 18-79 years; BMI 16.5-40.9 kg/m2) using a previously developed, psychometrically tested, seventy-three-item questionnaire covering a wide range of obesity risk factors (consisting of five dietary, five activity and seven other risk factor subscales). Outcome was self-reported weight and height for BMI, cross-validated with items on clothes size and perceived need to lose weight. Stepwise regression analysis predicted 25-55 % of the variance in BMI with physical activity participation, current and past dieting behaviour, amount eaten, and age being the most impor...

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Comparison of sex hormonal and metabolic profiles between omnivores and vegetarians in pre- and post-menopausal women.

The British Journal of Nutrition — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Karelis AD, Fex A, Filion ME, Adlercreutz H, Aubertin-Leheudre M The purpose of the present study was to investigate the sex hormonal and metabolic profiles in vegetarians and compare these with the profiles in omnivores. The design of the present study was cross-sectional. The study sample of pre- and post-menopausal women included forty-one omnivores and twenty-one vegetarians. Thereafter we determined: (1) plasma sex hormones, (2) fasting insulin, NEFA as well as apo-A and apo-B, (3) BMI, (4) a dietary profile (3 d dietary records), (5) physical activity and (6) total faecal excretion per 72 h and total urinary excretion per 72 h. Vegetarians showed higher levels of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), apo-A, total faecal excretion per 72 h and total fibre intake as well as...

Q & A: Almonds for Calcium?

NYT — Mon, 08 Mar 2010 23:40:48 +0100

Are almonds a good source of calcium or do they block calcium absorption? (Source: NYT)

Spirulina Improves Antioxidant Status by Reducing Oxidative Stress in Rabbits Fed a High-Cholesterol Diet

Journal of Medicinal Food — Mon, 08 Mar 2010 19:09:55 +0100

Journal of Medicinal Food , Vol. 0, No. 0. (Source: Journal of Medicinal Food)

How to Fool Your Taste Bud

HealthCastle.com Nutrition Tips - written by Registered Dietitians — Mon, 08 Mar 2010 17:07:39 +0100

I reduce the fat, sugar and salt in a lot of my recipes. To compensate and fool the taste buds, I often put fat, salt and sugar on top of foods. Click to read now (Source: HealthCastle.com Nutrition Tips - written by Registered Dietitians)

Recipes for Health: Winter’s Greens

NYT — Mon, 08 Mar 2010 16:07:16 +0100

Looking for new ways to get greens in your diet? An innovative panino and luxurious gratin are among this week’s recipes. (Source: NYT)

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Pregnant Women Falling Short On Nutrition

Nutrition/Agriculture News From Medical News Today — Mon, 08 Mar 2010 13:00:00 +0100

Pregnant women are skimping on fruit and vegetables and gaining too much weight, according to a new Australian study. The research, in the journal Nutrition & Dietetics published by Wiley-Blackwell, found that expectant mothers are eating less than half the recommended servings of fruit and vegetables. And at least one in three put on more than the recommended weight gain for pregnancy... (Source: Nutrition/Agriculture News From Medical News Today)

Dietitians: Hospital Reform Welcome But Governance Must Include Health Professionals From All Sectors

Nutrition/Agriculture News From Medical News Today — Mon, 08 Mar 2010 13:00:00 +0100

The Dietitians Association of Australia (DAA) welcomed Prime Minister Kevin Rudd's proposed hospital reform package. But the Association warned that without a multidisciplinary approach to implementing the reforms the Government risked 'missing the mark' in meeting patient needs... (Source: Nutrition/Agriculture News From Medical News Today)

Potential To Improve Children's Diets Without Burdening School Finances While Helping Local Farmers

Nutrition/Agriculture News From Medical News Today — Mon, 08 Mar 2010 12:00:00 +0100

During the school day, children eat roughly one-third of their nutritional needs while at school. Besides lunch, breakfast and snacks may be served, providing ample opportunities for obesity-prevention strategies by offering more nutritious food... (Source: Nutrition/Agriculture News From Medical News Today)

ADPH Observes National Nutrition Month With Satellite Conference on Obesity And Overweight

Nutrition/Agriculture News From Medical News Today — Mon, 08 Mar 2010 12:00:00 +0100

The health risk factors of obesity and overweight in Alabamians will be the focus of a combined satellite conference and webcast March 17 from 2-3 p.m. central time. Excessive weight and obesity are major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, the No. 1 cause of death worldwide... (Source: Nutrition/Agriculture News From Medical News Today)

Gene Site Found For A Children's Food Allergy

Nutrition/Agriculture News From Medical News Today — Mon, 08 Mar 2010 11:00:00 +0100

Pediatrics researchers have identified the first major gene location responsible for a severe, often painful type of food allergy called eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). In this disease, which may cause weight loss, vomiting, heartburn and swallowing difficulties, a patient may be unable to eat a wide variety of foods... (Source: Nutrition/Agriculture News From Medical News Today)

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Food Allergy-Related Disorder Linked To Master Allergy Gene

Nutrition/Agriculture News From Medical News Today — Mon, 08 Mar 2010 11:00:00 +0100

This study further suggests that a suspected so-called master allergy gene may play a role in the development of this rare but debilitating disorder... (Source: Nutrition/Agriculture News From Medical News Today)

Low Levels Of Vitamin D Linked To Muscle Fat, Decreased Strength In Young People

Nutrition/Agriculture News From Medical News Today — Mon, 08 Mar 2010 10:00:00 +0100

There's an epidemic in progress, and it has nothing to do with the flu. A ground-breaking study published in the March 2010 Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism found an astonishing 59 per cent of study subjects had too little Vitamin D in their blood. Nearly a quarter of the group had serious deficiencies (less than 20 ng/ml) of this important vitamin... (Source: Nutrition/Agriculture News From Medical News Today)

Recipe: Creamy asparagus soup

MayoClinic.com Recipe of the Day — Mon, 08 Mar 2010 02:45:04 +0100

Creamy asparagus soup — one of many healthy recipes from Mayo Clinic. (Source: MayoClinic.com Recipe of the Day)

Dietary starch source influences in growing goats: the intestinal losses of endogenous nitrogen and amino acids.

The British Journal of Nutrition — Mon, 08 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Zhou C, Tan Z, Pan Y, Liu S, Tang S, Sun Z, Han X, Wang M Four goats (20 (SD 2.5) kg) fitted with ruminal, duodenal and ileal cannulae were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square design to estimate the effects of a dietary starch source on the duodenal and ileal flows of endogenous N (EN) and endogenous amino acids (EAA) in growing goats. Goats were fed total mixed rations containing four starch sources (mainly from maize (MR), wheat (WR), paddy (PR) and sorghum (SR) treatments). There were no significant (P>0.05) effects of the dietary starch source on the intestinal flows of EN and EAA. The duodenal flows of EN were 2.40, 2.39, 2.18 and 1.56 g/d for the MR, WR, PR and SR treatments, respectively, as determined by the difference method, and the duodenal flows of EAA were 10.76, 11.2...

Body mass index and the risk of infections in institutionalised geriatric patients.

The British Journal of Nutrition — Mon, 08 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

The objective was to examine the effect of BMI on the incidence of various infectious diseases in institutionalised, geriatric subjects. In a retrospective cohort study we analysed medical records of 619 patients aged 75 years and older (mean age 87.6 (sd 6.4) years) who were treated in a geriatric hospital in Vienna, Austria. The total incidence rate of infection in this population was 0.80 per person-year. The most frequent infections were urinary tract infections (0.30 per person-year), followed by infections of the lower respiratory tract (0.19 per person-year), diarrhoea (0.12 per person-year) and other infections (0.20 per person-year). Incidence risk ratios were obtained by a multiplicative Poisson regression model. There was a J-shaped curve in the incidence of infections recorded ...

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Gut microbiota composition is associated with body weight, weight gain and biochemical parameters in pregnant women.

The British Journal of Nutrition — Mon, 08 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

The objective of the present study was to establish possible relationships between gut microbiota, body weight, weight gain and biochemical parameters in pregnant women. Fifty pregnant women were classified according to their BMI in normal-weight (n 34) and overweight (n 16) groups. Gut microbiota composition was analysed by quantitative real-time PCR in faeces and biochemical parameters in plasma at 24 weeks of pregnancy. Reduced numbers of Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides and increased numbers of Staphylococcus, Enterobacteriaceae and Escherichia coli were detected in overweight compared with normal-weight pregnant women. E. coli numbers were higher in women with excessive weight gain than in women with normal weight gain during pregnancy, while Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia muciniphila...

Daidzein-metabolising phenotypes in relation to serum lipids and uric acid in adults in Guangzhou, China.

The British Journal of Nutrition — Mon, 08 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, equol phenotypes might influence cardiovascular risk. PMID: 20205965 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The British Journal of Nutrition)

Effect of glycomacropeptide fractions on cholecystokinin and food intake.

The British Journal of Nutrition — Mon, 08 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

The objectives of the present study were to manufacture three glycoforms of GMP, minimally glycosylated GMP (3.5 (sd 0.1) % NeuNAc and 1.5 (sd 0.1) % Gal), glycosylated GMP (12.0 (sd 0.3) % NeuNAc and 4.2 (sd 0.2) % Gal) and a GMP-depleted whey protein concentrate, and to assess the effects of these fractions relative to glucose on CCK, subjective measures of satiety and food intake. In a randomised double-blind acute study, twenty overweight/obese males (56.9 (sd 7.2) years, 97.4 (sd 8.1) kg, 31.5 (sd 3.0) kg/m2) were recruited to consume four 50 g preloads (two GMP preparations, GMP-depleted whey and glucose) containing 895 kJ. Blood samples and subjective measures of satiety were collected before and at 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 min after the consumption of preload, and CCK levels wer...

Ageing, chronic alcohol consumption and folate are determinants of genomic DNA methylation, p16 promoter methylation and the expression of p16 in the mouse colon.

The British Journal of Nutrition — Mon, 08 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, ageing and chronic alcohol consumption alter genomic DNA methylation, p16 promoter methylation and p16 gene expression in the mouse colon, and dietary folate availability can further modify the relationship with alcohol in the young mouse. PMID: 20205967 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The British Journal of Nutrition)

Studies On Nutrients And Gene Expression Could Lead To Tailored Diets For Better Disease Prevention

Nutrition/Agriculture News From Medical News Today — Sun, 07 Mar 2010 08:00:00 +0100

Personal health recommendations and diets tailored to better prevent diseases may be in our future, just by focusing on genetics. Researchers at Kansas State University recently published an academic journal article discussing the potential for nutrigenomics, a field that studies the effects of food on gene expression... (Source: Nutrition/Agriculture News From Medical News Today)

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Link Between Vitamin D And Skin Cancer

Nutrition/Agriculture News From Medical News Today — Sat, 06 Mar 2010 08:00:00 +0100

A Henry Ford Hospital study has shown a link between Vitamin D levels and basal cell carcinoma, a finding that could lead researchers to better understand the development of the most common form of skin cancer... (Source: Nutrition/Agriculture News From Medical News Today)

Recipe: Curried cream of tomato soup with apples

MayoClinic.com Recipe of the Day — Sat, 06 Mar 2010 02:45:03 +0100

Curried cream of tomato soup with apples — one of many healthy recipes from Mayo Clinic. (Source: MayoClinic.com Recipe of the Day)

Throne Speech Demonstrates Commitment To Health, Environment: Canadian Lung Association

Water Quality / Air Quality News From Medical News Today — Fri, 05 Mar 2010 23:00:00 +0100

The Canadian Lung Association is pleased that today's Speech from the Throne demonstrated a continued commitment to health and the environment... (Source: Water Quality / Air Quality News From Medical News Today)

Food of the Month - Cabbage

HealthCastle.com Nutrition Tips - written by Registered Dietitians — Fri, 05 Mar 2010 16:08:24 +0100

Most of us associate cabbage with the round, waxy, light-green or purplish "heads" in the grocery store (or the pale shredded bits you see in bagged coleslaw mix). In fact, there are many varieties of cabbage available with differing shapes and colors. For example, savoy cabbage has curly leaves. And two Asian varieties - Napa and Bok Choy - are not round at all, but have elongated shapes with definite leafy parts. Cabbage belongs to the cruciferous family of vegetables, which includes kale, broccoli, brussels sprouts, and cauliflower. Click to read now (Source: HealthCastle.com Nutrition Tips - written by Registered Dietitians)

Food Technology Presents: Wellness 10, March 24-25

Nutrition/Agriculture News From Medical News Today — Fri, 05 Mar 2010 15:00:00 +0100

Food products are evolving to meet the needs of health-conscious consumers who demand new products that aim to promote better health, increase longevity, and prevent the onset of chronic diseases... (Source: Nutrition/Agriculture News From Medical News Today)

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Economic analysis of a diabetes-specific nutritional meal replacement for patients with type 2 diabetes.

Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition — Fri, 05 Mar 2010 11:10:04 +0100

This study extends nutritional intervention results reported by short-term clinical trials of a diabetes-specific nutritional meal replacement by assessing the ten-year impact of the interventions on patient outcomes and costs compared to usual care. We developed and validated a computer simulation of type 2 diabetes based on published data from major clinical trials. The model tracks patients through microvascular and macrovascular health states and reports cumulative costs and quality adjusted life years. We modeled different scenarios that include a diabetes-specific nutritional meal replacement as part of a structured lifestyle intervention, and also as the only difference between the intervention and usual care treatment groups, and compared them to usual care with diet and physical a...

Composition of weight gain during nutrition rehabilitation of severely under nourished children in a hospital based study from India.

Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition — Fri, 05 Mar 2010 11:10:04 +0100

This study examined the composition of weight gain in severely undernourished children who underwent nutrition rehabilitation in a hospital from India. Body composition of 80 severely malnourished children (age 6-60 months) was assessed using skin-fold thickness measurements on admission and after 1 month of supplementary feeding. On admission, children had severe weight and height deficits and were severely wasted. The mean weight for age z score, height for age z score and weight for height z score (WHZ) were -5.0, -4.2 and -4.1 respectively. Children consumed a mixed diet and mean energy intake was 177 kcal/kg/day with a protein energy ratio of 13. Overall, the mean weight gain was 6.1 g/kg/day and fat mass contributed to about 40% of the weight gain. When the composition of weight gain...

Correspondence of two procedures to measure abdominal circumference in a convenience sample of urban, middle-class schoolchildren in Guatemala City.

Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition — Fri, 05 Mar 2010 11:10:04 +0100

Conclusion: Reliable NWC and UAC measurements may be obtained by applying a correction term to account for light clothing. Both measurements are applicable methodologies for the collection of data in populations with cultural limitations. PMID: 20199983 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition)

Dietary patterns by reduced rank regression predicting changes in obesity indices in a cohort study: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study.

Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition — Fri, 05 Mar 2010 11:10:04 +0100

Conclusions: The results were indicative of a traditional pattern which is dominated in the Tehran region and associated with increase in obesity indices. PMID: 20199984 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition)

Effect of soy isoflavone extract supplements on bone mineral density in menopausal women: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition — Fri, 05 Mar 2010 11:10:04 +0100

This study was conducted to clarify the effect of ingesting soy isoflavone extracts (not soy protein or foods containing isoflavones) on bone mineral density (BMD) in menopausal women. PubMed, CENTRAL, ICHUSHI, CNKI, Wanfang Data, CQVIP, and NSTL were searched for randomized controlled trials published in English, Japanese, or Chinese reporting the effects of soy isoflavone extracts on lumbar spine or hip BMD in menopausal women. Trials were identified and reviewed for inclusion and exclusion eligibility. Data on study design, participants, interventions, and outcomes were extracted. Eleven, seven, five, and five trials were finally selected for estimation of the effects on spine, femoral neck, hip total, and trochanter BMD, respectively. Meta-analysis including data from1240 menopausal wo...

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Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration of Indigenous-Fijian and Fijian-Indian women.

Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition — Fri, 05 Mar 2010 11:10:04 +0100

Conclusion: Mean 25OHD in Fijian women was generally adequate and exceed concentrations reported in Pacific females living in New Zealand. PMID: 20199986 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition)

Hypovitaminosis D and K are highly prevalent and independent of overall malnutrition in the institutionalized elderly.

Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition — Fri, 05 Mar 2010 11:10:04 +0100

Authors: Kuwabara A, Himeno M, Tsugawa N, Kamao M, Fujii M, Kawai N, Fukuda M, Ogawa Y, Kido S, Okano T, Tanaka K There have been methodological problems for studying hypovitaminosis D and K in the elderly. First, studies were done either by evaluating food intake or measuring their circulating levels, but rarely by both in Japan. In this paper, vitamin D and K intakes and their circulating levels were simultaneously determined. Second issue is whether hypovitaminosis D and K are independent of general malnutrition, prevalent in the elderly. We tried to statistically discriminate them by principal component analysis (PCA). Fifty institutionalized elderly were evaluated for their circulating 25 hydroxy-vitamin D (25OH-D), intact parathyroid hormone (PTH), phylloquinone (PK), menaquinone...

High prevalence of low HDL-c in the Philippines compared to the US: population differences in associations with diet and BMI.

Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition — Fri, 05 Mar 2010 11:10:04 +0100

Authors: Rutherford JN, McDade TW, Feranil AB, Adair LS, Kuzawa CW Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death in the Philippines, although few studies here have examined the lipid profiles underlying disease risk. The isolated low high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) phenotype has been implicated as a CVD risk factor, the prevalence of which exhibits significant variation across populations. To assess population variation in individual lipid components and their associations with diet and anthropometric characteristics, we compare lipid profiles in a population of adult Filipino women (n=1877) to US women participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, n=477). We conducted multiple regression models to assess the relationship between...

Family nutritional support improves survival, immune restoration and adherence in HIV patients receiving ART in developing country.

Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition — Fri, 05 Mar 2010 11:10:04 +0100

Authors: Serrano C, Laporte R, Ide M, Nouhou Y, de Truchis P, Rouveix E, Adamou A, Pauly V, Mattei JF, Gastaut JA In developing countries, access to antiretroviral treatment for persons living with HIV is still in progress. Malnutrition represents another cause of acquired immunodeficiency and premature death. This evaluation program estimated the impact of family nutritional support during the first year of antiretroviral treatment in West Africa's sub-Sahara region. Family nutritional support was proposed to patients with CD-4 cell count <200 /mm3 and/or developing a WHO stage III/IV or with body mass index <18.5 kg/m2 and receiving antiretroviral treatment. Follow-up of 62 patients receiving support was compared to 118 patients who had only received antiretroviral treatment th...

Dietary habits and overweight/obesity in adolescents in Xi'an City, China.

Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition — Fri, 05 Mar 2010 11:10:04 +0100

This study explored the association between dietary habits and overweight and obesity in adolescents from Xi'an City, China. A cross-sectional sample of 1804 adolescents was recruited in 2004 from 30 junior high schools in six districts of Xi'an City, northwest China. Weight and height was measured and eating habits assessed using a self-administered questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to identify dietary patterns associated with overweight and obesity and adjusted for socio-demographic factors. Consumption of foods and beverages outside three main meals, and potato chips was more popular in boys than in girls, while girls consumed more fried food and soft drinks than boys. In boys, an increased consumption of soft drinks was associated with increased risk of overweight and obesity...

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Maintained total body water content and serum sodium concentrations despite body mass loss in female ultra-runners drinking ad libitum during a 100 km race.

Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition — Fri, 05 Mar 2010 11:10:04 +0100

Authors: Knechtle B, Senn O, Imoberdorf R, Joleska I, Wirth A, Knechtle P, Rosemann T We investigated in 11 female ultra-runners during a 100 km ultra-run, the association between fluid intake and prevalence of exercise-associated hyponatremia in a cross-sectional study. Athletes drank ad libitum and recorded their fluid intake. They competed at 8.0 (1.0) km/h and finished within 762 (91) min. Fluid intake was 4.1 (1.3) L during the race, equal to 0.3 (0.1) L/h. Body mass decreased by 1.5 kg (p< 0.01); pre race body mass was related to speed in the race (r = -0.78, p< 0.05); and change (Delta) in body mass was not associated with speed in the race. Change in body mass was positively (r = 0.70; p< 0.05), and Delta urinary specific gravity negatively (r = -0.67; p< 0.05), cor...

Male ironman triathletes lose skeletal muscle mass.

Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition — Fri, 05 Mar 2010 11:10:04 +0100

Authors: Knechtle B, Baumann B, Wirth A, Knechtle P, Rosemann T We investigated whether male triathletes in an Ironman triathlon lose body mass in the form of fat mass or skeletal muscle mass in a field study at the Ironman Switzerland in 27 male Caucasian non-professional Ironman triathletes. Pre- and post-race body mass, fat mass and skeletal muscle mass were determined. In addition, total body water, hematological and urinary parameters were measured in order to quantify hydration status. Body mass decreased by 1.8 kg (p< 0.05), skeletal muscle decreased by 1.0 kg (p< 0.05) whereas fat mass showed no changes. Urinary specific gravity, plasma urea and plasma volume increased (p< 0.05). Pre- to post-race change (Delta) in body mass was not associated with ? skeletal muscle ma...

Prevalence and characteristics of the metabolic syndrome among adults in Beijing, China.

Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition — Fri, 05 Mar 2010 11:10:04 +0100

This study was performed to investigate the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome using a large representative sample in Beijing. Data from a total of 16442 adults (6489 men and 9953 women) aged ?18 years from a survey of behavioral risk factors for chronic diseases in Beijing, in 2005, was analyzed. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome increased with age and the age-standardized prevalence of the metabolic syndrome defined by International Diabetes Federation IDF and National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III ATPIII criteria were 23.2% (24.5% in men and 22.7% in women) and 16.2% (16.1% in men and 16.6% in women), respectively. The metabolic syndrome was higher in semi-urban areas and associated with higher rates of hypertension, central obesity, salt intake and sm...

Folate intake associated with lung function, breathlessness and the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition — Fri, 05 Mar 2010 11:10:04 +0100

In conclusion, an inverse association was evident between dietary folate intake and the prevalence of breathlessness for Japanese adults, together with a significant dose-response relationship for the COPD risk. Moreover, increased folate intake might be beneficial to lung function. PMID: 20199994 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition)

Health benefits of nuts in prevention and management of diabetes.

Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition — Fri, 05 Mar 2010 11:10:04 +0100

Authors: Kendall CW, Esfahani A, Truan J, Srichaikul K, Jenkins DJ The effects of tree nuts on risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD), in particular blood lipids, have been investigated in a number of studies and the beneficial effects are now recognized. The beneficial effects of nuts on CHD in cohort studies have also been clearly demonstrated. However, while there is also reason to believe the unique micro- and macronutrient profiles of nuts may help to control blood glucose levels, relatively few studies have investigated their role in diabetes control and prevention. Nuts are low in available carbohydrate, have a healthy fatty acid profile, and are high in vegetable protein, fiber and magnesium. Acute feeding studies indicate that when eaten alone nuts have minimal effects ...

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The phytochemical composition and antioxidant actions of tree nuts.

Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition — Fri, 05 Mar 2010 11:10:04 +0100

Authors: Bolling BW, McKay DL, Blumberg JB In addition to being a rich source of several essential vitamins and minerals, mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and fiber, most tree nuts provide an array of phytochemicals that may contribute to the health benefits attributed to this whole food. Although many of these constituents remain to be fully identified and characterized, broad classes include the carotenoids, hydrolyzable tannins, lignans, naphthoquinones, phenolic acids, phytosterols, polyphenols, and tocopherols. These phytochemicals have been shown to possess a range of bioactivity, including antioxidant, antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and hypocholesterolemic properties. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the carotenoid, phenolic, and tocopherol...

Nuts, inflammation and insulin resistance.

Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition — Fri, 05 Mar 2010 11:10:04 +0100

Authors: Casas-Agustench P, Bullo M, Salas-Salvado J The beneficial effects of nut consumption on cardiovascular disease (CVD) have been widely documented. These protective effects are mainly attributed to the role of nuts in the metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins. As chronic inflammation is a key early stage in the atherosclerotic process that predicts future CVD events and is closely related to the pathogenesis of insulin resistance, many recent studies have focused on the potential effect of nut consumption on inflammation and insulin resistance. Through different mechanisms, some components of nuts such as magnesium, fiber, alpha-linolenic acid, L-arginine, antioxidants and MUFA may protect against inflammation and insulin resistance. This review evaluates the epidemiologic and ...

Nuts, blood lipids and cardiovascular disease.

Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition — Fri, 05 Mar 2010 11:10:04 +0100

Authors: Sabate J, Wien M The aim of this paper is to evaluate nut-related epidemiological and human feeding study findings and to discuss the important nutritional attributes of nuts and their link to cardiovascular health. Frequent nut consumption has been found to be protective against coronary heart disease in five large epidemiological studies across two continents. A qualitative summary of the data from four of these studies found an 8.3% reduction in risk of death from coronary heart disease for each weekly serving of nuts. Over 40 dietary intervention studies have been conducted evaluating the effect of nut containing diets on blood lipids. These studies have demonstrated that intake of different kinds of nuts lower total and LDL cholesterol and the LDL: HDL ratio in healthy su...

Nuts and healthy body weight maintenance mechanisms.

Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition — Fri, 05 Mar 2010 11:10:04 +0100

Authors: Mattes RD, Dreher ML Nuts are rich sources of multiple nutrients and phytochemicals associated with health benefits, including reduced cardiovascular disease risk. This has prompted recommendations to increase their consumption. However, they are also high in fat and are energy dense. The associations between these properties, positive energy balance and body weight raise questions about such recommendations. Numerous epidemiological and clinical studies show that nuts are not associated with weight gain. Mechanistic studies indicate this is largely attributable to the high satiety and low metabolizable energy (poor bioaccessibility leading to inefficient energy absorption) properties of nuts. Compensatory dietary responses account for 55-75% of the energy provided by nuts. Li...

Tree nut consumption improves nutrient intake and diet quality in US adults: an analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2004.

Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition — Fri, 05 Mar 2010 11:10:04 +0100

This study determined the association of tree nut consumption and nutrient intake and diet quality using a nationally representative sample of adults. Adults 19+ years (y) (n=13,292) participating in the 1999-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used. Intake was determined from 24-hour diet recalls; tree nut consumers were defined as those consuming >=(1/4) ounce/day (7.09 g). Means, standard errors, and ANOVA (adjusted for covariates) were determined using appropriate sample weights. Diet quality was measured using the Healthy Eating Index-2005. Among consumers, mean intake of tree nuts/tree nut butters was 1.19 +/- 0.04 oz/d versus 0.01 +/- 0.00 oz/d for non-consumers. In this study, 5.5 +/- 0.3 % of individuals 19-50 y (n=7,049) and 8.4 +/- 0.6 % of individuals ...

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Dietitians: Save Money And The Environment This Clean Up Australia Day

Nutrition/Agriculture News From Medical News Today — Fri, 05 Mar 2010 11:00:00 +0100

Going beyond environmentally-friendly shopping bags, and paying more attention to what goes in them, can stop food waste and help save the environment. That's the message from dietitians this Clean Up Australia Day (7 March)... (Source: Nutrition/Agriculture News From Medical News Today)

Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack Addresses The School Nutrition Association, Issues Call To Action For Child Nutrition Stakeholders

Nutrition/Agriculture News From Medical News Today — Fri, 05 Mar 2010 09:00:00 +0100

Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack spoke to the School Nutrition Association and highlighted the Obama Administration's priorities for the reauthorization of the Child Nutrition Act and issued a call to stakeholders to improve the health and nutrition of our nation's children... (Source: Nutrition/Agriculture News From Medical News Today)

Teens Who Drink Juice Have Healthier Diets, Eat More Whole Fruit

Nutrition/Agriculture News From Medical News Today — Fri, 05 Mar 2010 09:00:00 +0100

New research published in the March/April issue of the American Journal of Health Promotion shows that teens drinking 100 percent fruit juice have more nutritious diets overall compared to non-consumers... (Source: Nutrition/Agriculture News From Medical News Today)

Supermarket Lighting Enhances Nutrient Level Of Fresh Spinach

Nutrition/Agriculture News From Medical News Today — Fri, 05 Mar 2010 09:00:00 +0100

Far from being a food spoiler, the fluorescent lighting in supermarkets actually can boost the nutritional value of fresh spinach, scientists are reporting. The finding could lead to improved ways of preserving and enhancing the nutritional value of spinach and perhaps other veggies, they suggest in a study in ACS' bi-weekly Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. Gene Lester, Donald J... (Source: Nutrition/Agriculture News From Medical News Today)