MedWorm: Pathology

From the Literature: Case Reports

Molecular Diagnosis — Sat, 21 Nov 2009 14:50:47 +0100

(Source: Molecular Diagnosis)

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Genotyping of CYP21A2 for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Screening using Allele-Specific Primer Extension followed by Bead Array Hybridization

Molecular Diagnosis — Sat, 21 Nov 2009 14:50:47 +0100

(Source: Molecular Diagnosis)

Correlation Between Flagellin A (flaA) Genotypes and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Campylobacter jejuni Strains Isolated from Children with Gastroenteritis in Athens, Greece

Molecular Diagnosis — Sat, 21 Nov 2009 14:50:47 +0100

(Source: Molecular Diagnosis)

Isothermal Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Genotyping and Direct PCR from Whole Blood Using a Novel Whole-Blood Lysis Buffer

Molecular Diagnosis — Sat, 21 Nov 2009 14:50:47 +0100

(Source: Molecular Diagnosis)

Influence of Some Cardiovascular Risk Factors on the Expression of Platelet Glycoprotein IIbIIIa Receptors in Patients with Myocardial Infarction Treated with Antiplatelet Drugs under Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Molecular Diagnosis — Sat, 21 Nov 2009 14:50:47 +0100

(Source: Molecular Diagnosis)

Molecular Classification of Cancers of Unknown Primary Site

Molecular Diagnosis — Sat, 21 Nov 2009 14:50:47 +0100

(Source: Molecular Diagnosis)

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Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Dimerization Analysis in Breast Cancer Diagnosis: Potential for Improving Testing Accuracy and Treatment Selection

Molecular Diagnosis — Sat, 21 Nov 2009 14:50:47 +0100

(Source: Molecular Diagnosis)

Early Detection of Breast Cancer: New Biomarker Tests on the Horizon?

Molecular Diagnosis — Sat, 21 Nov 2009 14:50:47 +0100

(Source: Molecular Diagnosis)

Acknowledgment

Molecular Diagnosis — Sat, 21 Nov 2009 02:05:55 +0100

(Source: Molecular Diagnosis)

Single-molecule genomics

The Journal of Pathology — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

The term 'single-molecule genomics' (SMG) describes a group of molecular methods in which single molecules are detected or sequenced. The focus on the analysis of individual molecules distinguishes these techniques from more traditional methods, in which template DNA is cloned or PCR-amplified prior to analysis. Although technically challenging, the analysis of single molecules has the potential to play a major role in the delivery of truly personalized medicine. The two main subgroups of SMG methods are single-molecule digital PCR and single-molecule sequencing. Single-molecule PCR has a number of advantages over competing technologies, including improved detection of rare genetic variants and more precise analysis of copy-number variation, and is more easily adapted to the often small am...

Clear cell sarcoma: Cytopathologic finding of a "tigroid" background

Diagnostic Cytopathology — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

No abstract. (Source: Diagnostic Cytopathology)

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Topical tacrolimus and pimecrolimus in the treatment of oral lichen planus: an update

Journal of Oral Pathology and Medicine — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: There is need for larger placebo-controlled, randomized studies with carefully selected and standardized outcome measures. (Source: Journal of Oral Pathology and Medicine)

DNA ploidy in oral lichen planus, determined by image cytometry

Journal of Oral Pathology and Medicine — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The most common degree of DNA ploidy in OLP lesions was diploidy. Comparing the two groups (chi-square test of association P = 0.021) demonstrated that diploidy was associated with the reticular clinical form of OLP, while aneuploidy was associated with the atrophic-erosive clinical form of oral lichen planus. (Source: Journal of Oral Pathology and Medicine)

Expression of tenascin and nucleolar organizer region in ameloblastoma and ameloblastic fibroma

Journal of Oral Pathology and Medicine — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Expression of tenascin in these neoplasms suggest that it could play a role in epithelial- mesenchymal interaction, while AgNORs reveal that ameloblastomas are more aggressive when compared with ameloblastic fibromas. (Source: Journal of Oral Pathology and Medicine)

Neuropathology of non-Alzheimer degenerative disorders.

International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology — Thu, 19 Nov 2009 10:38:02 +0100

Authors: Dickson DW Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by selective and progressive loss of specific populations of neurons, which determines the clinical presentation. The same neuronal populations can be affected in a number of different disorders. Given that the clinical presentation reflects the particular population of neurons that are targets of the disease process, it is clear that for any given clinical syndrome, more than one neurodegenerative disease can account for the clinical syndrome. Because of this clinical ambiguity, for the purpose of this brief review neurodegenerative disorders are classified according to the underlying molecular pathology rather than their clinical presentation. The major neurodegenerative diseases can be classified into amyloidoses, tauo...

HMGB1, an innate alarmin, in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes.

International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology — Thu, 19 Nov 2009 10:38:02 +0100

Authors: Zhang S, Zhong J, Yang P, Gong F, Wang CY HMGB1, an evolutionarily conserved chromosomal protein, was recently re-discovered to act as a "danger signal" (alarmin) to alert the innate immune system for the initiation of host defense or tissue repair. Extracellular HMGB1 can be either passively released from damaged/necrotic cells or secreted by activated immune cells. Upon stimulation, dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages and natural killer (NK) cells secrete high levels of HMGB1 into the intercellular milieu. HMGB1 is potent to target DCs, macrophages, neutrophils and CD4(+) T cells. It also upregulates the expression of BCL-XL by which it may prevent the elimination of activated immune cells. As a result, HMGB1 has been suggested to be implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmu...

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Pitfalls in diagnostic hematopathology - Part II.

International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology — Thu, 19 Nov 2009 10:38:02 +0100

Authors: Zhao XF The overlapping features of malignant lymphomas create a diagnostic "grey zone" , and lead to the invention of "grey zone lymphomas". There are several major grey zone lymphomas: 1) Lymphomas with overlapping features of Hodgkin lymphoma and large B-cell lymphoma; 2) Lymphomas with overlapping features of Burkitt lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; 3) Lymphomas with overlapping features of nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma and T-cell/histiocyte rich large B-cell lymphoma; 4) Lymphomas with overlapping features of Hodgkin lymphoma, anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) and peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL); 5) T-cell classical Hodgkin lymphoma and ALCL-HL. The second review of this series will be dedicated to discussion of the "grey zone" features ...

The developmental transcription factor Gata4 is overexpressed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology — Thu, 19 Nov 2009 10:38:02 +0100

Authors: Karafin MS, Cummings CT, Fu B, Iacobuzio-Donahue CA GATA4 is a transcription factor that plays a role in regulating the normal development of many mesoderm and endoderm derived tissues, including the pancreas. Silencing of GATA4 mRNA expression by promoter methylation has been implicated in carcinogenesis of the ovary, lung and colorectum. By contrast, GATA4 mRNA expression is upregulated in pancreatic cancer cell lines and tissues. To further clarify the relationship of GATA4 to pancreatic cancer, we immunolabeled 90 samples of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma using a GATA4 specific monoclonal antibody. Both the intensity and percent of labeling was recorded for each carcinoma and correlated to the clinic opathologic features available for each patient. Samples of normal adul...

MPEP Reduces Seizure Severity in Fmr-1 KO mice over Expressing Human Abeta.

International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology — Thu, 19 Nov 2009 10:38:02 +0100

Authors: Westmark CJ, Westmark PR, Malter JS Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR(5)) regulates the translation of amyloid precursor protein (APP) mRNA. Under resting conditions, mRNA is bound to and translationally repressed by the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). Upon group 1 mGluR activation, FMRP dissociates from the mRNA and translation ensues. APP levels are elevated in the dendrites of primary neuronal cultures as well as in synaptoneurosomes (SN) prepared from embryonic and juvenile fmr-1 knockout (KO) mice, respectively. In order to study the effects of APP and its proteolytic product Abeta on Fragile X syndrome (FXS) phenotypes, we created a novel mouse model (FRAXAD) that over-expresses human APPSwe/Abeta in an fmr-1 KO background. Herein, we assess (1) human...

Plugs clog the glandular outlets in fundic gland polyps.

International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology — Thu, 19 Nov 2009 10:38:02 +0100

Authors: Rubio CA A systematic histologic analysis of 62 gastric fundic gland polyps (FGP) was carried out. All FGP (100%) showed foveolar cells with hypertrophic cytoplasm. In 95% of the FGP, parietal cells ballooned into the lumen and in 93%, exfoliated anucleated structures with eosinophilic granules were found. Plugs of anucleated structures with eosinophilic granules, most likely derived from exfoliated parietal cells, were found to clog the outlets of the glands in 86% of the FGP. None of the 30 control gastric biopsies without FGP had similar cellular aberrations. FGP seems to evolve by cellular aberrations affecting parietal cells. This is not surprising considering that genetic mutations are recorded in FGP with a common APC/b-catenin pathway in both FAP and sporadic cases. Th...

Diagnosis of biphenotypic acute leukemia: a paradigmatic approach.

International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology — Thu, 19 Nov 2009 10:38:02 +0100

Authors: Zhao XF, Gojo I, York T, Ning Y, Baer MR Biphenotypic acute leukemia (BAL), or acute leukemia with a single population of blasts coexpressing markers of two different lineages, is a rare clinical entity. To define BAL, a scoring system was proposed by the European Group of Immunological Markers for Leukemias (EGIL) in 1995. However, increasing evidence suggests that this system has limitations, as acknowledged by the 2008 World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Tumors of Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues. Although substantially improved in relation to the EGIL, the new WHO Classification is still not optimal for guiding the clinical management of patients with BAL. We propose a new paradigmatic approach to defining BAL based on recent clinical studies of BAL and adv...

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Columnar cell lesions and pseudoangiomatous hyperplasia like stroma: is there an epithelial-stromal interaction?

International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology — Thu, 19 Nov 2009 10:38:02 +0100

Authors: Recavarren RA, Chivukula M, Carter G, Dabbs DJ The significance of association between cancer and its microenvironment has been increasingly recognized. It has been shown in animal models that interaction between neoplastic epithelial cells and adjacent stroma can modulate tumor behavior. Carcinoma associated stromal cells can transform normal epithelial cells into neoplastic cells. In breast, columnar cell lesions are non-obligate precursors of low grade ductal carcinoma in situ. Columnar cell lesions can be seen intimately associated with PASH-like-stroma, a lesion we termed as CCPLS. Our aim is to investigate epithelial-stromal interactions in CCPLS and compare them to PASH without columnar cell lesions in breast core needle biopsies. Normal terminal duct lobular unit (TDLU...

Utility of desmin and a Masson's trichrome method to detect early acute myocardial infarction in autopsy tissues.

International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology — Thu, 19 Nov 2009 10:38:02 +0100

Authors: Ouyang J, Guzman M, Desoto-Lapaix F, Pincus MR, Wieczorek R Detection of early acute myocardial ischemia/infarction prior to neutrophilic infiltration in autopsy myocardium poses a diagnostic dilemma to the surgical pathologist. Morphological changes can be subtle or not identified at all on the hematoxylin and eosin stain. To evaluate the Masson's trichrome stain and immunohistochemical stains, desmin and myoglobin, in detecting acute myocardial ischemia/infarction in autopsy myocardium. We reviewed the autopsy files of the New York Harbor Healthcare System and retrieved 25 cases of early acute myocardial infarction. Three autopsy hearts of non-cardiac related deaths were used as controls. Sections from grossly suspected early acute myocardial infaction areas were stained by ...

Asymptomatic diffuse "encephalitic" cerebral toxoplasmosis in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: case report and review of the literature.

International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology — Thu, 19 Nov 2009 10:38:02 +0100

We describe a 70 year old male with stage IV chronic lymphocytic leukemia complicated by aplastic anemia. Neurological examination and imaging revealed no significant abnormalities. At autopsy, the brain revealed multifocal cysts and free tachyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii with diffuse microglial nodules and no necrosis. To the best of our knowledge, this case represents the first report of the "encephalitic" form of toxoplasmosis in a non-AIDS patient. PMID: 19918334 [PubMed - in process] (Source: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology)

Persistent non-neoplastic gammadelta-T cells in cerebrospinal fluid of a patient with hepatosplenic (gammadelta) T cell lymphoma: a case report with 6 years of flow cytometry follow-up.

International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology — Thu, 19 Nov 2009 10:38:02 +0100

We describe a case of a 31-year old man diagnosed with a gammadelta HSTCL in 2003, successfully treated with chemotherapy and allogeneic stem cell transplantation, and followed from 2003 to present. Four-color flow cytometry (FC) was performed on a BD FACSCalibur and data analyzed with CellQuest Pro and FCS Express software. For cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), all cells were acquired due to limited material. Cytological correlation was available on all specimens. Molecular studies for T-cell gene rearrangement were non-contributory. By FC, the diagnostic HSTCL immunophenotype was CD3 (+), CD7 (+), CD2 (+), CD5 (-), CD4 (-), CD8 (-), TCR gammadelta (+). Subsequent CSF FC analysis revealed a distinct population of gammadelta T-cells in all specimens, ranging from <1% to 13% of lymphocytes. Con...

Silicone implant and primary breast ALK1-negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma, fact or fiction?

International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology — Thu, 19 Nov 2009 10:38:02 +0100

In this report, we describe an additional case of primary breast ALK1-negative ALCL in the fibrous capsule and cystic fluid of silicone breast implant in a 58 year old woman who underwent breast reconstructive surgery after lumpectomy for her infiltrating breast adenocarcinoma. Morphologically and immunohistochemically, the lymphoma cells may be confused with recurrent infiltrating breast adenocarcinoma or other non-hematolymphoid malignancies. Molecular studies were needed to determine T-lineage differentiation of the malignant lymphoma cells. We will also review the case reports and case series published in the English literature and discuss our current understanding of silicone implant in primary breast ALK1-negative ALCL. PMID: 19918336 [PubMed - in process] (Source: International ...

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The contribution of gene expression profiling to breast cancer classification, prognostication and prediction: a retrospective of the last decade

The Journal of Pathology — Thu, 19 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

In the last decade, the development of microarrays and the ability to perform massively parallel gene expression analysis of human tumours were received with great excitement by the scientific community. The promise of microarrays was of apocalyptic dimensions, with some experts envisaging that it would be a matter of a few years for this technology to replace traditional clinicopathological markers in clinical practice and treatment decision-making. The replacement of histopathology by high-tech and more objective approaches to cancer diagnosis, prognostication and prediction was, at that time, a foregone conclusion. Ten years after the initial publications of translational research studies using microarrays, one cannot deny that this technology has changed the way breast cancer is percei...

The role of nuclear organization in cancer

The Journal of Pathology — Thu, 19 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

The functional significance of changes in nuclear structure and organization in transformed cells remains one of the most enigmatic questions in cancer biology. In this review, we discuss relationships between nuclear organization and transcription in terms of the three-dimensional arrangement of genes in the interphase cancer nucleus and the regulatory functions of nuclear matrix proteins. We also analyse the role of nuclear topology in the generation of gene fusions. We speculate that this type of multi-layered analysis will one day provide a framework for a more comprehensive understanding of the genetic origins of cancer and the identification of new therapeutic targets. Copyright © 2009 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (Source: T...

General lessons from large-scale studies to identify human cancer predisposition genes

The Journal of Pathology — Thu, 19 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

There are now about 100 genes known to cause Mendelian inherited cancer syndromes, but these only explain a minor part of the familial clustering of the common cancers. The increased familial relative risk of cancer in the general population must largely involve genes of low- or moderate-penetrance. Until recently, attempts to identify cancer predisposition genes with low penetrance had proved similarly unrewarding. However, in the past 2 years, developments in this area have been rapid. In particular, the 'common disease-common variant' model of predisposition has come to the fore. In this model, alleles of high frequency (typically > 10%) and low penetrance (typically < two-fold increased lifetime risk) contribute substantially to susceptibility to the common human diseases, including ca...

Polymicrobial lung infection in postrenal transplant recipient diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration cytology

Diagnostic Cytopathology — Thu, 19 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

We report a case of concomitant pulmonary cryptococcosis, aspergillosis, and tuberculosis in a renal transplant recipient diagnosed on FNAC.A 50-year-old renal transplant recipient, asymptomatic for 3 year, presented with intermittent low-grade fever associated with cough, expectoration, and a newly developed cavitatory lesion in the left lung on chest X-ray. Computed tomography-guided FNAC performed on the lung lesion showed fungal profiles with septate hyphae and acute-angled branching consistent with morphology of Aspergillus. In addition, numerous yeast forms of cryptococcus and a few acid-fast mycobacterial tubercle bacilli were seen.Guided FNAC is a useful and reliable technique for the diagnosis of pulmonary infection. One should always keep in mind the possibility of polymicrobial ...

Bursal gouty tophus: Fine-needle aspiration cytology intrabursal tophus on FNAC

Diagnostic Cytopathology — Thu, 19 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

No abstract. (Source: Diagnostic Cytopathology)

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Cytological features of cystadenocarcinoma in cyst fluid of the parotid gland: Diagnostic pitfalls and literature review

Diagnostic Cytopathology — Thu, 19 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

We report a case of cystadenocarcinoma causing difficulty in cytological diagnosis. A 23-year-old man presented with an asymptomatic mass in the left parotid gland that had been present for 2 years. The mass was elastic hard, measuring 30 × 35 mm in diameter. Preoperative fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) showed a small number of tumor cell clusters in the cystic fluid. The cluster was arranged in a ball-like structure and was cohesive with overlapping. Tumor cells had a small vacuolated, soap-bubble appearance in the cytoplasm. The papillary-cystic variant of acinic cell carcinoma (ACC-PCV) was suggested from these findings on FNAC. Histologically, the tumor was not encapsulated, but formed large cystic spaces against a background of fibrous connective tissue. The tumor cells in the...

Cervical cytology in patients with postmenopausal bleeding

Diagnostic Cytopathology — Thu, 19 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

In this study, the role of cervical cytology in the diagnosis of post or perimenopausal (PM) bleeding was explored. A total of 135 patients with PM bleeding were selected. In all these cases both conventional cervical cytology and histopathology follow up were available. The commonest causes of postmenopausal (PM) bleeding with abnormal histopathology were squamous cell carcinoma of cervix (14), endocervical polyp (13), endometrial adenocarcinomas (13) and simple hyperplasia without atypia (13). There were a total 13 cases of endometrial adenocarcinoma and cervical smears of these cases were reported as high grade squamous intra epithelial lesion (1), presence of endometrial cells (4), unsatisfactory due to low cellularity (2), and within normal limit (6). In brief, endometrial carcinoma a...

2+ HER-2/neu IHC results: positively equivocal

Journal of Cutaneous Pathology — Thu, 19 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

(Source: Journal of Cutaneous Pathology)

Significance of podoplanin expression in keratocystic odontogenic tumor

Journal of Oral Pathology and Medicine — Thu, 19 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Podoplanin is strongly expressed in KCOTs in comparison with OOCs. The pattern of staining for podoplanin in KCOT could be related to its neoplastic nature, and suggests a role of the protein in tumor invasiveness. (Source: Journal of Oral Pathology and Medicine)

Aperio Awarded Patent for Client/Server Image Analysis

Aperio Technologies | Press Releases — Wed, 18 Nov 2009 15:10:45 +0100

(Source: Aperio Technologies | Press Releases)

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Adverse effect of heroin hydrochloride on selected male reproductive parameters in mice

Comparative Clinical Pathology — Wed, 18 Nov 2009 09:27:33 +0100

This study investigated the effects of heroin on selected male reproductive parameters in mice (Balb/C), e.g. body weight, testis weight, gonado-somatic index, sperm viability, concentration of serum testosterone and fertility rate. Seventy-two mice (36 male and 36 female) were used. The male mice were divided into two control and two experimental groups. For evaluation of fertility rate, three mice were chosen from each group. Experimental groups of heroin-dependant mice were divided into two groups: Experimental group I were given heroin at a dose of 5 mg/kg and experimental group II 5 mg/ml, intra-peritoneally twice daily for a period of 40 days. Results showed that heroin reduced sperm viability, serum testosterone concentration as well as body weight, testis weigh...

CD 9 and vimentin distinguish clear cell from chromophobe renal cell carcinoma

BMC Clinical Pathology - Latest articles — Wed, 18 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Based on gene expression analysis, we identify CD9 and vimentin as candidate markers for distinguishing between ccRCC and chRCC. In difficult cases and particularly when the amount of diagnostic tissue is limited, vimentin and CD9 staining could serve as a useful adjunct in the differential diagnosis of ccRCC and chRCC. (Source: BMC Clinical Pathology - Latest articles)

Lymphoepitelioma-like carcinoma of the skin: report of three cases

Journal of Cutaneous Pathology — Wed, 18 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

We describe three new cases of this entity that support an epidermic origin. López V, Martín JM, Santonja N, Molina I, Ramón D, Monteagudo C, Jordá E. Lymphoepitelioma-like carcinoma of the skin: report of three cases (Source: Journal of Cutaneous Pathology)

Borderline CD30+ cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorder: report of a case with expression of cytotoxic markers and response to clarithromycin

Journal of Cutaneous Pathology — Wed, 18 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

We describe a case of borderline CD30+ CLPD with cytotoxic phenotype, presenting in a 22-year-old male patient as an ulcer on the forearm. He reported having had similar ulcers on the buttock and thigh that spontaneously regressed over the course of 1 year. The lesion resolved with a single course of clarithromycin; a subsequent lesion, too, responded to clarithromycin, and no recurrences or systemic involvement have been documented in the 9-month follow-up. A conservative approach in the management of CD30+ CLPD is recommended. We believe that the anti-inflammatory and apoptotic effects of clarithromycin on T cells may have hastened the remission process. Ponte P, Serrão V, Viana I, Vale E, João A, Cerroni L. Borderline CD30+ cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorder: report of a case with...

De novo intraepidermal epithelioid melanocytic dysplasia: an emerging entity

Journal of Cutaneous Pathology — Wed, 18 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

De novo intraepidermal epithelioid melanocytic dysplasia represents a distinctive form of intraepidermal melanocytic dysplasia. Although these lesions are atypical, they are not diagnostic of melanoma. They are considered a part of the atypical mole phenotype and may define a point in the natural course of melanomagenesis. Magro CM, Crowson AN, Mihm MC, Kline M. De novo intraepidermal epithelioid melanocytic dysplasia: an emerging entity of diagnostic and clinical importance. (Source: Journal of Cutaneous Pathology)

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Comparison between PAS and GMS stains for the diagnosis of onychomycosis

Journal of Cutaneous Pathology — Wed, 18 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: PAS and GMS stains are quantitatively similar. Sensitivity of both methods can be increased by preparing two slides from different levels in the paraffin block. Reza Kermanshahi T, Rhatigan R. Comparison between PAS and GMS stains for the diagnosis of onychomycosis. (Source: Journal of Cutaneous Pathology)

Human neuroblastoma cell line SNU-NB1 loses sensitivity to brain-derived neurotrophic factor during establishment

Basic and Applied Pathology — Wed, 18 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: The patterns of trkA and trkB mRNA expression were markers for different lineages of transformed cells but were inconsistent with the clinical behavior. (Source: Basic and Applied Pathology)

Peripancreatic lymph node gastrinoma

Basic and Applied Pathology — Wed, 18 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Gastrinoma is one of the most symptomatic pancreatic endocrine tumors and is associated with recurrent gastric or duodenal ulcer and an induction of chronic gastric acid hypersecretion. This tumor is commonly involved within the gastrinoma triangle. Herein we report a peripancreatic lymph node gastrinoma in a 56-year-old man who was suffered from a recurrent duodenal or jejunal ulcer perforation. Octreotide scan detected a peripancreatic or periduodenal mass and the serum gastrin level was set in upper normal range (107.73 pg/mL). Whipple's procedure was performed. The resected specimen showed multiple duodenal ulcers, hypertrophic gastric body mucosa and an enlarged peripancreatic node, measured 1.5 × 1.0 cm in cross diameter. Microscopic examination revealed a single enlarged lymph node...

How overworked are pathologists? An assessment of cases for histopathology and cytopathology services

Basic and Applied Pathology — Wed, 18 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: We propose a mean plus a standard deviation as a recommended guideline for staff workload at each laboratory setting to be used for a quality assurance program. (Source: Basic and Applied Pathology)

Network-based drugs and biomarkers

The Journal of Pathology — Wed, 18 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

The structure and dynamics of protein signalling networks governs cell decision processes and the formation of tissue boundaries. Complex diseases such as cancer and diabetes are diseases of such networks. Therefore approaches that can give insight into how these networks change during disease progression are crucial for better understanding, detection and intervention. The era of network medicine has begun; however, there are fundamental principles associated with molecular networks that are essential to consider for this field to succeed. Here, we introduce network biology and some of its associated technologies. We then focus on the multivariate nature of cellular networks and how this has implications for biomarker and drug discovery using cancer metastasis as an example. Copyright © ...

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DNIEMD and other acronyms

Journal of Cutaneous Pathology — Wed, 18 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

(Source: Journal of Cutaneous Pathology)

CD98 expression is decreased in papillary carcinoma of the thyroid and Hashimoto's thyroiditis

Histopathology — Wed, 18 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: CD98 expression is down-regulated in thyroid papillary carcinoma; this may relate to the better prognosis associated with many of these tumours. (Source: Histopathology)

Establishment and characterization of a novel human malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor cell line, FMS-1, that overexpresses epidermal growth factor receptor and cyclooxygenase-2

Virchows Archiv — Tue, 17 Nov 2009 23:51:08 +0100

Abstract Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is a rare soft tissue sarcoma. We established a new human MPNST cell line (designated FMS-1) from MPNST of the right brachial plexus of a 69-year-old woman with NF1. The cell line has been maintained for >24 months with >100 passages. FMS-1 cells showed a fibrosarcoma-like or epithelioid pattern in the heterotransplanted tumor, compared with a fascicular growth pattern of short-spindle tumor cells in the primary tumor. Immunophenotypically, FMS-1 cells showed almost the same characteristics as the primary tumor. Cytogenetic and molecular analyses revealed a deletion in exons 5-8 of the p53 gene. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 were expressed in FMS-1 cells. To improve the...

Expression of MMP-10, MMP-21, MMP-26, and MMP-28 in Merkel cell carcinoma

Virchows Archiv — Tue, 17 Nov 2009 23:51:05 +0100

We examined by immunohistochemistry the expression of three novel matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)—MMP-21, MMP-26, and MMP-28—in 44 primary MCC tumors and six lymph node metastases while MMP-10 served as a positive control. Their mRNA expression was also studied in the UISO MCC cell line basally and after various stimulations using quantitative real-time PCR. MMP-28 was observed in tumor cells of 15/44 samples especially in tumors <2 cm in diameter (p = 0.015) while 21/44 specimens showed MMP-28 in the tumor stroma. Expression of MMP-21 was demonstrated in tumor cells of 13/43 samples. MMP-26, instead, was positive in stromal cells (17/44) and its expression associated with tumors ≥2 cm in diameter (p = 0.006). Stromal expression of MMP-10 was the most freq...

Change in haematological profile of pregnant camels (Camelus dromedarius) at term

Comparative Clinical Pathology — Tue, 17 Nov 2009 23:47:05 +0100

Abstract Haematological parameters of 28 pregnant camels (Camelus dromedarius) were compared with those of 32 non-pregnant camels (C. dromedarius). The parameters compared were: total erythrocytes count (RBC), haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration and total leucocyte count (TLC). Results obtained indicate that RBC, Hb and PCV decreased in the later stages of pregnancy while TLC remained unchanged. Calculated indices revealed a significant increase in MCV (p < 0.02) of pregnant camels. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00580-009-0933-5Authors Ahsan Saeed, Veterinary Research Centre P.O.Box-72437 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates...

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Hemostatic profile, platelets, and blood constituents of the Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx)

Comparative Clinical Pathology — Tue, 17 Nov 2009 23:47:05 +0100

Abstract Hemostatic, hematological, and chemical parameters were determined in 25 captive Arabian oryxes (Oryx leucoryx) of both sexes. Hemostatic parameters included prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen, and clotting factors activities. Serum concentrations of 26 biochemical and inorganic constituents were determined along with hematological data, namely platelet counts, platelet indices, and red and white blood cell variables. Hemostatic parameters, platelet indices, and many biochemical components are reported for the first time in the Arabian oryx. Relatively low mean platelet volume, plateletcrit and platelet distribution width, and relatively short prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin times and high platelet counts, and F:VII...

Evaluation of the expression of TLR-2, Dectin-1 and TNF-α level in invasive aspergillosis in cancer mice

Comparative Clinical Pathology — Tue, 17 Nov 2009 23:47:03 +0100

In this study, we explored whether the innate resistance to IA in cancer mice has resulted in altered expression of TLR-2 and Dectin-1 in macrophages (flow cytometry) and production of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α; ELISA) as well as overall mortality. The data demonstrated significant increases in Dectin-1 and TLR-2 on peritoneal macrophages and mortality in cancer mice intravenously infected with A. fumigatus. TNF-α levels were not significantly increased in this group. Probably, IA causes some disorganization in inflammatory responses. We hypothesize that concomitance of IA and cancer may change the micro-environment for local or systemic immune responses. Other complementary studies are required to support our hypothesis. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original Ar...

Reply to: Austin <i>et al</i>. CytoJournal 2009;6:12 (Unfounded claims mar scientific critique)

CytoJournal — Tue, 17 Nov 2009 15:00:45 +0100

Jeronimo Jose, Barone Mark A, Luciani Silvana, Lu Ricky, Sherris Jacqueline, Torod Julie, Tsu VivienCytoJournal 2009, 6:23 (Source: CytoJournal)

November 16, 2009

CAP Transformation of the Pathology Specialty — Tue, 17 Nov 2009 14:30:00 +0100

NEW Real Transformation Story – Pathologist Improves Diagnostic Reporting Through the Electronic Medical Records—Facilitates Communication within Hospital and with Clinical Colleagues (Source: CAP Transformation of the Pathology Specialty)

Mouse Models for Cancer Stem Cell Research.

Toxicologic Pathology — Tue, 17 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Cheng L, Ramesh AV, Flesken-Nikitin A, Choi J, Nikitin AY The cancer stem cell concept assumes that cancers are mainly sustained by a small pool of neoplastic cells, known as cancer stem cells or tumor initiating cells, which are able to reproduce themselves and produce phenotypically heterogeneous cells with lesser tumorigenic potential. Cancer stem cells represent an appealing target for development of more selective and efficient therapies. However, direct testing of the cancer stem cell concept and assessment of its therapeutic implications in human cancers have been complicated by the use of immunocompromised mice. Genetically defined immunocompetent autochthonous mouse models of human cancer provide a valuable tool to address this problem. Furthermore, they allow for a b...

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Fusion genes and chromosome translocations in the common epithelial cancers

The Journal of Pathology — Tue, 17 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

It has been known for 25 years that fusion genes play a central role in leukaemias and sarcomas but they have been neglected in the common carcinomas, largely because of technical limitations of cytogenetics. In the last few years it has emerged that gene fusions, caused by chromosome translocations, inversions, deletions, etc., are important in the common epithelial cancers, such as prostate and lung carcinoma. Most prostate cancers, for example, have an androgen-regulated fusion of one of the ETS transcription factor gene family. Early results of genome-wide searches for gene fusions in breast and other epithelial cancers suggest that most individual tumours will have several fused genes. Fusion genes are exceptionally powerful mutations. In their simplest form they can turn on expressio...

Does massively parallel DNA resequencing signify the end of histopathology as we know it?

The Journal of Pathology — Tue, 17 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

We present an overview of the techniques involved and review early results from the resequencing of cancer genomes. The possible impacts of whole-genome and trancriptome resequencing in clinical cancer research and the practice of pathology are discussed. Copyright © 2009 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (Source: The Journal of Pathology)

The genetics of cardiovascular disease: new insights from emerging approaches

The Journal of Pathology — Tue, 17 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

The prospect that sequencing the human genome would see rapid translation of a greater understanding of cardiovascular genetics into novel diagnostics and therapeutics has so far met with only limited success. However, diverse technological advances and exploitation of novel animal models of cardiovascular development and disease are providing ever more insight into cardiovascular diseases and development, and bring closer the prospect of 'post-genomic' diagnostics and therapies. Here we review some of these emerging approaches (genome wide association studies, deep sequencing, microRNA regulation, and zebrafish as a model of cardiovascular disease and development) and discuss their potential for finally fulfilling the promise of application to clinical cardiovascular medicine. Copyright �...

Cutaneous neuroblastoma-like schwannoma: a report of two cases, one with a plexiform pattern, and a review of the literature

Journal of Cutaneous Pathology — Tue, 17 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

We describe two further cases of this rare entity and review the literature on the subject. Our first case additionally has a plexiform multinodular pattern, a feature described in only one previous report. Suchak R, Luzar B, Bacchi CE, Maguire B, Calonje E. Cutaneous neuroblastoma-like schwannoma: a report of two cases, one with a plexiform pattern, and a review of the literature. (Source: Journal of Cutaneous Pathology)

Skin metastasis: a pathologist's perspective

Journal of Cutaneous Pathology — Tue, 17 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

This study presents a literature review concerning these issues as well as this author's experience encountered throughout 19 years of surgical pathology and dermatopathology practice. Several conclusions are evident. Generally, skin metastases are encountered in 0.7[ndash]9% of all patients with cancer and as such the skin is an uncommon site of metastatic disease when compared to other organs. There is usually a long-time lag between the diagnosis of the primary malignancy and the recognition of the skin metastases. However, these metastases may be the first indication of the clinically silent visceral malignancies. The regional distribution of the skin metastasis, although not always predictable, is related to the location of the primary malignancy and the mechanism of metastatic spread...

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Atypical lymphoid proliferation in capillary hemangioma: a finding related to bacterial infection?

Journal of Cutaneous Pathology — Tue, 17 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

(Source: Journal of Cutaneous Pathology)

FoxP3 expression is increased in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma with perineural invasion

Journal of Cutaneous Pathology — Tue, 17 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

(Source: Journal of Cutaneous Pathology)

Chromogenic in situ hybridization for Her-2/neu-oncogene in breast cancer: comparison of a new dual-colour chromogenic in situ hybridization with immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization

Histopathology — Tue, 17 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: CISH, using dual-colour probes (ZytoVision®) is as good as FISH for Her-2/neu analysis. The few discrepant results are likely to be caused by polysomy or tumour heterogeneity. (Source: Histopathology)

Microglandular adenosis or microglandular adenoma? A molecular genetic analysis of a case associated with atypia and invasive carcinoma

Histopathology — Tue, 17 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Similar to adenomas, MGA is, at least in some cases, a clonal lesion and may be a non-obligate precursor of a subgroup of high-grade triple-negative and basal-like breast carcinomas. (Source: Histopathology)

Fibrillar IgA deposition in dermatitis herpetiformis — an underreported pattern with potential clinical significance

Journal of Cutaneous Pathology — Tue, 17 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Dermatitis herpetiformis has characteristic clinical and histopathologic findings. A fibrillar pattern of IgA deposition on direct immunofluorescence in dermatitis herpetiformis is underreported. Here, we describe three patients with the fibrillar pattern of IgA deposition on direct immunofluorescence examination that initially misled diagnosis in one of the three. Interestingly, two of the three patients lacked anti-transglutaminase and anti-endomysial antibodies but had a clinical course typical of dermatitis herpetiformis. Dermatitis herpetiformis may have a fibrillar rather than granular pattern of IgA deposition on direct immunofluorescent microscopy, and patients with this pattern of immunoglobulin deposition may lack circulating autoantibodies. Ko CJ, Colegio OR, Moss JE, McNiff JM....

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Activation of ERK, AKT and JNK signalling pathways in human schwannomas in situ

Histopathology — Tue, 17 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: These findings provide further direct evidence for activation of the JNK/JUN, PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK signalling pathways in schwannomas and support the development of therapeutic agents directed against these pathways for the treatment of this group of tumours. (Source: Histopathology)

Histological correlation of mammographically detected breast calcifications – A need for rational protocols

Diagnostic Histopathology — Mon, 16 Nov 2009 15:09:14 +0100

Abstract: Stereotactic biopsy is the preferred method for histological diagnosis of mammographic calcification. Radiography to assess the presence of calcification in biopsies before processing confirms whether the mammographic calcification is included in the biopsy. Often, the pathologist encounters the situation when calcification is present in the specimen x-ray but not in the histological sections. This may be because the paraffin block been incompletely sectioned or that the calcium been lost during processing. Further sections (beyond three levels) are examined to try to detect calcification. Many laboratories routinely examine these specimens in greater detail, including X-raying paraffin blocks to maximise the chance of finding calcification. Calcifications (Source: Diagnostic His...

Editorial board

Diagnostic Histopathology — Mon, 16 Nov 2009 15:09:13 +0100

(Source: Diagnostic Histopathology)

Instructions to Authors

Annals of Diagnostic Pathology — Mon, 16 Nov 2009 15:08:38 +0100

(Source: Annals of Diagnostic Pathology)

Annals of Diagnostic Pathology — Mon, 16 Nov 2009 15:08:38 +0100

(Source: Annals of Diagnostic Pathology)

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Masthead

Annals of Diagnostic Pathology — Mon, 16 Nov 2009 15:08:38 +0100

(Source: Annals of Diagnostic Pathology)

Editorial Board

Annals of Diagnostic Pathology — Mon, 16 Nov 2009 15:08:38 +0100

(Source: Annals of Diagnostic Pathology)

More on grid morphometry in hotdogs

Annals of Diagnostic Pathology — Mon, 16 Nov 2009 15:08:38 +0100

We read with interest the study by Prayson et al in which the authors used morphometric methods to assess the meat and fat contents of different hotdog brands and compare their results to the package labels. (Source: Annals of Diagnostic Pathology)

Anaplastic large cell lymphoma: another entity in the differential diagnosis of small round blue cell tumors

Annals of Diagnostic Pathology — Mon, 16 Nov 2009 15:08:38 +0100

Abstract: We saw in consultation a biopsy specimen from a 6-year old girl with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)–positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). The tumor arose in soft tissue of the neck, and diagnostic tissue was obtained by core needle biopsy. Histologically, the neoplasm was cellular without pattern. Immunohistochemical workup with a large panel of antibodies at another institution showed immunoreactivity for NB84 and neuron specific enolase (dim). Antibodies specific for CD3, CD20, and CD45/LCA were negative; CD30 or ALK were not assessed. Electron microscopy showed cytoplasmic structures thought to be neurosecretory granules. The neoplasm was interpreted initially as a neuroblastoma. At the time of our review, we considered the possibility of ALCL. Immunohistochemica...

Thyrolipoma and thyrolipomatosis: 5 case reports and historical review of the literature

Annals of Diagnostic Pathology — Mon, 16 Nov 2009 15:08:36 +0100

Abstract: Because thyrolipoma (adenolipoma of thyroid) and thyrolipomatosis (diffuse lipomatosis of thyroid) are distinctively rare conditions with only few cases reported in the literature, we are reporting 5 additional cases. All the 5 patients were adult females, with ages from 38 to 79 years, who presented with thyroid masses. Four of the patients had normal thyroid function tests and one had mild hypothyroidism. All patients received partial or total thyroidectomy. The thyroid specimens showed either circumscribed yellow-tan masses (cases 1, 2, and 3) or diffuse yellow-brown discoloration (cases 4 and 5). Histologic examination revealed abundant mature fat infiltrating the affected thyroid tissue in 3 distinct patterns: (1) fat infiltration limited to follicular adenomas (thyrolipoma)...

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Carcinoid tumors and small-cell carcinomas of the gallbladder and extrahepatic bile ducts: a comparative study based on 221 cases from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program

Annals of Diagnostic Pathology — Mon, 16 Nov 2009 15:08:36 +0100

Abstract: Primary neuroendocrine tumors of the gallbladder (GB) and extrahepatic biliary ducts (EHBDs) include carcinoid tumors and small-cell carcinomas (SCCs). They are uncommon, and therefore, little is known about their demographics and clinical course. From National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program (1973-2005), we analyzed the demographics and 10-year relative survival rates of carcinoids and SCCs of the GB and EHBD according to histologic type and stage. There were 119 cases of carcinoid tumors and 54 cases of SCCs in the GB. There were 31 carcinoid tumors and 17 SCCs in the EHBD. The female/male ratios of carcinoids in the GB and EHBD were 2.4 and 1.6, respectively. The ratios for SCC in the GB and EHBD were 2.2 and 1.1, respectively. For the GB...

Cyclooxygenase-2 expression, Ki-67 labeling index, and perifocal neovascularization in endometriotic lesions

Annals of Diagnostic Pathology — Mon, 16 Nov 2009 15:08:36 +0100

Abstract: There is a suggested pathogenetic role of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in endometriosis via angiogenesis and proproliferative mechanisms. The aim of the study was to investigate the immunohistochemical COX-2 expression in different anatomical sites of endometriosis and its correlation to proliferative activity and periendometriotic vascularization. Sixty endometrioses from different sites (ovarian, uterine, and peritoneal) were evaluated immunohistochemically for COX-2 expression. Cyclooxygenase-2 staining of 75% or more of the cells was defined as COX-2 overexpression and used as cutoff. Proliferative activity was determined by performing Ki-67–labeling index. Periendometriotic vascularization was evaluated by determining microvessel density surrounding the endometriotic focus usi...

Superficially invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder associated with distant cutaneous metastases

Journal of Cutaneous Pathology — Mon, 16 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Cutaneous metastases from transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder are rare and most often associated with a deeply invasive primary tumor. This case report describes a 69-year-old male with previously resected superficially invasive primary transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder who presented with distant cutaneous and central nervous system metastases associated with recurrent bladder cancer. In addition, this case highlights the differential diagnosis of metastatic carcinomas that display a CK7/CK20 positive immunophenotype including transitional cell carcinoma, pancreatic carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma and rare gastric carcinomas. Swick BL, Gordon JRS. Superficially invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder associated with distant cutaneous metastases. (Source: Journal o...

Expression of cyclin D1 and retinoblastoma protein in Paget's disease of the vulva and breast: an immunohistochemical study of 108 cases

Histopathology — Mon, 16 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The differences in the expression of cyclin D1 and retinoblastoma may indicate the differences in the pathogenesis of PDV and PDB. (Source: Histopathology)

Ketamine cystitis as a mimic of carcinoma in situ

Histopathology — Mon, 16 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Ketamine can lead to reactive urothelial changes that can mimic carcinoma in situ, but the long-term cancer risk remains unknown. (Source: Histopathology)

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Tumor-to-Tumor Metastasis: Renal Cell Carcinoma Metastatic to Papillary Carcinoma of Thyroid—Report of a Case and Review of the Literature

Head and Neck Pathology — Sat, 14 Nov 2009 20:33:15 +0100

We report a case of a 68-year-old man with history of RCC who presented with a 2.5-cm thyroid nodule. Histologic examination demonstrates a renal cell carcinoma metastatic to a papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. The clinicopathologic features of metastatic disease into a thyroid gland neoplasm are shown, and a review of the literature is presented. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportDOI 10.1007/s12105-009-0147-9Authors Olga L. Bohn, MetroHealth Medical Center-Case Western Reserve University Department of Pathology Cleveland OH 44109 USALuis E. De las Casas, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine Department of Pathology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso El Paso TX 79905 USAMarino E. Leon, The Ohio State University Medical Center Division of Cytopathol...

Massively regulated genes: the example of TP53

The Journal of Pathology — Sat, 14 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Intensive study of the TP53 gene over the last three decades has revealed a highly complex network of factors that regulate its performance. The gene has several promoters, alternative splicing occurs and there are alternative translation initiation sites. Up to 10 p53 isoforms have been identified. At the post-translational level, p53 activity depends on its quantity in the cell and on qualitative changes in its structure, intracellular localization, DNA-binding activity and interactions with other proteins. Both accumulation and activation are regulated by an intricate pattern of post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, sumoylation, neddylation, methylation and glycosylation. The Mdm2 protein, a negative regulator of p53, is the most impor...

Pyostomatitis Vegetans: Cellular Immune Profile and Expression of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α

Head and Neck Pathology — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 18:19:51 +0100

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the cellular immune profile and the expression of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α in tissue biopsies of pyostomatitis vegetans (PV). Working hypothesis was that knowledge of the cellular immune profile and role of mediators such as IL-6, IL-8 AND TNF-alpha may contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of this rare entity. Archival tissues from three patients with clinically and histologically confirmed PV were studied. Analysis of the immune profile of the cellular infiltrate and expression of IL-6 and IL-8 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. ISH was performed to evaluate the expression of TNF-α. Biopsy tissues from erythema multiforme, recurrent aphthous stomatitis, lichen planus and normal buccal mucosa were ana...

Cardiac rather than intestinal-type background in endoscopic resection specimens of minute Barrett adenocarcinoma

Human Pathology — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 15:05:06 +0100

I read with interest the article by Takubo et al . This collaborative work between Japanese and German workers reported that more than 70% of their cases showed cardiac/fundic-type mucosa adjacent to the tumors studied and proposed it seems better to define Barrett esophagus as metaplastic columnar-lined esophagus alone, without requiring the presence of goblet cells. (Source: Human Pathology)

In This Issue

Human Pathology — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 15:05:03 +0100

(Source: Human Pathology)

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Human Pathology — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 15:05:03 +0100

(Source: Human Pathology)

Information for Authors

Human Pathology — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 15:05:03 +0100

(Source: Human Pathology)

Editorial Board

Human Pathology — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 15:05:03 +0100

(Source: Human Pathology)

Masthead

Human Pathology — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 15:05:03 +0100

(Source: Human Pathology)

Identification of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Human Lung Parenchyma Capable of Differentiating into Aquaporin 5-Expressing Cells

Medscape Pathology Headlines — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 15:01:25 +0100

Without good therapies for end-stage lung disease, is there a need for alternative treatments like stem cell-based therapeutic approaches? Laboratory Investigation (Source: Medscape Pathology Headlines)

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Alternative Mouse Models for Carcinogenicity Assessment: Industry Use and Issues With Pathology Interpretation.

Toxicologic Pathology — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Long GG, Morton D, Peters T, Short B, Skydsgaard M The Carcinogenicity Alternative Mouse Models (CAMM) Working Group of the Society of Toxicologic Pathology (STP) surveyed the membership to define current practices and opinions in industry regarding the use of alternative mouse models for carcinogenicity testing. The results of the survey indicated that CAMM are used most often to fulfill a regulatory requirement (e.g., to replace the two-year mouse bioassay) and are being accepted by regulatory agencies. Alternative models are also sometimes used for internal decision making or to address a mechanistic question. The CAMM most commonly used are the p53+/- and rasH2. The rasH2 appears to be the currently accepted model for general carcinogenicity testing. Problems with study in...

Genetics and development of neural tube defects

The Journal of Pathology — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Congenital defects of neural tube closure (neural tube defects; NTDs) are among the commonest and most severe disorders of the fetus and newborn. Disturbance of any of the sequential events of embryonic neurulation produce NTDs, with the phenotype (eg anencephaly, spina bifida) varying depending on the region of neural tube that remains open. While mutation of > 200 genes is known to cause NTDs in mice, the pattern of occurrence in humans suggests a multifactorial polygenic or oligogenic aetiology. This emphasizes the importance of gene-gene and gene-environment interactions in the origins of these defects. A number of cell biological functions are essential for neural tube closure, with defects of the cytoskeleton, cell cycle and molecular regulation of cell viability prominent among the ...

Our changing view of the genomic landscape of cancer

The Journal of Pathology — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Sporadic tumours, which account for the majority of all human cancers, arise from the acquisition of somatic, genetic and epigenetic alterations leading to changes in gene sequence, structure, copy number and expression. Within the last decade, the availability of a complete sequence-based map of the human genome, coupled with significant technological advances, has revolutionized the search for somatic alterations in tumour genomes. Recent landmark studies, which resequenced all coding exons within breast, colorectal, brain and pancreatic cancers, have shed new light on the genomic landscape of cancer. Within a given tumour type there are many infrequently mutated genes and a few frequently mutated genes, resulting in incredible genetic heterogeneity. However, when the altered genes are p...

The pathobiology of splicing

The Journal of Pathology — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Ninety-four percent of human genes are discontinuous, such that segments expressed as mRNA are contained within exons and separated by intervening segments, called introns. Following transcription, genes are expressed as precursor mRNAs (pre-mRNAs), which are spliced co-transcriptionally, and the flanking exons are joined together to form a continuous mRNA. One advantage of this architecture is that it allows alternative splicing by differential use of exons to generate multiple mRNAs from individual genes. Regulatory elements located within introns and exons guide the splicing complex, the spliceosome, and auxiliary RNA binding proteins to the correct sites for intron removal and exon joining. Misregulation of splicing and alternative splicing can result from mutations in cis-regulatory e...

Prognostic relevance of DNA copy number changes in colorectal cancer

The Journal of Pathology — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

In a study of 109 colorectal cancers, DNA copy number aberrations were identified by comparative genomic hybridization using a DNA microarray covering the entire genome at an average interval of less than 1 Mbase. Four patterns were revealed by unsupervised clustering analysis, one of them associated with significantly better prognosis than the others. This group contained tumours with short, dispersed, and relatively few regions of copy number gain or loss. The good prognosis of this group was not attributable to the presence of tumours showing microsatellite instability (MSI-H). Supervised methods were employed to determine those genomic regions where copy number alterations correlate significantly with multiple indices of aggressive growth (lymphatic spread, recurrence, and early death)...

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Extrarenal teratoid Wilms' tumor: Two cases in unusual locations, one associated with elevated serum AFP

Pathology International — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Teratoid Wilms' tumor is an unusual morphological entity characterized by a classic triphasic malignancy with predominantly heterologous tissue. The authors describe two cases of teratoid Wilms' tumor with an extrarenal site: one in a 13-year-old girl with vaginal spotting (patient 1) and another in a 1-day-old girl with a sacrococcygeal mass (patient 2). The tumors were located in the vagina and coccyx, respectively. Under the initial clinical diagnosis of sarcoma botryoides in patient 1 and teratoma in patient 2, the masses were removed. Microscopically, both tumors were composed of typical triphasic Wilms' tumor tissue with primitive cartilage and skeletal muscle, and squamous and columnar mucinous epithelia. The patient with sacrococcygeal mass (patient 2) had an elevated serum AFP lev...

Prognostic implications of CpG island hypermethylator phenotype in colorectal cancers

Virchows Archiv — Thu, 12 Nov 2009 18:39:12 +0100

In conclusion, the CIMP+/MSI− subtype tends to present with distinct clinicopathological and molecular features and shows the worst clinical outcome among the four molecular subtypes of CRCs. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00428-009-0857-0Authors Jung Ho Kim, Seoul National University College of Medicine Department of Pathology 28 Yongon-dong, Jongno-gu Seoul 110-744 South KoreaSo Hyun Shin, Seoul National University College of Medicine Laboratory of Epigenetics, Cancer Research Institute and 2nd Stage Brain Korea Seoul South KoreaHyeong Ju Kwon, Seoul National University College of Medicine Department of Pathology 28 Yongon-dong, Jongno-gu Seoul 110-744 South KoreaNam Yun Cho, Seoul National University College of Medicine Laboratory of Epigenetic...

Soft tissue sarcomas with complex genomic profiles

Virchows Archiv — Thu, 12 Nov 2009 18:39:06 +0100

Abstract Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) with complex genomic profiles (50% of all STS) are predominantly composed of spindle cell/pleomorphic sarcomas, including leiomyosarcoma, myxofibrosarcoma, pleomorphic liposarcoma, pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, angiosarcoma, extraskeletal osteosarcoma, and spindle cell/pleomorphic unclassified sarcoma (previously called spindle cell/pleomorphic malignant fibrous histiocytoma). These neoplasms show, characteristically, gains and losses of numerous chromosomes or chromosome regions, as well as amplifications. Many of them share recurrent aberrations (e.g., gain of 5p13-p15) that seem to play a significant role in tumor progression and/or metastatic dissemination. In this paper, we review the cytogen...

Vascular endothelial growth factor C mRNA expression is a prognostic factor in epithelial ovarian cancer as detected by kinetic RT-PCR in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue

Virchows Archiv — Thu, 12 Nov 2009 18:39:05 +0100

Abstract Vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) is a well described chemotactic and growth factor for lymphatic endothelial cells. Its inhibition leads to suppression of lymphatic and distant metastases in mouse models. In ovarian cancer, the relationship between VEGF-C expression and tumor behavior has not yet been determined by a quantitative method in vivo. Therefore, we used a new technique of RNA extraction from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples and determined the expression levels of VEGF-C mRNA in a study group of 97 ovarian cancer patients. Expression levels were correlated with clinicopathological features and patient survival. High VEGF-C expression was associated with worse overall (p = 0.0393) and progression-free (p = 0.0155) patient...

Jared N. Schwartz, M.D., Ph.D., Joins Aperio as Chief Medical Officer

Aperio Technologies | Press Releases — Thu, 12 Nov 2009 15:09:43 +0100

(Source: Aperio Technologies | Press Releases)

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Genetic Polymorphisms Associated With Acute Lung Injury

Medscape Pathology Headlines — Thu, 12 Nov 2009 15:06:57 +0100

The authors discuss methods for identification of candidate acute lung injury genes using a number of model systems Pharmacogenomics (Source: Medscape Pathology Headlines)

Farnesoid X Receptor Critically Determines the Fibrotic Response in Mice but Is Expressed to a Low Extent in Human Hepatic Stellate Cells and Periductal Myofibroblasts.

The American Journal of Pathology — Thu, 12 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Fickert P, Fuchsbichler A, Moustafa T, Wagner M, Zollner G, Halilbasic E, Stöger U, Arrese M, Pizarro M, Solís N, Carrasco G, Caligiuri A, Sombetzki M, Reisinger E, Tsybrovskyy O, Zatloukal K, Denk H, Jaeschke H, Pinzani M, Trauner M The nuclear bile acid receptor, farnesoid X receptor (FXR), may play a pivotal role in liver fibrosis. We tested the impact of genetic FXR ablation in four different mouse models. Hepatic fibrosis was induced in wild-type and FXR knock-out mice (FXR(-/-)) by CCl4 intoxication, 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine feeding, common bile duct ligation, or Schistosoma mansoni (S.m.) -infection. In addition, we determined nuclear receptor expression levels (FXR, pregnane X receptor (PXR), vitamin D receptor, constitutive androstane recept...

Conjunctival Interleukin-13 Expression in Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid and Functional Effects of Interleukin-13 on Conjunctival Fibroblasts in Vitro.

The American Journal of Pathology — Thu, 12 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Saw VP, Offiah I, Dart RJ, Galatowicz G, Dart JK, Daniels JT, Calder VL Interleukin-13 (IL-13) is the dominant effector cytokine of fibrosis in pulmonary and liver disease. Excessive conjunctival fibrosis in the immunobullous disease ocular mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) causes blindness; the pathogenesis of scarring in this disease is incompletely understood. To determine whether IL-13 is involved in conjunctival fibrosis in MMP, we studied the expression of IL-13 in ocular MMP patients before and after systemic immunosuppression and examined the effects of IL-13 on normal human conjunctival fibroblasts. We found high stromal cell expression of IL-13 in active ocular MMP by immunohistochemistry; 80% of these cells were CD3-positive T cells. Following immunosuppression, in c...

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Reduces Vascular Leakage and Choroidal Neovascularization.

The American Journal of Pathology — Thu, 12 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Lara-Castillo N, Zandi S, Nakao S, Ito Y, Noda K, She H, Ahmed M, Frimmel S, Ablonczy Z, Hafezi-Moghadam A Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a hormone with diuretic, natriuretic, and vasodilatory properties. ANP blocks vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production and signaling in vitro; however, its role in vascular leakage and angiogenesis is unknown. In vitro, retinal barrier permeability (transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER)) was measured in cultured retinal endothelial (HuREC) and retinal epithelial (ARPE-19) cells with VEGF (10 ng/ml), ANP (1 pM to 1 mumol/L), and/or isatin, an ANP receptor antagonist. In vivo, blood-retinal barrier (BRB) leakage was studied using the Evans Blue dye technique in rats treated with intravitreal injections of ANP, VEGF, or ...

Mixed hepatoblastoma and teratoma of the liver in a 3-year-old child: a unique combination and clinical challenge

Diagnostic Pathology — Thu, 12 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

In this report, we describe the diagnosis and clinical management of a large liver tumor in a 3-year-old child that displayed the features of both, conventional hepatoblastoma and malignant teratoma. Pathological assessment on a pre-operative bioptical specimen showed an immature teratoid tumor with no area of hepatoblastic differentiation present. Histological and immunhistological examination of the resected tumor specimen additionally showed tumor areas of very different differentiation pattern intermixed with each other, namely areas of hepatoblastoma-typical and neuroblastoma-like morphology as well a areas of rhadomyosarcomatous differentiation.After chemotherapy the tumor size increased and an extended right hemihepatectomy was performed. Post-operatively, the general condition of t...

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The search for lymph nodes; does a second search influence the staging and/or management in mesorectal cancer excisions?

Histopathology — Thu, 12 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

(Source: Histopathology)

Chromosomal abnormalities of clear cell renal cell carcinoma: Frequent gain of chromosome 7

Pathology International — Thu, 12 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Gain of chromosome 7 is well known to be a characteristic abnormality of papillary renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The purpose of the present study was to perform cytogenetic analysis of G-band karyotype in 16 clear cell RCC obtained from nephrectomy. The age of patients ranged from 50 to 79 years and the tumor size in largest dimension ranged from 1.8 to 6.2 cm. As a result, the structural abnormality of chromosome 3 was most frequently observed (eight clones). Loss of chromosome 3 and gain of chromosome 7 followed (four clones). Among four clones showing gain of chromosome 7, two were associated with the abnormality of chromosome 3 and the remaining two were devoid of the abnormalities of chromosome 3. In addition, none of all four tumors showing gain of chromosome 7 demonstrated any foci of...

Epithelial–mesenchymal transition in human lungs with usual interstitial pneumonia: Quantitative immunohistochemistry

Pathology International — Thu, 12 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Fibroblastic foci, a major histological feature of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP), play a critical role in the development of UIP. The mechanisms involved in the formation of these foci, however, including cellular origin, remain unclear. Recent in vitro and animal studies suggested epithelial[ndash]mesenchymal transition (EMT) of alveolar epithelial cells during pulmonary fibrogenesis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of EMT in patients with UIP on quantitative immunohistochemistry using pathological tissue sections. The study subjects were 13 patients with UIP pattern among 52 patients with interstitial pneumonia who underwent lung biopsy. Alveolar epithelial cells overlying fibroblastic foci expressed epithelial markers less frequently and mesenchymal mar...

Macrophages in Langerhans cell histiocytosis are differentiated toward M2 phenotype: Their possible involvement in pathological processes

Pathology International — Thu, 12 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Although numerous macrophages are found in the lesions of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), their activation phenotypes and their roles in the disease process have not been clarified. Paraffin-embedded LCH samples were examined on immunohistochemistry and it was found that CD163 can be used to distinguish infiltrated macrophages from neoplastic Langerhans cells (LC). The number of CD163-positve macrophages was positively correlated with the number of multinucleated giant cells (MGC), indicating that most MGC are derived from infiltrated macrophages. A significant number of CD163-positive macrophages were positive for interleukin (IL)-10 and phospho-signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (pSTAT3), an IL-10-induced signal transduction molecule. This indicates that these macrop...

Minimal deviation mucinous adenocarcinoma ('adenoma malignum') of the uterine corpus

Pathology International — Thu, 12 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Primary mucinous adenocarcinomas of the uterine corpus are typically low grade and frequently associated with endometrial hyperplasia and/or ordinary endometrioid adenocarcinoma, but may appear as a heterogeneous group of neoplasms. A case is described of a 56-year-old postmenopausal woman who presented with mucinous vaginal discharge. Imaging demonstrated thickened myometrium due to adenomyosis. Serum CA19-9 levels were elevated to 486 U/mL. Microscopic examination of hysterectomy specimens indicated highly differentiated mucinous adenocarcinoma diffusely infiltrating the portion of adenomyosis of the corpus. In some areas endometrial glands of adenomyosis were replaced by benign-looking mucinous metaplasia. The uterine cervix showed no abnormalities. HIK1083 and MUC6 immunohistochemistry...

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Intraductal oncocytic papillary carcinoma of the pancreas showing numerous hyaline globules in the lumen

Pathology International — Thu, 12 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Two cases of intraductal oncocytic papillary carcinoma (IOPC) treated surgically were analyzed on light microscopy and immunohistochemistry: that of a 61-year-old man and that of a 55-year-old man. There were no clinical symptoms in either case. Pancreatic abnormalities were discovered incidentally on CT. Various clinical examinations were carried out, and the preoperative diagnosis was intraductal papillary mucinous carcinoma (IPMC) in both cases. Surgery was performed. Macroscopic observation of tissue cross-sections indicated multilocular cystic mass containing polypoid lesions encapsulated by the dilated pancreatic duct. Histologically, the cyst walls were lined by columnar epithelial cells with complex papillary projections associated with oxyphilic cytoplasm, and they were strongly i...

Concurrent xanthogranulomatous orchiepididymitis and seminoma in the same testis

Pathology International — Thu, 12 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Xanthogranulomatous orchiepididymitis (XGO) is a rare inflammatory and destructive disease of the testis that may simulate testicular malignancy. To the authors' knowledge only 19 cases of XGO have been previously reported. Herein is reported the case of a 52-year-old man with XGO who presented with a left testicular mass and pyogenic discharge from the scrotum. Ultrasound examination indicated heterogeneous testicular areas suggestive of neoplasia. Testicular tumor markers were normal. Orchidectomy was performed and histopathology showed XGO and a concurrent, occult typical seminoma. As far as the authors know the coincidence of these two lesions has not been documented previously. XGO may mimic testicular malignancy and may coexist with it. Pathologists should be aware of this concurrenc...

Evaluation of the correlation between tissue reaction and cytokines patterns induced by Alternaria alternate in mice

Comparative Clinical Pathology — Wed, 11 Nov 2009 19:24:56 +0100

Abstract Alternaria alternata is well-known as a source of allergenic components in the cell wall and cytoplasm of conidia and hyphae that cause respiratory allergic disorders. The purpose of this study was to evaluate tissue reaction and Th2 cytokines in mice exposed to A. alternata. A. alternata was cultured, and fungal extract was prepared by freeze–defreeze and sonication methods. BALB/c mice in one group were sensitized by two intraperitoneal injections of A. alternata extract and then intra-nasally challenged with spores suspended in sterile normal saline solution, and in another group, mice only received spores intra-nasally. Blood sampling and necropsy were performed at 1 and 72 h after spore inhalation. Histopathology demonstrated an inflammatory response w...

Immunosuppressive cytokine Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is up-regulated in high-grade CIN but not associated with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) at baseline, outcomes of HR-HPV infections or incident CIN in the LAMS cohort

Virchows Archiv — Wed, 11 Nov 2009 19:21:09 +0100

Abstract Bypassing the local immunological defense reactions in the cervix is one of the prerequisites for human papillomaviruses (HPV) infections to progress to intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). The role of potent immunosuppressive cytokines, e.g., interleukin-10 (IL-10), depressing these local virus-specific immunological responses is incompletely studied. To assess, whether IL-10 expression in cervical HPV lesions has any implications in the outcome of HPV infections or disease progression to CIN. Baseline cervical biopsies from 225 women of the LAMS study sub-cohort were analyzed for IL-10 expression using immunohistochemistry, to assess its associations with CIN grade, and high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) at baseline, as well as in predicting outcomes of HR-HPV infections, and d...

Colonic carcinoma with a pancreatic acinar cell differentiation. A case report

Virchows Archiv — Wed, 11 Nov 2009 19:21:08 +0100

Abstract A case of a colonic carcinoma showing a pancreatic acinar cell differentiation is described for the first time. A 65-year-old woman underwent surgical resection for an ulcerated protruding tumour of 4 × 2.5 cm in size on the anterior wall of the sigmoid colon. Histologically, tumour cells were organized in acinar structures resembling pancreatic acini and in solid nests and ribbons or diffusely infiltrated as poorly cohesive cells. Lymph nodes and femur metastases displayed the same histological features. The ultrastructural analysis of the primary tumour indicated the presence of zymogen-like granules in the cytoplasm of tumour cells. Immunohistochemically, both acinar and diffuse patterns of growth showed an intense staining for trypsin, chymotrypsin a...

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Epstein-Barr Virus Latent Membrane Protein 1 is not Associated with Vessel Density nor with Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1 Alpha Expression in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Tissue

Head and Neck Pathology — Wed, 11 Nov 2009 19:12:13 +0100

Abstract Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and the neo-angiogenic factors induced as a result of hypoxia-inducible factor transcriptional activation may contribute to tumorigenesis by inducing vessel formation that in turn provides oxygen and nutrients promoting tumor expansion. In vitro studies of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), an aggressive malignancy that is nearly always infected by Epstein–Barr virus, show HIF-1α is upregulated by viral latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1). The current study used immunohistochemistry to examine the extent to which HIF-1α and LMP1 are co-expressed in naturally infected NPC tissues. Analytic procedures were optimized for sensitive localization of HIF-1α and LMP1 in fixed tissue sections using immunohistochemistry with sensitive f...

Oxidative Damage: The Biochemical Mechanism of Cellular Injury and Necrosis in Choline Deficiency.

Experimental and Molecular Pathology — Wed, 11 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Repetto MG, Ossani G, Monserrat AJ, Boveris A Oxidative stress and damage are characterized by decreased tissue antioxidant levels, consumption of tissue alpha-tocopherol and increased lipid peroxidation. These processes occur earlier than necrosis in the liver, heart, kidney and brain of weanling rats fed a choline deficient (CD) diet. In tissues, water-soluble antioxidants were analyzed as total reactive antioxidant potential (TRAP), alpha-tocopherol content was estimated from homogenate chemiluminescence (homogenate-CL), and lipid peroxidation was evaluated by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Histopathology showed hepatic steatosis at days 1-7, tubular and glomerular necrosis in kidney at days 6 and 7, and inflammation and necrosis in heart at days 6 and 7. ...

Safety Assessment Considerations and Strategies for Targeted Small Molecule Cancer Therapeutics in Drug Discovery.

Toxicologic Pathology — Wed, 11 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

This article presents concepts and strategies to reduce the attrition of small molecule oncology therapeutic drug candidates due to toxicity. PMID: 19907054 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Toxicologic Pathology)

CAP Cancer Protocols: Improving Patient Care Through Improved Cancer Reporting

NewsPath Podcasts — Tue, 10 Nov 2009 17:00:00 +0100

On October 9, 2009, the College of American Pathologists (CAP) Cancer Committee launched 55 updated Cancer Protocols, with 10 additional new Cancer Protocols slated for release in early 2010. Each Cancer Protocol has been significantly revised and streamlined by a multidisciplinary team of experts to reflect the current best practices in cancer care. Listen to the podcast, which describes the protocols and how you can use them in your practice. (Source: NewsPath Podcasts)

The study of ISO induced heart failure rat model.

Experimental and Molecular Pathology — Tue, 10 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: 85/340 mg/kg ISO induced HF rat model was superior to the other two dose ISO induced HF rat models. Pro-inflammatory cytokines might contribute to HF and myocardial fibrosis through promotion of MMPs expression in cardiac fibroblasts. PMID: 19909738 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Experimental and Molecular Pathology)

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Desmoplastic fibroblastoma (collagenous fibroma) of the tongue

Journal of Cutaneous Pathology — Tue, 10 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

(Source: Journal of Cutaneous Pathology)

Expression of chondromodulin-1 in the temporomandibular joint condylar cartilage and disc

Journal of Oral Pathology and Medicine — Tue, 10 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: ChM-1 may play a role in the regulation of TMJ remodeling by preventing blood vessel invasion of the cartilage, thereby maintaining condylar cartilage and disc integrity. (Source: Journal of Oral Pathology and Medicine)

Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumor

Head and Neck Pathology — Mon, 09 Nov 2009 19:08:45 +0100

Abstract The keratocystic odontogenic tumor is a benign developmental tumor with many distinguishing clinical and histologic features. These characteristics are reviewed in the setting of a typical presentation. The newly acknowledged neoplastic potential and its implications for treatment strategies are also discussed. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Sine qua none Radiology-PathologyDOI 10.1007/s12105-009-0146-xAuthors Elizabeth A. Grasmuck, Naval Medical Center San Diego Department of Anatomic Pathology 34800 Bob Wilson Drive San Diego CA 92134-5000 USABrenda L. Nelson, Naval Medical Center San Diego Department of Anatomic Pathology 34800 Bob Wilson Drive San Diego CA 92134-5000 USA Journal Head and Neck PathologyOnline ISSN 1936-0568Print ISSN 1936-055X (So...

Carboxymethyl-Lysine Levels Linked to Mortality in Older Adults

Medscape Pathology Headlines — Mon, 09 Nov 2009 17:15:36 +0100

Increased plasma carboxymethyl-lysine (CML), an advanced glycation end product (AGE), is associated with higher mortality from all causes and from cardiovascular disease in older adults, new research shows. Reuters Health Information (Source: Medscape Pathology Headlines)

Cutaneous presentation of post-renal transplant lymphoproliferative disorder: a series of four cases

Journal of Cutaneous Pathology — Mon, 09 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

We report detailed histological and molecular characteristics of four post transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) presenting in the skin of renal transplant patients, and their clinical outcome. Three had B-cell lymphomas (cases 1[ndash]3), and one had a T-cell lymphoma (case 4). All B-cell lymphomas showed Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) by immunohistochemistry (IHC) or in situ hybridization (ISH). Cases 1 and 2 were large cell lymphomas, and case 3 a plasmacytoma. Case 1 showed light chain restriction and heavy chain gene rearrangement by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The patient was then diagnosed with an abdominal lymphoma and died of sepsis. Case 2 had no recoverable DNA. Case 3 had a plasmacytoma that showed monoclonal light chain restriction on IHC and an oligoclonal heavy chai...

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Extragenital lichen sclerosus et atrophicus mimicking cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: report of a case

Journal of Cutaneous Pathology — Mon, 09 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

We report a case of extragenital LSA in which both histological patterns were present in the same clinically homogenous and stable lesion. A 27-year-old man presented with a history of white atrophic plaques on the trunk. A biopsy of an abdominal lesion revealed epidermal thinning, a superficial perivascular lymphoid cell infiltrate with focal epidermotropism, mild nuclear atypia and perinuclear halos. Immunophenotyping showed decreased CD5 and CD7, with a slight predominance of CD8-positive T-lymphocytes. All these changes were suggestive of MF. However, a repeat biopsy 3 months later from the same stable plaque revealed features diagnostic of LSA. LSA mimicking early MF histologically has been reported in genital skin. Conversely, MF may clinically and histopathologically resemble LSA. W...

Necrotizing palisaded granulomatous dermatitis as a manifestation of familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis

Journal of Cutaneous Pathology — Mon, 09 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

(Source: Journal of Cutaneous Pathology)

Palisaded neutrophilic granulomatous dermatitis with leukocytoclastic vasculitis in a patient without any underlying systemic disease detected to date

Journal of Cutaneous Pathology — Mon, 09 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

This report presents the case of a 60-year-old female patient with multiple erythematous nodules on the extremities. She had no underlying systemic disease detected to date, although transient, abnormal liver function tests were seen. The histopathological examination of an erythematous nodule revealed the features of PNGD in the acute stage. The patient presented the characteristic features of LCV including palisaded granulomatous pattern, and the interstitial granulomatous pattern was seen together, suggesting that PNGD with LCV can show an interstitial granulomatous pattern. The present case also suggested that PNGD in the acute stage with LCV tends to clinically manifest as erythematous nodules on the extremities and histopathologically shows a remarkable papillary edema and an extensi...

Am J Pathol; +30 new citations

Am J Pathol — Sun, 08 Nov 2009 10:42:02 +0100

30 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results: Am J Pathol These pubmed results were generated on 2009/11/08PubMed, a service of the National Library of Medicine, includes over 15 million citations for biomedical articles back to the 1950's. These citations are from MEDLINE and additional life science journals. PubMed includes links to many sites providing full text articles and other related resources. (Source: Am J Pathol)

Comparison of Beta-catenin with TGF-beta1, HIF-1alpha and Patients' Disease-free Survival in Human Colorectal Cancer.

Pathology Oncology Research — Sun, 08 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Wincewicz A, Koda M, Sulkowski S, Kanczuga-Koda L, Sulkowska M Beta-catenin accumulation is suppressed by TGF-beta1 (transforming growth factor beta1) in intestinal epithelium suggesting negative feedback between these two factors. Besides that, beta-catenin interacts with HIF-1alpha (hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha) at the promoter region of HIF-1 target genes. Our study was aimed at comparison of beta-catenin with HIF-1alpha, TGF-beta1, Ki67 and survival of sporadic colorectal cancer patients. Expressions of beta-catenin, TGF-beta1, HIF-1alpha, Ki67 were evaluated in triads of specimens of each primary tumor of 72 sporadic colorectal cancers with immunohistochemistry due to limited availability of tissue material. Disease-free survival was analyzed in case of all 100 beta-ca...

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Fine-needle aspiration in myxofibrosarcoma: Experience of Institut Curie

Diagnostic Cytopathology — Sat, 07 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Myxofibrosarcoma (MFS) is a well-established nosologic entity different from the myxoid variant of malignant fibrous histiocytoma. In an attempt to better define the representative cytologic criteria of MFS, we undertook a review and a reanalysis of a series of 14 cytology samples in 12 patients whose tumors were diagnosed as MFS.Using FNA technique and reviewing the original diagnoses, 11 cases were diagnosed as malignant and three as benign tumors. The cytologic diagnosis of MFS was accurate in seven cases (2 primary tumors, 4 recurrences, and 1 metastasis). Four cases were classified malignant myxoid sarcoma (1 primary and 3 recurrences), whereas three cases (2 primary and 1 recurrence) were false-negative.The smears were cell-rich in 12 cases and cell-poor in two cases. They were const...

Defensins in the oral cavity: distribution and biological role

Journal of Oral Pathology and Medicine — Sat, 07 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

The oral cavity outreaches as a particular environment in which there is a continuous interplay between bacteria, fungi and viruses, and the epithelial barrier. Among the innate mechanisms that aim to establish a regulated equilibrium between health and disease, natural antimicrobial peptides, especially those part of the defensins' family, have emerged as fundamental mediators. Their biological role is emphasized by the large number of expressed genes, as well as the multiplicity of the individual molecules present on biological tissues and fluids, in physiological and pathological conditions. Furthermore, the direct antimicrobial action, defensins may play a pivotal role in the orchestration of the innate response and contribute to the interplay between the innate and adaptive immunity. ...

RAS Mutation-Positive Follicular Variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Arising in a Struma Ovarii

Endocrine Pathology — Fri, 06 Nov 2009 19:47:38 +0100

We report here a case with RAS mutation detected in a malignant struma ovarii. The patient is a 38-year-old female who had a 2.4 cm ovarian cyst noted incidentally on a first trimester ultrasound. She proceeded to ovarian cystectomy post-delivery, with pathologic examination detecting a papillary thyroid carcinoma, follicular variant, arising in a cystic teratoma. The tumor was tested for BRAF, RAS, and RET/PTC mutations. HRAS codon 61 mutation was identified. This is the first report of RAS mutation detected in the follicular variant of papillary carcinoma arising in a struma ovarii. It provides evidence that tumors developing in this setting involve molecular mechanisms similar to those implicated in tumors developing in the thyroid gland. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10....

Analysis of IMP3 Expression in Normal and Neoplastic Human Pituitary Tissues

Endocrine Pathology — Fri, 06 Nov 2009 19:47:37 +0100

Abstract Insulin-like growth factor II mRNA-binding protein 3 (IMP3) is an oncofetal protein highly expressed in fetal tissue and malignant tumors but rarely found in adult benign tissues. In various tumors, IMP3 expression is correlated with increased tumor aggressiveness and reduced overall survival. To our knowledge, IMP3 expression has not been investigated in pituitary tumors. We analyzed the immunohistochemical expression of IMP3 in five normal pituitary tissues and 75 pituitary tumors (64 adenomas and 11 carcinomas) to determine if specific tumor types expressed IMP3 and if there were differences in IMP3 expression between adenomas and carcinomas. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that IMP3 was positive in four (80%) normal pituitaries with focal stain in a subset...

New serovars of Leptospira interrogans in cavy (Cavia aperea)

Comparative Clinical Pathology — Fri, 06 Nov 2009 19:04:06 +0100

Abstract The purpose of this study is to report the occurrence of new serovars of Leptospira interrogans in cavy in Brazil. Blood without anticoagulant was collected from five Cavia aperea to obtain serum for further testing with serum agglutination using eight serovars of L. interrogans. It was observed that four animals had titers for L. butembo, L. bratislava, and L. hardjo. We believe that cavy can be reservoirs and disseminators of these serovars of L. interrogans. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Brief CommunicationDOI 10.1007/s00580-009-0924-6Authors Lucas Trevisan Gressler, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Department of Microbiology and Parasitology Faixa de Camobi, Km 9, Campus Universitário Santa Maria 97105-900, Prédio 20, Sala 4232 RS BrasilAleksandro S...

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Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 inhibits ameloblastoma growth in a new mouse xenograft disease model

Journal of Oral Pathology and Medicine — Fri, 06 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: We successfully established a new experimental model of ameloblastoma consisting of subcutaneous human xenografts in nude mice. In addition, we demonstrated the successful introduction of the TIMP-2 gene in tumor xenograft cells in vivo, resulting in xenograft growth inhibition. This growth inhibition may have resulted from TIMP-2 overexpression specifically inhibiting MMP-2 protein expression and activity. J Oral Pathol Med (2009) (Source: Journal of Oral Pathology and Medicine)

Cancer nucleus: Morphology and beyond

Diagnostic Cytopathology — Fri, 06 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

There are many significant morphological alterations of a nucleus of cancer cell that are detectable by light microscopy on routine staining. These changes are often associated with deranged cellular functions of cancer cell. It is difficult to understand the exact relationship between nuclear morphology and alteration of nuclear structural organization in cancer. Herein, the salient visual and subvisual morphological changes of cancer nuclei and their possible etiology and significance have been reviewed. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. (Source: Diagnostic Cytopathology)

2009 — November Case of the Month

CAP Case of the Month — Thu, 05 Nov 2009 19:30:00 +0100

A 48-year-old G1P1 woman presented with uterine bleeding and pelvic pain. On pelvic examination uterine nodules were noted. (Source: CAP Case of the Month)

CAP’s Practice Managers Forum Webinar

CAP Important Announcements and News — Thu, 05 Nov 2009 15:00:00 +0100

Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health— and Clinical Health (HITECH) – What Every Pathology Practice Needs to Know (Source: CAP Important Announcements and News)

An Industry Perspective on the Utility of Short-Term Carcinogenicity Testing in Transgenic Mice in Pharmaceutical Development.

Toxicologic Pathology — Thu, 05 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Storer RD, Sistare FD, Reddy MV, Degeorge JJ International guidelines allow for use of a short-term cancer bioassay (twenty-six weeks) in transgenic mice as a substitute for one of the two required long-term rodent bioassays in the preclinical safety evaluation of pharmaceuticals. The two models that have gained the widest acceptance by sponsors and regulatory authorities are the CB6F1-RasH2 mouse hemizygous for a human H-ras transgene and the B6.129N5-Trp53 mouse heterozygous for a p53 null allele. The p53(+/-) model is of particular value for compounds with residual concern that genotoxic activity may contribute to tumorigenesis. The rasH2 model is an appropriate alternative without regard to evidence of genotoxic potential. Since results from a short-term bioassay can be ob...

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Thy1-Positive Cells have Bipotential Ability to Differentiate into Hepatocytes and Biliary Epithelial Cells in Galactosamine-induced Rat Liver Regeneration.

The American Journal of Pathology — Thu, 05 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Kon J, Ichinohe N, Ooe H, Chen Q, Sasaki K, Mitaka T In galactosamine (GalN)-induced rat liver injury, hepatic stem/progenitor cells, small hepatocytes (SHs) and oval cells, transiently appear in the initial period of liver regeneration. To clarify the relationship between SHs and oval cells, CD44(+) and Thy1(+) cells were sorted from GalN-treated livers and used as candidates for SHs and oval cells, respectively. Some Thy1(+) cells isolated 3 days after GalN-treatment (GalN-D3) formed CD44(+) cell colonies, but those from GalN-D2 could form few. GeneChip (Affymetrix, Inc, Santa Clara, CA) analysis of the sorted cells and cultured Thy1(+) cells suggested that hepatocytic differentiation progressed in the order Thy1(+) (GalN-D3), Thy1(+) cell colony (Thy1-C), and CD44(+) (GalN-...

Activation of the Wnt Pathway Plays a Pathogenic Role in Diabetic Retinopathy in Humans and Animal Models.

The American Journal of Pathology — Thu, 05 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Chen Y, Hu Y, Zhou T, Zhou KK, Mott R, Wu M, Boulton M, Lyons TJ, Gao G, Ma JX Although Wnt signaling is known to mediate multiple biological and pathological processes, its association with diabetic retinopathy (DR) has not been established. Here we show that retinal levels and nuclear translocation of beta-catenin, a key effector in the canonical Wnt pathway, were increased in humans with DR and in three DR models. Retinal levels of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related proteins 5 and 6, coreceptors of Wnts, were also elevated in the DR models. The high glucose-induced activation of beta-catenin was attenuated by aminoguanidine, suggesting that oxidative stress is a direct cause for the Wnt pathway activation in diabetes. Indeed, Dickkopf homolog 1, a specific inhibitor o...

Signal Regulatory Protein-{beta}1: A Microglial Modulator of Phagocytosis in Alzheimer's Disease.

The American Journal of Pathology — Thu, 05 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Gaikwad S, Larionov S, Wang Y, Dannenberg H, Matozaki T, Monsonego A, Thal DR, Neumann H The signal regulatory protein-beta1 (SIRPbeta1) is a DAP12-associated transmembrane receptor expressed in a subset of hematopoietic cells. Recently, it was shown that peritoneal macrophages express SIRPbeta1, which positively regulated phagocytosis. Here, we found that SIRPbeta1 was up-regulated and acted as a phagocytic receptor on microglia in amyloid precursor protein J20 (APP/J20) transgenic mice and in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Interferon (IFN)-gamma and IFN-beta stimulated gene transcription of SIRPbeta1 in cultured microglia. Activation of SIRPbeta1 on cultured microglia by cross-linking antibodies induced reorganization of the cytoskeleton protein beta-actin and suppressed...

Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Markers for Prediction of Cervical Lymph Node Metastases.

The American Journal of Pathology — Thu, 05 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

We examined single genetic markers and a composite marker, comprised of three fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) probes targeting the genes LAMP3, PROX1, and PRKAA1, in pretreatment cervical biopsies from 16 lymph node positive cases and 15 lymph node negative controls from women with stage IB and IIA cervical cancer. In addition, we determined clonal patterns by including CCND1 to compare the clonal constitution of primary tumors and associated lymph node metastases. The composite FISH marker allowed for classification of patients into those with and without lymph node metastases with a sensitivity and specificity of 75% and 87%, respectively (P = 0.001). The positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 86% and 76%, respectively. Clonal patterns varied among the tum...

Phenolic Compounds Prevent Alzheimer's Pathology through Different Effects on the Amyloid-{beta} Aggregation Pathway.

The American Journal of Pathology — Thu, 05 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

This study systematically investigated the effects of phenolic compounds on AD model transgenic mice (Tg2576). Mice were fed five phenolic compounds (curcumin, ferulic acid, myricetin, nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), and rosmarinic acid (RA)) for 10 months from the age of 5 months. Immunohistochemically, in both the NDGA- and RA-treated groups, Abeta deposition was significantly decreased in the brain (P < 0.05). In the RA-treated group, the level of Tris-buffered saline (TBS)-soluble Abeta monomers was increased (P < 0.01), whereas that of oligomers, as probed with the A11 antibody (A11-positive oligomers), was decreased (P < 0.001). However, in the NDGA-treated group, the abundance of A11-positive oligomers was increased (P < 0.05) without any change in the levels of TBS-so...

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Establishment of an Improved Mouse Model for Infantile Neuroaxonal Dystrophy That Shows Early Disease Onset and Bears a Point Mutation in Pla2g6.

The American Journal of Pathology — Thu, 05 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Wada H, Yasuda T, Miura I, Watabe K, Sawa C, Kamijuku H, Kojo S, Taniguchi M, Nishino I, Wakana S, Yoshida H, Seino KI Calcium-independent group VIA phospholipase A2 (iPLA2beta), encoded by PLA2G6, has been shown to be involved in various physiological and pathological processes, including immunity, cell death, and cell membrane homeostasis. Mutations in the PLA2G6 gene have been recently identified in patients with infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD). Subsequently, it was reported that similar neurological impairment occurs in gene-targeted mice with a null mutation of iPLA2beta, whose disease onset became apparent approximately 1 to 2 years after birth. Here, we report the establishment of an improved mouse model for INAD that bears a point mutation in the ankyrin repeat ...

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Exotoxin Pyocyanin Causes Cystic Fibrosis Airway Pathogenesis.

The American Journal of Pathology — Thu, 05 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

In this study, we demonstrate that PCN is critical for chronic infection in mouse airways and orchestrates adaptive immune responses that mediate lung damage. Wild-type FVBN mice chronically exposed to PCN developed goblet cell hyperplasia and metaplasia, airway fibrosis, and alveolar airspace destruction. Furthermore, after 12 weeks of exposure to PCN, mouse lungs down-regulated the expression of T helper (Th) type 1 cytokines and polarized toward a Th2 response. Cellular analyses indicated that chronic exposure to PCN profoundly increased the lung population of recruited macrophages, CD4(+) T cells, and neutrophils responsible for the secretion of these cytokines. PCN-mediated goblet cell hyperplasia and metaplasia required Th2 cytokine signaling through the Stat6 pathway. In summary, th...

Trophoblastic Neoplasms Express Fatty Acid Synthase, Which May Be a Therapeutic Target via Its Inhibitor, C93.

The American Journal of Pathology — Thu, 05 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

In this study, we analyzed the expression of FASN in normal and molar placentas, as well as gestational trophoblastic neoplasia, and assessed the effects of a new FASN inhibitor, C93, on cellular proliferation and apoptosis in choriocarcinoma cells. Using a FASN-specific monoclonal antibody, we found that FASN immunoreactivity was detected in the cytotrophoblast and intermediate (extravillous) trophoblast of normal and molar placentas, as well as in placental site nodules. All choriocarcinomas (n = 33), 90% of epithelioid trophoblastic tumors (n = 20), and 60% of placental site trophoblastic tumors (n = 10) exhibited FASN positivity. FASN expression was further confirmed in vitro by Western blot and real-time PCR. Treatment of JEG3 and JAR cells with C93 induced significant apoptosis throu...

Gla-Rich Protein Is a Novel Vitamin K-Dependent Protein Present in Serum That Accumulates at Sites of Pathological Calcifications.

The American Journal of Pathology — Thu, 05 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Viegas CS, Cavaco S, Neves PL, Ferreira A, João A, Williamson MK, Price PA, Cancela ML, Simes DC Mineralization of soft tissues is an abnormal process that occurs in any body tissue and can greatly increase morbidity and mortality. Vitamin K-dependent (VKD) proteins play a crucial role in these processes; matrix Gla protein is considered one of the most relevant physiological inhibitors of soft tissue calcification know to date. Several studies have suggested that other, still unknown, VKD proteins might also be involved in soft tissue calcification pathologies. We have recently identified in sturgeon a new VKD protein, Gla-rich protein (GRP), which contains the highest ratio between number of Gla residues and size of the mature protein so far identified. Although mainly ...

MedWorm: Pathology

From the Literature: Case Reports

Genotyping of CYP21A2 for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Screening using Allele-Specific Primer Extension followed by Bead Array Hybridization

Correlation Between Flagellin A (flaA) Genotypes and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Campylobacter jejuni Strains Isolated from Children with Gastroenteritis in Athens, Greece

Isothermal Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Genotyping and Direct PCR from Whole Blood Using a Novel Whole-Blood Lysis Buffer

Influence of Some Cardiovascular Risk Factors on the Expression of Platelet Glycoprotein IIbIIIa Receptors in Patients with Myocardial Infarction Treated with Antiplatelet Drugs under Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Molecular Classification of Cancers of Unknown Primary Site

Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Dimerization Analysis in Breast Cancer Diagnosis: Potential for Improving Testing Accuracy and Treatment Selection

Early Detection of Breast Cancer: New Biomarker Tests on the Horizon?

Acknowledgment

Single-molecule genomics

Clear cell sarcoma: Cytopathologic finding of a "tigroid" background

Topical tacrolimus and pimecrolimus in the treatment of oral lichen planus: an update

DNA ploidy in oral lichen planus, determined by image cytometry

Expression of tenascin and nucleolar organizer region in ameloblastoma and ameloblastic fibroma

Neuropathology of non-Alzheimer degenerative disorders.

HMGB1, an innate alarmin, in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes.

Pitfalls in diagnostic hematopathology - Part II.

The developmental transcription factor Gata4 is overexpressed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

MPEP Reduces Seizure Severity in Fmr-1 KO mice over Expressing Human Abeta.

Plugs clog the glandular outlets in fundic gland polyps.

Diagnosis of biphenotypic acute leukemia: a paradigmatic approach.

Columnar cell lesions and pseudoangiomatous hyperplasia like stroma: is there an epithelial-stromal interaction?

Utility of desmin and a Masson's trichrome method to detect early acute myocardial infarction in autopsy tissues.

Asymptomatic diffuse "encephalitic" cerebral toxoplasmosis in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: case report and review of the literature.

Persistent non-neoplastic gammadelta-T cells in cerebrospinal fluid of a patient with hepatosplenic (gammadelta) T cell lymphoma: a case report with 6 years of flow cytometry follow-up.

Silicone implant and primary breast ALK1-negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma, fact or fiction?

The contribution of gene expression profiling to breast cancer classification, prognostication and prediction: a retrospective of the last decade

The role of nuclear organization in cancer

General lessons from large-scale studies to identify human cancer predisposition genes

Polymicrobial lung infection in postrenal transplant recipient diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration cytology

Bursal gouty tophus: Fine-needle aspiration cytology intrabursal tophus on FNAC

Cytological features of cystadenocarcinoma in cyst fluid of the parotid gland: Diagnostic pitfalls and literature review

Cervical cytology in patients with postmenopausal bleeding

2+ HER-2/neu IHC results: positively equivocal

Significance of podoplanin expression in keratocystic odontogenic tumor

Aperio Awarded Patent for Client/Server Image Analysis

Adverse effect of heroin hydrochloride on selected male reproductive parameters in mice

CD 9 and vimentin distinguish clear cell from chromophobe renal cell carcinoma

Lymphoepitelioma-like carcinoma of the skin: report of three cases

Borderline CD30+ cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorder: report of a case with expression of cytotoxic markers and response to clarithromycin

De novo intraepidermal epithelioid melanocytic dysplasia: an emerging entity

Comparison between PAS and GMS stains for the diagnosis of onychomycosis

Human neuroblastoma cell line SNU-NB1 loses sensitivity to brain-derived neurotrophic factor during establishment

Peripancreatic lymph node gastrinoma

How overworked are pathologists? An assessment of cases for histopathology and cytopathology services

Network-based drugs and biomarkers

DNIEMD and other acronyms

CD98 expression is decreased in papillary carcinoma of the thyroid and Hashimoto's thyroiditis

Establishment and characterization of a novel human malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor cell line, FMS-1, that overexpresses epidermal growth factor receptor and cyclooxygenase-2

Expression of MMP-10, MMP-21, MMP-26, and MMP-28 in Merkel cell carcinoma

Change in haematological profile of pregnant camels (Camelus dromedarius) at term

Hemostatic profile, platelets, and blood constituents of the Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx)

Evaluation of the expression of TLR-2, Dectin-1 and TNF-α level in invasive aspergillosis in cancer mice

Reply to: Austin <i>et al</i>. CytoJournal 2009;6:12 (Unfounded claims mar scientific critique)

November 16, 2009

Mouse Models for Cancer Stem Cell Research.

Fusion genes and chromosome translocations in the common epithelial cancers

Does massively parallel DNA resequencing signify the end of histopathology as we know it?

The genetics of cardiovascular disease: new insights from emerging approaches

Cutaneous neuroblastoma-like schwannoma: a report of two cases, one with a plexiform pattern, and a review of the literature

Skin metastasis: a pathologist's perspective

Atypical lymphoid proliferation in capillary hemangioma: a finding related to bacterial infection?

FoxP3 expression is increased in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma with perineural invasion

Chromogenic in situ hybridization for Her-2/neu-oncogene in breast cancer: comparison of a new dual-colour chromogenic in situ hybridization with immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization

Microglandular adenosis or microglandular adenoma? A molecular genetic analysis of a case associated with atypia and invasive carcinoma

Fibrillar IgA deposition in dermatitis herpetiformis — an underreported pattern with potential clinical significance

Activation of ERK, AKT and JNK signalling pathways in human schwannomas in situ

Histological correlation of mammographically detected breast calcifications – A need for rational protocols

Editorial board

Instructions to Authors

Table of Contents

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Editorial Board

More on grid morphometry in hotdogs

Anaplastic large cell lymphoma: another entity in the differential diagnosis of small round blue cell tumors

Thyrolipoma and thyrolipomatosis: 5 case reports and historical review of the literature

Carcinoid tumors and small-cell carcinomas of the gallbladder and extrahepatic bile ducts: a comparative study based on 221 cases from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program

Cyclooxygenase-2 expression, Ki-67 labeling index, and perifocal neovascularization in endometriotic lesions

Superficially invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder associated with distant cutaneous metastases