MedWorm: Pathology

Study of Amended Reports to Evaluate and Improve Surgical Pathology Processes: Erratum

Advances in Anatomic Pathology — Thu, 09 Feb 2012 05:19:45 +0100

No abstract available (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology)

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Low-Level Arsenic Exposure Linked To Mouse Hypertension

LexisNexis® Mealey's™ Emerging Toxic Torts Legal News — Thu, 09 Feb 2012 00:16:44 +0100

RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, N.C. - Research published online Jan. 3 in the journal Toxicology Pathology confirms that chronic, low-level exposure to arsenite in drinking water increases blood pressure and promotes heart disease in female mice (tpx.sagepub.com/content/early/2012/01/03/0192623311432297). Full story on lexis.com (Source: LexisNexis® Mealey's™ Emerging Toxic Torts Legal News)

Analysis of Delayed Bleeding after Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Gastric Epithelial Neoplasms

Experimental Diabetes Research — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 19:49:39 +0100

Conclusion. Ulcer presence/absence was considered the most significant predictor of post-ESD bleeding. (Source: Experimental Diabetes Research)

Effect of urocortin on osteoclasts

Society for Endocrinology — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 12:00:00 +0100

Urocortin (UCN) is a member of the corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) family of peptides. CRF is a classic mediator of hypothalamic stress response with UCN playing a more anxiolytic role in this response. However, there is little information on the role of UCN in the physiology or pathology of bone. Combs et al. investigated the effects of UCN on the formation and function of osteoclasts. Their study demonstrated for the first time that UCN produces marked inhibition of osteoclast differentiation and function, indicating that it is a novel regulator of resorption and acts through a direct effect on osteoclasts and their precursor cells. The study also suggests that bone could contain a local UCN system that might modulate local and/or systemic bone resorption in response to as-yet unkn...

Regeneration of uterine cervix at 6 months after large loop excision of the transformation zone for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Cervical regeneration at 6 months after excision is dependent on the percentage of initial cervical volume excised and on the remaining cervical tissue immediately after conisation. The greater the cone and the less cervical tissue remaining, the less the degree of cervical regeneration achieved. (Source: BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology)

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Evaluation of blood-brain barrier transport and CNS drug metabolism in diseased and control brain after intravenous L-DOPA in a unilateral rat model of Parkinson's disease

Cerebrospinal Fluid Research — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Parkinson's disease-like pathology, indicated by a huge reduction of tyrosine hydroxylase as well as by substantially reduced levels and higher elimination rates of DOPAC and HVA, does not result in changes in BBB transport of L-DOPA. Taking the results of this study and that of previous ones, it can be concluded that changes in BBB functionality are not a specific characteristic of Parkinson's disease, and cannot account for the decreased benefit of L-DOPA at later stages of Parkinson's disease. (Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research)

Von Willebrand disease: Clinical and laboratory lessons learned from the large von Willebrand disease studies

American Journal of Hematology — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractDuring the past 25 years, our knowledge concerning the pathogenesis, diagnostic strategies and treatment of von Willebrand disease (VWD) has increased significantly. Following the immunological differentiation of factor VIII (FVIII) and von Willebrand factor (VWF) in the 1970s and the cloning of the FVIII and VWF genes in the mid‐1980s, substantial progress has been made in our understanding of this, the most common inherited bleeding disorder. We now recognize that VWD represents a range of genetic diseases all with the clinical endpoint of increased mucocutaneous bleeding. The molecular pathology of Type 2 and Type 3 VWD is now comprehensively documented and involves rare sequence variants at the VWF locus. In contrast, the genetic causation of Type 1 disease remains incomplete...

Best Practice in Primary Care Pathology: Review 14Best Practice in Primary Care Pathology: Review 14

Medscape Today Headlines — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 04:00:00 +0100

This best practice review examines the appropriateness of tumor marker measurement for three oft-requested markers in primary care: CA-125, HGC, and AFP. Journal of Clinical Pathology (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

Renal diseases associated with hematuria in children and adolescents: a brief tutorial.

Ultrastructural Pathology — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 03:06:09 +0100

Authors: Hicks J, Mierau G, Wartchow E, Eldin K Abstract The detection of microscopic hematuria in a child's urine prompts evaluation for renal and urinary bladder causes. Microscopic hematuria identified during a routine physical examination by the pediatrician is much more common than macroscopic hematuria. Persistent microscopic hematuria is particularly worrisome and may require a percutaneous needle core kidney biopsy to determine whether the etiology is secondary to glomerular disease, tubulointerstitial disease, urinary tract infection, urinary tract structural abnormalities, medications, or toxins. This paper reviews the epidemiology, pathologic features, pathogenesis, treatment, and outcome of familial hematuria (Alport syndrome [hereditary nephritis]), thin basement membr...

Thromboembolic ischemic stroke and the presence of necrotic platelets: a scanning electron microscopy investigation.

Ultrastructural Pathology — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 03:06:09 +0100

Authors: Pretorius E, Engelbrecht MJ, Duim W Abstract Stroke is one of the most debilitating diseases worldwide, with its occurrence increasing in Western societies. Central to the pathogenesis of thromboembolic stroke is the involvement of platelets. During thromboembolic events, nucleated cells undergo cell death, and platelets are also affected by parameters causing these incidents. Particularly, initiation of necrotic cell death at sites of vascular injury may play an important role in inducing inflammatory and repair processes. In the current research, the authors investigate whether a changed platelet ultrastructure is visible in thromboembolic stroke and whether it might be visible in platelets as apoptosis or necrosis. Therefore, in the current investigation, the authors st...

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Mesenchymal-epithelial differentiation of adamantinoma of long bones: an immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study.

Ultrastructural Pathology — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 03:06:09 +0100

This study established the epithelial nature of some tubular structures with slit-like lumina, easily misinterpreted as capillaries by light microscopy. Results also showed that the irregular spaces observed within the basaloid pattern probably result from cell discohesion. Moreover, this investigation demonstrates the epithelial nature of a subset of spindle cells within the stroma of adamantinoma and offers ultrastructural evidence for a probable mesenchymal-epithelial transformation as its histogenesis. PMID: 22292734 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Ultrastructural Pathology)

Prognostic value of bcl-2 and bax tumor cell expression in patients with non muscle-invasive bladder cancer receiving bacillus calmette-guerin immunotherapy.

Ultrastructural Pathology — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 03:06:09 +0100

In conclusion, the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in NMIBC could have a prognostic value in assessing the risk of recurrence after BCG immunotherapy. These findings require further investigations on larger cohort in order to ascertain new molecular markers of the response to BCG immunotherapy. PMID: 22292735 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Ultrastructural Pathology)

Alcoholism and cellular vulnerability in different brain regions.

Ultrastructural Pathology — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 03:06:09 +0100

In this study the authors have elucidated preferential cellular vulnerability in three different brain regions. Autopsy material of the prefrontal cortex, striatum, and substantia nigra obtained from the brain tissue of alcoholic subjects was used in this study. We found that dendritic tree and astroglial damage is irreversible, while neuronal somata and most axons do not display irreversible changes. PMID: 22292736 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Ultrastructural Pathology)

Ultrastructural changes in cerebral capillary pericytes in aged notch3 mutant transgenic mice.

Ultrastructural Pathology — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 03:06:09 +0100

Authors: Gu X, Liu XY, Fagan A, Gonzalez-Toledo ME, Zhao LR Abstract Pericytes, the specialized vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), play an important role in supporting and maintaining the structure of capillaries. Pericytes show biochemical and physiologic features similar to VSMC, usually containing smooth muscle actin fibers and rich endoplasm reticulum. Studies have indicated that degeneration of VSMCs due to Notch3 mutations is the cause of cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL). However, it remains unclear whether the Notch3 mutation also affects cerebral cortex capillary pericytes. In this ultrastructural morphologic study, the authors have observed pathological changes in the cerebral cortex capillary pericytes...

Papillary tumor of the pineal region: ultrastructural study of a case.

Ultrastructural Pathology — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 03:06:09 +0100

This study corroborates that PTPR has concomitant ependymal, neuroendocrine, and secretory features, and details novel ultrastructural as well as immunohistochemical features that further this argument. Discrepancies with prior descriptions of PTPR are described, as these differences may reflect phenotypic variability in this rare tumor, and the ultrastructural features that relate to the putative ependymal origin of the entity are emphasized. PMID: 22292738 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Ultrastructural Pathology)

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Register for the CAP BPFT or the MBP AP3 Program

CAP Important Announcements and News — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 17:12:00 +0100

Register for the CAP BPFT or the MBP AP3 program before March 30, 2012 and enjoy early bird savings of up to $500. (Source: CAP Important Announcements and News)

Newest Archives Applied SAM: Lessons From Laboratory Drug Testing Surveys

CAP Important Announcements and News — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 17:12:00 +0100

Authored by expert Stacy E.F Melanson, MD, PhD, FCAP, this SAM will demonstrate how providing interpretations for immunoassays assists clinicians. (Source: CAP Important Announcements and News)

Effect of PGC-1α on Proliferation, Migration, and Transdifferentiation of Rat Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Induced by High Glucose

Journal of Nanomaterials — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 14:50:03 +0100

We assessed the role of PGC-1α (PPARγ coactivator-1 alpha) in glucose-induced proliferation, migration, and inflammatory gene expression of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). We carried out phagocytosis studies to assess the role of PGC-1α in transdifferentiation of VSMCs by flow cytometry. We found that high glucose stimulated proliferation, migration and inflammatory gene expression of VSMCs, but overexpression of PGC-1α attenuated the effects of glucose. In addition, overexpression of PGC-1α decreased mRNA and protein level of VSMCs-related genes, and induced macrophage-related gene expression, as well as phagocytosis of VSMCs. Therefore, PGC-1α inhibited glucose-induced proliferation, migration and inflammatory gene expression of VSMCs, which are...

Transgenic overexpression of keratinocyte-specific VEGF and Ang1 in combination promotes wound healing under nondiabetic but not diabetic conditions.

International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 13:36:02 +0100

Authors: Loyd CM, Diaconu D, Fu W, Adams GN, Brandt E, Knutsen DA, Wolfram JA, McCormick TS, Ward NL Abstract VEGF and Angiopoietin (Ang)1 are growth factors that independently improve wound healing outcomes. Using a tet-repressible mouse model coupled with streptozotocin-induced diabetes, we examined wound healing in diabetic and nondiabetic mice engineered to overexpress keratinocyte-specific (K5) VEGF, Ang1 or Ang1-VEGF combined. All nondiabetic mice healed more rapidly than their diabetic counterparts; however overexpression of VEGF, Ang1 or the combination failed to improve wound closure under diabetic conditions. Conversely, under nondiabetic conditions, combining Ang1 and VEGF resulted in rapid wound closure. Molecular analyses of diabetic and nondiabetic K5-Ang1-VEGF skin r...

Impact of serosal involvement/extramural growth on the risk of synchronous and metachronous peritoneal spread in gastrointestinal stromal tumors: proposal for a macroscopic classification of GIST.

International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 13:36:02 +0100

CONCLUSION: this study points to extramural growth as a predictor of peritoneal recurrence in GIST, probably as a consequence of tumor rupture or due to microscopic serosal penetration. This study aimed at alerting surgical pathologists to the importance of careful gross and microscopic assessment of resection specimen harboring GIST to allow for reliable prospective evaluation of serosal involvement as an adverse prognostic factor in GIST. PMID: 22295142 [PubMed - in process] (Source: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology)

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c-Ret-mediated hearing losses.

International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 13:36:02 +0100

Authors: Ohgami N, Tamura H, Ohgami K, Iida M, Yajima I, Kumasaka MY, Goto Y, Sone M, Nakashima T, Kato M Abstract About 120 million people worldwide suffer from congenital (early-onset) hearing loss. Thirty percent of them have syndromic hearing loss and the remaining 70% have non-syndromic hearing loss. In addition, a large number of elderly people worldwide suffer from age-related (late-onset) hearing loss. c-Ret and c-RET have been shown to be essential for the development and maintenance of neurons including the enteric nervous system (ENS) in mice and humans. Impairments of endothelin receptor B (EDNRB) and SOX10 have been shown to cause a significantly increased risk of dominant sensorineural deafness in Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) patients. We have recently shown that impai...

Protective effect of xanthohumol on toxin-induced liver inflammation and fibrosis.

International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 13:36:02 +0100

Authors: Dorn C, Heilmann J, Hellerbrand C Abstract Xanthohumol, the major prenylated chalcone found in hops, is known for its anti-inflammatory properties. We have recently shown that xanthohumol inhibits hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in a murine model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of xanthohumol in an acute model of liver injury. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)), an industrial solvent, is a hepatotoxic agent and its administration is widely used as an animal model of toxin-induced liver injury. Xanthohumol was applied orally at a dose of 1 mg/g body weight 2 days prior as well as during and after exposure to CCl(4). 72 h after a single CCl(4) application histomorphology and serum levels of transaminases revealed considerable...

An orthotopic model of platinum-sensitive high grade serous fallopian tube carcinoma.

International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 13:36:02 +0100

Authors: Khabele D, Fadare O, Liu AY, Wilson AJ, Wass E, Osteen K, Crispens MA Abstract Fallopian tube carcinoma (FTCA) is a very rare cancer type, but may be a useful platform for investigating high grade serous tumors of the pelvis that originate from a serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC) precursor. Metastatic tumors from a patient diagnosed with Stage IIIC high grade serous FTCA (P0) were transplanted via intraperitoneal (IP) injection into a small cohort of mice (passage, P1). Patient information was obtained from the medical record. Tumors were grown, harvested and re-implanted or archived through P3. The P3 cohort was treated with saline (n=8) or cisplatin, 5 mg/kg (n=8), weekly for 4 weeks. After sacrifice, tumors from each passage and treatment group were passaged...

Pathologic observations of the duodenum in 615 consecutive duodenal specimens: I. benign lesions.

International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 13:36:02 +0100

Authors: Terada T Abstract The author investigated histopathology of 615 consecutive duodenal specimens in our pathology laboratory. Computer search of the duodenal lesions was performed. Review of histological slides was done, when appropriate. The duodenal specimens were composed of 567 benign lesions and 48 malignant lesions. The 567 benign lesions were composed of chronic non-specific duodenitis in 334 cases (60.0%), duodenal ulcer in 101 cases (17,8%), heterotopic gastric mucosa in 81 cases (14.3%), hyperplastic polyp in 16 cases (2.8%), Brunner's gland hyperplasia in 14 cases (2.5%), Brunner's gland adenoma in 8 cases (1.4%), lymphoid polyp in 5 cases (0.8%), tubular adenoma in 4 cases (0.7%), lymphangioma in 2 cases (0.4%), endocrine nests in 1 case (0.2%), and amyloidosis i...

Pathologic observations of the duodenum in 615 consecutive duodenal specimens in a single Japanese hospital: II. malignant lesions.

International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 13:36:02 +0100

Authors: Terada T Abstract The author investigated histopathology of 615 consecutive duodenal specimens in our pathology laboratory in Japan. A computer review of the duodenal specimens was done. In cases of malignancy, histological slides were reviewed. The duodenal specimens were composed of 567 benign lesions (92%) and 48 malignant lesions (8%). The 48 malignant lesions were composed of 20 cases (42%) of primary adenocarcinoma, 10 cases (21%) of primary adenocarcinoma of ampulla Vater, 4 cases (8%) of primary squamous cell carcinoma, 1 (2%) cases of primary spindle cell carcinoma, 4 (8%) cases of carcinoid tumors, 1 (2%) case of malignant lymphoma, and 8 cases (17%) of secondary carcinoma from the pancreatic carcinoma or bile duct carcinoma. The primary adenocarcinoma (n=20) was...

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Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: immunohistochemical analysis provides fresh insights into lung tissue remodelling with implications for novel prognostic markers.

International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 13:36:02 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: The pathogenesis of IPF is complex and involves multiple factors, possibly including EMT. Histological analysis suggests TGF-β-stimulated myofib rob lasts initiate a contractile response within established fibroblastic foci while proliferating ATII cells attempt to instigate alveolar epithelium repair. Marker expression (N-cadherin and Ki-67) correlation with histological disease activity (as reflected by fibroblastic foci extent) may emerge as future prognostic indicators for IPF. PMID: 22295148 [PubMed - in process] (Source: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology)

Primary central nervous system B cell lymphoma with features intermediate between diffuse large B cell lymphoma and Burkitt lymphoma.

International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 13:36:02 +0100

We report a case of a primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) with findings consistent with DLBCL/BL. It is characterized by a very aggressive clinical course, and a widespread multifocal involvement of the CNS. Our case shows that a DLBCL/BL can manifest in the CNS alone without any systemic involvement. PMID: 22295149 [PubMed - in process] (Source: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology)

Clinicopathologic study of endometrial dedifferentiated endometrioid adenocarcinoma: a case report.

International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 13:36:02 +0100

We report herein a first case of endometrial dedifferentiated endometrioid carcinoma in a 51-year old woman in Chinese population. We performed immunoperoxidase studies for 12 markers. Among them, cytokeratins, keratin 7, keratin 18, EMA, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and vimentin show significantly differential expression between differentiated and undifferentiated area. PMID: 22295150 [PubMed - in process] (Source: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology)

Spindle cell carcinoma progressed from transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder.

International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 13:36:02 +0100

Authors: Terada T Abstract The author reports a very rare case of spindle cell carcinoma (SpCC) of the urinary bladder progressed from ordinary papillary transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). A 63-year-old man complained of hematuria. A transurethral endoscopic examination revealed a papillary tumor, and transuthetral resection of bladder tumor (TUR-BT) was performed and was diagnosed as ordinary papillary urothelial TCC. Since then, he was treated with TUR-BT eight times. Chemotherapy, radiation, radical cystectomy and lymph nodes dissection were performed 16 years after the first TUR-BT. However, he developed rectal mucosal metastasis. He is now alive 17 years after the first presentation. All the TUR-BT specimens were ordinary papillary TCCs without invasion (pTa). Immunohistochemi...

Rare case of a primary non-dural central nervous system low grade B-cell lymphoma and literature review.

International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 13:36:02 +0100

We present a case of a 70-year-old HIV negative man with a five-year history of progressive dysnomia and new onset right extremity numbness, dysarthria, and blurry vision. On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), an infiltrative enhancing tumor was noted. Follow up brain biopsy results revealed a small lymphocytic infiltrate with scattered plasma cells in a predominantly perivascular growth pattern. Flow-cytometric findings revealed a lambda monotypic B-cell population. The morphology and the flow cytometric findings were consistent with involvement by a low grade B-cell lymphoma. Subsequent positron emission tomography (PET) studies along with bone marrow biopsy and serum protein electrophoresis showed no evidence of systemic disease. The above findings are consistent with involvement by a no...

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Malignant intraductal oncocytic papillary neoplasm of the common bile duct.

International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 13:36:02 +0100

Authors: Terada T Abstract Recently, several cases of intraductal oncocytic papillary neoplasm (IOPN) of the liver and hepatic bile ducts have been reported. The author herein reports the first case of IOPN of the common bile duct (CBD). A 78-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of jaundice. Imaging modalities including US, CT, MRI revealed an intraductal tumor of the middle CBD and biliary dilation distal to the tumor. A partial resection of the CBD was performed. Grossly, a papillary tumor measuring 20 × 15 mm was found within the CBD. Mucus is absent. Histologically, the papillary tumor was composed of atypical oncocytes. The atypia was enough to be diagnosed as adenocarcinoma. No invasive features were noted. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive fo...

Acquired hemophilia associated with bullous pemphigoid: a case report.

International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 13:36:02 +0100

We described the case of a 60-year-old female patient who developed bullous pemphigoid for 3 month and presented with bleeding tendency and hematoma in the tongue. Therapy with methylprednisolone, cyclophosphamide, intravenous immunoglobulin and factor VIII reposition was instituted, resulting in a remission of the bleeding and negativity for antibodies against factor VIII titers. We concluded that, despite its rarity, the presence of acquired factor VIII inhibitors should be investigated when patients with autoimmune diseases develop bleeding manifestations. PMID: 22295154 [PubMed - in process] (Source: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology)

Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the colon.

International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 13:36:02 +0100

Authors: Delaney D, Chetty R Abstract An 85-year old female had a polypoid tumour in the sigmoid colon that histologically conformed to a lymphoepithelioma-like (LEL) carcinoma. The tumour was arranged in cords, chains, clusters and microalveoli of pleomorphic, irregular cells set within a dense intratumoral lymphocytic stroma. The tumour was EBV-negative and showed loss of MLH-1 and PMS-2 mismatch repair proteins. The patient did not fulfil the criteria for HNPCC. Only 5 other cases of primary colonic LEL carcinoma have been described previously and only one case appears to have an unequivocal association with EBV. In addition, one of the cases was encountered in a HNPCC patient. This is an unusual morphologic variant of a microsatellite unstable tumour with a LEL pattern, not ass...

The Toxic Role Of Tau Oligomers In Alzheimer's

Health News from Medical News Today — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 08:00:00 +0100

One of the most distinctive signs of the development of Alzheimer's disease is a change in the behavior of a protein that neuroscientists call tau. In normal brains, tau is present in individual units essential to neuron health. In the cells of Alzheimer's brains, by contrast, tau proteins aggregate into twisted structures known as "neurofibrillary tangles." These tangles are considered a hallmark of the disease, but their precise role in Alzheimer's pathology has long been a point of contention among researchers... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Improving the histopathologic diagnosis of pediatric malignancies in a low‐resource setting by combining focused training and telepathology strategies

Pediatric Blood and Cancer — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

ConclusionsBrief, focused training in pediatric cancer histopathology can improve diagnostic accuracy. Dynamic and static telepathology analyses are equally effective for diagnostic review. Pediatr Blood Cancer © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Pediatric Blood and Cancer)

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When Recruiting and Training Generation Y to Work in Medical Laboratories, U.S.A and U.K. Face Same Challenges

Dark Daily — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 11:00:11 +0100

DATELINE—BIRMINGHAM, ENGLAND: Workforce issues in medical laboratories received special attention here at the 10th Annual Frontiers in Laboratory Medicine (FiLM) conference that ended last week. Probably the major concern going forward is how to attract, train, and sustain adequate numbers in the medical laboratory workforce. Two speakers addressed medical laboratory workforce issues at a strategic [...] (Source: Dark Daily)

Efficacy of ImageJ in the Assessment of Apoptosis

Diagnostic Pathology — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

ObjectiveTo verify the efficacy of ImageJ 1.43n in determining the extent of apoptosis which is a complex and multistep process.Study Design: Cisplatin in different concentrations was used to induce apoptosis in cultured Hep2 cells. Cell viability assay and nuclear image analysis of stained Hep2 cells were used to discriminate apoptotic cells and cells suspected of undergoing apoptosis from control cells based on parameters such as nuclear area, circularity, perimeter and nuclear area factor (NAF), in association with visual morphology. Results: Image analysis revealed a progressive and highly significant decrease in nuclear area factor detected in apoptotic cells and in cells suspected of undergoing apoptosis compared to the control cells (P-values (Source: Diagnostic Pathology)

Changes at the nodal and perinodal axonal domains: a basis for multiple sclerosis pathology?

Multiple Sclerosis — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

How axonal damage, a major prognostic factor of multiple sclerosis disability progression, is induced, is likely to be multifactorial. Whereas axonal injury has been identified as a consequence of myelin loss, the possibility of an additional direct damage is also suggested. In this context, recent data have highlighted the nodal and perinodal axonal domains of the myelinated neurons as potential targets of the disease process, opening new perspectives in multiple sclerosis pathophysiology. (Source: Multiple Sclerosis)

Alzheimer disease: Can the exam predict the pathology?

Neurology — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: Neurology)

Puzzling over schizophrenia: Schizophrenia as a pathway disease

Nature Medicine — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Nature Medicine 18, 210 (2012). doi:10.1038/nm.2670 Author: Patrick F Sullivan Effective treatment for schizophrenia is still an unmet clinical need. Alleviating problems associated with cognitive impairment and finding the root of the disease remain priorities for clinicians and scientists. The incomplete understanding of the basis of this pathology has urged for research that will unravel the genetic origin of schizophrenia. But studies involving environmental exposure and social impact have also hinted at extrinsic factors as players in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, which may be exploited to prevent the development of the disease. In 'Bench to Bedside', Patrick Sullivan proposes a model putting forward how genetic variants may confer risk by functioning together within th...

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Parapharyngeal space tumors: Another consideration for otalgia and temporomandibular disorders

Head and Neck — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

ConclusionPatients presenting with disproportionate signs and symptoms of a TMD should be evaluated with advanced imaging to rule out occult pathology. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012 (Source: Head and Neck)

An intraoperative multimodal neurophysiologic approach to successful resection of precentral gyrus epileptogenic lesions

Epilepsia — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

We present an illustrative case of intractable epilepsy where judicious use of intraoperative neurophysiologic–techniques guided resection of precentral CD, under general anesthesia and in the absence of preoperative electrophysiologic mapping data. Ictal onset was accurately delineated using electrocorticography (ECoG). Phase reversal of the median somatosensory‐evoked potentials (MSSEPs) localized the central sulcus (CS). Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) triggered by high‐frequency monopolar anodal electrical cortical stimulation at the primary motor cortex (PMC) threshold delineated the PMC. Using this technique, PMC and the corticospinal tract (CST) were continuously monitored during resection. No changes in MEPs from the preresection baseline were seen; no residual abnormal activi...

Postradiation Cutaneous Angiosarcoma After Breast CancerPostradiation Cutaneous Angiosarcoma After Breast Cancer

Medscape Today Headlines — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 04:00:00 +0100

This study compared MYC expression in these patients with control cases. Modern Pathology (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

Personalized therapy of lung cancer.

Onkologie — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 02:58:36 +0100

Authors: Thomas R, Wolf J Abstract The implementation of personalized approaches in the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) requires a precise understanding of tumor biology, a reorientation of clinical development with a strong focus on genetically stratified early phase 'proof of concept' trials, the availability of high-quality 'realtime' genetic diagnostics, and the establishment of networks for molecular screening of lung cancer patients. To achieve this goal, a close interaction between basic researchers, clinical scientists, molecular pathologists, and pharmaceutical companies is essential. We believe that this approach is worth the effort, since personalized therapy in lung cancer has the potential to substantially improve survival in an increasing...

What Are the Major Diseases Involving Copper Metabolism?

PediatricEducation.org — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 00:08:49 +0100

Discussion Nutritional problems can occur in all parts of the world and in all socioeconomic strata. Caloric and/or protein inadequacy unfortunately plagues too many people because of inadequate supplies or availability. Supplemental food programs around the world attempt to provide appropriate nutrition, but can be stymied because of war, political instability, economic instability and many other social factors. The most common specific nutrient deficiencies are iron and Vitamin D deficiencies. Minerals important for essential nutrition include copper, iodine, selenium and zinc. A typical mixed diet usually provides enough minerals. In the United States, mineral deficiencies are usually uncommon unless there is an underlying disease process or abnormal food restrictions or diet. Vegan an...

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Front & Back Matter

Pathobiology — Sun, 05 Feb 2012 23:00:00 +0100

Pathobiology 2012;79:X (DOI:10.1159/000337011) (Source: Pathobiology)

MRI and arthroscopy correlations of the hip: a case-based approach.

Pain Physician — Sun, 05 Feb 2012 17:36:02 +0100

Authors: McCall DA, Safran MR Abstract Disorders of the hip joint can be physically disabling for the patient and a diagnostic challenge for the physician. Advances in imaging the hip with MRI can help the physician determine a more specific diagnosis for patients with acute or chronic hip pain. MRI and particularly magnetic resonance arthrography have helped raised awareness of nonarthritic hip problems and have made the diagnosis of hip problems much easier. Intra-articular and extra-articular processes can be evaluated with MRI; multiple sequences are available to increase the sensitivity and specificity for detecting specific pathology around the hip. Because the hip is a deep joint within a large soft-tissue envelope, MRI more precisely delineates the sources of hip pain by ev...

Two Studies Find that Patients Want Access to their Health Records, Including Clinical Pathology Test Data

ICMCC: The International Council on Medical and Care Compunetics — Sun, 05 Feb 2012 16:22:28 +0100

Source: Dark Daily Content: “Data from two studies here in the United States affirms that patients want access to their health records. Consequently, health systems are increasingly making it easier for patients to get access to prescription lists, medical laboratory test results and now even doctors’ notes. These findings are important for clinical laboratories and anatomic [...] (Source: ICMCC: The International Council on Medical and Care Compunetics)

Chronic pneumonia in calves after experimental infection with Mycoplasma bovis strain 1067: Characterization of lung pathology, persistence of variable surface protein antigens and local immune response

BioMed Central — Sat, 04 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The results from this study show that infection of calves with M. bovis results in various lung lesions including caseonecrotic pneumonia originating from bronchioli and bronchi. There is long-term persistence of M. bovis as demonstrated by bacteriology and immunohistochemistry for M. bovis antigens, i.e. Vsp antigens and pMB67. The persistence of the pathogen and its ability to evade the specific immune response may in part result from local downregulation of antigen presenting mechanisms and an ineffective humoral immune response with prevalence of IgG1 antibodies that, compared to IgG2 antibodies, are poor opsonins. (Source: BioMed Central)

Dynamics of expression patterns of AQP4, dystroglycan, agrin and matrix metalloproteinases in human glioblastoma

Cell and Tissue Research — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 17:53:17 +0100

Abstract In human glioblastoma, the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is disturbed. According to our concept, the glio-vascular relationships and thus the control of the BBB are essentially dependent on the polarity of astroglial cells. This polarity is characterized by the uneven distribution of the water channel protein aquaporin-4 (AQP4), dystroglycan and other molecules. Recently, we were able to show that the extracellular matrix component agrin is important for the construction and localization of the so-called orthogonal arrays of particles (OAPs), which consist in AQP4. Here, combining freeze-fracture electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry and Western blotting, we describe alterations of expression and distribution of AQP4, dystroglycan, agrin and the matrix metallopr...

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An Evolving Case of Concurrent Eosinophilic Esophagitis and Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis

Digestive Diseases and Sciences — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 17:53:10 +0100

Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Stanford Multidisciplinary SeminarsPages 1-3DOI 10.1007/s10620-012-2061-3Authors Minou Le-Carlson, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USAGeorge Triadafilopoulos, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USAReteesh K. Pai, Department of Pathology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USAJohn A. Kerner, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA Journal Digestive Diseases and SciencesOnline ISSN 1573-2568Print ISSN 0163-2116 (Source: Digestive Diseases and Sciences)

The Molecular Autopsy: Should the Evaluation Continue After the Funeral?

Pediatric Cardiology — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 17:51:30 +0100

Abstract Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is one of the most common causes of death in developed countries, with most SCDs involving the elderly, and structural heart disease evident at autopsy. Each year, however, thousands of sudden deaths involving individuals younger than 35 years of age remain unexplained after a comprehensive medicolegal investigation that includes an autopsy. In fact, several epidemiologic studies have estimated that at least 3% and up to 53% of sudden deaths involving previously healthy children, adolescents, and young adults show no morphologic abnormalities identifiable at autopsy. Cardiac channelopathies associated with structurally normal hearts such as long QT syndrome (LQTS), catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT), and Br...

GNAQ and GNA11 mutations in melanocytomas of the central nervous system

Acta Neuropathologica — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 17:51:26 +0100

Content Type Journal ArticleCategory CorrespondencePages 1-3DOI 10.1007/s00401-012-0948-xAuthors Rajmohan Murali, Department of Pathology, and Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USAThomas Wiesner, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USAMarc K. Rosenblum, Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USABoris C. Bastian, Departments of Dermatology and Pathology and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, USA Journal Acta NeuropathologicaOnline ISSN 1432-0533Print ISSN 0001-6322 (Source: Acta Neuropathologica)

Sudden cardiac death caused by coronary vasculitis

Virchows Archiv — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 17:51:20 +0100

This study shows coronary vasculitis as a rare cause of SCD with a variable macroscopic and microscopic presentation that pathologists need to be aware of. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-10DOI 10.1007/s00428-011-1173-zAuthors Katsuya Norita, Imperial College London, London, UKSofia V. de Noronha, CRY Centre for Cardiac Pathology, Imperial College London, London, UKMary N. Sheppard, CRY Centre for Cardiac Pathology, Imperial College London, London, UK Journal Virchows ArchivOnline ISSN 1432-2307Print ISSN 0945-6317 (Source: Virchows Archiv)

C/EBP-α ameliorates CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in mice through promoting apoptosis of hepatic stellate cells with little apoptotic effect on hepatocytes in vitro and in vivo

Apoptosis — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 17:12:22 +0100

This study investigated whether C/EBP-α exerts different apoptotic effects on hepatocytes and HSCs in vitro and in vivo. An adenovirus vector-expressing C/EBP-α gene was constructed, and a rat hepatic stellate cell lines (HSC-T6) and hepatocytes were transfected. A CCl4-induced liver fibrosis model in mice was also utilized. C/EBP-α induced apoptosis in hepatocytes and HSCs, but a significant difference between these cell types was observed in vitro. The mitochondrial pathway was involved in the apoptotic process and was predominant in HSC-T6 apoptosis. In the CCl4-induced mice liver fibrosis model, the administration of Ad-C/EBP-α decreased extracellular matrix deposition, including collagen and hydroxyproline content, and γ-GT levels, a marker of liver damage, were reduced sign...

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Diagnostic pitfalls: a case of neurosarcoidosis mimicking tuberculous meningitis

Journal of Neurology — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 17:12:04 +0100

Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Letter to the EditorsPages 1-4DOI 10.1007/s00415-012-6429-2Authors Franziska Scheibe, Department of Neurology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, GermanyHolger Flick, UKIM-LKH Universitätsklinikum/Medizinische Universität Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 20, 8036 Graz, AustriaOliver Wengert, Department of Neurology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, GermanyDaniel Wittschieber, Department of Pathology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, GermanyGeorg Bohner, Department of Radiology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, GermanyPeter Ruokonen, Department of Ophthalmology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenb...

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor arising in an ileal duplication: report of a case

Surgery Today — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 17:11:08 +0100

This report presents the extremely rare case of an adult patient who presented with peritonitis caused by the perforation of an ileal duplication, associated with a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) arising within the duplication. A 70-year-old female was admitted to the hospital with lower abdominal pain. Abdominal computed tomography showed free air in the peritoneal cavity. An emergency laparotomy was performed, presuming diffuse peritonitis caused by a perforation of the gastrointestinal tract. The surgical findings showed that the peritonitis was caused by the perforation of an ileal duplication, 90 cm proximal to the ileocecal valve, with an extrinsic tumor protruding from the duplication. A segmental resection of the ileum—including the tumor and ileal duplication�...

Spontaneous pneumothorax in a patient with dendriform pulmonary ossification: report of a case

Surgery Today — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 17:11:08 +0100

We report herein the rare case of a patient with dendriform pulmonary ossification (DPO) who developed spontaneous pneumothorax. A 33-year-old male with a history of bronchial asthma presented with pneumothorax of the left lung. An intraoperative inspection revealed no findings of bullae in the entire left lung, but inflammatory pleural changes were identified on the interlobular surface of the left lower lobe. In addition, hard, twig-like configurations were clearly palpable in the subpleural parenchyma and were resected. A histological examination showed acicular bone formations containing myeloid tissue and marrow fat in the lung. DPO was thus diagnosed, and the bony spines were considered to have caused a rupture of the elastic fiber layer of the visceral pleura. DPO may thus hav...

Intestinal obstruction caused by colonic metastasis from intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma 6 years after removal of the primary tumor: report of a case

Surgery Today — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 17:11:08 +0100

We report a case of intestinal obstruction caused by metastasis that manifested 6 years after surgery for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). The patient, a 57-year-old man, had undergone resection of the hepatic left lobe, Spiegel lobe, and extrahepatic bile duct, following which histopathological examination had confirmed the diagnosis of ICC and that the resection margins were free from disease. There had been no signs of recurrence until an increase in the CA19-9 level was detected 6 years later. Colonoscopy revealed an ulcer-like lesion and stenosis at the level of the hepatic flexure. The patient was subsequently admitted to our hospital with abdominal pain and underwent right hemicolectomy with partial resection of hepatic segment V. Based on the immunohistologica...

Treatment Options for Tauopathies

Current Treatment Options in Neurology — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 17:11:02 +0100

Opinion statement To date, there are no approved and established pharmacologic treatment options for tauopathies, a very heterogenous group of neuropsychiatric diseases often leading to dementia and clinically diagnosed as atypical Parkinson syndromes. Among these so-called Parkinson plus syndromes are progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), also referred to as Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome; frontotemporal dementia (FTD); and corticobasal degeneration (CBD). Available treatment strategies are based mainly on small clinical trials, miscellaneous case reports, or small case-controlled studies. The results of these studies and conclusions about the efficacy of the medication used are often contradictory. Approved therapeutic agents for Alzheimer´s dementia, such as acet...

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Three‐dimensional tumour volume and cancer‐specific survival for patients undergoing nephrectomy to treat pT1 clear‐cell renal cell carcinoma

BJU International — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 12:43:52 +0100

CONCLUSIONS• Tumour volume could provide valuable prognostic information for patients with pT1a ccRCC but not pT1b ccRCC.• Future investigations are needed to confirm this finding, explore other RCC subtypes and evaluate accuracy of tumour volume determination on radiographic imaging for potential patient management before surgery. (Source: BJU International)

Caris Diagnostics Announces Name Change to Miraca Life Sciences

HSMN NewsFeed — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 12:39:31 +0100

Company to Provide Same High-Quality Anatomic Pathology Services Under New Name TOKYO and IRVING, Texas, Feb. 3, 2012 --(HSMN NewsFeed) -- Caris Diagnostics, specializing in academic-caliber anatomic pathology services, today announced a company name ch... DiagnosticsMiraca Life Sciences, Caris Diagnostics (Source: HSMN NewsFeed)

Two Studies Find that Patients Want Access to their Health Records, Including Clinical Pathology Test Data

Dark Daily — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 11:00:27 +0100

Patients are ready to ready access to their medical records; but physicians are wary Data from two studies here in the United States affirms that patients want access to their health records. Consequently, health systems are increasingly making it easier for patients to get access to prescription lists, medical laboratory test results and now even [...] (Source: Dark Daily)

Fibromuscular dysplasia: a differential diagnosis of vasculitis

Revista Brasileira de Reumatologia — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 10:19:07 +0100

A displasia fibromuscular (DFM) envolve artérias de pequeno e médio calibre e é uma causa bem conhecida de hipertensão em mulheres jovens caucasianas, quando envolve as artérias renais. A etiologia da DFM permanece desconhecida, a despeito de inúmeras teorias. Há suspeita de um componente genético, já que a doença atinge primariamente caucasianos. Também é descrita associação entre DFM e antígeno de histocompatibilidade HlA-DRw6. Os principais sítios acometidos são as artérias renais, cerebrais, carótidas, viscerais, ilíacas, subclávias, braquiais e poplíteas. As manifestações clínicas correlacionam-se com o sítio acometido, e a hipertensão arterial sistêmica é um sintoma frequente pelo acometimento das artérias renais em 60%-75% dos casos. O diagnóstico da D...

Hemangiomas of the external auditory canal: a literature review and two new case reports

Central European Journal of Medicine — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 07:21:52 +0100

Conclusion: Cavernous hemangiomas are rare lesions of the external auditory canal. In the morphological diagnosis, computed tomography of the temporal bones is the leading diagnostic procedure, along with otoendoscopy and endocranial magnetic resonance imaging which are important in evaluation of the spread of the lesion. Biopsy of vascular lesions is not recommended. Complete surgical excision of hemangioma of the external auditory canal is the therapy of choice with a minor risk of hearing impairment. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportPages 1-5DOI 10.2478/s11536-011-0144-8Authors Ljiljana Vlaški, Clinical center of Vojvodina, University ENT Clinic, Hajduk Veljkova 1, Novi Sad, 21000 SerbiaDragan Dankuc, Clinical center of Vojvodina, University ENT Clinic, Hajduk...

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Aggressive Management of Peritoneal Carcinomatosis from Mucinous Appendiceal Neoplasms

Annals of Surgical Oncology — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 07:21:20 +0100

Conclusions Aggressive management of PC from mucinous appendiceal neoplasms, by experienced surgeons, to achieve complete cytoreduction provides long-term survival with low major morbidity. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Regional Cancer TherapiesPages 1-8DOI 10.1245/s10434-012-2241-6Authors Frances Austin, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USAArun Mavanur, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USAMagesh Sathaiah, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USAJennifer Steel, Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USADiana Lenzner, Biostatistics Facility, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USALekshmi Ramali...

Cytoreductive Surgery with Selective Versus Complete Parietal Peritonectomy Followed by Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy in Patients with Diffuse Malignant Peritoneal Mesothelioma: A Controlled Study

Annals of Surgical Oncology — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 07:21:17 +0100

Conclusions CPP improved survival in patients with DMPM undergoing combined treatment. This information may contribute to standardize surgical options for DMPM and other peritoneal malignancies. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Regional Cancer TherapiesPages 1-9DOI 10.1245/s10434-012-2237-2Authors Dario Baratti, Department of Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, ItalyShigeki Kusamura, Department of Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, ItalyAntonello Domenico Cabras, Department of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, ItalyMarcello Deraco, Department of Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy Journal Annals of Surgical OncologyOnline ISSN 1534-4681Print ISSN 1068...

Clonal antigen receptor gene PCR products outside the expected size range

Journal of Hematopathology — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 07:19:24 +0100

Abstract Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the antigen receptor genes has clinical utility in establishing clonality in lymphoproliferations, which is an important correlate of lymphoid neoplasia. The most frequently used procedures for this purpose were developed by the BIOMED-2 consortium. One of the criteria for establishing monoclonality using PCR of the antigen receptor genes is the finding of an abundant amplicon within a size range determined by the positions of the PCR primers and the known variability in size inherent in the recombination events that assemble a functional antigen receptor gene. However, several cases have been reported in which an amplicon outside this size range has been shown to be a valid indicator of clonality after DNA sequence analysis. In ...

Caris Diagnostics Announces Name Change to Miraca Life Sciences

Medical News (via PRIMEZONE) — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 07:00:00 +0100

TOKYO and IRVING, Texas, Feb. 3, 2012 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Caris Diagnostics, specializing in academic-caliber anatomic pathology services, today announced a company name change to Miraca Life Sciences following its November 2011 acquisition by Tokyo-based Miraca Holdings Inc., Japan's largest clinical diagnostics and laboratory testing service provider. The name change, which is effective February 20, 2012, follows a successful integration process and will be reflected in all marketing and communications. (Source: Medical News (via PRIMEZONE))

Endothelial glycocalyx dysfunction in disease: albuminuria and increased microvascular permeability

The Journal of Pathology — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:33:05 +0100

AbstractAppreciation of the glomerular microcirculation as a specialized microcirculatory bed, rather than as an entirely separate entity, affords important insights into both glomerular and systemic microvascular pathophysiology. In this review we compare regulation of permeability in systemic and glomerular microcirculations, focusing particularly on the role of the endothelial glycocalyx, and consider the implications for disease processes. The luminal surface of vascular endothelium throughout the body is covered with endothelial glycocalyx, comprising surface‐anchored proteoglycans, supplemented with adsorbed soluble proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans and plasma constituents. In both continuous and fenestrated microvessels, this endothelial glycocalyx provides resistance to the trans...

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An osteosarcoma zebrafish model implicates Mmp‐19 and Ets‐1 as well as reduced host immune response in angiogenesis and migration

The Journal of Pathology — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:32:13 +0100

AbstractAbout 40% of osteosarcoma patients die of metastases. Novel strategies to improve treatment of metastatic patients require a better understanding of the processes involved, like angiogenesis, migration and the immune response. However the rarity of osteosarcoma and its heterogeneity make this neoplasm difficult to study. Recently we reported malignant transformation of mouse mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) which formed osteosarcoma upon transplantation into mice. Here we studied these cells in zebrafish embryos and found that transformed MSCs induced angiogenesis and migrated through the bodies of the embryos, but this was never observed with non‐transformed normal MSCs (progenitors of the transformed MSCs). Whole genomic expression analysis of both the cells and the host showed th...

Evidence for a genetic role in varicose veins and chronic venous insufficiency.

Phlebology — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Krysa J, Jones GT, van Rij AM Abstract There is a strong body of circumstantial evidence which implicates genetics in the aetiology and pathology of varicose veins and venous ulcer disease. The aim of this review is to consider the current knowledge of the genetic associations and the ways in which new genetic technologies may be applied to advancing our understanding of the cause and progression of these venous diseases. A number of publications have used a candidate gene approach to identify genes implicated in venous disease. Although these studies have opened up important new insights, there has been a general failure to replicate results in an independent cohort of patients. With our limited knowledge of the biological pathways involved in the pathogenesis of venous d...

Neurodevelopmental delay in small babies at term. A systematic review.

The Ultrasound Review of Obstetrics and Gynecology — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Arcangeli T, Thilaganathan B, Hooper R, Khan KS, Bhide A Abstract Background: Being small for gestational age (SGA) or having fetal growth restriction (FGR) may be associated with poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes compared to being appropriate for gestational age (AGA). The aim of this paper was to evaluate the existence and magnitude of decrease in neurodevelopmental scores in SGA and FGR infants born at term from a systematic review of the existing literature. Methods: Studies of neurodevelopment in SGA/FGR babies were identified from a search of the internet scientific databases. Studies which included preterm births and those that did not define absolute indices of standardised cognitive outcome were excluded. SGA was defined as birthweight below the 10(th) centile fo...

Neurodevelopmental delay in small babies at term. A systematic review

Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractBackground: Being small for gestational age (SGA) or having fetal growth restriction (FGR) may be associated with poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes compared to being appropriate for gestational age (AGA). The aim of this paper was to evaluate the existence and magnitude of decrease in neurodevelopmental scores in SGA and FGR infants born at term from a systematic review of the existing literature.Methods: Studies of neurodevelopment in SGA/FGR babies were identified from a search of the internet scientific databases. Studies which included preterm births and those that did not define absolute indices of standardised cognitive outcome were excluded. SGA was defined as birthweight below the 10th centile for gestation and FGR as the same birthweight standard with abnormal umbilical a...

Reproducibility of endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia diagnosis is good, but influenced by the diagnostic style of pathologists

Modern Pathology AOP — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Alp Usubutun, George L Mutter, Arzu Saglam, Anil Dolgun, Eylem Akar Ozkan, Tan Ince, Aytekin Akyol, H Dilek Bulbul, Zerrin Calay, Funda Eren, Derya Gumurdulu, A Nihan Haberal, Sennur Ilvan, Seyda Karaveli, Meral Koyuncuoglu, Bahar Muezzinoglu, Kamil H Muftuoglu, Necmettin Ozdemir, Ozlem Ozen, Sema Baykara, Elif Pestereli, Emine Cagnur Ulukus & Osman Zekioglu (Source: Modern Pathology AOP)

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Semi-quantitative immunohistochemical assay versus oncotype DX® qRT-PCR assay for estrogen and progesterone receptors: an independent quality assurance study

Modern Pathology AOP — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Semi-quantitative immunohistochemical assay versus oncotype DX® qRT-PCR assay for estrogen and progesterone receptors: an independent quality assurance study Modern Pathology advance online publication, February 3, 2012. doi:10.1038/modpathol.2011.219 Authors: James A Kraus, David J Dabbs, Sushil Beriwal & Rohit Bhargava (Source: Modern Pathology AOP)

Loss of keratin 13 in oral carcinoma in situ: a comparative study of protein and gene expression levels using paraffin sections

Modern Pathology AOP — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Hiroko Ida-Yonemochi, Satoshi Maruyama, Takanori Kobayashi, Manabu Yamazaki, Jun Cheng & Takashi Saku (Source: Modern Pathology AOP)

Loss of ARID1A/BAF250a-expression in endometriosis: a biomarker for risk of carcinogenic transformation?

Modern Pathology AOP — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Loss of ARID1A/BAF250a-expression in endometriosis: a biomarker for risk of carcinogenic transformation? Modern Pathology advance online publication, February 3, 2012. doi:10.1038/modpathol.2011.217 Authors: Eleftherios P Samartzis, Nicolas Samartzis, Aurelia Noske, André Fedier, Rosmarie Caduff, Konstantin J Dedes, Daniel Fink & Patrick Imesch (Source: Modern Pathology AOP)

Genomic analysis of marginal zone and lymphoplasmacytic lymphomas identified common and disease-specific abnormalities

Modern Pathology AOP — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Esteban Braggio, Ahmet Dogan, Jonathan J Keats, Wee J Chng, Gaofeng Huang, Julie M Matthews, Matthew J Maurer, Mark E Law, David S Bosler, Michael Barrett, Izidore S Lossos, Thomas E Witzig & Rafael Fonseca (Source: Modern Pathology AOP)

Cholangiocyte cilia are abnormal in syndromic and non-syndromic biliary atresia

Modern Pathology AOP — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Andrew S Chu, Pierre A Russo & Rebecca G Wells (Source: Modern Pathology AOP)

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Clinical assessment of PTEN loss in endometrial carcinoma: immunohistochemistry outperforms gene sequencing

Modern Pathology AOP — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Bojana Djordjevic, Bryan T Hennessy, Jie Li, Bedia A Barkoh, Rajyalakshmi Luthra, Gordon B Mills & Russell R Broaddus (Source: Modern Pathology AOP)

Multiparity leads to obesity and inflammation in mothers and obesity in male offspring

AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Multiparity is an independent risk factor for obesity in parous females. In addition to being a health issue for the mother, offspring of multiparous females may also be at risk for obesity later in life. The aim of the current study was to establish a mouse model that mimics the human pathology of multiparity and determine the effects of multiparity-induced obesity (MIO) on offspring in adulthood. C57BL/6 mice were mated and studied when primiparous (1st pregnancy) or multiparous (4th pregnancy). Dams became obese with multiparity, an effect that was independent of the age of the dam. Multiparous dams also had increased markers of inflammation (JNK activation, cytokine expression) in adipose tissue and liver that was greater than inflammation in nulliparous females made obese with a high-...

Altered frequency and phenotype of CD4+FOXP3+ T cells and its association with autoantibody production in HIV‐infected paediatric patients

Clinical and Experimental Immunology — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

SummaryThe association between immune dysfunction and the development of autoimmune pathology in patients with HIV/AIDS is not clear. The frequency and phenotype of regulatory T cells, as well as the presence of autoantibodies were evaluated in a paediatric cohort of HIV‐infected patients without clinical evidence of autoimmune disease. Lower absolute counts but higher percentages of total CD4+FOXP3+ T cells were recorded in children with severe immunosuppression than in those without evidence of immunosuppression. The frequencies of classical CD4+CD25+FOXP3+regulatory T cells were not altered, whereas CD4+FOXP3+CD25–T cells were found significantly increased in patients with severe immunosuppression. Like classical regulatory T cells, CD4+FOXP3+CD25–T cells display higher CTLA‐4 b...

What is your diagnosis? CBC data and blood smear from a cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis)

Veterinary Clinical Pathology — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: Veterinary Clinical Pathology)

Regulation of Cell Physiology and Pathology by Protein S-Glutathionylation: Lessons Learned from the Cardiovascular System

Antioxidants and Redox Signaling — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 20:21:24 +0100

Antioxidants & Redox Signaling Mar 2012, Vol. 16, No. 6: 524-542. (Source: Antioxidants and Redox Signaling)

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STATLINE Issue February 2, 2012

STATLINE Federal and State News Briefs — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 19:45:00 +0100

In This Issue: Registration Is Now Open for 2012 CAP Policy Meeting - PTO Seeks Public Input on Genetic Diagnostic Testing - Congress Returns to Work on SGR, Other Key Issues - PCORI Releases Draft Priorities For Comparative Effectiveness Research - AMA Lobbies to Delay ICD-10 Implementation (Source: STATLINE Federal and State News Briefs)

Correlation of LAPTM4B polymorphisms with gallbladder carcinoma susceptibility in Chinese patients

Medical Oncology — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 18:16:09 +0100

This study aimed to investigate the relationship of LAPTM4B allelic variation and GBC susceptibility. LAPTM4B genotype was analyzed in 155 healthy individuals and 91 GBC patients by PCR, and the genotypic distribution of LAPTM4B was analyzed with the chi-squared test. The frequency of allele *2 was 37.9 and 24.8% in the GBC and the control groups, respectively, representing a significant difference between these two groups (P < 0.001). LAPTM4B allele *2 may be a risk factor associated with genetic susceptibility to GBC. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperPages 1-5DOI 10.1007/s12032-012-0173-4Authors Hua Yang, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191 ChinaGuojun Zhai, Department of Interventional R...

Endotracheal metastasis from basaloid squamous carcinoma of the esophagus

Esophagus — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 18:15:46 +0100

We describe a rare case of metachronous endotracheal metastasis originating from esophageal basaloid squamous carcinoma. A 72-year-old Japanese man underwent esophagectomy for stage I esophageal cancer. Pathological diagnosis of the resected specimen was basaloid squamous carcinoma. One year later, a follow-up computed tomography scan displayed a tumor shadow in the tracheal wall. Bronchoscopy revealed a protruding tumor in the tracheal wall, and the pathologic diagnosis of the biopsy specimen was also basaloid squamous carcinoma. According to the diagnosis of metachronous endobronchial metastasis from esophageal basaloid squamous carcinoma, we treated the patient with chemotherapy comprising docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil followed by chemoradiotherapy, and complete respons...

Fatal thromboembolism following physical restraint in a patient with schizophrenia

International Journal of Legal Medicine — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 18:15:45 +0100

Abstract Fatal thromboembolism during physical restraint in patients suffering from psychotic disorders is a very rare occurrence. In the case we present here, the criteria used in forensic pathology for the age determination of venous thrombi are applied to a case of pulmonary embolism in a patient suffering from schizophrenia who died after physical restraint. The possible association between conventional antipsychotic drugs and deep venous thrombosis, followed by pulmonary embolism, in a man with no predisposing risk factors, as well as the question concerning the appropriateness of medical care, are discussed. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportPages 1-6DOI 10.1007/s00414-012-0670-1Authors Rossana Cecchi, Department of Anatomical, Histological, Legal ...

Utility of preoperative examination and magnetic resonance imaging for diagnosis of anterior vaginal wall masses

International Urogynecology Journal — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 18:15:41 +0100

Conclusions Preoperative diagnosis using exam, MRI, and cystourethroscopy have a high diagnostic accuracy for anterior vaginal wall masses. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s00192-012-1666-6Authors Tirsit S. Asfaw, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Urogynecology, New York Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, 525 East 68th Street, J-130, New York, NY 10065, USAJoy A. Greer, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Urogynecology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-3339, USAParvati Ramchandani, Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine at t...

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TDP-43 pathology in a case of hereditary spastic paraplegia with a NIPA1/SPG6 mutation

Acta Neuropathologica — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 18:15:30 +0100

We present the first neuropathological description of a patient with a NIPA1 mutation, and clinical phenotype of complicated HSP with motor neuron disease-like syndrome and cognitive decline. Postmortem examination revealed degeneration of lateral corticospinal tracts and dorsal columns with motor neuron loss. TDP-43 immunostaining showed widespread spinal cord and cerebral skein-like and round neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions. We ruled out NIPA1 mutations in 419 additional cases of motor neuron disease. These findings suggest that hereditary spastic paraplegia due to NIPA1 mutations could represent a TDP-43 proteinopathy. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportsPages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s00401-012-0947-yAuthors Maria Martinez-Lage, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medi...

The dopamine agonist piribedil exerts hepatoprotective effects on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic damage

Comparative Clinical Pathology — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 18:14:50 +0100

This study aimed to investigate the effect of piribedil, a drug used for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease and which has direct dopaminergic stimulating action, on the acute hepatic injury in mice. Hepatotoxicity was induced by CCl4 orally (0.28 ml/kg). Piribedil at three dose levels (4.5, 9, or 18 mg/kg) or silymarin (25 mg/kg) was given orally daily for 7 days, starting at time of administration of CCl4. Liver damage was assessed by determining liver serum enzyme activities and by hepatic histopathology. Piribedil administration lessened the increases in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and also prevented the development of hepatic necrosis caused by CCl4. The effect of piribedil was dose-d...

Antifibrotic potential of a selective COX-2 inhibitor (celecoxib) on liver fibrosis in rats

Comparative Clinical Pathology — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 18:14:50 +0100

Abstract Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play a critical role in the fibrogenesis of the liver, so they are the target cells of antifibrotic therapy. Activated HSCs, but not quiescent HSCs, express cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). The present study was designed to investigate the possible prophylactic and therapeutic effects of a selective COX-2 inhibitor (celecoxib) on liver fibrosis induced by thioacetamide (TAA) in rats. Forty-two male albino rats were divided into five groups: group I, negative control; group II, model of fibrosis; group III, preventive model before induction of fibrosis where celecoxib was given for 4 weeks before TAA; group IV, preventive model at the time of induction of fibrosis where celecoxib was given concomitantly with TAA for 6 weeks; group V...

Osteocyte regulation of bone mineral: a little give and take

Osteoporosis International — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 18:14:38 +0100

Abstract Osteocytes actively participate in almost every phase of mineral handling by bone. They regulate the mineralisation of osteoid during bone formation, and they are also a major RANKL-producing cell. Osteocytes are thus able to liberate bone mineral by regulating osteoclast differentiation and activity in response to a range of stimuli, including bone matrix damage, bone disuse and mechanical unloading, oestrogen deficiency, high-dose glucocorticoid and chemotherapeutic agents. At least some of these activities may be regulated by the osteocyte-secreted product, sclerostin. There is also mounting evidence that in addition to regulating phosphate homeostasis systemically, osteocytes contribute directly to calcium homeostasis in the mature skeleton. Osteocyte cell dea...

Apolipoprotein E e4 allele does not increase the risk of early postoperative delirium after major surgery

Journal of Anesthesia — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 18:14:05 +0100

Conclusions Apolipoprotein e4 carrier status was not associated with an increased risk for early postoperative delirium. Age, congestive heart failure, and emergency surgery were independent risk factors for the development of delirium after major surgery. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-10DOI 10.1007/s00540-012-1326-5Authors Fernando José Abelha, Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care Unit, Surgical Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, PortugalVera Fernandes, Department of Anesthesiology, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Porto, PortugalMiguela Botelho, Department of Anesthesiology, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Porto, PortugalPatricia Santos, Department of Anesthesiology, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Porto,...

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Intralesional cryosurgery for the treatment of basal cell carcinoma in an elderly patient

European Journal of Plastic Surgery — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 18:13:17 +0100

Abstract The incidence of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) on the lower extremities of elderly patients, who have co-morbidity, is rising. The surgical technique to treat those skin neoplasms on the legs should take into account difficulties in wound healing, dehiscence, or necrosis of the surgical wound, failed skin grafting, and wound infection due to blood supply and innervation disturbances and reduced quality of the skin. Spray/contact cryosurgery is one of the well-established, older therapies for BCC and is widely used with hardly any contraindications and with a high cure rate. This case report is the first in the medical literature to present a successful removal of two BCCs on the leg of an elderly patient by employing a novel and new intralesional cryosurgery technolo...

MR relaxometry of the liver: significant elevation of T1 relaxation time in patients with liver cirrhosis

European Radiology — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 18:12:23 +0100

Conclusion Measurement of T1 relaxation time can differentiate healthy subjects from patients with liver cirrhosis, and can distinguish between mild/moderate disease (CPC A/B) and advanced disease (CPC C). Key Points • Significantly elevated magnetic resonance T1 relaxation times are found in liver cirrhosis. • T1 relaxation times can distinguish healthy subjects from patients with liver cirrhosis. • T1 relaxation times can distinguish Child–Pugh classes A and B from C. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Hepatobiliary-PancreasPages 1-9DOI 10.1007/s00330-012-2378-5Authors Tobias Heye, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital, Heidelberg, GermanySchu-Ren Yang, Department of Diagnost...

A meningioma with peripheral rim enhancement on MRI

Brain Tumor Pathology — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 18:12:00 +0100

Abstract Meningiomas are common, typically benign intracranial neoplasms with well-demarcated borders. Meningiomas with indistinct boundaries have been reported. These can invade surrounding structures, and present surgical and diagnostic challenges. We present the case of an unusual meningioma in a 53-year-old male in which preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an irregular lesion with clear boundaries and peripheral rim enhancement. Intraoperatively, however, no cleavage plane was apparent. Histological examination showed an increase of fibroconnective tissue with proliferation of dilated vessels in the periphery of the tumor concordant with the rim. Immunohistochemical staining of the tumor was positive for EMA and CD34, but negative for CEA, Ki67, and ...

Predicting platinum resistance in primary advanced ovarian cancer patients with an in vitro resistance index

Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 18:11:01 +0100

Conclusions This in vitro assay predicted primary platinum resistance, without misclassification of sensitive OC patients, and the results were significantly associated with PFS. We suggest that samples from primary tumor and metastatic samples have different responses to chemotherapy and that exposure to chemotherapy might induce in vitro platinum resistance. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-8DOI 10.1007/s00280-012-1835-9Authors Thea Eline Hetland, Departement of Gynecologic Oncology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, NorwayJanne Kærn, Departement of Gynecologic Oncology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, NorwayMartina Skrede, Departement of Pathology, Norwegian Radium Hospital...

Characterization of Epstein-Barr virus type 1 nuclear antigen 3C sequence patterns of nasopharyngeal and gastric carcinomas in northern China

Archives of Virology — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 18:10:20 +0100

In this study, we successfully amplified 26 Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated gastric carcinomas (EBVaGCs), 50 nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPCs) and 27 throat washing (TW) samples from healthy donors. Based on a phylogenetic tree, the samples could be divided into three patterns. 3C-6 was the predominant subtype in northern China, and the variations between the strains sequenced in our study and those from southern China and Japan were similar, but differences were also identified. The distribution of EBNA3C subtypes among EBVaGCs, NPCs and healthy donors was not significantly different. These data suggest that EBNA3C gene variations are geographically restricted rather than tumor-specific polymorphisms. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-9DOI 10.1007/s...

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Post injury changes in the properties of mesenchymal stem cells derived from human anterior cruciate ligaments

International Orthopaedics — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 18:10:13 +0100

Conclusions Our results suggest that colony-forming and differentiation potential decrease over time. It is important to consider changes in properties of MSCs and use ACL tissue in the acute phase of rupture when biological manipulation is required. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperPages 1-8DOI 10.1007/s00264-012-1484-yAuthors Shuya Nohmi, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, 036-8562 JapanYuji Yamamoto, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, 036-8562 JapanHiroki Mizukami, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, 036-8562 JapanYasuyuki Ishibash...

Antioxidants and Chronic Pancreatitis: Theory of Oxidative Stress and Trials of Antioxidant Therapy

Digestive Diseases and Sciences — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 18:09:14 +0100

Abstract Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is an inflammatory disease characterized by the progressive destruction of pancreatic tissue and resulting in pancreatic exocrine and endocrine insufficiency. Increased oxidative stress has been implicated as a potential mechanism in its etiology and pathology. A number of studies have demonstrated that CP patients have a compromised antioxidant status, which may be a contributing factor to the enhanced oxidative state associated with the disease. Nutrition is an essential consideration in the treatment of CP, especially since diet is a source of several antioxidants and cofactors required for the production of cellular antioxidant enzymes. Many CP patients have an inadequate intake of macro and micronutrients because of abdominal pain an...

UCLA researchers identify peptide that inhibits replication of hepatitis C virus

UCLA Newsroom: Health Sciences — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 18:00:00 +0100

Researchers from UCLA's Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center have identified a cell-permeable peptide that inhibits a hepatitis C virus protein and blocks the viral replication that can lead to liver cancer and cirrhosis. The finding by Dr. Samuel French, a UCLA assistant professor of pathology and senior author of the research, builds on previous work by French's laboratory that identified two cellular proteins that are important factors in hepatitis C virus infection. In that earlier research, French and his team set out to identify the cellular factors involved in hepatitis C replication. Using mass spectrometry, they found that heat-shock proteins (HSPs) 40 and 70 were important for viral infection. HSP 70 was previously known to be involved, but the study linked HSP 40 fo...

Conquering Atherosclerosis Starts With Improving Medical Education

The American Journal of Cardiology — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 14:05:53 +0100

The United States Department of Health and Human Services recently launched the Million Hearts initiative to prevent 1 million heart attacks and strokes over the next 5 years by implementing proved, effective, and inexpensive interventions. But why stop at a million? We already have all the information we need to eradicate atherosclerotic disease, which is a food-borne illness. Coronary artery disease is virtually nonexistent in large populations of individuals who consume plant-based nutrition. Some of the most renowned cardiovascular pathologists in the world have stated that maintaining a total cholesterol level >150 mg/dl is the true cause of this disease. Plaque regression occurs in >80% of patients who adopt a low-fat vegetarian diet. Cardiac positron emission tomographic scans show ...

CCTS Asks Researchers to Take Survey on Human Tissue Procedures

UK College of Medicine News — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 13:18:41 +0100

The University of Kentucky Center for Clinical and Translational Science (CCTS) is reaching out to researchers on campus to ask them to take a quick survey about access to human tissue samples. The survey is designed for any member of the university community who participates in biomedical research. (Source: UK College of Medicine News)

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In United Kingdom, Clinical Pathology Laboratories Must Transform to Help Primary Care Physicians Achieve Improved Patient Outcomes

Dark Daily — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 11:00:32 +0100

Frontiers in Laboratory Medicine (FiLM) attracted another record crowd of clinical laboratory managers and pathologists DATELINE—BIRMINGHAM, ENGLAND: Healthcare in the United Kingdom is undergoing a host of reforms. Consequently, medical laboratories in this country are scrambling to evolve in ways that allow them to serve the new line-up of primary care trusts and hospital trusts, [...] (Source: Dark Daily)

Insulin as a murder weapon

The Poison Review — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 07:33:02 +0100

4 out of 5 stars Murder by insulin: suspected, purported and proven — a review. Marks V. Drug Test Analysis 2009;1:162-176. Abstract With the recent death following an unexpected hypoglycemic episode of a fifth patient at Stepping Hill Hospital in Greater Manchester (U.K.), this classic article on the forensic pathology involving insulin as a murder weapon has become even more timely. Dr. Marks is one of the foremost experts and expert witnesses in the field, having testified at the Claus von Bülow trial, among many others. Marks points out that: [Insulin] is an inefficient and ineffective weapon, largely because of the length of time it takes to cause death and the ease with which it can be diagnosed and treated. Through personal knowledge and review of both medical and lay litera...

The original family revisited after 37 years: odontoma–dysphagia syndrome is most likely caused by a microduplication of chromosome 11q13.3, including the FGF3 and FGF4 genes

Clinical Oral Investigations — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 06:56:37 +0100

Conclusion The microduplication identified in this family represents the most likely cause of the odontoma–dysphagia syndrome and implies that the syndrome is caused by a gain of function of the FGF3 and FGF4 genes. Clinical relevance Mutations of FGF receptor genes can cause craniofacial syndromes such as odontoma–dysphagia syndrome. Following this train of thought, an evaluation of FGF gene family in sporadic odontoma could be worthwhile. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-8DOI 10.1007/s00784-012-0676-6Authors Thomas Ziebart, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131 Mainz, GermanyFlorian G. Draenert, Department of O...

Current Strategies and Future Perspectives for Intraperitoneal Adhesion Prevention

Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 06:55:38 +0100

Discussion Mesothelial cells play a crucial physiological role in frictionless gliding of the serosa and the maintenance of an antiadhesive surface. The formation of postoperative adhesions results from a cascade of events and is regulated by various cellular and humoral factors. Therefore, optimization or functionalization of barrier materials by developments interacting with this cascade on a structural or pharmacological level could give an innovative input for future strategies in peritoneal adhesion prevention. For this purpose, the proper understanding of the formal pathogenesis of adhesion formation is essential. Based on the physiology of the serosa and the pathophysiology of adhesion formation, the available barriers in current clinical practice as well as new inn...

Short- and Long-Term Changes in Gastric Morphology and Histopathology Following Sleeve Gastrectomy in Diet-Induced Obese Rats

Obesity Surgery — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 06:54:07 +0100

Conclusion After SG gastric macro- and microscopic changes with functional implications in both the short and long term take place. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Animal ResearchPages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s11695-012-0606-3Authors Marina Martín, Department of Histology & Pathology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, SpainMaría A. Burrell, Department of Histology & Pathology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, SpainJavier Gómez-Ambrosi, CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, SpainVíctor Valentí, CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, SpainÁlvaro Bueno, Department of Surgery, University of Navarra, Pamplona, SpainBeatriz Ramírez, CIBER Fisiopat...

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Emergent Literacy in Children with Autism: An Exploration of Developmental and Contextual Dynamic Processes.

Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Profiles were associated with language and illustrated by heterogeneity with potentially unequal achievements between code and meaning based skills. Implications for speech-language pathologists and other educators are provided. PMID: 22301274 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools)

Nitric Oxide-Releasing Nanoparticles Accelerate Wound Healing by Promoting Fibroblast Migration and Collagen Deposition.

The American Journal of Pathology — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

In this study, we examined the effects of a novel NO-releasing nanoparticle technology on wound healing in mice. The results show that the NO nanoparticles (NO-np) significantly accelerated wound healing. NO-np modified leukocyte migration and increased tumor growth factor-β production in the wound area, which subsequently promoted angiogenesis to enhance the healing process. By using human dermal fibroblasts, we demonstrate that NO-np increased fibroblast migration and collagen deposition in wounded tissue. Together, these data show that NO-releasing nanoparticles have the ability to modulate and accelerate wound healing in a pleiotropic manner. PMID: 22306734 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Pathology)

Reflective Functioning in 70 Patients Suffering from Bulimia Nervosa

European Eating Disorders Review — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

ConclusionThe study indicates that the theory of mentalization may contribute to understanding BN. However, bulimic pathology may develop and be maintained despite good mentalizing abilities. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association. (Source: European Eating Disorders Review)

Clinicopathologic study of E-cadherin/ beta-catenin complex, and topoisomerase-II in liposarcomas in a series of 71 cases

World Journal of Surgical Oncology — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: :Liposarcomas do not express E-cadherin, which matches the absence of epithelioid differentiation in this sarcoma subtype, and have low topoisomerase II-alpha expression, which justifies to some extend their resistance to anthracycline-based chemotherapy. (Source: World Journal of Surgical Oncology)

Development of a Finite Element Model for Blast Brain Injury and the Effects of CSF Cavitation.

Annals of Biomedical Engineering — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Panzer MB, Myers BS, Capehart BP, Bass CR Abstract Blast-related traumatic brain injury is the most prevalent injury for combat personnel seen in the current conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan, yet as a research community, we still do not fully understand the detailed etiology and pathology of this injury. Finite element (FE) modeling is well suited for studying the mechanical response of the head and brain to blast loading. This paper details the development of a FE head and brain model for blast simulation by examining both the dilatational and deviatoric response of the brain as potential injury mechanisms. The levels of blast exposure simulated ranged from 50 to 1000 kPa peak incident overpressure and 1-8 ms in positive-phase duration, and were comparable to real-worl...

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Persistent Helicobacter pullorum colonization in C57BL/6NTac mice: A new mouse model for an emerging zoonosis.

Journal of Medical Microbiology — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Turk ML, Cacioppo LD, Ge Z, Shen Z, Whary MT, Parry N, Boutin SR, Klein HJ, Fox JG Abstract Helicobacter pullorum, an enterohepatic Helicobacter species, is associated with gastroenteritis and hepatobiliary disease in humans and chickens. Recently a novel H. pullorum outbreak in barrier-maintained rats and mice was described. We further evaluated persistence of infection and serologic response in H. pullorum-infected female C57BL/6NTac and C3H/HeNTac mice obtained from the barrier outbreak. C57BL/6NTac mice (n=36) aged 10 to 58 weeks were confirmed to be chronically infected with H. pullorum by PCR or culture of cecum, colon and feces, with no evidence of hepatic infection; 2 of 3 C3H/HeNTac cleared H. pullorum infection by 26 weeks of age. A quantitative PCR assay based o...

Diagnostic Pathology: Kidney Diseases, by Robert Colvin

American Journal of Transplantation — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: American Journal of Transplantation)

The intramuscular contribution to the slow oxygen uptake kinetics during exercise in chronic heart failure is related to the severity of the condition

Journal of Applied Physiology — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

The mechanism for slow pulmonary O2 uptake (Vo2) kinetics in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) is unclear but may be due to limitations in the intramuscular control of O2 utilization or O2 delivery. Recent evidence of a transient overshoot in microvascular deoxygenation supports the latter. Prior (or warm-up) exercise can increase O2 delivery in healthy individuals. We therefore aimed to determine whether prior exercise could increase muscle oxygenation and speed Vo2 kinetics during exercise in CHF. Fifteen men with CHF (New York Heart Association I–III) due to left ventricular systolic dysfunction performed two 6-min moderate-intensity exercise transitions (bouts 1 and 2, separated by 6 min of rest) from rest to 90% of lactate threshold on a cycle ergometer. Vo2 was measured...

Systemic inflammatory profile and response to anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Respiratory Research — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: A robust systemic inflammatory profile was associated with COPD. This profile was generally independent of disease severity. Because anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha did not influence systemic inflammation, how to control the underlying pathology beyond symptom suppression remains unclear.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, No.: NCT00056264. (Source: Respiratory Research)

Mandibular distraction in neonates: indications, technique, results

Italian Journal of Pediatrics — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis is a good solution in solving respiratory distress when other procedures are failed in paediatric patients with severe micrognatia. (Source: Italian Journal of Pediatrics)

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EGFR, CD10 and proliferation marker Ki67 expression in Ameloblastoma: possible role in local recurrence

Diagnostic Pathology — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Evaluation of CD10 and Ki67 status together with conventional histological evaluation can help in providing more information about the biologic behavior of the tumor, while EGFR could be a target of an expanding class of anticancer therapies.Since ameloblastomas are EGFR-positive tumors, anti-EGFR agents could be considered to reduce the size of large tumors and to treat unresectable tumors that are in close proximity to vital structures. (Source: Diagnostic Pathology)

Erythrocyte plasma membrane-bound ERK1/2 activation promotes ICAM-4-mediated sickle red cell adhesion to endothelium

Blood — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

The core pathology of sickle cell disease (SCD) starts with the erythrocyte (RBC). Aberration in MAPK/ERK1/2 signaling, which can regulate cell adhesion, occurs in diverse pathologies. Because RBCs contain abundant ERK1/2, we predicted that ERK1/2 is functional in sickle (SS) RBCs and promotes adherence, a hallmark of SCD. ERK1/2 remained active in SS but not normal RBCs. β2-adrenergic receptor stimulation by epinephrine can enhance ERK1/2 activity only in SS RBCs via PKA- and tyrosine kinase p72syk-dependent pathways. ERK signaling is implicated in RBC ICAM-4 phosphorylation, promoting SS RBC adhesion to the endothelium. SS RBC adhesion and phosphorylation of both ERK and ICAM-4 all decreased with continued cell exposure to epinephrine, implying that activation of ICAM-4–mediat...

AlloDerm and DermaMatrix implants for parotidectomy reconstruction: A histologic study in the rat model

Head and Neck — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

ConclusionsAlloDerm reacts similarly when comparing the postparotidectomy bed to the dorsum. DermaMatrix induces a more marked inflammatory reaction in the postparotidectomy bed when compared with the dorsum. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012 (Source: Head and Neck)

Hyalinizing clear cell adenocarcinoma of the oropharynx

Head and Neck — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

ConclusionImmunohistochemical staining is essential for narrowing the differential diagnosis of these lesions. Treatment is controversial but usually consists of wide local excision and possibly a neck dissection. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012 (Source: Head and Neck)

Planning Your Tubal Reversal Surgery

Tubal Ligation Reversal News — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 00:00:00 +0100

A member of the Tubal Reversal Message Board asks what steps she needs to take to have her tubes untied at Chapel Hill Tubal Reversal Center. It is helpful for patients to obtain the records from their tubal ligation procedure. If tubes were cut and tied, a pathology report from the hospital should also be available. Once your records are received at Chapel Hill Tubal Reversal Center, a Tubal Reversal Nurse will contact you within 24 hours. If you are not able to obtain your records right away, you can still schedule your tubal ligation reversal with Dr. Gary Berger or Dr. Charles Monteith, the top two tubal reversal doctors in the world. (Source: Tubal Ligation Reversal News)

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2/7 Seminars in Oncology: "Deconstructing the Molecular Genetics of Human Cancer, and its Therapeutic Implications"

DF/HCC: Latest News — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 17:28:44 +0100

Speaker: Pier Paolo Pandolfi, MD, PhD George C. Reisman Professor of Medicine and Pathology Harvard Medical School Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Boston, MA Tuesday, February 7, 2012 4 p.m. Jimmy Fund Auditorium Hosted by: Kornelia Polyak, MD, PhD 617-582-7646 (Source: DF/HCC: Latest News)

Disseminated Carcinoma Ex Pleomorphic Adenoma in an Adolescent Confirmed by Application of PLAG1 Immunohistochemistry and FISH for PLAG1 Rearrangement

Head and Neck Pathology — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 17:13:46 +0100

Abstract A 16-year-old previously asymptomatic boy presented with complaints of fatigue, weight loss, and back pain for several months. Imaging studies revealed a large superior mediastinal mass, numerous bilateral pulmonary nodules, and multiple lytic bone lesions. A needle biopsy from a sternal lesion showed a poorly differentiated carcinoma, immunoreactive for cytokeratins and EMA and immunonegative for various organ/tissue-specific markers. His past medical history was significant for excision of a parotid gland tumor 5 years earlier. Histologic review of the salivary gland tumor revealed a pleomorphic adenoma containing a microscopic focus of invasive carcinoma (carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma). By immunohistochemistry, both the salivary gland tumor and the diss...

Favorable outcome associated with an IGF-1 ligand signature in breast cancer

Breast Cancer Research and Treatment — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 17:12:05 +0100

In conclusion, a breast tumor-derived signature of high IGF-1 ligand is associated with favorable outcome, in contrast to a previously reported IGF-IR activation signature. The prognostic value of the IGF-I ligand signature is validated in three independent datasets. These signatures should be applied in study of IGF1-R targeted therapy. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory EpidemiologyPages 1-11DOI 10.1007/s10549-012-1952-5Authors Lina Mu, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8034, USADavid Tuck, Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8034, USADionyssios Katsaros, Gynecologic Oncology and Breast Cancer Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Turin, Turin...

Comparative tight junction protein expressions in colonic Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, and tuberculosis: a new perspective

Virchows Archiv — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 17:11:52 +0100

Abstract We intended to see the pattern of TJ protein expression along with ultrastructural changes in colonic biopsies from patients with Crohn’s disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), and tuberculosis (cTB). Colonic biopsies from 11 patients with active CD and ten patients each with active UC and untreated cTB were taken along with biopsies from six patients with irritable bowel syndrome as controls. These were evaluated for expression pattern of key TJ proteins which included claudin-2 as TJ pore-forming protein, claudin-4 as pore-sealing protein, ZO-1 as scaffold protein, and occludin as TJ protein related to cell migration and polarity. Claudin-2 expression was upregulated along the whole length of intercellular junction (ICJ) in biopsies from patients with active C...

Phosphatase PTEN is critically involved in post-myocardial infarction remodeling through the Akt/interleukin-10 signaling pathway

Basic Research in Cardiology — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 17:09:57 +0100

In conclusion, PTEN is critically involved in post-MI remodeling through the Akt/IL-10 signaling pathway. Therefore, targeting PTEN may be an effective approach to post-MI remodeling. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ContributionPages 1-15DOI 10.1007/s00395-012-0248-6Authors Nirmal Parajuli, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 333, Baltimore, MD 21205, USAYuan Yuan, Department of Cardiology, Forth Military Medical University Xijing Hospital, Xian, Shaanxi, ChinaXiaoxu Zheng, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 333, Baltimore, MD 21205, USADjahida Bedja, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University Schoo...

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Could lack of vitamin D be behind Sids cases? (BBC Radio 4 Today Programme, 26 January 2012)

Society for Endocrinology — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 12:00:00 +0100

Pathologists have voiced concerns that a number of infant deaths may have been due to vitamin D deficiency. Interview on the Today programme In related news, Professor Dame Sally Davies, chief medical officer for England, has announced that she will be raising awareness of vitamin D deficiency among doctors and the public as a priority. Full article (BBC News Online, 24 January 2012) (Source: Society for Endocrinology)

Could lack of vitamin D be behind Sids cases? (BBC Radio 4 The Today Programme, 26 January 2012)

Society for Endocrinology — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 12:00:00 +0100

Pathologists have voiced concerns that a number of infant deaths may have been due to vitamin D deficiency. Interview on the Today Programme In related news, Professor Dame Sally Davies, chief medical officer for England, has announced that she will be raising awareness of vitamin D deficiency among doctors and the public as a priority. Full article (BBC News Online, 24 January 2012) (Source: Society for Endocrinology)

In Massachusetts, Blues Ink Pact with Partners HealthCare to Implement Alternative Quality Contract with Global Payment

Dark Daily — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 11:00:12 +0100

Early evidence is that the AQC arrangement encourages providers to more carefully utilize ancillary services, including clinical laboratory and pathology testing Much attention is being given to the new healthcare payment models being introduced by the Medicare program during 2012. However, quietly—and with much less publicity—private health plans are deploying innovative, value-based payment models. These [...] (Source: Dark Daily)

Cafe Scientifique: Alzheimer’s disease – a quest for a cure (2012-02-09)

Institute of Psychiatry | Events — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 10:47:45 +0100

The aim of the IoP Cafe Scientifique is to get the South London community in contact with scientists and clinicians at the Institute of Psychiatry in a relaxed atmosphere, encouraging the exchange of knowledge, ideas and science. Dr Amy Pooler, an expert on Alzheimer’s disease, will explain the pathology of this devastating disorder as well as highlight current therapies and research advances in (Source: Institute of Psychiatry | Events)

Trichilemmomas show loss of pten in cowden syndrome but only rarely in sporadic tumors

Journal of Cutaneous Pathology — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Demonstration of complete PTEN loss in TL by IHC is strongly suggestive of association with CS, but retention of PTEN staining does not entirely exclude CS. Therefore, PTEN IHC in trichilemmomas may be helpful in screening TL for association with CS, but should be used in context with other established clinical criteria, and possibly germline PTEN genotyping to confirm a diagnosis of CS. (Source: Journal of Cutaneous Pathology)

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Breast cancer resistance protein expression is associated with early recurrence and decreased survival in resectable pancreatic cancer patients

Pathology International — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

In this study, we evaluated the expression statuses and the clinical significance of MDR1 (ABCB1), MDR‐associated proteins (MRPs/ABCC) 1, 2 and 3, and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) in 67 surgically resected PDACs by immunohistochemistry. MDR1, MRP1, MRP2, MRP3 and BCRP were expressed in 35 (52.2%), 56 (83.6%), 61 (91.0%), 49 (73.1%) and 49 (73.1%) out of 67 cases, respectively. The expression statuses of the MDR‐related proteins were positively correlated with each other (P < 0.05). Tumors expressing MRP1 (P= 0.015), MRP2 (P= 0.022) and MRP3 (P < 0.001) demonstrated more frequent perineural invasion. MDR1 expression was significantly correlated with lymphatic invasion (P= 0.047). High BCRP expression in PDAC was a significant prognostic factor for early tumor recu...

Pancreatic incidentalomas

Best Practice and Research. Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

are defined as asymptomatic pancreatic lesions, discovered incidentally by imaging for an unrelated indication. They are being discovered with increasing frequency as the use of high quality cross sectional imaging is becoming more widespread. These lesions cover a wide spectrum of pathology from benign simple cysts through potentially malignant lesions such as intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasia, to frankly malignant adenocarcinoma. In this article we outline the incidence, imaging characteristics and natural history of the various incidental lesions with emphasis to neuroendocrine tumors. A diagnostic approach is also suggested, including the rational use of further imaging, serum biochemistry and the utility of ultrasound guided aspiration of cyst fluid if present. We examine seve...

Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery Pseudoaneurysm Compressing the Main Pulmonary Artery in a Patient with Behçet's Disease

Echocardiography — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

We report the case of a 22‐year‐old female with LAD pseudoaneurysm who underwent surgical repair with transesophageal echocardiography guidance. We describe the importance of the use of an alternative view to define the origin and location of this unusual pathology. (Echocardiography ****;**:E1–E3) (Source: Echocardiography)

Proteomics of Post-Traumatic Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy in Rabbit Retina Reveals Alterations to a Variety of Functional Proteins.

Current Eye Research — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Our results suggested that PVR is a complicated pathology process with alterations in expression of a variety of functional proteins rather than a single key protein. The data reported may be useful for further studies on pathogenesis of human PVR and for the screening of biomarkers to develop new potential therapeutic approaches. PMID: 22295879 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Current Eye Research)

National trends in rotator cuff repair.

The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American volume — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: The increase in national rates of rotator cuff repair over the last decade has been dramatic, particularly for arthroscopic assisted repair. PMID: 22298054 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American volume)

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Amyloid Precursor Protein Is a Biomarker for Transformed Human Pluripotent Stem Cells.

The American Journal of Pathology — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Venkataramani V, Thiele K, Behnes CL, Wulf GG, Thelen P, Opitz L, Salinas-Riester G, Wirths O, Bayer TA, Schweyer S Abstract Increasing evidence suggests an important function of the β-amyloid precursor protein (APP) in malignant disease in human beings, however, the biological basis for this evidence is not well understood at present. To understand the role of APP in transformed pluripotent stem cells, we studied its expression levels in human testicular germ cell tumors using patient tissues, model cell lines, and an established xenograft mouse model. In the present study, we demonstrate the cooperative expression of APP with prominent pluripotency-related genes such as Sox2, NANOG, and Oct-3/4. The closest homologue family member, APLP2, showed no correlation to these ...

Advanced Endosonographic Diagnostic Tools for Discrimination of Focal Chronic Pancreatitis and Pancreatic Carcinoma - Elastography, Contrast Enhanced High Mechanical Index (CEHMI) and Low Mechanical Index (CELMI) Endosonography in Direct Comparison.

Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

This study shows that, despite the availability of new technologies, CEHMI-EUS is still the most reliable method for the differentiation of focal chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic carcinoma. However, understanding the advantages of the different methods might help to find the optimal indications for the use of the new techniques. PMID: 22298098 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie)

Increased Twist expression in advanced stage of Mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome

Journal of Cutaneous Pathology — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Increased Twist protein expression in advanced MF/SS lesions suggests that Twist expression may correlate with MF/SS stages. (Source: Journal of Cutaneous Pathology)

Extranodal diffuse large B cell lymphoma of cutaneous follicle centre lymphoma type: a study of 24 patients with non‐cutaneous primary limited stage extranodal diffuse large B cell lymphoma in support of a new concept

Histopathology — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Our results suggest that DLBCL of cFCL type can be identified in extranodal non‐cutaneous sites and shows clinical characteristics similar to genuine cFCL. We propose to expand the concept of cFCL to encompass large cell lymphomas in extranodal sites. (Source: Histopathology)

Overexpression of mouse TTF‐2 gene causes cleft palate

Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractIn humans, mutations of the gene encoding for thyroid transcription factor‐2 (TTF‐2 or FOXE1) result in Bamforth syndrome. Bamforth syndrome is characterized by agenesis, cleft palate, spiky hair, and choanal atresia. TTF‐2 null mice (TTF‐2‐/‐) also exhibit cleft palate, suggesting its involvement in the palatogenesis. However, the molecular pathology and genetic regulation by TTF2 are largely unknown. In the present study, the recombinant expression vector pBROAD3‐TTF‐2 containing the promoter of the mouse ROSA26 gene was created to form the structural gene of mouse TTF‐2 and was microinjected into the male pronuclei of fertilized ova. Sequence analysis confirmed that the TTF‐2 transgenic mouse model was established successfully. The transgenic mice displayed a...

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Zonation related function and ubiquitination regulation in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells in dynamic vs. static culture conditions

BMC Genomics - Latest articles — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Pathways analysis, using gene and protein expression data from two cell culture models, confirmed specific human HCC phenotypes with regard to CYPs and kinases, and revealed a zonation-related pattern of expression. Ubiquitin-mediated regulation mechanism gives plausible explanations of our findings. Altogether, our results suggest that strategies aimed at inhibiting activated kinases and signaling pathways may lead to enhanced metabolism-mediated drug resistance of treated tumors. If that were the case, mitigating inhibition or targeting inactive forms of kinases would be an alternative. (Source: BMC Genomics - Latest articles)

A Hoxb13‐driven reverse tetracycline transactivator system for conditional gene expression in the prostate

The Prostate — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONSThe Hoxb13‐rtTA transgenic system provides a powerful tool for conditional Tet operator‐driven transgene expression in the normal prostate and during disease progression. Used in conjunction with other prostate pathology models, these mice will enable precise, temporally controlled analyses of gene function and can provide opportunities for detailed analyses of molecular events underlying prostate diseases. Prostate © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: The Prostate)

Follicular thyroid cancer: minimally invasive tumours can give rise to metastases

ANZ Journal of Surgery — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Currently accepted histological classification of FTC is inadequate and fails to accurately predict patients with distant metastatic disease and a more aggressive clinical course. It is thus the policy of our unit to recommend total thyroidectomy and radioactive iodine ablation for all patients with FTC. (Source: ANZ Journal of Surgery)

Alcohol reduces airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and allergic airway inflammation in mice

AJP: Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

There is very limited knowledge about the effects of alcohol on airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation in asthma. Historical accounts of alcohol administration to patients with breathing problems suggest that alcohol may have bronchodilating properties. We hypothesized that alcohol exposure will alter airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and pulmonary inflammation in a mouse model of allergic asthma. To test this hypothesis, BALB/c mice were fed either 18% alcohol or water and then sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA). AHR was assessed by means of ventilation or barometric plethysmography and reported as either total lung resistance or enhanced pause, respectively. Airway inflammation was assessed by total and differential cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), cyto...