MedWorm: Perinatology & Neonatology

Prediction of Pediatric Outcome after Prenatal Diagnosis and Expectant Antenatal Management of Congenital Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation

Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 23:00:00 +0100

Fetal Diagn Ther (DOI:10.1159/000331936) (Source: Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy)

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St. Elizabeth denied NICU unit

bizjournals.com Health Care:Pharmaceuticals headlines — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 21:28:49 +0100

St. Elizabeth Healthcare has been denied Kentucky approval to open an advanced neonatal intensive care unit. The hospital system applied in 2009 for the Level III NICU designation. But it failed to convince the Kentucky Cabinet for Health and Family Services the Kentucky needs the 12-bed service. A spokeswoman for the organization said St. Elizabeth is likely to appeal the decision. St. Elizabeth hoped to lure back the 990 Northern Kentucky women who leave the state to have their babies at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center or elsewhere... (Source: bizjournals.com Health Care:Pharmaceuticals headlines)

What is the Evidence for the use of Adrenaline in the Treatment of Neonatal Hypotension?

Thu, 02 Feb 2012 14:05:42 +0100

(Source: Cardiovascular and Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Formerly Current Medicinal Chemistry - Cardiovascular and Hematological Agents))

The Size 1 ProSeal™ laryngeal mask airway in infants: a randomized, noncrossover study with the Classic™ laryngeal mask airway

Pediatric Anesthesia — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 12:09:21 +0100

Conclusions: We conclude that the size 1 PLMA is a stable, safe, and efficacious airway control device during neonatal and infant anesthesia, allowing higher peak airway pressure during positive pressure ventilation, with fewer mask displacements and gastric insufflations than the cLMA. (Source: Pediatric Anesthesia)

History of the birth certificate: from inception to the future of electronic data

Journal of Perinatology — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: H L Brumberg, D Dozor & S G Golombek (Source: Journal of Perinatology)

Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation after surfactant treatment for respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants

Journal of Perinatology — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: R Ramanathan, K C Sekar, M Rasmussen, J Bhatia & R F Soll (Source: Journal of Perinatology)

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Effect of heparin and other factors associated with complications of peripherally inserted central venous catheters in neonates

Journal of Perinatology — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: B Isemann, R Sorrels & H Akinbi (Source: Journal of Perinatology)

NIDCAP improves brain function and structure in preterm infants with severe intrauterine growth restriction

Journal of Perinatology — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: H Als, F H Duffy, G McAnulty, S C Butler, L Lightbody, S Kosta, N I Weisenfeld, R Robertson, R B Parad, S A Ringer, J G Blickman, D Zurakowski & S K Warfield (Source: Journal of Perinatology)

Does increasing body mass index affect cerclage efficacy?

Journal of Perinatology — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Does increasing body mass index affect cerclage efficacy? Journal of Perinatology advance online publication, February 2, 2012. doi:10.1038/jp.2011.198 Authors: S H Poggi, N A Vyas, J C Pezzullo, H J Landy & A Ghidini (Source: Journal of Perinatology)

Evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid parameters in preterm infants with intraventricular reservoirs

Journal of Perinatology — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: M Bajaj, M Lulic-Botica & G Natarajan (Source: Journal of Perinatology)

Domestic violence screening of obstetric triage patients in a military population

Journal of Perinatology — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: M A Lutgendorf, A Thagard, P D Rockswold, J M Busch & E F Magann (Source: Journal of Perinatology)

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Radiological clues to the early diagnosis of hypochondroplasia in the neonatal period: Report of two patients

American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

We report on the clinical and radiological findings in two HCH children with a FGFR3 mutation. In both children, fetal US showed short femora and relatively increased biparietal diameter (BPD). However, postnatal assessment failed to make a specific diagnosis in the neonatal period. The correct diagnosis of HCH was accomplished by reassessment after exacerbation of postnatal short stature. In retrospective radiological review, the radiological findings relevant to HCH were discernible more easily in the neonatal period than at age of 3 years. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A)

Chromosome 22q11.2 duplication is rare in a population‐based cohort of Danish children with cardiovascular malformations

American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractThe prevalence of the 22q11.2 duplication is unknown in children with cardiovascular malformations (CVMs). As most individuals with the duplication are detected in the search for other conditions, especially the 22q11.2 deletion, CVMs associated with the duplication are subject to referral bias. We circumvented this bias by investigating the prevalence of the 22q11.2 duplication in a population‐based cohort of children with CVMs. The study population was defined as children born in 2000–2008, who were registered in the Danish National Patient Registry with a diagnosis of CVM from one of the two national university departments of pediatric cardiology. Sensitive multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification was performed on dried blood spot samples from each individual's neo...

Clinical Characteristics Of Neonates With VACTERL Association

Pediatrics International — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractBackground: The VACTERL association (VA) is the nonrandom co‐occurrence of Vertebral anomalies, Anal atresia, Cardiovascular malformations, Tracheo‐esophageal fistula and/or Esophageal atresia, Renal anomalies, and/or Limb‐anomalies, and is referred to the first letters of its components. Studies investigating the clinical characteristics of VA patients and probing of the observed current six component types are limited, and none of them is focused to neonates. Clinical characteristics of our patients diagnosed as having VA in the newborn period is investigated.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the neonates whose final diagnosis was VACTERL association. Presence of at least 3 components of previously reported 6 anomalies was accepted as VACTERL association. Gender, b...

The neonate presenting with temperature symptoms: Role in the diagnosis of early onset sepsis

Pediatrics International — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Every seventh newborn hospitalized at our neonatal intensive care unit developed fever, hypothermia and/or temperature instability during the first three days of life. Two thirds of them had culture proven or clinical sepsis. Temperature symptoms were rarely observed in EOS negative newborns (8%) but despite low sensitivity highly specific for bacterial infection in preterm and term newborns.© 2012 The Authors. Pediatrics International © 2012 Japan Pediatric Society (Source: Pediatrics International)

Use of dosulepin in pregnancy

NeLM - Drugs in Pregnancy — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Source: UK Teratology Information Service Area: Evidence > Drugs in Pregnancy SUMMARY: Dosulepin (formerly known as dothiepin) is a tricyclic antidepressant used in the treatment of depression, particularly where sedation is required. There is very little published data regarding the use of dosulepin in pregnancy. Neonatal withdrawal symptoms may occur following chronic use or use near the time of delivery of any antidepressant. The neonate should be monitored for adverse effects such as drowsiness, jitteriness, hyperexcitability and suckling problems. Some studies have suggested that exposure to tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and other antidepressants in pregnancy may be associated with an increased risk of spontaneous abortion, low birth weight and IUGR.&...

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Risk of Suicide, Self-injury, and Psychiatric Service UseRisk of Suicide, Self-injury, and Psychiatric Service Use

Medscape Today Headlines — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 04:00:00 +0100

Can perinatal experiences, such as birth complications, predict later mental health problems in children and adolescents? BMC Public Health (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

Controlled collagen crosslinking process in tissue‐engineered fibroblast sheets for preventing scar contracture on the surface of lungs

Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractFor preventing the scar contracture of host tissue and adjusting the tensile strength of covering cell sheets, a controlled collagen crosslinking step process in the preparation of skin‐fibroblast sheets for repairing wound was investigated by using β‐aminopropionitrile (BAPN), a collagen crosslinking inhibitor, in the culture medium. Skin fibroblasts obtained from neonatal rats were cultured in medium with and without 0.25 mm BAPN for 7 days and seeded on temperature‐responsive culture dishes. After the confluent cells were non‐invasively harvested as a monolithic cell sheet, two cell sheets were transplanted to a lung‐injury site of athymic rats, which was closed by neither fibrin glue nor suturing. Four weeks after the transplantation the animals were sacrificed a...

Development and validation of serum bilirubin nomogram to predict the absence of risk for severe hyperbilirubinaemia before discharge: a prospective, multicenter study

Italian Journal of Pediatrics — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: The hour-specific TSB nomogram is able to predict all neonates without risk of non physiologic hyperbilirubinemia only after 48 to 72 hours of life. The combination of TSB determination and risk factors for hyperbilirubinemia could facilitate a safe discharge from the hospital and a targeted intervention and follow-up. (Source: Italian Journal of Pediatrics)

Developmental outcome of very low birth weight infants in a developing country

BMC Pediatrics - Latest articles — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Although the neurodevelopmental outcome of this group of VLBW infants was within the normal range, with a low incidence of cerebral palsy, these results may reflect the low survival of babies with a birth weight below 900 grams. In addition, mean subscale scores were low and one third of the babies were identified as "at risk", indicating that this group of babies warrants long-term follow up into school going age. (Source: BMC Pediatrics - Latest articles)

Neonatal Drug Withdrawal

PEDIATRICS — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Maternal use of certain drugs during pregnancy can result in transient neonatal signs consistent with withdrawal or acute toxicity or cause sustained signs consistent with a lasting drug effect. In addition, hospitalized infants who are treated with opioids or benzodiazepines to provide analgesia or sedation may be at risk for manifesting signs of withdrawal. This statement updates information about the clinical presentation of infants exposed to intrauterine drugs and the therapeutic options for treatment of withdrawal and is expanded to include evidence-based approaches to the management of the hospitalized infant who requires weaning from analgesics or sedatives. (Source: PEDIATRICS)

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Genetic and Environmental Components of Neonatal Weight Gain in Preterm Infants

PEDIATRICS — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: This high heritability estimate could suggest using this set of criteria to identify genes that regulate postnatal weight gain or failure. (Source: PEDIATRICS)

Intrapartum Temperature Elevation, Epidural Use, and Adverse Outcome in Term Infants

PEDIATRICS — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of infants experiencing adverse outcomes increased with the degree of epidural-related maternal temperature elevation. Epidural use without temperature elevation was not associated with any of the adverse outcomes we studied. (Source: PEDIATRICS)

Incidence and Timing of Presentation of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Infants

PEDIATRICS — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Among infants <33 weeks’ gestation, NEC appears to present at mean age of 7 days in more mature infants, whereas onset of NEC is delayed to 32 days of age in smaller, lower GA infants. Further studies are required to understand the etiology of this disease process. (Source: PEDIATRICS)

Genetic and Environmental Components of Neonatal Weight Gain in Preterm Infants

PEDIATRICS — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Several studies have focused on birth weight heritability, reporting results that range between 40% and 80%. Few studies have focused on the process of weight gain and were mainly based on heterogeneous samples of infants. The present work looks at a uniform set of healthy preterm newborn twins. The resulting high heritability estimate could suggest using the inclusion criteria to identify genes that regulate postnatal weight gain or failure. (Read the full article) (Source: PEDIATRICS)

Intrapartum Temperature Elevation, Epidural Use, and Adverse Outcome in Term Infants

PEDIATRICS — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Previous observational studies and randomized trials have reported an association between the use of epidural analgesia for pain relief in labor and intrapartum maternal fever. Studies have also reported an increase in adverse neonatal outcomes with intrapartum maternal fever. Among low-risk women receiving epidural analgesia, intrapartum maternal temperature >99.5°F was associated with adverse neonatal outcomes, with the rate of adverse outcomes increasing directly with maximum maternal temperature. Without temperature elevation, epidural use was not associated with adverse neonatal outcomes. (Read the full article) (Source: PEDIATRICS)

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Index of Suspicion in the Nursery * Case 1: Bloody Stool at 1 Day of Age in a Term Newborn * Case 2: Abnormal Fetal Movements and Early Neonatal Collapse

NeoReviews recent issues — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: NeoReviews recent issues)

Future Directions in the Evaluation and Management of Neonatal Sepsis

NeoReviews recent issues — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Although sepsis is one of the important etiologies of illness in hospitalized infants, it is often difficult to determine if an infant is truly infected and, moreover, how to treat these infections. To address the first issue, researchers have begun to examine techniques to shorten the amount of time it takes to culture and identify organisms. On the clinical side, the development of biomarkers may help physicians to better identify infants who are likely ill from infection versus those infants who are unstable from other processes. The ability to distinguish between these cohorts will help to curtail excessive use of empirical antibiotics. Even if infants are determined to truly have infection on the basis of a positive culture, it is becoming more challenging to appropriately treat causa...

Topics in Neonatal Informatics: Optimal Clinical Data Entry, Display

NeoReviews recent issues — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Displaying the vast amount of clinical data that exist in electronic medical records without causing information overload or interfering with provider thought processes is a challenge. To support the transformation of data into information and knowledge, effective electronic displays must be flexible and guide physicians’ thought processes. Applying research from cognitive science and human factors engineering offers promise in improving the electronic display of clinical information. (Source: NeoReviews recent issues)

International Perspectives: Neonatal Jaundice: Building a Culture of Safety (An Argentinean Perspective)

NeoReviews recent issues — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: NeoReviews recent issues)

Multifocal haemorrhagic brain damage following hypoxia and blood pressure lability: case report and rat model

Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: We conclude that transient hypoxia, in a dose‐dependent manner, can weaken the vasculature and predispose to brain haemorrhage in the situation of labile blood pressure. Persistent hypoxia is likely to be important in the genesis of permanent severe brain damage.© 2012 The Authors. Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology © 2012 British Neuropathological Society (Source: Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology)

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Clinical features and risk factors for severe and critical pregnant women with 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza infection in China

BMC Infectious Diseases — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Severe hypoxemia and higher BMI on admission were associated with adverse outcomes for pregnant women. Preterm delivery was a risk factor for neonatal death among pregnant women with pH1N1 influenza infection. NIV may be useful in selected pregnant women without septic shock. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases)

Child mortality in India: a complex situation.

World Journal of Pediatrics : WJP — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Apart from raising awareness among community leaders, family members responsible for care giving should be specially targeted for removal of hostile perceptions and barriers for improvement of child survival. Also there is need for developing new strategies for health education based on indigenous concerns, addressing socio-cultural barriers. PMID: 22282378 [PubMed - in process] (Source: World Journal of Pediatrics : WJP)

Understanding Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome.

World Journal of Pediatrics : WJP — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Patients with Bartter syndrome types 1, 2 and 4 present at a younger age than classic Bartter syndrome type 3. They present with sypmtoms, often quite severe in the neonatal period. Patients with classic Bartter syndrome type 3 present later in life and may be sporadically asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic. The severe, steady-state hypokalemia in Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome may abruptly become lifethreatening under certain aggravating conditions. Clinicians need to be cognizant of such renal tubular disorders, and promptly treat at-risk patients. PMID: 22282380 [PubMed - in process] (Source: World Journal of Pediatrics : WJP)

Preventing maternal and neonatal harm during vacuum-assisted vaginal delivery.

The American Journal of Nursing — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Lacker C Abstract Nursing assessment and interventions can make all the difference.The Pennsylvania Patient Safety Reporting System is a confidential, statewide Internet reporting system to which all Pennsylvania hospitals, outpatient-surgery facilities, and birthing centers, as well as some abortion facilities, must file information on medical errors.Safety Monitor is a column from Pennsylvania's Patient Safety Authority, the authority that informs nurses on issues that can affect patient safety and presents strategies they can easily integrate into practice. For more information on the authority, visit www.patientsafetyauthority.org. For the original article discussed in this column or for other articles on patient safety, click on "Patient Safety Advisories" and then "A...

Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction

Physiological Reviews — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

It has been known for more than 60 years, and suspected for over 100, that alveolar hypoxia causes pulmonary vasoconstriction by means of mechanisms local to the lung. For the last 20 years, it has been clear that the essential sensor, transduction, and effector mechanisms responsible for hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) reside in the pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell. The main focus of this review is the cellular and molecular work performed to clarify these intrinsic mechanisms and to determine how they are facilitated and inhibited by the extrinsic influences of other cells. Because the interaction of intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms is likely to shape expression of HPV in vivo, we relate results obtained in cells to HPV in more intact preparations, such as intact and isol...

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Histone deacetylases 1 and 2 regulate autophagy flux and skeletal muscle homeostasis in mice [Medical Sciences]

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Maintenance of skeletal muscle structure and function requires efficient and precise metabolic control. Autophagy plays a key role in metabolic homeostasis of diverse tissues by recycling cellular constituents, particularly under conditions of caloric restriction, thereby normalizing cellular metabolism. Here we show that histone deacetylases (HDACs) 1 and 2 control skeletal muscle homeostasis and autophagy flux in mice. Skeletal muscle-specific deletion of both HDAC1 and HDAC2 results in perinatal lethality of a subset of mice, accompanied by mitochondrial abnormalities and sarcomere degeneration. Mutant mice that survive the first day of life develop a progressive myopathy characterized by muscle degeneration and regeneration, and abnormal metabolism resulting from a blockade to autophag...

Dickkopf-3, an immune modulator in peripheral CD8 T-cell tolerance [Immunology]

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

In healthy individuals, T cells react against incoming pathogens, but remain tolerant to self-antigens, thereby preventing autoimmune reactions. CD4 regulatory T cells are major contributors in induction and maintenance of peripheral tolerance, but a regulatory role has been also reported for several subsets of CD8 T cells. To determine the molecular basis of peripheral CD8 T-cell tolerance, we exploited a double transgenic mouse model in which CD8 T cells are neonatally tolerized following interaction with a parenchymal self-antigen. These tolerant CD8 T cells have regulatory capacity and can suppress T cells in an antigen-specific manner during adulthood. Dickkopf-3 (DKK3) was found to be expressed in the tolerant CD8 T cells and to be essential for the observed CD8 T-cell tolerance. In ...

Efficacy of Phototherapy for Newborns with Hyperbilirubinemia: A Cautionary Example of an Instrumental Variable Analysis

Medical Decision Making — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions. Instrumental variable analyses may provide biased estimates of treatment efficacy if there are cointerventions or confounders associated with treatment at the level of the instrument, although even when these associations may not exist in individuals. (Source: Medical Decision Making)

Rheumatic Heart Disease in Pregnancy – cardiac and obstetric outcomes

Internal Medicine Journal — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: RHD has a major impact on maternal cardiac outcomes. However, with current management practices maternal and fetal mortality are low, and the incidence of complications is predictable based on known risk factors. (Source: Internal Medicine Journal)

Sustained response and prevention of damage progression in patients with neonatal‐onset multisystem inflammatory disease (NOMID) treated with anakinra

Arthritis and Rheumatism — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion:Anakinra provides sustained efficacy in the treatment of NOMID for up to five years, with the requirement of dose escalation. Damage progression in the CNS, ear, and eye – but not bone – is preventable. Anakinra is overall well tolerated. (Source: Arthritis and Rheumatism)

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Choroid Plexus Carcinoma: Prenatal Characterization by 3-Dimensional Sonography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Perinatal Management, and Natural History

Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine)

Adaptive Changes in the Splenic Artery and Left Portal Vein in Fetal Growth Restriction

Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions— Reduced blood flow through the left portal vein and low resistance in the splenic artery can be found in growth-restricted fetuses with adverse neonatal outcomes. (Source: Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine)

Mean cerebral blood flow measurements using phase contrast MRI in the first year of life

NMR in Biomedicine — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

In this study, mean global CBF was measured in 21 infants under the age of one, using non‐invasive MRI techniques adapted to the neonatal population. Mean CBF was computed as the ratio of blood flow delivered to the brain (measured using phase contrast MRI) and brain volume (computed by segmenting anatomical MR images). Tests in adult volunteers and repeated measurements showed the flow measurements using the proposed method to be both accurate and reproducible. It was also found that cardiac gating need not be employed in infants with no known cardiac pathology.The developed technique can easily be appended to a neonatal MRI examination to provide rapid, robust, and non‐invasive estimates of mean CBF, thus providing a means to monitor developmental or pathology‐related alterations i...

Blockage of the afferent sensitive pathway prevents sympathetic atrophy and hemodynamic alterations in rat portal hypertension

Liver International — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

ConclusionThese results indicate that the nervous system has a central role in the genesis of the circulatory abnormalities of portal hypertension, and support that mesenteric sympathetic atrophy contributes to splanchnic arterial vasodilation. (Source: Liver International)

Inhibition of Na+‐H+ exchange as a mechanism of rapid cardioprotection by resveratrol

British Journal of Pharmacology — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions and Implications. Resveratrol exerts cardioprotection by reducing ROS and preserving mitochondrial function. The PKC‐α‐dependent inhibition of NHE and subsequent attenuation of [Ca2+]i overload may be a cardioprotective mechanism. (Source: British Journal of Pharmacology)

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Severe fetal and neonatal hemolytic anemia due to a 198 kb deletion removing the complete β‐globin gene cluster

Pediatric Blood and Cancer — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

We report and define a 198 kb deletion removing the entire β‐globin gene cluster, which was found in members of a multigeneration family of Irish/Scottish descent. The proband had life‐threatening fetal and neonatal hemolytic anemia which subsided by 1 year of age. Pediatr Blood Cancer © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Pediatric Blood and Cancer)

Foot anomalies and proximal symphalangism

Clinical Anatomy — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

We report the case of a 2‐week‐old girl born at term (by vaginal delivery and without antenatal or perinatal events) who was referred as having “bilateral talipes and bilateral proximal symphalangism of little and ring fingers.” The “talipes” was atypical with marked equinus and varus, but no cavus or adductus of the midfoot. Her mother had both symphalangism (absence of proximal interphalangeal joints) of middle, ring, and little fingers bilaterally and fixed pes planus with a rigid fixed hindfoot—and these deformities had also been present from birth. The maternal grandmother was similarly affected. However, the neonatal subject has an unaffected older sibling; maternal siblings are also unaffected. The three affected people did not have other obvious musculoskeletal abnorm...

The impact of neonatal breast-feeding on growth trajectories of youth exposed and unexposed to diabetes in utero: the EPOCH Study

International Journal of Obesity — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: T L Crume, L G Ogden, E J Mayer-Davis, R F Hamman, J M Norris, K J Bischoff, R McDuffie & D Dabelea (Source: International Journal of Obesity)

Proportion of Parents Agreeing to Delay Fetal Karyotyping until the Third Trimester of Pregnancy in Cases with an Indication

Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 23:00:00 +0100

Fetal Diagn Ther (DOI:10.1159/000334067) (Source: Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy)

Fetoscopy and Risk of Iatrogenic Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes: Not as High as It May Seem (in Experienced Hands)

Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 23:00:00 +0100

Fetal Diagn Ther 2012;31:10–11 (DOI:10.1159/000335420) (Source: Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy)

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Elevated Temperature With Epidural Analgesia Linked to Neonatal HarmElevated Temperature With Epidural Analgesia Linked to Neonatal Harm

Medscape Today Headlines — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 21:46:00 +0100

An elevated temperature accompanying an epidural is associated with adverse neonatal outcomes, but an epidural in absence of temperature elevation is not linked to adverse neonatal outcomes. Medscape Medical News (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

Cerebral Palsy Linked With Genetic Abnormalities

Health News from Medical News Today — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 18:00:00 +0100

Researchers at Geisinger Health System have found that genetic abnormalities may be the cause for the majority of cerebral palsy (CP) cases, a group of disorders that can involve the brain and nervous system functions, such as seeing, movement, hearing, thinking, and learning, rather than a difficult birth or other perinatal factors. CP is the most prevalent physical disability of childhood. The study is published in The Lancet Neurology... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Maternal underweight status and association with preterm contractions

Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 16:06:47 +0100

Conclusion These results suggest that underweight patients are more likely to be admitted for preterm contractions compared to normal weight patients. No overweight patients were admitted for preterm contractions. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Maternal-Fetal MedicinePages 1-2DOI 10.1007/s00404-012-2234-5Authors Teresa Tam, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Resurrection Health Care/St. Joseph Hospital, 2900 N. Lakeshore Drive, Chicago, IL 60657, USAMichael Muresan, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Resurrection Health Care/St. Joseph Hospital, 2900 N. Lakeshore Drive, Chicago, IL 60657, USANeal Ipema, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Resurrection Health Care/St. Joseph Hospital, 2900 N. Lakeshore Drive, Chicago, IL 60657, USA Journa...

Sex and pregnancy: health professionals' ideas

Psicologia e Sociedade — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 08:36:33 +0100

In conclusion, some ideas of professionals on sex and pregnancy come from the career education and practice, and they propitiate well-being and gender equity, but other ideas imply daily learning and visions of the common sense of sexist biases. (Source: Psicologia e Sociedade)

Effect of closed endotracheal tube suction method, catheter size, and post‐suction recruitment during high‐frequency jet ventilation in an animal model

Pediatric Pulmonology — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

ConclusionsIn this animal model receiving HFJV, ΔPtrach, ΔEELV, and need for post‐suction recruitment during CS were most influenced by catheter size. Volume changes within the lung were uniform. Pediatr Pulmonol. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Pediatric Pulmonology)

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Hypothesis: Terminal transverse limb defects with “nubbins” represent a regenerative process during limb development in human fetuses

Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

We present affected newborn infants whose terminal transverse limb defects are at one of these three levels: proximal forearm, elbow, or metacarpal‐phalangeal joint.RESULTSWe hypothesize that the presence of residual digit‐like structures reflects a regenerative process that has occurred during limb development in these infants.DISCUSSIONOnly limited regeneration of digit‐like structures can occur in the human fetus. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology)

Neonatal testicular torsion with an unusual sonographic feature

Journal of Clinical Ultrasound — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

We present a case of testicular torsion in a newborn with increased testicular vascularity demonstrated by ultrasound and suggesting a torsion‐detorsion sequence. Management of patients with torsion involves assessing the risks of neonatal surgery versus the possibility offinding viable testicular tissue at surgical exploration. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2012 (Source: Journal of Clinical Ultrasound)

Cost of nursing staffing adequacy in a neonatal unit

Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 03:57:48 +0100

The objectives of this descriptive, quantitative study were: to identify the mean nursing care time provided and required by newborns (NB) hospitalized at the Neonatal Unit of the University of São Paulo University Hospital; to calculate the cost of the mean nursing care time provided and required, by NB; to assess the cost of the nursing staffing adequacy required to assist the NB. The mean nursing care times, provided by the nursing staff and required by NBs, were calculated using equations available in the literature and by applying the Nursing Activities Score. The costs of the mean nursing care times and to make nursing staffing adequate were calculated based on the hourly cost of nurses and nursing technicians. The financial impact of nursing staffing adequacy accounted for a 30% in...

The usefulness of neuronavigation in functional hemispherectomy

Journal of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 02:48:25 +0100

We report two cases of 5-year-old girls. The first one had a diagnosis of Rasmussens syndrome. The second one had a large porencephalic cyst secondary to perinatal cerebral ischemia. Despite trials of anticonvulsants, both patients deteriorated, and a functional hemispherectomy guided by neuronavigation was indicated and performed, with low morbidity and excellent seizure control. The neuronavigation proved to be a valuable guidance tool in performing the functional hemispherectomy, making the disconnections more accurate, and thus decreasing the surgical time and blood loss.Aplicabilidade da neuronavegação em hemisferectomia funcional As encefalopatias epilépticas catastróficas da infância compreendem condições graves que associam disfunção cerebral e crises epilépticas refrat...

Addicted at birth: Report on neonatal drug withdrawal updates best practices for identification, treatment [NEWS AND FEATURES]

AAP News — Sun, 29 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: AAP News)

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[Articles] Neonatal screening for lysosomal storage disorders: feasibility and incidence from a nationwide study in Austria

LANCET — Sat, 28 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

The combined overall proportion of infants carrying a mutation for lysosomal storage disorders was higher than expected. Neonatal screening for lysosomal storage disorders is likely to raise challenges for primary health-care providers. Furthermore, the high frequency of late-onset mutations makes lysosomal storage disorders a broad health problem beyond childhood. (Source: LANCET)

[Comment] Neonatal screening for lysosomal storage disorders

LANCET — Sat, 28 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Lysosomal storage disorders are a diverse group of more than 50 serious, progressive diseases. Until recently, treatment was symptomatic with the expected outcomes of great disability and premature death. Improvements in bone-marrow transplantation and development of recombinant enzyme replacement therapies for some of these disorders have raised the expectation that neonatal screening could enable early treatment before irreversible damage occurs. The greatly improved early outcomes of infants treated soon after birth following identification through the Taiwanese Pompe's disease screening programme add support to this contention, but long-term data are not yet available. (Source: LANCET)

The Use of Human Milk in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: Practices in Belgium and Luxembourg

Breastfeeding Medicine — Sat, 28 Jan 2012 04:04:15 +0100

Breastfeeding Medicine , Vol. 0, No. 0. (Source: Breastfeeding Medicine)

Support and Counseling After Maternal Death

Seminars in Perinatology — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 22:41:28 +0100

Teamwork, communication, critical incident debriefing, and grief counseling surrounding the events of an unexpected maternal death are important continuing education and practice topics for health care employees working with pregnant women. Social technologies have impacted health care institutions and systems. Ethical dilemmas have been created in hospitals as they develop policies and procedures regarding electronic communications and social networking Web sites. (Source: Seminars in Perinatology)

A 6-Year (2004-2009) Review of Maternal Mortality at the Eastern Regional Hospital, Koforidua, Ghana

Seminars in Perinatology — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 22:41:28 +0100

A 6-year (2004-2009) review of maternal deaths is presented to establish particular trends at the eastern regional hospital (1 of 10 regional hospitals in Ghana). There were a total of 191 maternal deaths over the period, with a total of 19,965 live births, giving a maternal mortality ratio of 957 per 100,000 live births. The main causes of maternal deaths were postpartum hemorrhage (22.5%), abortion-related causes (19.3%), hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (17.8%), and puerperal sepsis (8.9%). The study revealed that the highest number of deaths was recorded in the period following termination of pregnancy (abortion or delivery). Timely referral of patients to this hospital could help reduce preventable maternal deaths. (Source: Seminars in Perinatology)

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The Medical and Legal Aspects of Maternal Mortality

Seminars in Perinatology — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 22:41:28 +0100

Sudden unexpected changes in the life of a family create many different emotions in various family members. The death of a young woman during or after her pregnancy is especially difficult because of the strain it places on family dynamics. One of the consequences is that there is, commonly, a newborn, and perhaps other children, without a mother and caregiver. In families that relied on both parents working, there are financial hardships imposed by the death. There is the emotional void that is felt by her partner, parents, sisters, brothers, and extended family. This extreme stress leads to questions about the death that need to be addressed by the health care providers. If the anger that is part of the grieving process is not adequately resolved, healing cannot occur. It is then that th...

Perimortem Cesarean Delivery: Its Role in Maternal Mortality

Seminars in Perinatology — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 22:41:28 +0100

Since Roman times, physicians have been instructed to perform postmortem cesarean deliveries to aid in funeral rites, baptism, and in the very slim chance that a live fetus might still be within the deceased mother's womb. This procedure was disliked by physicians being called to a dying mother's bedside. As births moved to hospitals, and modern obstetrics evolved, the causes of maternal death changed from sepsis, hemorrhage, and dehydration to a greater incidence of sudden cardiac arrest from medication errors or embolism. Thus, the likelihood of delivering a viable neonate at the time of a mother's death increased. Additionally, as cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) became widespread, physicians realized that during pregnancy, with the term gravid woman lying on her back, chest compress...

Maternal Mortality Due to Trauma

Seminars in Perinatology — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 22:41:28 +0100

Maternal mortality is an important indicator of adequacy of health care in our society. Improvements in the obstetric care system as well as advances in technology have contributed to reduction in maternal mortality rates. Trauma complicates up to 7% of all pregnancies and has emerged as the leading cause of maternal mortality, becoming a significant concern for the public health system. Maternal mortality secondary to trauma can often be prevented by coordinated medical care, but it is essential that caregivers recognize the unique situation of providing simultaneous care to 2 patients who have a complex physiologic relationship. Optimal management of the pregnant trauma victim requires a multidisciplinary team, where the obstetrician plays a central role. This review focuses on the incid...

Maternal Mortality From Preeclampsia/Eclampsia

Seminars in Perinatology — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 22:41:28 +0100

Preeclampsia/eclampsia is one of the 3 leading causes of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. During the past 50 years, there has been a significant reduction in the rates of eclampsia, maternal mortality, and maternal morbidity in the developed countries. In contrast, the rates of eclampsia, maternal complications, and maternal mortality remain high in the developing countries. These differences are mainly due to universal access to prenatal care, access to timely care, and proper management of patients with preeclampsia–eclampsia in the developed countries. In contrast, most of maternal deaths and complications are due to lack of prenatal care, lack of access to hospital care, lack of resources, and inappropriate diagnosis and management of patients with preeclampsia–eclampsia...

Maternal Mortality From Hemorrhage

Seminars in Perinatology — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 22:41:28 +0100

Hemorrhage remains as one of the top 3 obstetrics related causes of maternal mortality, with most deaths occurring within 24-48 hours of delivery. Although hemorrhage related maternal mortality has declined globally, it continues to be a vexing problem. More specifically, the developing world continue to shoulder a disproportionate share of hemorrhage related deaths (99%) compared with industrialized nations (1%). Given the often preventable nature of death from hemorrhage, the cornerstone of effective mortality reduction involves risk factor identification, quick diagnosis, and timely management. In this monograph we will review the epidemiology, etiology, and preventative measures related to maternal mortality from hemorrhage. (Source: Seminars in Perinatology)

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Strategies for Reducing Maternal Mortality

Seminars in Perinatology — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 22:41:28 +0100

The maternal death rate in the United States has shown no improvement in several decades and may be increasing. On the other hand, hospital systems that have instituted comprehensive programs directed at the prevention of maternal mortality have demonstrated rates that are half of the national average. These programs have emphasized the reduction of variability in the provision of care through the use of standard protocols, reliance on checklists instead of memory for critical processes, and an approach to peer review that emphasizes systems change. In addition, elimination of a small number of repetitive errors in the management of hypertension, postpartum hemorrhage, pulmonary embolism, and cardiac disease will contribute significantly to a reduction in maternal mortality. Attention to t...

Decisions Required for Operating a Maternal Mortality Review Committee: The California Experience

Seminars in Perinatology — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 22:41:28 +0100

Maternal mortality is a current and important issue for obstetrics. The challenge is to structure case reviews so that they develop real data that can inform and direct quality improvement activities. In this article, we describe a series of decisions we have made in California to organize and run our maternal mortality review committee. These include defining the goal of the reviews, selection of cases, composition of the committee, basic review issues, and the definitions used for analysis (eg, cause of death, contributing factors, role of cesarean delivery, preventability, identifying quality improvement opportunities). It is expected that each maternal mortality review committee will have somewhat different approaches based on local resources and case mix. (Source: Seminars in Perinato...

Pregnancy-Associated Mortality Review: The Florida Experience

Seminars in Perinatology — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 22:41:28 +0100

At the beginning of the 20th century, maternal mortality was a leading cause of death for women of reproductive age in the United States. Obstetrical care was not standardized, and there was a lack of universal systems for monitoring maternal deaths. Public health efforts of surveillance, along with advances in medicine and sanitation, resulted in a significant decrease in maternal deaths by the early 1980s. Today, maternal death is considered to be a rare event; however, the rates of maternal mortality have not improved in almost 3 decades. There is growing evidence that many maternal deaths can still be prevented through enhanced surveillance that influences improvements in overall health and delivery of care. This paper describes the experience of establishing and maintaining a pregnanc...

The Role of the Maternal–Fetal Medicine Subspecialist in Review and Prevention of Maternal Deaths

Seminars in Perinatology — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 22:41:27 +0100

The maternal–fetal medicine subspecialist plays a critical role in the evaluation and management of women with obstetrical and medical comorbidities. These women have a higher risk for obstetrical morbidity, “near miss,” and maternal mortality. Maternal death surveillance is essential to understand the factors that contribute to maternal mortality. Maternal–fetal medicine subspecialists' involvement and leadership in peer review of maternal deaths can provide guidance in developing and supporting management protocols to the obstetrical community and health care facilities. (Source: Seminars in Perinatology)

Saving Mothers' Lives: The Continuing Benefits for Maternal Health From the United Kingdom (UK) Confidential Enquires Into Maternal Deaths

Seminars in Perinatology — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 22:41:27 +0100

The actions that have followed the recommendations of successive publications of the UK Confidential Enquiries into Maternal Deaths have helped save mothers' lives and reduced ill health and morbidity. Through the implementation of their recommendations, they have helped improve access to, and the quality of, the maternity care provided for all pregnant women in the United Kingdom. The enquires help review, assess, and identify the underlying remediable factors that contributed to mothers' deaths and aggregate the lessons learned to make recommendations to develop services that help overcome many of the barriers to safe, high-quality maternity care, which vulnerable women continue to face. This chapter provides a short summary of the positive contributions the successive reports on Confide...

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Maternal Mortality in the United States - Why Is It Important and What Are We Doing About It?

Seminars in Perinatology — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 22:41:27 +0100

Following dramatic reductions between the early 1900s and the early 1980s, the maternal mortality ratio began to rise, reaching a peak of almost 17 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births. Although this number pales in comparison with that found in sub-Saharan Africa and India, the troubling rise in the United States is a surrogate for medical care in general and obstetrical care in particular. Both Healthy People 2010 and the United Nations Millennium Goals were aimed at reducing maternal mortality worldwide. This presentation will review the trends in maternal mortality along with the efforts some jurisdictions, along with the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, have taken to address this obstetrical tragedy. Although maternal death is the tip of the iceberg, thousands ...

From Identification and Review to Action—Maternal Mortality Review in the United States

Seminars in Perinatology — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 22:41:27 +0100

The maternal mortality review process is an ongoing quality improvement cycle with 5 steps: identification of maternal deaths, collection of medical and other data on the events surrounding the death, review and synthesis of the data to identify potentially alterable factors, the development and implementation of interventions to decrease the risk of future deaths, and evaluation of the results. The most important step is utilization of the data to identify and implement evidence-based actions; without this step, the rest of the work will not have an impact. The review committee ideally is based in the health department of a state (or large city) as a core public health function. This provides stability for the process as well as facilitates implementation of the review committees' recomme...

Overview of Maternal Mortality in the United States

Seminars in Perinatology — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 22:41:27 +0100

Although dramatic improvements in pregnancy care and in general population health facilitated a dramatic decline in maternal mortality in the United States during the 20th century, women still die from complications of pregnancy. Moreover, rates appear to have increased during the early 21st century. This overview will provide context for understanding the problem of maternal mortality in the United States by outlining how maternal mortality rates are reported from National Vital Statistics data, and how pregnancy-related mortality ratios are reported from a national surveillance system. Trends and patterns in these deaths as well as emerging issues concerning causes of maternal deaths and the difficulty with interpreting trend data will be discussed. (Source: Seminars in Perinatology)

Introduction

Seminars in Perinatology — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 22:41:27 +0100

In 1631, Shah Jahan, emperor during the Mughal Empire's period of greatest prosperity, was grief-stricken when his third wife, Mumtaz Mahal, died during the birth of their 14th child, Gauhara Begum. Construction of the Taj Mahal began in 1632, 1 year after her death. The Shah was so grief-stricken that he built this tomb for his wife's final resting place. There are several messages here, one of which is the Taj Mahal is a “Temple of Love” for a mother who died. (Source: Seminars in Perinatology)

Topics

Seminars in Perinatology — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 22:41:27 +0100

(Source: Seminars in Perinatology)

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Seminars in Perinatology — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 22:41:27 +0100

(Source: Seminars in Perinatology)

Masthead

Seminars in Perinatology — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 22:41:27 +0100

(Source: Seminars in Perinatology)

Cover

Seminars in Perinatology — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 22:41:27 +0100

(Source: Seminars in Perinatology)

Prometheus’s heart: what lies beneath

Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 21:50:29 +0100

ConclusionsA heart attack kills off many cells in the heart. Parts of the heart become thin and fail to contract properly following the replacement of lost cells by scar tissue. However, the notion that the same adult cardiomyocytes beat throughout the lifespan of the organ and organism, without the need for a minimum turnover, gives way to a fascinating investigations. Since the late 1800s, scientists and cardiologists wanted to demonstrate that the cardiomyocytes cannot be generated after the perinatal period in human beings. This curiosity has been passed down in subsequent years and has motivated more and more accurate studies in an attempt to exclude the presence of renewed cardiomyocytes in the tissue bordering the ischaemic area, and then to confirm the dogma of the heart as termina...

Nutritional therapy and neonatal sepsis

Revista Brasileira de Terapia Intensiva — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 15:57:11 +0100

This article reviews the current understanding of enteral and parenteral nutrition therapy in preterm infants, with an emphasis on very low birth weight babies. The protective effects of nutrition therapy against neonatal sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis are discussed. Different methods of feeding preterm infants are evaluated. Special attention is given to the problems of very low birth weight babies and the protective effects of nutrition to counteract complications, especially infection. The preferential use of breast milk for enteral nutrition, the management of protein and energy offers, the use of early and minimal enteral nutrition, the early introduction of parenteral nutrition (within the first 24 hours of life) and the use of immunonutrients that are appropriately supported b...

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Professional profile of pediatric intensivists in Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil

Revista Brasileira de Terapia Intensiva — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 15:57:11 +0100

OBJETIVO: Este estudo tem como objetivo descrever o perfil sócio-demográfico e aspectos da qualificação profissional dos médicos intensivistas pediátricos do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (RJ), sudeste do Brasil. MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional, transversal e descritivo, realizado em unidades de tratamento intensivo neonatal, pediátrica e mista do RJ. Utilizou-se questionário semi-estruturado, anônimo e individual, respondido de modo voluntário pelos médicos das unidades que participaram do estudo. Foram considerados como perdas os questionários não devolvidos em 30 dias e excluídos os que tiveram menos de 75% das questões respondidas. As diferenças de formação entre intensivistas neonatais e pediátricos foram comparadas através do teste do Qui-quadrado, com nível de signifi...

Mastitis Is Associated with Increased Free Fatty Acids, Somatic Cell Count, and Interleukin-8 Concentrations in Human Milk

Breastfeeding Medicine — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 15:23:06 +0100

Breastfeeding Medicine , Vol. 0, No. 0. (Source: Breastfeeding Medicine)

High cost savings with perinatal substance abuse programme

PharmacoEconomics and Outcomes News — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 15:13:30 +0100

(Source: PharmacoEconomics and Outcomes News)

NICE issues draft guidelines for early-onset neonatal infections . . .

PharmacoEconomics and Outcomes News — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 15:13:30 +0100

(Source: PharmacoEconomics and Outcomes News)

A Radiologic Review of Common Breast Disorders in Pregnancy and the Perinatal Period

Seminars in Ultrasound CT and MRI — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 08:38:45 +0100

The imaging changes in the breast associated with pregnancy and the perinatal period may not only deviate from the baseline appearance for each patient, but may also mimic disease or confound evaluation of disease. The hormonal changes can influence a range of disorders, from benign or inflammatory changes to malignant tumors. Moreover, outcomes differ from those of similar pathologies in nonpregnant patients, owing to either physiological changes or delays in diagnosis and treatment. Ultrasonography is the preferred imaging modality for evaluation during pregnancy and lactation, as its sensitivity for carcinoma is nearly 100% (Sabate JM, Clotet M, Torrubia S, et al, 2007; Radiographics 27 suppl 1:S101-S124). Therefore, an understanding of the specific pregnancy-associated pathologies and ...

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Interobserver agreement in detailed prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease by telemedicine using four‐dimensional ultrasound with spatiotemporal image correlation

Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 08:35:19 +0100

ConclusionsIn a telemedicine setting using STIC volumes, fetal cardiac anomalies can be diagnosed correctly by an expert. However, details required for adequate counseling and planning of postnatal care may be missed. STIC by telemedicine is a promising modality, although not accurate enough for exclusive use in clinical decision making regarding treatment, prognosis or termination of pregnancy. Copyright © 2012 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (Source: Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology)

Study Compares Three Antiretroviral Regimens to Prevent Nevirapine Resistance Mutations in HIV-Infected Pregnant Women Receiving a Single Intrapartum Dose of Nevirapine

Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

“Intrapartum single-dose (SD) nevirapine (NVP) reduces perinatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection but selects for NVP-resistant virus, which compromises subsequent NVP-based therapy. A 1-week ‘tail’ of lamivudine and zidovudine after SD-NVP decreases the risk of resistance. We hypothesized that increasing the duration or potency of the tail would further reduce this risk to <10%, using a sensitive assay to measure resistance. … HIV-infected pregnant Thai women with a CD4 cell count >250 cells/μL, most receiving zidovudine, were randomized at 28-38 weeks gestation to receive 1 of 3 intrapartum and postpartum regimens: (A) zidovudine plus enteric-coated didanosine plus lopinavir and ritonavir for 7 days, (B) zidovudine plus enteri...

In vitro differentiation of human skin-derived multipotent stromal cells into putative endothelial-like cells

BMC Developmental Biology - Latest articles — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Our data is the first to demonstrate that human dermal skin stromal cells can be differentiated into endothelial lineage. Hence, SSCs represents a novel source of stem/stromal cells for tissue regeneration and the vascularization of engineered tissues. Moreover, the CD146 investigations suggested that the microenvironmental niche might contribute to direct stromal cells multipotency toward certain lineages, which warrants further investigation. (Source: BMC Developmental Biology - Latest articles)

Ovary cryopreservation and transplantation for fertility preservation

Molecular Human Reproduction — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

The aim of this review is to summarize the state-of-the-art of ovarian transplantation and cryopreservation. This field has progressed over the last half century from simple animal experiments to sophisticated application in humans. The initial poor results in humans began to improve when a series of nine monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs discordant for premature ovarian failure (POF) underwent ovary transplantation at one center. All of these fresh ovary transplants were successful, resulting in 11 healthy babies in 7 of the 9 recipients. The same surgical techniques were then applied to 3 frozen ovary tissue transplants, up to 14 years after the ovary had been frozen, resulting in 3 more healthy babies. Around the world, the number of healthy babies has now risen to 28. Even ovary allotranspla...

Changes of Positron Emission Tomography in Newborn Infants at Different Gestational Ages, and Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy

Pediatric Neurology — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 01:46:49 +0100

Abstract: Cerebral glucose metabolism was measured by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose position emission tomography in infants at different gestational ages and with neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Thirty-six preterm and term infants at different gestational ages without brain injury were divided into four subgroups: ≤32 weeks (n = 4), 33-34 weeks (n = 5), 35-36 weeks (n = 12), and ≥37 weeks (n = 15). Twenty-four newborn infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy were divided into three subgroups: mild (n = 13), moderate (n = 7), and severe (n = 4). Cerebral glucose metabolism manifested a trend toward increase, and the structure of cranial 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography images became clear with increased gestational age, especially at ≥37 weeks. Uptakes...

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Neonatal Seizures: Treatment Practices Among Term and Preterm Infants

Pediatric Neurology — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 01:46:49 +0100

Abstract: Neonatal seizures are common clinical conditions in both term and preterm neonates, yet no clinical management guidelines for direct care exist. We surveyed 193 international neurologists, neonatologists, and specialists in neonatal neurology or neonatal neurocritical care to assess management practices for seizures in preterm and term neonates. We found high reported rates of electroencephalogram and amplitude-integrated electroencephalogram (aEEG) monitoring to detect neonatal seizures, prevalent use of older anticonvulsant agents, and high rates of neuroimaging. Overall, responses were similar for term and preterm neonates. However, term neonates were likelier to be more heavily investigated, with higher use of magnetic resonance imaging and of electroencephalogram and aEEG mo...

Changing Pattern of Perinatal Brain Injury in Term Infants in Recent Years

Pediatric Neurology — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 01:46:49 +0100

Abstract: Perinatal brain injury in term infants remains a significant clinical problem. Recently a change appears to have occurred in the pattern of such injuries. We sought to characterize the incidence, etiology, clinical manifestations, and outcomes of these injuries. A retrospective chart review identified clinical characteristics of neuroimaging, electroencephalography, and placental pathologic findings. Perinatal depression was defined as hypotonia and the need for respiratory support. From January 2004-December 2009, 29,597 term deliveries occurred. Brain injuries in 33 infants (live term births) included hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (n = 8; 0.27/1000), subdural hemorrhage (n = 10; 0.34/1000), intraventricular/intraparenchymal hemorrhage (n = 5; 0.17/1000), and focal cerebral...

Novel Mutation of GLRA1 in Omani Families With Hyperekplexia and Mild Mental Retardation

Pediatric Neurology — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 01:46:49 +0100

In conclusion, a novel p.W170S mutation in the extracellular ligand binding domain of glycine receptor α1 subunit was detected in patients with hyperekplexia and mild mental retardation. (Source: Pediatric Neurology)

Tyrosine Hydroxylase Deficiency in Taiwanese Infants

Pediatric Neurology — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 01:46:49 +0100

Abstract: We analyzed the clinical manifestations, genetic mutations, treatment responses to l-dopa, and long-term neurologic outcomes in Taiwanese infants with tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency. From 1999 to May 2011, we enrolled six infants who had been diagnosed with tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency by identifying point mutations on the tyrosine hydroxylase gene. Two patients manifested fetal distress during the perinatal period. Four patients exhibited generalized tremor as their first observed neurologic sign at age 3 months. All presented brisk reflexes, hypokinesia, rigidity, distal chorea, and athetosis. We identified a novel missense mutation, I382T, and report on the first patient, to the best of our knowledge, with a homozygous R153X nonsense mutation. Five of six patients responde...

A Retrograde Tracing Study of Compensatory Corticospinal Projections in Rats with Neonatal Hemidecortication

Developmental Neuroscience — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 23:00:00 +0100

Dev Neurosci (DOI:10.1159/000335526) (Source: Developmental Neuroscience)

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Near-miss maternal mortality: cardiac dysfunction as the principal cause of obstetric intensive care unit admissions.

Obstetrics and Gynecology — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 20:43:50 +0100

CONCLUSION: : In this obstetric population, the leading reason for ICU admissions was cardiac disease. The increasing prevalence of advanced maternal age, congenital heart disease, obesity, diabetes, and hypertension among women who are of childbearing age may be contributing factors. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: : III. PMID: 22270275 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology)

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis for fetal neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia due to antihuman platelet antigen maternal antibodies.

Obstetrics and Gynecology — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 20:41:49 +0100

CONCLUSION: : In cases in which there is antihuman platelet antigen incompatibility and IVIG cannot be administered, preimplantation genetic diagnosis is a reliable alternative to enable birth of unaffected children. PMID: 22270286 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology)

Oxytocin regimen for labor augmentation, labor progression, and perinatal outcomes.

Obstetrics and Gynecology — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 20:39:59 +0100

Authors: Ferrazzi E, Paganelli A, Ragusa A PMID: 22270295 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology)

17α-Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate for the Prevention of Adverse Neonatal Outcome in Multiple Pregnancies: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Obstetrics and Gynecology — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 20:38:28 +0100

17α-Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate for the Prevention of Adverse Neonatal Outcome in Multiple Pregnancies: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Obstet Gynecol. 2012 Feb;119(2, Part 1):384-385 Authors: Oʼbrien JM PMID: 22270303 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology)

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17α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate for the prevention of adverse neonatal outcome in multiple pregnancies: a randomized controlled trial.

Obstetrics and Gynecology — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 20:38:17 +0100

17α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate for the prevention of adverse neonatal outcome in multiple pregnancies: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol. 2012 Feb;119(2 Pt 1):385-6 Authors: Lim AC, Mol BW, Schuit E, Bruinse HW PMID: 22270304 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology)

Planned home compared with planned hospital births in the Netherlands: intrapartum and early neonatal death in low-risk pregnancies.

Obstetrics and Gynecology — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 20:37:44 +0100

Planned home compared with planned hospital births in the Netherlands: intrapartum and early neonatal death in low-risk pregnancies. Obstet Gynecol. 2012 Feb;119(2 Pt 1):387 Authors: Wax JR, Pinette MG PMID: 22270307 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology)

How Can the Microbiologist Help in Diagnosing Neonatal Sepsis?

Advances in Pharmacological Sciences — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 18:56:20 +0100

Neonatal sepsis can be classified into two subtypes depending upon whether the onset of symptoms is before 72 hours of life (early-onset neonatal sepsis—EONS) or later (late-onset neonatal sepsis—LONS). These definitions have contributed greatly to diagnosis and treatment by identifying which microorganisms are likely to be responsible for sepsis during these periods and the expected outcomes of infection. This paper focuses on the tools that microbiologist can offer to diagnose and eventually prevent neonatal sepsis. Here, we discuss the advantages and limitation of the blood culture, the actual gold standard for sepsis diagnosis. In addition, we examine the utility of molecular techniques in the diagnosis and management of neonatal sepsis. (Source: Advances in Pharmacological...

Early Antiretrovirals Boost Immune Response in HIV InfantsEarly Antiretrovirals Boost Immune Response in HIV Infants

Medscape Hiv-Aids Headlines — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 18:39:34 +0100

Infants with perinatal HIV infection should start antiretroviral (ART) therapy before three months of age, European researchers say. Reuters Health Information (Source: Medscape Hiv-Aids Headlines)

Caspase-3 mediates apoptosis of striatal cells in GA I rat model

Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology -- Medical Sciences -- — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 16:50:07 +0100

Summary In previous study, glutaric acid (GA) induced apoptosis of primary striatal neuron in vitro. In order to investigate the neurotoxic effects of GA on neonatal rat corpus striatum and the possible mechanism, 34 male pups were randomly assigned to NS group, low dose GA (LGA, 5 μmol GA/g body weight) group and high dose GA (HGA, 10 μmol GA/g body weight) group. These pups were subcutaneously administered with three injections from postnatal day 3 to 22 at 7:30 am, 15:00 pm and 22:30 pm and killed 12 h after the last injection. Microscopic pathology in corpus striatum was evaluated by HE staining. The apoptotic cells were identified by TUNEL staining. The transcript levels of caspase-3, 8, 9, Bax, Bcl-2 were detected by using real-time PCR and the protein levels of pro...

The Parental Brain

Karger Publishers — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 15:55:28 +0100

Perinatal Influence on Mental Health (ISBN: 978-3-8055-9980-1) (Source: Karger Publishers)

Assessment of Right Ventricular Function in Targeted Neonatal Echocardiography: Reply to Letter by Dr. Koestenberger and Dr. Ravekes

Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 14:17:37 +0100

We thank Drs. Koestenberger and Ravekes for their very valuable comments on our recently published guidelines on targeted neonatal echocardiography. As stated in the guidelines, we indeed recommended the use of quantitative measurements in the assessment of right ventricular function. At the time of the publication of the guidelines, no good reference values for tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion or systolic tissue Doppler velocities were available for neonates and preterm infants. The recent contributions by Dr. Koestenberger’s group fill this gap, as they have published excellent reference data based on a large group of normal term and preterm infants. The availability of Z scores for tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion and systolic tissue Doppler velocities provides u...

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Amnioinfusion for potential or suspected umbilical cord compression in labour.

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: The use of amnioinfusion for potential or suspected umbilical cord compression may be of considerable benefit to mother and baby by reducing the occurrence of variable FHR decelerations, improving short-term measures of neonatal outcome, reducing maternal postpartum endometritis and lowering the use of caesarean section, although there were methodological limitations to the trials reviewed here. In addition, the trials are too small to address the possibility of rare but serious maternal adverse effects of amnioinfusion. More research is needed to confirm the findings, assess longer-term measures of fetal outcome, and to assess the impact on caesarean section rates when the diagnosis of fetal distress is more stringent. Trials should assess amnioinfusion in specific clinical s...

Positive end expiratory pressure for preterm infants requiring conventional mechanical ventilation for respiratory distress syndrome or bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: There is insufficient evidence to guide selection of appropriate PEEP levels for RDS or CMV. There is a need for well designed clinical trials evaluating the optimal application of this important and frequently applied intervention. PMID: 22258957 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews)

Prophylactic phototherapy for preventing jaundice in preterm or low birth weight infants.

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Prophylactic phototherapy helps to maintain a lower serum bilirubin concentration and may have an effect on the rate of exchange transfusion and the risk of neurodevelopmental impairment. However, further well-designed studies are needed to determine the efficacy and safety of prophylactic phototherapy on long-term outcomes including neurodevelopmental outcomes. PMID: 22258977 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews)

Intracutaneous or subcutaneous sterile water injection compared with blinded controls for pain management in labour.

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: The outcomes reported severely limit conclusions for clinical practice. We found little robust evidence that sterile water is effective for low back or any other labour pain. Neither did we find any difference in delivery or other maternal or fetal outcomes. Further large, methodologically rigorous studies are required to determine the efficacy of sterile water to relieve pain in labour. PMID: 22258999 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews)

Reduced Ipsilesional Cortical Volumes in Fetal Periventricular Venous Infarction.

Stroke — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Ipsilesional GM volume is diminished in PVI. Speculative mechanisms include retrograde neuronal degeneration and disrupted migration. Neuropsychological testing of larger samples is required to determine clinical significance. PMID: 22282891 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Stroke)

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Inspiratory Muscle Training in a Chronically Ventilated Anoxic Newborn.

Physical Therapy — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

DISCUSSION:/b>This case report describes respiratory muscle training using a linear pressure load device to successfully wean an infant from mechanical ventilation. However, further well-controlled clinical trials are necessary to better understand the effects of this intervention on neonatal respiratory muscles. PMID: 22282768 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Physical Therapy)

Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Factors in Escherichia coli from Swedish Dairy Calves

Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Antimicrobial resistance was common in E. coli from pre-weaned dairy calves, occurring particularly in calves from herds experiencing calf diarrhea problems. The results indicate that more factors than use of antimicrobials influence the epidemiology of resistant E. coli.Enteropathogenic E. coli seems to be an uncommon cause of neonatal calf diarrhea in Swedish dairy herds. In practice, calf diarrhea should be regarded holistically in a context of infectious agents, calf immunity, management practices etc. We therefore advice against routine antimicrobial treatment and recommend that bacteriological cultures, followed by testing for antimicrobial susceptibility and for virulence factors, are used to guide decisions on such treatment. (Source: Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica)

Birth region, race and sex may affect the prevalence of congenital diaphragmatic hernia, abdominal wall and neural tube defects among US newborns

Journal of Perinatology — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: M A Mohamed & H Aly (Source: Journal of Perinatology)

Feasibility of implementing pulse oximetry screening for congenital heart disease in a community hospital

Journal of Perinatology — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: E A Bradshaw, S Cuzzi, S C Kiernan, N Nagel, J A Becker & G R Martin (Source: Journal of Perinatology)

Causes of neonatal and maternal deaths in Dhaka slums: Implications for service delivery

BMC Public Health - Latest articles — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Delivery at a health facility with child assessment within a day of delivery and appropriate treatment could reduce neonatal deaths. Maternal mortality is unlikely to reduce without delivering at facilities with basic Emergency Obstetric Care (EOC) and arrangements for timely referral to EOC. There is a need for a comprehensive package of services that includes control of infectious diseases during pregnancy, EOC and adequate after delivery care. (Source: BMC Public Health - Latest articles)

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AAV-mediated gene transfer in the perinatal period results in expression of FVII at levels that protect against fatal spontaneous hemorrhage

Blood — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

We explored adeno-associated viral vector (AAV)–mediated gene transfer in the perinatal period in animal models of severe congenital factor VII (FVII) deficiency, a disease associated with early postnatal life-threatening hemorrhage. In young adult mice with plasma FVII < 1% of normal, a single tail vein administration of AAV (1 x 1013 vector genomes [vg]/kg) resulted in expression of murine FVII at 266% ± 34% of normal for ≥ 67 days, which mediated protection against fatal hemorrhage and significantly improved survival. Codon optimization of human FVII (hFVIIcoop) improved AAV transgene expression by 37-fold compared with the wild-type hFVII cDNA. In adult macaques, a single peripheral vein injection of 2 x 1011 vg/kg of the hFVIIcoop AAV vector resulted in therapeutic ...

Neonatal Purpura Fulminans Due to Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Pediatric Dermatology — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Neonatal purpura fulminans is rare and may be inherited or acquired. It may ultimately lead to multiorgan failure and death. Purpura fulminans in a premature neonate resulting from Staphylococcus aureus septicemia is illustrated. Unfortunately, the baby succumbed to septicemia. (Source: Pediatric Dermatology)

Neonatal Lupus Erythematosus Mimicking Extensive Capillary Malformation

Pediatric Dermatology — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

We report a 7‐month‐old boy with cutaneous involvement of neonatal lupus erythematosus mimicking an extensive capillary malformation. (Source: Pediatric Dermatology)

Neonatal Screening of Sickle Cell Anemia: A Preliminary Report

Indian Journal of Pediatrics — Wed, 25 Jan 2012 18:13:21 +0100

Conclusions Early detection of sickle cell disease (SS) done by neonatal screening will help in early prevention and management of complications in postnatal period. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-4DOI 10.1007/s12098-011-0682-8Authors Sumanta Panigrahi, Department of Pediatrics, Pt. J.N.M. Medical College and Dr. B.R.A.M. Hospital, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, IndiaPredeep Kumar Patra, Department of Biochemistry, Pt. J.N.M. Medical College, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, IndiaPrafulla Kumar Khodiar, Department of Biochemistry, Pt. J.N.M. Medical College, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India Journal Indian Journal of PediatricsOnline ISSN 0973-7693Print ISSN 0019-5456 (Source: Indian Journal of Pediatrics)

New NICU space will provide more beds and increase access

Alberta.ca from- Health and Wellness — Wed, 25 Jan 2012 15:00:00 +0100

Up to 14 new neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) beds will be added at the Alberta Children’s Hospital to help meet the growing needs for these services in Calgary and southern Alberta. (Source: Alberta.ca from- Health and Wellness)

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Neighborhood Inequalities in Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in an Urban Setting in Spain: A Multilevel Approach

Journal of Urban Health — Wed, 25 Jan 2012 06:54:08 +0100

Abstract The aim of the present study was to describe socioeconomic inequalities in low birth weight (LBW), premature birth (PM) and small size for gestational age at birth (SGA) between 2000 and 2005 in Barcelona, Spain, jointly evaluating the effect of mother’s country of origin, and neighborhood of residence socioeconomic level measured using unemployment and educational level. We performed a cross-sectional study of births to mothers aged 12–49 years who were residents in the city of Barcelona in 2000–2005, analyzing adverse pregnancy outcomes (n = 61,676). Weighted multilevel logistic regression models were fitted with individual data on level 1 and neighborhood data on level 2, to obtain adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals and resid...

[Stent implantation in recoarctation of aorta in infant.]

Kardiologia Polska — Wed, 25 Jan 2012 06:54:02 +0100

We present the case of a 12 month-old infant with critical coarctaion of aorta, arch hypoplasia, atrial and ventricular septal defects who underwent interventional treatment with stent implantation due to recoarctation of aorta. In neonatal period the patient went through complete surgical correction. At the age of four months balloon angioplasty of recurrent coractation was conducted. Eight months later the patient was hospitalised with heart failure (HF) symptoms. Clinical and echographic examination confirmed critical stenosis of aortic isthmus. We performed heart catheterisation with stent implantation to transverse and descending arch with immediate reduction of gradient from 45 mm Hg to 0 mm Hg, widening of the isthmus from 2 to 8 mm and gradual regression of HF symptoms. At 3 years ...

Development Aggravates the Severity of Skeletal Muscle Catabolism Induced by Endotoxemia in Neonatal Pigs.

Wed, 25 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Orellana RA, Suryawan A, Wilson FA, Gazzaneo MC, Fiorotto ML, Nguyen HV, Davis TA Abstract Accretion rates of muscle protein are elevated in normal neonates but this anabolic drive decreases with maturation. As this change occurs, it is not known whether development also influences muscle protein catabolism induced by sepsis. We hypothesize that protein degradation in skeletal muscle induced by endotoxemia becomes more severe as the neonate develops. Fasted 7- and 26-d-old pigs were infused for 8 h with LPS (lipopolysaccharide, 0 and 10 µg•kg(-1)•h(-1)) while plasma amino acids (AA), 3-methylhistidine (3-MH), and α-actin concentrations and muscle protein degradation signal activation were determined (n=5-7/group/age). Plasma full length α-actin was greater in 7- tha...

Development of synaptic connectivity onto interneurons in stratum radiatum in the CA1 region of the rat hippocampus

BMC Neuroscience - Latest articles — Wed, 25 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The results presented here confirm that glutamate and GABA synaptic connectivity develop very differently in the hippocampal CA1 region. Thus, whereas average GABA connectivity is multiple throughout the development, glutamate connectivity is unitary early in development. Our results further suggest that the development of glutamate synaptic connectivity differs markedly between pyramidal cells and GABAergic interneurons in stratum radiatum, such that a given presynaptic glutamatergic cell appears not allowed to increase its connectivity onto the postsynaptic stratum radiatum interneuron, as it may do onto the postsynaptic CA1 pyramidal cell. (Source: BMC Neuroscience - Latest articles)

Clinical and neurocognitive outcome in symptomatic isovaleric acidemia

Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases — Wed, 25 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Within the group of "classical" organic acidurias, IVA appears to be exceptional considering its milder neuropathologic implications. The potential to avoid neonatal mortality and to improve neurologic and cognitive outcome under early treatment reinforces IVA to be qualified for newborn screening. (Source: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases)

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Evaluation of two devices for point-of-care testing of haemoglobin in neonatal pigs

Laboratory Animals — Wed, 25 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

In veterinary medicine, point-of-care testing (POCT) techniques have become popular, since they provide immediate results and only small amounts of blood are needed. However, their accuracy is controversial. Pigs are often used for research purposes and accurate measurement of haemoglobin (Hb) is important during invasive procedures. The aim of this study was to evaluate two different Hb POCT devices in neonatal pigs. A prospective study with 57 pigs of 3–6 weeks of age, weighing 4.1–6.2 kg (median 5.1 kg) was performed. Fifty-seven blood samples were analysed for Hb using a conductivity-based and a photometrical POCT device and compared with a photometrical reference method. Statistical analysis was performed with Bland–Altman analysis, Spearman correlation and Passing&n...

End‐of‐life: Death and dying in neonatal intensive care units – A North American perspective

Acta Paediatrica — Wed, 25 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: Acta Paediatrica)

Treatment outcomes in HIV-infected adolescents attending a community-based antiretroviral therapy clinic in South Africa.

BMC Infectious Diseases — Wed, 25 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Background: Very few data are available on treatment outcomes of adolescents living with HIV infection (whether perinatally acquired or sexually acquired) in sub-Saharan Africa. The present study therefore compared the treatment outcomes in adolescents with those of young adults at a public sector community-based ART programme in Cape Town, South Africa. Methods: Treatment outcomes of adolescents (9-19 years) were compared with those of young adults (20-28 years), enrolled in a prospective cohort between September 2002 and June 2009. Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess outcomes and determine associations with age, while adjusting for potential confounders. The treatment outcomes were mortality, loss to follow-up (LTFU), immunological response, viro...

Network activity and spike discharge oscillations in cortical slice cultures from neonatal rat

European Journal of Neuroscience — Wed, 25 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractNetwork bursts and oscillations are forms of spontaneous activity in cortical circuits that have been described in vivo and in vitro. Searching for mechanisms involved in their generation, we investigated the collective network activity and spike discharge oscillations in cortical slice cultures of neonatal rats, combining multielectrode arrays with patch clamp recordings from individual neurons. The majority of these cultures showed spontaneous collective network activity [population bursts (PBs)] that could be described as neuronal avalanches. The largest of these PBs were followed by fast spike discharge oscillations in the beta to theta range, and sometimes additional repetitive PBs, together forming seizure‐like episodes. During such episodes, all neurons showed sustained de...

Accelerated Growth Rate Induced by Neonatal High-Protein Milk Formula Is Not Supported by Increased Tissue Protein Synthesis in Low-Birth-Weight Piglets

International Journal of Photoenergy — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 18:18:57 +0100

In conclusion, accelerated growth rate caused by high protein formula and antibiotics was not supported by increased protein synthesis in muscle and carcass. (Source: International Journal of Photoenergy)

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Functional Echocardiographic Assessment of Myocardial Performance in Anemic Premature Infants: A Pilot Study

Pediatric Cardiology — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 18:09:39 +0100

In this study, 32 anemic premature infants had serial echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular (LV) systolic performance, LV preload, and afterload immediately before, within 48 h, and up to 120 h after the transfusion of pRBCs. Pretransfusional evaluations also were compared with similar assessments of 71 nonanemic inpatient premature infants analogous for sex, gestational age at birth, and postnatal age. Left ventricular systolic performance was estimated from fractional shortening, LV output, and LV myocardial performance index (LVMPI). The LV preload was estimated from the LV end-diastolic dimension and the ratio of left atrium-to-aortic root dimension (LA/Ao ratio). The LV afterload was estimated from end-systolic wall stress. The LVMPI was found to decrease wi...

Court-visited obstetrical and fertility procedures

Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 07:34:52 +0100

Conclusions Court-ordered obstetrical procedures present an unsettled legal forum in terms of their complex interplay. The awareness of legal precedent can alert providers to possibility of an exception to the general presumption that the mother is competent, where it might trigger a legal or ethical council. Screening inventories (covering maternal–fetal attachment, judgmental fitness, prior obstetrical history, perinatal risk, formal/informal social support) jointly developed by the health providers and lawyers would assist involved parties in resolving complex situations without resorting to legal conflicts. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Maternal-Fetal MedicinePages 1-9DOI 10.1007/s00404-012-2216-7Authors Naira Roland Matevosyan, Open Medical Institute...

c-kit/CD 117 positive cells in the myometrium of pregnant women and those with uterine endometriosis

Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 07:34:51 +0100

Conclusions The lowest count of CD 117-positive cells was seen in the myometrium of pregnant women suggesting a role of preventing premature uterine contractility. There is no increase of CD 117-positive cells in the myometrium of women affected by uterine endometriosis. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory General GynecologyPages 1-3DOI 10.1007/s00404-012-2220-yAuthors L.-C. Horn, Division of Breast, Gynecologic & Perinatal Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 26, Leipzig, 04103 GermanyA. Meinel, Division of Breast, Gynecologic & Perinatal Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 26, Leipzig, 04103 GermanyB. Hentschel, Institute of Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzi...

Ultrasound mass screening for congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract

Pediatric Nephrology — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 07:27:24 +0100

Conclusion Ultrasound has been effective for early detection of renal and urinary tract anomalies. In addition, this screening has proved to be very useful for the early identification and management of both renal and extra-renal precancerous as well as cancerous lesions. However, most patients requiring surgery in this study (0.24%) would probably have been symptomatic and come to medical attention without routine screening. On the basis of our results screening is not justified. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-5DOI 10.1007/s00467-011-2098-0Authors Vito Antonio Caiulo, Neonatal Nephrology Study Group, Italian Society of Neonatology, Piazza Angeli 3, 72100 Brindisi, ItalySilvana Caiulo, School of Medicine, San Raffaele University, Milan...

Porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus: a comprehensive review of molecular epidemiology, diagnosis, and vaccines

Virus Genes — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 07:16:23 +0100

Abstract The porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV), a member of the Coronaviridae family, causes acute diarrhoea and dehydration in pigs. Although it was first identified in Europe, it has become increasingly problematic in many Asian countries, including Korea, China, Japan, the Philippines, and Thailand. The economic impacts of the PEDV are substantial, given that it results in significant morbidity and mortality in neonatal piglets and is associated with increased costs related to vaccination and disinfection. Recently, progress has been made in understanding the molecular epidemiology of PEDV, thereby leading to the development of new vaccines. In the current review, we first describe the molecular and genetic characteristics of the PEDV. Then we discuss its molecula...

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Transient expression of the calcitonin receptor by enteric neurons of the embryonic and early post-natal mouse

Cell and Tissue Research — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 07:15:57 +0100

Abstract Calcitonin receptor-immunoreactivity (CTR-ir) was found in enteric neurons of the mouse gastrointestinal tract from embryonic day 13.5 (E13.5) to post-natal day 28 (P28). CTR-ir occurred in cell bodies in ganglia of the myenteric plexus extending from the esophagus to the colon and in nerve cells of the submucosal ganglia of the small and large intestines. CTR-ir was also found in vagal nerve trunks and mesenteric nerves. Counts in the ileal myenteric plexus revealed CTR-ir in 80% of neurons. CTR-ir was clearly evident in the cell bodies of enteric neurons by E15.5. The immunoreactivity reached maximum intensity between P1.5 and P12 but was weaker at P18 and barely detectable at P28. The receptor was detected in nerve processes in the intestine for only a brief pe...

Impairment of cellular immunity is associated with overexpression of heat shock protein 70 in neonatal pigs with intrauterine growth retardation.

Cell Stress and Chaperones — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, IUGR impairs immune functions in neonatal pigs. An inefficient immunity in IUGR piglets is associated with overexpression of Hsp70, which impairs NF-κB signaling and upregulates FoxO3a expression. PMID: 22270614 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cell Stress and Chaperones)

Pseudoamniotic Band Syndrome: A rare complication of monochorionic triplets with twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome

Prenatal Diagnosis — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: Prenatal Diagnosis)

Effect of placenta penetration during cordocentesis at mid‐pregnancy on fetal outcomes

Prenatal Diagnosis — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

ConclusionCordocentesis with placenta penetration carries a higher risk for fetal loss, preterm birth, and low birth weight. This information may be helpful in prenatal diagnosis counseling, and it may encourage performers to avoid placenta penetration, if possible. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (Source: Prenatal Diagnosis)