MedWorm: Psychiatry Research

Preschool language profiles of children at family risk of dyslexia: continuities with specific language impairment

Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry — Tue, 18 Jun 2013 04:00:00 +0100

ConclusionsWe have highlighted the early overlap between family risk of dyslexia and SLI. A family history of dyslexia carries an increased risk for SLI and the two disorders both show an increased incidence of phonological deficits which appear to a proximal risk factor for developing a reading impairment. (Source: Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry)

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The autism brain imaging data exchange: towards a large-scale evaluation of the intrinsic brain architecture in autism

Molecular Psychiatry — Tue, 18 Jun 2013 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: A Di Martino, C-G Yan, Q Li, E Denio, F X Castellanos, K Alaerts, J S Anderson, M Assaf, S Y Bookheimer, M Dapretto, B Deen, S Delmonte, I Dinstein, B Ertl-Wagner, D A Fair, L Gallagher, D P Kennedy, C L Keown, C Keysers, J E Lainhart, C Lord, B Luna, V Menon, N J Minshew, C S Monk, S Mueller, R-A Müller, M B Nebel, J T Nigg, K O'Hearn, K A Pelphrey, S J Peltier, J D Rudie, S Sunaert, M Thioux, J M Tyszka, L Q Uddin, J S Verhoeven, N Wenderoth, J L Wiggins, S H Mostofsky & M P Milham (Source: Molecular Psychiatry)

Transient exposure of neonatal mice to neuregulin-1 results in hyperdopaminergic states in adulthood: implication in neurodevelopmental hypothesis for schizophrenia

Molecular Psychiatry — Tue, 18 Jun 2013 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: T Kato, Y Abe, H Sotoyama, A Kakita, R Kominami, S Hirokawa, M Ozaki, H Takahashi & H Nawa (Source: Molecular Psychiatry)

Frequency and relevance of psychoeducation in psychiatric diagnoses: Results of two surveys five years apart in German-speaking European countries

BMC Psychiatry - Latest articles — Tue, 18 Jun 2013 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Psychoeducation for patients is considered relevant and offered frequently in German-speaking countries, however, mostly only for schizophrenia and depression. The ranking of the perceived relevance of different treatment options suggests that the evidence base is not considered crucial for determining their relevance. (Source: BMC Psychiatry - Latest articles)

Understanding psychiatric institutionalization: a conceptual review

BMC Psychiatry - Latest articles — Tue, 18 Jun 2013 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The concept of institutionalization in psychiatry reflects four distinct themes. All themes have some relevance for the contemporary debate on how psychiatric care should develop and on the role of institutional care in psychiatry. (Source: BMC Psychiatry - Latest articles)

Contents continued

Comprehensive Psychiatry — Mon, 17 Jun 2013 16:55:49 +0100

(Source: Comprehensive Psychiatry)

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Comprehensive Psychiatry — Mon, 17 Jun 2013 16:55:49 +0100

(Source: Comprehensive Psychiatry)

Editorial Board

Comprehensive Psychiatry — Mon, 17 Jun 2013 16:55:49 +0100

(Source: Comprehensive Psychiatry)

Information for Contributors

Comprehensive Psychiatry — Mon, 17 Jun 2013 16:55:49 +0100

(Source: Comprehensive Psychiatry)

Masthead

Comprehensive Psychiatry — Mon, 17 Jun 2013 16:55:45 +0100

(Source: Comprehensive Psychiatry)

No effect of acute tryptophan depletion on phosphodiesterase inhibition–related improvements of short‐term object memory in male Wistar rats

Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica — Mon, 17 Jun 2013 16:53:34 +0100

ConclusionChanges in 5‐HT neurotransmitter activity might be excluded as a potential underlying mechanism of the previously reported ability of PDE inhibitors to improve short‐term object memory in rats. It is suggested that a decrease in cerebral blood flow potentially underlies ATD‐induced object memory deficits, most likely due to decrease in NO synthesis. (Source: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica)

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Antidepressants and the risk of suicide in young persons – prescription trends and toxicological analyses

Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica — Mon, 17 Jun 2013 04:00:00 +0100

ConclusionThis study provides further support for the hypothesis that the warning, contrary to its intention, may have increased young suicides by leaving a number of suicidal young persons without treatment with antidepressants. (Source: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica)

The potential role of electroconvulsive therapy in the ‘Iron Triangle’ of pediatric catatonia, autism, and psychosis

Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica — Mon, 17 Jun 2013 04:00:00 +0100

(Source: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica)

The placebo effect in clinical practice. By Walter A. Brown. Published by Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 2013. 177 pp., Hardback, £30.00. ISBN: 978‐0‐19‐993385‐3

Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica — Mon, 17 Jun 2013 04:00:00 +0100

(Source: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica)

Mental Health Weekly — Mon, 17 Jun 2013 04:00:00 +0100

Abstract Teamwork between Police, MH Field Creates Model Crisis Response in Houston Offenders with Mental Illness May Find Treatment Support through Medicaid NAMI‐NYC, Managed Care Pilot to Assist Consumers with MI USPRA Name Change Fuels Mission to Promote Recovery New HUD Guidance to Help Providers Support Olmstead Efforts State News Call for Applications Coming up (Source: Mental Health Weekly)

Correction: Differences between children and adolescents who commit suicide and their peers: A psychological autopsy of suicide victims compared to accident victims and a community sample

Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health — Mon, 17 Jun 2013 04:00:00 +0100

No description available (Source: Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health)

Attitudes of patients and clinicians in relation to the at‐risk state for psychosis

Early Intervention in Psychiatry — Mon, 17 Jun 2013 04:00:00 +0100

ConclusionsFurther systematic studies of patient and professional preferences, in relation to identification and intervention, are desirable in order to explore the way that the HR denotation is personally interpreted and the extent to which it affects patient and practitioner behaviour. (Source: Early Intervention in Psychiatry)

Audit of discharges from a regional service in the United Kingdom

Early Intervention in Psychiatry — Mon, 17 Jun 2013 04:00:00 +0100

ConclusionsThis paper details outcomes of every patient seen by an EI service since inception, providing valuable benchmarking information for those involved in management of similar services, service redevelopment, commissioning, and implementation of evidence‐based practice. The proportion of service users in education, training or employment after discharge exceeded expectations considerably. (Source: Early Intervention in Psychiatry)

Young people's views of UK mental health services

Early Intervention in Psychiatry — Mon, 17 Jun 2013 04:00:00 +0100

ConclusionsYoung people have consistent views of the positive and negative aspects of mental health services, which could be helpfully incorporated in the design of services. The views of some groups of young people have not been well represented, however, and the views of minority ethnic groups and those who have disengaged from services in particular need to be actively sought. (Source: Early Intervention in Psychiatry)

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Prospective study of the course of delusional themes in first‐episode non‐affective psychosis

Early Intervention in Psychiatry — Mon, 17 Jun 2013 04:00:00 +0100

ConclusionsThe predominant delusional theme at the time of first treatment contact was seen to be only of some predictive value to the predominant delusional theme at the later follow‐up points in patients with first‐episode non‐affective psychosis. This stresses the importance of a systematic assessment of different delusional themes in the continued monitoring of early signs of psychotic relapse and at each psychotic episode. (Source: Early Intervention in Psychiatry)

Perceived discrimination in those at clinical high risk for psychosis

Early Intervention in Psychiatry — Mon, 17 Jun 2013 04:00:00 +0100

ConclusionsThese results suggest that individuals at CHR for psychosis endorse a higher level of perceived discrimination, which is associated with increased negative schemas, but not attenuated positive symptoms. (Source: Early Intervention in Psychiatry)

Variation in duration of untreated psychosis in an 18‐year perspective

Early Intervention in Psychiatry — Mon, 17 Jun 2013 04:00:00 +0100

ConclusionsEarly detection campaigns should have a stable focus and high intensity level. Future research should further elucidate pathways to care in order to establish principal targets for information campaigns. (Source: Early Intervention in Psychiatry)

Putting television's portrayal of schizophrenia into reverse: an evaluation of the impact on public opinion

Early Intervention in Psychiatry — Mon, 17 Jun 2013 04:00:00 +0100

ConclusionIt is possible to use television dramas to educate the public about mental illnesses. Piloting of the educational material may offer an opportunity to refine the storyline so that the relevant messages are clearly communicated. (Source: Early Intervention in Psychiatry)

Delivering Perinatal Psychiatric Services in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Acta Paediatrica — Mon, 17 Jun 2013 04:00:00 +0100

ConclusionOverall, on‐site psychiatric services have been accepted by a majority of referred NICU mothers, and most did not require long‐term treatment. A considerable need exists for psychiatric services in the NICU to promote optimal parenting and interactions.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: Acta Paediatrica)

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Perspectives on reasons for non-adherence to medication in persons with schizophrenia in Ethiopia: a qualitative study of patients, caregivers and health workers

BMC Psychiatry - Latest articles — Mon, 17 Jun 2013 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: This study identifies additional barriers to medication adherence faced by persons with schizophrenia in Ethiopia compared to those in high-income countries. In this era of scaling up of mental health care, greater attention to provision of social and financial assistance will potentially improve adherence and thereby enable patients to benefit more fully from medication. (Source: BMC Psychiatry - Latest articles)

Multiple clock drawing scoring systems: simpler is better

International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry — Sat, 15 Jun 2013 22:16:33 +0100

ConclusionsIn comparing scoring systems, no system emerged as consistently superior in terms of predictive validity. The authors conclude that when scoring the CDT as a screening instrument in a primary/general medicine/community setting, simpler is better, and perhaps qualitative assessment of “normal” versus “abnormal” may be sufficient for screening purposes and the establishment of a baseline for follow‐up. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (Source: International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry)

Failure to find association between childhood abuse and cognition in first-episode psychosis patients.

Journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists — Sat, 15 Jun 2013 16:56:41 +0100

This study investigated the relationship between severe childhood abuse and cognitive functions in first-episode psychosis patients and geographically-matched controls. Reports of any abuse were associated with lower scores in the executive function domain in the control group. However, in contrast with our hypothesis, no relationships were found amongst cases. PMID: 23764407 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists)

Working memory dysfunction in schizophrenia patients with obsessive-compulsive symptoms: An fMRI study.

Journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists — Sat, 15 Jun 2013 16:56:41 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Schizo-obsessive patients do not differ from their non-OCD schizophrenia counterparts in brain activation patterns during the N-back WM task. Cognitive paradigms taping alternative neural networks (e.g., orbitofrontal cortex) particularly relevant to OCD, are warranted in the search for potential distinctive brain activation patterns of the schizo-obsessive subgroup. PMID: 23764406 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists)

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Mental health literacy about depression and schizophrenia among adolescents in Sweden.

Journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists — Sat, 15 Jun 2013 16:56:41 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: There are relatively low levels of MHL among teenagers in Sweden. Awareness campaigns and the implementation of psychoeducation in the school curriculum could increase MHL in this group. PMID: 23764405 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists)

Toward sound objective evaluation of clinical measures.

The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry — Sat, 15 Jun 2013 16:56:36 +0100

Authors: Kraemer HC Abstract The quality of all clinical decision-making, as well as power and precision in clinical research results, depends fundamentally on the quality of the measures used. Yet evaluations of the quality of clinical measures likely to be used either in clinic or research applications are difficult to execute or to critique because the criteria for judging such studies are so ill-defined. Here a set of guidelines is proposed, modeled on CONSORT guidelines for randomized clinical trials, first defining the terms often inconsistently used in the research literature and then identifying certain errors that seem to recur in evaluation studies. PMID: 23764524 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry)

Reply

Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica — Sat, 15 Jun 2013 16:53:35 +0100

(Source: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica)

Delusions of parasitosis: Ethical and clinical considerations

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology — Sat, 15 Jun 2013 16:23:00 +0100

A 55-year-old female patient with delusions of parasitosis presents to the dermatology office for follow-up. Despite numerous biopsies and blood work, there is no evidence of parasitic infestation or other primary disease. Her symptoms have waxed and waned, but she is now experiencing a severe flare. Desperate, she asks about using “industrial-strength insecticides” hoping to be cured. On examination, multiple superficial erosions suggest excoriation as the primary process, with some overlying crusts, erythema, and tenderness suggestive of secondary infection. Although you have recommended psychiatric consultation, the patient has refused, asking, “Why would I go to a psychiatrist for a skin infection when you can do another biopsy or give me a medication?” (Source: Journal of the ...

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Changes in adherence and treatment costs following initiation of oral or depot typical antipsychotics among previously non‐adherent patients with schizophrenia

Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental — Sat, 15 Jun 2013 04:00:00 +0100

ConclusionsDepot formulations of typical antipsychotics appeared to improve medication adherence and reduce treatment costs, compared with oral formulations, in the treatment of non‐adherent patients. Limitation: adherence was assessed by the treating psychiatrist using a single‐item. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (Source: Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental)

Feasibility, reliability and validity of a questionnaire on healthcare consumption and productivity loss in patients with a psychiatric disorder (TiC-P)

BMC Health Services Research — Sat, 15 Jun 2013 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The results indicate that the TiC-P is a feasible and reliable instrument for collecting data on medical consumption and productivity losses in patients with mild to moderate mental health problems. Additionally, the construct validity of questions related to contacts with psychotherapist and long-term absence from work was satisfactory. (Source: BMC Health Services Research)

Manic-like psychosis associated with elevated trough tacrolimus blood concentrations 17 years after kidney transplant.

Case Reports in Psychiatry — Fri, 14 Jun 2013 16:56:43 +0100

We report the case of a 46-year-old man with no prior psychiatric history who suddenly manifested manic-like psychosis associated with elevated trough tacrolimus blood concentrations 17 years after kidney transplant. The use of antipsychotics may improve the severity of symptoms; but in order to obtain a complete remission, the reduction in the dose of tacrolimus, or its replacement with alternative immunosuppressant therapies, is recommended. PMID: 23762723 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Case Reports in Psychiatry)

Successful ziprasidone monotherapy in a case of delusional parasitosis: a one-year followup.

Case Reports in Psychiatry — Fri, 14 Jun 2013 16:56:43 +0100

Authors: De Berardis D, Serroni N, Marini S, Rapini G, Valchera A, Fornaro M, Mazza M, Iasevoli F, Martinotti G, Di Giannantonio M Abstract Delusional parasitosis is characterized by the false idea that own body is infested by invisible mites, insects, or other parasites. This case report describes a 24-year-old woman with delusional parasitosis who was treated with ziprasidone monotherapy (120 mg/day) with a complete remission of delusion and followed for one year without symptom recurrences. These findings, although preliminary, indicate that further investigation of ziprasidone monotherapy for the treatment of delusional parasitosis is warranted in further trials. PMID: 23762722 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Case Reports in Psychiatry)

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A Novel Study of Comorbidity between Schizoaffective Disorder and Geschwind Syndrome.

Case Reports in Psychiatry — Fri, 14 Jun 2013 16:56:43 +0100

Authors: O'Connell K, Keaveney J, Paul R Abstract Geschwind syndrome has been described in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and is characterized by sexual behavioural disorders, hyperreligiosity, hypergraphia, and viscosity. Presented here is a case of a 53-year-old man with clinical findings consistent with Geschwind syndrome in the setting of a known diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder, with no identifiable comorbid illness of temporal lobe epilepsy or frontotemporal dementia. Brain MRI showed bilateral temporal lobe atrophy greater than would be expected for age and more prominent on the left side than the right. It is likely that these structural abnormalities may be related to this patient's clinical presentation of Geschwind syndrome. To our knowledge, this is the first...

Glossopharyngeal Dystonia Secondary to a Lurasidone-Fluoxetine CYP-3A4 Interaction.

Case Reports in Psychiatry — Fri, 14 Jun 2013 16:56:43 +0100

Authors: Paul S, Cooke BK, Nguyen M Abstract Acute dystonic reactions are becoming much less prevalent in clinical practice due to the use of newer antipsychotics. Drug-drug interactions, patient characteristics, and environmental and genetic factors all contribute to the rate of occurrence of acute dystonia with second generation agents. In this case, we report a glossopharyngeal dystonia secondary to a lurasidone-fluoxetine CYP-3A4 interaction to highlight the importance of maintaining an index of suspicion for laryngeal dystonia, a potentially fatal dystonia. PMID: 23762720 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Case Reports in Psychiatry)

Efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy for comorbid frontotemporal dementia with bipolar disorder.

Case Reports in Psychiatry — Fri, 14 Jun 2013 16:56:43 +0100

Authors: Paul S, Goetz J, Bennett J, Korah T Abstract Challenges encountered in the diagnosis and treatment of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are further confounded when presented with comorbid psychiatric disorder. Here we report a case of progressive FTD in a patient with a long history of bipolar affective disorder (BAD) 1, depressed type. We also report beneficial effects of electroconvulsive therapy and its potential application in similar comorbid disorders. PMID: 23762719 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Case Reports in Psychiatry)

Old Worries and New Anxieties: Behavioral Symptoms and Mild Cognitive Impairment in a Population Study.

The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry — Fri, 14 Jun 2013 16:56:40 +0100

CONCLUSION: In this population-based sample, subgroups with different anxiety and depression profiles had different relationships with cognitive and functional definitions of MCI. Anxiety, depression, and MCI are all multidimensional entities, interacting in complex ways that may shed light on underlying neural mechanisms. PMID: 23759435 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry)

Associations Between Vascular Risk and Mood in Euthymic Older Adults: Preliminary Findings.

The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry — Fri, 14 Jun 2013 16:56:40 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Vascular risk was associated with endorsement of depressive symptoms in euthymic older adults. However, the patterns of associations with the two depression scales are distinct and may reflect both differences in administration and item characteristics. A limitation of this study was the exclusion of individuals with subclinical depression, leading to a restricted range on depression scales; future studies should include a full population sample to more fully explore low mood in late-life. PMID: 23759292 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry)

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Personality and Cognitive Decline in the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area Follow-up Study.

The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry — Fri, 14 Jun 2013 16:56:40 +0100

CONCLUSION: Findings suggest that greater Neuroticism is associated with decline, and greater Conscientiousness is associated with improvement in performance on measures of general cognitive function and memory in adults. Further studies are needed to determine the extent to which personality traits in midlife are associated with clinically significant cognitive outcomes in older adults, such as mild cognitive impairment and dementia, and to identify potential mediators of the association between personality and cognitive trajectories. PMID: 23759291 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry)

Improving the Cost-Effectiveness of a Healthcare System for Depressive Disorders by Implementing Telemedicine: A Health Economic Modeling Study.

The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry — Fri, 14 Jun 2013 16:56:40 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: For a healthcare system for depressive disorders to remain economically sustainable, its cost-benefit ratio needs to be improved. Offering preventive telemedicine at a large scale is likely to introduce such an improvement. PMID: 23759290 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry)

The CERAD Neuropsychological Assessment Battery Total Score Detects and Predicts Alzheimer Disease Dementia with High Diagnostic Accuracy.

The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry — Fri, 14 Jun 2013 16:56:40 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: The cross-sectional results confirm that the CTS is a highly accurate diagnostic tool for detecting AD dementia in elderly primary care patients. In addition, we provide evidence that the CTS is also accurate for the prediction of incident AD dementia. These findings further support the validity of the CTS as an index of overall cognitive functioning for detection and prediction of AD dementia. PMID: 23759289 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry)

The Brown University Psychopharmacology Update — Fri, 14 Jun 2013 16:55:24 +0100

Abstract Unique dosing strategy, outcome goals unveil possible alcohol treatment with nalmefene Rejection of Probuphine by FDA: Adequate dosing a key concern Sertraline‐duloxetine combination may be linked to gynecomastia Varenicline outperforms in smoking cessation, with few adverse events Methylphenidate appears effective for apathy in Alzheimer's Haloperidol has faster onset vs. atypicals High‐dose D‐cycloserine promising for treatment‐resistant depression Levomilnacipran SR effective for major depressive disorder 5‐HT1A partial agonists as adjunctive therapy for schizophrenia Antipsychotic augmentation for treatment‐resistant OCD Tropisetron added to risperidone for schizophrenia Approvals (Source: The Brown University Psychopharmacology Update)

An unusual case of smothering by a medical nebulizer

Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine — Fri, 14 Jun 2013 06:15:17 +0100

Abstract: The following report describes an unusual case of smothering by a medical nebulizer of a psychiatric in-patient and discusses the manner of death. A 43-year-old man, with previous medical history of paranoia was hospitalized at a psychiatric department because of a suicide attempt. He was found dead by the medical staff in the seclusion room. The patient is known suffering from asthma attacks treated by Ventoline® spray. Autopsy findings showed a ventoline's nebulizer impacting within the pharynx and in the upper part of oesophagus. These findings were compatible with a death by smothering. Smothering is an uncommon cause of suicide and is particularly observed in psychiatric patient. Suicidal death is established by the study of the circumstances and autopsy finding. This paper...

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Multiple stabbing in sex-related homicides

Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine — Fri, 14 Jun 2013 06:15:15 +0100

This study tries to establish whether such homicides are essentially related to the sexual motives of the murderer. This paper is conducted through a retrospective autopsy study that includes 766 cases of homicides. These were reviewed and analysed according to the motive of the homicide, as well as by method, age, and gender of the victim, and the relationship between the victim and the assailant. The motives of homicides are classified as non-sexual and sexual, including homicides related to rape, jealousy, amorous affairs outside of an established relationship, deviant sexual behaviour of psychiatric patients, paraphilia, and disturbed emotional relationships between the victim and the assailant. Cases include both hetero- and homosexual relationships. Multiple stabbing occurs significa...

Emergency department visits by patients with mental health disorders - north Carolina, 2008-2010.

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... — Fri, 14 Jun 2013 04:00:00 +0100

This report describes the results of that analysis, which indicated that nearly 10% of ED visits had one or more MHD-DCs assigned to the visit and the rate of MHD-DC-related ED visits increased seven times as much as the overall rate of ED visits in North Carolina during the study period. Those with an MHD-DC were admitted to the hospital from the ED more than twice as often as those without MHD-DCs. Stress, anxiety, and depression were diagnosed in 61% of MHD-DC-related ED visits. The annual rate of MHD-DC-related ED visits for those aged ≥65 years was nearly twice the rate of those aged 25-64 years; half of those aged ≥65 years with MHD-DCs were admitted to the hospital from the ED. Mental health is an important component of public health (4). Surveillance is needed to describe trend...

Lay Abstract

Autism Research — Fri, 14 Jun 2013 04:00:00 +0100

(Source: Autism Research)

International Society for Autism Research News

Autism Research — Fri, 14 Jun 2013 04:00:00 +0100

(Source: Autism Research)

Antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia

Progress in Neurology and Psychiatry — Fri, 14 Jun 2013 04:00:00 +0100

Abstract In the first of a new series of updated articles on the major psychiatric drug groups, produced in association with the College of Mental Health Pharmacy (www.cmhp.org.uk), Caroline Parker summarises the use of antipsychotics through a review of the clinical literature. Pharmacology, interactions and side‐effects as well as drug choice and information to give to patients are discussed. (Source: Progress in Neurology and Psychiatry)

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Polydipsia with water intoxication in treatment‐resistant schizophrenia

Progress in Neurology and Psychiatry — Fri, 14 Jun 2013 04:00:00 +0100

Abstract Primary polydipsia affects a significant proportion of patients with chronic schizophrenia and is associated with the use of conventional antipsychotics and acute relapse. This case report describes a man with treatment‐resistant paranoid schizophrenia who developed hyponatraemia as a consequence of drinking copious volumes of water following his admission to hospital due to an acute relapse of schizophrenia. (Source: Progress in Neurology and Psychiatry)

Providing neurology services in primary care

Progress in Neurology and Psychiatry — Fri, 14 Jun 2013 04:00:00 +0100

Abstract Neurology as a collective entity needs to brand itself more successfully. This was the main take‐home message of the latest Primary Care Neurology Society (P‐CNS) conference ‘Providing Neurology Services in Primary Care’, held at Woburn House in London in April. (Source: Progress in Neurology and Psychiatry)

Characteristics and duration of mania: implications for continuation treatment

Progress in Neurology and Psychiatry — Fri, 14 Jun 2013 04:00:00 +0100

Abstract In the continuation phase of treatment for acute mania, knowledge of the natural duration of an untreated episode and the recognition of mixed states are key issues. Steve Titmarsh reports on Professor Allan Young's lecture on this important topic given at a satellite symposium organised by Lundbeck at the 12th Latest Advances in Psychiatry meeting in London in March. (Source: Progress in Neurology and Psychiatry)

Continuation therapy for mania: a survey of psychiatrists' current practice

Progress in Neurology and Psychiatry — Fri, 14 Jun 2013 04:00:00 +0100

This report summarises the main findings of the survey. (Source: Progress in Neurology and Psychiatry)

Beyond seizures: understanding cognitive deficits in epilepsy

Progress in Neurology and Psychiatry — Fri, 14 Jun 2013 04:00:00 +0100

Abstract Cognitive impairment can pose lifelong problems for people with epilepsy. However, researchers are now beginning to understand the nature of these impairments, which may ultimately lead to new management approaches. Mark Greener reports. (Source: Progress in Neurology and Psychiatry)

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Digest

Progress in Neurology and Psychiatry — Fri, 14 Jun 2013 04:00:00 +0100

Abstract The fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM‐5) has now been released by the American Psychiatric Association after more than a decade of development. Several new disorders have been added to the new edition, including binge eating disorder, disruptive mood dysregulation disorder and hoarding disorder. The bereavement exclusion of DSM‐IV has also been removed from the diagnosis of major depressive disorder. (Source: Progress in Neurology and Psychiatry)

Healing the Social Self: How Parents Whose Children Were Killed in Terror Attacks Construct the Experience of Help.

Community Mental Health Journal — Fri, 14 Jun 2013 04:00:00 +0100

This study focuses on expressed needs and structures of assistance received by Israeli parents whose children were killed in terror attacks. The loss takes place within a multi-systemic network that can be a healing force and/or a distorting factor in the grief process. The qualitative research paradigm employed privileges the knowledge of the parents themselves. In-depth interviews were conducted with 16 parents. (1) The primary criterion that determines the parents' attribution of helpfulness is perceived inclusiveness. (2) The subsystem of "family of the bereaved" is salient in the healing process. (3) There is a clear preference for the services provided by NGO's as opposed to governmental agencies. (4) The bereaved parents engage the symbolic level of the macro-system-the heritage of ...

Pathways to Assignment of Payees.

Community Mental Health Journal — Fri, 14 Jun 2013 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Rosen MI, Ablondi K, Black AC, Serowik KL, Rowe M Abstract How clients come to be assigned representative payees and/or conservators to manage their funds is not well understood. We compared clients assigned a payee during a clinical trial of a money management-based intervention to those not assigned payees and examined antecedents to payee assignment. One year after randomization, significantly more clients assigned to the advisor teller money manager (ATM) money management intervention were assigned payees than participants in the control condition (10 of 47 vs. 2 of 43; p = .02); those assigned payees had lower baseline GAF scores and participated more in study therapies. Several ATM clients were assigned payees after third parties paid more attention to clients' fin...

Risk of Future Offense Among Probationers with Co-occurring Substance Use and Mental Health Disorders.

Community Mental Health Journal — Fri, 14 Jun 2013 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Balyakina E, Mann C, Ellison M, Sivernell R, Fulda KG, Sarai SK, Cardarelli R Abstract The criminal justice system is the primary service delivery system for many adults with drug and alcohol dependence, mental health, and other health service needs. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between risk of future offense, mental health status and co-occurring disorders in a large substance abuse diversion probationer population. A purposive sample of 2,077 probationers completed an assessment to screen for mental health disorders, substance use disorders, risk of future crime and violence, and several demographic characteristics. Probationers who screened positive for co-occurring substance use and mental health disorders were significantly more likely to ...

A novel method of assessing quality of postgraduate psychiatry training: experiences from a large training programme

BMC Medical Education — Fri, 14 Jun 2013 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: This in-depth examination of the quality of training on a large psychiatry training programme successfully elicited strengths and weakness of our programme. Such an interview scheme could be easily implemented in smaller schemes and may well provide important information to allow for targeted improvement of training. Additionally, trends in quality of training and job satisfaction amongst various psychiatric specialities were identified; specifically speciality posts and liaison posts in psychiatry were revealed to be the most popular with trainees. (Source: BMC Medical Education)

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Many more reasons behind difficulties in recruiting patients to randomized controlled trials in psychiatry.

Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences — Thu, 13 Jun 2013 16:57:09 +0100

Authors: Adams CE PMID: 23756268 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences)

Editorial Board

Psychoneuroendocrinology — Thu, 13 Jun 2013 16:56:27 +0100

(Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology)

Methodological issues in a peer‐taught family education program on mental illness

Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica — Thu, 13 Jun 2013 16:53:33 +0100

(Source: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica)

Extreme therapy: Inside a hospital for dangerous minds

New Scientist - Health — Thu, 13 Jun 2013 11:54:31 +0100

Helen Thomson meets murderers in Broadmoor high-security psychiatric hospital and learns how neuroscience is directing their treatment (Source: New Scientist - Health)

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Bridging the gap: using farms to enhance social inclusion of people with chronic mental disorders

Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica — Thu, 13 Jun 2013 04:00:00 +0100

(Source: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica)

Promoting recovery-oriented practice in mental health services: a quasi-experimental mixed-methods study

BMC Psychiatry - Latest articles — Thu, 13 Jun 2013 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Training can provide an important mechanism for instigating change in promoting recovery-orientated practice. However, the challenge of systemically implementing recovery approaches requires further consideration of the conceptual elements of recovery, its measurement, and maximising and demonstrating organizational commitment. (Source: BMC Psychiatry - Latest articles)

Heart rate changes during electroconvulsive therapy

Annals of General Psychiatry — Thu, 13 Jun 2013 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: A significant independent effect of stimulus electrode positioning on cardiac action was evident only in the initial phase of the seizures. Electrical stimulation rather than the seizure causes the initial heart rate increase in BF treatments. The data reveal no rationale for setting the stimulus doses as a function of intraictal peak heart rates ('benchmark method'). The marked decline in heart rate at the end of most seizures is probably mediated by a baroreceptor reflex. (Source: Annals of General Psychiatry)

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Gender Differences in Lifetime Alcohol Dependence: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions

Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research — Thu, 13 Jun 2013 04:00:00 +0100

ConclusionsThere are important gender differences in the psychiatric comorbidities, risk factors, clinical characteristics, and treatment‐utilization patterns among individuals with lifetime AD. (Source: Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research)

Adverse drug reactions reported by consumers for nervous system medications in Europe 2007 to 2011

BMC Clinical Pharmacology — Thu, 13 Jun 2013 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The majority of ADRs from nervous system mediations reported by consumers that were identified from the EudraVigilance database were serious. The value of consumer reports in pharmacovigilance still remains unclarified. (Source: BMC Clinical Pharmacology)

Acute gastric dilatation in a young woman

Emergency Medicine Journal — Thu, 13 Jun 2013 04:00:00 +0100

Case A 28-year-old woman presented with no history of psychiatric disorder or major systemic disease. She had abdominal distension with vomiting after a large meal in an ‘all you can eat’ restaurant. The abdomen plain film and CT demonstrated severe distension of stomach in entire abdominal pelvic cavity (figure 1). Conservative treatment with nasal gastric tube drainage was initiated, and 8 h later, her condition improved after 3 litres of food materials were drained. The following upper gastrointestinal series showed the stomach was in a smaller size than 2 days ago. The push enteroscopy showed neither narrowing nor stricture of the small intestine. After 6 months follow-up, there is no abdominal discomfort or gastric problems. Although our patient had no anorexia nervosa, sh...

Cost‐effectiveness of a stepped care programme to prevent depression and anxiety in residents in homes for the older people: a randomised controlled trial

International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry — Thu, 13 Jun 2013 04:00:00 +0100

ConclusionA stepped care programme to prevent depression and anxiety in older people living in elderly homes was not considered cost‐effective in comparison with usual care. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (Source: International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry)

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Changing Stigma Through a Consumer-Based Stigma Reduction Program.

Community Mental Health Journal — Thu, 13 Jun 2013 04:00:00 +0100

This study assessed the Anti-Stigma Project workshop, a contact/education intervention developed by On Our Own of Maryland, Inc. and the Maryland Mental Hygiene Administration. Two separate randomized controlled trials administered pre- and post-test questionnaire assessments. One included people with mental illness (N = 127) and a second included mental health providers (N = 131). Post-intervention, people with mental illness were more aware of stigma, had lower levels of prejudice, and increased belief in recovery. Providers were more aware of stigma, had lower levels of prejudice, and increased concurrence in self-determination of people with mental illness. Increasing providers' stigma awareness and recognition can promote higher quality service delivery. Increasing stigma awarenes...

Posthaemorrhagic ventricular dilatation: when should we intervene?

Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition — Thu, 13 Jun 2013 04:00:00 +0100

Germinal matrix haemorrhage–intraventricular haemorrhage (GMH–IVH) remains a common neurological complication of preterm birth, occurring in about 10–20% of preterm infants with a gestational age (GA) below 30 weeks and is predictive of an adverse neurological outcome.1 About 30–50% of infants with a large IVH develop posthaemorrhagic ventricular dilatation (PHVD) and around 20–40% of infants with a severe GMH–IVH will consequently need a permanent ventriculo-peritoneal shunt.1 2 The presence of associated white matter injury, due to either a unilateral parenchymal haemorrhage or a more diffuse bilateral white matter damage, and development of PHVD increase the risk of an adverse neurodevelopmental outcome. Around 45–60% of infants with PHVD h...

Gut microbiota in preterm infants: assessment and relevance to health and disease

Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition — Thu, 13 Jun 2013 04:00:00 +0100

Background In adults the microbial community of the gut (microbiota) influences a diverse range of health outcomes from obesity, diabetes, asthma and allergy to seemingly ‘remote’ diseases like Parkinson's disease.1 In preterm infants, establishment of the gut microbiota is also of importance for key morbidities like late onset sepsis (LOS) and necrotising enterocolitis (NEC), both significant causes of mortality.2 Many episodes of LOS are with gut derived organisms3 and changes in the intestinal barrier contribute to both LOS and NEC. The gut microbiota are key to developing barrier function, integrity, and mucosal and systemic immune function. They also ‘educate’ the gut associated lymphoid tissue, allowing the establishment of a ‘tolerant’ state betwe...

Screening for congenital hypothyroidism in newborns transferred to neonatal intensive care

Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition — Thu, 13 Jun 2013 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Primary TSH testing programmes that do not incorporate serial screening may fail to identify approximately half of newborns with congenital thyroid hormone deficiency transferred to the NICU. Tandem T4 and TSH testing programmes also likely miss cases who otherwise would receive treatment if serial testing were conducted. Further research is necessary to determine the optimal newborn screening protocol for CH; strategies combining tandem T4 and TSH with serial testing conditional on birthweight may be useful. (Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition)

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Anticonvulsant treatment of asphyxiated newborns under hypothermia with lidocaine: efficacy, safety and dosing

Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition — Thu, 13 Jun 2013 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Lidocaine can be assumed to be an effective antiepileptic drug during hypothermia in asphyxiated neonates. (Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition)

Fetal diagnosis of left ventricular tumour with pericardial extension persisting into childhood

Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition — Thu, 13 Jun 2013 04:00:00 +0100

We present an unusual case. At 23-week routine screening, a male fetus presented with a cardiac mass. Fetal echocardiography demonstrated a left ventricular tumour (19.8x6.9 mm) (movie 1) with unusual pericardial extension (9.6x4.3 mm), normal cardiac function and rhythm. Rhabdomyoma was diagnosed with imaging of multiple, smaller intramyocardial tumours at 25 weeks. Parents were informed about tuberous sclerosis (TS) risk. At 32 weeks fetal brain MRI revealed multiple small tubers. At birth, cardiovascular and neurological examinations were unremarkable. The LV tumour had enlarged (57x30 mm; pericardial extension 35x13 mm) approaching the mitral and aortic valves with additional right ventricle and subaortic... (Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition)

Silencing a noisy goitre sans scalpel

Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition — Thu, 13 Jun 2013 04:00:00 +0100

A term male baby weighing 2.6 kg born by spontaneous vaginal delivery was noted to have a large neck swelling and respiratory distress. Antenatal ultrasonography had revealed a large thyroid swelling encasing the trachea but not extending into the mediastinum or causing obstruction. The mother was clinically euthyroid and was not on any drugs. On examination, he had severe stridor and tachypnoea and required oxygen by nasal prongs. His neck was hyperextended due to the presence of a soft, large trilobed mass occupying the anterior and lateral aspects of the neck (figure 1). No bruit was audible over the mass. The location, shape and movement with deglutition suggested a diagnosis of congenital goitre. The other systemic examination was normal and no other anomalies were noted. Hearing...

Memory Loss during Menopause

Scientific American - Official RSS Feed — Wed, 12 Jun 2013 19:00:08 +0100

(Source: Scientific American - Official RSS Feed)

Gender differences in intimate partner violence and psychiatric disorders in England: results from the 2007 adult psychiatric morbidity survey.

Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences — Wed, 12 Jun 2013 16:56:27 +0100

Conclusions. The high prevalence of experiences of partner violence, and strength of the association with every disorder assessed, suggests enquiry about partner violence is important in identifying a potential risk and maintenance factor for psychiatric disorders, and to ascertain safety, particularly in women as they are at greatest risk of being victims of violence. PMID: 23745799 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences)

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Real Life Psychiatric/Psychosocial Rehabilitation (PSR): A First Person Account

Current Psychiatry Reviews — Wed, 12 Jun 2013 16:55:45 +0100

(Source: Current Psychiatry Reviews)

Introduction to Psychiatric/Psychosocial Rehabilitation (PSR): History and Foundations

Current Psychiatry Reviews — Wed, 12 Jun 2013 16:55:45 +0100

(Source: Current Psychiatry Reviews)

Psychiatric/Psychosocial Rehabilitation (PSR) in Relation to Residential Environments: Housing and Homelessness

Current Psychiatry Reviews — Wed, 12 Jun 2013 16:55:45 +0100

(Source: Current Psychiatry Reviews)

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Psychiatric/Psychosocial Rehabilitation (PSR) in Relation to Vocational and Educational Environments: Work and Learning

Current Psychiatry Reviews — Wed, 12 Jun 2013 16:55:45 +0100

(Source: Current Psychiatry Reviews)

Psychiatric/Psychosocial Rehabilitation (PSR) in Relation to Social and Leisure Environments: Friends and Recreation

Current Psychiatry Reviews — Wed, 12 Jun 2013 16:55:45 +0100

(Source: Current Psychiatry Reviews)

Psychiatric Rehabilitation Pertaining to Health Care Environments: Facilitating Skills and Supports of People with Mental Illness in Relation to their Mental and Physical Health Care

Current Psychiatry Reviews — Wed, 12 Jun 2013 16:55:45 +0100

(Source: Current Psychiatry Reviews)

Psychiatric/Psychosocial Rehabilitation (PSR) Education: Academic and Professional

Current Psychiatry Reviews — Wed, 12 Jun 2013 16:55:45 +0100

(Source: Current Psychiatry Reviews)

Maintenance treatment with quetiapine when combined with either lithium or divalproex in bipolar i disorder: analysis of two large randomized, placebo‐controlled trials

Depression and Anxiety — Wed, 12 Jun 2013 04:00:00 +0100

ConclusionsIn patients with bipolar I disorder previously stabilized on quetiapine and lithium or divalproex, maintenance therapy with quetiapine significantly increased the time to recurrence of a mood event (mania or depression) versus placebo, regardless of whether it was combined with lithium or divalproex. (Source: Depression and Anxiety)

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Understanding heterogeneity in ptsd: fear, dysphoria, and distress

Depression and Anxiety — Wed, 12 Jun 2013 04:00:00 +0100

Fear, dysphoria, and distress are prominent components in the conceptualization of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, because our diagnostic categories are open concepts, relying on observed patterns of symptoms for classification, it is unclear whether these components represent core or auxiliary features of the disorder. Convergence across multiple indices is critical for this understanding. In this paper, we examine these components of PTSD across observed symptom patterns, broader theoretical conceptualizations, underlying information processing mechanisms of attention and memory, and underlying learning and neurobiological mechanisms. For each, evidence for similarity or distinctiveness of PTSD with other anxiety disorders and depression is examined. Throughout the review,...

EDITORIAL (Hot Topic Psychiatric/Psychosocial Rehabilitation (PSR))

Current Psychiatry Reviews — Wed, 12 Jun 2013 04:00:00 +0100

(Source: Current Psychiatry Reviews)

Epidemiology of suicide in bipolar disorders: a systematic review of the literature

Bipolar Disorders — Wed, 12 Jun 2013 04:00:00 +0100

ConclusionSpecial attention should be given to the characteristics of suicides in patients with BD. Better insight and understanding of suicide and suicidal risk in this very disabling illness should ultimately help clinicians to adequately detect, and thus prevent, suicidal acts in patients with BD. (Source: Bipolar Disorders)

Effectiveness of low‐dose milnacipran for a patient suffering from pain disorder with delusional disorder (somatic type) in the orofacial region

Psychogeriatrics — Wed, 12 Jun 2013 04:00:00 +0100

Abstract Glossodynia is chronic pain localized around the tongue, with no perceivable organic abnormalities. In the fields of oral and maxillofacial surgery, it is categorized as an oral psychosomatic disease. In contrast, psychiatric nosology classifies glossodynia as a pain disorder among somatoform disorders, per the DSM‐IV. The patient was a 71‐year‐old woman who developed symptoms of glossodynia, specifically a sore tongue. In the decade before she presented to us, she had had bizarre symptoms of oral cenesthopathy such as the sensation that her teeth had become ‘limp and floppy’ and that she needles in her mouth. Treatment was attempted using several psychotropic drugs, but no satisfactory response was noted. Because the patient was referred to our outpatient clinic, we tri...

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Prospective Relationship Between Obsessive-Compulsive and Depressive Symptoms During Multimodal Treatment in Pediatric Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.

Child Psychiatry and Human Development — Wed, 12 Jun 2013 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Meyer JM, McNamara JP, Reid AM, Storch EA, Geffken GR, Mason DM, Murphy TK, Bussing R Abstract The present study examined the prospective relationship between obsessive-compulsive and depressive symptoms during a multimodal treatment study involving youth with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Participants included fifty-six youth, aged 7-17 years (M = 12.16 years) who were enrolled in a two-site randomized controlled pharmacological and cognitive behavioral therapy treatment trial. Obsessive-compulsive severity was measured using the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale, and depressive symptoms were rated using the Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised. Multi-level modeling analyses indicated that, on average over the course of treatment, variable ...

A Novel Translational Assay of Response Inhibition and Impulsivity: Effects of Prefrontal Cortex Lesions, Drugs Used in ADHD, and Serotonin 2C Receptor Antagonism

Neuropsychopharmacology — Wed, 12 Jun 2013 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Trevor Humby, Jessica B Eddy, Mark A Good, Amy C Reichelt & Lawrence S Wilkinson Keywords: 5-HT2C receptor antagonism; ADHD; animal models; biological psychiatry; impulsivity; neuropharmacology; serotonin; stop-signal reaction time; translation (Source: Neuropsychopharmacology)

Influence of Alcohol Use on Neural Response to Go/No-Go Task in College Drinkers

Neuropsychopharmacology — Wed, 12 Jun 2013 04:00:00 +0100

Influence of Alcohol Use on Neural Response to Go/No-Go Task in College Drinkers Neuropsychopharmacology advance online publication, June 12 2013. doi:10.1038/npp.2013.119 Authors: Aral Ahmadi, Godfrey D Pearlson, Shashwath A Meda, Alecia Dager, Marc N Potenza, Rivkah Rosen, Carol S Austad, Sarah A Raskin, Carolyn R Fallahi, Howard Tennen, Rebecca M Wood & Michael C Stevens Keywords: addiction & substance abuse; alcohol & alcoholism; alcoholism; psychiatry & behavioral sciences; psychopharmacology (Source: Neuropsychopharmacology)

Hippocampal Network Connectivity and Activation Differentiates Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder From Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Neuropsychopharmacology — Wed, 12 Jun 2013 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Ashley C Chen & Amit Etkin Keywords: anxiety; biological psychiatry; connectivity; default-mode network; hippocampus; imaging; clinical or preclinical; mood/anxiety/stress disorders; Neuroanatomy; PTSD; resting state (Source: Neuropsychopharmacology)

Evidence for Shared Genetic Risk Between Methamphetamine-Induced Psychosis and Schizophrenia

Neuropsychopharmacology — Wed, 12 Jun 2013 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Masashi Ikeda, Yuko Okahisa, Branko Aleksic, Mujun Won, Naoki Kondo, Nobuya Naruse, Kumi Aoyama-Uehara, Ichiro Sora, Masaomi Iyo, Ryota Hashimoto, Yoshiya Kawamura, Nao Nishida, Taku Miyagawa, Masatoshi Takeda, Tsukasa Sasaki, Katsushi Tokunaga, Norio Ozaki, Hiroshi Ujike & Nakao Iwata Keywords: addiction & substance abuse; biological psychiatry; genome-wide association study; methamphetamine; Neurogenetics; polygenic component; schizophrenia; schizophrenia/Antipsychotics; substance-induced psychosis (Source: Neuropsychopharmacology)

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Exploring the Relationship Between Treatment Satisfaction, Perceived Improvements in Functioning and Well-Being and Gambling Harm Reduction Among Clients of Pathological Gambling Treatment Programs.

Community Mental Health Journal — Wed, 12 Jun 2013 04:00:00 +0100

The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between treatment service quality, perceived improvement in social, functional, and material well-being and reduction in gambling behaviors among clients of Nevada state-funded pathological gambling treatment programs. Utilizing survey data from 361 clients from 2009 to 2010, analyses revealed that client satisfaction with treatment services is positively associated with perceived improvements in social, functional, and material well-being, abstinence from gambling, reduction in gambling thoughts and reduction in problems associated with gambling, even after controlling for various respondent characteristics. These findings can be useful to treatment program staff in managing program development and allocating resources. PMID...

Impact of Mental Health Training on Village Health Workers Regarding Clinical Depression in Rural India.

Community Mental Health Journal — Wed, 12 Jun 2013 04:00:00 +0100

This study evaluated knowledge, attitude, and behavior of VHWs regarding depression. Cluster sampling was used including all 36 VHWs trained in mental health. Among these, 24 were available and willing to participate in the study. Five FGDs were conducted among 24 VHWs, and the results were analyzed qualitatively. Four out of five groups were able to diagnose the presented case correctly as depression. VHWs were able to identify many symptoms and to suggest management options for depression. They showed supportive and empathetic attitudes towards depressed patients. VHWs are likely to be useful at identifying and assisting people with depression in the communities with lack of adequate resources provided they receive ongoing training and supervision. PMID: 23756724 [PubMed - as supplie...

Burdens and Psychological Health of Family Caregivers of People with Schizophrenia in Two Chinese Metropolitan Cities: Hong Kong and Guangzhou.

Community Mental Health Journal — Wed, 12 Jun 2013 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Cw Lam P, Ng P, Tori C Abstract Family members charged with the care of those suffering from schizophrenia experience considerable stress due to their multiple responsibilities. Research regarding the burdens of caregiving is scant in Hong Kong and China. The present study quantified the association of the duties of caregivers with mental health symptoms in two Asian cities having distinct health care systems (i.e., Hong Kong and Guangzhou, China). Thirty nine caregivers in Hong Kong and 70 caregivers in Guangzhou were recruited from nongovernmental mental health organizations. They were assessed using the Chinese version of the Involvement Evaluation Questionnaire and the General Health Questionnaire. While the Guangzhou family caregivers had a significantly higher burden...

Proposal for a Short Version of the Beck Hopelessness Scale Based on a National Representative Survey in Hungary.

Community Mental Health Journal — Wed, 12 Jun 2013 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Perczel Forintos D, Rózsa S, Pilling J, Kopp M Abstract In our study we assessed the frequency of reported hopelessness and suicide attempts in the national representative survey Hungarostudy 2002. The randomly selected sample consisted of 14,000 individuals over the age of 18. We created a short version of the widely used Beck Hopelessness Scale for screening purposes in suicide prevention. The short version of the BHS consists of four items and has high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.85). Moreover, we conducted an investigation into psychological, somatic, sociological and socio-economic as well as cultural variables that show a positive or negative correlation with hopelessness and important predictors of suicide. The following psychological variables sho...

Factorial Structure of the Spanish Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scales in HIV Patients.

Community Mental Health Journal — Wed, 12 Jun 2013 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Privado J, Garrido J Abstract The factor structure of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) (Radloff in Appl Psychol Meas 1(3):385-401, 1977) was examined in two independent samples of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients. The first sample, composed of HIV patients undergoing hospital follow-up, was used to explore the factor structure of the CES-D. The second sample, composed of HIV patients confined in prison, was used to confirm the factor structure previously found. In both samples the best structure accounting for data was three 1st-order factors with a general 2nd-order factor of depression. We found a strong factorial invariance of this structure across samples, pointing out a high consistency of results in HIV patients. Additionally...

Facilitating Other-Awareness in Low-Functioning Children with Autism and Typically-Developing Preschoolers Using Dual-Control Technology.

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders — Wed, 12 Jun 2013 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Holt S, Yuill N Abstract Children with autism are said to lack other-awareness, which restricts their opportunities for peer collaboration. We assessed other-awareness in non-verbal children with autism and typically-developing preschoolers collaborating on a shared computerised picture-sorting task. The studies compared a novel interface, designed to support other-awareness, with a standard interface, with adult and peer partners. The autism group showed no active other-awareness using the standard interface, but revealed clear active other-awareness using the supportive interface. Both groups displayed more other-awareness with the technology than without and also when collaborating with a peer than with an adult partner. We argue that children with autism possess latent...

The effects of prenatal stress on alpha4 beta2 and alpha7 hippocampal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor levels in adult offspring

Journal of Neurobiology — Tue, 11 Jun 2013 17:22:36 +0100

Abstract Prenatal stress in humans is associated with psychiatric problems in offspring such as anxiety, depression, and schizophrenia. These same illnesses are also associated with neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) dysfunction. Despite the known associations between prenatal stress exposure and offspring mental illness, and between mental illness and nAChR dysfunction, it is not known whether prenatal stress exposure impacts neuronal nAChRs. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that maternal stress alters the development of hippocampal alpha4 beta2 (α4β2*) and alpha7 (α7*) nicotinic receptor levels in adult offspring. Female Sprague‐Dawley rats experienced unpredictable variable stressors 2‐3 times daily during the last week of gestation. At weaning (21days) the offspring...

Mental Health Service Use Among Depressed, Low-Income Homebound Middle-Aged and Older Adults

Journal of Aging and Health — Tue, 11 Jun 2013 04:00:00 +0100

This study examined previous mental health service use among low-income homebound middle-aged and older adults who participated in a study testing the feasibility and efficacy of telehealth problem-solving therapy for depression. Method: The sample consisted of 188 homebound adults aged 50 years or older. Data on mental health service use were collected at baseline. We used multivariable logistic regression analysis to examine correlates of different types of outpatient service use within the preceding 12 months. Results: Of the subjects, 56% reported mental health service use. Of the users, 80% had made at least one primary care mental health visit, 21% had visited a psychiatrist, and 25% had received counseling. Higher depressive symptom severity scores were positively associated with a ...

Mental health, childhood abuse and HIV sexual risk behaviour among university students in Ivory Coast

Annals of General Psychiatry — Tue, 11 Jun 2013 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Poor mental health (depression) including alcohol use and partner violence was found to be associated with HIV risk behaviour. Coordinated mental health and sexual and reproductive health services to meet the needs of university students would be desirable. (Source: Annals of General Psychiatry)

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Reelin, an extracellular matrix protein linked to early onset psychiatric diseases, drives postnatal development of the prefrontal cortex via GluN2B-NMDARs and the mTOR pathway

Molecular Psychiatry — Tue, 11 Jun 2013 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: J Iafrati, M J Orejarena, O Lassalle, L Bouamrane & P Chavis (Source: Molecular Psychiatry)

Genome-wide association study on detailed profiles of smoking behavior and nicotine dependence in a twin sample

Molecular Psychiatry — Tue, 11 Jun 2013 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: A Loukola, J Wedenoja, K Keskitalo-Vuokko, U Broms, T Korhonen, S Ripatti, A-P Sarin, J Pitkäniemi, L He, A Häppölä, K Heikkilä, Y-L Chou, M L Pergadia, A C Heath, G W Montgomery, N G Martin, P A F Madden & J Kaprio (Source: Molecular Psychiatry)

MedWorm: Psychiatry Research

Preschool language profiles of children at family risk of dyslexia: continuities with specific language impairment

The autism brain imaging data exchange: towards a large-scale evaluation of the intrinsic brain architecture in autism

Transient exposure of neonatal mice to neuregulin-1 results in hyperdopaminergic states in adulthood: implication in neurodevelopmental hypothesis for schizophrenia

Frequency and relevance of psychoeducation in psychiatric diagnoses: Results of two surveys five years apart in German-speaking European countries

Understanding psychiatric institutionalization: a conceptual review

Contents continued

Contents

Editorial Board

Information for Contributors

Masthead

No effect of acute tryptophan depletion on phosphodiesterase inhibition–related improvements of short‐term object memory in male Wistar rats

Antidepressants and the risk of suicide in young persons – prescription trends and toxicological analyses

The potential role of electroconvulsive therapy in the ‘Iron Triangle’ of pediatric catatonia, autism, and psychosis

The placebo effect in clinical practice. By Walter A. Brown. Published by Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 2013. 177 pp., Hardback, £30.00. ISBN: 978‐0‐19‐993385‐3

Table of Contents

Correction: Differences between children and adolescents who commit suicide and their peers: A psychological autopsy of suicide victims compared to accident victims and a community sample

Attitudes of patients and clinicians in relation to the at‐risk state for psychosis

Audit of discharges from a regional service in the United Kingdom

Young people's views of UK mental health services

Prospective study of the course of delusional themes in first‐episode non‐affective psychosis

Perceived discrimination in those at clinical high risk for psychosis

Variation in duration of untreated psychosis in an 18‐year perspective

Putting television's portrayal of schizophrenia into reverse: an evaluation of the impact on public opinion

Delivering Perinatal Psychiatric Services in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Perspectives on reasons for non-adherence to medication in persons with schizophrenia in Ethiopia: a qualitative study of patients, caregivers and health workers

Multiple clock drawing scoring systems: simpler is better

Failure to find association between childhood abuse and cognition in first-episode psychosis patients.

Working memory dysfunction in schizophrenia patients with obsessive-compulsive symptoms: An fMRI study.

Mental health literacy about depression and schizophrenia among adolescents in Sweden.

Toward sound objective evaluation of clinical measures.

Reply

Delusions of parasitosis: Ethical and clinical considerations

Changes in adherence and treatment costs following initiation of oral or depot typical antipsychotics among previously non‐adherent patients with schizophrenia

Feasibility, reliability and validity of a questionnaire on healthcare consumption and productivity loss in patients with a psychiatric disorder (TiC-P)

Manic-like psychosis associated with elevated trough tacrolimus blood concentrations 17 years after kidney transplant.

Successful ziprasidone monotherapy in a case of delusional parasitosis: a one-year followup.

A Novel Study of Comorbidity between Schizoaffective Disorder and Geschwind Syndrome.

Glossopharyngeal Dystonia Secondary to a Lurasidone-Fluoxetine CYP-3A4 Interaction.

Efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy for comorbid frontotemporal dementia with bipolar disorder.

Old Worries and New Anxieties: Behavioral Symptoms and Mild Cognitive Impairment in a Population Study.

Associations Between Vascular Risk and Mood in Euthymic Older Adults: Preliminary Findings.

Personality and Cognitive Decline in the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area Follow-up Study.

Improving the Cost-Effectiveness of a Healthcare System for Depressive Disorders by Implementing Telemedicine: A Health Economic Modeling Study.

The CERAD Neuropsychological Assessment Battery Total Score Detects and Predicts Alzheimer Disease Dementia with High Diagnostic Accuracy.

Table of Contents

An unusual case of smothering by a medical nebulizer

Multiple stabbing in sex-related homicides

Emergency department visits by patients with mental health disorders - north Carolina, 2008-2010.

Lay Abstract

International Society for Autism Research News

Antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia

Polydipsia with water intoxication in treatment‐resistant schizophrenia

Providing neurology services in primary care

Characteristics and duration of mania: implications for continuation treatment

Continuation therapy for mania: a survey of psychiatrists' current practice

Beyond seizures: understanding cognitive deficits in epilepsy

Digest

Healing the Social Self: How Parents Whose Children Were Killed in Terror Attacks Construct the Experience of Help.

Pathways to Assignment of Payees.

Risk of Future Offense Among Probationers with Co-occurring Substance Use and Mental Health Disorders.

A novel method of assessing quality of postgraduate psychiatry training: experiences from a large training programme

Many more reasons behind difficulties in recruiting patients to randomized controlled trials in psychiatry.

Editorial Board

Methodological issues in a peer‐taught family education program on mental illness

Extreme therapy: Inside a hospital for dangerous minds

Bridging the gap: using farms to enhance social inclusion of people with chronic mental disorders

Promoting recovery-oriented practice in mental health services: a quasi-experimental mixed-methods study

Heart rate changes during electroconvulsive therapy

Gender Differences in Lifetime Alcohol Dependence: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions

Adverse drug reactions reported by consumers for nervous system medications in Europe 2007 to 2011

Acute gastric dilatation in a young woman

Cost‐effectiveness of a stepped care programme to prevent depression and anxiety in residents in homes for the older people: a randomised controlled trial

Changing Stigma Through a Consumer-Based Stigma Reduction Program.

Posthaemorrhagic ventricular dilatation: when should we intervene?

Gut microbiota in preterm infants: assessment and relevance to health and disease

Screening for congenital hypothyroidism in newborns transferred to neonatal intensive care

Anticonvulsant treatment of asphyxiated newborns under hypothermia with lidocaine: efficacy, safety and dosing

Fetal diagnosis of left ventricular tumour with pericardial extension persisting into childhood

Silencing a noisy goitre sans scalpel