MedWorm: Radiology Top 20

Level set fiber bundle segmentation using spherical harmonic coefficients

Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics — Fri, 26 Feb 2010 15:32:27 +0100

Abstract: Classifying brain white matter fibers into bundles is of growing interest in neuroscience. Quantification of diffusion characteristics inside a fiber bundle provides new insights for disease evolutions, therapy effects, and surgical interventions. In this paper, we present a novel method for segmenting fiber bundles using spherical harmonic coefficients (SHC) that describe diffusion signal obtained from High Angular Resolution Diffusion Imaging (HARDI) protocols. Based on SHC, we define a similarity measure and use it as a speed function term in level set framework. We show advantages of the proposed measure over similarity measures based on Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) indices. Without any assumptions about diffusion model, we deal with diffusion signal instead of orientation ...

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Estimating GFR in children with 99mTc-DTPA renography: a comparison with single-sample 51Cr-EDTA clearance

Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging — Tue, 02 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) measurement by 51Cr-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and blood sampling in children is usually cumbersome for the patient, parents and laboratory technicians. We have previously developed a method accurately estimating GFR in adults. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the accuracy of this non-invasive method in children. We calculated GFR from 99mTc-diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) renography and compared with 51Cr-EDTA plasma clearance of 29 children between the age of 1 month and 12 years (mean 4·7 years). The correlation between 99mTc-DTPA renography and 51Cr-EDTA plasma clearance was for all children R = 0·96 (n = 29, P (Source: Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging)

Ultrasound of the prostate.

Cancer Imaging — Fri, 05 Mar 2010 16:08:03 +0100

Authors: Mitterberger M, Horninger W, Aigner F, Pinggera GM, Steppan I, Rehder P, Frauscher F Ultrasound is a widely used imaging modality for evaluation of the prostate. The main topic of diagnostic imaging is an improvement of prostate cancer diagnosis. The current available systematic prostate biopsy is performed only under ultrasound guidance, but new imaging techniques allow prostate cancer visualization and therefore improved detection. Evolving methods such as contrast-enhanced colour Doppler imaging, contrast-specific ultrasound techniques and elastography may dramatically change the role of ultrasound for prostate cancer diagnosis. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of ultrasound and its different techniques for imaging of the prostate and to discuss current ...

EU Radiology: H1N1 vaccination increases FDG uptake in the lymph nodes

Health Imaging News — Wed, 03 Mar 2010 19:29:25 +0100

PET/CT with 18F-FDG needs to be accurately interpreted since higher FDG uptake is seen in axillary lymph nodes after vaccination against pandemic swine-origin influenza A (H1N1), according to a study published online Feb. 26 in European Radiology. (Source: Health Imaging News)

Swine-Origin Influenza A (H1N1) Viral Infection in Children: Initial Chest Radiographic Findings [PEDIATRIC IMAGING]

Radiology — Mon, 22 Feb 2010 20:50:31 +0100

Although imaging findings are nonspecific and unable to permit differentiation from other viral lower respiratory tract infection, the severity of findings on initial chest radiographs may have potential value in the prediction of disease severity and the need for hospitalization in children with swine-origin influenza A (also known as H1N1) infection. (Source: Radiology)

Sonographic diagnosis of a large and deep endometrioma of the uterine cervix

Journal of Clinical Ultrasound — Fri, 26 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

We present a rare case of endometriosis of the cervix. Transvaginal sonography showed a 35-mm cyst in the cervix with diffuse, low-level internal echoes. Transvaginal sonography-guided aspiration with a 17-gauge needle was performed, yielding a very thick chocolate-colored fluid. Cytological examination of the fluid revealed the presence of endometrial cells. Symptoms resolved after aspiration and no recurrence has developed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2010 (Source: Journal of Clinical Ultrasound)

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EU Radiology: H1N1 vaccination increases FDG uptake in the lymph nodes

Health Imaging News — Wed, 03 Mar 2010 19:29:25 +0100

Three Arkansas health workers plead guilty to HIPAA violations

Health Imaging News — Fri, 24 Jul 2009 03:00:09 +0100

Jay Holland, MD, of Little Rock, Ark., Sarah Elizabeth Miller of England, Ark., and Candida Griffin of Little Rock, have pled guilty to HIPAA violation charges, according to the U.S. Attorney for the Eastern District of Arkansas, Jane W. Duke. (Source: Health Imaging News)

Radiology: Whole-body MR useful in detecting rare bone disease

Health Imaging News — Thu, 10 Sep 2009 19:36:57 +0100

Whole-body MRI, because it is more likely to show abnormalities, can help detect chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis, according to a study in the September issue of Radiology. (Source: Health Imaging News)

From point A to the sculpted pear: MR image guidance significantly improves tumour dose and sparing of organs at risk in brachytherapy of cervical cancer.

Thu, 04 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: Point A dose is a poor surrogate of HR-CTV dose, and the use of 3D image-based dose planning is encouraged. MRI-based IGABT significantly improves target coverage and OAR dose. PMID: 20138380 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Radiotherapy and Oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology)

A comparison of two methods for the segmentation of masses in the digital mammograms

Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics — Fri, 26 Feb 2010 15:32:27 +0100

Abstract: An accurate and standardized technique for breast tumor segmentation is a critical step for monitoring and quantifying breast cancer. The fully automated tumor segmentation in mammograms presents many challenges related to characteristics of an image. In this paper, a comparison of two different semi-automated methods, viz., level set and marker controlled watershed methods that perform an accurate and fast segmentation of tumor is made. The robustness of the proposed methods is demonstrated by the segmentation of a set of 17 mammogram images. Numerical validation of the results is also provided. (Source: Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics)

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BMJ: Delaying post-surgical radiotherapy increases breast cancer recurrence risk

Health Imaging News — Thu, 04 Mar 2010 12:16:00 +0100

Women age 65 and older who delay radiation treatment after breast cancer surgery run a greater risk of having their cancer recur, according to a study published online March 2 in the British Medical Journal. (Source: Health Imaging News)

Color Doppler sonographic evaluation of flow volume of the internal carotid and vertebral arteries after carotid endarterectomy

Journal of Clinical Ultrasound — Tue, 02 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

To measure by Doppler sonography the blood flow volume (BFV) of the ipsilateral and contralateral extracranial internal carotid arteries (ICAs) and both vertebral arteries (VAs) before and after a carotid endarterectomy (CEA) of the ICA. We correlated the result with the degree of stenosis of the ICA.One hundred seven patients who had a CEA were divided into 2 groups. Group I consisted of subjects with stenosis of ipsilateral ICA of [ge]70% to near occlusion and Group II included subjects with near occlusion. The Doppler sonographic examinations were performed 1 day before the CEA, 7 days after the CEA, and 1 month after the CEA. The peak systolic velocity, end-diastolic velocity, time-averaged maximum blood flow velocity, resistance index of the ipsilateral ICA, and the BFV of both ICAs a...

The role of radiology in head and neck tumours in children.

Cancer Imaging — Fri, 05 Mar 2010 16:08:03 +0100

We describe the imaging appearances of the common malignant tumours arising in the extracranial head and neck in children, focusing on lymphoma, rhabdomyosarcoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The clinical presentation and radiological appearances of benign tumours in the head and neck in children may overlap with those seen in malignant disease. We describe the imaging appearances of juvenile angiofibroma, vascular abnormalities involving the extracranial head and neck and cervical teratomas. Advances in both imaging techniques and cancer staging systems, many of the latter aimed at avoiding over-treatment and treatment-related complications, will lead to an increasingly central role for imaging in childhood head and neck cancer. PMID: 20199940 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cancer Ima...

Split-course RT aids advanced lung cancer patients

AuntMinnie.com Headlines — Mon, 01 Mar 2010 07:00:00 +0100

Radiation therapy (RT) may provide relief to patients with unpleasant chest (more) (Source: AuntMinnie.com Headlines)

Three-dimensional coupled-object segmentation using symmetry and tissue type information

Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics — Fri, 26 Feb 2010 15:32:29 +0100

Abstract: This paper presents an automatic method for segmentation of brain structures using their symmetry and tissue type information. The proposed method generates segmented structures that have homogenous tissues. It benefits from general symmetry of the brain structures in the two hemispheres. It also benefits from the tissue regions generated by fuzzy c-means clustering. All in all, the proposed method can be described as a dynamic knowledge-based method that eliminates the need for statistical shape models of the structures while generating accurate segmentation results. The proposed approach is implemented in MATLAB and tested on the Internet Brain Segmentation Repository (IBSR) datasets. To this end, it is applied to the segmentation of caudate and ventricles three-dimensionally i...

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Locoregional Spread of Cutaneous Melanoma: Sonography Findings

American Journal of Roentgenology — Fri, 19 Feb 2010 21:02:50 +0100

CONCLUSION. High-resolution sonography allows recognition of small, clinically-occult melanomatous foci. It plays a major role in locoregional staging and follow-up of patients with cutaneous melanoma. (Source: American Journal of Roentgenology)

Ultrasound-Guided Botox Injections of Salivary Glands in Children with Drooling

Journal of Radiology Nursing — Mon, 22 Feb 2010 15:52:00 +0100

This study aimed to test the hypothesis that ultrasound-guided botox injection of the salivary glands in children is effective temporary palliation for excessive drooling. The study population consisted of 6 patients who underwent botox injection of salivary glands one or more times at a mid-Atlantic regional children's hospital. Parents were interviewed by telephone regarding the effects of the botox procedure on their child's drooling. The children who comprised our study population exhibited decreased drooling, less respiratory distress, and increased quality of life after the injections. Further research with a larger sample is warranted to support these findings. (Source: Journal of Radiology Nursing)

Comparison of Conventional Abdominal CT with MR-Enterography in Patients with Active Crohn's Disease and Acute Abdominal Pain

Academic Radiology — Mon, 08 Feb 2010 15:28:45 +0100

Conclusions: In patients with known advanced CD with acute abdominal pain conventional abdominal MD-CT, which is frequently performed as an emergency imaging procedure, is sufficient for bowel wall assessment. Based on our data, additional dedicated small bowel imaging such as MRE seems not to be necessary. (Source: Academic Radiology)

Assessment of Tumor Recurrence in Patients With Colorectal Cancer and Elevated Carcinoembryonic Antigen Level: FDG PET/CT Versus Contrast-Enhanced 64-MDCT of the Chest and Abdomen

American Journal of Roentgenology — Fri, 19 Feb 2010 21:02:50 +0100

CONCLUSION. FDG PET/CT has higher sensitivity than MDCT in the identification of sites of recurrent and metastatic disease in patients with colorectal cancer and an elevated CEA level. The two techniques appear to have similar specificity. (Source: American Journal of Roentgenology)