MedWorm: Radiology Top 20

Functional MRI techniques demonstrate early vascular changes in renal cell cancer patients treated with sunitinib: a pilot study.

Cancer Imaging — Sat, 21 Jan 2012 05:24:04 +0100

Conclusions: Sunitinib induces antiangiogenic effects as measured by DWI and T2*-perfusion MRI, 3 and 10 days after the start of the initial treatment. DCE-MRI did not show significant changes. In the near future, early functional MRI-based evaluation can play an important role in tailoring treatment to the individual patient with RCC. Further investigation is warranted. PMID: 22245974 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cancer Imaging)

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New MRI Technique Helps Diagnose Gliomas

Diagnostic Imaging — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 09:30:01 +0100

A new magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) technique provides a definitive diagnosis of brain cancer based on imaging of a protein associated with a mutated gene found in 80 percent of low- and intermediate-grade gliomas, according to a new study published January 26 in Nature Medicine. (Source: Diagnostic Imaging)

CT-based quantitative SPECT for the radionuclide (201)Tl: experimental validation and a standardized uptake value for brain tumour patients.

Cancer Imaging — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 00:30:02 +0100

Authors: Willowson K, Bailey D, Schembri G, Baldock C Abstract We have previously reported on a method for reconstructing quantitative data from (99m)Tc single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) images based on corrections derived from X-ray computed tomography, producing accurate results in both experimental and clinical studies. This has been extended for use with the radionuclide (201)Tl. Accuracy was evaluated with experimental phantom studies, including corrections for partial volume effects where necessary. The quantitative technique was used to derive standardized uptake values (SUVs) for (201)Tl evaluation of brain tumours. A preliminary study was performed on 26 patients using (201)Tl SPECT scans to assess residual tumour after surgery and then to monitor response...

Proton therapy effective for prostate cancer treatment

AuntMinnie.com Headlines — Mon, 09 Jan 2012 07:00:00 +0100

Early outcomes of men treated with proton therapy for prostate cancer suggest (more) (Source: AuntMinnie.com Headlines)

Transarterial Chemoembolization for Hepatocellular Carcinomas in Watershed Segments: Utility of C-Arm Computed Tomography for Treatment Planning

Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology : JVIR — Sat, 21 Jan 2012 08:07:51 +0100

We describe the impact C-arm CT can have on determining a dual blood supply in watershed region tumors and, more importantly, its ability to portray incomplete treatment at the time of the procedure itself. An exemption from obtaining informed consent was provided by the institutional review board for this retrospective report. All data were handled in compliance with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act. (Source: Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology : JVIR)

Adnexal Masses in Pregnancy

Seminars in Ultrasound CT and MRI — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 08:38:45 +0100

Adnexal masses are often seen in the gravid patient. With current advances in technology, an increased number of adnexal masses are incidentally discovered on antenatal screening ultrasonography examinations. Sonography is the first-line imaging modality for any adnexal mass. However, further evaluation with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be critical for diagnosis. For example, MRI can determine whether a mass contains fat, which can be useful in the diagnosis of a teratoma. Characteristic features of nonneoplastic and neoplastic ovarian lesions seen on sonography and MRI will be discussed. Radiologic features that help distinguish benign from malignant neoplasms will be described. Additional lesions specific to the gravid state must be considered in the differential diagnosis when a...

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Risk of neurological diseases among survivors of electric shocks: A nationwide cohort study, Denmark, 1968–2008

Bioelectromagnetics — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 08:35:32 +0100

AbstractSeveral studies suggest a link between electric injuries and neurological diseases, where electric shocks may explain elevated risks for neuronal degeneration and, subsequently, neurological diseases. We conducted a retrospective cohort study on the risk of neurological diseases among people in Denmark who had survived an electric accident in 1968–2008. The cohort included 3,133 people and occurrences of neurological diseases were determined by linkage to the nationwide population‐based Danish National Register of Patients. The numbers of cases observed at first hospital contact in the cohort were compared with the respective rates of first hospital contacts for neurological diseases in the general population. We observed significantly increased risks for peripheral nerve disea...

Bronchopleural Cutaneous Fistula after Pulmonary Radiofrequency Ablation: Treatment with Low-Adherent Paraffin Gauze Dressing

Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology : JVIR — Sat, 21 Jan 2012 08:07:51 +0100

In this report, we describe management of an unusual bronchopleural cutaneous (BPC) fistula in a patient with primary lung cancer. (Source: Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology : JVIR)

Case of the Month #175: Intracranial Blastomycosis

Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 08:38:27 +0100

A 27-year-old man from Ontario was referred to the neurology service for a 2-month history of left-sided headache, slurred speech, and limp. Results of a neurologic examination revealed increased tone on the right, as well as right-sided weakness and clonus of the right ankle reflex. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) of the head () was performed after a noncontrast study revealed mass lesions in the left cerebral hemisphere and left posterior fossa. A recent chest radiograph () was also available at the time of the CT study. (Source: Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal)

Using athletic training clinical education standards in radiography.

Radiologic Technology — Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Giordano S, Harris K Abstract Background The selection of clinical education sites for radiography students is based on availability, access to radiographic examinations, and appropriate student-to-technologist ratio. Radiography program directors are not required to evaluate sites based on their educational validity (eg, the clinical instructor's knowledge of basic teaching and learning principles, how well the site communicates with the program, or the clinical instructor's involvement in professional organizations). Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine if a set of 12 clinical education standards used in athletic training would be applicable and beneficial to radiography program directors when selecting clinical sites for students. Methods A survey concerni...

Management of low back pain with facet joint injections and nerve root blocks under computed tomography guidance. A prospective study

Skeletal Radiology — Tue, 10 Jan 2012 06:41:48 +0100

Conclusions Facet joint and nerve infiltrations under computed tomography guidance constitute an accurate and safe method that could be used to relieve low back pain and minimize the risk of disability. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Scientific ArticlePages 1-5DOI 10.1007/s00256-011-1353-6Authors Anastasia Fotiadou, Hinchingbrooke Hospital NHS Trust, Huntingdon, PE29 6NT Cambridgeshire, UKAndrew Wojcik, Hinchingbrooke Hospital NHS Trust, Huntingdon, PE29 6NT Cambridgeshire, UKAntony Shaju, Hinchingbrooke Hospital NHS Trust, Huntingdon, PE29 6NT Cambridgeshire, UK Journal Skeletal RadiologyOnline ISSN 1432-2161Print ISSN 0364-2348 (Source: Skeletal Radiology)

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Extrahepatic, Nonneoplastic, Fat-Containing Lesions of the Abdominopelvic Cavity: Spectrum of Lesions, Significance, and Typical Appearance on Multidetector Computed Tomography

Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 09:32:35 +0100

Fat may be noted in a diffuse or focal manner in a variety of nonneoplastic abdominopelvic conditions. The specific signature of macroscopic fat on computed tomography along with the usually characteristic findings of these entities makes the diagnosis of most of these conditions relatively straightforward. In the intestinal tract, the “fat halo sign” usually arises in the context of subacute to chronic bowel wall inflammation. Excess fat in the renal sinus may occur with renal sinus lipomatosis or “replacement lipomatosis of the kidney.” Some cases of “pancreatic lipomatosis” may culminate in steatopancreatitis and ultimately neoplastic transformations. “Fibrofatty mesenteric proliferation” is a characteristic feature of Crohn disease. In the setting of the acute abdomen, ...

Three-dimensional high-definition flow imaging in prenatal diagnosis of a true umbilical cord knot.

The Ultrasound Review of Obstetrics and Gynecology — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 15:06:14 +0100

Authors: Rodriguez N, Angarita AM, Casasbuenas A, Sarmiento A PMID: 22278777 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The Ultrasound Review of Obstetrics and Gynecology)

Movement disorders: role of imaging in diagnosis

Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 08:15:38 +0100

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI and single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) have a considerable role in the diagnosis of the single patient with movement disorders. Conventional MRI demonstrates symptomatic causes of parkinsonism but does not show any specific finding in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, SPECT using tracers of the dopamine transporter (DAT) demonstrates an asymmetric decrease of the uptake in the putamen and caudate from the earliest clinical stages. In other degenerative forms of parkinsonism, including progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), multisystem atrophy (MSA), and corticobasal degeneration (CBD), MRI reveals characteristic patterns of regional atrophy combined with signal changes or microstructural changes in the basal ganglia, pons, middle an...

Pilot study on evaluation of any correlation between MR perfusion (K(trans)) and diffusion (apparent diffusion coefficient) parameters in brain tumors at 3 Tesla.

Cancer Imaging — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 00:30:02 +0100

Conclusion: We found that irrespective of brain tumor type, there is an inverse correlation between ADC and K(trans). Our findings highlight an intricate relationship between vascular permeability and the tumor microenvironment, probably modulating and/or interacting with changes such as increased cellularity, ischemic insult and varying extracellular matrix composition. PMID: 22275724 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cancer Imaging)

Staging and imaging of small cell lung cancer.

Cancer Imaging — Sat, 21 Jan 2012 05:24:04 +0100

Authors: Kalemkerian GP Abstract Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) has been primarily classified as limited or extensive, with limited stage confined to the primary tumor and regional lymph nodes. In the future, the TNM staging system should be integrated into the classification of SCLC. The appropriate staging work-up for patients with SCLC has traditionally included contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scans of the chest and abdomen, bone scan, and magnetic resonance imaging or CT scan of the brain. Recent data suggest that positron emission tomography can improve both staging accuracy and treatment planning in patients with SCLC. Treatment for limited-stage SCLC consists of chemotherapy plus radiotherapy, and such therapy can cure 20-25% of patients. Extensive-stage SCLC is in...

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Left Ventricular Assist Devices: Physiologic Assessment using Echocardiography for Management and Optimization

Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology — Sat, 14 Jan 2012 19:41:41 +0100

We present a pragmatic and systematic echocardiographic approach that serves as a guide for the management of left ventricular assist devices. (Source: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology)

Spatial Distribution and Secular Trends in the Epidemiology of Alzheimer's Disease

Neuroimaging Clinics — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 09:34:03 +0100

There are well-established differences in dementia incidence between communities and within communities over time. In part, these differences may be attributable to local improvements in dementia diagnosis and classification. Nevertheless, there are grounds for cautious optimism that there have been slight, but significant, recent reductions in dementia incidence. Possible causes include public health measures to reduce mortality attributable to stroke and heart disease, improved nutrition, and greater personal wealth. A life-course approach to dementia pathophysiology may help to elucidate the nature and timing of interventions that might delay dementia onset. (Source: Neuroimaging Clinics)

Imaging of the Placenta with Pathologic Correlation

Seminars in Ultrasound CT and MRI — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 08:38:45 +0100

The placenta functions to nourish and protect the fetus. Imaging of the placenta can have a profound impact on patient management, owing to the morbidity and mortality associated with various placental conditions. To fully appreciate placental pathology, its physiology, anatomy, and variant anatomy will be outlined. Placental conditions affecting the mother and fetus include molar pregnancies, placental hematoma, abruption, previa, accreta, vasa previa, choriocarcinoma, and retained products of conception. Ultrasonography remains the definitive modality in diagnosing most of these conditions, with magnetic resonance imaging remaining an adjunctive measure. Computed tomography is occasionally used in cases of trauma and tumor staging. (Source: Seminars in Ultrasound CT and MRI)

Pre-op MRI changes surgical plans for prostate cancer patients

AuntMinnie.com Headlines — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 07:00:00 +0100

The additional information provided by preoperative prostate MRI influenced (more) (Source: AuntMinnie.com Headlines)