MedWorm: Respiratory Medicine

Inflammatory pattern differs by sampling site in children with CF

MedWire News - Respiratory — Thu, 09 Feb 2012 09:39:20 +0100

The pattern of inflammation in the airway lumen of children with cystic fibrosis differs from that in the bronchial mucosa, study data show. (Source: MedWire News - Respiratory)

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Soft Drinks May Raise Odds for Respiratory Ills: Study

Pulmonary Medicine News - Doctors Lounge — Thu, 09 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Asthma, COPD more likely for those who regularly consume soda, flavored mineral water, researchers say (Source: Pulmonary Medicine News - Doctors Lounge)

Study indicates that induced labor may not lower risk of infection or respiratory problems in newborns

EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health — Thu, 09 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine) In a study to be presented today at the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine's annual meeting, the Pregnancy Meeting, in Dallas, Texas, researchers will report findings that suggest that induction of labor in patients who suffer a rupture of membranes between the 34th and 37th week of gestation (before the onset of labor) does not reduce the risk of infection or respiratory problems in the newborn. (Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health)

Respiratory Problems Linked To Soda Intake

Health News from Medical News Today — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 20:00:00 +0100

A recent study by Zumin Shi, Discipline of Medicine at the University of Adelaide and team, published in Respirology, suggests soda intake can raise the risk of respiratory problems, including Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder (COPD) Between 2008 and 2010, around 16,000 people, over the age of 16 (average age 46.7), were examined in terms of their soda consumption, using the South Australian Monitoring and Surveillance System. The researchers state that 1 in every 10 people drink at least half a litre of carbonated beverages per day. The authors found a 12... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Neonatal administration with dexmedetomidine does not impair the rat hippocampal synaptic plasticity later in adulthood

Pediatric Anesthesia — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 12:08:52 +0100

Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that a single administration of DEX to rats on P7 preserves hippocampal synaptic plasticity as well as synaptic transmission later in life. In view of the some evidence that have demonstrated the permanent detrimental impact of commonly used anesthetics on neurological outcomes after neonatal exposure, our findings may suggest the relative safety of DEX administered as a sedative agent to neonatal animals with regard to the development of hippocampal synaptic functions. (Source: Pediatric Anesthesia)

One step beyond, does rehabilitation influence physical activity?

Chronic Respiratory Disease — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 09:06:02 +0100

Authors: Singh S, Morgan M PMID: 22308548 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Chronic Respiratory Disease)

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Unravelling self-management for COPD: What next?

Chronic Respiratory Disease — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 09:06:02 +0100

Authors: Wagg K PMID: 22308549 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Chronic Respiratory Disease)

Factors associated with a shorter time until the next pulmonary exacerbation in adult patients with cystic fibrosis.

Chronic Respiratory Disease — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 09:06:02 +0100

Authors: Sequeiros IM, Jarad N Abstract Time until the subsequent exacerbation (PEx) in cystic fibrosis (CF) is a significant health outcome and one of the significant end points in clinical trials. Risk factors associated with shorter time until the next exacerbation (TUNE) have not been reported. This is a prospective study. TUNE was the number of days from the end of intravenous (IV) antibiotic treatment of a PEx until the day of start of IV antibiotics for the following PEx. Factors assessed were age, gender, site of treatment, CF-related diabetes (CFRD), allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) and infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA). In addition, we examined parameters obtained at day 14 of treatment including forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), ...

Self-management programmes for COPD: Moving forward.

Chronic Respiratory Disease — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 09:06:02 +0100

This article summarises their initial findings. Self-management programmes aim at structural behaviour change to sustain treatment effects after programmes have been completed. The programmes should include techniques aimed at behavioural change, be tailored individually, take the patient's perspective into account, and may vary with the course of the patient's disease and co-morbidities. Assessment should include process variables. This report is a step towards greater conformity in the field of self-management. To enhance clarity regarding effectiveness, future studies should clearly describe their intervention, be properly designed and powered, and include outcomes that focus more on the acquisition and practice of new skills. In this way more evidence and a better comprehension on self...

Palliative care in lung disease.

Chronic Respiratory Disease — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 09:06:02 +0100

Authors: Lloyd-Williams M PMID: 22308552 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Chronic Respiratory Disease)

The impact of lung cancer on patients and carers.

Chronic Respiratory Disease — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 09:06:02 +0100

This article aims to provide a brief review of the literature with regard to the impact of lung cancer on patients and their informal carers. Compared to other types of cancer, the distress associated with lung cancer has been found to be the most intense. Rather than focusing on symptoms in isolation recent emphasis regarding the symptom experience has been on symptoms clusters, as understanding these clusters may improve the management of ongoing and unrelieved symptoms. However, the disparities in methodology are significant barriers to producing comparable results, although recent efforts have been made to address these. Whilst research into symptoms has enormous potential for the management of symptom clusters, it needs to move away from the essentially reductionist stance which curre...

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Palliation of dyspnea.

Chronic Respiratory Disease — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 09:06:02 +0100

Authors: Rocker G PMID: 22308554 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Chronic Respiratory Disease)

Improving the management of dyspnea in the community using rapid learning approaches.

Chronic Respiratory Disease — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 09:06:02 +0100

Authors: Kamal AH, Miriovsky BJ, Currow DC, Abernethy AP Abstract Patients with chronic pulmonary disease often suffer from breathlessness or dyspnea. Traditional evidence generation techniques to expand upon current treatment paradigms are limited by the significant delay between study initiation and clinical implementation of findings. Rapid learning health care is a novel approach to health care delivery that relies on intelligent and continuous integration of clinical and research data sets to deliver personalized medicine using the most current evidence available. Results of important studies in the management of chronic respiratory disease are presented in brief; however, the focus of this review is on evidence supporting the implementation of a rapid learning model for sympt...

The interaction of ageing and lung disease.

Chronic Respiratory Disease — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 09:06:02 +0100

This article explores the structural and physiological changes that occur in the ageing lung, and the impact that lung disease and other co-morbidities may have on it. The major changes associated with ageing are reduced lung elasticity, respiratory muscle strength and chest wall compliance, all of which may be influenced by impaired lung growth in early childhood and adolescence. The resultant reduction in diffusing capacity may not be relevant in a fit older adult, but co-morbidities may interact to cause breathlessness and impairments in quality of life. Lung function declines with age, but forced vital capacity (FVC) begins to decline later than forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)) and at a slower rate. This results in a natural fall in the FEV(1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio...

Panic, Breathlessness And Unheard Pain: The Trauma Of Being On A Ventilator While Conscious

Health News from Medical News Today — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 08:00:00 +0100

More and more people being cared for on ventilators are conscious during the treatment, but what is it like to be fully conscious without being able to communicate with the world around you? A thesis from the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden, has lifted the lid on a world of panic, breathlessness and unheard pain. It has been far more common since the beginning of the 21st century for patients to be conscious during ventilator treatment... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Severe Asthma Attacks Reduced By Combined Asthma Medication Therapy

Health News from Medical News Today — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 08:00:00 +0100

A Henry Ford Hospital study has found that using two types of common asthma medications in combination reduces severe asthma attacks. Researchers say using long-acting beta-agonists (LABAs) in fixed-dose combination with inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) appear to reduce asthma attacks as well as or better than corticosteroids alone... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

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Soft Drinks May Raise Odds for Respiratory Ills: Study

MedicineNet Lungs General — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 07:00:00 +0100

Title: Soft Drinks May Raise Odds for Respiratory Ills: StudyCategory: Health NewsCreated: 2/7/2012 4:06:00 PMLast Editorial Review: 2/8/2012 (Source: MedicineNet Lungs General)

Breathe Easier Online: Evaluation of a Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial of an Internet-Based Intervention to Improve Well-being in Children and Adolescents With a Chronic Respiratory Condition

Journal of Medical Internet Research — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Although there were no significant group differences on primary outcome measures, our pilot data provide tentative support for the feasibility (acceptability and user satisfaction) and initial efficacy of an Internet-based intervention for improving well-being in children and adolescents with a chronic respiratory condition. Trial registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry number: ACTRN12610000214033; http://www.anzctr.org.au/trial_view.aspx?ID=308074 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/63BL55mXH) (Source: Journal of Medical Internet Research)

A placebo-controlled trial of Korean red ginseng extract for preventing Influenza-like illness in healthy adults

BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

This study is a randomized placebo controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of the KRG extract compared to placebo and will be provided valuable new information about the clinical and physiological effects of the KRG extract on reduction of ILI incidence including flu and upper respiratory tract infections. The study has been pragmatically designed to ensure that the study findings can be implemented into clinical practice if KRG extract can be shown to be an effective reduction strategy in ILI incidence. Trial Registration: NCT01478009. (Source: BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine)

Soft Drinks May Raise Odds for Respiratory Ills

MedlinePlus Health News — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 19:00:00 +0100

Asthma, COPD more likely for those who regularly consume soda, flavored mineral water, researchers say Source: HealthDay Related MedlinePlus Pages: Asthma, COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease), Carbohydrates (Source: MedlinePlus Health News)

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Breastfeeding And Lung Function At School Age: Does Maternal Asthma Modify The Effect?

Health News from Medical News Today — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 08:00:00 +0100

Breastfeeding is associated with improved lung function at school age, particularly in children of asthmatic mothers, according to a new study from researchers in Switzerland and the UK. "In our cohort of school age children, breastfeeding was associated with modest improvement in forced mid-expiratory flow (FEF50) in our whole group and with improvements in forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume at 1 second (FEV1) only in the children of asthmatic mothers," said Claudia E... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Avoid Window Seats to Cut Risk for In-Flight Blood Clots: Study

MedicineNet Lungs General — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 07:00:00 +0100

Title: Avoid Window Seats to Cut Risk for In-Flight Blood Clots: StudyCategory: Health NewsCreated: 2/7/2012 10:05:00 AMLast Editorial Review: 2/7/2012 (Source: MedicineNet Lungs General)

Insomnia

MedicineNet Asthma General — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 07:00:00 +0100

Title: InsomniaCategory: Diseases and ConditionsCreated: 6/6/2005Last Editorial Review: 2/7/2012 (Source: MedicineNet Asthma General)

Colonisation with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and antibiotic resistance patterns in COPD patients.

Swiss Medical Weekly — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 05:36:02 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Colonisation with P. aeruginosa was present in all COPD severity stages and colonisation with mucoid strains was more frequent in advanced COPD. Resistance to the only oral anti-pseudomonas antibiotic ciprofloxacin was more frequently encountered in severe COPD stages. PMID: 22290607 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Swiss Medical Weekly)

Pneumonia wonder drug: Zinc saves lives

EurekAlert! - Infectious and Emerging Diseases — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(BioMed Central) Respiratory tract infections, including pneumonia, are the most common cause of death in children under the age of five. In a study looking at children given standard antibiotic therapy, new research published in BioMed Central's open-access journal BMC Medicine shows how zinc supplements drastically improved children's chances of surviving the infection. The increase in survival due to zinc (on top of antibiotics) was even greater for HIV-infected children. (Source: EurekAlert! - Infectious and Emerging Diseases)

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Silent PE raises risk for early symptomatic PE in DVT patients

MedWire News - Respiratory — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 00:00:00 +0100

Patients with silent pulmonary embolism at the time of deep vein thrombosis diagnosis have an increased risk for symptomatic PE during the first 2 weeks of therapy, study findings indicate. (Source: MedWire News - Respiratory)

Initial calorie targets for enteral feeding fail to influence outcomes

MedWire News - Respiratory — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 00:00:00 +0100

Outcomes of patients with acute lung injury who require mechanical ventilation are not affected by whether initial enteral feeding supplies the full recommended calorie allowance or a reduced amount, shows a randomized trial. (Source: MedWire News - Respiratory)

Allergen reduction with mite-impermeable mattresses ‘of no asthma benefit’

MedWire News - Respiratory — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 00:00:00 +0100

Mite-impermeable mattresses reduce exposure to house dust mite allergen Der f1 but have only a temporary effect on childhood asthma symptoms and no effect on the risk for allergy-associated conditions, European results indicate. (Source: MedWire News - Respiratory)

Physicians' Knowledge of Inhaler Devices and Inhalation Techniques Remains Poor in Spain

Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 21:30:37 +0100

Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery Feb 2012, Vol. 25, No. 1: 16-22. (Source: Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery)

Choroidal tuberculoma in a patient with ocular Behçet disease

International Ophthalmology — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 19:36:46 +0100

We report a case of choroidal tuberculoma associated with tuberculosis in a patient with ocular Behçet disease. A 25-year-old female with known ocular Behçet disease contracted tuberculosis 3 months earlier. She had been receiving methotrexate and oral steroids. Funduscopy of the left eye revealed a choroidal tuberculoma located superonasally to the optic disc. Fluorescein angiography showed a central area of hypofluorescence surrounded by a hyperfluorescent zone. Since she was already receiving antituberculosis treatment combined with oral steroids, the same treatment was continued. Diagnosis of the other diseases that may cause uveitis in patients with Behçet disease should not be missed. This is especially important since immunosuppressive drugs, that cause an increased in...

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The effects of heated humidifier in continuous positive airway pressure titration

Sleep and Breathing — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 19:36:25 +0100

Conclusion Routine use of HH is not necessary during CPAP titration regardless of naso-pharyngeal symptoms. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-6DOI 10.1007/s11325-012-0661-yAuthors Chung-Chieh Yu, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan, Republic of ChinaCheng-Ming Luo, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of ChinaYu-Chih Liu, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan, Republic of ChinaHuang-Pin Wu, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan, Republic of China Journal Sleep and BreathingOnline ISSN 1522-1709Print ISSN 1520...

Insomnia symptoms influence CPAP compliance

Sleep and Breathing — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 19:36:22 +0100

Conclusions Insomnia symptoms prior to the beginning of CPAP treatment show a negative influence on CPAP compliance. Further studies should clarify, if a treatment of insomnia symptoms leads to a benefit in compliance. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-6DOI 10.1007/s11325-012-0655-9Authors Christoph Pieh, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Sleep Disorder Center, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, GermanyMagdalena Bach, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Sleep Disorder Center, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, GermanyRoland Popp, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Sleep Disorder Center, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, GermanyCecilia Jara, Department of Psychiatry and...

Lung Function At School Age Better Thanks To Breastfeeding

Health News from Medical News Today — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 18:00:00 +0100

A study by researchers in Switzerland and the UK reveals that breastfeeding is linked to enhanced lung function at school age, especially in children born to asthmatic mothers. The study is published online ahead of print publication in the American Thoracic Society's American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. Claudia E. Kuehni, M.D... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Countering health threats by chemicals with a potential terrorist background - creating a rapid alert system for Europe. - Schaper A, Desel H, Wyke S, Orford R, Griffiths MR, Edwards N, Kupferschmidt H, Mathieu M, Pelclova D, Duarte-Davidson R.

SafetyLit: All (Unduplicated) — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 11:54:53 +0100

BACKGROUND: The acronym "ASHT" stands for "Alerting System and Development of a Health Surveillance System for the Deliberate Release of Chemicals by Terrorists". Imagine this scenario: 15 patients with respiratory symptoms following a concert in Rome and ... (Source: SafetyLit: All (Unduplicated))

Meriden woman sets up Heather's Angels to help those with cystic fibrosis

Cystic Fibrosis Worldwide — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 10:03:48 +0100

(Source: Cystic Fibrosis Worldwide)

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Within Weeks Of Smoking Cessation, Coughing And Other Respiratory Symptoms Improve

Health News from Medical News Today — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 09:00:00 +0100

If the proven long-term benefits of smoking cessation are not enough to motivate young adults to stop smoking, a new study shows that 18- to 24-year olds who stop smoking for at least two weeks report substantially fewer respiratory symptoms, especially coughing. The study findings are detailed in Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonology, a peer-reviewed journal published by Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. The article is available online... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Fewer Teens Exposed to Tobacco Smoke in Cars: Report

MedicineNet Asthma General — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 07:00:00 +0100

Title: Fewer Teens Exposed to Tobacco Smoke in Cars: ReportCategory: Health NewsCreated: 2/6/2012 10:05:00 AMLast Editorial Review: 2/6/2012 (Source: MedicineNet Asthma General)

Breastfeeding OK for Moms With Asthma

MedicineNet Asthma General — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 07:00:00 +0100

Title: Breastfeeding OK for Moms With AsthmaCategory: Health NewsCreated: 2/4/2012 11:01:00 AMLast Editorial Review: 2/6/2012 (Source: MedicineNet Asthma General)

"GOLD or lower limit of normal definition? A comparison with expert-based diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a prospective cohort-study"

Respiratory Research — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: GOLD criteria over-diagnose COPD, while LLN definitions under-diagnose COPD in elderly patients as compared to an expert panel diagnosis. Incorporating FEV1 and RV/TLC into the GOLD-COPD or LLN-based definition brings both definitions closer to expert panel diagnosis of COPD, and to daily clinical practice. (Source: Respiratory Research)

Systemic air embolism during percutaneous core needle biopsy of the lung: frequency and risk factors

BMC Pulmonary Medicine - Latest articles — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Background: Detection of risk factors for an air embolism in the left atrium, left ventricle, or systemic circulation (systemic air embolism, SAE) during a percutaneous core needle biopsy (PCNB) of the thorax. Methods: In a retrospective observational study, all PCNBs of the thorax in 610 patients between 2007 and 2009 were analyzed. The SmartStep technique (General Electric) was used for the biopsy, with which the examiner can prepare a batch of three 1.25-mm or 2.5-mm collimated slices within a second using a foot switch in the CT room to check the needle position. The image data thus generated and the control CT scans that followed were examined retrospectively for the presence of intravascular air. Intravascular air was defined as two or more adjacent voxels with absorption values of (...

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Comparison of FEV3, FEV6, FEV1/FEV3 and FEV1/FEV6 with usual spirometric indices

Respirology — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: FEV6 and FEV1/FEV6 can be used as surrogates for FVC and FEV1/FVC, respectively, and these parameters showed acceptable sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV for occupational health evaluations.© 2012 The Author. Respirology © 2012 Asian Pacific Society of Respirology (Source: Respirology)

Rapid eye movement and slow‐wave sleep rebound after one night of continuous positive airway pressure for obstructive sleep apnoea

Respirology — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: A 40% rebound in SWS, but only a 20% rebound in REM sleep on the first night of CPAP therapy are predicted by abnormal sleep architecture and sleep fragmentation prior to the commencement of treatment.© 2012 The Author. Respirology © 2012 Asian Pacific Society of Respirology (Source: Respirology)

Manipulation of cortical gray matter oxygenation by hyperoxic respiratory challenge: field dependence of R2* and MR signal response

NMR in Biomedicine — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, the R2* response to hyperoxic respiratory challenge was stronger for carbogen than for oxygen, and increased quadratically with the static magnetic field strength for both challenges, which highlights the importance of high field strengths for future studies aimed at probing oxygen physiology in clinical settings. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.In this study, the R2* response of the cortical gray matter to respiratory challenges was quantified at 1.5, 3 and 7 T. Hyperoxic challenges resulted in a decrease in the relaxation rate at all field strengths. The response to hyperoxic hypercapnia was 1.3 times larger than to hyperoxia. Both challenges led to a quadratic increase in the R2* response with B0. High field strengths may allow the probing of oxygen physiol...

Cardiac involvement in muscular dystrophy: advances in diagnosis and therapy

Heart — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

The term muscular dystrophy (MD) comprises various neuromuscular disorders that are characterised by progressive muscle weakness affecting certain muscle groups, which are specific for the respective genetic disorder. Muscular dystrophy type Duchenne (DMD) and type Becker (BMD) represent the most common X-linked genetic diseases: DMD is believed to affect one in 3500 male births whereas BMD is less frequent (one in 18 450 male births).w1 w2 However, due to the longer life expectancy of BMD patients, the prevalence of DMD and BMD is rather similar and at least 2.4/100 000.w1 Apart from progressive proximal skeletal muscle weakness and wasting, DMD and BMD are characterised by cardiac muscle involvement. Indeed, progressive cardiomyopathy has become a major cause of morbidity and mortality i...

High-pressure intrapleural chemotherapy: feasibility in the pig model

World Journal of Surgical Oncology — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: High-pressure intrapleural chemotherapy is feasible in pigs. Further experiments will establish the pharmacokinetics and determine whether the benefit already shown in the peritoneum is also obtained in the pleura. (Source: World Journal of Surgical Oncology)

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Genomic screening for Chlamydophila pneumoniae‐specific antigens using serum samples from patients with primary infection

FEMS Microbiology Letters — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractChlamydophila pneumoniae, an obligate intracellular human pathogen, causes respiratory tract infections. The most common techniques used for the serological diagnosis of C. pneumoniae infections are microimmunofluorescence tests and commercial serological ELISA tests; these are based on the detection of antibodies against whole chlamydial elementary bodies and lipopolysaccharide/outer membrane protein, respectively. Identification of more specific and highly immunodominant antigens is essential for the development of new serodiagnostic assays. To identify novel specific antigens from C. pneumoniae, we screened 455 genes with unknown function in the genome of C. pneumoniae J138. Extracts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells expressing GFP‐tagged C. pneumoniae proteins were subjected ...

Identification of a molecular component of the mitochondrial acetyl transferase program; a novel role for GCN5L1

BJ Energy — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

SIRT3 modulates respiration via the deacetylation of lysine residues in electron transport chain proteins. Whether mitochondrial protein acetylation is controlled by a counter-regulatory program has remained elusive. Here we identify an essential component of this previously undefined mitochondrial acetyltransferase system. We show that GCN5L1/Bloc1s1 counters the acetylation and respiratory effects of SIRT3. GCN5L1 is mitochondrial-enriched and displays significant homology to a prokaryotic acetyltransferase. Genetic knockdown of GCN5L1 blunts mitochondrial protein acetylation, and its reconstitution in intact mitochondria restores protein acetylation. GCN5L1 interacts with and promotes acetylation of SIRT3 respiratory chain targets and reverses global SIRT3 effects on mitochondrial prote...

Cimicifuga foetida L. Inhibited Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus in HEp-2 and A549 Cell Lines.

The American Journal of Chinese Medicine — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 03:06:02 +0100

Authors: Wang KC, Chang JS, Chiang LC, Lin CC Abstract Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) causes serious pediatric infection of the lower respiratory tract without effective therapeutic modality. Sheng-Ma-Ge-Gen-Tang (SMGGT; Shoma-kakkon-to) has been proven to be effective at inhibiting HRSV-induced plaque formation, and Cimicifuga foetida is the major constituent of SMGGT. We tested the hypothesis that C. foetida effectively inhibited the cytopathic effects of HRSV by a plaque reduction assay in both human upper (HEp2) and lower (A549) respiratory tract cell lines. Its ability to stimulate anti-viral cytokines was evaluated by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). C. foetida dose-dependently inhibited HRSV-induced plaque formation (p < 0.0001) before and after vir...

US FDA approves ivacaftor for treatment of rare form of cystic fibrosis

MedWire News - Respiratory — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 00:00:00 +0100

The US Food and Drug Administration has approved ivacaftor for treatment of cystic fibrosis in children aged 6 years or older with the G551D Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator gene mutation. (Source: MedWire News - Respiratory)

Impaired phagocytosis among patients infected by the human immunodeficiency virus: implication for a role of highly active anti-retroviral therapy.

Clinical and Developmental Immunology — Sun, 05 Feb 2012 16:25:16 +0100

Authors: Michailidis C, Giannopoulos G, Vigklis V, Armenis K, Tsakris A, Gargalianos P Abstract In patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, neutrophil and monocyte functions, including phagocytosis, are impaired. The purpose of this study was to investigate changes of phagocytic function and respiratory burst occurring over the course of patients infected by the HIV-1 virus. Treatment-naive patients (group B), patients receiving highly active anti-retroviral treatment (HAART) (group C) and patients in which HAART has failed (group D) were studied and compared with healthy volunteers (group A). Phagocytosis and oxidative burst were evaluated using commercially available kits. Results clearly denote a significant decrease of the phagocytic function of both cell typ...

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Protumor activity of interleukin‐22 in HPAFII human pancreatic cancer cells

Clinical and Experimental Immunology — Sun, 05 Feb 2012 11:17:35 +0100

In this report, we showed that IL‐22 stimulated production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the anti‐apoptotic factor Bcl‐XL in IL‐22R‐positive HPAFII human pancreatic cancer cells. Additionally, IL‐22 augmented HPAFII cell production of immunosuppressive cytokines. We further showed that IL‐22 activation of HPAFII cells diminished T cell production of IFN‐γ through the action of IL‐10. Strikingly, we showed for the first time that IL‐22 can fully protect cancer cells from NK cell‐mediated cytotoxicity by stimulating tumor production of IL‐10 and TGF‐β1. Our data supports the idea that IL‐22 may act to promote the pathogenesis of cancers rather than function in anti‐tumor immunity.© 2012 The Authors. Clinical and Experimental Immunology © 2...

Autophagic proteins: New facets of the oxygen paradox.

Autophagy — Sun, 05 Feb 2012 07:13:30 +0100

Authors: Jin Y, Tanaka A, Choi AM, Ryter SW Abstract Oxygen (O 2), while essential for aerobic life, can also cause metabolic toxicity through the excess generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Pathological changes in ROS production can originate through the partial reduction of O 2 during mitochondrial electron transport, as well as from enzymatic sources. This phenomenon, termed the oxygen paradox, has been implicated in aging and disease, and is especially evident in critical care medicine. Whereas high O 2 concentrations are utilized as a life-sustaining therapeutic for respiratory insufficiency, they in turn can cause acute lung injury. Alveolar epithelial cells represent a primary target of hyperoxia-induced lung injury. Recent studies have indicated that epithelial cell...

Initial Trophic vs Full Enteral Feeding in Patients With Acute Lung Injury: The EDEN Randomized Trial [Caring for the Critically Ill Patient]

JAMA — Sun, 05 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion In patients with acute lung injury, compared with full enteral feeding, a strategy of initial trophic enteral feeding for up to 6 days did not improve ventilator-free days, 60-day mortality, or infectious complications but was associated with less gastrointestinal intolerance.Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifiers: NCT00609180 and NCT00883948 (Source: JAMA)

Microbial exposures in infancy predict levels of the immunoregulatory cytokine interleukin‐4 in filipino young adults

American Journal of Human Biology — Sun, 05 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions:This study builds on a growing body of literature demonstrating that early ecological conditions have long‐term effects on human biology by providing evidence that multiple proxies of microbial exposures in infancy are associated with adult IL‐4. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology)

Physical activity, cardio‐respiratory fitness, and metabolic traits in rural mexican tarahumara

American Journal of Human Biology — Sun, 05 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: This study suggests high levels of overweight and hypertension in the Tarahumara, and points to fitness and physical activity as potential intervention targets although findings should be confirmed in larger samples. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology)

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Changes in lung tumor shape during respiration.

Physics in Medicine and Biology — Sat, 04 Feb 2012 04:37:48 +0100

Authors: Kyriakou E, McKenzie DR Abstract Evidence that some lung tumors change shape during respiration is derived from respiratory gated CT data by statistical shape modeling and image manipulation. Some tumors behave as rigid objects while others show systematic shape changes. Two views of lung motion are presented to allow analysis of the results. In the first, lung motion is viewed as a wave motion in which inertial effects arising from mass are present and in the second it is a quasistatic motion in which the mass of the lung tissues is neglected. In the first scenario, the extremes of tumor compression and expansion are expected to correlate with maximum upward and downward velocity of the tumor, respectively. In the second, they should occur at end exhale and end inhale, re...

Coughing and other respiratory symptoms improve within weeks of smoking cessation

ScienceDaily Headlines — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 19:11:11 +0100

Role of leptin as antioxidant in obstructive sleep apnea: an in vitro study using electron paramagnetic resonance method

Sleep and Breathing — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 17:11:08 +0100

Conclusion Leptin is an antioxidant agent of possible use as a marker of OS and future risk of atherosclerotic disease in OSA. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-6DOI 10.1007/s11325-012-0656-8Authors Madalina Macrea, Salem VA Medical Center, affiliate of the University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USAThomas Martin, Salem VA Medical Center, affiliate of the University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USALeon Zagrean, Physiology Department, “Carol Davila” School of Medicine, Bucharest, RomaniaZhenquan Jia, Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27410, USAHara Misra, Edward Via Virginia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Virginia Tech Corporate Research, Black...

Team CF returns for its third season

Cystic Fibrosis Worldwide — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 13:06:06 +0100

(Source: Cystic Fibrosis Worldwide)

Mixed approach encourages physical activity in asthma patients

MedWire News - Respiratory — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 09:53:33 +0100

A multicomponent protocol can lead to clinically significant increases in physical activity among patients with asthma, US researchers report. (Source: MedWire News - Respiratory)

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Oral voriconazole versus intravenous low dose amphotericin B for primary antifungal prophylaxis in pediatric acute leukemia induction: a prospective, randomized, clinical study

The Aspergillus Website - articles — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 09:49:01 +0100

Mandhaniya S, Swaroop C, Thulkar S, Vishnubhatla S, Kabra SK, Xess I, Bakhshi S (Source: The Aspergillus Website - articles)

Aspergillus myosin-V supports polarized growth in the absence of microtubule-based transport

The Aspergillus Website - articles — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 09:49:01 +0100

Zhang J, Tan K, Wu X, Chen G, Sun J, Reck-Peterson SL, Hammer JA 3rd, Xiang X (Source: The Aspergillus Website - articles)

Low Interleukin-17A Production in Response to Fungal Pathogens in Patients with Chronic Granulomatous Disease

The Aspergillus Website - articles — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 09:49:01 +0100

Smeekens SP, Henriet SS, Gresnigt MS, Joosten LA, Hermans PW, Netea MG, Warris A, van de Veerdonk FL (Source: The Aspergillus Website - articles)

Intracranial Aspergillus granuloma

The Aspergillus Website - articles — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 09:49:01 +0100

Sundaram C, Murthy JM (Source: The Aspergillus Website - articles)

Response to: Lack of intra-laboratory reproducibility in using Platelia Aspergillus enzyme immunoassay test for detection of Aspergillus galactomannan antigen

The Aspergillus Website - articles — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 09:49:01 +0100

Bizzini A, Marchetti O, Meylan P (Source: The Aspergillus Website - articles)

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Indole alkaloids from marine-derived fungus Aspergillus sydowii SCSIO 00305

The Aspergillus Website - articles — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 09:49:01 +0100

He F, Sun YL, Liu KS, Zhang XY, Qian PY, Wang YF, Qi SH (Source: The Aspergillus Website - articles)

Recovery of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in sinus fungal ball

The Aspergillus Website - articles — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 09:49:01 +0100

Brook I (Source: The Aspergillus Website - articles)

Young Lilit Gets a New House - Thanks to You!

Cystic Fibrosis Worldwide — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 08:49:08 +0100

(Source: Cystic Fibrosis Worldwide)

Antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic characteristics of Haemophilus influenzae isolated from community-acquired respiratory tract infection patients in Shanghai City, China

Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 07:22:05 +0100

In this study we investigated 37 H. influenzae strains isolated from patients with community-acquired respiratory tract infections (CARTI) in Shanghai city between Dec 2008 and Apr 2009. H. influenzae clinical isolates were identified, and β-lactamase production tests were conducted and minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were measured. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was introduced as an effective fingerprinting method. Two isolates (5.4%) were verified as serotype b strains, and 30 strains (81.1%) were nontypeable H. influenzae. Furthermore, 10 (27.0%) were β-lactamase-producing ampicillin-resistance (BLPAR) (TEM-1 type) strains, 11 (29.8%) were low-β-lactamase-nonproducing ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae (Low-BLNAR) strains, and the rest were β-lactamase-negative...

A case–control study of craniofacial features of children with obstructed sleep apnea

Sleep and Breathing — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 07:22:04 +0100

Conclusions The case group differed from the control group in the length of mandible, anterior lower facial height, position of hyoid and the chin, and the size of the As and T/Ps. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-9DOI 10.1007/s11325-011-0636-4Authors Jinrong Deng, 3rd dental centre, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, ChinaXuemei Gao, Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, 22 Zhongguancun Nandajie, Haidian District, Beijing 100181, China Journal Sleep and BreathingOnline ISSN 1522-1709Print ISSN 1520-9512 (Source: Sleep and Breathing)

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Too Few American Adults Getting Needed Vaccinations: CDC

MedicineNet Asthma General — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 07:00:00 +0100

Title: Too Few American Adults Getting Needed Vaccinations: CDCCategory: Health NewsCreated: 2/2/2012 4:06:00 PMLast Editorial Review: 2/3/2012 (Source: MedicineNet Asthma General)

clarithromycin, Biaxin, Biaxin XL

MedicineNet Asthma General — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 07:00:00 +0100

Title: clarithromycin, Biaxin, Biaxin XLCategory: MedicationsCreated: 12/31/1997Last Editorial Review: 2/3/2012 (Source: MedicineNet Asthma General)

A population-based review of tetralogy of fallot with absent pulmonary valve: is prenatal diagnosis really associated with a poor prognosis?

The Ultrasound Review of Obstetrics and Gynecology — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: This study was a population-based retrospective analysis of TETAPV cases identified over three decades. The prognosis of TETAPV is better than that previously reported in the obstetric literature. This information should be used to guide prenatal counseling. Copyright © 2012 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. PMID: 22302386 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Ultrasound Review of Obstetrics and Gynecology)

MAP Kinase Phosphatase 5 Protects Against Sepsis-induced Acute Lung Injury.

Am J Physiol Lung Ce... — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Qian F, Deng J, Gantner BN, Flavell RA, Dong C, Christman JW, Ye RD Abstract Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) play a critical role in inflammation. While activation of MAPK in inflammatory cells has been studied extensively, much less is known about the inactivation of these kinases. MAPK phosphatase 5 (MKP5) is a member of the dual specificity phosphatase family that dephosphorylates activated MAPKs. Here we report that MKP5 protects sepsis-induced acute lung injury. Mice lacking MKP5 displayed severe lung tissue damage following LPS challenge, characterized with increased neutrophil infiltration and edema compared to wild type controls. In response to LPS, MKP5-deficient macrophages produced significantly more inflammatory factors including inflammatory cytokine...

A Brief Overview of Mouse Models of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Problems and Prospects.

Am J Physiol Lung Ce... — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Gomez-Arroyo JG, Saleem SJ, Mizuno S, Syded AA, Bogaard HJ, Abbate A, Taraseviciene-Stewart L, Sung Y, Kraskauskas D, Farkas D, Conrad DH, Nicolls MR, Voelkel NF Abstract Many chronic pulmonary diseases are associated with pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary vascular remodeling, which is a term that continues to be used to describe a wide spectrum of vascular abnormalities. Pulmonary vascular structural changes frequently increase pulmonary vascular resistance, causing pulmonary hypertension (PH) and right heart failure. While rat models had been standard models of PH research, in more recent years the availability of genetically engineered mice has made this species attractive for many investigators. Here we review a large amount of data derived from experimental pulmona...

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Vascular endothelial growth factor enhances macrophage clearance of apoptotic cells.

Am J Physiol Lung Ce... — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Kearns MT, Dalal S, Horstmann SA, Richens TR, Tanaka T, Doe JM, Boe DM, Voelkel NF, Taraseviciene-Stewart L, Janssen WJ, Lee CG, Elias JA, Bratton D, Tuder RM, Henson PM, Vandivier RW Abstract Efficient clearance of apoptotic cells from the lung by alveolar macrophages is important for the maintenance of tissue structure and function. Lung tissue from humans with emphysema contains increased numbers of apoptotic cells and decreased levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Mice treated with VEGF receptor inhibitors have increased numbers of apoptotic cells and develop emphysema. We hypothesized that VEGF regulates apoptotic cell clearance by alveolar macrophages (AM) via its interaction with VEGF receptor 1 (VEGF R1). Our data show that the uptake of apoptotic c...

Mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned media recovers lung fibroblasts from cigarette smoke-induced damage.

Am J Physiol Lung Ce... — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

In this study, in order to further investigate reparative mechanisms for MSC-CM-mediated lung repair, we attempted to determine whether MSC-CM can recover lung fibroblasts from cigarette smoke-induced damage. In lung fibroblasts exposed to cigarette smoke extract (CSE), MSC-CM not only inhibited apoptotic death, but also induced cell proliferation and reversed CSE-induced changes in the levels of caspase-3, p53, p21, p27, Akt, and p-Akt. MSC-CM also restored expression of ECM proteins and collagen gel contraction, while suppressing CSE-induced expression of COX-2 and microsomal PGE(2) synthase-2. The CSE-opposing effects of MSC-CM on cell fate, expression of ECM proteins, and collagen gel contraction were partially inhibited by LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor. In rats, MSC-CM administration als...

Substrate Contact Sites of YidC [Protein Structure and Folding]

Journal of Biological Chemistry — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

The membrane insertase YidC inserts newly synthesized proteins into the plasma membrane. While defects in YidC homologs in animals and plants cause diseases, YidC in bacteria is essential for life. Membrane insertion and assembly of ATP synthase and respiratory complexes is catalyzed by YidC. To investigate how YidC interacts with membrane-inserting proteins, we generated single cysteine mutants in YidC and in the model substrate Pf3 coat protein. The single cysteine mutants were expressed and analyzed for disulfide formation during 30 s of synthesis. The results show that the substrate contacts different YidC residues in four of the six transmembrane regions. The residues are located either in the region of the inner leaflet, in the center, as well as in the periplasmic leaflet, consisten...

Enhancing Braden pressure ulcer risk assessment in acutely ill adult veterans

Wound Repair and Regeneration — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

This study sought to determine if a parsimonious pressure ulcer (PU) predictive model could be identified specific to acute care to enhance the current PU risk assessment tool (Braden Scale) utilized within veteran facilities. Factors investigated include: diagnosis of gangrene, anemia, diabetes, malnutrition, osteomyelitis, pneumonia/pneumonitis, septicemia, candidiasis, bacterial skin infection, device/implant/graft complications, urinary tract infection, paralysis, senility, respiratory failure, acute renal failure, cerebrovascular accident, or congestive heart failure during hospitalization; patient's age, race, smoking status, history of previous PU, surgery, hours in surgery; length of hospitalization, and intensive care unit days. Retrospective chart review and logistic regression a...

Leukoencephalopathies in Mitochondrial Disorders: Clinical and MRI Findings

Journal of Neuroimaging — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

ABSTRACTThe second most frequently affected organ in mitochondrial disorders (MIDs) is the central nervous system (CNS). One of the most frequent CNS abnormalities on imaging is the affection of the white matter (WMLs) for which the term, leukoencephalopathies in mitochondrial disorders (LEM), is proposed. The morphology of LEM on imaging is quite variable even within the same type of MID and the same family. LEM can be a subtle or prominent feature on imaging and may go along with or without clinical neurologic or neuropsychological manifestations. WMLs are most likely due to the underlying metabolic defect of the respiratory chain or concomitant oxidative stress, resulting in neuronal death and replacement of neurons by glial cells. WMLs in MIDs frequently give rise to misinterpretation,...

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Disproportionate body composition and perinatal outcome in large‐for‐gestational‐age infants to mothers with type 1 diabetes

BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions High birthweight, irrespective of body proportionality, is a risk factor for neonatal complications in offspring of women with type 1 diabetes. (Source: BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology)

Growth Hormone Response Induced by a Respiratory Muscle Endurance Training in Healthy Subjects

Hormone and Metabolic Research — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Horm Metab ResDOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1301303To date, the large majority of studies evaluating growth hormone (GH) response to acute physical exercise has been performed involving gross muscle groups. To the best of our knowledge, none has evaluated the effects of a respiratory muscle endurance training (RMET) on hormonal secretions, particularly on GH release, though some respiratory devices have been widely used in athletes to train respiratory muscles and to improve cardiopulmonary function and physical performance. 8 healthy men underwent an incremental progressive RMET protocol of 11 daily sessions, obtained through the use of a specifically designed respiratory device (Spiro Tiger®). The 12th session of RMET (15 min duration: 1 min at a respiration rate of 28 acts/min, 5 min at ...

Coughing and other respiratory symptoms improve within weeks of smoking cessation

EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Mary Ann Liebert, Inc./Genetic Engineering News) A new study shows that 18- to 24-year olds who stop smoking for at least two weeks report substantially fewer respiratory symptoms, especially coughing. The study appears in the peer-reviewed journal Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonology. (Source: EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science)

Health utility after emergency medical admission: A cross-sectional survey

Health and Quality of Life Outcomes — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Health utility can be measured after emergency medical admission, although responder bias may be significant. Health utility after emergency medical admission is poor compared to population norms. We have identified independent predictors or health utility that need to be measured and taken into account in non-randomized evaluations of emergency care. (Source: Health and Quality of Life Outcomes)

Comparison of Pandemic and Seasonal Influenza A InfectionsComparison of Pandemic and Seasonal Influenza A Infections

Medscape Today Headlines — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 04:00:00 +0100

This study compares the clinical and epidemiological features. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

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Countering health threats by chemicals with a potential terrorist background - creating a rapid alert system for Europe.

European Journal of Internal Medicine — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 00:24:52 +0100

CONCLUSION: The RAS-CHEM database works and will be integrated into the Health Emergency Operations Facility (HEOF) with other European Rapid Alert Systems. Poisons centres receive a large number of enquiries and could be important sentinels in this field of toxicovigilance. PMID: 22284259 [PubMed - in process] (Source: European Journal of Internal Medicine)

Thoracic Ultrasound Demonstrates Variable Location of the Intercostal Artery

Respiration — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 23:00:00 +0100

Respiration (DOI:10.1159/000330920) (Source: Respiration)

IL-6 and IL-13 in Induced Sputum of COPD and Asthma Patients: Correlation with Respiratory Tests

Respiration — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 23:00:00 +0100

Respiration (DOI:10.1159/000334900) (Source: Respiration)

A Computer Model for the Simulation of Nonspherical Particle Dynamics in the Human Respiratory Tract

Advances in Pharmacological Sciences — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 18:35:24 +0100

In the study presented here deposition of spheres and nonspherical particles with various aspect ratios (0.01–100) in the human respiratory tract was theoretically modeled. Shape of the nonspherical particles was considered by the application of the latest aerodynamic diameter concepts. Particle deposition was predicted by using a stochastic model of the lung geometry and simulating particle transport trajectories according to the random-walk algorithm. Concerning fibers total deposition is significantly enhanced with respect to that of spheres for μm-sized particles, whereby at normal breathing conditions peripheral lung compartments serve as primary deposition targets. In the case of oblate disks, total deposition becomes mostly remarkable for submicron particles, with the b...

Anesthetic Management of Direct Laryngoscopy and Dilatation of Subglottic Stenosis in a Patient with Severe Myasthenia Gravis

Advances in Pharmacological Sciences — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 18:35:24 +0100

We describe the anesthetic management of a patient with severe myasthenia gravis and tracheal stenosis; the patient was scheduled for direct laryngoscopy and dilatation. The combination of myasthenia gravis and tracheal obstruction presents several difficulties for anesthetic management. The airway is shared; therefore, any complications are also shared by the anesthesiologist and bronchoscopists. The potential for respiratory compromise in patients undergoing the two procedures requires that anesthesiologists be familiar with the underlying disease state, as well as the interaction of anesthetic and nonanesthetic drugs in a case involving myasthenia gravis. We reviewed the literature and report our experience in this case. There is no strong evidence for choosing one approach to general a...

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Polysomnography underestimates altered cardiac autonomic control in patients with obstructive sleep apnea

Herzschrittmachertherapie und Elektrophysiologie — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 18:14:29 +0100

Conclusion The effect of sleep-disordered breathing on alteration of autonomic tone in patients with hypopnea and obstructive apnea is more severe than estimated by conventional polysomnographic assessment of apnea and hypopnea. Patients with sleep apnea show a sympathetic overdrive not only during phases of hypopnea and obstructive apnea but also in non-apnea, non-hypopnea intervals before and after hypopnea, and obstructive apnea. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ContributionPages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s00399-012-0166-1Authors C. Jilek, Clinic and Policlinic of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, GermanyJ. Gebauer, Clinic and Policlinic of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, GermanyF. Muders, Clini...

Effects of Active and Passive Smoking on Ear Infections

Current Infectious Disease Reports — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 18:14:13 +0100

Abstract Otitis media (OM) is one of the most frequent diseases in young children, causing to visit a physician, and also the most common indication for antibiotic prescription. The peak incidence and prevalence of OM is 6 to 18 months of age. In children, second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure is associated with upper and lower respiratory tract infections, such as acute otitis media (AOM), pneumonia, and bronchitis. Despite the overwhelming evidence of the role of SHS exposure on infant health, a very high proportion of children still continue to be exposed. This important relationship between all kinds of smoking and poor health may not be appreciated universally. With this article, we aim to review tobacco smoke exposure and OM connection. How this exposure may cause OM...

Obstructive pressure peak: a new method for differentiation of obstructive and central apneas under auto-CPAP therapy

Sleep and Breathing — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 18:13:56 +0100

Conclusions The analysis of the pressure characteristics of APAP treatment with the registration of OPP allows a further differentiation in obstructed and not obstructed upper airways. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-5DOI 10.1007/s11325-012-0657-7Authors K. H. Ruhle, Department of Pneumology, HELIOS Clinic Ambrock, Ambrockerweg 60, 58091 Hagen, GermanyU. Domanski, Department of Pneumology, HELIOS Clinic Ambrock, Ambrockerweg 60, 58091 Hagen, GermanyG. Nilius, Department of Pneumology, HELIOS Clinic Ambrock, Ambrockerweg 60, 58091 Hagen, Germany Journal Sleep and BreathingOnline ISSN 1522-1709Print ISSN 1520-9512 (Source: Sleep and Breathing)

RSV hospitalisation and healthcare utilisation in moderately prematurely born infants

European Journal of Pediatrics — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 18:12:28 +0100

In conclusion, RSV hospitalisation in moderately prematurely born infants is associated with increased health-related cost of care. Nevertheless, if RSV prophylaxis is to be cost-effective, a high risk group of moderately prematurely born infants needs to be identified. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s00431-012-1673-0Authors Deena Shefali-Patel, Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, MRC Asthma Centre for Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King’s College London, London, UKMireia Alcazar Paris, Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, MRC Asthma Centre for Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King’s College London, London, UKFran Watson, Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, MRC Asthma Centre for Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma...

Acute Treatment Options for Spinal Cord Injury

Current Treatment Options in Neurology — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 18:12:19 +0100

Opinion statement Most treatment options for acute traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) are directed at minimizing progression of the initial injury and preventing secondary injury. Failure to adhere to certain guiding principles can be detrimental to the long-term neurologic and functional outcome of these patients. Therapy for the hyperacute phase of traumatic SCI focuses on stabilizing vital signs and follows the Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) algorithm for ensuring stability of airway, breathing and circulation, and disability (neurologic evaluation)—with spinal stabilization—and exposure. Spinal stabilization, with cervical collars and long backboards, is used to prevent movement of a potentially unstable spinal column injury to prevent further injury to the sp...

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Local teen wins $10,000 in contest

Cystic Fibrosis Worldwide — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 12:39:38 +0100

(Source: Cystic Fibrosis Worldwide)

The Size 1 ProSeal™ laryngeal mask airway in infants: a randomized, noncrossover study with the Classic™ laryngeal mask airway

Pediatric Anesthesia — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 12:09:21 +0100

Conclusions: We conclude that the size 1 PLMA is a stable, safe, and efficacious airway control device during neonatal and infant anesthesia, allowing higher peak airway pressure during positive pressure ventilation, with fewer mask displacements and gastric insufflations than the cLMA. (Source: Pediatric Anesthesia)

Acid-Base Disorders in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Pathophysiological Review

Clinical and Developmental Immunology — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 11:21:45 +0100

The authors describe the pathophysiological mechanisms leading to development of acidosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its deleterious effects on outcome and mortality rate. Renal compensatory adjustments consequent to acidosis are also described in detail with emphasis on differences between acute and chronic respiratory acidosis. Mixed acid-base disturbances due to comorbidity and side effects of some drugs in these patients are also examined, and practical considerations for a correct diagnosis are provided. (Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology)

Lipid-Laden Alveolar Macrophages and pH Monitoring in Gastroesophageal Reflux-Related Respiratory Symptoms

Clinical and Developmental Immunology — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 11:21:45 +0100

This study was conducted to prove a correlation between the detection of alimentary pulmonary fat phagocytosis and an increasing amount of proximal gastroesophageal reflux. It was assumed that proximal gastroesophageal reflux better correlates with aspiration than distal GER. Patients from 6 months to 16 years with unexplained recurrent wheezy bronchitis and bronchial hyperreactivity, or recurrent pneumonia with chronic cough underwent 24-hour double-channel pH monitoring and bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Aspiration of gastric content was determined by counting lipid laden alveolar macrophages from BAL specimens. There were no correlations between any pH-monitoring parameters and counts of lipid-laden macrophages in the whole study population, even when restricting analys...

Impaired phagocytosis among patients infected by the human immunodeficiency virus: implication for a role of highly active anti‐retroviral therapy

Clinical and Experimental Immunology — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 11:18:43 +0100

SummaryIn patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, neutrophil and monocyte functions, including phagocytosis, are impaired. The purpose of this study was to investigate changes of phagocytic function and respiratory burst occurring over the course of patients infected by the HIV‐1 virus. Treatment‐naive patients (group B), patients receiving highly active anti‐retroviral treatment (HAART) (group C) and patients in which HAART has failed (group D) were studied and compared with healthy volunteers (group A). Phagocytosis and oxidative burst were evaluated using commercially available kits. Results clearly denote a significant decrease of the phagocytic function of both cell types of groups B and C compared with group A. Among group C patients, those in the upper quar...

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sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim, Bactrim, Septra

MedicineNet Lungs General — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 07:00:00 +0100

Title: sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim, Bactrim, SeptraCategory: MedicationsCreated: 12/31/1997Last Editorial Review: 2/2/2012 (Source: MedicineNet Lungs General)

Chronic Cough: New Perspectives in Its Diagnosis and Treatment.

Archivos de Bronconeumologia — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Pacheco A PMID: 22305718 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Archivos de Bronconeumologia)

Cough and dyspnoea may discriminate allergic and infectious respiratory phenotypes in infancy

Pediatric Allergy and Immunology — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

To cite this article: Rancière F, Clarisse B, Nikasinovic L, Just J, Momas I. Cough and dyspnoea may discriminate allergic and infectious respiratory phenotypes in infancy. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2012: doi: 10.1111/j.1399‐3038.2011.01257.x.AbstractAsthma symptoms are non‐specific during infancy, making the identification of different subgroups among preschool children with early respiratory manifestations an important challenge. We previously used a clustering approach to identify bronchial obstructive phenotypes in 1‐yr‐old infants from the Pollution and Asthma Risk: an Infant Study (PARIS) birth cohort. In the present study, we examined whether these phenotypes were stable at 3 yr and studied their comorbidity and risk factors. Partitioning around medoids (PAM) method was app...

Obstructive pressure peak: a new method for differentiation of obstructive and central apneas under auto-CPAP therapy.

Sleep and Breathing — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: The analysis of the pressure characteristics of APAP treatment with the registration of OPP allows a further differentiation in obstructed and not obstructed upper airways. PMID: 22302201 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Sleep and Breathing)

Lung Transplantation in Patients with Prior Cardiothoracic Surgical Procedures

American Journal of Transplantation — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

The full spectrum of prior cardiothoracic procedures in lung transplant candidates and the impact of prior procedures on outcomes after lung transplantation (LTx) remain unknown, though the impact is considered to be large. Patients transplanted at our institution from 2004 to 2009 were identified (n = 554) and divided into two groups: patients who had undergone cardiothoracic surgical (CTS) procedures prior to LTx (n = 238) and patients who had not (non‐CTS: n = 316). Our primary endpoint was survival. Secondary endpoints included allograft function and the incidence of major complications including reexploration due to bleeding, prolonged ventilation, renal insufficiency and primary graft dysfunction. Long‐term survival was not significantly different between the groups whereas posto...

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Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation after surfactant treatment for respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants

Journal of Perinatology — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: R Ramanathan, K C Sekar, M Rasmussen, J Bhatia & R F Soll (Source: Journal of Perinatology)

Endurance exercise attenuates ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction

Journal of Applied Physiology — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Controlled mechanical ventilation (MV) is a life-saving measure for patients in respiratory failure. However, MV renders the diaphragm inactive leading to diaphragm weakness due to both atrophy and contractile dysfunction. It is now established that oxidative stress is a requirement for MV-induced diaphragmatic proteolysis, atrophy, and contractile dysfunction to occur. Given that endurance exercise can elevate diaphragmatic antioxidant capacity and the levels of the cellular stress protein heat shock protein 72 (HSP72), we hypothesized that endurance exercise training before MV would protect the diaphragm against MV-induced oxidative stress, atrophy, and contractile dysfunction in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Our results confirm that endurance exercise training before MV increased both HSP...

Cardiac and vascular responses to thigh cuffs and respiratory maneuvers on crewmembers of the International Space Station

Journal of Applied Physiology — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: acute application of Braslet occlusion cuffs causes lower extremity fluid sequestration and exerts commensurate measurable effects on cardiac performance in microgravity. Ultrasound techniques to measure the hemodynamic effects of thigh cuffs in combination with respiratory maneuvers may serve as an effective tool in determining the volume status of a cardiac or hemodynamically compromised patient at the "microgravity bedside." (Source: Journal of Applied Physiology)

Tracheal occlusions evoke respiratory load compensation and neural activation in anesthetized rats

Journal of Applied Physiology — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Airway obstruction in animals leads to compensation and avoidance behavior and elicits respiratory mechanosensation. The pattern of respiratory load compensation and neural activation in response to intrinsic, transient, tracheal occlusions (ITTO) via an inflatable tracheal cuff are unknown. We hypothesized that ITTO would cause increased diaphragm activity, decreased breathing frequency, and activation of neurons within the medullary and pontine respiratory centers without changing airway compliance. Obstructions were performed for 2–3 breaths followed by a minimum of 15 unobstructed breaths with an inflatable cuff sutured around the trachea in rats. The obstruction procedure was repeated for 10 min. The brains of obstructed and control animals were removed, fixed, sectioned, and st...

Compensatory responses to upper airway obstruction in obese apneic men and women

Journal of Applied Physiology — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Defective structural and neural upper airway properties both play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnea. A more favorable structural upper airway property [pharyngeal critical pressure under hypotonic conditions (passive Pcrit)] has been documented for women. However, the role of sex-related modulation in compensatory responses to upper airway obstruction (UAO), independent of the passive Pcrit, remains unclear. Obese apneic men and women underwent a standard polysomnography and physiological sleep studies to determine sleep apnea severity, passive Pcrit, and compensatory airflow and respiratory timing responses to prolonged periods of UAO. Sixty-two apneic men and women, pairwise matched by passive Pcrit, exhibited similar sleep apnea disease severity during rapid ...

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Impact of repeated daily exposure to intermittent hypoxia and mild sustained hypercapnia on apnea severity

Journal of Applied Physiology — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

We examined whether exposure to intermittent hypoxia (IH) during wakefulness impacted on the apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) during sleep in individuals with sleep apnea. Participants were exposed to twelve 4-min episodes of hypoxia in the presence of sustained mild hypercapnia each day for 10 days. A control group was exposed to sustained mild hypercapnia for a similar duration. The intermittent hypoxia protocol was completed in the evening on day 1 and 10 and was followed by a sleep study. During all sleep studies, the change in esophageal pressure (Pes) from the beginning to the end of an apnea and the tidal volume immediately following apneic events were used to measure respiratory drive. Following exposure to IH on day 1 and 10, the AHI increased above baseline measures (day 1: 1.95 &plusm...

Predictors of flu vaccination among urban Hispanic children and adults

Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Possible methods for increasing vaccination levels in urban Hispanic communities include improving health literacy, making low-cost vaccination available and encouraging providers to use other office visits as opportunities to mention vaccination to patients. Registration number This study is registered at http://ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00448981). (Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health)

Is low dose inhaled corticosteroid therapy as effective for inflammation and remodeling in asthma? A randomized, parallel group study.

Respiratory Research — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: 200mcg/day of FP was as effective as 1000mcg/day in improving symptom control, airway inflammation, lung function and AHR in adults with mild to moderate asthma in the short term. Future studies should examine potential differential effects between low and high dose combination therapy (ICS/long acting beta agonist) on inflammation and airway remodeling over longer treatment periods. (Source: Respiratory Research)

Systemic inflammatory profile and response to anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Respiratory Research — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: A robust systemic inflammatory profile was associated with COPD. This profile was generally independent of disease severity. Because anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha did not influence systemic inflammation, how to control the underlying pathology beyond symptom suppression remains unclear.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, No.: NCT00056264. (Source: Respiratory Research)

Mandibular distraction in neonates: indications, technique, results

Italian Journal of Pediatrics — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis is a good solution in solving respiratory distress when other procedures are failed in paediatric patients with severe micrognatia. (Source: Italian Journal of Pediatrics)

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Tracheal Colonization in Preterm Infants Supported with Nasal CPAP

Pediatrics International — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: The trachea of premature infants supported with CPAP is at risk for bacterial colonization. Predisposing factors, mechanisms and clinical implications of these novel findings need to be studied.© 2012 The Authors. Pediatrics International © 2012 Japan Pediatric Society (Source: Pediatrics International)

Radiofrequency volumetric tissue reduction of the inferior turbinate in a sheep model

The Laryngoscope — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions:The sheep model is useful for study of both the anatomic and histopathologic effects of endonasal procedures. Standard endoscopic instruments and acoustic rhinometry can be used in this model with reproducible results. In this pilot animal study, radiofrequency devices for inferior turbinate reduction demonstrated greater preservation of normal nasal mucosal respiratory epithelium when compared to monopolar electrosurgery. (Source: The Laryngoscope)

Mediastinal goiter presenting with ventricular tachycardia

Head and Neck — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

ConclusionTo our knowledge, this case represents the first documented presentation of ventricular tachycardia as a unique and sole feature of mediastinal goiter. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012 (Source: Head and Neck)

Venous thromboembolism in patients with head and neck cancer after surgery

Head and Neck — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

ConclusionThe incidence of VTE in patients with head and neck cancer after resection and microvascular reconstruction ranged from 1.4% to 5.8%. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012 (Source: Head and Neck)

The development of simple survival prediction models for blunt trauma victims treated at Asian emergency centers

Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: These equations allow physicians to perform real-time assessments of survival by easy mental calculations at Asian emergency centers, which are overcrowded with blunt injury victims of traffic accidents. (Source: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine)

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Regional quantification of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and β‐adrenoceptors in human airways

British Journal of Pharmacology — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions and Implications. From the present radioligand binding approach with intact tissue segments, we constructed a distribution map of mAChRs and β‐adrenoceptors in human bronchus and lung parenchyma for the first time, providing important evidence for future pharmacotherapy and new drug development for respiratory disorders.© 2012 The Authors. British Journal of Pharmacology © 2012 The British Pharmacological Society (Source: British Journal of Pharmacology)

Validation of the Better Care® system to detect ineffective efforts during expiration in mechanically ventilated patients: a pilot study

Intensive Care Medicine — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 17:14:14 +0100

Conclusions In this pilot, Better Care® classified breaths as IEE in close agreement with experts and the EAdi signal. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory OriginalPages 1-9DOI 10.1007/s00134-012-2493-4Authors Lluis Blanch, Critical Care Center, Hospital de Sabadell, Corporacio Sanitaria Universitària Parc Tauli, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Parc Taulí 1, 08208 Sabadell, SpainBernat Sales, CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, ISCiii, Madrid, SpainJaume Montanya, Fundació Parc Tauli, Corporacio Sanitaria Universitària Parc Tauli, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, SpainUmberto Lucangelo, Department of Perioperative Medicine, Intensive Care and Emergency, Cattinara Hospital, Trieste University, Trieste, ItalyOscar Garcia-Esquirol, Critical Care Cente...

Management of Smell Dysfunction

Current Allergy and Asthma Reports — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 17:13:10 +0100

Abstract Olfaction is an essential chemosensory system in the living world. Although less appreciated in humans, smell impairment significantly affects many aspects of quality of life. Smell disorders may be caused by an impaired nasal airway or by lesions in the olfactory system, leading to reduced or distorted smell perception. The most common causes of smell disorders are aging, upper respiratory tract infection, sinonasal disease, and head trauma. Recovery is rarely complete. Counseling is important in progressive or severe smell loss. In patients with distorted smell perception, antidepressant medication is sometimes necessary. Best response to treatment is achieved for nasal obstruction and sinonasal inflammatory disease. Treatment of olfactory impairment caused by s...

Sinus Imaging for Diagnosis of Chronic Rhinosinusitis in Children

Current Allergy and Asthma Reports — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 17:13:09 +0100

Abstract Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a relatively common disease in children but is often overlooked because at times the clinical symptoms are subtle and nonspecific. This makes imaging very important in the diagnosis. Among the different techniques, plain radiography has limited utility, whereas CT scan and MRI have a major role in evaluating the modifications caused by the disease. In particular, a CT scan provides higher resolution of bone and soft tissue and removes the overlapping structures that are present in conventional radiography. CT is recommended in isolated sphenoid sinusitis, is essential in diagnosing fungal sinusitis, and is the technique of choice when orbital complications are suspected. MRI allows investigation of not only the morphology of structu...

Central apnea after adenotonsillectomy in childhood: case report

Sleep and Breathing — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 17:12:46 +0100

Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportPages 1-6DOI 10.1007/s11325-011-0634-6Authors Leila Azevedo de Almeida, Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences—Neurology Division, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, BrazilAlan Luiz Eckeli, Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences—Neurology Division, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, BrazilWilma Terezinha Anselmo Lima, Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, CEP: 14048-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, BrazilEdgard Camilo de Oliveira Filho, Cardiology Division, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University...

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Does Decline of Lung Function in Wheezy Infants Justify the Early Start of Controller Medications?

Indian Journal of Pediatrics — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 17:12:04 +0100

Conclusions Lung function, eosinophilic percentage, total serum IgE and asthma risk factors could be used as predictors for ongoing wheeze in this subset of children. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-5DOI 10.1007/s12098-012-0694-zAuthors Magdy Zedan, Allergy Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Pin Code: 35516 Box 50, Mansoura, EgyptNehad Nasef, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, EgyptMohamed El-Bayoumy, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, EgyptMohamed El-Assmy, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, EgyptGehan Attia, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, EgyptMohamed...

A transgenic Marc-145 cell line of piggyBac transposon-derived targeting shRNA interference against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

Veterinary Research Communications — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 17:11:19 +0100

In this study, we designed 5 of the small hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) targeting the GP5 and M gene of PRRSV respectively, and investigated their inhibition to the production of PRRSV. The highest activity displayed in shRNAs of the ORF6e sequence (nts 261-279), which the inhibition rate reached was 99.09%. The result suggests that RNAi technology might serve as a potential molecular strategy for PRRSV therapy. Furthermore, the transgenic Marc-145 cell line of piggyBac transposon-derived targeting shRNA interference against PRRS virus was established. It presented stable inhibition to the replication and amplification of PRRS. The work implied that shRNAs targeting the GP5 and M gene of PRRSV may be used as potential RNA vaccines in vivo, and supplied the screening methods of transformed pig...

Morbidity of foreign travelers in Attica, Greece: a retrospective study

European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 17:11:04 +0100

Abstract Over the last decade, travel medicine was mainly focused on the epidemiology of diseases among travelers to developing countries. However, less is known about travel-related morbidity in Europe. We evaluated the demographic and clinical characteristics of foreign travelers to Greece during a 5-year period (01/01/2005 - 31/12/2009) who sought medical services from a network of physicians performing house-call visits (SOS Doctors) in the area of Attica, Greece. Overall, 3,414 foreign travelers [children (≤18 years of age): 27%] were identified; 151 (4.4%) required transfer to a hospital. The most common clinical entities were: respiratory disorders (34%), diarrheal disease (19%), musculoskeletal (12%), dermatologic (7%), non-diarrheal gastrointestinal (6%), a...

Non-platinum regimens of gemcitabine plus docetaxel versus platinum-based regimens in first-line treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis on 9 randomized controlled trials

Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 17:10:03 +0100

Conclusions GD acquired similar survival with platinum-based regimens in first-line treatment of advanced NSCLC. Platinum-based regimens had an advantage in TTP and ORR with more grade 3–4 nausea/vomiting, anemia, neutropenia and febrile neutropenia compared with GD. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-11DOI 10.1007/s00280-012-1833-yAuthors Yong Yu, Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 1055 SanXiang Road, Suzhou, 215004 ChinaXun Xu, Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 1055 SanXiang Road, Suzhou, 215004 ChinaZiyan Du, Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 1055 SanXiang Roa...

Nasal CPAP With 'Heliox' Can Spare Preemies From VentilatorsNasal CPAP With 'Heliox' Can Spare Preemies From Ventilators

Medscape Pediatrics Headlines — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 13:16:04 +0100

In preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome, using heliox - 80% helium and 20% oxygen - with nasal CPAP reduces the need for mechanical ventilation. Reuters Health Information (Source: Medscape Pediatrics Headlines)

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Against Lung Cancer Cells: To Be, or Not to Be, That Is the Problem

Research Letters in Nanotechnology — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 11:48:01 +0100

Tobacco smoke and radioactive radon gas impose a high risk for lung cancer. The radon-derived ionizing radiation and some components of cigarette smoke induce oxidative stress by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). Respiratory lung cells are subject to the ROS that causes DNA breaks, which subsequently bring about DNA mutagenesis and are intimately linked with carcinogenesis. The damaged cells by oxidative stress are often destroyed through the active apoptotic pathway. However, the ROS also perform critical signaling functions in stress responses, cell survival, and cell proliferation. Some molecules enhance radiation-induced tumor cell killing via the reduction in DNA repair levels. Hence the DNA repair levels may be a novel therapeutic modality in overcoming drug resistance in lun...

FDA Approves KALYDECO™ (ivacaftor), the First Medicine to Treat the Underlying Cause of Cystic Fibro

Cystic Fibrosis Worldwide — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 09:23:13 +0100

(Source: Cystic Fibrosis Worldwide)

Some Allergic Inflammation May Be Due To Exposure To Common Environmental Bacteria

Health News from Medical News Today — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 09:00:00 +0100

Could some cases of asthma actually be caused by an allergic reaction to a common environmental bacteria? New research findings published in the Journal of Leukocyte Biology suggests that this idea may not be as far-fetched as it seems. In a research report appearing in the February 2012 print issue, researchers show a link between common environmental bacteria and airway inflammation... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Lungs Infected With Plague Bacteria Also Become Playgrounds For Other Microbes

Health News from Medical News Today — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 08:00:00 +0100

Among medical mysteries baffling many infectious disease experts is exactly how the deadly pneumonic plague bacterium, Yersinia pestis, goes undetected in the first few day of lung infection, often until it's too late for medical treatment. New research from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine has opened a door to the answer. Researchers led by William E. Goldman, PhD, professor and chair of microbiology and immunology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hilland a leading authority on Y... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

First Drug to Target Cause of Cystic Fibrosis Approved

MedicineNet Lungs General — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 07:00:00 +0100

Title: First Drug to Target Cause of Cystic Fibrosis ApprovedCategory: Health NewsCreated: 2/1/2012 11:01:00 AMLast Editorial Review: 2/1/2012 (Source: MedicineNet Lungs General)

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Health Highlights: Jan. 31, 2012

MedicineNet Lungs General — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 07:00:00 +0100

Title: Health Highlights: Jan. 31, 2012Category: Health NewsCreated: 1/31/2012 4:05:00 PMLast Editorial Review: 2/1/2012 (Source: MedicineNet Lungs General)

Zimbabwe: Prevention Better Than Cure - Madzorera

AllAfrica News: HIV-Aids and STDs — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 06:27:19 +0100

[The Herald] ZIMBABWE is still experiencing a huge burden of communicable diseases with acute respiratory infections, intestinal infections, pulmonary tuberculosis, with HIV being among the top 10 causes of morbidity and mortality, a Cabinet minister has revealed. (Source: AllAfrica News: HIV-Aids and STDs)

Treatments for anxiety and depression in patients with COPD: a literature review

Respirology — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a serious contemporary health issue. Psychological co‐morbidities such as anxiety and depression are common in COPD. We have examined current evidence for treatment options that provide potential to reduce anxiety and depression in patients with COPD.There is evidence available for the efficacy of pharmacological treatments, cognitive behavioural therapy, pulmonary rehabilitation, relaxation therapy and palliative care in COPD. Therapeutic modalities that have not been proven effective in decreasing anxiety and depression in COPD, but which have theoretical potential amongst patients, include interpersonal psychotherapy, self‐management programmes, more extensive disease management programmes, supportive therapy, and self‐help g...

A Child With Severe Pneumomediastinum and ABCA3 Gene Mutation: A Puzzling Connection.

Archivos de Bronconeumologia — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Copertino M, Barbi E, Poli F, Zennaro F, Ferrari M, Carrera P, Ventura A PMID: 22304854 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Archivos de Bronconeumologia)

Closure of a Fistula in the Main Bronchus After Pneumonectomy With an Occlutech Figulla Flex ASD.

Archivos de Bronconeumologia — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Galbis JM, Sánchez F, Estors M PMID: 22304855 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Archivos de Bronconeumologia)

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Central nervous system stimulants: basic pharmacology and relevance to anaesthesia and critical care

Anaesthesia and intensive care medicine — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Sympathomimetic agents are commonly encountered in anaesthetic and critical care settings. Some only act on autonomic nervous system reflexes, whilst others affect higher mental function – thus these agents are used frequently in the clinical setting, as well as being drugs of abuse (e.g. the amphetamines). Competition for various metabolic and transport processes can lead to dangerous drug interactions, with sympathetic nervous system overactivity being the major consequence leading to morbidity. They are an important group of drugs and a detailed understanding of their pharmacology is vital to the safe practice of anaesthesia and critical care medicine.Respiratory stimulants also have their place in modern medical treatment. Doxapram and the methylxanthines are used clinicall...

Preventive use of noninvasive ventilation after planned extubation.

Respiratory Care — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Figueroa-Casas JB PMID: 22304798 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Respiratory Care)

A Peek at PEEP in Patients With AIDS.

Respiratory Care — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Mehta S, Lapinsky SE PMID: 22304799 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Respiratory Care)

High-frequency chest wall compressions: good for the patient? Good for the clinician?

Respiratory Care — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Ntoumenopoulos G PMID: 22304800 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Respiratory Care)

Obstructive sleep apnea and prolonged mechanical ventilation.

Respiratory Care — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Johnson DC, Johnson KG PMID: 22304801 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Respiratory Care)

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Accuracy and reliability of extubation decisions by intensivists.

Respiratory Care — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Kallet RH PMID: 22304802 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Respiratory Care)

Critical Illness Related Pneumonia Rather Than Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP).

Respiratory Care — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Zandstra DF, Petros AJ, Silvestri L, van Saene HK, Taylor N PMID: 22304803 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Respiratory Care)

Additional experimental evidence that statins protect against acute lung injury.

Respiratory Care — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Siempos II, Kopterides P, Armaganidis A PMID: 22304804 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Respiratory Care)

Pediatric asthma management.

Respiratory Care — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Miller A PMID: 22304805 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Respiratory Care)