MedWorm: Hormonal Therapy

A Nationwide Cohort Study on the Incidence of Meningioma in Women Using Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy in Finland

American Journal of Epidemiology — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

The authors conducted a nationwide cohort study to evaluate the association between postmenopausal hormone therapy and meningioma incidence in Finland. All women who had used hormone therapy at least for 6 months at the age of 50 years or older during 1994–2009 were included. Women who had used postmenopausal hormone therapy were identified from the medical reimbursement register of the Social Insurance Institution (131,480 estradiol users and 131,248 estradiol-progestin users), and meningioma cases were identified from the Finnish Cancer Registry. During the average 9 years of follow-up, 289 estradiol users and 196 estradiol-progestin users were diagnosed with meningioma. Ever use of estradiol-only therapy was associated with an increased risk of meningioma (standardized incidence r...

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Effect of a combination of genistein, polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamins D3 and K1 on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind pilot study

European Journal of Nutrition — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 17:57:46 +0100

Conclusions The GBB may help to prevent osteoporosis and reduce fracture risk, at least at the hip, in postmenopausal women. Larger and longer-term clinical trials are warranted. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ContributionPages 1-13DOI 10.1007/s00394-012-0304-xAuthors Joan Lappe, Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University Medical Center, 601 North 30th Street, Suite 4820, Omaha, NE 68131, USAIris Kunz, DSM Nutritional Products, R&D Human Nutrition and Health, Kaiseraugst, SwitzerlandIgor Bendik, DSM Nutritional Products, R&D Human Nutrition and Health, Kaiseraugst, SwitzerlandKevin Prudence, DSM Nutritional Products, R&D Human Nutrition and Health, Kaiseraugst, SwitzerlandPeter Weber, DSM Nutritional Products, R&D Human Nutrition and Health, Ka...

Pomegranate seed oil doesn't offer significant short-term hot flash relief

Modern Medicine — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Women who take pomegranate seed oil in the hope of reducing menopausal hot flashes and avoiding hormone therapy get no more relief than women taking placebo, a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded clinical trial of the substance has found. (Source: Modern Medicine)

Effect of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids on castration-resistant Pten-null prostate cancer

Carcinogenesis — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

A common treatment of advanced prostate cancer involves the deprivation of androgens. Despite the initial response to hormonal therapy, eventually all the patients relapse. In the present study, we sought to determine whether dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) affects the development of castration-resistant prostate cancer. Cell culture, patient tissue microarray, allograft, xenograft, prostate-specific Pten knockout and omega-3 desaturase transgenic mouse models in conjunction with dietary manipulation, gene knockdown and knockout approaches were used to determine the effect of dietary PUFA on castration-resistant Pten-null prostate cancer. We found that deletion of Pten increased androgen receptor (AR) expression and Pten-null prostate cells were castration resistant. Omega-3 PUFA...

Androgenic suppression combined with radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate adenocarcinoma: a systematic review

BMC Cancer — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Based on the findings of this systematic review, the evidence supports the use of androgen suppression with goserelin monotherapy as the standard treatment for patients with prostate cancer treated with radiotherapy, which are at high risk of recurrence or metastases. (Source: BMC Cancer)

A retrospective review of pituitary MRI findings in children on growth hormone therapy

Pediatric Radiology — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 17:09:46 +0100

Conclusion Children with multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies were more likely to have the classic triad than children with isolated growth hormone deficiency. A normal MRI was the most common finding in children with isolated growth hormone deficiency. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-6DOI 10.1007/s00247-012-2349-7Authors Sarah L. Tsai, Division of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Canada K1H 8L1Eoghan Laffan, Pediatric Radiology, Children’s University Hospital, Dublin 1, IrelandSarah Lawrence, Division of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Canada K1H 8L1 Journal Pediatric RadiologyOnline ISS...

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Panhypopituitarism Presenting as Life-Threatening Heart Failure Caused by an Inherited Microdeletion in 1q25 Including LHX4

PEDIATRICS — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

We report on a neonate with unexplained heart failure and minor physical anomalies, suggesting a midline defect. She was diagnosed with complete CPHD. Cardiac function was rescued by replacement with hydrocortisone and thyroxine; hypoglycaemia stopped under growth hormone therapy. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a dysgenetic pituitary gland suggesting an early developmental defect. Array comparative genomic hybridization showed a maternally inherited 1.5-megabase microdeletion in 1q25.2q25.3, including the LHX4 gene. Haploinsufficiency of LHX4 likely explains the predominant pituitary phenotype in the proposita and we suggest variable intrafamilial penetrance of the inherited microdeletion. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to report on heart failure as a rare nonspecific ...

Common Structural and Epigenetic Changes in the Genome of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer

Cancer Research — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

In this study, we investigated gene copy number and CpG methylation status in CRPC to gain insight into specific pathophysiologic pathways that are active in this advanced form of prostate cancer. Our analysis defined and validated 495 genes exhibiting significant differences in CRPC in gene copy number, including gains in androgen receptor (AR) and losses of PTEN and retinoblastoma 1 (RB1). Significant copy number differences existed between tumors with or without AR gene amplification, including a common loss of AR repressors in AR-unamplified tumors. Simultaneous gene methylation and allelic deletion occurred frequently in RB1 and HSD17B2, the latter of which is involved in testosterone metabolism. Lastly, genomic DNA from most CRPC was hypermethylated compared with benign prostate tiss...

Autophagy regulates lipolysis and cell survival through lipid droplet degradation in androgen‐sensitive prostate cancer cells

The Prostate — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONAutophagy mediates LD degradation and lipolysis in androgen‐sensitive PCa cells during androgen deprivation which aids the survival of PCa cells during hormone therapy. Prostate © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: The Prostate)

In Regard to “Breast Cancer Recurrent on Supraclavicular Node(s): What Is the Treatment?” (Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2011;80:1453–1457)

International Journal of Radiation Oncology * Biology * Physics — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 09:33:53 +0100

To the Editor: In a recent issue of this journal, Reddy et al. reported encouraging overall survival data after isolated supraclavicular nodal recurrence (ISNR) in breast cancer patients previously submitted to mastectomy and doxorubicin-based chemotherapy with or without irradiation. The prognosis of ISNR is generally poor: it has been shown that patients have a 5-year survival rate ranging between 5% and 35% . Reddy et al. reported that at the time of relapse the treatment was principally oriented to systemic therapy, whereas an “aggressive local approach” was delivered in only 6 patients, 3 of whom received radiation. In this retrospective analysis the authors observed an overall 3-year survival rate of 49%, with a 3-year distant metastasis–free survival rate of 40% in 47 patien...

Building a better hormone therapy? How understanding the rapid effects of sex steroid hormones could lead to new therapeutics for age-related memory decline.

Behavioral Neuroscience — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

A wealth of data collected in recent decades has demonstrated that ovarian sex-steroid hormones, particularly 17β-estradiol (E2), are important trophic factors that regulate the function of cognitive regions of the brain such as the hippocampus. The loss of hormone cycling at menopause is associated with cognitive decline and dementia in women, and the onset of memory decline in animal models. However, hormone therapy is not currently recommended to prevent or treat cognitive decline, in part because of its detrimental side effects. In this article, it is proposed that investigations of the rapid effects of E2 on hippocampal function be used to further the design of new drugs that mimic the beneficial effects of E2 on memory without the side effects of current therapies. A conceptual mode...

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Androgen deprivation therapy-associated vasomotor symptoms.

Asian Journal of Andrology — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

This article reviews current options for the treatment of hot flashes in patients taking ADT.Asian Journal of Andrology advance online publication, 30 January 2012; doi:10.1038/aja.2011.101. PMID: 22286861 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Asian Journal of Andrology)

Adherence and discontinuation of adjuvant hormonal therapy in breast cancer patients: a population-based study

Breast Cancer Research and Treatment — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 17:55:29 +0100

Abstract Adherence to long-term pharmacological treatment for chronic conditions is often less than optimal. Till date, a limited number of population-based studies have assessed adherence to adjuvant hormonal therapy in breast cancer, a therapy with proven benefits in terms of reductions of recurrence and mortality. We aimed to examine rates of adherence and early discontinuation in Sweden where prescribed medications are subsidized for all residents and made available at reduced out-of-pocket costs. Individual-level data were obtained from Regional Clinical Quality Breast Cancer Registers, the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register, and several other population-based registers. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze factors associated with adherence to prescribed...

Body size and the risk of postmenopausal breast cancer subtypes in the California Teachers Study cohort

Cancer Causes and Control — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 17:55:04 +0100

Conclusions The effects of body size on postmenopausal breast cancer risk differed by hormone receptor subtype, and among women with ER+PR+ tumors, by HT use and early adult body size. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original paperPages 1-13DOI 10.1007/s10552-012-9897-xAuthors Alison J. Canchola, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, 2201 Walnut Avenue, Suite 300, Fremont, CA 94538, USAHoda Anton-Culver, Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USALeslie Bernstein, Division of Cancer Etiology, Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USAChristina A. Clarke, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, 2201 Walnut Avenue, Suite 300, Fremont, CA 94538, USAKatherine Hend...

Physical activity and change in quality of life during menopause- an 8-year follow-up study

Health and Quality of Life Outcomes — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Background and objectives. The aim of this study was to study the role of menopausal status and physical activity on quality of life. Methods: A total of 1,165 Finnish women aged 45-64 years from a national representative population-based study were followed up for 8 years. Study participants completed the Health 2000 study questionnaire and follow-up questionnaire in 2008. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was used to measure the effect of menopausal status on global quality of life (QoL). Other variables included in the analyses were age, education, change of physical activity as assessed with metabolic equivalents, change of weight and hormone therapy (HRT) use. Results: Peri- and postmenopausal women increased their physical activity (28% and 27%) during the eight-year follow up per...

Tissue-Specific Regulation of Genes by Estrogen Receptors

Seminars in Reproductive Medicine — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Semin Reprod Med 2012; 30: 14-22DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1299593Estrogens are frequently used in reproductive medicine. The Women’s Health Initiative trial found that the risks of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) exceed the benefits. The estrogens in MHT, however, were introduced prior to our understanding of the mechanism of action of estrogens. Estrogen signaling is highly complex, involving various DNA regulatory elements to which estrogen receptors bind. Numerous transcription factors and co-regulatory proteins modify chromatin structure to further regulate gene transcription. With a greater understanding of estrogen action, the major problem with the current estrogens in MHT appears to be that they are nonselective. This produces beneficial effects in bone, brain, and adipose tissue but ...

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[Errata] Erratum

Lancet Neurology — Sat, 21 Jan 2012 01:16:38 +0100

Lisabeth L, Bushnell C. Stroke risk in women: the role of menopause and hormone therapy. Lancet Neurol 2012; 11: 82–91—In this Review the citation at the top of the margin on the first page should have read Lancet Neurol2012; 11: 82–91. This correction has been made to the online version as of December 22, 2011. (Source: Lancet Neurology)

Growth response of Egyptian children with idiopathic short stature during four years of growth hormone therapy

Indian Journal of Human Genetics — Fri, 20 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Our study showed multiplicity of predictors that is responsible for response in ISS children treated with rhGH, and BA was an important predictor. (Source: Indian Journal of Human Genetics)

The effect of hormonal treatment on conspicuity of prostate cancer: Implications for focal boosting radiotherapy.

Fri, 20 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Prolonged androgen deprivation decreases tumor conspicuity. Different imaging thresholds need to be set to delineate tumor in patients who have had prolonged hormonal treatment. PMID: 22265733 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Radiotherapy and Oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology)

Effects of oral estradiol and levonorgestrel on cardiovascular risk markers in postmenopausal women

Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 06:56:13 +0100

Conclusions Hormone therapy using 1.0 or 0.5 mg of mE2 and LNG lowers the serum levels of TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, and TG without significantly affecting coagulation/fibrinolysis parameters. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory General GynecologyPages 1-10DOI 10.1007/s00404-012-2222-9Authors Masakazu Terauchi, Comprehensive Reproductive Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8510 JapanHideo Honjo, Kyoto Gakusai Institute, Kyoto, JapanHideki Mizunuma, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Aomori, JapanTakeshi Aso, Comprehensive Reproductive Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8510 Japan Journal Archives of Gynecology and ObstetricsOnl...

Deficits in Spermatogenesis but not Neurogenesis are Alleviated by Chronic Testosterone Therapy in R6/1 Huntington’s Disease Mice

Journal of Neuroendocrinology — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 20:29:19 +0100

Despite the well established central pathophysiology of Huntington’s disease (HD), less is known about systemic impairments that are emerging as significant contributors to the morbidity of this neurodegenerative condition. Given the evidence of neuroendocrine dysfunction in HD patients and the pro‐neural properties of sex‐hormones, we explored the therapeutic potential of hormone therapy in the HD R6/1 mouse model (HD mice). HD mice over‐express exon‐1 of the defective human HD gene and replicate many of the clinical behavioural, biochemical and physiological impairments. Seven‐week‐old HD and wild‐type littermate mice had either saline (control) or testosterone (treatment; 160 μg/day over 90 days) pellets implanted s.c. and were subsequently subjected to behavioural,...

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Study faults research linking hormone therapy to cancer (AFP, 16 January 2012)

Society for Endocrinology — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 12:00:00 +0100

A review published in the Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health examines the 2003 'Million Women Study' into menopausal hormone replacement therapy and breast cancer. Full article (Source: Society for Endocrinology)

Vaccinia Virus GLV1h-153: Effective Novel Treatment Agent and Imaging Tool for the Detection of Positive Surgical Margins of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

Journal of Surgical Research — Sat, 14 Jan 2012 22:29:04 +0100

Conclusions: This proof-of-principle study is the first to demonstrate killing of TNBC by a novel vaccinia virus in vitro and in vivo. Our results suggest that GLV-1h153 is a promising therapeutic agent and imaging tool for identifying positive surgical margins. (Source: Journal of Surgical Research)

[Nondetectable prostate cancer in radical prostatectomy specimens].

Orvosi Hetilap — Fri, 13 Jan 2012 21:00:24 +0100

Conclusion: The rate of pT0 staging was higher in the hormonally treated group. Because of biochemical and clinical relapse despite vanishing prostate cancer phenomenon, these cases are considered not to be true pT0. On the basis of present study and other reports the rate of pT0 staging is about one percentage in non-hormonally treated patients. Prognosis of these patients is excellent. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 113-117. PMID: 22236417 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Orvosi Hetilap)

Human chorionic gonadotrophin treatment prior to microdissection testicular sperm extraction in non-obstructive azoospermia

Human Reproduction — Fri, 13 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS The Leydig cells of the testis can respond positively to exogenous hCG even under hypergonadotropic conditions. HCG-based hormonal therapy prior to a second micro-TESE attempt is effective in men with hypospermatogenesis. (Source: Human Reproduction)

Reproductive wish in transsexual men

Human Reproduction — Fri, 13 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS Our data reveal that the majority of transsexual men desire to have children. Therefore, more attention should be paid to this topic during the diagnostic phase of transition and to the consequences for genetic parenthood after starting sex reassignment therapy. (Source: Human Reproduction)

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Adjuvant Hormonal Therapy Use Among Women with Ductal Carcinoma In Situ

Journal of Women — Thu, 12 Jan 2012 16:28:33 +0100

Journal of Women's Health Jan 2012, Vol. 21, No. 1: 35-42. (Source: Journal of Women)

Cabazitaxel with radiation and hormone therapy may improve prostate cancer survival

EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health — Thu, 12 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Thomas Jefferson University) Jefferson's Kimmel Cancer Center has started a Phase I clinical trial investigating the latest prostate cancer chemotherapy drug to extend survival, Cabazitaxel, in combination with radiation and hormone therapy. This first-of-its-kind multimodality approach could improve disease control and eventually survival for locally advanced prostate cancer patients. (Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health)

Is Tamoxifen Alone Adequate Therapy in Very Young Chinese Women with Operable Breast Cancer?

The Breast Journal — Wed, 11 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Breast cancer occurs earlier in Chinese women than in Caucasian women. We have compared the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis in very young and older premenopausal women with breast cancer in south China. We separated 905 consecutive premenopausal patients with first diagnosis of breast cancer, surgically treated at the Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center from October 2003 to December 2006, into a very young group (189 [13.7%]; <35 years old) and an older group (716 [52.0%]; 35–57 years old). Approximately, 90% of patients received adjuvant chemotherapy and hormonal therapy with tamoxifen for hormone‐receptor (HR)‐positive breast cancer. We retrospectively compared the clinicopathologic factors and survival rates of these two groups. The 3‐year ...

Impaired puberty, fertility and final stature in 45,X/46,XY mixed gonadal dysgenetic patients raised as boys.

European Journal of Endocrinology — Wed, 11 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

ConclusionsIn summary, 45,X/46,XY children born with ambiguous genitalia and raised as boys have an altered pubertal course and impaired fertility associated with adult short stature, which should therefore be taken into consideration for the management of these patients. PMID: 22236473 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: European Journal of Endocrinology)

Oncologic and Reproductive outcomes with progestin therapy in women with endometrial hyperplasia and grade 1 Adenocarcinoma: A systematic review.

Gynecologic Oncology — Wed, 11 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: Based on this systematic review of the contemporary literature, endometrial hyperplasia has a significantly higher likelihood of response (66%) to hormonal therapy than grade 1 endometrial carcinoma (48%). Disease persistence is more common in women with carcinoma (25%) compared to hyperplasia (14%). Reproductive outcomes do not seem to differ between the cohorts. PMID: 22245711 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Gynecologic Oncology)

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Soy Protein Supplements Do Not Reduce Plaque in Arteries of Postmenopausal Women

NCCAM Featured Content — Tue, 10 Jan 2012 18:40:14 +0100

Soy protein supplements containing isoflavones do not significantly reduce the progression of atherosclerosis (build-up of plaque in the arteries) in postmenopausal women, according to a recent study published in the journal Stroke. However, a subgroup analysis of this study showed that soy supplements may benefit women who had experienced menopause within the last 5 years. Isoflavones are compounds similar to the female hormone estrogen and act like estrogen in some tissues. Previous epidemiological and laboratory research has suggested that isoflavones extracted from soybeans may have cardioprotective effects and may be a safe therapeutic alternative to hormone therapy for postmenopausal women. (Source: NCCAM Featured Content)

Indication Of Considerable Added Benefit From Abiraterone In Certain Prostate Cancer Patients

Health News from Medical News Today — Tue, 10 Jan 2012 08:00:00 +0100

Advantages for men with metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer who are no longer eligible for docetaxel therapy Abiraterone (trade name: Zytiga®) has been approved since September 2011 for men with metastatic prostate cancer that is no longer responsive to hormone therapy and progresses further during or after therapy with the cytostatic drug docetaxel... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Copy number variations of GSTT1 and GSTM1, colorectal cancer risk and possible effect modification of cigarette smoking and menopausal hormone therapy

International Journal of Cancer — Tue, 10 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractCopy number variations (CNVs) of the glutathione‐S‐transferase theta‐1 (GSTT1) and glutathione‐S‐transferase mu‐1 (GSTM1) gene loci can lead to complete lack of enzyme and have been associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. Since GSTs are involved in the detoxification of xenobiotics, CNVs may modify CRC risk associated with smoking exposure and menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) use.We investigated CRC risk associated with GSTT1 and GSTM1 CNVs and their interaction with smoking in 1796 cases and 1806 age‐, sex‐ and residence‐matched controls from a German population‐based case‐control study (DACHS). The interaction with MHT was assessed in the subset of 684 postmenopausal female cases and 681 controls. Trimodular genotypes (0/0, 1/0, 1/1) were determined wi...

Management of cryptorchidism: a survey of clinical practice in Italy

BMC Pediatrics - Latest articles — Tue, 10 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Our study showed an important delay in orchidopexy. A quarter of children with cryptorchidism was treated with hormonal therapy. In line with the Consensus guidelines, surgery was carried out by a paediatric surgeon in the majority of cases, with a high success rate. (Source: BMC Pediatrics - Latest articles)

Nuclear Hormone Receptor Signals as New Therapeutic Targets for Urothelial Carcinoma.

Current Cancer Drug Targets — Tue, 10 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Miyamoto H, Zheng Y, Izumi K Abstract Unlike prostate and breast cancers, urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder is not yet considered as an endocrine-related neoplasm, and hormonal therapy for bladder cancer remains experimental. Nonetheless, there are increasing amounts of evidence indicating that nuclear hormone receptor signals are implicated in the development and progression of bladder cancer. Androgen-mediated androgen receptor (AR) signals have been convincingly shown to induce bladder tumorigenesis. Androgens also promote the growth of AR-positive bladder cancer cells, although it is controversial whether AR plays a dominant role in bladder cancer progression. Both stimulatory and inhibitory functions of estrogen receptor signals in bladder cancer have been r...

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Systemic therapy for advanced endometrial cancer.

Bulletin du Cancer — Tue, 10 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Tazi Y, Pautier P, Lhommé C Abstract Endometrial cancer has generally a good prognosis when it is diagnosed at an early stage but remains incurable at an advanced stage (recurrent or metastatic) with only few therapeutic options. Hormone therapy is the treatment of choice in case of slowly progressive disease with a tumor expressing hormonal receptors due to its favorable safety profile. Taxanes, anthracyclines and platinum compounds are the most active chemotherapy agents with greater response rates when they are combined at the price of a significant toxicity. Targeted therapies based on a better understanding of tumor biology are being evaluated with some promising results. PMID: 22236886 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Bulletin du Cancer)

New! Profiles in Endocrine-Related Cancer

Society for Endocrinology — Mon, 09 Jan 2012 12:00:00 +0100

Endocrine-Related Cancer has published the first in a new series of Profiles on key figures in endocrinology which are available free online. In the first Profile 'Chaos theory and a career in medicine' Dr Marc Lippman gives a fascinating insight into his early life and career in cancer research. He describes his career as being the outcome of 'The Butterfly Effect', a culmination of small yet significant opportunities which steered him down the professional road he took. In particular, he describes the outcome of his research on hormone dependent human breast cancer as a combination of serendipity and perseverance. Yet, in hindsight, he reflects that perhaps the path he chose was unavoidable, given the state of science in the 1960s and the vast influences of people around him. You can r...

Mathematically modelling and controlling prostate cancer under intermittent hormone therapy.

Asian Journal of Andrology — Mon, 09 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Hirata Y, Tanaka G, Bruchovsky N, Aihara K Abstract In this review, we summarize our recently developed mathematical models that predict the effects of intermittent androgen suppression therapy on prostate cancer (PCa). Although hormone therapy for PCa shows remarkable results at the beginning of treatment, cancer cells frequently acquire the ability to grow without androgens during long-term therapy, resulting in an eventual relapse. To circumvent hormone resistance, intermittent androgen suppression was investigated as an alternative treatment option. However, at the present time, it is not possible to select an optimal schedule of on- and off-treatment cycles for any given patient. In addition, clinical trials have revealed that intermittent androgen suppression is effe...

Novel Drug Shown to Slow Breast Cancer Growth Available in Markey Clinical Trial

UK College of Medicine News — Fri, 06 Jan 2012 14:38:01 +0100

A new drug that could slow breast cancer metastasis by several months is currently available in a clinical trial at the University of Kentucky Markey Cancer Center. The novel agent, everolimus/RAD001 (BOLERO-2), was given in conjunction with exemestane, a hormone therapy treatment that deprives tumors of estrogen to slow their growth. Everolimus works by inhibiting mTOR, a protein that often spurs tumor growth after tumors become resistant to hormone therapy. (Source: UK College of Medicine News)

Influence of Race, Insurance, Socioeconomic Status, and Hospital Type on Receipt of Guideline-Concordant Adjuvant Systemic Therapy for Locoregional Breast Cancers [Breast Cancer]

Journal of Clinical Oncology — Fri, 06 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion Sociodemographic and hospital factors are associated with guideline-concordant use of systemic therapy for breast cancer. The identification of modifiable factors that lead to nonguideline treatment may reduce disparities in breast cancer survival. (Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology)

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Individualizing osteoporosis therapy

Osteoporosis International — Wed, 04 Jan 2012 17:02:17 +0100

Abstract Guidelines for osteoporosis treatment are available; however, these guidelines suggest when to treat patients, without specific recommendations on what drugs to prescribe in various situations. Choice of osteoporosis therapy should be individualized based on consideration of the efficacy, safety, cost, convenience (i.e., dosing regimen and delivery), and other non-osteoporosis-related benefits associated with each agent. Bisphosphonates, administered orally or intravenously, should be considered first-line therapy, particularly in older patients, owing to their efficacy across multiple skeletal sites; however, there are potential short- and long-term safety concerns. Selective estrogen receptor modulators should be considered for younger postmenopausal women at gr...

Serum Mg and Zn levels in postmenopausal women.

Magnesium Research — Tue, 03 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, serum Mg and Zn concentrations in postmenopausal women, not using MHT, were low. The average serum Mg levels decreased considerably with the time since the final menstruation. No correlation between BMI and worsening of climacteric symptoms and serum Mg and Zn concentrations in postmenopausal women, not using MHT was found. PMID: 22212691 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Magnesium Research)

Prostate Cancer: Q&A with Michael Harrison, MD

DukeHealth.org: Duke Health Features — Mon, 02 Jan 2012 19:03:08 +0100

Duke oncologist Michael Harrison, MD, answers questions about the link between prostate cancer and obesity and screening for prostate cancer. Is there a connection between obesity and prostate cancer? Michael Harrison, MDA Duke study showed that obesity, which affects one in three men in the United States, is associated with prostate cancer spreading and prostate cancer death among men starting hormonal therapy for recurrences after surgery. Previous studies from Duke have shown that obese men are more likely to have cancer come back after surgery, but this is the first study to show obesity is associated with worse outcomes after hormonal therapy. How do you screen for prostate cancer? By measuring the amount of prostate specific antigen (PSA) in a man's bloodstream, we can discover prost...

Vaginal estrogen therapy in postmenopausal breast cancer patients treated with aromatase inhibitors

Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics — Mon, 02 Jan 2012 16:53:22 +0100

Conclusions Vaginal administration of estradiol is a well known and safe alternative to systemic estrogen therapy, but studies demonstrated significant increases in plasma concentrations of estradiol. Such observations have also been reported in postmenopausal breast cancer patients treated with AIs. Further studies are needed to explore risk of breast cancer recurrence after vaginal estrogen application for patients on adjuvant endocrine therapy with AIs. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Gynecologic OncologyPages 1-6DOI 10.1007/s00404-011-2181-6Authors M. Moegele, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Landshuter Str. 65, 93053 Regensburg, GermanyS. Buchholz, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Ce...

Assessment of ghrelin and leptin receptor levels in postmenopausal women who received oral or transdermal menopausal hormonal therapy.

J Zhejiang Univ Sci ... — Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The study showed that women who used transdermal MHT had higher levels of total ghrelin than women who took oral MHT. This indicates a beneficial effect of the transdermal route of MHT. However, transdermal therapy was associated with adverse effects with regard to the observed higher levels of PAI-1:Ag, which in turn, can lead to a reduction in fibrinolytic activity. PMID: 22205618 [PubMed - in process] (Source: J Zhejiang Univ Sci ...)

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Integrated genome and transcriptome sequencing identifies a novel form of hybrid and aggressive prostate cancer

The Journal of Pathology — Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractNext generation sequencing is making sequence‐based molecular pathology and personalised oncology viable. We selected an individual initially diagnosed with conventional, but aggressive, prostate adenocarcinoma and sequenced the genome and transcriptome from primary and metastatic tissues collected prior to hormone therapy. The histology‐pathology and copy number profiles were remarkably homogeneous, yet it was possible to propose the quadrant of the prostate tumour that likely seeded the metastatic diaspora. Despite a homogenous cell type, our transcriptome analysis revealed signatures of both luminal and neuroendocrine cell types. Remarkably, the repertoire of expressed but apparently private gene fusions, including C15orf21:MYC, recapitulated this biology. We hypothesize tha...

Breast Cancer and Sexuality: Multi‐modal Treatment Options (CME)

The Journal of Sexual Medicine — Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

ABSTRACTThe sexual consequences of breast cancer and its treatments are well known and previously reviewed. Alterations in body image, with or without breast reconstruction, changes in sexual self‐esteem and self‐efficacy, vulvovaginal atrophy as a result of chemotherapy and/or adjuvant hormone therapy, and loss of libido secondary to dyspareunia and body image issues are common in survivors of breast cancer. Medications that are prescribed for long‐term use including those in the class of aromatase inhibitors can have far‐reaching implications on quality of life by contributing to vulvar and vaginal atrophic changes. While this is an important issue, there are few widely accepted treatments that have been evaluated for efficacy and safety for these sexual challenges in the breast ...

[How should hormone therapy for castration-resistant prostate cancer be continued?].

Der Urologe. Ausg. A — Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Spahn M, Krebs M Abstract After an average of 18-36 months under androgen suppression therapy by surgical castration, LHRH, and steroidal or non-steroidal antiandrogens, almost all patients with metastatic prostate cancer show PSA progression as a sign of androgen-independent but still androgen-sensitive tumor growth. Our understanding and the treatment of such castration-resistant prostate cancer has changed markedly. The introduction of new drugs like abiraterone and MDV3100 has shown that prostate cancer progression even in the"hormone-refractory" stage is driven by androgen receptor signaling. Based on this information the question of whether androgen deprivation therapy in castration-resistant prostate cancer should be continued or not is still of relevance. This revi...

Biopsy of liver metastasis for women with breast cancer: Impact on survival.

Breast — Sat, 31 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Liver biopsy can impact survival of patients with early metastases from BC. Discordance between primary and distant lesions can offer the patients new treatment options. PMID: 22212746 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Breast)

Clinical and biomarker predictors of side effects from tamoxifen

Breast Cancer Research and Treatment — Fri, 30 Dec 2011 07:08:44 +0100

Abstract Tamoxifen decreases breast cancer recurrence, mortality, and breast cancer risk in high-risk women. Despite these proven benefits, tamoxifen use is often limited due to side effects. We identified predictors of tamoxifen-induced side effects based on clinical variables and serum tamoxifen metabolite biomarkers in a cross-sectional study of patients taking tamoxifen. We enrolled 241 women and collected data on demographics, tamoxifen use and side effects, as well as potential clinical and serum predictors. We used logistic regression models and adjusted for age, body mass index, ethnicity, education, prior post-menopausal hormone therapy (HT), tamoxifen duration, and endoxifen levels to identify factors associated with side effects. Common tamoxifen attributed side...

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Chinese herb mix Tiao-Geng-Tang possesses antiaging and antioxidative effects and upregulates expression of estrogen receptors alpha and beta in ovariectomized rats

BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine — Fri, 30 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: TG-decoction balances female hormones similarly to conjugated estrogens but less effectively. However, it is superior in upregulating ERalpha and beta and exhibits antioxidative and antiaging activities. Whilst it shares similar effects with estrogen, TG-decoction also seems to have distinctive and more complex functions and activities. (Source: BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine)

The temporal relationship between growth hormone and slow wave sleep is weaker after menopause

Sleep Medicine — Fri, 30 Dec 2011 03:41:21 +0100

Conclusions: The temporal relationship between GH and SWS in premenopausal women is less robust after menopause and is not improved with HT. (Source: Sleep Medicine)

Effect of 17β–estradiol and flavonoids on the regulation of expression of newly identified estrogen responsive genes in a rat raphe nuclei–derived cell line

Journal of Cellular Physiology — Thu, 29 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractDue to the health risks attributed to perimenopausal hormone therapy, phytoestrogens such as flavonoids are receiving widespread attention to help alleviate menopausal symptoms, including hormone–driven mood disorders. Based on our previous reporter gene study regarding their transactivational activity in raphe nuclei cells from a brain region involved in regulation of mood disturbances, we herein study their effects on the regulation of expression of 17β–Estradiol (E2)–regulated genes. DNA microarray was used to globally assess E2–induced gene expression in RNDA cells, a rat raphe nuclei–derived cellular model expressing estrogen receptor β. Out of 212 regulated genes, six were selected for verification and as endpoints for the effect of flavonoids on the regulation of...

Follicle-stimulating hormone is independently associated with lean mass but not BMD in younger postmenopausal women

Bone — Wed, 28 Dec 2011 20:53:30 +0100

Conclusions: After adjustment for hormonal measures and osteoporosis risk factors, higher concentrations of FSH were independently associated with lower lean mass, but not with BMD. Previously reported correlations between FSH and BMD might have been due to indirect associations via lean mass or weight.Highlights: ► Higher FSH levels were independently associated with lower lean mass but not BMD. ► Correlations between FSH and BMD might be confounded by lean mass or weight. ► Hormonal effects may be less important than weight-bearing effects on BMD. (Source: Bone)

Serum leptin level and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) predict the overall survival of metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients treated with aromatase inhibitors (AIs).

Breast Cancer — Wed, 28 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that serum leptin levels and WHR together may serve as potential prognostic markers in MBC patients treated with AIs. PMID: 22203581 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Breast Cancer)

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Misconception and Concerns about Bioidentical Hormones Used for Custom-Compounded Hormone Therapy.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism — Wed, 28 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Bhavnani BR, Stanczyk FZ Abstract Abstract Not Available. PMID: 22205711 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism)

Biologically effective dose and breast cancer conservative treatment: is duration of radiation therapy really important?

Breast Cancer Research and Treatment — Tue, 27 Dec 2011 17:03:25 +0100

Abstract To evaluate if biologically effective dose (BED), and in particular the duration of radiation treatment, has an effect on local relapse risk. Between January 2000 and December 2008 a total of 762 patients with T1-2 N0/+ breast cancer was treated with breast-conserving surgery and radiotherapy, with and without hormone therapy and chemotherapy. Adjuvant radiation therapy was administered to a total dose of 60–66 Gy in 30–33 fractions. The computed BEDs were divided in four groups: <43.1, 43.1–44.9, 45.0–46.1, and >46.1 Gy (A–D, respectively). Kaplan–Meier method was used to calculate local relapse rates. Cox regression method was used to identify prognostic factors of local relapse. Evaluated variables were age, tumor histology, tumor siz...

TP53INP1 as new therapeutic target in castration‐resistant prostate cancer

The Prostate — Tue, 27 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Attitude of German gynecologists towards prescribing HRT before and after the WHI study.

Climacteric — Tue, 27 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion German gynecologists generally have a positive attitude towards HRT, but find it important to focus on the evaluation of the risk-benefit ratio. The major barriers to prescription are multiple concerns of the patients resulting from non-objective media. PMID: 22200104 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Climacteric)

Prevention of venous thromboembolic events after gynecologic surgery.

Obstetrics and Gynecology — Mon, 26 Dec 2011 10:50:54 +0100

Authors: Clarke-Pearson DL, Abaid LN Abstract Venous thromboembolic events (deep vein thrombosis [DVT] and pulmonary embolism) are serious preventable complications associated with gynecologic surgery. Preoperative risk assessment of the individual patient will provide insight into the level of risk and the potential benefits of prophylaxis. Common risks include a history of venous thromboembolism, age, major surgery, cancer, use of oral contraceptives or hormone therapy, and obesity. Based on the presence of risk factors, the patient should be categorized into one of four risk groups and appropriate thromboprophylaxis prescribed. Randomized clinical trials in gynecologic surgery and general surgery have established the significant value of thromboprophylaxis. For moderate- and hig...

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Lack of significant estrogen and progesterone receptor expression in nasal telangiectasias in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: An immunohistochemical analysis.

Acta Oto-Laryngologica — Sun, 25 Dec 2011 08:30:21 +0100

Conclusion: This immunohistochemical study of estrogen and progesterone receptors could not confirm a significant expression in nasal telangiectasias. Thus, a specific effect of these hormones or anti-hormone therapy on malformed nasal vessels has to be questioned and only offered under strict clinical control. Objective: The efforts to control recurrent epistaxis in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) using alternative methods are very intense. Hormone or anti-hormone therapy has frequently been postulated and the reported results are controversial. Therefore it was important to find an explanation regarding a possible impact of hormonal therapies by immunohistochemical evaluation of progesterone and estrogen receptor expression on nasal telangiectasias of affected patients. Metho...

Breast cancer risk factors in Queensland women attending population-based mammography screening

Maturitas — Fri, 23 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Prevalence of risk factors in Queensland women were largely consistent with other Australian and international studies. Hormone therapy use is lower than previously reported estimates in Australia and internationally. The comparatively high prevalence of modifiable lifestyle factors which have been shown to be moderately associated with breast cancer are potential targets for reducing the public health burden of breast cancer. (Source: Maturitas)

The effect of resistance training on muscle strength and physical function in older, postmenopausal breast cancer survivors: a randomized controlled trial

Journal of Cancer Survivorship — Thu, 22 Dec 2011 16:37:17 +0100

Conclusions Resistance + impact exercise is superior to stretching at improving maximal muscle strength and exercise adherence contributes to the degree of improvement. Implications for cancer survivors Older BCS can safely engage in resistance exercise that improves lower and upper body strength, thereby reducing a risk factor for falls and future disability. However, the ability of resistance training to shift other indices of fall and disability risk, i.e., balance and function, is unclear. Strategies to promote adherence to resistance training could lead to greater improvements in strength. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-11DOI 10.1007/s11764-011-0210-xAuthors Kerri M. Winters-Stone, School of Nursing, Oregon Health and Science Universi...

A genome-wide linkage study of mammographic density, a risk factor for breast cancer

Breast Cancer Research — Wed, 21 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The suggestive peaks and the larger linkage signal seen in the subset of pedigrees with younger participants highlight regions of interest for further study to identify genes that determine MD with the goal to understand mammographic density and its involvement in susceptibility to breast cancer. (Source: Breast Cancer Research)

Hormone may ease menopause symptoms

NHS News Feed — Tue, 20 Dec 2011 18:00:00 +0100

Conclusion This small, randomised controlled trial found that both menopause symptoms and measures of sexual function could be improved by three types of hormone therapy. The study compared a form of HRT, tibolone (a unique drug with oestrogen, progestogen and male hormone activity) and another type of hormone therapy called DHEA, which is not currently licensed for use in the UK. One group of women received vitamin D but no hormone therapies. The study was small, including 48 women in total and 12 in each group. This means there is a higher likelihood the findings are due to chance. Additionally, although the women saw improvements in sexual function, they had normal sexual function at the start of the study and did not have a clinical diagnosis of sexual dysfunction. It is not known whet...

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Can FDG PET/CT monitor the response to hormonal therapy in breast cancer patients?

European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging — Tue, 20 Dec 2011 06:48:56 +0100

Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Editorial CommentaryPages 1-4DOI 10.1007/s00259-011-2018-3Authors Laura Evangelista, Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto (IOV – IRCCS), Via Gattamelata, 64, 35128 Padova, ItalyDomenico Rubello, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Radiology, Medical Physics, ‘Santa Maria della Misericordia’ Hospital, Rovigo, ItalyGiorgio Saladini, Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto (IOV – IRCCS), Via Gattamelata, 64, 35128 Padova, Italy Journal European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingOnline ISSN 1619-7089Print ISSN 1619-7070 (Source: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging)

Surmounting Chemoresistance by Targeting the Y‐Box Binding Protein‐1

The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist — Tue, 20 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractThe Y‐box binding protein 1 (YB‐1), characterized by the presence of the cold shock domain, has been reported to induce chemoresistance in cancer therapy. Chemotherapy is one of the main therapeutic strategies in the treatment of cancer, in addition to surgery, radiation therapy, and hormonal therapy. However, chemoresistance remains a key obstacle to successful cancer management. In this review, we will focus on the role of YB‐1, an important regulator of gene transcription, in cancer therapy and chemoresistance. Anat Rec, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist)

Prostate cancer treatment ascertained from several sources: analysis of disagreement and error

Annals of Oncology — Tue, 20 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Interviews of prostate cancer patients and caregivers are useful alternatives to medical record abstraction, particularly if carried out during, or soon after, treatment. (Source: Annals of Oncology)

Surmounting Chemoresistance by Targeting the Y-Box Binding Protein-1.

Anatomical Record — Tue, 20 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Inoue I, Matsumoto K, Yu Y, Bay BH Abstract The Y-box binding protein 1 (YB-1), characterized by the presence of the cold shock domain, has been reported to induce chemoresistance in cancer therapy. Chemotherapy is one of the main therapeutic strategies in the treatment of cancer, in addition to surgery, radiation therapy, and hormonal therapy. However, chemoresistance remains a key obstacle to successful cancer management. In this review, we will focus on the role of YB-1, an important regulator of gene transcription, in cancer therapy and chemoresistance. Anat Rec, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. PMID: 22190445 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Anatomical Record)

Cancer of the prostate gland

Medicine — Tue, 20 Dec 2011 02:10:11 +0100

Abstract: Prostate cancer constitutes a major health problem. It is estimated that the lifetime risk of western men having prostate cancer is about 30%, with the risk of dying from the cancer being 3%. Increasing age is the strongest pre-determinant for the development of prostate cancer. Virtually all cancers are adenocarcinomas, the grade being indicated by the Gleason score. Often, there are no presenting symptoms. Investigations such as serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA), digital rectal examination and biopsies via a transrectal ultrasound probe are required for diagnosis. Staging, if required, consists of magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography for locally advanced disease and/or a bone scan for detection of bony metastases. Management depends largely on the stage of the ...

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Sedentary Behavior and Adiposity-Associated Inflammation: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

American Journal of Preventive Medicine — Tue, 20 Dec 2011 00:13:30 +0100

Background: Sedentary behavior is associated with adiposity and cardiometabolic risk. Purpose: To determine the associations between sedentary behavior and measures of adiposity-associated inflammation. Methods: Between 2002 and 2005, a total of 1543 Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis participants completed detailed health history questionnaires, underwent physical measurements, and had blood assayed for adiponectin, leptin, tumor necrosis factor–alpha (TNF-α) and resistin. Analyses included linear regression completed in 2010. The mean age was 64.3 years and nearly 50% were female. Forty-one percent were non-Hispanic white, 24% Hispanic-American, 20% African-American, and 14% Chinese-American. Results: In linear regression analyses and with adjustment for age, gender, ethnici...

Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: Where are We Going?

Actas Urologicas Espanolas — Mon, 19 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: The range of therapeutic options for castration-resistant prostate cancer has increased dramatically with the arrival of new drugs. At present, cabazitaxel, and in the near future, abiraterone, have been found to be effective drugs in second-line treatment after progression to docetaxel, increasing survival by 2-4 months and reducing risk of death by 30-35%. PMID: 22188754 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Actas Urologicas Espanolas)

FAQ - Hormone Therapy and Osteoporosis

About.com Prostate Cancer — Sat, 17 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Can Hormone Therapy Cause Osteoporosis? Hormone therapy is a commonly used treatment for prostate cancer. Has it been shown to cause osteoporosis? Learn what you should know about hormone therapy and osteoporosis. (Source: About.com Prostate Cancer)

News about Black cohosh

Maturitas — Fri, 16 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Black cohosh preparations are not all the same. In the last decade sales of hormone therapy for the treatment of climacteric complaints and postmenopausal diseases such as osteoporosis have declined since publication of the results of the Women's Health Initiative and the Million Women Study. Demand for non hormonal options has increased such as preparations containing extracts from the rhizome of Actaea racemosa (synonyms: Cimicifuga racemosa, Black cohosh). These are used to improve climacteric complaints especially hot flushes. It is thought that endorphin concentrations in the hypothalamus decrease with declining estrogen production at the menopause, enhancing release of norepinephrine and serotonin. This lowers the set point in the thermoregulatory nucleus and leads to inappropriate ...

The association of serum oestradiol level, age, and education with cognitive performance in peri- and late postmenopausal women

Maturitas — Fri, 16 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Objectives: To evaluate whether healthy women show cognitive changes after menopause and whether the possible changes are oestrogen-, age- or education-dependent.Methods: Forty-eight women, 21 perimenopausal (aged 43–51 years) and 27 late postmenopausal (aged 59–71 years), participated in the study. Verbal and visuomotor functions, visuoconstructive skills, visual and verbal episodic memory as well as attention were evaluated.Results: Perimenopausal women performed better than postmenopausal women. Serum oestradiol (E2) level was included in the model in perimenopausal women only given the lack of endogenous oestrogen in postmenopausal women who were also not using hormone therapy (HT). In perimenopausal women, lower E2 was associated with better visual episodic memory (p (So...

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Afinitor® 'improves breast cancer survival rates'

Pharmacy Europe — Thu, 15 Dec 2011 11:12:00 +0100

Everolimus combined with hormonal therapy improves progression-free survival, finds NEJM study (Source: Pharmacy Europe)

Dual IGF-1R/InsR Inhibitor BMS-754807 Synergizes with Hormonal Agents in Treatment of Estrogen-Dependent Breast Cancer

Cancer Research — Thu, 15 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling has been implicated in the resistance to hormonal therapy in breast cancer. Using a model of postmenopausal, estrogen-dependent breast cancer, we investigated the antitumor effects of the dual IGF-1R/InsR tyrosine kinase inhibitor BMS-754807 alone and in combination with letrozole or tamoxifen. BMS-754807 exhibited antiproliferative effects in vitro that synergized strongly in combination with letrozole or 4-hydroxytamoxifen and fulvestrant. Similarly, combined treatment of BMS-754807 with either tamoxifen or letrozole in vivo elicited tumor regressions not achieved by single-agent therapy. Notably, hormonal therapy enhanced the inhibition of IGF-1R/InsR without major side effects in animals. Microarray expression analysis revealed downregulation ...

Long-Term Surveillance of Growth Hormone Therapy.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism — Thu, 15 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Rosenfeld RG, Cohen P, Robison LL, Bercu BB, Clayton P, Hoffman AR, Radovick S, Saenger P, Savage MO, Wit JM Abstract Abstract Not Available. PMID: 22174422 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism)

Adherence to Adjuvant Hormonal Therapy for Breast CancerAdherence to Adjuvant Hormonal Therapy for Breast Cancer

Medscape Today Headlines — Wed, 14 Dec 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Why aren't patients adherent with tamoxifen or aromatase inhibitor therapy? And what can we do to help? Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

Prostatic carcinomas with neuroendocrine differentiation diagnosed in needle biopsies, a morphologic study of 7 cases among 465 sequential biopsies in a tertiary cancer center

International Braz J Urol — Wed, 14 Dec 2011 02:22:41 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: NEC of the prostate is rare and often associated with a high-grade acinar component. Prostates with NEC tend to be larger and involve a greater number of cores than acinar tumors. PSA at diagnosis does not seem to predict the presence of NE tumors in needle biopsy. (Source: International Braz J Urol)

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[Review] Stroke risk in women: the role of menopause and hormone therapy

Lancet Neurology — Tue, 13 Dec 2011 14:12:14 +0100

SummaryAlthough women have a lower risk of stroke during middle age than men, the menopausal transition is a time when many women develop cardiovascular risk factors. Additionally, during the 10 years after menopause, the risk of stroke roughly doubles in women. Endogenous oestrogen concentrations decline by 60% during the menopausal transition, leading to a relative androgen excess, which could contribute to the increased cardiovascular risk factors in women. Earlier onset of menopause might affect the risk of stroke, but the data are not clear. (Source: Lancet Neurology)

Indications for growth hormone therapy in children

Archives of Disease in Childhood — Tue, 13 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Growth hormone (GH) therapy has now been available for over 5 decades, with all GH now biosynthetically produced, and administered by daily injection. Paediatric GH is currently licensed in six different conditions: growth hormone deficiency (GHD), Turner syndrome (TS), small for gestational age (SGA), Prader-Willi-syndrome (PWS), chronic renal insufficiency (CRI), and short stature due to SHOX deficiency; all of these have been ratified by the most recent (2010) NICE review. Whilst the primary purpose of paediatric GH therapy in most indications is to improve short and long-term growth, in others (eg. PWS) it has a role in improvement of body composition. Recent UK national audits indicate approximately 4700 children receiving GH therapy, with approximately 760 new starts a year, with mos...

Cognitive functioning after cancer treatment

Cancer — Tue, 13 Dec 2011 01:26:14 +0100

CONCLUSIONS:Findings provide limited support for the view that changes in cognitive functioning in cancer survivors are attributable to chemotherapy administration and illustrate the importance of including a radiotherapy comparison group. Future research should seek to examine possible mechanisms that could explain the apparent prolonged impact of both chemotherapy and radiotherapy on cognitive functioning in breast cancer survivors. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society. (Source: Cancer)

SABCS: Updated BOLERO-2 Findings Confirm Efficacy of Everolimus Plus Exemestane

Cancer Network — Fri, 09 Dec 2011 12:00:00 +0100

Updated findings from the pivotal phase III Breast Cancer Trials of Oral Everolimus (BOLERO-2) study confirm dramatic improvement in progression-free survival in women with metastatic breast cancer when the immunosuppressant agent is combined with the hormonal therapy exemestane. (Source: Cancer Network)

Women With Previously Treated Advanced Breast Cancer Benefit From Addition Of Everolimus To Exemestane

Health News from Medical News Today — Thu, 08 Dec 2011 21:00:00 +0100

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor everolimus given with the aromatase inhibitor exemestane markedly boosts progression-free survival (PFS) in post-menopausal women with advanced breast cancer compared with hormonal therapy alone, according to updated results of the phase III Breast Cancer Trials of Oral Everolimus (BOLERO)-2 study reported at the 34th Annual San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium (SABCS). An earlier analysis showed a significant PFS benefit when everolimus was added to exemestane. Gabriel N... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

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Combination Of Everolimus And Exemestane Improves Progression-Free Survival For Women With Metastatic Breast Cancer

Health News from Medical News Today — Thu, 08 Dec 2011 10:00:00 +0100

In an international Phase III randomized study, everolimus, when combined with the hormonal therapy exemestane, has been shown to dramatically improve progression-free survival, according to research from The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. The study, known as Breast Cancer Trials of Oral Everolimus (BOLERO-2), was presented at the 2011 CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium by Gabriel Hortobagyi, M.D., professor and chair of MD Anderson's Department of Breast Medical Oncology. Earlier findings were simultaneously reported in the New England Journal of Medicine... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Older Women With Breast Cancer: Slow Progress, Great Opportunity, Now Is the Time [EDITORIALS]

Journal of Clinical Oncology — Thu, 08 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology)

Non-estrogen conventional and phytochemical treatments for vasomotor symptoms: what needs to be known for practice.

Climacteric — Thu, 08 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions There are safe non-hormonal conventional treatments for menopausal VMS, although they are less efficacious than estrogens. The indication of phytochemicals is for women who make this choice on personal beliefs; long-term studies of larger groups of patients are needed to assess safety. PMID: 22148909 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Climacteric)

Combination of everolimus and exemestane improves survival for women with metastatic breast cancer, results show

ScienceDaily Headlines — Thu, 08 Dec 2011 01:17:17 +0100

Steps Women Can Take to Reduce Risk of Breast Cancer

WebMD Health — Wed, 07 Dec 2011 23:42:05 +0100

Women can reduce their risk of breast cancer by not taking combination estrogen/progestin hormone therapy, not smoking, minimizing their exposure to radiation during CT scans and the like, avoiding weight gain after menopause, cutting back on alcohol, and staying active, a new report says. (Source: WebMD Health)

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Expert Panel Pinpoints Environmental Culprits in Breast Cancer

Gynecology News - Doctors Lounge — Wed, 07 Dec 2011 20:00:00 +0100

Unneeded radiation, hormone therapy, alcohol raise risk but hair dye, cellphones appear safe, report says (Source: Gynecology News - Doctors Lounge)

JAMA: Prostate cancer hormone therapy doesn’t increase CV mortality

Cardiovascular Business News — Wed, 07 Dec 2011 16:26:51 +0100

Androgen deprivation therapy administered to men with prostate cancer did not increase the risk of cardiovascular death, according to meta-analysis of prospective randomized trials. In addition, the study published in the Dec. 7 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association found that the therapy was associated with a lower risk of prostate cancer-specific mortality and all-cause mortality. (Source: Cardiovascular Business News)

Effects of oestrogen deficiency on bone mineralisation in girls during "adolescent crisis".

Endokrynologia Polska — Wed, 07 Dec 2011 15:12:02 +0100

Effects of oestrogen deficiency on bone mineralisation in girls during "adolescent crisis". Endokrynol Pol. 2011;62(6):538-46 Authors: Sowińska-Przepiera E, Andrysiak-Mamos E, Jarząbek-Bielecka G, Friebe Z, Syrenicz A Abstract Puberty is a critical bone mineralisation period, and peak bone mass attained by adolescent girls is one of the most significant predictive factors for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Adolescent girls' peak bone mass depends on genetic factors as well as on general condition, nutritional status and body mass; lifestyle is also important, along with physical exercise and the use of prescription drugs. Additionally, hormones, including oestrogens, play an important role during pubertal accumulation of bone mass. Therefore, oestrogen deficiency during pub...

Polymorphism of the vitamin D3 receptor gene and bone mineral density in girls with functional hypothalamic amenorrhea subjected to oestroprogestagen treatment.

Endokrynologia Polska — Wed, 07 Dec 2011 15:12:02 +0100

Conclusions: This study did not confirm that VDR polymorphism can modulate therapeutic outcome of FHA girls subjected to the hormonal treatment. Nonetheless, this study confirmed the effectiveness of EP therapy in the simultaneous treatment of menstrual disorders and the normalisation of bone mineral density in FHA patients. (Pol J Endocrinol 2011; 62 (6): 492-498). PMID: 22144214 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Endokrynologia Polska)

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Some Prevention Steps Possible, But Many Questions Remain About Environmental Risk Factors for Breast Cancer

News from the National Academies — Wed, 07 Dec 2011 06:27:54 +0100

Advances in breast cancer research point to some steps women can take that may reduce their risk for the disease, including avoiding unnecessary medical radiation, forgoing use of combination estrogen-progestin menopausal hormone therapy if possible, limiting alcohol consumption, maintaining a healthy weight, exercising regularly, and avoiding tobacco use, says a new report from the Institute of Medicine that examines environmental risk factors. For many chemicals and consumer products, evidence is currently insufficient or unclear to recommend specific preventive actions, the report notes. More studies should explore the effects of exposures throughout the entire life span, including at specific stages of breast development, and more research is needed on the cumulative effects of exposur...

Steps Women Can Take to Reduce Risk of Breast Cancer

WebMD Health — Wed, 07 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Androgen Deprivation Therapy as Primary Treatment for Prostate Cancer.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism — Wed, 07 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions:Androgen deprivation therapy remains the treatment of choice for metastatic prostate cancer; however, it is not without its adverse effects, and most men with advanced disease eventually develop castration resistance. Newer compounds that more specifically and effectively target androgen and androgen receptor signaling in prostate cancer cells may provide more long-lasting remissions in advanced disease. PMID: 22162475 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism)

Age-Specific Reference Ranges for Serum Testosterone and Androstenedione Concentrations in Women Measured by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism — Wed, 07 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion:This is the first study to establish age-specific reference ranges for liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-measured TT and AD and calculated free T concentrations based on quantile regression analyses, accurately accounting for the observed low concentration range and the strong age dependency of these sex hormones in women. PMID: 22162468 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism)

Expert Panel Pinpoints Environmental Culprits in Breast Cancer

Cancercompass News: Breast Cancer — Wed, 07 Dec 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Unneeded radiation, hormone therapy, alcohol raise risk but hair dye, cellphones appear safe, report says (Source: Cancercompass News: Breast Cancer)

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Prostate cancer hormonal therapy cuts deaths: report

Reuters: Health — Tue, 06 Dec 2011 21:42:08 +0100

NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - For men with aggressive prostate cancer, hormone-targeted therapy cuts the overall risk of death, according to a new review of past studies. (Source: Reuters: Health)

What Options Exist for Advanced Prostate Cancer?

About.com Prostate Cancer — Tue, 06 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

There are now several drugs for advanced prostate cancer that are available. Taxotere, Zytiga, Jevtana, and Provenge may help with prostate cancer that has spread beyond the prostate and is no longer able to be controlled by hormone therapy. (Source: About.com Prostate Cancer)

Is Hormonal Therapy Associated with Better Quality of Life in Transsexuals? A Cross‐Sectional Study

The Journal of Sexual Medicine — Tue, 06 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion. The present study suggests a positive effect of hormone therapy on transsexuals' QoL after accounting for confounding factors. These results will be useful for healthcare providers of transgender persons but should be confirmed with larger samples using a prospective study design. Gorin‐Lazard A, Baumstarck K, Boyer L, Maquigneau A, Gebleux S, Penochet J‐C, Pringuey D, Albarel F, Morange I, Loundou A, Berbis J, Auquier P, Lançon C, and Bonierbale M. Is hormonal therapy associated with better quality of life in transsexuals? A cross‐sectional study. J Sex Med **;**:**–**. (Source: The Journal of Sexual Medicine)

Differential Responses of Progesterone Receptor Membrane Component-1 (Pgrmc1) and the Classical Progesterone Receptor (Pgr) to 17β-Estradiol and Progesterone in Hippocampal Subregions that Support Synaptic Remodeling and Neurogenesis.

Endocrinology — Tue, 06 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

We examined the neuronal expression of progesterone receptor membrane component-1 (Pgrmc1) and the classical progesterone receptor (Pgr), by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Pgr, a transcription factor, has been associated with synaptic remodeling and other major actions of P4, whereas Pgrmc1 is implicated in P4-dependent proliferation of adult neuroprogenitor cells and with rapid P4 effects on membranes. Ovariectomized adult rats were given E2, P4, or E2+P4 on two schedules: a 4-d model of the rodent estrous cycle and a 30-d model of postmenopausal hormone therapy. Pgr was hormonally responsive only in CA1 pyramidal neurons, and the induction of Pgr by E2 was partly antagonized by P4 only on the 30-d schedule. In CA3 pyramidal and dentate gyrus (DG) neurons, Pgr was largely...

SABCS: New Multigene Test Predicts Recurrence Risk for DCIS

About.com Breast Cancer — Mon, 05 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

News from the 34th Annual San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium (SABCS): Dr. Lawrence Solin presented the results of a study for a new multigene assay which has been shown to predict the risk of recurrence for patients with ductal carcinoma in situ - DCIS - a precancerous breast condition. Standard treatment for DCIS is a lumpectomy and radiation, followed by five years of hormone therapy, if the cells were estrogen-sensitive. This new test helps a doctor determine which patients need radiation to prevent a recurrence, and which may safely avoid that treatment....Read Full Post (Source: About.com Breast Cancer)

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Sex differences in spontaneous versus induced animal models of autoimmunity.

Autoimmunity Reviews — Sun, 04 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Lee TP, Chiang BL Abstract There is a supposed link between autoimmune diseases and sex hormones. To better understand the pathogenesis of human autoimmune diseases, an animal model is a good tool that can also help in developing novel therapeutics for diseases. Animal models of diseases can be divided into naturally occurring or induced by physical, chemical, or biological factors. Most human autoimmune diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Sjogren's syndrome (SS), primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and multiple sclerosis (MS) have increased incidence and prevalence in females, but so far, sex differences and hormone therapy in spontaneous or chemical induced animal models of autoimmunity are not entirely ...

Efficacy of estrogen plus progestin on menopausal symptoms in women with systemic lupus erythematosus: A randomized, double‐blind, controlled trial

Arthritis Care and Research — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

ConclusionMenopausal symptoms are highly prevalent in peri‐ and postmenopausal lupus patients. Estrogen plus progestin improved vasomotor symptoms at a clinically significant level, but not other menopausal symptoms. Given the thrombotic risks of menopausal hormone therapy, this should be used only in women with significant vasomotor symptoms. (Source: Arthritis Care and Research)

Nursing perspectives on fulvestrant for the treatment of postmenopausal women with metastatic breast cancer.

Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

This article provides oncology nurses with the knowledge needed to educate patients on the use of fulvestrant, to effectively administer this medication, and to prevent and manage potential side effects. PMID: 22119979 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing)

Bioidentical hormone therapy: Clarifying the misconceptions

Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Many women are turning to bioidentical hormone therapy on the basis of misconceptions and unfounded claims, eg, that this therapy can reverse the aging process and that it is more natural and safe than approved hormone therapy. The aim of this article is to clarify some of the misconceptions. (Source: Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine)

HRT misuse and the osteoporosis epidemic.

Climacteric — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Gambacciani M Abstract A new study by Karim and colleagues has highlighted the intriguing issue of the consequences of cessation of long-term postmenopausal hormone use. While potential reductions in breast cancer risk and in the incidence of newly diagnosed breast cancer in the era after the Women's Health Initiative study have been heavily debated, the implications of withdrawal from hormone therapy for bone health and fracture risk have remained outside the main scope. This new study has now demonstrated that there is a very clear downside in skeletal outcome that should be considered while evaluating the pros and cons of discontinuing hormone therapy. During 532 686 person-years of observation and a follow-up period of 6.5 years, a 55% increased risk for hip fracture w...

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The use of sex hormones in women with rheumatological diseases.

Hong Kong Med J — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

This article reviews the up-to-date evidence regarding the safety of using these agents in women with various rheumatological diseases, with emphasis on systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. In the absence of antiphospholipid antibody or other prothrombotic risk factors, combined hormonal contraception is not contra-indicated in most rheumatological conditions including inactive systemic lupus erythematosus. Moreover, hormone therapy is generally not contra-indicated except for women with active systemic lupus erythematosus disease where its effect on disease flare is less clear and individual judgement is required. PMID: 22147320 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Hong Kong Med J)

Breast Cancer and Sexuality: Multi‐modal Treatment Options

The Journal of Sexual Medicine — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Trends in bilateral oophorectomy at the time of hysterectomy for benign disease.

Obstetrics and Gynecology — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: : Age, route of hysterectomy, and concomitant gynecologic diagnoses influence oophorectomy rate. From 2001 to 2006, a significant decrease in the performance of oophorectomy at the time of benign hysterectomy was noted in women aged younger than 55 years. Recent studies of complications of hormone therapy and prophylactic oophorectomy may have influenced patients' and physicians' decision-making, leading to lower oophorectomy rates. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: : II. PMID: 22105256 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology)

The association between tumour density and prostate cancer recurrence following radical prostatectomy.

Canadian Urological Association Journal — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Prostate cancer TD is associated with known prognostic factors and is also independently predictive of recurrence following radical prostatectomy. PMID: 22154633 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Canadian Urological Association Journal)

RSNA: Growth Hormone May Help Heavy Women With Bone Problems (with video)

MedPage Today Endocrinology — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 03:13:03 +0100

CHICAGO (MedPage Today) -- Premenopausal women who are obese may not be spared from osteopenia, as some research has suggested, but growth hormone therapy may help spur bone formation, researchers said here. (Source: MedPage Today Endocrinology)

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ADHD and Menopause: What You Need to Know and What You Can Do

Psych Central — Wed, 30 Nov 2011 14:35:48 +0100

It’s hard enough having attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). But if you’re a woman going through perimenopause or menopause, you might find it getting even harder. Diminishing estrogen levels can actually exacerbate symptoms, and for some women, the decline is sudden and dramatic. Hormonal fluctuations affect our brain’s biochemistry and thereby ADHD symptoms, according to Dr. Patricia Quinn, M.D., a developmental pediatrician and director of the National Center for Girls and Women with AD/HD. Specifically, estrogen affects the release of the neurotransmitters serotonin and dopamine. “[A deficiency in] dopamine is responsible for increasing ADHD symptoms,” she said, while less serotonin leads to depressed mood. (That’s why women feel so miserable during their mens...

Estrogen treatment affects brain functioning after menopause

Menopause International — Wed, 30 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Sex hormones have powerful neuromodulatory effects on functional brain organization and cognitive functioning. This paper reviews findings from studies investigating the influence of sex hormones in postmenopausal women with and without hormone therapy (HT). Functional brain organization was investigated using different behavioural tasks in postmenopausal women using either estrogen therapy or combined estrogen plus gestagen therapy and age- and IQ-matched postmenopausal women not taking HT. The results revealed HT-related modulations in specific aspects of functional brain organization including functional cerebral asymmetries and interhemispheric interaction. In contrast to younger women during the menstrual cycle, however, it seems that HT, and especially estrogen therapy, after menopau...

Testosterone in prostate cancer: the Bethesda consensus

BJU International — Wed, 30 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION• Understanding the mechanisms of androgen biosynthesis relating to PCa as well as prognostic implications might achieve a consensus regarding the role of ADT for both the androgen‐sensitive and ‐insensitive disease state. (Source: BJU International)

Combination Hormone Therapy and Breast Tenderness Leads to Greater Risk of Breast Cancer

Cancer Network — Tue, 29 Nov 2011 12:00:00 +0100

Is estrogen plus progestin better than estrogen alone for symptom relief in menopausal women? For women who have not had a hysterectomy, adding progestin to estrogen therapy counteracts the increased risk of uterine cancer from estrogen monotherapy. However, the progestin and estrogen combination increases breast cancer risk. (Source: Cancer Network)

Hormonal therapy for cancer

Medicine — Sat, 26 Nov 2011 02:35:24 +0100

Abstract: Hormone therapy is an extremely effective and relatively non-toxic therapy for both breast and prostate cancer; some other cancers demonstrate minor levels of hormone sensitivity. Serum concentrations of oestradiol and testosterone are controlled by the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal pathway. In premenopausal women, oestradiol is produced primarily from the ovaries, whereas in postmenopausal women peripheral conversion of adrenal androgens by aromatase within peripheral fat predominates. In premenopausal women with breast cancer and men with prostate cancer, hormonal therapy is primarily achieved by castration. In postmenopausal women, selective oestrogen receptor modulators (e.g. tamoxifen) or aromatase inhibitors are used. Hormone therapy is often part of curative therapy,...

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Missed OPPORTUNITY: growth hormone therapy in adults with CKD

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation — Fri, 25 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation)

Nuclear Hormone Receptor Signals as New Therapeutic Targets for Urothelial Carcinoma.

Current Cancer Drug Targets — Thu, 24 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

C-myc as a predictive marker for chemotherapy in metastatic breast cancer

Clinical and Experimental Medicine — Wed, 23 Nov 2011 17:37:30 +0100

Abstract C-myc is considered to have an important role in cancerogenesis and tumor progression. The aim of this study was to evaluate a possible significance of c-myc amplification as a clinically useful prognostic/predictive parameter in metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Eighty-seven MBC patients with known clinicopathological parameters were included in the study, at the time of diagnosis of metastatic disease. In metastatic setting, 52% of patients received CMF, 34% received FAC, and 32% received hormonal therapy (tamoxifen). C-myc amplification was analyzed by chromogenic in situ hybridization, according to the manufacturer’s instructions. C-myc amplification was detected in 26% cases and showed a strong correlation with ER status, stage of disease (initial) and existe...

Six-Year Analysis of Treatment-Related Toxicities in Patients Treated with Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation on the American Society of Breast Surgeons MammoSite Breast Brachytherapy Registry Trial

Annals of Surgical Oncology — Wed, 23 Nov 2011 16:40:52 +0100

Conclusions Treatment-related toxicities 6 years after treatment with APBI using the MammoSite device are similar to those reported with other forms of APBI with similar follow-up. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Breast OncologyPages 1-7DOI 10.1245/s10434-011-2133-1Authors A. J. Khan, Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USADouglas Arthur, Department of Radiation Oncology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USAF. Vicini, Department of Radiation Oncology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, USAP. Beitsch, Department of Surgery, Dallas Breast Center, Dallas, TX, USAH. Kuerer, Department of Surgery, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USAS. Goyal, Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer...

Factors Influencing Urinary Symptoms 10 Years After Permanent Prostate Seed Implantation

The Journal of Urology — Wed, 23 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Purpose: We investigated the factors that influenced urinary symptoms in the first 10 years after prostate brachytherapy.Materials and Methods: A total of 1,932 men were treated with prostate brachytherapy alone or with external beam irradiation and followed a mean of 6.8 years. The influence of pretreatment American Urological Association symptom score (7 or less, 8 to 19, 20 or greater), external beam radiotherapy, 125I or 103Pd, biological effective dose, age, prostate size and hormone therapy on the change in American Urological Association symptom score (11,491) was compared.Results: The mean change from initial score (7.4) was 11.4, 5.5, 3.3, 2.7, 1.5, 1.2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1.3 and 1.4 points at 3, 6 months and 1 to 10 years, respectively (p (Source: The Journal of Urology)

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The role of endometrial biopsy and curettage pathology in women's health in Abuja, Nigeria

International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics — Wed, 23 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Endometrial curettage and biopsy samples are among the most frequent tissue specimens encountered in the daily clinical practice of most pathologists. Major indications for endometrial biopsy/curettage include abnormal uterine bleeding, retained products of conception, and monitoring patients undergoing exogenous hormonal therapy . (Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics)

Breast Tenderness With Combo Hormone Therapy May Signal Breast Cancer

Health News from Medical News Today — Tue, 22 Nov 2011 08:00:00 +0100

The debate about using menopausal hormone therapies to relieve symptoms in post-menopausal women has been ongoing. Is the combination therapy of estrogen and progestin better or worse than just giving women estrogen alone? In women who still have a uterus (those who have not had a hysterectomy), progestin counteracts the increased risk of uterus cancer when estrogen is given alone, but at the expense of an increase in breast cancer risk compared to estrogen alone... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Physical distress and cancer care experiences among Chinese-American and non-Hispanic White breast cancer survivors.

Gynecologic Oncology — Tue, 22 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: Chinese immigrant BCS may be at risk for greater distress compared with US-born Chinese and NHW BCS because of cultural norms that make them less inclined to express their needs to physicians or challenge physicians when their needs are not met. Furthermore, they may express symptoms in culturally unique ways (e.g., hot-cold imbalances). Further research is needed to determine how to best improve survivorship care experiences in this understudied population, with the goal of decreasing BCS' physical distress and improving quality of life. PMID: 22115854 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Gynecologic Oncology)

Novel Therapeutic Strategies for Malignant Salivary Gland Tumors: Lessons Learned from Breast Cancer

Clinical and Developmental Immunology — Mon, 21 Nov 2011 23:54:16 +0100

Malignant salivary gland tumors (MSGTs) account for 2–6% of all head and neck cancers. Despite the rarity, MSGTs have been of great interest due to a wide variety of pathological features and high metastasis rates resulting in poor prognosis. Surgical resection followed by radiation therapy represents the main treatment of this malignancy. Adjuvant therapy is reserved for the management of local recurrence, no longer amenable to additional local therapy, and for metastasis. Based on the studies from other types of tumors, particularly breast cancer, the expression and function of sex steroid hormone receptors in cancer have been extensively studied and applied to diagnosis and treatment. Although a number of studies in MSGTs have been published, the rationale for hormone therapy is s...

Hematogenous metastases in patients with Stage I or II endometrial carcinoma

Strahlentherapie und Onkologie — Mon, 21 Nov 2011 18:06:05 +0100

Conclusions Hormonal therapy and chemotherapy play a major role in the palliative management of patients with hematogenous metastases from endometrial carcinoma to the liver, lungs, and bones. Radical treatment in patients with metastases to the lung or liver consists of resection of the metastasis combined with chemo- and/or hormonotherapy for metastases to the bones treatment consists of radiotherapy + chemotherapy, for metastasis to the brain treatment consists of resection combined with radiotherapy. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-6DOI 10.1007/s00066-011-2250-6Authors Paweł Blecharz, Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Center of Oncology – Maria Skłodowska-Curie, Memorial Institute, Kraków, PolandKrzysztof Urbański, Departmen...

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Effect of Paget's Disease on Survival in Breast Cancer: An Exploratory Study [Original Article]

Archives of Surgery — Mon, 21 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions These exploratory data show that PD may have a negative effect on breast cancer survival. This finding needs to be substantiated in larger data sets. (Source: Archives of Surgery)

Paratesticular endometriosis in a man with a prolonged hormonal therapy for prostatic carcinoma.

Pathology, Research and Practice — Sat, 19 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Fukunaga M Abstract A rare case of paratesticular endometriosis in a 69-year-old male with prostatic carcinoma, who had a history of 9-year hormonal therapy, is presented. The lesion was a multilocular cyst, 5.2cm×3.1cm×3.0cm in size, in the left paratestis. The cysts were lined by a single layer of cuboidal cells. A small number of glands were scattered in the underling stroma composed of closely packed small round or ovoid cells with scant cytoplasm resembling endometrial stromal cells, and abundant capillaries. Hemosiderin deposits were observed. Immunohistochemically, the lining cells of the cysts and glands were positive for CAM5.2, vimentin and calretinin, and were negative for CD10, estrogen and progesterone-receptors, indicating mesothelial profiles. The stromal ...

Breast tenderness during combination hormone therapy linked to higher cancer risk

UCLA Newsroom: Health Sciences — Fri, 18 Nov 2011 23:13:19 +0100

This study showed that developing new breast tenderness after the start of hormone therapy was associated with increased breast cancer risk only in women on the combination estrogen-plus-progestin therapy, not estrogen therapy alone," said the study's first author, Dr. Carolyn Crandall, a UCLA professor of general internal medicine and a scientist with the Jonsson Cancer Center. The study appears in the Nov. 17 early online edition of the peer-reviewed journal Breast Cancer Research and Treatment. A previous study by Crandall, published last month, found that breast tenderness was much more pronounced after the initiation of estrogen-and-progestin therapy than after estrogen therapy alone. The association between this new-onset tenderness and changes in breast density also wa...

Tyrosine kinase inhibitor-induced hypothyroidism: incidence, etiology, and management

Targeted Oncology — Fri, 18 Nov 2011 17:32:48 +0100

Abstract In recent years, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have emerged as a new class of anti-cancer therapy with proven efficacy in several types of carcinoma. Although generally considered less toxic than cytotoxic chemotherapy, TKIs do have significant side effects including fatigue and hypertension. In addition, TKI-induced thyroid dysfunction is now recognized as a common toxicity that is associated with some TKI inhibitors. Detection of TKI-induced thyroid dysfunction requires routine monitoring of thyroid function and, in some cases, may require treatment. This review provides a comprehensive assessment of literature evaluating TKI-induced thyroid dysfunction, focusing on the potential mechanisms that result in this toxicity, whether the development of thyroid dys...

Phase II trial of preoperative paclitaxel, gemcitabine, and trastuzumab combination therapy in HER2 positive stage II/III breast cancer: The Korean Cancer Study Group BR 07-01

Breast Cancer Research and Treatment — Fri, 18 Nov 2011 06:54:11 +0100

This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of preoperative paclitaxel, gemcitabine, and trastuzumab (PGH) combination for HER2-positive breast caner. Pathologically, proven node positive stage II/III breast cancer patients with adequate organ function and no history of anti-cancer therapy were eligible. Patients received weekly trastuzumab with paclitaxel 80 mg/m2 and gemcitabine 1,200 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8, every 3 weeks for 6 cycles. Postoperatively, patients completed trastuzumab for 1 year and hormone therapy for 5 years if indicated. All patients received postoperative radiation therapy. Of 53 enrolled patients with a median tumor of 5.3 (range, 2.0 to >12) cm; 43.4%, T3/T4; 75.4%, N2/N3; and 45.3%, positive hormone receptors. The path...

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Hormone Therapy vs Chemotherapy

About.com Prostate Cancer — Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Hormone therapy and chemotherapy are two types of treatment that men with advanced prostate cancer often consider. So what should you know about hormone therapy and chemotherapy for prostate cancer? (Source: About.com Prostate Cancer)

Diagnosis and Management of von Willebrand Disease: A Developing Country Perspective

Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis — Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Semin Thromb Hemost 2011; 37: 587-594DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1281047ABSTRACTSpecial challenges exist in the management of patients with von Willebrand disease (VWD) because of limitations in diagnostic facilities and therapeutic options. However, even within these limitations, it is possible to establish comprehensive services for this condition. Our data show that among 202 patients with VWD, 107 were type 3, 62 were type 1, and the others different categories of type 2. Basic tests such as bleeding time and activated partial thromboplastin time with factor (F)VIII coagulant are able to diagnose most of those with severe disease. We have been able to adapt the specific tests such as von Willebrand factor (VWF) ristocetin cofactor and VWF antigen from the tedious batched manual methods to cost...

Prostate cancer in the senior men from rural areas in east district of China: Contemporary management and 5-year outcomes at multi-institutional collaboration

Cancer Letters — Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: In keeping with a lack of prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-based screening, Chinese men present later in life and course of their disease, with over 27% men dying of PCa at five years. Debulking of tumors by surgery and radiation therapy for high grade tumor may provide some survival benefit in the senior men but further study is required to validate these findings. It is important of the annual use of PSA test for men over 50years old to detect the PCa in the early stage in this nation. (Source: Cancer Letters)

Breast Cancer Treatment Practices in Elderly Women in a Community Hospital

Comparative and Functional Genomics — Thu, 17 Nov 2011 17:30:47 +0100

Conclusions. Surgery was performed in majority of these patients, about half received lumpectomy, the other half mastectomy. Adjuvant therapies were frequently excluded, with only hormonal therapy being the most commonly used. Overall five-year survival is significantly worse in patients ≥80 years with breast cancer. (Source: Comparative and Functional Genomics)

Combo hormone therapy has increased breast cancer risk over estrogen alone

EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health — Thu, 17 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

(University of California - Los Angeles Health Sciences) Now a study by researchers at UCLA's Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center has found that women taking the combination estrogen and progestin menopausal hormone therapy who experienced new onset breast tenderness had a 33 percent greater subsequent risk of developing breast cancer than women who did not experience breast tenderness. (Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health)

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Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase and Antiestrogen Resistance in Breast Cancer [BIOLOGY OF NEOPLASIA]

Journal of Clinical Oncology — Thu, 17 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Although antiestrogen therapies targeting estrogen receptor (ER) α signaling prevent disease recurrence in the majority of patients with hormone-dependent breast cancer, a significant fraction of patients exhibit de novo or acquired resistance. Currently, the only accepted mechanism linked with endocrine resistance is amplification or overexpression of the ERBB2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 [HER2]) proto-oncogene. Experimental and clinical evidence suggests that hyperactivation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway, the most frequently mutated pathway in breast cancer, promotes antiestrogen resistance. PI3K is a major signaling hub downstream of HER2 and other receptor tyrosine kinases. PI3K activates several molecules involved in cell-cycle progression and...

Combination therapy improves survival rate in locally advanced PCa

Modern Medicine — Thu, 17 Nov 2011 03:01:26 +0100

Men with locally advanced or high-risk prostate cancer who receive combined radiation and hormone therapy live longer and are less likely to die from their disease than men receiving hormone therapy only, according to results of a recent multicenter study. (Source: Modern Medicine)

New treatment paradigm for prostate cancer: abarelix initiation therapy for immediate testosterone suppression followed by a luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone agonist

BJU International — Wed, 16 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS• Abarelix initiation therapy results in the desired effect of achieving rapid testosterone suppression; testosterone surges after subsequent LHRH agonist therapy are greatly abrogated or completely eliminated.• This treatment paradigm (abarelix initiation followed by agonist maintenance) obviates the need for an antiandrogen.• Abarelix was well tolerated and no clinically meaningful or novel adverse events were observed during abarelix treatment or in the transition to LHRH agonist maintenance therapy. (Source: BJU International)

Satisfaction with Genital Surgery and Sexual Life of Adults with XY Disorders of Sex Development: Results from the German Clinical Evaluation Study.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism — Wed, 16 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions:Care should be improved in XY,DSD patients. Constructive genital surgery should be minimized and performed mainly in adolescence or adulthood with the patients' consent. Individuals with DSD and their families should be informed with sensibility about the condition. Multidisciplinary care with psychological and nonprofessional support (parents, peers, and patients' support groups) is mandatory from child to adulthood. PMID: 22090272 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism)

Resistance To Common Breast Cancer Drug May Be Overcome By Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor

Health News from Medical News Today — Tue, 15 Nov 2011 09:00:00 +0100

Researchers have shown how estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer tumors become resistant to tamoxifen, the only approved hormonal therapy for premenopausal patients with this type of breast cancer. They also found that introducing a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor in hormone therapy treatment can overcome resistance to hormonal therapy. "We always thought that resistance was primarily an inborn or genetic effect," said Pamela N. Munster, M.D., director of the Early-Phase Clinical Trials Program at the University of California, San Francisco. "But this is not the case... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

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Bilateral oophorectomy is not associated with increased mortality: the California Teachers Study

Fertility and Sterility — Tue, 15 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Objective: To investigate the effect of surgical menopause due to bilateral oophorectomy on mortality, in light of evidence that bilateral oophorectomy among premenopausal women rapidly reduces endogenous hormone levels, thereby modifying risks of cardiovascular disease and breast cancer.Design: The California Teachers Study (CTS) is a prospective cohort study of 133,479 women initiated in 1995–1996 through a mailed, self-administered questionnaire. Relative risks and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression.Setting: None.Patient(s): California Teachers Study participants who, at baseline, reported having surgical menopause due to bilateral oophorectomy (n = 9,785), were compared with participants with natural menopause (n = 32,219).Intervent...

Lifestyle risk management – a qualitative analysis of women’s descriptions of taking hormone therapy following surgically induced menopause

Journal of Advanced Nursing — Mon, 14 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion. The study provided insights into how women utilize an experiential reasoning process to manage the health and lifestyle risks associated with taking menopausal hormone therapy. Nurses need to be aware of how this process influences women’s reasoning processes when working with women following surgical menopause. (Source: Journal of Advanced Nursing)

[18F]-fluoroestradiol quantitative PET imaging to differentiate ER+ and ERα-knockdown breast tumors in mice

Nuclear Medicine and Biology — Mon, 14 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: FES PET imaging was able to reliably differentiate between tumors having differences in their ERα expression in vivo, in a mouse model. Quantitative data obtained by FES PET were in concordance with biodistribution studies and in vitro assays. It is concluded that FES PET imaging can likely be used to monitor subtle ER status changes during the course of hormone therapy. (Source: Nuclear Medicine and Biology)

HDAC inhibitor may overcome resistance to common breast cancer drug

EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health — Sun, 13 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

(American Association for Cancer Research) Researchers have shown how estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer tumors become resistant to tamoxifen, the only approved hormonal therapy for premenopausal patients with this type of breast cancer. They also found that introducing a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor in hormone therapy treatment can overcome resistance to hormonal therapy. (Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health)