MedWorm: Nicotine Replacement Therapy

Family support and employment as predictors of smoking cessation success: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of nicotine sublingual tablets in chinese smokers.

The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse — Sat, 27 Jun 2009 12:40:03 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest the need for a more in-depth examination of the impact of being married and employment as a white collar worker (rather than manual laborer) in order to develop better targeted interventions for improving smoking cessation interventions. PMID: 19462302 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse)

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Factors associated with the use of aids to cessation in English smokers

Addiction — Sun, 21 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions In England, half of all attempts to quit smoking are aided by some form of pharmacological or behavioural treatment. However, the use of the most effective treatment option (the NHS-SSS) is low, despite it being free of charge. Factors associated with an increased use of aids to cessation were female sex, older age, more cigarettes smoked per day and planning a quit attempt. Research is needed into how to increase utilization rates, particularly among males and younger smokers. (Source: Addiction)

Mediators of the Relationship Between Nicotine Replacement Therapy and Smoking Abstinence Among People Living With HIV/AIDS

AIDS Education and Prevention — Wed, 17 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100

AIDS Education and Prevention 21(3_supplement): 65-80 Cigarette smoking is highly prevalent among people living with HIV/AIDS and poses unique health risks. Smoking cessation programs tailored to this population have documented improved smoking outcomes with nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). The current study examined 6-month abstinence rates from a randomized clinical trial targeting 412 HIV-positive adult current smokers (51% European American, 19% African American, and 17% Hispanic American) and tested whether psychosocial variables, such as self-efficacy and decisional balance, mediated the relationship between NRT and long-term abstinence. Meeting criteria for complete mediation, 6-month smoking abstinence rates improved significantly with increases in these mediators, and the assoc...

Effects of nicotine on novelty detection and memory recognition performance: double-blind, placebo-controlled studies of smokers and nonsmokers

Psychopharmacology — Tue, 02 Jun 2009 09:04:23 +0100

Conclusions These data suggest that acute nicotine administration may exert direct beneficial effects on novelty detection and subsequent memory recognition in both smokers and nonsmokers. Moreover, these effects are not content-specific. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original InvestigationDOI 10.1007/s00213-009-1571-yAuthors Brett Froeliger, Duke University Medical Center Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Box 2701 Durham NC 27708 USADavid G. Gilbert, Southern Illinois University—Carbondale Psychology Department Carbondale IL USAF. Joseph McClernon, Duke University Medical Center Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Box 2701 Durham NC 27708 USA Journal PsychopharmacologyOnline ISSN 1432-2072Print ISSN 0033-3158 (Source: Psycho...

Nicotine withdrawal and craving in adolescents: effects of sex and hormonal contraceptive use.

Addictive Behaviors — Sun, 31 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Dickmann PJ, Mooney ME, Allen SS, Hanson K, Hatsukami DK While sex differences in the nicotine withdrawal (NW) symptoms and craving (NC) have been extensively described in adult cigarette smokers, few studies have investigated these phenomena in adolescents. We investigated the effect of gender and hormonal contraception (HC) on NW and NC during the first 14 days of cessation in adolescent smokers using data from a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of the transdermal nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation. Analyses showed similar levels of NW severity in males and females, regardless of HC use. However, significantly higher NC was observed in females compared to males, (2.22+/-0.12 vs. 1.65+/-1.14; p=0.003). Further, females not using HC reported t...

Pharmacogenetics of smoking cessation therapy

American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics — Wed, 27 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100

Nicotine dependence is a major health problem, with a large amount of smoking-related premature deaths and disabilities. The dependence mechanism of nicotine is especially complex and is under strong genetic influence. Smoking cessation is associated with substantial health benefits. Evidence from animal and human studies suggests that genetic polymorphisms influencing pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of nicotine may have great potential for aiding smoking treatment. There are more than 30 association studies and one genome-wide association study (GWAS) between genetic polymorphisms and smoking cessation following nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) and/or bupropion therapy. However, only a few candidate genes or regions were analyzed more than twice and even these genes require additi...

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APA 2009: Nicotine Patches Reduce Agitation in Smokers With Schizophrenia

Medscape Psychiatry Headlines — Tue, 19 May 2009 14:28:39 +0100

Nicotine replacement therapy -- specifically 21-mg/day transdermal patches -- can decrease agitation and aggressive behavior in hospitalized patients with schizophrenia, according to a randomized controlled trial. Medscape Medical News (Source: Medscape Psychiatry Headlines)

Neurotransmission-related genetic polymorphisms, negative affectivity traits, and gender predict tobacco abstinence symptoms across 44 days with and without nicotine patch.

Journal of Abnormal Psychology — Thu, 07 May 2009 19:50:27 +0100

Genetic and personality trait moderators of tobacco abstinence–symptom trajectories were assessed in a highly controlled study. Based on evidence suggesting their importance in stress reactivity and smoking, moderators studied were serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) and dopamine D2 receptor gene (DRD2) polymorphisms and personality traits related to negative affect (NA). Smokers were randomly assigned to quit smoking with nicotine or placebo patches. Financial incentives resulted in 80% verified abstinence across the 44-day study. Individuals with 1 or 2 short alleles of 5-HTTLPR (S carriers) experienced larger increases in NA symptoms than did those without a short allele. Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) alleviated anxiety only in S carriers. NRT reduced NA to a greater extent in ...

Effect of preoperative smoking cessation interventions on postoperative complications and smoking cessation.

The British Journal of Surgery — Thu, 30 Apr 2009 23:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: Surgical patients may benefit from intensive preoperative smoking cessation interventions. These include individual counselling initiated at least 4 weeks before operation and nicotine replacement therapy. PMID: 19358172 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: The British Journal of Surgery)

Nicotine replacement therapy not meant for long-term care

OrlandoSentinel: Medical Research — Thu, 30 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100

DEAR MAYO CLINIC: After 30 years of smoking, I was able to quit the habit 12 years ago. Since then, I've been chewing about 15 pieces of nicotine gum every day. Can you tell me how this might be affecting my health? I'm in good health overall, but my... (Source: OrlandoSentinel: Medical Research)

Nicotine replacement therapy not meant for long-term care

OrlandoSentinel: Medical Research — Tue, 28 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100

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Nicotine replacement therapy not meant for long-term care

OrlandoSentinel: Medical Research — Tue, 28 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100

Protocol for the Proactive or Reactive Telephone Smoking CeSsation Support (PORTSSS) Trial

Trials — Tue, 28 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100

DiscussionThe PORTSSS trial will provide high quality evidence to determine the most appropriate kind of counselling which should be provided via the NHS Smoking Helpline and also whether or not an additional offer of cost-free NRT is effective and cost effective for smoking cessation. Trial Registration (clinicaltrials.gov): NCT00775944 (Source: Trials)

Hn07psmoking cessation in patients undergoing treatment for head and neck cancer

ANZ Journal of Surgery — Mon, 27 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Most patients undergoing treatment of head and neck cancer quitted smoking in response to a personal "crisis", reinforced by the non-smoking hospital environment and consistent medical and family advice. Strategies are needed for the high rate of restarting smoking for successful quitters. (Source: ANZ Journal of Surgery)

Nicotine Replacement Therapy May Be Effective in Smokers Unable to Attempt an Abrupt Quit

Medscape Today Headlines — Fri, 10 Apr 2009 03:54:58 +0100

A meta-analysis suggests that nicotine replacement therapy effectively achieves sustained smoking abstinence for smokers who have no intention or are unable to attempt an abrupt quit. Medscape Medical News (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

Nicotine Replacement Therapy May Be Effective in Smokers Unable to Attempt an Abrupt Quit

Medscape Pulmonary Medicine Headlines — Thu, 09 Apr 2009 21:00:00 +0100

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Extended treatment of older cigarette smokers

Addiction — Thu, 09 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Extended cognitive behavioral treatments can produce high and stable cigarette abstinence rates for both men and women. NRT does not add to the efficacy of extended CBT, and may hamper its efficacy. Research is needed to determine if these results can be replicated in a sample with a greater range of ages, and improved upon with the addition of medications other than NRT. (Source: Addiction)

Nicotine replacement therapy could help smokers quit gradually

Nursing in Practice — Wed, 08 Apr 2009 20:43:29 +0100

Smokers who are prepared to try to reduce their smoking are twice as likely to stop for good if they use nicotine replacement therapy (Source: Nursing in Practice)

Effect of preoperative smoking cessation interventions on postoperative complications and smoking cessation

British Journal of Surgery — Wed, 08 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of preoperative smoking cessation interventions on postoperative complications and smoking cessation itself.Relevant databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of preoperative smoking cessation interventions. Trial inclusion, risk of bias assessment and data extraction were performed by two authors. Risk ratios for the above outcomes were calculated and pooled effects estimated using the fixed-effect method.Eleven RCTs were included containing 1194 patients. Smoking interventions were intensive, medium intensity and less intensive. Follow-up for postoperative complications was 30 days. For smoking cessation it was from the day of surgery to 12 months thereafter. Overall, the interventions significantly reduced the occurre...

Using Nicotine Replacement Therapy Could Help Some Smokers Quit Gradually

Health News from Medical News Today — Sun, 05 Apr 2009 09:00:00 +0100

Smokers who do not want to quit right now, but are prepared to try to reduce their smoking are twice as likely to stop smoking in the long-term if they use nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) to help them cut down gradually, according to research published on bmj.com today. (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Nicotine therapy helps smokers stop slowly

Health News - UPI.com — Fri, 03 Apr 2009 21:40:44 +0100

BIRMINGHAM, England, April 3 (UPI) -- Smokers who do not want to quit, but want to cut down, are twice as likely to stop smoking if they use nicotine replacement therapy, British researchers said. (Source: Health News - UPI.com)

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Gradual Cutback with Nicotine Replacement Boosts Quit Rates

MedPage Today Primary Care — Fri, 03 Apr 2009 13:03:33 +0100

SAN FRANCISCO (MedPage Today) -- Smokers who aren't ready to go cold turkey may double their chances of quitting with gradual nicotine replacement therapy, according to a meta-analysis. (Source: MedPage Today Primary Care)

Nicotine Replacement Can Help Smokers Quit Gradually

Modern Medicine — Fri, 03 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100

Smokers who are unwilling or unable to quit abruptly may still find nicotine replacement therapy useful as a means to gradually stop smoking, according to a study published online April 2 in BMJ. (Source: Modern Medicine)

Nicotine replacement could help more smokers quit

Reuters: Health — Thu, 02 Apr 2009 23:03:42 +0100

LONDON (Reuters) - Nicotine replacement therapy can help smokers quit even when they do not think they are ready, researchers reported on Friday. (Source: Reuters: Health)

Self-reported smoking cessation activities among Swiss primary care physicians

BMC Family Practice — Wed, 25 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: The majority of respondents practice recommended smoking cessation interventions. However, there is room for improvement and implementing an evidence-based smoking cessation-training program could provide additional benefit. (Source: BMC Family Practice)

[Research papers] Using a quitline plus low-cost nicotine replacement therapy to help disadvantaged smokers to quit

Tobacco Control — Tue, 24 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Disadvantaged smokers were easily engaged to call the quitline, particularly when offered subsidised NRT. Disadvantaged smokers using the quitline, with and without subsidised NRT, achieved cessation outcomes comparable to other studies of "mainstream" smokers. (Source: Tobacco Control)

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Increasing hospital-wide delivery of smoking cessation care for nicotine-dependent in-patients: a multi-strategic intervention trial

Addiction — Fri, 13 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Implementation of a multi-strategic intervention is effective in increasing hospital smoking care delivery, particularly the provision of NRT. Research is required to identify methods to increase further the delivery of this and other forms of smoking care. (Source: Addiction)

Tobacco Quitlines and Persons With Mental Illnesses: Perspective, Practice, and Direction

Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association — Tue, 10 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100

The prevalence of tobacco use among persons with mental illnesses is 2 to 3 times that of the general population, and these individuals suffer significant related health disparities. Many people with mental illnesses contact tobacco quitlines for cessation assistance. With free telephone counseling and in some cases nicotine replacement therapy, quitlines offer a potentially effective resource for this population. However, quitlines are still trying to determine how best to meet these callers' unique needs. The authors discuss emerging practices regarding quitline services for persons with mental illnesses, as well as expert opinion for enhancing work with these individuals. (Source: Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association)

Varenicline: a first-line treatment option for smoking cessation.

Clinical Therapeutics — Sun, 01 Mar 2009 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Varenicline has a unique mechanism of action compared with other first-line options for smoking cessation. Available clinical-trial data support its use as an effective and generally well-tolerated therapy for smoking cessation in healthy adult smokers, although there is a need for further efficacy and safety evaluation in the general population, particularly those with comorbid conditions. PMID: 19393839 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Clinical Therapeutics)

An analysis of the utilisation and expenditure of medicines dispensed for the management of severe asthma.

Ir Med J — Sun, 01 Mar 2009 00:00:00 +0100

This study examines the prescribing patterns of medicines dispensed for the management Asthma/COPD in patients over the age of 35 years using the HSE-Primary Care Reimbursement Services (PCRS) prescribing databases. The HSE-PCRS pharmacy claims data, which covers all those over 70 years of age and means tested for those less than 70 years, was analysed for the years 2005/2006. Approximately 26,548 (17.9%) of patients who were prescribed a respiratory drug received inhaled short-acting beta2 agonists in combination with a regular standard-dose inhaled corticosteroid. A further 5,044 (3.4%) were also prescribed a regular inhaled long-acting beta2 agonist (salmeterol or formoterol). A total of 2506 patients (6.2%) on combination therapy were co-prescribed four different anti-asthmatic treatme...

[Outpatient smoking cessation: A report on 3,260 cases.]

Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift — Sat, 21 Feb 2009 00:08:24 +0100

Authors: Groman E, Riemerth A, Steiner-Ringl A, Veitsmeier I, Kroat A, Kroat U, Bernhard G A total number of 3260 smokers were included into a 4-week smoking cessation programme of the Regional Sickness Fund of Lower Austria in which participants were coached by health care professionals. The smoking status of each subject, as determined by measuring expired CO, resulted in a success rate of 70.6% (non-smokers and persons with smoking reduction). Success rates were emerged to increase with decreasing level of baseline nicotine dependence (determined with the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence = FTND). Even in the group of heavily dependent smokers, however, (FTND Score 8-10) a non-smoking rate of 33.9% was achieved. Moreover, an additional 27.6% of the persons of this group h...

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[Smoking cessation with Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) - a scientific Update.]

Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift — Sat, 21 Feb 2009 00:08:24 +0100

Authors: Mulzer KH, Lichtenschopf A, Homeier I, Groman E Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) is available in various application forms for the treatment of tobacco addiction. All forms underwent a comprehensive clinical study program (approx. 132 trial) to research on efficacy, safety and influence of environmental conditions. Nicotine gum, patch, nasalspray, microtab, lozenge and inhaler are recommended based on evidence criteria (OR 1.5 to 3.6, variation based on usage conditions and application form. NRT forms are OTC medicines (Exception: Nicotine nasalspray). The quality and the certainty of the nicotine replacement therapy will be enhanced by reflecting considerations concerning the indication, correlation of single NRT form to the appropriate user as well as the right dosage and ...

ORIGINAL INVESTIGATION: Cost-effective Primary Care-Based Strategies to Improve Smoking Cessation: More Value for Money

Archives of Internal Medicine — Mon, 09 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Both treatments have a high potential to reduce smoking-related morbidity at a low cost. It is highly recommended that they be implemented as a routine service offered by GPs because in many countries, health insurance plans currently do not fund nicotine replacement therapy. (Source: Archives of Internal Medicine)

Nicotine replacement therapy practices in Finland one year after deregulation of the product sales-Has anything changed from the community pharmacy perspective?

Health Policy — Tue, 03 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Despite NRT products' sales at pharmacies having decreased and especially pharmacy owners' motivation to counsel NRT usage having diminished, pharmacists still see it as their duty to guide and support SC. PMID: 19195735 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Health Policy)

Exploring the views of women on using nicotine replacement therapy in pregnancy.

Midwifery — Wed, 28 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: exploring the views of women enabled the researchers to gain a greater understanding of the problems and achievements that women encountered when using NRT as an aid to stop smoking during pregnancy. The study also demonstrated that smoking cessation strategies can be successful if they are tailored to the individual needs of each woman, taking into account her dependency, domestic circumstances and willingness to change. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: the findings of this study add to the available research surrounding the efficacy of NRT in pregnancy. There is little evidence that the views of pregnant women have been taken into account prior to this study; as such, this report offers a different dimension to the available evidence. Although these findings could be adopted and u...

Smoking in pregnancy and lactation: a review of risks and cessation strategies

European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology — Sat, 24 Jan 2009 12:33:55 +0100

Conclusions Behavioral interventions report only modest success rates. Nicotine replacement therapy and antidepressants appear to be safe to use in pregnancy, but do not achieve a substantially higher success rate for quitting. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Review ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00228-008-0609-0Authors Adrienne Einarson, University of Toronto The Motherisk Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Clinical Pharmacology 555 University Avenue Toronto ON M5G 1X8 CanadaSara Riordan, Arizona Teratology Information Program Tucson AZ USA Journal European Journal of Clinical PharmacologyOnline ISSN 1432-1041Print ISSN 0031-6970 (Source: European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology)

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Tobacco use cessation provided by dental hygienists

International Journal of Dental Hygiene — Sat, 24 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100

To cite this article:Int J Dent Hygiene 7, 2009; 39[ndash]48Ramseier CA, Fundak A. Tobacco use cessation provided by dental hygienists.Abstract: Second to regular mechanical plaque control, tobacco use cessation has become the most important measure for the treatment of periodontal diseases. In contrast to general medical professionals, dental hygienists are seeing their patients regularly and are therefore available for supporting their patients to quit tobacco use. Tobacco use disease consists of both a physical addiction and a psychological dependence. Therefore, the combination of behaviour change support with pharmacotherapy is recommended for tobacco use cessation counselling. The use of brief motivational interviewing for tobacco use short interventions in the dental practice appear...

[Research papers] Modelling the health benefits of smoking cessation in Japan

Tobacco Control — Fri, 23 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Smoking cessation can have measurable short-term impacts on the smoking-related mortality burden in Japan. However, to achieve these gains, tobacco control policies should focus both on increasing smokers’ willingness to quit and providing the support and therapies to increase the likelihood that smoking cessation attempts will succeed. (Source: Tobacco Control)

[Research papers] An algorithm for tailoring pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation: results from a Delphi panel of international experts

Tobacco Control — Fri, 23 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: An algorithm and guide were developed to assist clinicians in prescribing pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation. There appears to be good justification for "off-label" use such as higher doses of NRT or combination therapy in certain circumstances. This practical tool reflects best evidence to date of experts in tobacco cessation. (Source: Tobacco Control)

[Research papers] Explaining the social gradient in smoking cessation: it's not in the trying, but in the succeeding

Tobacco Control — Fri, 23 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Smokers in more deprived socioeconomic groups are just as likely as those in higher groups to try to stop and use aids to cessation but there is a strong gradient across socioeconomic groups in success, with those in the lowest group being half as likely to succeed compared with the highest. Determining the cause of, and counteracting, this gradient is paramount in reducing health inequalities. (Source: Tobacco Control)

Coronary heart disease risk reduction intervention among overweight smokers with a psychotic disorder: pilot trial.

The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry — Thu, 22 Jan 2009 16:00:57 +0100

Conclusions: A multi-component CHD risk factor intervention among smokers with psychosis appears to be feasible and effective in the short-term. A randomized controlled trial replicating and extending these findings is warranted. PMID: 19153920 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry)

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Do implementation issues influence the effectiveness of medications? The case of nicotine replacement therapy and bupropion in UK Stop Smoking Services

BMC Public Health - Latest articles — Wed, 21 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Given that the level of behavioural support received by clients on each medication was identical, the most plausible explanation for the difference in effectiveness between NRT and bupropion perhaps lies with how clients of the Stop Smoking Services obtained their medications. Obtaining NRT was relatively easy for clients throughout the study period whilst this was not the case for bupropion. This study suggests that implementation issues and/or self-selection may influence the effectiveness of medications in health care, as opposed to research, settings. (Source: BMC Public Health - Latest articles)

Sex heterogeneity in pharmacogenetic smoking cessation clinical trials.

Drug and Alcohol Dependence — Wed, 07 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Schnoll RA, Patterson F Approximately one-quarter of smokers who use treatments for nicotine dependence are able to achieve cessation. However, there is evidence that women do not respond as well to nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) and, perhaps, to bupropion, compared to men. In this contribution to the Special Issue of Drug and Alcohol Dependence concerning Women and Smoking, we begin with a brief overview of data supporting the role of sex in influencing response to NRT and bupropion. Next, we summarize the results of pharmacogenetic smoking cessation clinical trials which assessed sex as a moderator as well. A relatively small number of pharmacogenetic studies of nicotine dependence treatments have been conducted and five studies reported sex effects in these trials. Of t...

Citations to trials of nicotine replacement therapy were biased toward positive results and high-impact-factor journals

Journal of Clinical Epidemiology — Wed, 07 Jan 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Objective: To study variations in the number of times trials of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) were cited, and which characteristics of trials predicted the number of citations and the impact factors of journals in which articles were published.Study Design and Setting: We used all 105 randomized controlled trials in the Cochrane review of NRT for smoking cessation. We obtained impact factors from the Journal Citation Reports and the number of citations from ISI Web of Knowledge and Google Scholar.Results: Trials were cited from 0 to 632 times (median 23 times). Trials were cited more often when results were statistically significant than when they were not (median=41 vs. 17 times, P (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology)

New Study Shows Nicotine Replacement Therapy Appropriate For Gradual As Well As Abrupt Quitters

Smoking / Quit Smoking News From Medical News Today — Tue, 06 Jan 2009 10:00:00 +0100

Nicotine gum has been in use for over 20 years to help smokers quit abruptly yet close to two-thirds of smokers report that they would prefer to quit gradually. Researchers from the University of Pittsburgh and GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare have now found that smokers who are trying to quit gradually can also be helped by nicotine gum. (Source: Smoking / Quit Smoking News From Medical News Today)

[Articles] Smoking Restrictions and Treatment for Smoking: Policies and Procedures in Psychiatric Inpatient Units in Australia

Psychiatr Serv — Mon, 29 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Inadequate establishment of nonsmoking environments and of smoking restriction enforcement as well as inconsistencies in the provision of smoking care were evident. The findings suggest that failure of psychiatric services to provide smoking care is systemic and not related to particular types of services (for example acute versus nonacute or regional versus metropolitan). (Source: Psychiatr Serv)

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[Epidemiology] Long-Term Smoking Cessation Outcomes Among Childhood Cancer Survivors in the Partnership for Health Study

Journal of Clinical Oncology — Mon, 29 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion Cessation rates continue to be significantly higher among participants in the PC condition versus SH, although the differences were not large. This article highlights differences in long-term engagement with smoking cessation among those who received the intervention. (Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology)

Use of Nicotine Replacement Therapy During Pregnancy and Stillbirth: A Cohort Study.

Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey — Wed, 24 Dec 2008 10:06:25 +0100

Page: 13DOI: 10.1097/01.ogx.0000343878.28835.34Authors: Strandberg-Larsen, K; Tinggaard, M; Andersen, A-M Nybo; Olsen, J; Gronbaek, M (Source: Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey)

Acute responses to nicotine and smoking: Implications for prevention and treatment of smoking in lower SES women.

Drug and Alcohol Dependence — Wed, 10 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Perkins KA Compared with men, smoking reward and reinforcement in women tend to be less sensitive to nicotine but more sensitive to the nonpharmacological aspects of cigarette smoking (e.g. cues). Drawing mostly on findings from our laboratory, including new analyses of existing data, we explored whether characteristics possibly related to socioeconomic status (SES) may moderate acute responses to nicotine or smoking in women. Effects of nicotine in nonsmokers and in smokers were thought to identify factors that may be involved in the onset of nicotine dependence and in persistence of dependence, respectively. In nonsmokers, impulsive personality, prior marijuana use, and DRD2 and DRD4 genotypes may moderate nicotine responses in men but apparently not in women. However, the D...

Over-the-counter nicotine replacement therapy: Can its impact on smoking cessation be enhanced?

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors — Mon, 08 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100

Nicotine replacement therapies (NRTs) are efficacious smoking-cessation aids. However, only minimal increases in smoking cessation followed NRTs being made available over-the-counter (OTC), which presumably made these treatments more readily available. To better understand why the United States did not experience improvements in smoking cessation following the OTC availability of NRTs, it is useful to review factors that determine NRT's impact on smoking cessation and how these factors played out with the introduction of OTC NRT. The authors contend that for NRTs to have a greater impact on public health, increases are needed in the number of individuals making a quit attempt, the proportion using NRTs in a quit attempt, and the effectiveness of each quit attempt. Even small increases in t...