MedWorm: Mumps Vaccine

Measles mumps and rubella virus vaccine: Pityriasis rubra pilaris (first report) in an infant: case report

Reactions — Sun, 05 Feb 2012 18:29:54 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

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Mumps virus vaccine live: Encephalitis in a child: case report

Reactions — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 18:34:27 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

The Risk of Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura After Vaccination in Children and Adolescents

PEDIATRICS — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: ITP is unlikely after early childhood vaccines other than MMR. Because of the small number of exposed cases and potential confounding, the possible association of ITP with hepatitis A, varicella, and tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis vaccines in older children requires further investigation. (Source: PEDIATRICS)

Improving the Quality of Immunization Delivery to an At-Risk Population: A Comprehensive Approach

PEDIATRICS — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: We were able to implement a comprehensive immunization QI program that was sustainable over time. (Source: PEDIATRICS)

Progress towards measles and rubella elimination in Tuscany, Italy: the role of population seroepidemiological profile

The European Journal of Public Health — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Additional catch-up vaccination strategies targeting the adult population (particularly fertile women) are strongly needed to eliminate the risk of measles and congenital rubella syndrome for future generations. (Source: The European Journal of Public Health)

[Assessment of primary care physicians' adherence to the national childhood vaccination schedule.]

Archives de Pediatrie — Wed, 18 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: The level of physicians' knowledge about the vaccination schedule in children was insufficient in northern France, especially for pertussis and measles. This can decrease vaccination coverage levels as well as its beneficial effects for children. PMID: 22264997 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Archives de Pediatrie)

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Case‐control study of risk factors for spasmodic dysphonia: A comparison with other voice disorders

The Laryngoscope — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions:SD is likely multifactorial and associated with several endogenous and exogenous factors. Certain viral exposures, voice use patterns, and familial neurological conditions may contribute to the onset of SD later in life. (Source: The Laryngoscope)

Scientific misconduct: Latest MMR 'dispute' is a straw man

Nature — Wed, 11 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Nature 481, 7380 (2012). doi:10.1038/481145d Author: Brian Deer Journalists have for years manufactured baseless controversy over the measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine. The latest example is Eugenie Samuel Reich's report 'Fresh dispute about MMR 'fraud'' (Nature479, 157–158; 201110.1038/479157a). Truly a classic of the genre. (Source: Nature)

Development of a bead-based multiplex immunoassay for the simultaneously quantitative detection of IgG serum antibodies against Measles, Mumps, Rubella and Varicella Zoster.

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology — Wed, 11 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, the MMRV multiplex assay is a good alternative for the conventional ELISAs and suitable for use in serosurveillance and vaccine studies. PMID: 22237896 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology)

UK parents' decision-making about measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine 10 years after the MMR-autism controversy: A qualitative analysis.

Vaccine — Fri, 06 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: This study corroborated some previous qualitative work but indicated that the shrinking group of parents now rejecting MMR comprises mainly those with more extreme and complex anti-immunisation views, whilst parents opting for single vaccines may use second-hand information about the controversy. In response, policymakers and practitioners should revise their expectations of today's MMR decision-makers, and their methods for supporting them. PMID: 22230590 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine)

Andrew Wakefield sues BMJ for claiming MMR study was fraudulent

Guardian Unlimited Science — Thu, 05 Jan 2012 18:17:42 +0100

BMJ and investigative journalist stand by allegations in articles about research linking MMR vaccine to autismAndrew Wakefield, the doctor who was struck off the medical register after triggering a health scare linking autism to the MMR vaccine, is suing the editor-in-chief of the British Medical Journal for defamation.In a complaint filed to a district court in Texas, lawyers acting for Wakefield claim that articles, editorials and other statements that appeared in the BMJ were "false and make defamatory allegations" about the doctor.The lawsuit names Fiona Godlee, the BMJ's editor-in-chief, and the British investigative journalist Brian Deer, who has covered the controversy over the measles, mumps and rubella vaccine, which led to a drop in MMR vaccination rates to dangerous levels.Docum...

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Antibodies against mumps virus component proteins

Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy — Wed, 04 Jan 2012 06:57:32 +0100

In this study, immunofluorescent (IF) antibodies against nucleocapsid (N), fusion (F), and hemagglutinin–neuraminidase (HN) proteins were investigated in comparison with NT and EIA antibodies. The antibody against N protein was dominant in serum samples obtained from patients with a previous history of mumps infection. Titers of antibodies against F and HN proteins were very low. Many serum samples were positive for EIA but negative for NT, and no significant correlation was noted between NT and EIA antibodies. Among the three component proteins, correlation of EIA and IF antibodies with N protein was relatively good. After vaccination with mumps vaccine, EIA positivity was closely related to the IF antibodies against N protein, and after vaccination NT-positive sera became positiv...

[Relationship between precariousness, social coverage, and vaccine coverage: Survey among children consulting in pediatric emergency departments in France.]

Archives de Pediatrie — Wed, 04 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: Poor children living in southern France had significant delays in their routine immunizations, resulting in gaps in their protection. Every medical visit, even those conducted in an emergency ward, should identify children with immunization delays and offer a catch-up schedule if necessary. PMID: 22226013 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Archives de Pediatrie)

Mumps vaccine effectiveness against orchitis.

Emerging Infectious Diseases — Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Hahné S, Whelan J, van Binnendijk R, Swaan C, Fanoy E, Boot H, de Melker H Abstract TO THE EDITOR: Yung et al. reported in the April 2011 issue of Emerging Infectious Diseases on the epidemiologic characteristics of the nationwide mumps outbreak in England and Wales in 2004-2005 (1). The associated effect of disease was considerable, with >43,000 reported cases and >2,600 hospitalizations. Compared with the prevaccine era, the average age of infection was higher, with infection occurring mostly in older teenagers and young adults (2). Older age at infection is associated with a higher risk of certain complications, particularly orchitis (3). Yung et al. reported that among cases of mumps, previous mumps measles rubella (MMR) vaccination offered considerable protecti...

Doh! Top Science Journal Retractions of 2011

Scientific American - Official RSS Feed — Tue, 27 Dec 2011 17:30:00 +0100

Bad science papers can have lasting effects. Consider the 1998 paper in the journal The Lancet that linked autism to the MMR vaccine for measles, mumps and rubella. That paper was fully retracted in 2010 upon evidence that senior author Andrew Wakefield had manipulated data and breached several proper ethical codes of conduct. [More] (Source: Scientific American - Official RSS Feed)

Similarity of parents and physicians in the decision to vaccinate children against measles, mumps and rubella

International Journal of Public Health — Thu, 15 Dec 2011 16:47:56 +0100

Conclusions Efforts to improve the number of parental decisions for vaccination should focus on the educational level of the parents as well as homophily of parents and physicians. Notably, homogeneity of parents and providers concerning age changes decisions in favor of vaccinating. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-8DOI 10.1007/s00038-011-0326-9Authors P. Kriwy, Economic Sociology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Findelgasse 7-9, 90402 Nuremberg, Germany Journal International Journal of Public HealthOnline ISSN 1661-8564Print ISSN 1661-8556 (Source: International Journal of Public Health)

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Serious reactions to MMR vaccine rare, study finds

CTV Health — Tue, 13 Dec 2011 13:32:52 +0100

Reactions to the first shot of combined measles, mumps and rubella vaccine are fairly common among young children, but serious reactions are actually rare, a new study looking at data from Ontario suggests. (Source: CTV Health)

Concomitant MMRV, Prevnar Safe for Healthy InfantsConcomitant MMRV, Prevnar Safe for Healthy Infants

Medscape Pediatrics Headlines — Wed, 07 Dec 2011 03:52:35 +0100

Administering a child's first dose of the measles, mumps, rubella and varicella (MMRV) vaccine together with the pneumococcal vaccine is "highly immunogenic and generally well tolerated." Reuters Health Information (Source: Medscape Pediatrics Headlines)

Concomitant MMRV, Prevnar safe for healthy infants

Modern Medicine — Mon, 05 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - Administering a child's first dose of the measles, mumps, rubella and varicella (MMRV) vaccine together with the pneumococcal vaccine is "highly immunogenic and generally well tolerated," a new study shows. (Source: Modern Medicine)

Measles mumps and rubella virus vaccine: AHEI in an infant: case report

Reactions — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 07:29:01 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

Immunogenicity and Safety of MMRV and PCV-7 Administered Concomitantly in Healthy Children

PEDIATRICS — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Concomitant administration of the MMRV and PCV-7 is highly immunogenic and generally well tolerated. Similar immune responses between the groups support concomitant administration of the MMRV and PCV-7 to healthy children 12 to 15 months of age. (Source: PEDIATRICS)

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Type 1 diabetes and measles, mumps and rubella childhood infections within the Italian Insulin‐dependent Diabetes Registry

Diabetic Medicine — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: According our findings, mumps and rubella viral infections are associated with the onset of Type 1 diabetes. The statistical significance observed after exclusion of the Sardinian data suggests that other environmental factors may operate over populations with different genetic susceptibility.© 2011 The Authors. Diabetic Medicine© 2011 Diabetes UK (Source: Diabetic Medicine)

Outbreaks of Mumps Apparently Not Caused by New Viruses That Evade Existing Vaccine

MedlinePlus Health News — Tue, 29 Nov 2011 12:40:56 +0100

Source: Food and Drug Administration Related MedlinePlus Page: Mumps (Source: MedlinePlus Health News)

Office immunization.

Primary Care — Mon, 21 Nov 2011 14:24:45 +0100

This article discusses the currently available vaccines along with recommendations for their use. PMID: 22094143 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Primary Care)

Discredited Vaccine-Autism Researcher Defended by Whistleblower Group

Scientific American - Official RSS Feed — Thu, 10 Nov 2011 04:47:00 +0100

It is one of the most serious allegations that could be made about a doctor: manipulating patients' histories to make money. So it is no wonder that the charges, levied by editors of the British Medical Journal (BMJ) in January against medical researcher Andrew Wakefield, are still getting close scrutiny. Now an American whistleblower advocacy group has joined the fray over Wakefield, who in 1998 hypothesized a link, now scientifically disproven, between the measles, mumps and rubella vaccine (MMR) and autism. [More] (Source: Scientific American - Official RSS Feed)

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Polio Progress

About.com Pediatrics — Thu, 03 Nov 2011 12:39:17 +0100

With all of the talk about vaccine refusers, measles outbreaks, and new cases of mumps, etc., you hardly expect to hear any good news about vaccine preventable diseases. Fortunately, there is some good news. The CDC reports on the recent progress toward polio eradication in India. This is big news, as India has been one of few countries, in addition to Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Nigeria, where transmission of indigenous wild poliovirus has not been interrupted....Read Full Post (Source: About.com Pediatrics)

[Pityriasis rubra pilaris after vaccination].

Annales de Dermatologie et de Cenereologie — Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: Questioning about recent vaccination during history taking appears necessary to assess the importance of this trigger factor as well as the mechanism responsible for the onset of PRP. PMID: 22078037 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Annales de Dermatologie et de Cenereologie)

Longitudinal analysis of antibody response to immunization in paediatric survivors after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation

British Journal of Haematology — Mon, 24 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

SummaryThe long‐term antibody responses to re‐immunization in recipients of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT) have not been well studied. We prospectively and longitudinally evaluated the antibody responses to eight vaccine antigens (diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, measles, mumps, rubella, hepatitis B, and poliovirus) and assessed the factors associated with negative titres in 210 allo‐HSCT recipients at St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital. Antibody responses lasting for more than 5 years after immunization were observed in most patients for tetanus (95·7%), rubella (92·3%), poliovirus (97·9%), and, in diphtheria‐tetanus‐acellular pertussis (DTaP) recipients, diphtheria (100%). However, responses to pertussis (25·0%), measles (66·7%), mu...

Unvaccinated People Affected By Largest Measles Outbreak In Years, USA

Health News from Medical News Today — Fri, 21 Oct 2011 21:00:00 +0100

2011 has seen a considerable increase in reported measles cases in Canada and the USA - the vast majority of people who became ill were not vaccinated, informs James M. Hughes, MD, President of the Infectious Disease Society of America. Measles had been declared 'eliminated' in the USA thanks to a high rate of MMR (measles, mumps and rubella) vaccinations among infants. "Eliminated" means a disease has not been spreading continuously - which in this case meant since 2000... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Mumps epidemic in orthodox religious low-vaccination communities in the Netherlands and Canada, 2007 to 2009.

Euro Surveill — Fri, 21 Oct 2011 08:45:02 +0100

Authors: Wielders C, van Binnendijk R, Snijders B, Tipples G, Cremer J, Fanoy E, Dolman S, Ruijs W, Boot H, de Melker H, Hahne S PMID: 22008201 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Euro Surveill)

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What’s Behind the Latest Measles Outbreaks?

WebMD Health — Thu, 20 Oct 2011 20:07:03 +0100

Concerns about a possible link between the measles, mumps and rubella, or MMR, vaccine helped fuel a measles outbreak this year in Minnesota, the country’s largest since 1996, according to research to be presented Saturday at an infectious diseases meeting. (Source: WebMD Health)

Measles: What Parents Need to Know

Thrive, Children's Hospital Boston — Thu, 20 Oct 2011 14:22:46 +0100

The MMR vaccine is the most efficient protection against measles For years, measles has been rare in the United States, thanks to immunization. But recently, that has changed. This year we’ve seen lots of outbreaks, mostly started by unimmunized people going to or coming from countries that have lots of measles—and then giving the infection to unimmunized people here. In Massachusetts we have had 24 cases of measles this year—19 since May! What is measles? Measles, also called rubeola, is a very contagious respiratory illness. What causes it? Measles is caused by a virus. It is spread through the air when people with the illness cough, sneeze, or simply breathe near someone else. It lives in the mucus of infected people, so if an infected person has mucus on their hands (f...

[Study of a population-wide epidemic outbreak of mumps virus G1 in Jerez de la Frontera (Spain).]

Atencion Primaria — Thu, 20 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: An outbreak of mumps virus G 1 population with high rates of mumps vaccine coverage, with areas with low vaccine effectiveness with current vaccine. Mass vaccination of population has contributed to the resolution of the outbreak. PMID: 22019067 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Atencion Primaria)

Mumps epidemic in orthodox religious low-vaccination communities in the Netherlands and Canada, 2007 to 2009

Eurosurveillance latest news — Thu, 13 Oct 2011 00:00:00 +0100

(Source: Eurosurveillance latest news)

Listen up: The high volume of hearing loss

Thrive, Children's Hospital Boston — Fri, 07 Oct 2011 13:40:04 +0100

Kids and teens regularly exposed to second-hand smoke are almost twice as likely to develop hearing loss than children who aren’t usually around it, according to a recent study by the Archives of Otolaryngology. And if something as seemingly unrelated as second-hand smoke contributes to hearing loss in kids, what else can erode a child’s hearing? Brian Fligor, ScD, director of Diagnostic Audiology at Children’s Hospital Boston, says everyday things that seem harmless are actually degrading our hearing without us realizing it. “Unfortunately, hearing loss is something that affects a lot of people, but it’s also something we can’t see,” he says. “It’s kind of a sinister thing.” Fligor explains that “overworking” the ears can lead to hearing loss; and that overworking...

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Mumps outbreak at Univ. Calif., Berkeley

Health News - UPI.com — Thu, 06 Oct 2011 03:19:58 +0100

BERKELEY, Calif., Oct. 5 (UPI) -- Free vaccinations are available at the campuses of the University of California, Berkeley, after several students came down with mumps, campus officials say. (Source: Health News - UPI.com)

Do European doctors support measles, mumps, rubella vaccination programmes enough?

Euro Surveill — Wed, 05 Oct 2011 19:45:03 +0100

Authors: Lopalco P, Sprenger M PMID: 21968421 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Euro Surveill)

Assessment of serological evidence for mumps virus infection in vaccinated children.

Vaccine — Wed, 05 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Dittrich S, Hahné S, van Lier A, Kohl R, Boot H, Koopmans M, van Binnendijk R Abstract It is estimated that at least one-third of mumps virus infections in non-vaccinated individuals are asymptomatic. Little information is available whether this proportion is the same among those vaccinated. We validated a commercial oral fluid mumps IgG-specific Enzyme Immunoassays (EIA) with vaccinated control groups to identify symptomatic and asymptomatic mumps virus infections in vaccinated individuals during a mumps outbreak in The Netherlands. A vaccinated control group was required to define a new cutoff value for the assay, because of the presence of low but significant levels of IgG antibodies in oral fluid as a result of mumps vaccination in the past. With a new cutoff, calcula...

Mumps virus diagnosis and genotyping using a novel single RT-PCR

Journal of Clinical Virology — Wed, 05 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The technique described could be a very useful tool for mumps surveillance, management and control. (Source: Journal of Clinical Virology)

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Mumps Outbreak in California

About.com Pediatrics — Tue, 04 Oct 2011 16:17:48 +0100

There is a report of a mumps outbreak on the campus of Berkeley in California, with two confirmed cases and another suspected case of the vaccine preventable disease. Although we have been hearing a lot more about the measles outbreaks lately, there have actually been two very large mumps outbreaks fairly recently:...Read Full Post (Source: About.com Pediatrics)

Improving MMR vaccination rates: herd immunity is a realistic goal

BMJ Online First — Tue, 04 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Problem As measles is a highly infectious disease, the United Kingdom recommendation is for at least 95% of children to receive a first vaccination with the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine... (Source: BMJ Online First)

The vaccine-autism connection: a public health crisis caused by unethical medical practices and fraudulent science.

The Annals of Pharmacotherapy — Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Flaherty DK Abstract In 1998, Dr. Andrew Wakefield, a British gastroenterologist, described a new autism phenotype called the regressive autism-enterocolitis syndrome triggered by environmental factors such as measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccination. The speculative vaccination-autism connection decreased parental confidence in public health vaccination programs and created a public health crisis in England and questions about vaccine safety in North America. After 10 years of controversy and investigation, Dr. Wakefield was found guilty of ethical, medical, and scientific misconduct in the publication of the autism paper. Additional studies showed that the data presented were fraudulent. The alleged autism-vaccine connection is, perhaps, the most damaging medical ho...

Numbers receiving MMR jab equal to 1990s

Nursing Times Breaking News — Thu, 29 Sep 2011 10:09:00 +0100

The combined measles, mumps and rubella vaccination is being administered to an increasing number of children in England, official figures show. (Source: Nursing Times Breaking News)

Do European doctors support measles, mumps, rubella vaccination programmes enough?

Eurosurveillance latest news — Thu, 29 Sep 2011 00:00:00 +0100

(Source: Eurosurveillance latest news)

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NHS immunisation statistics for England for 2010-11 published

NeLM - News — Wed, 28 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Source: NHS Information Centre Area: News NHS Networks has published immunisation statistics for England for the period 2010-2011. The following key results have been identified (taken directly from source): . Reported coverage figures for all routine childhood vaccinations reported through the Cover of Vaccination Evaluated Rapidly (COVER) programme in 2010-11 showed an increase at national level. Most regions also reported increases in coverage for routine childhood vaccinations. Although London reported increases, coverage figures for this Strategic Health Authority (SHA) remain lower than for other regions. . For children reaching their second birthday, coverage of Diphtheria, Tetanus, Polio, Pertussis and Haemophilus influenzae type b (DTaP/IPV/Hib) in 2010-11 wa...

Measles-Mumps-Rubella Revaccination; 18 Months vs. 4-6 Years of Age: Potential Impacts of Schedule Changes

Journal of Tropical Pediatrics — Wed, 28 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: This study showed that the majority of younger children were susceptible to MMR infection before revaccination. Earlier age policy provides more protection against MMR in preschool-aged children. Rubella strain seems to be less potent than reported. (Source: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics)

Antibody persistence for 3 years following two doses of tetravalent measles–mumps–rubella–varicella vaccine in healthy children

European Journal of Pediatrics — Tue, 20 Sep 2011 15:46:10 +0100

Conclusion: Immunogenicity of the combined MMRV vaccine was sustained 3 years post-vaccination. (208136/041/NCT00406211). Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperPages 1-8DOI 10.1007/s00431-011-1569-4Authors Markus Knuf, Children’s Department of Pediatrics, University Medicine Hospital, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55101 Mainz, GermanyFred Zepp, Children’s Department of Pediatrics, University Medicine Hospital, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55101 Mainz, GermanyKlaus Helm, Pediatric Office, Detmold, GermanyHartwig Maurer, Pediatric Office, Salzburg, AustriaAlbrecht Prieler, Pediatric Office, Salzburg, AustriaDorothee Kieninger-Baum, Children’s Department of Pediatrics, University Medicine Hospital, Johannes Gutenberg-...

Office Immunization

Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice — Mon, 19 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

This article discusses the currently available vaccines along with recommendations for their use. (Source: Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice)

Families prepare to sue law firm over handling of cases against MMR vaccine manufacturers

BMJ Online First — Wed, 14 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Families who claim that their children developed encephalitis from an early type of measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine but that their cases were wrongly lumped together with more than 1000... (Source: BMJ Online First)

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The Vaccine-Autism Connection: A Public Health Crisis Caused by Unethical Medical Practices and Fraudulent Science (October).

The Annals of Pharmacotherapy — Tue, 13 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

PROQUAD (Measles, Mumps, Rubella And Varicella Virus Vaccine Live) Injection, Powder, Lyophilized, For Suspension [Merck Sharp Dohme Corp.]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Fri, 09 Sep 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Sep 9, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Motor improvement with bilateral subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation in a patient with levodopa-responsive secondary parkinsonism

Parkinsonism and Related Disorders — Fri, 09 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

We present the case of a woman with secondary parkinsonism that developed following a Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) vaccination, who experienced sustained improvement in motor function following STN DBS. Despite the diagnosis of a secondary parkinsonism, this patient responded well to dopaminergic therapy, a good predictor of DBS outcome in patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease. This case suggests that DBS may be considered in the setting of secondary parkinsonism if such patients have levodopa-responsive symptoms. (Source: Parkinsonism and Related Disorders)

Notes from the field: measles outbreak --- indiana, june--july 2011.

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... — Fri, 02 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Abstract On June 20, 2011, an emergency department (ED) physician reported five epidemiologically linked measles cases to the Indiana State Department of Health. The subsequent investigation identified a total of 14 confirmed cases in northeast Indiana. Of these, 10 were laboratory-confirmed, and four were among household contacts of persons with laboratory-confirmed measles. Of the 14 patients, 13 were unvaccinated persons in the same extended family. The nonfamily member was a child aged 23 months who had received 1 dose of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine 4 months before illness onset. Four of the 14 patients were males; median age was 11.5 years (range: 15 months--27 years). One patient was a woman in week 32 of pregnancy who was hospitalized for acute pneumonitis...

National and state vaccination coverage among children aged 19--35 months --- United States, 2010.

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... — Fri, 02 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

This report describes the 2010 NIS coverage estimates for children born during January 2007--July 2009. Nationally, vaccination coverage increased in 2010 compared with 2009 for ≥1 dose of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine (MMR), from 90.0% to 91.5%; ≥4 doses of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV), from 80.4% to 83.3%; the birth dose of hepatitis B vaccine (HepB), from 60.8% to 64.1%; ≥2 doses of hepatitis A vaccine (HepA), from 46.6% to 49.7%; rotavirus vaccine, from 43.9% to 59.2%; and the full series of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine, from 54.8% to 66.8%. Coverage for poliovirus vaccine (93.3%), MMR (91.5%), ≥3 doses HepB (91.8%), and varicella vaccine (90.4%) continued to be at or above the national health objective targets of 90% for these vaccines.* The percen...

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National survey shows more young children getting vaccines

Reuters: Health — Thu, 01 Sep 2011 19:19:47 +0100

ATLANTA (Reuters) - Despite some public concerns about vaccine safety, more young children are getting immunized in the United States for preventable diseases such as measles, mumps, rubella and hepatitis A, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported on Thursday. (Source: Reuters: Health)

National Survey Shows More Young Children Getting Vaccines

MedlinePlus Health News — Thu, 01 Sep 2011 18:19:47 +0100

Despite some public concerns about vaccine safety, more young children are getting immunized in the United States for preventable diseases such as measles, mumps, rubella and hepatitis A, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported on Thursday.Source: Reuters Health Related MedlinePlus Pages: Childhood Immunization, Health Statistics (Source: MedlinePlus Health News)

A point-of-care test for measles diagnosis: detection of measles-specific IgM antibodies and viral nucleic acid.

Bulletin of the World Health Organization — Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: The POCT has the sensitivity and specificity required of a field-based test for measles diagnosis. However, its role in global measles control programmes requires further evaluation. PMID: 21897488 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Bulletin of the World Health Organization)

Immune response to second dose of MMR vaccine in Indian children.

The Indian Journal of Medical Research — Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Gomber S, Arora SK, Das S, Ramachandran VG Abstract Background & objectives : MMR vaccine in a two dose schedule has successfully eliminated measles, mumps and rubella from many developed countries. In India, it is not a part of national immunization programme but is included in the State immunization programme of Delhi as a single dose between 15-18 months. This prospective study was carried out to assess the extent of seroprotection against these three diseases in immunized children and to study the immune response to a second dose of MMR. Methods : Consecutive children aged 4-6 yr, attending the immunization clinic of a tertiary care hospital in Delhi for routine DT vaccination, were enrolled. Second dose of MMR was given and pre- and post-vaccination antibody level...

Mumps in prison: description of an outbreak in Manitoba, Canada.

Canadian Journal of Public Health — Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: An outbreak of mumps in a correctional setting was successfully contained via implementation and tailoring of basic infection control measures, and vaccination of inmates and staff. Given the relatively young age of many inmates and the parallels between prisons and dormitories, it could be argued that inmates may represent another group of individuals for whom a second dose of mumps vaccine (if not received in childhood) would be beneficial as primary prophylaxis. PMID: 22032098 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Canadian Journal of Public Health)

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Survey shows more young children getting vaccines

Modern Medicine — Wed, 31 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Prevention of Varicella: Update of Recommendations for Use of Quadrivalent and Monovalent Varicella Vaccines in Children

PEDIATRICS — Wed, 31 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Two varicella-containing vaccines are licensed for use in the United States: monovalent varicella vaccine (Varivax [Merck & Co, Inc, West Point, PA]) and quadrivalent measles-mumps-rubella-varicella vaccine (MMRV) (ProQuad [Merck & Co, Inc]). It is estimated from postlicensure data that after vaccination at 12 through 23 months of age, 7 to 9 febrile seizures occur per 10 000 children who receive the MMRV, and 3 to 4 febrile seizures occur per 10 000 children who receive the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) and varicella vaccines administered concurrently but at separate sites. Thus, 1 additional febrile seizure is expected to occur per approximately 2300 to 2600 children 12 to 23 months old vaccinated with the MMRV, when compared with separate MMR and varicella vaccine administration. ...

[Measles and pregnancy.]

Presse Medicale — Mon, 29 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Anselem O, Tsatsaris V, Lopez E, Krivine A, Le Ray C, Loulergue P, Floret D, Goffinet F, Launay O Abstract Because of insufficient vaccine coverage, there is an outbreak of measles since 2008 in France with an increasing incidence of cases, most of them among children less than 1 year old or young adults. When measles occurs during pregnancy, maternal and fetal morbidity is increased. Particularly pregnant women are exposed to a higher risk of severe respiratory distress that might cause death. Measles virus can be detected in the placenta. Placental infection appears to be involved in some cases of fetal death. The virus is not responsible for congenital defects but can induce histologic damages inside the placenta which may lead to fetal death. Major perinatal risks are ...

Vaccination in paediatric patients with auto-immune rheumatic diseases: A systemic literature review for the European League against Rheumatism evidence-based recommendations.

Autoimmunity Reviews — Sun, 28 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Data on safety and efficacy of vaccinations in paediatric patients with rheumatic diseases is reassuring, but too limited to draw definite conclusions. More research is needed on the safety and efficacy of especially live-attenuated vaccines in patients with rheumatic and autoinflammatory diseases using high dose immunosuppressive drugs. PMID: 21896342 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Autoimmunity Reviews)

Measles mumps and rubella virus vaccine: Anaphylaxis in paediatric patients with egg and milk allergies: 3 case reports

Reactions — Sat, 27 Aug 2011 15:26:04 +0100

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Vaccine Cleared Again as Autism Culprit

NYT Health — Thu, 25 Aug 2011 22:42:26 +0100

A report by the Institute of Medicine found that the chickenpox vaccine can cause illness many years later, but that there is no evidence that the vaccine against measles, mumps and rubella causes autism. (Source: NYT Health)

Few Adverse Events Linked to Vaccines, IOM Panel SaysFew Adverse Events Linked to Vaccines, IOM Panel Says

Medscape Today Headlines — Thu, 25 Aug 2011 18:30:14 +0100

The expert committee also reported that scientific evidence favors rejecting a causal relationship between autism and the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine. Medscape Medical News (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

Straight Talk about Vaccination

Scientific American Topic - Medical Technology — Wed, 24 Aug 2011 14:00:00 +0100

Last year 10 children died in California in the worst whooping cough outbreak to sweep the state since 1947. In the first six months of 2011, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recorded 10 measles outbreaks--the largest of which (21 cases) occurred in a Minnesota county, where many children were unvaccinated because of parental concerns about the safety of the standard MMR vaccine against measles, mumps and rubella. At least seven infants in the county who were too young to receive the MMR vaccine were infected.These troubling statistics show that the failure to vaccinate children endangers both the health of children themselves as well as others who would not be exposed to preventable illness if the community as a whole were better protected. Equally troubling, the number of d...

The role of schools in the spread of mumps among unvaccinated children: A retrospective cohort study

BMC Infectious Diseases — Tue, 23 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Background: In the Netherlands, epidemics of vaccine preventable diseases are largely confined to an orthodox protestant minority with religious objections to vaccination. The clustering of unvaccinated children in orthodox protestant schools can foster the spread of epidemics. School closure has nevertheless not been practiced up until now. A mumps epidemic in 2007-2008 gave us an opportunity to study the role of schools in the spread of a vaccine preventable disease in a village with low vaccination coverage. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted among the students in four elementary schools and their siblings. The following information was collected for each child: having had the mumps or not and when, school, age, MMR vaccination status, household size, presence of high s...

If there are no randomised controlled trials, do we always need more research?

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews — Sat, 20 Aug 2011 17:00:05 +0100

The objective of the effectiveness part of the review is: "To review the existing evidence on the absolute effectiveness of MMR vaccine in children (by the effect of the vaccine on the incidence of clinical cases of measles, mumps and rubella)."The inclusion criteria are: "Vaccination with any combined MMR vaccine given independently, in any dose, preparation or time schedule compared with do-nothing or placebo."The primary outcome is: "Clinical cases: measles, mumps or rubella." By using this outcome the authors exclude studies that assess antibody response to the vaccine as a measure of vaccine effectiveness. The question of whether or not antibody response is a good indicator of immunity (and if there is any reason to doubt the practice of measuring antibody response in vaccine studies)...

Ont. encourages vaccine against mumps, measles

CTV Health — Thu, 04 Aug 2011 12:39:14 +0100

Ontario's chief medical officer says recent cases of mumps and measles should serve as reminders for everyone to get their vaccine shots. (Source: CTV Health)

10-minute consultation: Measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination in a child with suspected egg allergy

NeLM - News — Wed, 03 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

This article forms part of a series of occasional articles on common problems in primary care. The current article focuses on measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccination in a child with suspected egg allergy. (Source: NeLM - News)

Measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination in a child with suspected egg allergy

BMJ Online First — Tue, 02 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

A mother presents with her 12 month old son requesting testing for an egg allergy before the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccination; his older sister has a severe egg allergy.What you should... (Source: BMJ Online First)

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Protection of medical and paramedical university students in Lebanon against measles, mumps, rubella and varicella: Active measures are needed

Journal of Infection and Public Health — Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Since, in this population, very few individuals were able to present a proof of adequate vaccination, it is recommended to systematically vaccinate healthcare students in Lebanon against MMR. For varicella, selective vaccination after serological testing should be performed. (Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health)

Practical Traveler: Planning a Vac(cin)ation

NYT Health — Wed, 27 Jul 2011 19:05:21 +0100

Immunization for travelers is becoming increasingly important, whether you are going to an exotic destination or not. (Source: NYT Health)

Measles mumps and rubella virus vaccine: Lack of efficacy leading to subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: case report

Reactions — Wed, 20 Jul 2011 16:58:58 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

Murdoch's media malpractice and the genetic altering of human beings through DNA vaccines

NaturalNews.com — Wed, 20 Jul 2011 07:00:00 +0100

(NaturalNews) Rupert Murdoch's media empire News Corp., which represents the second largest media conglomerate in the world behind the Walt Disney Company, is taking a severe beating as Murdoch himself is having to address various criminal allegations, including that his News of the World tabloid illegally hacked private phone lines and committed various other crimes (http://www.naturalnews.com/033034_News_of_the_World_scandal.html).But Murdoch's media malpractice runs even deeper as his strong connections to the pharmaceutical industry also fueled his media machine's fabrication of lies against Dr. Andrew Wakefield, as well as hid from the public the true dangers of DNA vaccines that permanently corrupt human genes and cause autism.Murdoch has built quite a reputation for himself as a sco...

Return of the Mumps

Daily Express - Health — Mon, 04 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

BRITAIN could be heading towards a mumps crisis. Cases have soared in recent years just as the company that produces the only vaccine has annnounced it will no longer make the jab. Latest figures from the Health Protection Agency (HPA) show there were 2,857 confirmed cases of mumps in England and Wales last year and 7,628 the year before. (Source: Daily Express - Health)

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Randomised cluster trial to support informed parental decision-making for the MMR vaccine

BMC Public Health - Latest articles — Wed, 15 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Background: In the UK public concern about the safety of the combined measles, mumps and rubella [MMR] vaccine continues to impact on MMR coverage. Whilst the sharp decline in uptake has begun to level out, first and second dose uptake rates remain short of that required for population immunity. Furthermore, international research consistently shows that some parents lack confidence in making a decision about MMR vaccination for their children. Together, this work suggests that effective interventions are required to support parents to make informed decisions about MMR.This trial assessed the impact of a parent-centred, multi-component intervention (balanced information, group discussion, coaching exercise) on informed parental decision-making for MMR. Methods: This was a two arm, cluster ...

Rescue of wild-type mumps virus from a strain associated with recent outbreaks helps to define the role of the SH ORF in the pathogenesis of mumps virus.

Virology — Sun, 12 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Xu P, Li Z, Sun D, Lin Y, Wu J, Rota PA, He B Mumps virus (MuV) causes acute infections in humans. In recent years, MuV has caused epidemics among highly vaccinated populations. The largest outbreak in the U.S. in the past 20years occurred in 2005-2006 with over 5000 reported cases in which the majority of the cases was in vaccinated young adults. We sequenced the complete genome of a representative strain from the epidemic (MuV-IA). MuV-IA is a member of genotype G, the same genotype of MuV that was associated with the outbreak in the UK in 2004-2005. We constructed a reverse genetics system for MuV-IA (rMuV-IA), and rescued a virus lacking the open reading frame (ORF) of the SH gene (rMuV∆SH). rMuV∆SH infection in L929 cells induced increased NF-κB activation, TNF-α pr...

Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta: A rare association with the measles, mumps and rubella vaccine

Australasian Journal of Dermatology — Sat, 11 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

We report the second case of PL et varioliformis acuta (PLEVA) occurring after measles vaccination and the first following the combined measles, mumps, rubella vaccination. (Source: Australasian Journal of Dermatology)

When Parents Don't Vaccinate, I Take It Personally

Psychology Today Parenting Center — Thu, 09 Jun 2011 01:21:24 +0100

The fact is, when people tell me that they decided not to vaccinate their children, I am taking it personally. Here is why. read more (Source: Psychology Today Parenting Center)

Adult Immunizations: Update on Recommendations

The American Journal of Medicine — Tue, 07 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Abstract: The Advisory Committee for Immunization Practices recommends universal influenza vaccination for 2010-2011. Older adults should be offered protection against herpes zoster, and younger adults should receive immunization against human papilloma virus and pertussis. Hepatitis B vaccination should be encouraged in non-immune adults. Recommendations also address vaccinations for tetanus/diphtheria, hepatitis A, pneumococcus, measles/mumps/rubella, and meningococcus. (Source: The American Journal of Medicine)

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Mumps exposure of a health care provider working in a neonatal intensive care unit leads to a hospital-wide effort that prevented an outbreak

American Journal of Infection Control — Mon, 06 Jun 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Infection control efforts, including vaccinating susceptible HCPs and instituting droplet precautions, might have prevented mumps infection in the NICU patients. (Source: American Journal of Infection Control)

Vaccination coverage among children in kindergarten --- United States, 2009--10 school year.

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... — Thu, 02 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

This report summarizes data from school assessment surveys submitted to CDC by 48 federal immunization program grantees (including 47 states and the District of Columbia) for the 2009--10 school year to describe vaccination coverage and exemption rates (2). For that period, 17 grantees reported coverage of ?95% for four vaccines (poliovirus, DTP/DTaP/DT, MMR, and HepB) and four grantees reported coverage of ≥95% for 2 doses of varicella vaccine. Total exemption rates, including medical, religious, and philosophical exemptions, ranged from <1% to 6.2% across grantees, and 15 grantees reported exemption rates <1%. Survey methods for vaccination coverage and exemption rates varied among grantees, making comparisons difficult and limiting the use of school assessment surveys to report ...

SLAM and DC-SIGN measles receptor polymorphisms and their impact on antibody and cytokine responses to measles vaccine.

Vaccine — Thu, 02 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that DC-SIGN -139C/T, -336C/T and -871C/T polymorphisms may modulate cytokine (but not antibody) responses to the measles component of MMR vaccine. Furthermore, contrasting previous studies, SLAM polymorphisms do not appear to affect measles antibody or cytokine responses in this cohort. PMID: 21645571 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine)

Mutual interference on the immune response to yellow fever vaccine and a combined vaccine against measles, mumps and rubella.

Vaccine — Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Nascimento Silva JR, Camacho LA, Siqueira MM, Freire MD, Castro YP, Maia MD, Yamamura AM, Martins RM, Leal MD, A randomized trial was conducted to assess the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of yellow fever vaccines (YFV) given either simultaneously in separate injections, or 30 days or more after a combined measles-rubella-mumps (MRM) vaccine. Volunteers were also randomized to YFV produced from 17DD and WHO-17D-213 substrains. The study group comprised 1769 healthy 12-month-old children brought to health care centers in Brasilia for routine vaccination. The reactogenicity was of the type and frequency expected for the vaccines and no severe adverse event was associated to either vaccine. Seroconversion and seropositivity 30 days or more after vaccination against yellow fev...

MMR vaccinations: which places have the best and worst rates?

Guardian Unlimited Science — Fri, 27 May 2011 15:15:51 +0100

With MMR vaccinations down, and measles cases up, what's happening across England?• Get the dataMMR vaccinations are down and now new data shows that more than 330 cases of measles have been reported in the first three months of 2011 – nearly as many as the whole of last year.Vaccines and immunisation generally have become a hot topic, following the Andrew Wakefield controversy over the safety of MMR (Measles, Mumps & Rubella) vaccine. Perhaps as a result of the furore, in some areas less than a third of children are vaccinated by the time of their fifth birthday.Data from the Health Protection Agency (HPA) reveals 334 confirmed cases of measles to the end of April in England and Wales, compared with 33 cases for the same period last year, and 374 in all of 2010.The numbers are still q...

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Congenital rubella syndrome and autism spectrum disorder prevented by rubella vaccination - United States, 2001-2010

BMC Public Health - Latest articles — Wed, 18 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: We estimate that rubella vaccination prevented substantial numbers of CRS and ASD cases in the United States from 2001 through 2010. These findings provide additional incentive to maintain high measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination coverage. (Source: BMC Public Health - Latest articles)

Two doses of mumps "MMR" vaccine better than one

Reuters: Health — Wed, 18 May 2011 17:14:57 +0100

NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - A recent outbreak of mumps in Canada underscores the importance of getting the recommended two doses of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine, researchers reported Monday. (Source: Reuters: Health)

Two doses of mumps vaccine needed

Health News - UPI.com — Wed, 18 May 2011 03:52:31 +0100

TORONTO, May 17 (UPI) -- Two doses of mumps vaccine may be needed -- especially for older adolescents and young adults -- to protect from the disease, researchers in Canada advise. (Source: Health News - UPI.com)

Two doses of mumps MMR vaccine better than one: study

Reuters: Health — Wed, 18 May 2011 02:48:09 +0100

NEW YORK (Reuters Life!) - A recent outbreak of mumps in Canada underscores the importance of getting the recommended two doses of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine and not just one, according to a study. (Source: Reuters: Health)

Two doses of mumps MMR vaccine better than one

NeLM - News — Tue, 17 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Source: CMAJ Area: News According to research published early online in the Canadian Medical Association Journal, two doses of the MMR vaccine are better than one. This analysis was done to assess vaccine effectiveness of one and two doses of the measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine during an outbreak of mumps in Ontario. Information on confirmed cases of mumps was retrieved from Ontario's integrated Public Health Information System, and cases that occurred between Sept. 1, 2009, and June 10, 2010, were included. A total of 134 confirmed cases of mumps were identified, and information on receipt of MMR vaccine was available for 114 (85.1%) cases. Of these, 63 (55.3%) reported having received only one dose of vaccine, and 32 (28.1%) reported having received two d...

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Two doses of mumps "MMR" vaccine better than one

Reuters: Health — Tue, 17 May 2011 19:48:04 +0100

Two doses of mumps 'MMR' vaccine better than one

Reuters: Health — Tue, 17 May 2011 18:25:33 +0100

Young adults may need mumps booster vaccine

CTV Health — Tue, 17 May 2011 11:11:47 +0100

Doctors are questioning whether the standard early-childhood, two-dose inoculation for measles, mumps and rubella, known as the MMR vaccine, is enough to provide lasting immunity against the virus. (Source: CTV Health)

Two-Dose Vaccine Coverage Needed to Reduce Mumps Outbreaks

Medscape Today Headlines — Mon, 16 May 2011 16:10:29 +0100

During an outbreak in Canada, vaccine effectiveness of 1 dose of the MMR vaccine ranged from 49.2% to 81.6%, whereas vaccine effectiveness of 2 doses ranged from 66.3% to 88.0%. Medscape Medical News (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

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Two-dose Vaccine Coverage Necessary To Reduce Mumps Outbreaks; Vaccine Programs Need Continuous Evaluation

Health News from Medical News Today — Mon, 16 May 2011 16:00:00 +0100

An analysis of a recent mumps outbreak in Ontario, Canada, indicates that two doses of mumps vaccine are more effective than one and further reveals the importance of ensuring people, especially older adolescents and young adults, are up to date on their mumps vaccinations. The administration of the second dose at a later age could have an impact on outbreaks, states an article in CMAJ (Canadian Medical Association Journal)... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Doctors advised to be on alert for vaccine-preventable diseases

American Medical News - HEALTH — Mon, 16 May 2011 12:00:00 +0100

Experts suggest learning the symptoms of measles, mumps, pertussis and other illnesses and developing plans to minimize their transmission. (Source: American Medical News - HEALTH)

Two-dose vaccine coverage necessary to reduce mumps outbreaks

EurekAlert! - Infectious and Emerging Diseases — Mon, 16 May 2011 04:00:00 +0100

(Canadian Medical Association Journal) An analysis of a recent mumps outbreak in Ontario, Canada, indicates that two doses of mumps vaccine are more effective than one and further reveals the importance of ensuring people, especially older adolescents and young adults, are up to date on their mumps vaccinations. The administration of the second dose at a later age could have an impact on outbreaks, states an article in CMAJ (Canadian Medical Association Journal). (Source: EurekAlert! - Infectious and Emerging Diseases)

An assessment of mumps vaccine effectiveness by dose during an outbreak in Canada.

cmaj — Sun, 15 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Deeks SL, Lim GH, Simpson MA, Gagné L, Gubbay J, Kristjanson E, Fung C, Crowcroft NS Background This investigation was done to assess vaccine effectiveness of one and two doses of the measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine during an outbreak of mumps in Ontario. The level of coverage required to reach herd immunity and interrupt community transmission of mumps was also estimated. Methods Information on confirmed cases of mumps was retrieved from Ontario's integrated Public Health Information System. Cases that occurred between Sept. 1, 2009, and June 10, 2010, were included. Selected health units supplied coverage data from the Ontario Immunization Record Information System. Vaccine effectiveness by dose was calculated using the screening method. The basic reproductive numb...

Modulation of apoptosis by V protein mumps virus

Virology Journal — Thu, 12 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The reduction in the levels of caspases and DNA fragmentation, suggesting that V protein, particularly VWT protein of Urabe AM9 vaccine strain, modulates apoptosis. In addition, the VWT protein shows a protective role for cell proliferation in the presence of antiproliferative signals. (Source: Virology Journal)

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Measles mumps and rubella virus vaccine: Febrile rash in an infant: case report

Reactions — Wed, 11 May 2011 17:13:45 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

What Is Mumps? What Causes Mumps?

Health News from Medical News Today — Fri, 06 May 2011 07:00:00 +0100

Mumps is a viral infection that usually affects children and is extremely contagious. The condition has a number of symptoms but its most common one is swelling of one or both of the salivary glands on the sides of the face. These glands are called the parotid glands and when they swell the patient develops a "hamster like" face. When a person has had mumps previously they usually become immune to future infections. Nowadays there is the MMR vaccine which is given at an early age to help the body become immune to the virus... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Vaccination during pregnancy.

Canadian Family Physician Medecin de Famille Canadien — Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Bozzo P, Narducci A, Einarson A Question One of my patients is studying to become a dental hygienist. Owing to the program requirements, she received several vaccinations last week, including measles-mumps-rubella, varicella, and hepatitis B (HB) vaccines, as well as a tetanus booster. However, today a blood test confirmed that she is currently 6 weeks pregnant. What is known about the safety of these vaccines during pregnancy, and are there any general recommendations for vaccines for women who are planning to become pregnant or who are currently pregnant? Answer The combination measles-mumps-rubella vaccine and the varicella vaccine are live attenuated vaccines, and are contraindicated during pregnancy owing to theoretical concerns. However, there is no evidence that there a...

Detection of platelet-binding anti-measles and anti-rubella virus IgG antibodies in infants with vaccine-induced thrombocytopenic purpura.

Vaccine — Fri, 29 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Okazaki N, Takeguchi M, Sonoda K, Handa Y, Kakiuchi T, Miyahara H, Akiyoshi K, Korematsu S, Suenobu S, Izumi T A 15-month-old infant presented with thrombocytopenic purpura after sequential administration of measles-rubella combined vaccine, varicella vaccine and mumps vaccine every 4 weeks. Her thrombocytopenia persisted for more than 12 months. Both anti-measles and anti-rubella virus IgG antibodies were detected in the patient's-isolated platelets on day 154 of illness, which were not detected when there was a reduction of the serum IgG antibody titers on days 298 and 373 of illness, respectively.We also detected the isolated platelet-binding anti-measles and anti-rubella virus IgG antibodies in two other pediatric patients. This is the first report demonstrating direct evi...

A large observational study to concurrently assess persistence of measles specific B-cell and T-cell immunity in individuals following two doses of MMR vaccine.

Vaccine — Fri, 29 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, in a large observational study of measles immunity, we used an automated high-throughput measles virus-specific neutralization assay to measure humoral immunity, and concurrently determined measles-specific cellular immunity to aid the assessment of potential susceptibility to measles in vaccinated populations. PMID: 21539880 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine)

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County-level trends in vaccination coverage among children aged 19-35 months - United States, 1995-2008.

MMWR Surveill Summ — Thu, 28 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Smith PJ, Singleton JA, Problem/Condition: Estimated trends in county-level vaccination coverage compared with national health objectives and associated with other variables (e.g., access to care, economic conditions, and demographic characteristics) have not been reported previously. Reporting Period: 1995-2008. Description of System: The National Immunization Survey (NIS) is an ongoing, random-digit-dialed telephone survey that gathers vaccination coverage data from households with children aged 19-35 months in 50 states and selected urban areas and territories. Results: During 1995-2008, 185,336 children aged 19-35 months sampled by NIS had adequate provider data and lived in one of the 257 counties where the combined sample size for at least one of the seven biennial peri...

How Vaccines Can Prevent Serious Diseases

WebMD Health — Thu, 28 Apr 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Vaccines can protect you from serious diseases like measles, mumps, rubella, and meningitis. Immunization facts you should know. (Source: WebMD Health)

A Comparative Study of Immune Status to Infectious Agents in Elderly with Multiple Myeloma, Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia, and Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance.

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology — Tue, 19 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Karlsson J, Andreasson B, Kondori N, Erman E, Riesbeck K, Hogevik H, Wennerås C Whereas patients with multiple myeloma (MM) have a well-documented susceptibility to infections, this has been less studied in other B-cell disorders such as Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (WM) and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). We investigated the humoral immunity to 24 different pathogens in elderly patients with MM (n=25), WM (n=16), MGUS (n=18) and age-matched controls (n=20). Antibody titers against pneumococci, staphylococcal alphatoxin, tetanus and diphtheria toxoids, varicella, mumps and rubella viruses were most depressed in MM patients, next-to-lowest in WM and MGUS patients, and highest in the controls. In contrast, antibodies specific for staphylococcal tei...

No association between early gastrointestinal problems and autistic‐like traits in the general population

Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology — Tue, 12 Apr 2011 20:00:37 +0100

Aim The aim of this study was to determine whether gastrointestinal problems in early childhood relate to autistic‐like traits in a general population sample.Method The parents of 804 children (442 females; 362 males) reported at 1‐, 2‐, 3‐, and 5‐year follow‐ups whether their child had been taken to a hospital, general practitioner, or health clinic for any of five gastrointestinal symptoms: (1) constipation; (2) diarrhoea; (3) abdominal bloating, discomfort, or irritability; (4) gastro‐oesophageal reflux or vomiting; and (5) feeding issues or food selectivity. Parents also reported whether their child had received the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination. Autistic‐like traits were measured when the children had reached early adulthood (mean age 19y 7mo; SD 0.63y)...

Measles imported by returning u.s. Travelers aged 6--23 months, 2001--2011.

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... — Thu, 07 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: In the first 2 months of 2011, CDC received reports of seven imported measles cases among returning U.S. travelers aged 6--23 months; four required hospitalization. Young children are at greater risk for severe measles, death, or sequelae such as subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. Although all seven children had been eligible for vaccination before travel, none had received measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, the only measles-containing vaccine currently available in the United States. To characterize imported measles cases reported in the first 2 months of 2011 in U.S. travelers aged 6--23 months and compare them with cases in recent years, CDC analyzed data from the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS) for the period January 2001--February 2011...

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Vaccination coverage among adolescents and risk factors associated with incomplete immunization

European Journal of Pediatrics — Tue, 05 Apr 2011 10:07:31 +0100

In conclusion, our findings suggest suboptimal vaccination coverage among our sample’s adolescents, mandating that every effort should be made to increase uptake, particularly among the geographically dispersed and the culturally diverse and female adolescents. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-8DOI 10.1007/s00431-011-1456-zAuthors Irine-Ikbale Sakou, Adolescent Health Unit (Α.Η.U.), Second Department of Paediatrics, University of Athens, P. & A. Kyriakou Children’s Hospital, 24, Mesogeion Avenue, Athens, 115 27 GreeceArtemis K. Tsitsika, Adolescent Health Unit (Α.Η.U.), Second Department of Paediatrics, University of Athens, P. & A. Kyriakou Children’s Hospital, 24, Mesogeion Avenue, Athens, 115 27 GreeceVassiliki Papaevangelou, Second Department of Paediatrics, Unive...

M-M-R II (Measles, Mumps, And Rubella Virus Vaccine Live) Injection, Powder, Lyophilized, For Suspension [Physicians Total Care, Inc.]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Mon, 04 Apr 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Apr 4, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Assessment of mumps virus-specific antibodies by different serological assays: which test correlates best with mumps immunity?

European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases — Fri, 01 Apr 2011 05:47:52 +0100

Abstract Mumps is one of the vaccine-preventable childhood diseases and it has not yet been eradicated in Germany. This raises the question as to whether the available mumps vaccines are effective enough to prevent mumps and which antibody test system allows the authentic assigning of mumps-specific immunity. In an attempt to answer this question, we analysed 227 sera samples from medical students of the University Hospital Frankfurt/Main, Germany, using different test systems: indirect immune fluorescence, neutralisation assay, routine ELISA and newly developed immunoassays, which contain the mumps nucleoprotein and the wild-type strain Enders ATCC VR106, respectively. Mumps vaccination coverage of the screened collective amounted to 75.1%, which differs notably from the ...

Mumps complications and effects of mumps vaccination, England and wales, 2002-2006.

Emerging Infectious Diseases — Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Yung CF, Andrews N, Bukasa A, Brown KE, Ramsay M We analyzed data from hospital admissions and enhanced mumps surveillance to assess mumps complications during the largest mumps outbreak in England and Wales, 2004-2005, and their association with mumps vaccination. When compared with nonoutbreak periods, the outbreak was associated with a clear increase in hospitalized patients with orchitis, meningitis, and pancreatitis. Routine mumps surveillance and hospital data showed that 6.1% of estimated mumps patients were hospitalized, 4.4% had orchitis, 0.35% meningitis, and 0.33% pancreatitis. Enhanced surveillance data showed 2.9% of mumps patients were hospitalized, 6.1% had orchitis, 0.3% had meningitis, and 0.25% had pancreatitis. Risk was reduced for hospitalization (odds rati...

Erratum to: Evidence for recombination between vaccine and wild-type mumps virus strains

Archives of Virology — Fri, 25 Mar 2011 18:53:25 +0100

Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-1DOI 10.1007/s00705-011-0981-4Authors Wen Zhang, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, 212013 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu People’s Republic of ChinaWei Liu, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, China Journal Archives of VirologyOnline ISSN 1432-8798Print ISSN 0304-8608 (Source: Archives of Virology)

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Tetravalent meningococcal serogroups A, C, W-135 and Y conjugate vaccine is well tolerated and immunogenic when co-administered with measles-mumps-rubella-varicella vaccine during the second year of life: An open, randomized controlled trial.

Vaccine — Fri, 25 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100

This study has been registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT00474266. PMID: 21443965 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine)

Immunization coverage and timeliness of vaccination in Italian children with chronic diseases.

Vaccine — Fri, 25 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Pandolfi E, Carloni E, Marino MG, Ciofi Degli Atti ML, Gesualdo F, Romano M, Giannattasio A, Guarino A, Carloni R, Borgia P, Volpe E, Perrelli F, Pizzuti R, Tozzi AE Since children with chronic diseases represent a primary target for immunization strategies, it is important that their immunization coverage and timeliness of vaccines is optimal. We performed a study to measure immunization coverage and timeliness of vaccines in children with type 1 diabetes, HIV infection, Down syndrome, cystic fibrosis, and neurological diseases. A total of 275 children aged 6 months-18 years were included in the study. Coverage for diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP), polio (Pol), and hepatitis B (HBV) vaccines approximated 85% at 24 months, while measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) coverage was 62%. ...

Medscape CME Activity | Mumps Complications and Effects of Mumps Vaccination, England and Wales, 2002–2006, C.-F. Yung et al.

Emerging Infectious Diseases Journal — Thu, 24 Mar 2011 03:00:00 +0100

(Source: Emerging Infectious Diseases Journal)

Research Practices Must Be Changed To Minimize Fraud, Deception

Health News from Medical News Today — Wed, 23 Mar 2011 11:00:00 +0100

In 1998, a study linking the measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine to autism in children appeared in a respected medical journal. For a decade, the study grabbed headlines worldwide. Worried parents rejected the life-saving vaccine for their children and those with autistic children agonized that they allowed an injection that caused the condition. But the vaccine-autism research was a fraud. The paper was retracted 12 years later, denounced as an elaborate deception... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Retracted Autism Study Spreads Fear and Preventable Disease

News_Room — Wed, 23 Mar 2011 05:00:00 +0100

A study attempting to link autism to the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine, though ultimately retracted and now alleged to be fraudulent, is lowering immunization rates and increasing the prevalence of vaccine-preventable diseases, explains TMA's Texas Medicine magazine. (Source: News_Room)

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Replacing the measles ten-dose vaccine presentation with the single-dose presentation in Thailand.

Vaccine — Tue, 22 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Lee BY, Assi TM, Rookkapan K, Connor DL, Rajgopal J, Sornsrivichai V, Brown ST, Welling JS, Norman BA, Chen SI, Bailey RR, Wiringa AE, Wateska AR, Jana A, Van Panhuis WG, Burke DS Introduced to minimize open vial wastage, single-dose vaccine vials require more storage space and therefore may affect vaccine supply chains (i.e., the series of steps and processes entailed to deliver vaccines from manufacturers to patients). We developed a computational model of Thailand's Trang province vaccine supply chain to analyze the effects of switching from a ten-dose measles vaccine presentation to each of the following: a single-dose Measles-Mumps-Rubella vaccine (which Thailand is currently considering) and a single-dose measles vaccine. While the Trang province vaccine supply chain wou...

Student vaccination requirements of u.s. Health professional schools: a survey.

Annals of Internal Medicine — Tue, 15 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: The majority of schools now require most ACIP-recommended vaccines for students. Medical and nursing schools should adopt policies on student vaccination and serologic testing that conform to ACIP recommendations and should encourage annual influenza vaccination by offering influenza vaccination to students at no cost. Primary Funding Source: None. PMID: 21403075 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Annals of Internal Medicine)

Vaccines, Immunity, Whooping Cough, and Mumps

Biosecurity and Bioterrorism: Biodefense Strategy, Practice, and Science — Fri, 11 Mar 2011 18:10:56 +0100

Biosecurity and Bioterrorism: Biodefense Strategy, Practice, and Science Mar 2011, Vol. 9, No. 1: 9-11. (Source: Biosecurity and Bioterrorism: Biodefense Strategy, Practice, and Science)

Probiotics and the immunological response to infant vaccinations: a prospective, placebo controlled pilot study

Archives of Disease in Childhood — Fri, 11 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Oral probiotics given to infants during the period of immunisation do not interfere with the immune response to mumps, measles, rubella and varicella vaccine, and may improve seroconversion rates. (Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood)

Update on Available Vaccines in India: Report of the APPA VU 2010: I

Indian Journal of Pediatrics — Fri, 04 Mar 2011 11:05:32 +0100

Abstract The Asia Pacific Pediatric Association Vaccinology Update 2010 was held in Mumbai on November 13–14, 2010 to discuss the latest information on burden of infectious diseases, recent developments in vaccines and their impact on immunization practices against infectious diseases occurring in Indian children. During the conference the importance of including conjugate Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine and anti-rabies vaccines in routine immunization was stressed. Also, the need for giving a second dose of measles mumps rubella vaccine at school entry; and the need for a two-dose varicella vaccine regimen (first dose at 12–15 months of age and a second dose at age 4–6 years) was elucidated. Information related to vaccines which have become available i...

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Inequalities in immunisation and breast feeding in an ethnically diverse urban area: cross-sectional study in Manchester, UK

Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health — Thu, 03 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Discussion Practices that are protective of child health were consistently less likely to be adopted by white mothers living in deprived areas. Methods of health education and service delivery that are designed for the general population are unlikely to be successful in this context, and evidence of effective interventions needs to be established. (Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health)

Adverse Reactions Following Immunization with MMR Vaccine in Children at Selected Provinces of Iran.

Archives of Iranian Medicine — Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100

The objective of this study was to characterize adverse reactions following MMR vaccination in Iran. PMID: 21361714 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Archives of Iranian Medicine)

Blood-borne transmission of the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine virus.

Transfusion — Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Shin SY, Lee SW, Cho YH, Shin YH PMID: 21388395 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Transfusion)

Relationship between parent held child records for immunisations, parental recall and health service.

Ir Med J — Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100

This study investigated the relationship between the PHCR, parental recall and regional Health Service Executive (HSE) records for immunisation uptake. It used the Lifeways cohort study of 1070 singleton children to compare immunisation data from PHCR at one year, parental recall at five years and information from the HSE. When compared to HSE records, full recording of primary immunisations in the PHCR was reported for 695 of 749 (92.8%) children. Parental recall was correct for 520 of 538 (96.7%) children. Of the 307 completed PHCRs, 207 (75.9%) agreed with the HSE records. Agreement between the three sources for primary immunisations was 74-93% but was not statistically significant. Agreement was 91% (p < 0.001) for measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccines between parental recall an...

M-M-R II (Measles, Mumps, And Rubella Virus Vaccine Live) Injection, Powder, Lyophilized, For Suspension [Merck Sharp Dohme Corp.]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Mon, 28 Feb 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Feb 28, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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PROQUAD (Measles, Mumps, Rubella And Varicella Virus Vaccine Live) Injection, Powder, Lyophilized, For Suspension [Merck Sharp Dohme Corp.]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Mon, 28 Feb 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Feb 28, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Vaccination survey in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-sectional study

Rheumatology International — Wed, 16 Feb 2011 07:05:39 +0100

The objective of this study is to evaluate the vaccination status in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients during routine clinical practice, data from a German non-interventional cross-sectional study. In this prospective study, patients with rheumatoid arthritis were interviewed using a standardized questionnaire focusing on vaccination. Available vaccination documents were evaluated, and titers for common vaccination antigens (hepatitis B, rubella, mumps, measles, diphtheria, tetanus) were analyzed with special regard to the underlying treatment and age of patients. A total of 301 RA patients treated with conventional DMARDs alone (cohort I, n = 125), TNF-blocking agents (cohort II, n = 117), or B-cell depletion with rituximab (cohort III, n = 59) have bee...

Huffington Post’s continued belief in autism-vaccine link: Why won’t it go away?

Health Facts and Fears — Mon, 14 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Nearly a year after The Lancet retracted Dr. Andrew Wakefield’s fraudulent study linking the MMR (measles mumps rubella) vaccine with autism, the Huffington Post published an article by David Kirby in which he perpetuates the worries of those who still believe in the debunked theory. (Source: Health Facts and Fears)

The Huffington Post and the ongoing fear that vaccines might cause autism

Scientific American - Official RSS Feed — Fri, 11 Feb 2011 18:58:00 +0100

Almost exactly 13 years ago, Andrew Wakefield addressed a group of reporters in a conference room at London's Royal Free Hospital to discuss a 12-child case study he and some colleagues had written up positing a theoretical connection between the measles-mumps-rubella virus and gut disorders and then between those gut disorders and autism. Before the news conference began, Wakefield and four other experts had agreed that because the paper was so speculative, they'd deliver one overarching message: Further research needed to be done before any conclusions could be drawn, and in the meantime, children should continue to receive the MMR vaccine.As I write in The Panic Virus (Simon & Schuster, 2011), once the tape recorders began to roll, however, Wakefield went dramatically off-script: ...

The Huffington Post and the ongoing fear that vaccines might cause autism

Scientific American Topic - Medical Technology — Fri, 11 Feb 2011 18:58:00 +0100

Fight the Vaccine Myths

Blogged_Arteries — Wed, 09 Feb 2011 06:00:00 +0100

Texas Medicine will report in March that Texas physicians reacted strongly to charges by the British Medical Journal that British physician Andrew Wakefield, MD, falsified data and committed an “elaborate fraud” in his 1998 report that linked the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine to a new syndrome of autism and bowel disease. (Source: Blogged_Arteries)

Rival journal attacks Lancet for publishing Wakefield MMR study

NaturalNews.com — Wed, 02 Feb 2011 07:00:00 +0100

(NaturalNews) Efforts to discredit and destroy the work of Dr. Andrew Wakefield, the man responsible for raising awareness about the dangers of the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) combo vaccine via the study he published in the late 1990s, continue with attacks now coming from rival medical journals. According to MedPage Today, the British Medical Journal (BMJ) recently went after The Lancet for ever publishing Wakefield's work in the first place, even though such work was peer-reviewed and was conducted in a sound, scientific manner.Wakefield's study on the correlation between the MMR combo vaccine and high cases of both gastrointestinal disorders and various autism-related symptoms was never well-received by the medical elite and the drug companies that control them. So over the years,...

Measles mumps and rubella virus vaccine: Encephalitis in paediatric patients: case report

Reactions — Mon, 31 Jan 2011 15:44:00 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

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Caltech's Frances Arnold wins Draper Prize for biofuels-related research

OrlandoSentinel: Medical Research — Mon, 31 Jan 2011 04:33:10 +0100

Childhood immunizations are victims of their own success. The dreadful diseases against which they protect our children are distant memories. We have forgotten polio, or that measles, mumps and rubella — the MMR of vaccine language — could... (Source: OrlandoSentinel: Medical Research)

Vaccine refusal — you call this cautious?

OrlandoSentinel: Medical Research — Mon, 31 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Vaccine refusal -- you call this cautious?

OrlandoSentinel: Medical Research — Mon, 31 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Transplacental transport of IgG antibodies to preterm infants: A review of the literature

Early Human Development — Thu, 27 Jan 2011 23:18:18 +0100

Abstract: Newborn infants, especially preterm infants, have an immature immune system, which is not capable to actively protect against vaccine-preventable infections. Therefore, the newborn is dependent on transplacental transport of Immunoglobulin G (IgG), an active, FcRn receptor mediated process. Fetal IgG rises from approximately 10% of the maternal concentration at 17–22weeks of gestation to 50% at 28–32weeks of gestation. If transplacental acquired IgG is lower in preterm than in term infants, preterm infants are especially at risk for these vaccine-preventable diseases.The aim of this study was to review the transplacental transfer of IgG against vaccine-preventable diseases (measles, rubella, varicella-zoster, mumps, Haemophilus influenza type B, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis...