MedWorm: Polio Vaccine

Angola: Parents Urged to Fight Against Polio

AllAfrica News: Polio — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 13:42:44 +0100

[ANGOP] Kwanhama - Parents were urged on Tuesday in Kwanhama district, southern Cunene province, to take their children to vaccination posts, so as to fight poliomyelitis. (Source: AllAfrica News: Polio)

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Immunogenicity and Tolerability of Recombinant Serogroup B Meningococcal Vaccine Administered With or Without Routine Infant Vaccinations According to Different Immunization Schedules: A Randomized Controlled Trial [Original Contribution]

JAMA — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion A 4CMenB vaccine is immunogenic against reference strains when administered with routine vaccines at 2, 4, and 6 or at 2, 3, and 4 months of age, producing minimal interference with the response to routine infant vaccinations. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00721396 (Source: JAMA)

Vaccination coverage among medical residents in Paris, France

Clinical Microbiology and Infection — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractMedical residents are particularly exposed to the risk of occupational infection. We aimed to determine the vaccination coverage in residents with an anonymous self‐reporting electronic questionnaire. A total of 250 residents entered this survey. Vaccination rates were particularly high for mandatory vaccinations (diphtheria, tetanus, poliomyelitis, hepatitis B virus and tuberculosis). Regarding recommended vaccinations (influenza 45.6%, pertussis 65.2%, measles 62.8%, varicella 62.8%), rates were insufficient to prevent hospital epidemics, but higher than those reported in other healthcare workers. Further immunization programmes should target residents, and not only senior healthcare workers, with a critical role for occupational medicine departments. (Source: Clinical Microbio...

[Articles] Immunogenicity of supplemental doses of poliovirus vaccine for children aged 6–9 months in Moradabad, India: a community-based, randomised controlled trial

The Lancet Infectious Diseases — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 23:05:13 +0100

Supplemental mOPV1 resulted in almost total seroprevalence against poliovirus type 1, which is consistent with recent absence of poliomyelitis cases; whereas seroprevalence against types 2 and 3 was expected for routine vaccination histories. The immunogenicity of IPV produced in India (Panacea) was similar to that of an internationally manufactured IPV (GSK). Intradermal IPV was less immunogenic. (Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases)

[Comment] Inactivated polio vaccine and global polio eradication

The Lancet Infectious Diseases — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 23:05:12 +0100

2012 will mark the 24th year of WHO's Global Poliomyelitis Eradication Initiative. Eradication has proven more difficult than originally envisioned because of geopolitical events, such as war, social disruption, and political indifference; social and cultural issues, such as distrust of poliovirus vaccines and vaccinators; and the unanticipated emergence of virulent vaccine-derived polioviruses in many locations. Few of these obstacles have bewildered the scientific community as much as the low efficacy of the major weapon in the arsenal, trivalent oral polio vaccine (OPV) in regions with dense populations, high birthrates, and poor sanitation resulting from diarrhoea due to enteric pathogens, particularly rotaviruses, and perhaps nutritional deficiencies and other factors. (Source: The La...

Deficiency in immunity to poliovirus type 3: A lurking danger?

BMC Infectious Diseases — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Immunity to PV3 is insufficient in our cohort. Due to increasing globalization and worldwide tourism, the danger of polio-outbreaks is not averted - even not in developed countries, such as Germany. Therefore, vaccination remains necessary. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases)

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Angola: Over 500.000 Children to Get Vaccinated in Huila

AllAfrica News: Polio — Wed, 25 Jan 2012 12:36:40 +0100

ANGOP (Luanda)-Some 596.395 children aged from zero to five years old will be vaccinated during the first national campaign against poliomyelitis, taking place on February 24-26, in Huila Province. (Source: AllAfrica News: Polio)

Nigeria: 'One Child With Polio Makes All Children Unsafe'

AllAfrica News: Polio — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 10:34:26 +0100

Daily Trust (Abuja)-2011 came with mixed results: Cases of wild polio virus resurged; vaccines for immunisation ran out; a scheme for midwives gained impetus; Nigeria began its first-ever use of improved MenAfriVac against CSM. Executive Director and Chief Executive Officer of National Primary Health Care Development Agency (NPHCDA), Dr Ado Muhammad, sheds light on some issues that marked the past year. (Source: AllAfrica News: Polio)

Global Update: India: Full Year Without a Reported Case of Polio

NYT — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 05:41:40 +0100

India has gone a full year without a new polio case, the World Health Organization announced last week. (Source: NYT)

Tanzania: Polio Jabs in Rukwa Surpasses Target

AllAfrica News: Polio — Mon, 16 Jan 2012 11:37:57 +0100

Daily News (Dar es Salaam)-ABOUT 101 per cent of the targeted children under five years of age in Rukwa region were vaccinated against polio in June last year. (Source: AllAfrica News: Polio)

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The Journey Continues: AIBS Moves Forward

AIBS BioScience Editorials — Sun, 15 Jan 2012 08:33:39 +0100

AIBS is at a defining moment. Although the organization's constitution, drafted in 1947, still declares that "the Institute will assist societies, other organizations, and biologists in such matters of common concern as can be dealt with more effectively by united action," 65 years later, the organizational and governance structure of AIBS is different. Those differences will enable AIBS to better adapt to the changing landscape for modern professional societies and to reinforce the vision of AIBS as a "forum for integrating the life sciences," a goal that is evinced by the new tagline above and on the cover of BioScience. The single biggest adjustment is the realization that the primary constituency of AIBS is its member societies and organizations (MSOs). This conclusion was reached aft...

India hits polio milestone, 1 year since last case

CTV Health — Fri, 13 Jan 2012 12:24:58 +0100

The top U.S. health official administered polio vaccination drops to children in New Delhi on Friday as India marked one year since its last case of the crippling disease. (Source: CTV Health)

Analysis: India's polio victory fuels endgame vaccine

Reuters: Health — Thu, 12 Jan 2012 18:42:14 +0100

LONDON (Reuters) - When the clocks strike midnight in New Delhi on January 12, India will mark the first year in history it has recorded no new cases of polio. (Source: Reuters: Health)

Analysis: India's polio victory fuels endgame vaccine talks

Reuters: Health — Thu, 12 Jan 2012 10:06:36 +0100

LONDON (Reuters) - When the clocks strike midnight in New Delhi on January 12, India will mark the first year in history it has recorded no new cases of polio. (Source: Reuters: Health)

Kenya: Five Million Children in Western Get Polio Vaccine

AllAfrica News: Polio — Thu, 12 Jan 2012 05:58:39 +0100

Nairobi Star (Nairobi)-The anti-polio campaign has moved to Northern Kenya after more than five million children were vaccinated in Western Kenya in the last four months. (Source: AllAfrica News: Polio)

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India's polio victory fuels endgame vaccine talks

Modern Medicine — Thu, 12 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

LONDON (Reuters) - When the clocks strike midnight in New Delhi on Jan. 12, India will mark the first year in history it has recorded no new cases of polio. (Source: Modern Medicine)

Battle to eradicate polio reaches critical endgame

New Scientist - Health — Wed, 11 Jan 2012 13:17:41 +0100

The long campaign to eradicate polio will turn on a radical plan to prevent the polio vaccine itself from keeping the disease going (Source: New Scientist - Health)

Two Decades of Experience With the Haemophilus influenzae Serotype b Conjugate Vaccine in the United Kingdom.

Clinical Therapeutics — Wed, 11 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Control of Hib disease is currently the best that has been achieved since the introduction of the routine Hib vaccination almost 20 years ago. PMID: 22244051 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical Therapeutics)

A need for careful evaluation of endotoxin contents in acellular pertussis-based combination vaccines.

Tue, 10 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Kataoka M, Ochiai M, Yamamoto A, Horiuchi Y Abstract Two batches each of diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP) and that combined with inactivated polio vaccine purchased from foreign markets were tested by mouse body weight decreasing (BWD) toxicity test and Limulus amaebocyte lysate (LAL) test. Three out of the four imported vaccine batches showed the levels of BWD toxicity even comparable to that of DT-whole cell pertussis vaccine. BWD toxicity test is based on endotoxin dose-dependent weight loss of mice and has been used for controlling endotoxin in DTaP. Although of the strong BWD toxicity of the imported vaccines, there was no marked difference in LAL test results between the imported vaccines and Japanese DTaP. However, one imported DTaP batch showed...

Schools as potential vaccination venue for vaccines outside regular EPI schedule: results from a school census in Pakistan

BMC Research Notes — Fri, 06 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Health education programs are not part of the regular school curriculum in developing countries including Pakistan. Many schools in the targeted townships participated in immunization activities but they were not carried out regularly. In the wake of low immunization coverage in Pakistan, schools can be used as a potential venue not only for non-EPI vaccines, but for a catch up vaccination of routine vaccines. (Source: BMC Research Notes)

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Measles control in Sub-Saharan Africa: South Africa as a case study.

Vaccine — Fri, 06 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: The heterogeneity in measles vaccination coverage across SA districts challenges the goal of measles elimination in SA and SSA. The reduction in routine immunization coverage associated with the occurrence of SIAs raises the legitimate concern that SIAs may negatively impact health systems' functioning. PMID: 22230581 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine)

[Relationship between precariousness, social coverage, and vaccine coverage: Survey among children consulting in pediatric emergency departments in France.]

Archives de Pediatrie — Wed, 04 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: Poor children living in southern France had significant delays in their routine immunizations, resulting in gaps in their protection. Every medical visit, even those conducted in an emergency ward, should identify children with immunization delays and offer a catch-up schedule if necessary. PMID: 22226013 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Archives de Pediatrie)

Vaccination coverage in Haiti: Results from the 2009 National Survey.

Vaccine — Tue, 03 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Coverage for early-infant vaccines was high; however, most children did not complete their full vaccination series, and many children received vaccinations later than recommended. Efforts to improve the vaccination program should include increasing the frequency of outreach services, training for vaccination staff to minimize missed opportunities, and better communicating the timing of vaccinations to encourage caregivers to bring their children for vaccinations at the recommended age. Efforts to promote the benefits of vaccination and card retention are also needed. PMID: 22227146 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine)

Enterovirus type 71 neutralizing antibodies in the serum of macaque monkeys immunized with EV71 virus-like particles.

Vaccine — Sat, 31 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

In this study, we first tested a potential EV71 vaccine candidate based on virus-like particles (VLP). We vaccinated macaque monkeys to validate the immunogenicity of the VLP vaccine to EV71. We detected the VLP or EV71-specific antibodies, neutralization titers, ELISPOT, and T cell response to find their immune responses to EV71. When the VLP vaccine adjuvanted with alum was given to macaque monkeys, these monkeys developed both specific humoral and cellular immune responses to EV71. Despite lower neutralizing antibodies to EV71 were found in sera of VLP-immunized monkeys than monkeys vaccinated with inactivated EV71, VLP-based vaccine generated a memory immune response to EV71. Hence, VLP-based EV71 vaccine is a potential vaccine against EV71 infection. PMID: 22214888 [PubMed - as su...

Nigeria: UNICEF - Why New Cases of Polio Occur in Jigawa

AllAfrica News: Polio — Fri, 23 Dec 2011 09:08:30 +0100

UNICEF representative in Jigawa state Mrs. Jane Nyazi has blamed the new incidents of polio in the state on the poor commitment by vaccinators in the polio immunization exercise and non-compliance to oral polio vaccines. (Source: AllAfrica News: Polio)

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Drug-induced immune thrombocytopaenia: results from the Berlin Case–Control Surveillance Study

European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology — Tue, 20 Dec 2011 16:46:52 +0100

Conclusions Our study confirms known ITP risks for glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists and sulphonamides and generates signals for several other drugs and vaccines. New onset of ITP should not only direct attention to drugs as possible aetiological agents, but also to vaccines that are known to cause autoimmune phenomena. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Pharmacoepidemiology and PrescriptionPages 1-12DOI 10.1007/s00228-011-1184-3Authors Edeltraut Garbe, Centre of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, GermanyFrank Andersohn, Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economy, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, GermanyElisabeth Bronder, Centre of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, C...

Niger: UNICEF- Saudi Arabia Provides Critical Support for Polio Eradication in State

AllAfrica News: Polio — Sat, 17 Dec 2011 08:53:08 +0100

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has contributed US$1,588,000 to UNICEF Niger to support polio eradication. The funds will purchase Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV) and will allow the Government of Niger and its partners to immunize up to 3.77 million children in 2011. (Source: AllAfrica News: Polio)

South Sudan: Children to Benefit From UN Polio Vaccine Scheme

AllAfrica News: Polio — Fri, 16 Dec 2011 09:34:34 +0100

Hundreds of thousands of children are benefiting from a United Nations-backed polio vaccination campaign in a northern state of South Sudan, the world's newest country. (Source: AllAfrica News: Polio)

Thousands of South Sudanese children to benefit from UN polio vaccine scheme

UN News Centre - Health, Poverty, Food Security — Thu, 15 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Sabin and wild polioviruses from apparently healthy primary school children in northeastern Nigeria

Journal of Medical Virology — Wed, 14 Dec 2011 19:14:22 +0100

AbstractDespite significant success of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) in Nigeria, Afghanistan, India, Pakistan, wild poliovirus still occurs due to persistently high proportions of under and unimmunized children. The study aimed at determining the type of poliovirus often excreted into the environment. Four hundred nine fecal samples collected from apparently healthy school children aged 5–16 years in Borno and Adamawa States, northeastern Nigeria, were tested for poliovirus by tissue culture technique. The isolates were characterized further by intratypic differentiation testing and genetic sequencing. Three wild poliovirus type, 11 Sabin type, combination of Sabin‐types 1 + 2 and 2 + 3 poliovirus, and 22 non‐polio enteroviruses were obtained. The continued e...

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Namibia: Immunisation Conference in Capital

AllAfrica News: Polio — Mon, 12 Dec 2011 14:55:49 +0100

More than 200 participants from 46 African countries and partner organisations comprising experts in immunization and public health, and vaccine research and development donors were in the country for the third African Regional Conference on Immunisation last week. (Source: AllAfrica News: Polio)

Randomized controlled study of fractional doses of inactivated poliovirus vaccine administered intradermally with a needle in the Philippines

International Journal of Infectious Diseases — Wed, 07 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Primary series and booster vaccination of a fractional IPV dose administered by the ID route was highly immunogenic and well tolerated. These data confirm the medical validity of using fractional ID doses of IPV. The programmatic feasibility of implementing affordable mass vaccination programs based on this delivery mode has yet to be established. (Source: International Journal of Infectious Diseases)

Move to Get Bin Laden Hurt Polio Push

WSJ.com: Health — Sat, 03 Dec 2011 01:12:39 +0100

The U.N. says a reportedly fake vaccination campaign conducted to help hunt down Osama bin Laden impeded efforts to wipe out polio in the country. (Source: WSJ.com: Health)

Nigeria: Jigawa - When Immunisation Becomes Bargaining Chip

AllAfrica News: Polio — Fri, 02 Dec 2011 09:44:25 +0100

Barely months after a community in Guri local government area of Jigawa State was persuaded by authorities to turn from its defiant resistance against polio vaccine for many years, another community, Garbagal, in the same local government, is presenting a similar challenge. It has threatened to boycott the ongoing immunisation exercise in protest against the non completion of a clinic project started over 12 years ago. (Source: AllAfrica News: Polio)

Can Polio Vaccine Really Eradicate The Disease?

Health News from Medical News Today — Wed, 30 Nov 2011 10:00:00 +0100

Declaring the eradication of polio will be far more difficult than it was for smallpox, according to a review published in the Journal of General Virology. Further research into the complex virus - host interactions and how the vaccine is used in the final stages of the eradication programme is crucial to its success. Poliomyelitis, also known as infantile paralysis, was one of the most feared diseases of the 1950s. By the mid 1970s, thanks to vaccination, the viral disease had been controlled and eradicated from the developed world, including the UK, US and most of Europe... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

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Is the end of polio truly in sight?

EurekAlert! - Infectious and Emerging Diseases — Tue, 29 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

(Society for General Microbiology) Declaring the eradication of polio will be far more difficult than it was for smallpox, according to a review published in the Journal of General Virology. Further research into the complex virus-host interactions and how the vaccine is used in the final stages of the eradication program is crucial to its success. (Source: EurekAlert! - Infectious and Emerging Diseases)

From polio to chickenpox, vaccines run gamut

USATODAY.com Health — Mon, 28 Nov 2011 13:22:47 +0100

Most people don't think about polio and diphtheria. Those diseases have been stamped out in the United States, largely because of vaccines. (Source: USATODAY.com Health)

Angola: Lunda Norte Prepares Over 200.000 Polio Vaccines

AllAfrica News: Polio — Thu, 24 Nov 2011 13:50:45 +0100

The two hundred and seventy thousand poliomyelitis vaccines available for Lunda Norte Province were already distributed to nine districts of the province, awaiting for the start of the campaign this Friday, ANGOP learnt Wednesday in Dundo, from the local supervisor of the Broad Vaccination Programme (PAV), Henriques Salucombo. (Source: AllAfrica News: Polio)

Nigeria: Official Worried Over Polio Vaccine Rejection

AllAfrica News: Polio — Wed, 23 Nov 2011 09:24:12 +0100

Chairman of the Kaduna State Action Committee on Immunization (SACI), Dr Mustapha Jumare, has expressed concern over rejection of polio vaccine in some parts of the state. (Source: AllAfrica News: Polio)

Office immunization.

Primary Care — Mon, 21 Nov 2011 14:24:45 +0100

This article discusses the currently available vaccines along with recommendations for their use. PMID: 22094143 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Primary Care)

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Sudan: Unamid Supports Polio Campaign in North Darfur

AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine — Thu, 17 Nov 2011 16:54:01 +0100

A polio vaccination campaign conducted by World Health Organization (WHO), with the support of UNAMID, started 17 November 2011-today and will continue until 24 November in North Darfur, targeting 460,551 children under the age of 5 years. The polio campaign is important as neighbouring Chad has reported recently an outbreak of 119 polio cases. (Source: AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine)

Preface

Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice — Thu, 17 Nov 2011 09:49:20 +0100

Vaccine science has been a critical field in the control of numerous diseases with infectious and noninfectious etiologies. Through widespread vaccination programs, smallpox has been eradicated globally, while polio has been eliminated from the Western hemisphere and is poised for global elimination as well. One by one, a number of devastating diseases, that in the past were leading causes of worldwide mortality, have been so successfully controlled that most present-day individuals, laypersons, and clinicians alike have no experience with them (). (Source: Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice)

Top 10 Myths About HIV Vaccine Research

Health News from Medical News Today — Wed, 16 Nov 2011 11:00:00 +0100

Dec. 1 is World AIDS Day, and in commemoration of the occasion, the HIV Vaccine Trials Network, headquartered at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, debunks the top 10 myths about HIV vaccine research. Myth No. 1: HIV vaccines can give people HIV. HIV vaccines do not contain HIV and therefore a person cannot get HIV from the HIV vaccine. Some vaccines, like those for typhoid or polio, may contain a weak form of the virus they are protecting against, but this is not the case for HIV vaccines... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Intradermal fractional dose inactivated polio vaccine: A review of the literature.

Vaccine — Wed, 16 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

This article reviews the clinical studies to date on intradermal fractional dose polio vaccination. We conclude that intradermal IPV vaccination shows potential as a means to reduce the cost and increase the ease of administration of IPV, but that additional research is needed to determine the optimal fractional dose, timing, and role of adjuvants in intradermal IPV vaccination as well as the clinical significance of different antibody titers above the threshold for seroconversion. PMID: 22100886 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine)

South Sudan: Millions of Children Receive Polio Vaccine in UN-Backed Campaign

AllAfrica News: Polio — Tue, 15 Nov 2011 10:35:42 +0100

Up to 3.2 million South Sudanese children have received vaccinations against polio in a United Nations-backed campaign to ensure the new country remains free of the deadly disease, more than two years after the last case was reported. (Source: AllAfrica News: Polio)

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Millions of South Sudanese children receive polio vaccine in UN-backed campaign

UN News Centre - Health, Poverty, Food Security — Mon, 14 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Nigeria: Aliyu Commends Traditional Rulers for Polio Eradication

AllAfrica News: Polio — Fri, 11 Nov 2011 09:28:26 +0100

Governor Babangida Aliyu of Niger State has commended traditional rulers in the state for mobilising their subjects to present their wards for polio vaccination in order to eradicate the killer disease. (Source: AllAfrica News: Polio)

Progress toward poliomyelitis eradication --- afghanistan and pakistan, january 2010--september 2011.

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... — Fri, 11 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

This report updates previous reports (1,4) and describes polio eradication activities and progress in Afghanistan and Pakistan during January 2010--September 2011, as of October 31, 2011, and planned activities during 2011--2012 to address challenges to polio eradication. In Afghanistan, WPV transmission during 2010--2011 predominantly occurred in the conflict-affected South Region and the adjacent Farah Province of the West Region. During 2010, 25 WPV cases were confirmed in Afghanistan, compared with 38 in 2009; 42 WPV cases were confirmed during January--September 2011, compared with 19 for the same period in 2010. In Pakistan, WPV transmission during 2010--2011occurred both in conflict-affected, inaccessible areas along the common border with Afghanistan and in accessible areas; 144 WP...

Global routine vaccination coverage, 2010.

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... — Fri, 11 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

This report summarizes the status of vaccination coverage globally and regionally in 2010 and progress toward meeting the GIVS goal. In 2010, 130 (67%) countries had achieved 90% DTP3 coverage, and an estimated 85% of infants worldwide had received at least 3 doses of DTP vaccine. However, 19.3 million children were not fully vaccinated and remained at risk for diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis and other vaccine-preventable causes of morbidity and mortality; approximately 50% of these children live in India, Nigeria, and the Democratic Republic of Congo. Despite the overall improvement in vaccination coverage during the past 37 years, routine vaccination programs need to be strengthened globally, especially in countries with the greatest numbers of unvaccinated children. PMID: 2207159...

Live Virus Used In Polio Vaccine Can Evolve And Infect, Warns TAU Researcher

Health News from Medical News Today — Wed, 09 Nov 2011 08:00:00 +0100

Health professionals and researchers across the globe believe they are on the verge of eradicating polio, a devastating virus which can lead to paralysis and death. Despite successful eradication in most countries, there are still four countries where the virus is considered endemic - and many more in which the virus still lurks. Dr. Lester Shulman of Tel Aviv University's Sackler Faculty of Medicine and the Israeli Ministry of Health has spent years tracking isolated cases of live poliovirus infections, often discovered in countries that are supposedly polio-free... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

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South Sudan: Mass Polio Vaccination Campaign Kicks Off

AllAfrica News: Polio — Wed, 09 Nov 2011 07:25:11 +0100

A mass Polio vaccination of children less than five years old has began in South Sudan on Tuesday as health officials and development partners seek to make Africa's newest nation free from the deadly disease that cripples children. (Source: AllAfrica News: Polio)

Grant To Study Microneedle Patches For Polio Vaccine

Health News from Medical News Today — Tue, 08 Nov 2011 09:00:00 +0100

The Georgia Institute of Technology will receive funding through Grand Challenges Explorations, an initiative created by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation that enables researchers worldwide to test unorthodox ideas that address persistent health and development challenges... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Grant funds feasibility study of microneedle patches for polio vaccination

EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health — Mon, 07 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

(Georgia Institute of Technology Research News) Researchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have received a grant to study the use of microneedle patches for the low-cost administration of polio vaccine. (Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health)

Progress toward poliomyelitis eradication --- India, january 2010--september 2011.

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... — Fri, 04 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

This report updates previous reports and summarizes progress toward polio eradication in India during January 2010--September 2011. Throughout India, the most recent confirmed WPV type 3 (WPV3) case occurred on October 22, 2010, in Jharkhand, and the most recent confirmed WPV type 1 (WPV1) case occurred on January 13, 2011, in West Bengal; WPV2 has not been reported in India since 1999. Importation of WPV into India is a risk, and undetected low-level WPV transmission is a possibility, requiring high vaccination coverage in all states, continued focus on children in migrant and underserved populations, sensitive surveillance for prompt detection of any WPV, and preparedness to mount a robust emergency vaccination campaign in response to any WPV cases. PMID: 22048729 [PubMed - in proces...

South Sudan: Polio Vaccination Kicks Off Next Tuesday

AllAfrica News: Polio — Fri, 04 Nov 2011 03:57:09 +0100

A vigorous polio vaccination campaign in South Sudan will kick off next Tuesday 8 November 2011, the minister for Health Hon Dr Michael Milli Hussein has announced. (Source: AllAfrica News: Polio)

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Polio Progress

About.com Pediatrics — Thu, 03 Nov 2011 12:39:17 +0100

With all of the talk about vaccine refusers, measles outbreaks, and new cases of mumps, etc., you hardly expect to hear any good news about vaccine preventable diseases. Fortunately, there is some good news. The CDC reports on the recent progress toward polio eradication in India. This is big news, as India has been one of few countries, in addition to Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Nigeria, where transmission of indigenous wild poliovirus has not been interrupted....Read Full Post (Source: About.com Pediatrics)

[Pityriasis rubra pilaris after vaccination].

Annales de Dermatologie et de Cenereologie — Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: Questioning about recent vaccination during history taking appears necessary to assess the importance of this trigger factor as well as the mechanism responsible for the onset of PRP. PMID: 22078037 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Annales de Dermatologie et de Cenereologie)

Commonwealth leaders commit to polio eradication

CTV Health — Mon, 31 Oct 2011 12:02:47 +0100

Commonwealth government leaders meeting in Australia agreed Saturday to step up efforts to eradicate polio worldwide, despite the Afghanistan war setting back vaccination efforts there and in neighbouring Pakistan. (Source: CTV Health)

Ghana: 240,000 Children to Receive Vaccination Against Polio

AllAfrica News: Polio — Mon, 31 Oct 2011 09:01:54 +0100

The Upper East Region, on Thursday October 27, joined the rest of the country in the on-going National Immunisation Day against Polio, with over 240,000 children below five targeted to be vaccinated at the end of the exercise on Saturday, October 29, 2011. About 25,000 volunteers and 300 supervisors are carrying out the exercise. (Source: AllAfrica News: Polio)

Vaccines one option against more cholera outbreaks

MSF News — Fri, 28 Oct 2011 20:48:00 +0100

Haiti was hit with a massive epidemic of cholera, a disease not seen in the country for perhaps a century, in October 2010. The pathogen causing the outbreak, Vibrio cholerae (variant O1 Ogawa) has been imported and introduced by human activity. The numbers of infected people across Haiti reached their peak by the last week of 2010, when more than 4,000 cases of cholera were reported daily, according to the Haitian Ministry of Health. Subsequently, the number of cases declined slowly until the end of April 2011, with 500 cases reported daily. A second rise was reported and reached a peak in mid-June of 2,000 cases per day. As of October 2011, more than 464,000 cases and 6,500 deaths have been recorded. Haiti © Jean Marc GibouxAn MSF staff treats a child suffering from cholera. Cho...

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Jonas Salk's Birthday

About.com Pediatrics — Fri, 28 Oct 2011 16:34:28 +0100

Jonas Salk was born on October 28, 1914. Although people are often not used to observing the birthdays of scientists, Dr. Salk, who died in 1995, likely deserves some recognition since he developed the first polio vaccine back in the 1950s. During regular outbreaks in the United States, before routine polio vaccination, there were up to about 20,000 cases of paralytic polio each year....Read Full Post (Source: About.com Pediatrics)

Congo-Kinshasa: Millions of Children Immunized Against Polio

AllAfrica News: Polio — Wed, 26 Oct 2011 15:00:43 +0100

Thousands of vaccination teams have traversed the vast Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) on foot, by motorbike, boat and car, in a campaign to immunize at least 14 million children against polio, the UN Children's Fund (UNICEF) said. (Source: AllAfrica News: Polio)

South Africa: A Rare Case of Polio Vaccination Paralysis in a Congenital Immune Deficient Child in the Country

AllAfrica News: Polio — Mon, 24 Oct 2011 12:22:52 +0100

To ensure South Africa remains free of polio the Department of Health oversees a monitoring programme to ensure that any case would be identified early. (Source: AllAfrica News: Polio)

South Africa: Polio Vaccine Paralyses Child

AllAfrica News: Polio — Mon, 24 Oct 2011 10:44:28 +0100

A Gauteng child has been paralysed as a result of a rare complication from polio vaccination, said the Department of Health. (Source: AllAfrica News: Polio)

Nigeria: Making Every Child Count On World Polio Day

AllAfrica News: Polio — Mon, 24 Oct 2011 04:13:57 +0100

TODAY is World Polio Day. It is a day set aside globally to assess the significance and success of the oral polio vaccine, OPV. It is also a day the world spotlights the importance of global eradication of polio. (Source: AllAfrica News: Polio)

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Kenya: State Launches Round Two Polio Vaccination

AllAfrica News: Polio — Fri, 21 Oct 2011 12:57:52 +0100

THE second round of polio vaccination in 32 districts in Nyanza province and Trans Mara district will kick off on Saturday October 22 to 26. Speaking at the launch of the campaign in Nairobi, Public Health and Sanitation director Dr Shahnaaz Sharif called on the public to cooperate and participate in the polio mop-up campaign. "I wish to appeal to all parents and guardians with children in the selected districts to ensure that they get their children immunised during this campaign," Sharif said. (Source: AllAfrica News: Polio)

China vaccinates 9 million amid polio outbreak

CTV Health — Tue, 18 Oct 2011 13:02:45 +0100

Chinese health authorities have vaccinated more than 9 million people in a far western region against polio amid an outbreak of the disease that has paralyzed 17 people and killed one of them. (Source: CTV Health)

Angola: Over 200,000 Children Immunised Against Polio

AllAfrica News: Polio — Tue, 18 Oct 2011 08:03:53 +0100

At least 234,164 children under five years of age were vaccinated against measles and poliomyelitis on October 09-10, in southern Namibe province, as part of the vaccination campaign called "Viva a vida com Saúde" (enjoy a healthy life), ANGOP learned on Monday. (Source: AllAfrica News: Polio)

China vaccinates 4.5 million people in fight against polio

Reuters: Health — Tue, 18 Oct 2011 07:14:38 +0100

HONG KONG (Reuters) - China vaccinated 4.5 million children and young adults over the last five weeks in the western region of Xinjiang in a fight against polio after the disease paralyzed 17 people and killed one of them, the World Health Organization said. (Source: Reuters: Health)

Antibody persistence at 18-20months of age and safety and immunogenicity of a booster dose of a combined DTaP-IPV//PRP∼T vaccine compared to separate vaccines (DTaP, PRP∼T and IPV) following primary vaccination of healthy infants in the People's Republic of China.

Vaccine — Fri, 14 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

This study assessed the antibody persistence, and the immunogenicity and safety of a booster dose of a DTaP-IPV//PRP∼T (Pentaxim(®), Sanofi Pasteur's AcXim family) combined vaccine and of standalone vaccines one year after primary vaccination in the People's Republic of China. Participants (N=719) previously primed with DTaP-IPV//PRP∼T at 2, 3, 4months (Group A, N=255), 3, 4, 5months (Group B, N=233), or DTaP (Wuhan Institute of Biological Products), PRP-T (Act-Hib(®)) and IPV (Imovax(®) Polio) at 3, 4, 5months (Group C, N=231) received boosters of the same vaccines at 18-20months of age. Seroprotection (SP) and seroconversion (SC) were determined before and 1month after the booster. Safety was monitored from parental reports. In all groups 87.6-100% of participants had pre-booster ...

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Deadly Choices: How the anti-vaccine movement threatens us all -- review | @GrrlScientist | Punctuated Equilibrium

Guardian Unlimited Science — Tue, 11 Oct 2011 14:21:00 +0100

My review of the exposé that presents a reasoned and carefully documented argument about paranoid claims spouted by shrill "anti-vaxxers" -- a powerful citizen misinformation activist movementThere was a time when vaccines were recognised as the life-saving medical advances that they are, but somewhere along the way, a portion of the public became side-tracked by the paranoia spouted by the powerful citizen misinformation activist movement, the anti-vaxxers, and stopped vaccinating their children. How did one of the safest of all medical practices become so widely feared and maligned? In the book, Deadly Choices: How the Anti-Vaccine Movement Threatens Us All (Basic Books: 2011; Amazon UK; Amazon US), pediatric infectious disease specialist and developer of the rotovirus vaccine, Paul Off...

Angola: Over 443,000 Children Immunised Against Polio

AllAfrica News: Polio — Fri, 07 Oct 2011 14:18:10 +0100

About 443.133 children below the age of five received poliomyelitis vaccine during the third phase of the vaccination campaign dubbed "Viva a Vida com Saúde", in the central Bié Province. (Source: AllAfrica News: Polio)

Vaccine-Derived Poliomyelitis 12 Years after Infection

New England Journal of Medicine — Wed, 05 Oct 2011 21:00:31 +0100

New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 365, Issue 14, Page 1355, October 2011. (Source: New England Journal of Medicine)

Sierra Leone: Polio Vaccination Ends Today

AllAfrica News: Polio — Tue, 04 Oct 2011 10:59:18 +0100

The fifth round of polio vaccination which targets over one million under-5 children nationwide will end today. (Source: AllAfrica News: Polio)

Resistance of Polio to its Eradication in Pakistan

Virology Journal — Sun, 02 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: In spite of numerous successes, such as the addition of new vaccines and raising immunization to over 100% in some areas, EPI is still struggling to reach its polio eradication goals. Inadequate service delivery, lack of information about immunization and limited number of vaccinators were found to be the key reason for poor performance of immunization and for large number of cases reported each year due to the deficiency of second and third booster dose. (Source: Virology Journal)

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Poliovirus

PEDIATRICS — Fri, 30 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Despite marked progress in global polio eradication, the threat of polio importation into the United States remains; therefore, all children should be protected against the disease. The standard schedule for poliovirus immunization remains 4 doses of inactivated poliovirus vaccine at 2, 4, and 6 through 18 months and 4 through 6 years of age. The minimum interval between doses 1 and 2 and between doses 2 and 3 is 4 weeks, and the minimum interval between doses 3 and 4 is 6 months. The minimum age for dose 1 is 6 weeks. Minimal age and intervals should be used when there is imminent threat of exposure, such as travel to an area in which polio is endemic or epidemic. The final dose in the inactivated poliovirus vaccine series should be administered at 4 through 6 years of age, regardless of ...

NHS immunisation statistics for England for 2010-11 published

NeLM - News — Wed, 28 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Source: NHS Information Centre Area: News NHS Networks has published immunisation statistics for England for the period 2010-2011. The following key results have been identified (taken directly from source): . Reported coverage figures for all routine childhood vaccinations reported through the Cover of Vaccination Evaluated Rapidly (COVER) programme in 2010-11 showed an increase at national level. Most regions also reported increases in coverage for routine childhood vaccinations. Although London reported increases, coverage figures for this Strategic Health Authority (SHA) remain lower than for other regions. . For children reaching their second birthday, coverage of Diphtheria, Tetanus, Polio, Pertussis and Haemophilus influenzae type b (DTaP/IPV/Hib) in 2010-11 wa...

AAP lifts Tdap vaccine warning, calls for polio vaccination in US

Modern Medicine — Wed, 28 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - In two new Policy Statements, the American Academy of Pediatrics amends earlier cautions regarding Tdap vaccination and reiterates the need for all children in the U.S. to be fully immunized against poliovirus. (Source: Modern Medicine)

Polio Spreading Out From Pakistan

IPS Inter Press Service - Health — Mon, 26 Sep 2011 16:58:34 +0100

Despite two decades of mass oral polio vaccination (OPV) drives, Pakistan has failed to control the crippling paediatric disease. Health authorities now fear that it is exporting the virus and setting back global eradication plans. (Source: IPS Inter Press Service - Health)

China launches vaccination campaign as polio spreads

Pharmaceutical Technology — Mon, 26 Sep 2011 11:06:26 +0100

A mass vaccination campaign against polio has been launched in China after it was confirmed that the virus had spread from Pakistan.Post to:Delicious Digg reddit Facebook StumbleUpon (Source: Pharmaceutical Technology)

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AAP Updates Polio Vaccine RecommendationsAAP Updates Polio Vaccine Recommendations

Medscape Today Headlines — Mon, 26 Sep 2011 04:01:41 +0100

If a child is at imminent risk for exposure, with planned travel to certain countries, the AAP recommends that the IPV doses be administered at minimum ages and intervals. Medscape Medical News (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

PAKISTAN: Fighting a Taliban-Polio Alliance

IPS Inter Press Service - Health — Mon, 26 Sep 2011 00:46:00 +0100

With Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province turning into the ‘polio capital of the world', authorities are warning parents that heeding Taliban propaganda against oral polio vaccination (OPV) could earn them a prison sentence. (Source: IPS Inter Press Service - Health)

Kenya: Government On High Polio Alert

AllAfrica News: Polio — Fri, 23 Sep 2011 10:43:05 +0100

A five day anti-polio vaccination campaign starts tomorrow in Nyanza province. (Source: AllAfrica News: Polio)

Kenya: One Million Nyanza Children to Be Immunised Against Polio

AllAfrica News: Polio — Wed, 21 Sep 2011 13:40:33 +0100

Health officials in Nyanza have put measures in place to have about one million children vaccinated against polio. (Source: AllAfrica News: Polio)

WHO issues warning regarding the international spread of polio

NeLM - News — Wed, 21 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Source: Reuters Health News Area: News Reuters Health News has reported that the World Health Organisation has announced that polio has broken out in China for the first time since 1999 after being imported from Pakistan, and there is a high risk the virus will spread further during the annual Haj pilgrimage. According to the report, 9 cases have been confirmed in China and polio is now considered to have spread nationwide in Pakistan, mainly due to insecurity that has halted vaccination campaigns. The WHO has therefore rated as "high" the risk of further international spread of wild polio virus from Pakistan, particularly given the expected large-scale population movements associated with Umra and the upcoming Haj. (Haj is the main annual Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca ...

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Poliomyelitis strain spreads to China: Is U.S. at risk?

Health News: CBSNews.com — Tue, 20 Sep 2011 21:12:05 +0100

Disease remains incurable and potentially deadly, though vaccines are safe and effective (Source: Health News: CBSNews.com)

Poliomyelitis outbreak, Pointe-Noire, Republic of the Congo, September 2010-February 2011.

MSF Field Research — Mon, 19 Sep 2011 14:35:54 +0100

Title: Poliomyelitis outbreak, Pointe-Noire, Republic of the Congo, September 2010-February 2011.Authors: Le Menach, Arnaud; Llosa, Augusto E; Mouniaman-Nara, Isabelle; Kouassi, Felix; Ngala, Joseph; Boxall, Naomi; Porten, Klaudia; Grais, Rebecca FAbstract: On November 4, 2010, the Republic of the Congo declared a poliomyelitis outbreak. A cross-sectional survey in Pointe-Noire showed poor sanitary conditions and low vaccination coverage (55.5%), particularly among young adults. Supplementary vaccination should focus on older age groups in countries with evidence of immunity gaps. (Source: MSF Field Research)

Office Immunization

Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice — Mon, 19 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

This article discusses the currently available vaccines along with recommendations for their use. (Source: Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice)

Angola: Over 11,000 Children Vaccinated Against Polio

AllAfrica News: Polio — Sat, 17 Sep 2011 09:19:21 +0100

At least 11,236 children aged less than five years have been vaccinated against poliomyelitis in Ganda district, central Benguela province, Angop learned. (Source: AllAfrica News: Polio)

Angola: Over 50.000 Children Immunized Against Polio and Measles

AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine — Tue, 13 Sep 2011 13:37:35 +0100

Fifty thousand and 298 children from zero to five years old received vaccines against poliomyelitis and measles in province of Kwanza Sul, in the first days of the immunization campaign dubbed "Viva a vida com saúde", happening in every part of the country from 9 to 22 September. (Source: AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine)

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Angola: Vaccination Campaign to Cover Over 70,000 Children

AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine — Fri, 09 Sep 2011 17:24:29 +0100

At least 70,177 children aged from zero to five years old will be vaccinated against poliomyelitis and measles in Bengo province, during the vaccination campaign being carried out from this Friday to Sunday all over the country. (Source: AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine)

Kenya: Polio Outbreak Alarms Nyanza Health Officials

AllAfrica News: Polio — Thu, 08 Sep 2011 14:58:21 +0100

Public health and sanitation officers in Nyanza yesterday issued alert over a possible re-emergence of polio after a three-year-old boy tested positive for wild polio virus type one in Rongo. Nyanza public health and sanitation officer Joel Gondi said the alert has been declared in the hot spots of Rongo district, ahead of the plan vaccination scheduled in two weeks time. (Source: AllAfrica News: Polio)

Kenya: Polio Door to Door Campaign in September

AllAfrica News: Polio — Wed, 07 Sep 2011 05:37:17 +0100

There will be a door to door anti polio vaccination campaign between the 24th and 28th of this month following an outbreak in Nyanza. (Source: AllAfrica News: Polio)

Mucosal immunity and poliovirus vaccines: Impact on wild poliovirus infection and transmission.

Vaccine — Sat, 03 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Okayasu H, Sutter R, Czerkinsky C, Ogra PL Abstract Since the resolution of the World Assembly in 1988 to eradicate polio globally, substantial progress toward this target has been achieved, but the final goal remains elusive. India and other tropical developing countries present a unique challenge because of the much lower oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) immunogenicity compared to industrialized countries, both in terms of humoral and mucosal immunity. To overcome this challenge, further research is needed to elucidate the causes for the suboptimal OPV immunogenicity, better defining the optimal vaccine schedules and delivery strategies, developing and evaluating adjuvants to boost OPV immunogenicity, and improving the methods for directly measuring mucosal immunity. PM...

Angola: Vaccine Against Polio to Benefit Over 100,000 Children

AllAfrica News: Polio — Fri, 02 Sep 2011 06:25:20 +0100

At least 113,598 children under five years of age will be immunized against poliomyelitis in northern Kuanza Norte province, Angop has learnt. (Source: AllAfrica News: Polio)

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Attitudes and perceptions of private pediatricians regarding polio immunization in India.

Vaccine — Fri, 02 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: There is still strong support for polio eradication efforts among IAP members. Pediatricians in India strongly believe that improving the coverage of routine immunization remains the best way to eradicate polio. There is an urgent need to improve awareness, build confidence in the program, and remove barriers among parents. PMID: 21893150 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine)

The impact of different doses of vitamin A supplementation on male and female mortality. A randomised trial from Guinea-Bissau.

BMC Pediatrics - Latest articles — Wed, 31 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Our sample size does not permit firm conclusions since mortality was lower than expected. We could not confirm a beneficial effect of a lower dose of VAS on mortality in girls.Trial registration: The study was registered under clinicaltrials.gov, number NCT00168636 (Source: BMC Pediatrics - Latest articles)

Development of a poliovirus neutralizing test with poliovirus pseudovirus for measurement of neutralizing antibody titer in human serum.

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology — Tue, 30 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

In this study, we have developed a PV neutralization test with type 1, 2, and 3 PV pseudoviruses to determine neutralizing antibody titer against PV in human serum samples. With this test, neutralizing antibody titer against PV could be determined within 2 days by automated interpretation of luciferase signals without using infectious PV strains. We validated pseudovirus PV neutralization test with 131 human serum samples collected from a wide range of age groups (age of 1 to >60 y) by comparison with conventional neutralization test. We found a good correlation in the neutralizing antibody titers determined by these tests. These results suggest that pseudovirus PV neutralizaion test would serve as a safe and simple procedure for the measurement of neutralizing antibody titer against PV...

Japan loans cash to help curb rising incidence of polio in Pakistan

BMJ Online First — Thu, 25 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Japan has provided a $65m (£40m; €45m) loan to help efforts to eradicate polio in Pakistan amid concern that rising numbers of cases there could undermine global progress on wiping out the... (Source: BMJ Online First)

Nigeria: Polio Eradication - Monarch Seeks Solar-Powered Refrigerators for Vaccines

AllAfrica News: Polio — Mon, 22 Aug 2011 14:47:27 +0100

The Oloke-Odan of Oke-Odan in Yewa South local government area of Ogun State, Olurotimi Fagbenro, has blamed the spread of polio in many states to the improper refrigeration of vaccines for the eradication of the disease. (Source: AllAfrica News: Polio)

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Nigeria: In the Shadow of Polio

AllAfrica News: Polio — Tue, 16 Aug 2011 08:48:41 +0100

Bauchi State is under threat of wild polio virus from its neighbours. Concern there increased in June when the National Primary Healthcare Development Agency said many children in Nigeria were still paralysed because they were not being brought forward to receive oral polio vaccines, especially in Kano, Jigawa, Sokoto, Kebbi and Borno. (Source: AllAfrica News: Polio)

Nigeria: Jail Threat for Polio Vaccination Refuseniks

AllAfrica News: Polio — Sat, 13 Aug 2011 15:10:25 +0100

Authorities in Kano, Nigeria, recently announced people would be jailed or fined for refusing to immunize their children against polio, as cases increase in the northern state, but it is unclear whether this approach is working. (Source: AllAfrica News: Polio)

UNICEF using African refugee crisis to target 300,000 Kenyan children for vaccination

NaturalNews.com — Sat, 13 Aug 2011 07:00:00 +0100

(NaturalNews) You never want a serious crisis to go to waste: these are the now-infamous words uttered by former White House Chief of Staff Rahm Emanuel during the early days of the currently-in-motion financial meltdown, and they are ones that ring eerily true with a new vaccination campaign taking place in Kenya. Recent reports explain that the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) is taking advantage of the mass influx of refugees from Somalia into Kenya by pushing polio and measles vaccines on 300,000 Kenyan children.Extreme famines, religious persecution, and various other factors have driven hundreds of thousands of Somalians into nearby Kenya over the past several months. Many of the refugee camps taking in these migrants are now at the brink of, or have already exceeded, their ma...

[Comment] The last mile in global poliomyelitis eradication

LANCET — Fri, 12 Aug 2011 20:36:06 +0100

Before the development of the inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) in 1955, poliomyelitis paralysed and killed up to half a million people every year. The introduction of the IPV in the USA led to a dramatic reduction in poliomyelitis transmission and cases, from an average 20 000 cases per year in the 1950s to less than 1000 cases by the 1960s. With the development of the oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) and the strategy to give two doses of trivalent OPV to all children younger than 5 years in mass vaccination campaigns, transmission was stopped in the USA by 1979. (Source: LANCET)

Progress toward poliomyelitis eradication --- Nigeria, january 2010--june 2011.

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... — Thu, 11 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

This report updates GPEI progress in Nigeria during January 2010--June 2011 and describes activities required to interrupt transmission. In Nigeria, confirmed WPV cases decreased 95%, from 388 in 2009 to 21 in 2010; cVDPV2 cases decreased 82%, from 154 in 2009 to 27 in 2010. However, as of July 26, 2011, Nigeria had reported 24 WPV cases (including one WPV/cVDPV2 coinfection) and 11 cVDPV2 cases during January--June 2011, compared with six WPV cases and 10 cVDPV2 cases during January--June 2010. Despite substantial progress, immunization activities and surveillance sensitivity will need to be enhanced further to interrupt WPV transmission in Nigeria by the end of 2011. PMID: 21832977 [PubMed - in process] (Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl...)

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Update on Vaccine-Derived PoliovirusesUpdate on Vaccine-Derived Polioviruses

Medscape Today Headlines — Wed, 10 Aug 2011 11:21:48 +0100

What are the most effective polio vaccines currently available? This new report discusses their safety, efficacy, and availability. Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

Nigeria: Hundreds of parents refuse polio vaccines

CTV Health — Wed, 03 Aug 2011 12:15:57 +0100

An independent monitor says hundreds of parents are defying threats of jail time by refusing polio vaccines for their children in a high-risk northern Nigerian state. (Source: CTV Health)

Parents' Refusal Of Kids' Polio Vaccine Might Mean Jail In Nigeria

Health News from Medical News Today — Wed, 03 Aug 2011 09:00:00 +0100

Officials in Nigeria's northern Kano state say parents who refuse to have their children vaccinated against polio may be prosecuted and could face jail time. The government order issued this week comes as the United Nations children's agency, UNICEF, has been pressuring Nigeria's northern states to promote vaccination against the highly contagious disease. Officials began a four-day immunization campaign in Kano on Thursday, with the goal of immunizing six million children. The World Health Organization says a polio outbreak began spreading in the second half of 2008... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Poliomyelitis outbreak, pointe-noire, republic of the congo, september 2010-february 2011.

Emerging Infectious Diseases — Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Le Menach A, Llosa AE, Mouniaman-Nara I, Kouassi F, Ngala J, Boxall N, Porten K, Grais RF On November 4, 2010, the Republic of the Congo declared a poliomyelitis outbreak. A cross-sectional survey in Pointe-Noire showed poor sanitary conditions and low vaccination coverage (55.5%), particularly among young adults. Supplementary vaccination should focus on older age groups in countries with evidence of immunity gaps. PMID: 21801636 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Emerging Infectious Diseases)

WellBee says Be Well - Immunization Slogan

About.com Pediatrics — Fri, 29 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

WellBee says "Be Well... Immunize your family now!" This isn't a new immunization campaign. It is actually a very old immunization slogan. Perhaps one of the oldest - the CDC campaign for the Sabin oral polio vaccine in the 1960's....Read Full Post (Source: About.com Pediatrics)

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Nigeria May Jail Parents Who Refuse Child Polio Vaccinations

Health News from Medical News Today — Fri, 29 Jul 2011 17:00:00 +0100

Nigeria to jail parents over polio vaccines

CTV Health — Fri, 29 Jul 2011 16:13:16 +0100

Officials in northern Nigeria say parents who do not allow their children to be vaccinated against polio now risk jail time for defying a government order. (Source: CTV Health)

300,000 kids in Kenya to get polio vaccines

CTV Health — Wed, 27 Jul 2011 14:00:48 +0100

UNICEF says it is trying to vaccinate more than 300,000 children in Kenya in an emergency program designed to prevent an outbreak of disease as refugees stream into northern Kenya from famine-hit Somalia. (Source: CTV Health)

Cholera epidemic moving down Congo River

MSF News — Tue, 26 Jul 2011 21:42:00 +0100

“I had no choice. My youngest son Eliezer was going out like a candle.” In a roughly constructed building with walls, floor and roof made from lengths of plastic sheeting, a worried father speaks as he sits by his son’s side on a low bed. The main ward of the cholera treatment centre run by Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) in Mbandaka, the capital of Equateur Province in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), has a partition dividing it in two. Eliezer Wetchi and his father are in the second ward, for recovering or less severely-ill patients. “To get to the MSF treatment centre we spent all night travelling down the Congo River,” the elder Wetchi says. “At first I thought my son had malaria, but after a week of treatment in our village he was still throwing up and having diarrhea...

Chicken Pox Vaccination and Chicken Pox Deaths

About.com Pediatrics — Mon, 25 Jul 2011 12:32:05 +0100

The chicken pox vaccine works. Surprised? Probably not. But there are still many people in the anti-vaccine movement who think that vaccines don't actually work. They think that decreases in vaccine preventable diseases and deaths are from improvements in other medical technologies, but not from vaccines themselves. Of course that is despite the clear evidence that vaccine preventable diseases and deaths, whether from measles, polio, or small pox, go down when a vaccine is introduced....Read Full Post (Source: About.com Pediatrics)

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Paralytic Poliomyelitis Associated With Sabin Monovalent and Bivalent Oral Polio Vaccines in Hungary

American Journal of Epidemiology — Wed, 20 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Historical records of patients with vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) in Hungary during 1961–1981 were reviewed to assess the risk of VAPP after oral polio vaccine (OPV) administration. A confirmed VAPP case was defined as a diagnosis of paralytic poliomyelitis and residual paralysis at 60 days in a patient with an epidemiologic link to the vaccine. Archived poliovirus isolates were retested using polymerase chain reaction and sequencing of the viral protein 1 capsid region. This review confirmed 46 of 47 cases previously reported as VAPP. Three cases originally linked to monovalent OPV (mOPV) 3 and one case linked to mOPV1 presented after administration of bivalent OPV 1 + 3 (bOPV). The adjusted VAPP risk per million doses administered was 0.18 for mOPV1 (2 cases/11....

Fake vaccine campaign in Pakistan could threaten plans to eradicate polio

BMJ Online First — Mon, 18 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Public health and medical aid organisations around the globe have condemned a fake vaccination operation reportedly run by the US Central Intelligence Agency as part of a ruse to capture and kill... (Source: BMJ Online First)

Increase in EPI vaccines coverage after implementation of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in infant with Sulfadoxine -pyrimethamine in the district of Kolokani, Mali: Results from a cluster randomized control trial

BMC Public Health - Latest articles — Sun, 17 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Background: Even though the efficacy of Intermittent Preventive Treatment in infants (IPTi) with Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine (SP) against clinical disease and the absence of its interaction with routine vaccines of the Expanded Immunization Programme (EPI) have been established, there are still some concerns regarding the addition of IPTi, which may increase the work burden and disrupt the routine EPI services especially in Africa where the target immunization coverage remains to be met. However IPTi may also increase the adherence of the community to EPI services and improve EPI coverage, once the benefice of strategy is perceived. Methods: To assess the impact of IPTi implementation on the coverage of EPI vaccines, 22 health areas of the district of Kolokani were randomized at a 1:1 ratio ...

Angola: Over Three Thousand Children Receive Polio Vaccine

AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine — Tue, 12 Jul 2011 12:52:04 +0100

About 3,097 children under the age of five received poliomyelitis vaccine last weekend, in the district of Mavinga, south-eastern Kuando Kubango Province, during a local sub-campaign. (Source: AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine)

ABC of the First Year and ABC of One to Seven

Archives of Disease in Childhood — Mon, 11 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

The paediatric books in the ABC range were first published in 1980, and are now onto their sixth edition having stood the tests of time. However, particularly in the case of ABC of the First Year, this ageing is perhaps becoming disappointingly apparent. Although it is clear that much of the text contains practical advice developed during years of experience, it differs in places from current best practice, National Laboratory Service teaching, British Thoracic Society recommendations, National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines and so on. There is reference to oral polio vaccine, oral salbutamol and recommendation to treat all otitis media with antibiotics. In many cases, the rather dated pictures also appear to be preserved from the much earlier editions. The ...

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Angola: Esso Angola Volunteers Support Vaccination Campaign Against Polio

AllAfrica News: Polio — Sun, 10 Jul 2011 20:17:11 +0100

The oil company Esso Exploration Angola (Block 15) Limited announced on Friday that the programme of volunteers, dubbed Team of Communitarian Action (CAT) will take part in the national vaccination campaign against poliomyelitis. (Source: AllAfrica News: Polio)

Sierra Leone: Undertakes 3rd Round of Polio Immunization Campaign

AllAfrica News: Polio — Fri, 08 Jul 2011 14:04:04 +0100

Sierra Leone launched its third round of National Immunization Days (NIDs) 2011 campaign on 24 June. The campaign will be conducted effective its launch date to 27 June to administer Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV) to over one million children below the age of 5 years. The campaign is being synchronised with other countries in the West African sub-region to protect targeted children from polio virus infection, which is still circulating in the region. (Source: AllAfrica News: Polio)

Nigeria: 'Gombe Communities Still Reject Polio Vaccine'

AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine — Mon, 04 Jul 2011 13:10:48 +0100

The epidemiologist in the Gombe State ministry of health, Dr. Abubakar Joshua has said that some communities were still rejecting the polio vaccine, in spite of the aggressive awareness campaign by the authorities. (Source: AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine)

Update on vaccine-derived polioviruses --- worldwide, july 2009--march 2011.

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... — Thu, 30 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

This report updates previous surveillance summaries and describes VDPVs detected worldwide during July 2009--March 2011 and reported as of June 20, 2011. Three new outbreaks of circulating VDPVs (cVDPVs), ranging in size from six to 16 cases, were identified in Afghanistan, Ethiopia, and India; three previously identified outbreaks in Nigeria, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), and Somalia continued through late 2010 or into 2011 and resulted in 355, 37, and 13 total cases, respectively; two countries experienced importations of cVDPVs from Nigeria; nine newly identified paralyzed immunodeficient persons in seven middle-income and developing countries were found to excrete VDPVs; and VDPVs were found among persons and environmental samples in 15 countries. With the use of alternate OPV fo...

Environmental factors in inflammatory bowel disease: A case-control study based on a Danish inception cohort

Journal of Critical Care — Wed, 29 Jun 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Among Danish patients with CD and UC belonging to an unselected cohort, disease occurrence was found to be associated both with well-known factors such as smoking and appendectomy, and with more debated factors including breastfeeding, tonsillectomy, childhood vaccinations, childhood infections, and dietary intake of fibres and sugar.Highlights: ► The aetiology of inflammatory bowel diseases remains uncertain. ► Smoking was positively associated with CD and negatively associated with UC. ► Low consumption of dietary fibres and high consumption of sugar increased the risk for IBD. ► Appendectomy decreased the risk for UC. Tonsillectomy decreased the risk for both UC and CD. ► Childhood infections and vaccinations may also play an aetiological role in IBD. (Source: Jour...

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Malaria - on the long, slow but steady road to elimination

Guardian Unlimited Science — Tue, 28 Jun 2011 16:42:00 +0100

A new report on malaria research says funding has risen dramatically and should lead to new drugs, vaccines and other weapons for the fight against malaria within a few yearsAmid all the gloomy talk of economic recession and dire warnings that the amount of money available for development aid is going to shrink, a report on the state of malaria research out on Tuesday is refreshingly upbeat. Investment has more than quadrupled in the past 16 years, it says, from $121m in 1993 to $612m in 2009. Yes, malaria is a massive health burden in many countries and was neglected for decades. But, it goes on – and this is worth quoting because it's a rare moment of good news:Fortunately, a dramatic increase in support for R&D since the mid-1990s means funders are now well on the way to achieving glo...

India on verge of eradicating polio

Los Angeles Times - Science — Sat, 25 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

A more effective vaccine and billions of dollars spent to spread the message and get children inoculated repeatedly is bearing fruit, with reported cases falling drastically. Scientists, health workers and community outreach officials in India believe they're finally on the cusp of a major milestone, the defeat of polio throughout the country. (Source: Los Angeles Times - Science)

Childhood immunization: remarkable gains endangered by funding issues

WHO Director-General speeches — Thu, 23 Jun 2011 17:42:00 +0100

23 June 2011 -- The achievement of ambitious goals, such as expanded immunization coverage, the introduction of new vaccines, polio eradication, and measles elimination, is directly tired to funds. Recently, dramatic price reductions by industry and new funding for the GAVI Alliance give cause for great optimism. (Source: WHO Director-General speeches)

This Day in Science History - June 23 - Jonas Salk and the March of Dimes

About.com Chemistry — Tue, 21 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

On June 23, 1995 Jonas Salk died. Salk was an American physician who developed the first safe and effective polio vaccine. For much of the 20th century, polio was a ...Read Full Post (Source: About.com Chemistry)

Chad: Children Unprotected As Polio Spreads

AllAfrica News: Polio — Tue, 21 Jun 2011 20:23:22 +0100

As polio strikes more and more people in Chad - 68 cases so far this year - tens of thousands of children are unprotected largely due to flaws in how vaccination campaigns are run. (Source: AllAfrica News: Polio)

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Local Resistance to the Global Eradication of Polio: Newspaper Coverage of the 2003-2004 Vaccination Stoppage in Northern Nigeria

Health Communication — Tue, 21 Jun 2011 15:48:07 +0100

(Source: Health Communication)

Fatal Polio Reported 12 Years After Exposure to Vaccine (CME/CE)

MedPage Today Public Health — Wed, 15 Jun 2011 21:01:36 +0100

(MedPage Today) -- In an unusual case of vaccine-derived polio, an immunodeficient woman receiving regular intravenous immune globulin treatment became paralyzed and died 12 years after her child received the oral polio vaccine, investigators reported. (Source: MedPage Today Public Health)

Vaccine-Derived Poliomyelitis 12 Years after Infection in Minnesota

New England Journal of Medicine — Wed, 15 Jun 2011 21:00:06 +0100

New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 364, Issue 24, Page 2316-2323, June 2011. (Source: New England Journal of Medicine)

[Infantile bullous pemphigoid developing after hexavalent, meningococcal and pneumococcal vaccinations.]

Anales de Pediatria — Sun, 12 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

We present a 3-month-old girl with a blistering eruption on her palms and soles, and urticarial plaques on trunk, and face, 3 weeks after vaccine at two months (hepatitis B, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, Haemophilus influenzae B, meningococcal C, pneumococcus). The clinical course worsened with vaccinations at 4 and 6 months. The control of lesions was achieved with oral deflazacort 1mg/kg/day, with a gradual decrease until 3 months of therapy. The patient is still in remission after 8 months of follow-up. Bullous pemphigoid has been connected with some drugs and vaccinations, 1 day to 4 weeks after receiving immunization. Although the exact mechanism of induction is unclear, this case report has a visible relationship with vaccinations. PMID: 21676664 [PubMed - as supplied by...

Experts predict meningitis B vaccine

NHS News Feed — Fri, 10 Jun 2011 18:00:00 +0100

News stories have extensively covered the possibility of a vaccine that could offer “new hope in the war on meningitis”. The Daily Mail said that the “first vaccine against deadly meningitis B will be available within months”, and The Independent said that the vaccine will offer “80% protection against the main causes of meningitis”. The news stories come in response to a series of articles on vaccines published in the medical journal The Lancet. The articles discussed the likely developments in vaccine biology and discovery expected over the coming years. The series follows a pledge from the charitable Gates Foundation in 2010 that called for a new “decade of vaccines” to help protect the vulnerable against disease and suffering. The foundation estimates that if vaccine co...

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When Parents Don't Vaccinate, I Take It Personally

Psychology Today Parenting Center — Thu, 09 Jun 2011 01:21:24 +0100

The fact is, when people tell me that they decided not to vaccinate their children, I am taking it personally. Here is why. read more (Source: Psychology Today Parenting Center)

Angola: Over 200.000 Children Vaccinated Against Polio

AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine — Wed, 08 Jun 2011 13:02:57 +0100

At least 221.415 children, under five years old, were immunised against poliomyelitis in the northern Malanje province during the third phase of the vaccination campaign, which happened countrywide on 29-31 May. (Source: AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine)

India's Vaccine Deficit: Why More Than Half Of Indian Children Are Not Fully Immunized, And What Can--And Should--Be Done [Strengthening Programs]

Health Affairs — Tue, 07 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Although India is a leading producer and exporter of vaccines, the country is home to one-third of the world’s unimmunized children. Fewer than 44 percent of India’s young children receive the full schedule of immunizations. India’s vaccine deficit has several causes: little investment by the government; a focus on polio eradication at the expense of other immunizations; and low demand as a consequence of a poorly educated population and the presence of anti-vaccine advocates. In this article we describe India’s vaccine deficit and recommend that the government move quickly to increase spending on, and otherwise strengthen, national immunization programs. (Source: Health Affairs)

Kenya: 1.2 Million Children to Receive Repeat Polio Vaccine

AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine — Mon, 06 Jun 2011 11:39:19 +0100

More than 1.2 million children in Western Kenya will be vaccinated against polio again after a survey revealed the area was still threatened by the crippling disease. The new campaign targets 22 districts where more than three million children received oral polio vaccines late last year following an outbreak in Uganda. (Source: AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine)

Kenya: Why Measles And Polio Are Striking Back

AllAfrica News: Polio — Mon, 06 Jun 2011 10:38:17 +0100

Doctors have explained that the recent outbreaks of measles and polio are because most vaccines are only about 85 per cent effective. They say that despite mandatory immunization of all children the efficacy levels of the vaccines leaves a large susceptible population. (Source: AllAfrica News: Polio)

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Kenya: Polio Jab Reminder for Tomorrow

AllAfrica News: Polio — Mon, 06 Jun 2011 06:06:17 +0100

A door to door anti polio vaccination campaign targeting 1.2 million children starts today. The campaign will be held in 22 high risk districts in Nyanza, Western and Rift Valley provinces. The exercise is going to cost the government approximately 62 million shillings. Public health officials are urging parents with children under five years to ensure they are vaccinated. (Source: AllAfrica News: Polio)

A comparative study to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of two lots of Haemophilus influenzae type-B conjugate vaccine manufactured at different scales.

Vaccine — Fri, 03 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: SII HibP(RO) vaccines manufactured in small and industrial scale are equally immunogenic, safe and confer adequate seroprotection to infants of 6-14 weeks of age. Scaling up production process has not affected the safety and immune response in the target population. PMID: 21651947 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine)

Inactivated polio vaccine development for technology transfer using attenuated Sabin poliovirus strains to shift from Salk-IPV to Sabin-IPV.

Vaccine — Fri, 03 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Bakker WA, Thomassen YE, Oever AG, Westdijk J, van Oijen MG, Sundermann LC, Veld PV, Sleeman E, van Nimwegen FW, Hamidi A, Kersten GF, van den Heuvel N, Hendriks JT, van der Pol LA Industrial-scale inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) production dates back to the 1960s when at the Rijks Instituut voor de Volksgezondheid (RIV) in Bilthoven a process was developed based on micro-carrier technology and primary monkey kidney cells. This technology was freely shared with several pharmaceutical companies and institutes worldwide. In this contribution, the history of one of the first cell-culture based large-scale biological production processes is summarized. Also, recent developments and the anticipated upcoming shift from Salk-IPV to Sabin-IPV are presented. Responding to a call by the...

Angola: Over 7000 Children Vaccinated Against Polio in Samba-Caju

AllAfrica News: Polio — Thu, 02 Jun 2011 11:04:26 +0100

At least 7.645 children, under five years old, were immunised against poliomyelitis in Samba-Caju district in the northern Kwanza Norte province, in the framework of the national vaccination campaign that happened on 27-29 May. (Source: AllAfrica News: Polio)

Kenya: Polio Vaccination Campaigns

AllAfrica News: Polio — Thu, 02 Jun 2011 10:04:24 +0100

A new door to door anti polio vaccination campaign will be launched on Saturday. Public health director Shariff Shaanaz is urging parents with children under five years to ensure they are vaccinated. He says the campaign targeting 1.2 million children will cost more than 62 million shillings. Three million children were vaccinated previously but a risk assessment analysis shows that children in twenty two districts are still at risk of contracting polio. (Source: AllAfrica News: Polio)

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Monovalent type 1 oral poliovirus vaccine among infants in India: Report of two randomized double-blind controlled clinical trials.

Vaccine — Wed, 01 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: In both studies, seronconversion rates were unexpectedly low to poliovirus type 1 after mOPV1 or tOPV given at birth but high for all formulations of mOPV1 given at age 30 days. The cause for low immunogenicity of OPV at birth in India is not known. PMID: 21641951 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine)

Polio vaccine campaigns must take note of local concerns

SciDev.Net — Wed, 01 Jun 2011 17:53:52 +0100

Vaccination campaigns to eradicate polio must change how they engage with local communities, say Heidi J. Larson and Isaac Ghinai. (Source: SciDev.Net)

Estimation of nationwide vaccination coverage and comparison of interview and telephone survey methodology for estimating vaccination status.

J Korean Med Sci — Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100

This study compared interview and telephone surveys to select the better method for regularly estimating nationwide vaccination coverage rates in Korea. Interview surveys using multi-stage cluster sampling and telephone surveys using stratified random sampling were conducted. Nationwide coverage rates were estimated in subjects with vaccination cards in the interview survey. The interview survey relative to the telephone survey showed a higher response rate, lower missing rate, higher validity and a less difference in vaccination coverage rates between card owners and non-owners. Primary vaccination coverage rate was greater than 90% except for the fourth dose of DTaP (diphtheria/tetanus/pertussis), the third dose of polio, and the third dose of Japanese B encephalitis (JBE). The DTaP4: Po...

Angola: Polio Campaign to Vaccinate Over 106,000 Children

AllAfrica News: Polio — Mon, 30 May 2011 10:50:50 +0100

At least 106,000 children under five years of age is the number expected to be vaccinated against polio in the province of Kwnaza Norte, in the third phase of national vaccination campaign which runs from 27 to 29 May. (Source: AllAfrica News: Polio)