MedWorm: Tetanus Vaccine

Immunogenicity and Tolerability of Recombinant Serogroup B Meningococcal Vaccine Administered With or Without Routine Infant Vaccinations According to Different Immunization Schedules: A Randomized Controlled Trial [Original Contribution]

JAMA — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion A 4CMenB vaccine is immunogenic against reference strains when administered with routine vaccines at 2, 4, and 6 or at 2, 3, and 4 months of age, producing minimal interference with the response to routine infant vaccinations. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00721396 (Source: JAMA)

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Changes to Tdap, HPV, Hepatitis B Vaccine Recommendations Among 2012 Schedule Highlights

AAFP Health of the Public — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 21:00:00 +0100

More than a dozen changes are reflected in the CDC's 2012 child, adolescent and adult immunization schedules. Developed in conjunction with the AAFP and other groups, several of the 2012 changes are especially pertinent to family physicians, according to the AAFP's liaison to the CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, Jamie Loehr, M.D., of Ithaca, N.Y. "Some of the most important changes for family physicians in the 2012 immunization schedules involve the tetanus, diphtheria and acellular pertussis vaccine for pregnant women and health care personnel, as well as the hepatitis B vaccine for patients with diabetes," Loehr told AAFP News Now (Source: AAFP Health of the Public)

The Risk of Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura After Vaccination in Children and Adolescents

PEDIATRICS — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: ITP is unlikely after early childhood vaccines other than MMR. Because of the small number of exposed cases and potential confounding, the possible association of ITP with hepatitis A, varicella, and tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis vaccines in older children requires further investigation. (Source: PEDIATRICS)

Improving the Quality of Immunization Delivery to an At-Risk Population: A Comprehensive Approach

PEDIATRICS — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: We were able to implement a comprehensive immunization QI program that was sustainable over time. (Source: PEDIATRICS)

[National Survey of Vaccination Coverage (Influenza, pneumococcus and tetanus) in Mexican population of 60 years of age and older].

Salud Publica de Mexico — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Important improvements are shown in vaccination coverage among elderly in Mexico. Differentials suggest the need to intensify information campaigns and actions that could improve the accessibility to vaccines for this population. PMID: 22286827 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Salud Publica de Mexico)

Vaccination coverage among medical residents in Paris, France

Clinical Microbiology and Infection — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractMedical residents are particularly exposed to the risk of occupational infection. We aimed to determine the vaccination coverage in residents with an anonymous self‐reporting electronic questionnaire. A total of 250 residents entered this survey. Vaccination rates were particularly high for mandatory vaccinations (diphtheria, tetanus, poliomyelitis, hepatitis B virus and tuberculosis). Regarding recommended vaccinations (influenza 45.6%, pertussis 65.2%, measles 62.8%, varicella 62.8%), rates were insufficient to prevent hospital epidemics, but higher than those reported in other healthcare workers. Further immunization programmes should target residents, and not only senior healthcare workers, with a critical role for occupational medicine departments. (Source: Clinical Microbio...

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The influence of BCG vaccine strain on mycobacteria-specific and non-specific immune responses in a prospective cohort of infants in Uganda.

Vaccine — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Both specific and non-specific immune responses to the BCG vaccine differ by strain. Scarring after BCG vaccination is also strain-dependent and is associated with higher IFN-γ and IL-13 responses to mycobacterial antigens. The choice of BCG strain may be an important factor and should be evaluated when testing novel vaccine strategies that employ BCG in prime-boost sequences, or as a vector for other vaccine antigens. PMID: 22300718 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine)

Notes from the Field : Use of Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Pertussis Vaccine (Tdap) in an Emergency Department — Arizona, 2009–2010

CDC Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 21:16:36 +0100

(Source: CDC Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report)

Lethality and osteomuscular and cardiovascular complications in tetanus

Revista Brasileira de Terapia Intensiva — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 15:57:11 +0100

CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrates the failure of primary medical care in vaccination and post-traumatic tetanus prophylaxis. Despite improvements in intensive care support, cardiovascular complications are still frequent in these patients. Individuals exhibiting high APACHE II scores and severe clinical forms of tetanus should be monitored closely due to a risk of death and cardiovascular complications. (Source: Revista Brasileira de Terapia Intensiva)

Clostridium tetani infections in newborn infants: a tetanus neonatorum review

Revista Brasileira de Terapia Intensiva — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 15:57:11 +0100

A despeito de ser uma doença imunoprevenível, o tétano permanece ceifando vidas em diferentes regiões do planeta. Se para a doença de origem acidental a ocorrência de novos casos reflete a insuficiente imunização da população, no caso do tétano neonatorum o problema tem dupla natureza: a precária cobertura vacinal dos adultos e as dificuldades de acesso ao pré-natal de qualidade, situação agudizada pela extrema gravidade da moléstia nesta faixa etária, cuja letalidade pode chegar a 80%. Deste modo, ainda que seja importante o reconhecimento precoce do tétano no recém-nato para seu pronto e adequado tratamento, o aspecto de maior relevância é, indubitavelmente, a implementação de adequadas medidas de profilaxia e controle. Com base nestas premissas, propõe-se, neste ...

Notes from the field : use of tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis vaccine (tdap) in an emergency department - Arizona, 2009-2010.

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Abstract Because of an increasing incidence of reported pertussis cases attributed to waning immunity among adults and adolescents, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) in 2005 recommended administration of a new, combined tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis vaccine (Tdap) for adolescents and adults aged 11-64 years. ACIP recommended that they receive a single dose of Tdap to replace tetanus and diphtheria toxoid vaccine (Td) for booster immunization against tetanus and diphtheria if they had not previously received Tdap. Adults aged ≥65 years were to receive Td according to ACIP recommendations. To learn whether these age-specific recommendations were being followed in an emergency department (ED), the charts of a samp...

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An Operational Study on Implementation of Mobile Primary Healthcare Services for Seasonal Migratory Farmworkers, Turkey

Maternal and Child Health Journal — Wed, 25 Jan 2012 18:09:10 +0100

This study, conducted in Şanlıurfa, Turkey, between March 2008 and April 2009, examined multiple stages of MPHS implementation in both a permanent settlement (336 children aged 5 and under; 580 women of reproductive age) and a working settlement (85 living units; 217 children and 257 women). The stages included: (1) identifying the problem, (2) identifying a potential solution and a quasi-experimental study to evaluate the effect of intervention, (3) utilizing and disseminating results to stakeholders, and (4) implementing sustainable MPHS county-wide. Rates of selected outcome measures, including full childhood and tetanus vaccination, phenylketonuria screening, and safer usage of pesticides, iodine salt, and sanitary toilet facilities, increased significantly following the interv...

High levels of PFC exposure may reduce childhood vaccine efficacy

MedWire News - Pediatrics — Wed, 25 Jan 2012 00:00:00 +0100

Study findings suggest that high exposure to perfluorinated compounds, such as those found in food packaging, can lead to reduced humoral responses to childhood vaccines to tetanus and diphtheria. (Source: MedWire News - Pediatrics)

Serum Vaccine Antibody Concentrations in Children Exposed to Perfluorinated Compounds [Original Contribution]

JAMA — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion Elevated exposures to PFCs were associated with reduced humoral immune response to routine childhood immunizations in children aged 5 and 7 years. (Source: JAMA)

Measurement of antibodies to pneumococcal, meningococcal and haemophilus polysaccharides, and tetanus and diphtheria toxoids using a 19-plexed assay.

Journal of Immunological Methods — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Whitelegg AM, Birtwistle J, Richter A, Campbell JP, Turner JE, Ahmed TM, Giles LJ, Fellows M, Plant T, Ferraro AJ, Cobbold M, Drayson MT, Maclennan CA Abstract The measurement of antibody responses to vaccination is useful in the assessment of immune status in suspected immune deficiency. Previous reliance on enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assays (ELISA) has been cumbersome, time-consuming and expensive. The availability of flow cytometry systems has led to the development of multiplexed assays enabling simultaneous measurement of antibodies to several antigens. We optimized a flow cytometric bead-based assay to measure IgG and IgM concentrations in serum to 19 antigens contained in groups of bacterial subunit vaccines: pneumococcal vaccines, meningococcal vaccines, Haemoph...

Tetanus immunity check recommended for chronic wound patients

MedWire News - Infectious Diseases — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 22:45:34 +0100

More effort should be made to ensure that patients with chronic leg wounds have adequate protection against tetanus, say UK researchers on finding that around half of patients do not have up to date vaccination against the infection. (Source: MedWire News - Infectious Diseases)

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Vaccine model of antiphospholipid syndrome induced by tetanus vaccine.

Lupus — Sun, 15 Jan 2012 14:30:03 +0100

Authors: Dimitrijevic L, Zivkovic I, Stojanovic M, Petrusic V, Zivancevic-Simonovic S Abstract Successful induction of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) in two different non-autoimmune prone mouse strains, BALB/c and C57BL/6, was achieved by tetanus toxoid (TTd) hyperimmunization using different adjuvants (glycerol or aluminium hydroxide), and different adjuvant pretreatments (glycerol or Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA)). APS had different manifestations of reproductive pathology in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice: fetal resorption (as a consequence of extreme T-cell activation obtained in the course of pretreatment), and lowering of fecundity (as a consequence of polyclonal B-cell stimulation), respectively. In BALB/c mice fetal resorption coincided with glycerol and CFA pretreatments, whi...

Immunogenicity and safety of LBVH0101, a new Haemophilus influenzae type b tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine, compared with Hiberix™ in Korean infants and children: A randomized trial.

Vaccine — Thu, 12 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: LBVH0101 showed a good immunogenicity and safety profile in infants and children. The two-dose infant-priming schedule with a booster dose may suffice for Hib immunization in Korean infants (Clinical trial registration numbers: NCT01019772 and NCT01251133). PMID: 22245607 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine)

Early Impact of the US Tdap Vaccination Program on Pertussis Trends [Article]

Archives of Pediatrics — Wed, 11 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Changes in pertussis incidence in the United States from 2005 to 2009 revealed a divergence between 11- to 18-year-olds and other age groups, suggesting that targeted use of Tdap among adolescents reduced disease preferentially in this age group. Increased Tdap coverage in adolescents and adults is needed to realize the full direct and indirect benefits of vaccination. (Source: Archives of Pediatrics)

Immunogenicity of a Bovine Herpes Virus I Peptide Expressed in Tandem Copies in Attenuated Salmonella.

Herpes — Tue, 10 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Gnazzo V, Cebrian I, Langellotti C, Chabalgoity J, Mongini C, Quattrocchi V, Zamorano P Abstract Abstract A live system to release heterologous antigens using an attenuated Salmonella strain was developed. We transformed Salmonella typhimurium LVR03 (S. LVR03) with a recombinant pTECH2 vector encoding 0, 1, 2, and 4 tandem copies of an imunogenic peptide of bovine herpes virus-1 (BoHV-1) glycoprotein D (gD). The system used yielded peptides fused to the non-toxic C fragment of the tetanus toxin (TetC), which has been shown to have adjuvant properties. Inoculation of BALB/c mice with the transformed Salmonella strains gave rise to a mild self-limited infection, with primary replication of bacteria occurring in Peyer's patches, even when the bacteria was administered intran...

A need for careful evaluation of endotoxin contents in acellular pertussis-based combination vaccines.

Tue, 10 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Kataoka M, Ochiai M, Yamamoto A, Horiuchi Y Abstract Two batches each of diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP) and that combined with inactivated polio vaccine purchased from foreign markets were tested by mouse body weight decreasing (BWD) toxicity test and Limulus amaebocyte lysate (LAL) test. Three out of the four imported vaccine batches showed the levels of BWD toxicity even comparable to that of DT-whole cell pertussis vaccine. BWD toxicity test is based on endotoxin dose-dependent weight loss of mice and has been used for controlling endotoxin in DTaP. Although of the strong BWD toxicity of the imported vaccines, there was no marked difference in LAL test results between the imported vaccines and Japanese DTaP. However, one imported DTaP batch showed...

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Clinical study of transcutaneous vaccination using a hydrogel patch for tetanus and diphtheria.

Vaccine — Fri, 06 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Hirobe S, Matsuo K, Quan YS, Kamiyama F, Morito H, Asada H, Takaya Y, Mukai Y, Okada N, Nakagawa S Abstract Transcutaneous immunization (TCI) is a non-invasive and easy-to-use vaccination method. We demonstrated the efficacy and safety of a transcutaneous vaccine formulation using a hydrogel patch in animal experiments. In the present study, we performed a clinical study to apply our TCI formulation for vaccination against tetanus and diphtheria in human. The TCI device was a hydrogel patch (antigen-free) applied to the left brachial medial skin of 22 healthy volunteers for 48h. Next, the hydrogel patch, containing 2mg tetanus toxoid (TT) and 2mg diphtheria toxoid (DT) as the TCI formulation, was applied to 27 healthy volunteers for 24h and some volunteers were vaccinated ...

A genomics-based approach to assessment of vaccine safety and immunogenicity in children.

Vaccine — Fri, 06 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: White OJ, McKenna KL, Bosco A, van den Biggelaar A, Richmond P, Holt PG Abstract Immune responses to vaccines in infants and young children are typically Th2-biased, giving rise to concerns regarding potential atopy-like side effects, and antagonism of Th1-associated sterilising immunity. Conventional immunological methodology has limited capacity to effectively address these problems because of the inherent complexity of the immune responses involved. In the present study, we sought to develop an unbiased systems biology approach to elucidate superficially similar Th2-associated responses to paediatric vaccines and allergens, and to differentiate between them via gene coexpression network analysis. We demonstrate below that in immune responses to the diptheria/acellular p...

Measles control in Sub-Saharan Africa: South Africa as a case study.

Vaccine — Fri, 06 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: The heterogeneity in measles vaccination coverage across SA districts challenges the goal of measles elimination in SA and SSA. The reduction in routine immunization coverage associated with the occurrence of SIAs raises the legitimate concern that SIAs may negatively impact health systems' functioning. PMID: 22230581 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine)

Medicaid reimbursement and the uptake of adolescent vaccines.

Vaccine — Wed, 04 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that, contrary to what has been shown for childhood vaccines, raising Medicaid reimbursement rates may not improve adolescent vaccine utilization. Instead, other policy changes may be more effective, such as expansion of VFC programs into universal purchase programs, further implementation of school-based vaccine mandates and efforts to raise preventive care visits among adolescents. PMID: 22226859 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine)

[Relationship between precariousness, social coverage, and vaccine coverage: Survey among children consulting in pediatric emergency departments in France.]

Archives de Pediatrie — Wed, 04 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: Poor children living in southern France had significant delays in their routine immunizations, resulting in gaps in their protection. Every medical visit, even those conducted in an emergency ward, should identify children with immunization delays and offer a catch-up schedule if necessary. PMID: 22226013 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Archives de Pediatrie)

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Vaccination coverage in Haiti: Results from the 2009 National Survey.

Vaccine — Tue, 03 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Coverage for early-infant vaccines was high; however, most children did not complete their full vaccination series, and many children received vaccinations later than recommended. Efforts to improve the vaccination program should include increasing the frequency of outreach services, training for vaccination staff to minimize missed opportunities, and better communicating the timing of vaccinations to encourage caregivers to bring their children for vaccinations at the recommended age. Efforts to promote the benefits of vaccination and card retention are also needed. PMID: 22227146 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine)

Early Impact of the US Tdap Vaccination Program on Pertussis Trends [Article]

Archives of Pediatrics — Mon, 02 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Assessment of serologic immunity to diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis after treatment of korean pediatric hematology and oncology patients.

J Korean Med Sci — Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Kwon HJ, Lee JW, Chung NG, Cho B, Kim HK, Kang JH Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis antibody titers after antineoplastic treatment and to suggest an appropriate vaccination approach for pediatric hemato-oncologic patients. A total of 146 children with either malignancy in remission after cessation of therapy or bone marrow failure were recruited. All children had received routine immunization including diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis vaccination before diagnosis of cancer. The serologic immunity to diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis was classified as: completely protective, partially protective, or non-protective. Non-protective serum antibody titer for diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis was detected in 6.2%, 11.6%, and...

Cocooning to protect the herd — of newborns

Health Facts and Fears — Wed, 28 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Babies have to wait until they’re at least six weeks old to get the DTaP vaccine, which protects them from tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis (whooping cough). Thus, during these early weeks of life, their undeveloped immune systems make them especially vulnerable to these illnesses. (Source: Health Facts and Fears)

Changes in antigen-specific IgG1 Fc N-glycosylation upon influenza and tetanus vaccination.

Molecular and Cellular Proteomics : MCP — Mon, 19 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Selman MH, de Jong SE, Soonawala D, Kroon FP, Adegnika AA, Deelder AM, Hokke CH, Yazdanbakhsh M, Wuhrer M Abstract Antibody effector functions have been shown to be influenced by the structure of the Fc N-glycans. Here we studied the changes in plasma or serum IgG Fc N-glycosylation upon vaccination of 10 Caucasian adults and 10 African children. Serum/plasma IgG was purified by affinity chromatography prior to and at two time points after vaccination. Fc N-glycosylation profiles of individual IgG subclasses were determined for both total IgG and affinity-purified anti-vaccine IgG using a recently developed fast nanoLC-ESI-MS method. While vaccination had no effect on the glycosylation of total IgG, anti-vaccine IgG showed increased levels of galactosylation and sialylatio...

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Assessment of a Mandatory Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Pertussis Vaccination Requirement on Vaccine Uptake over Time

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue — Thu, 15 Dec 2011 23:20:02 +0100

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, Volume 33, Issue 1, Page 81-83, January 2012. (Source: Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue)

Pharmacodynamic Effects of Steady-State Fingolimod on Antibody Response in Healthy Volunteers: A 4-Week, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group, Multiple-Dose Study.

The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology — Thu, 15 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Boulton C, Meiser K, David OJ, Schmouder R Abstract Fingolimod, a first-in-class oral sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor (S1PR) modulator, is approved in many countries for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, at a once-daily 0.5-mg dose. A reduction in peripheral lymphocyte count is an expected consequence of the fingolimod mechanism of S1PR modulation. The authors investigated if this pharmacodynamic effect impacts humoral and cellular immunogenicity. In this double-blind, parallel-group, 4-week study, 72 healthy volunteers were randomized to steady state, fingolimod 0.5 mg, 1.25 mg, or to placebo. The authors compared T-cell dependent and independent responses to the neoantigens, keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), and pneumococcal polysaccharides vaccine (PPV-23), respec...

Probiotic effects on T cell maturation in infants during weaning

Clinical and Experimental Allergy — Tue, 13 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion and Clinical Relevance:Our findings suggest modest effects by probiotics on T cell maturation following 9 months of probiotic intake. Future studies should address if specific probiotics may drive immune development with possible preventive effects on the development of allergic disease.© 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd (Source: Clinical and Experimental Allergy)

Refugee numbers grow

MSF News — Mon, 12 Dec 2011 18:53:00 +0100

The registered number of refugees gathering at the tiny village of Doro, in South Sudan, as of Dec. 7, was 21,500 and increasing daily. Anywhere from 500 to 1,000 newcomers are registering every day. The walk from their homelands in Blue Nile State, Sudan, took anywhere from one week to one month. Although the work to set up a properly organized refugee camp is under way, no family groups arriving at the gathering point at Doro have yet been allocated a plot. So the reality for most is still to find a small tree or bush under which to spread the belongings they were able to carry. South Sudan © Jean-Marc Jacobs/MSFRefugees fleeing from Blue Nile State in Sudan have been arriving in Doro, South Sudan since mid-November. The refugees say they have fled war in Blue Nile State in neighbour...

Destruction of immunobiologicals and their disposal

Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases — Thu, 08 Dec 2011 22:39:20 +0100

This study comprises a descriptive, exploratory and retrospective work that employed search of bibliographic data, collection of secondary data from forms of immunobiologicals disposal and interview of the agent responsible for the disposal of these products in the municipality. It was observed that the total numbers of unused vaccines in 2008 and 2009 were similar (4523 and 4395, respectively), being the most discarded: the diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis (DTP) vaccine in 2008 and DTP, BCG and influenza in 2009. It was found that the amount of discarded vaccines could be reduced since the reasons for that were predictable. Moreover, the current study emphasized that although there is a municipal regulation for the disposal of immunobiologicals, the city still requires a better structure...

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Influenza vaccine and adjuvant.

Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan — Thu, 08 Dec 2011 01:48:02 +0100

Authors: Nakayama T Abstract Adjuvant is originated from the Latin word "adjuvare" which means "help" in English to enhance the immunological responses when given together with antigens. The beginning of adjuvant was mineral oil which enhanced the immune response when it was given with inactivated Salmonella typhimurium. Aluminium salt was used to precipitate diphtheria toxoid and increased level of antibody response was demonstrated when administered with alum-precipitated antigens. Since 1930, aluminium salt has been used as DTaP (diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis vaccine) adjuvant. Many candidates were tested for adjuvant activity but only aluminum salt is allowed to use for human vaccines. New adjuvant MF59, oil-in-water emulsion type, was developed for influenza vaccine f...

Soybean agglutinin coated PLA particles entrapping candidate vaccines induces enhanced primary and sustained secondary antibody response from single point immunization.

European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences — Sun, 04 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Gupta RK, Goswami DG, Singh RR, Surolia A, Panda AK Abstract Polylactide (PLA) polymer particles entrapping diphtheria toxoid (DT) or tetanus toxoid (TT) were formulated with surface coatings of soybean agglutinin to have dendritic cells (DCs) targeting ability through c-type lectin receptors (CLR). It was observed that soybean agglutinin coating resulted in more association of polymer particles with DCs. Immunization with soybean agglutinin coated polymer particles entrapping DT or TT elicited antibody response better than the plain particles entrapping antigens. Both for TT and DT, single point immunization of soybean agglutinin coated polymer particles along with alum resulted in very high antibody titers; much higher than that observed while immunizing with alum adsorb...

Adolescent Vaccination-Coverage Levels in the United States: 2006-2009

PEDIATRICS — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Adolescent vaccination coverage is increasing but could be improved. Strategies are needed to increase parental knowledge about adolescent vaccines and improve provider recommendation and administration of all vaccines during the same visit. (Source: PEDIATRICS)

Washington State Pediatricians' Attitudes Toward Alternative Childhood Immunization Schedules

PEDIATRICS — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Washington State pediatricians are regularly being asked to use ACISs, and most of them are comfortable using them if requested. Pediatricians are least willing to delay H influenzae type b vaccine, diphtheria-tetanus toxoids-acellular pertussis vaccine, and pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, which suggests prioritization of immunizations that protect against potentially devastating bacterial infections of infancy and early childhood. (Source: PEDIATRICS)

East African immigrant children in Australia have poor immunisation coverage

Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Paediatric East African immigrants in Victoria are very likely to be inadequately immunised and parent‐reported vaccination status does not predict serological immunity. Full catch‐up immunisation is recommended where immunisation status is unknown and written records are unavailable. Consideration should be given to policy and program development to provide timely and complete immunisation coverage in this group after arrival in Australia. (Source: Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health)

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Towards universal health coverage: the role of within-country wealth-related inequality in 28 countries in sub-Saharan Africa.

Bulletin of the World Health Organization — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: The contribution of wealth-related inequality to the child and maternal health service coverage gap differs by country and type of health service, warranting case-specific interventions. Targeted policies are most appropriate where high within-country wealth-related inequality exists, and whole-population approaches, where the health-service coverage gap is high in all quintiles. PMID: 22271945 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Bulletin of the World Health Organization)

Use of Clinical Decision Support to Increase Adult Tdap Vaccination Rates (Grant Greenberg MD, MA)

Family Medicine Digital Resources Library (FMDRL) Recently Uploaded — Wed, 30 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conference on Practice Improvement 2011 Paper presentation Slides. Reviews Clinical Decision Support System and its role in successfully improving Tetanus, Diptheria, acellular Pertussis immunization rates in a Family Medicine Patient Population. (Source: Family Medicine Digital Resources Library (FMDRL) Recently Uploaded)

Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Pertussis (Tdap) Vaccines in Pregnant WomenTetanus, Diphtheria, and Pertussis (Tdap) Vaccines in Pregnant Women

Medscape Today Headlines — Wed, 30 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Are vaccines, such as Tdap, safe for pregnant women? And, if so, at what point in the pregnancy should they be vaccinated? Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

A tetravalent meningococcal serogroups A, C, W-135, and Y tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine is immunogenic and well-tolerated when co-administered with Twinrix(®) in subjects aged 11-17 years: An open, randomised, controlled trial.

Vaccine — Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

This study suggests that MenACWY-TT vaccine could be co-administered with HepA/B without adversely impacting the immunogenicity, safety and reactogenicity of either of the vaccines. PMID: 22107850 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine)

Make sure teens get all vaccines at once

Modern Medicine Contemporary Pediatrics — Thu, 17 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Teenagers are much more likely to be up-to-date on their immunizations if all vaccinations are administered at 1 visit. Pediatricians need to do more to make that happen. That’s the recommendation of a study that found that coverage with the meningococcal conjugate vaccine; the tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis vaccine; and the human papillomavirus vaccine was increasing for adolescents but could be improved. What do researchers recommend you do to enhance vaccination rates? (Source: Modern Medicine Contemporary Pediatrics)

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Tetanus vaccine: Granuloma: case report

Reactions — Wed, 16 Nov 2011 21:59:42 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

TDAP vaccine: It’s not just for kids

Health Facts and Fears — Wed, 16 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Most grown-ups think about the TDAP vaccine (against tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis), if at all, only when they glance over childhood immunization records, and forget about it thereafter. Yet the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is now advising older adults to think again. (Source: Health Facts and Fears)

Global routine vaccination coverage, 2010.

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... — Fri, 11 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

This report summarizes the status of vaccination coverage globally and regionally in 2010 and progress toward meeting the GIVS goal. In 2010, 130 (67%) countries had achieved 90% DTP3 coverage, and an estimated 85% of infants worldwide had received at least 3 doses of DTP vaccine. However, 19.3 million children were not fully vaccinated and remained at risk for diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis and other vaccine-preventable causes of morbidity and mortality; approximately 50% of these children live in India, Nigeria, and the Democratic Republic of Congo. Despite the overall improvement in vaccination coverage during the past 37 years, routine vaccination programs need to be strengthened globally, especially in countries with the greatest numbers of unvaccinated children. PMID: 2207159...

Immediate versus as-needed acetaminophen for post-immunisation pyrexia.

Annals of Tropical Paediatrics — Sun, 06 Nov 2011 18:40:02 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Routine prophylactic acetaminophen after DPT vaccination was effective in reducing the frequency of fever and irritability in the initial 6 hours. However, given that a similar number of doses of acetaminophen was required in both groups, it seems inappropriate to expose all infants receiving DPT vaccination to the possible adverse effects of routine administration of acetaminophen. PMID: 22041468 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Annals of Tropical Paediatrics)

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DTaP(5)-IPV-Hib Vaccine (Pediacel®).

Paediatric Drugs — Thu, 03 Nov 2011 11:01:28 +0100

Authors: Frampton JE Abstract Pediacel® is a fully liquid formulation of a diphtheria, tetanus, five-component acellular pertussis, inactivated poliovirus and Haemophilus influenzae type b combination vaccine, which does not require reconstitution. Both vial and prefilled syringe presentations of Pediacel® are available for use in the EU. In active-controlled clinical trials, primary and/or booster vaccination with Pediacel® was highly immunogenic, eliciting strong and sustained serologic responses against all its component toxoids/antigens when administered according to a variety of different schedules. In particular, pivotal studies showed that Pediacel® was generally similar and/or noninferior to reconstituted pentavalent and hexavalent diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular per...

FDA Approval of Expanded Age Indication for a Tetanus Toxoid, Reduced Diphtheria Toxoid, and Acellular Pertussis Vaccine [From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]

JAMA — Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

(Source: JAMA)

Update on immunizations in adults.

American Family Physician — Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Vaughn JA, Miller RA Abstract Vaccine-preventable diseases contribute significantly to the morbidity and mortality of U.S. adults. The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention updates its recommended adult immunization schedule annually. The most recent updates include the permissive but not routine use of the quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine to prevent genital warts in males; a single dose of herpes zoster vaccine for adults 60 years and older, regardless of their history; replacing a single dose of tetanus and diphtheria toxoids (Td) vaccine with tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine in adults 19 years and older who have not previously received Tdap; expanding the indications for pneumoc...

[Pityriasis rubra pilaris after vaccination].

Annales de Dermatologie et de Cenereologie — Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: Questioning about recent vaccination during history taking appears necessary to assess the importance of this trigger factor as well as the mechanism responsible for the onset of PRP. PMID: 22078037 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Annales de Dermatologie et de Cenereologie)

Gianotti–Crosti Syndrome Following Childhood Vaccinations

Pediatric Dermatology — Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Abstract: A 19‐month‐old boy was evaluated for a skin eruption after recent vaccinations. Clinical and histopathologic findings supported a diagnosis of Gianotti–Crosti syndrome (GCS). This case report examines the link between GCS and vaccinations, particularly the diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccine and the varicella virus live vaccine. (Source: Pediatric Dermatology)

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Clinical characteristics of adult tetanus in a Taiwan medical center.

J Formos Med Assoc — Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: This study revealed several characteristics of adult tetanus cases in the post-vaccine era in Taiwan. Further serological studies and improved tetanus vaccinations may be needed to ensure better protection, especially for high-risk populations. The exceptionally good prognosis for our patients confirms that appropriate treatment, including wound care, early diagnosis, proper medication, and prevention of complications, is essential in managing this traditional curable disease. PMID: 22118315 [PubMed - in process] (Source: J Formos Med Assoc)

Observational study: Obesity linked to impaired immune response to influenza vaccination

NeLM - News — Fri, 28 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Source: International Journal of Obesity Area: News During the recent pandemic of influenza A/H1N1/2009 (pH1N1), obesity was recognised for the first time as an independent risk factor for increased influenza morbidity and mortality. Obesity is associated with decreased antibody response to hepatitis B vaccine and to tetanus toxoid but no studies have examined how it may affect the response to influenza vaccination in humans. Therefore researchers initiated a prospective observational study of the effect of body mass index (BMI) on humoral and cell mediated immune responses to influenza vaccination in humans and in this paper they report data from the first 2 years of the study. The study was carried out at the University of North Carolina Family Medicine Centre and enrolled pa...

Longitudinal analysis of antibody response to immunization in paediatric survivors after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation

British Journal of Haematology — Mon, 24 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

SummaryThe long‐term antibody responses to re‐immunization in recipients of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT) have not been well studied. We prospectively and longitudinally evaluated the antibody responses to eight vaccine antigens (diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, measles, mumps, rubella, hepatitis B, and poliovirus) and assessed the factors associated with negative titres in 210 allo‐HSCT recipients at St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital. Antibody responses lasting for more than 5 years after immunization were observed in most patients for tetanus (95·7%), rubella (92·3%), poliovirus (97·9%), and, in diphtheria‐tetanus‐acellular pertussis (DTaP) recipients, diphtheria (100%). However, responses to pertussis (25·0%), measles (66·7%), mu...

Updated Recommendations for Use of Tetanus Toxoid, Reduced Diphtheria Toxoid and Acellular Pertussis Vaccine (Tdap) in Pregnant Women and Persons Who Have or Anticipate Having Close Contact with an Infant Aged

CDC Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report — Fri, 21 Oct 2011 20:51:11 +0100

(Source: CDC Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report)

Pregnant women should get Tdap vaccine

Health News - UPI.com — Fri, 21 Oct 2011 00:59:47 +0100

ATLANTA, Oct. 20 (UPI) -- Women who are pregnant are advised to get vaccinated with the Tdap vaccine against tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis, U.S. health officials say. (Source: Health News - UPI.com)

A Mid-Term Assessment of Progress towards the Immunisation Coverage Goal of the Global Immunisation Vision and Strategy (GIVS)

BMC Public Health - Latest articles — Fri, 14 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Progress towards GIVS goals highlights improvements in routine immunization coverage, yet it is troubling to observe priority countries with little or no progress during the past five years. These results highlight that further efforts are needed to achieve and maintain the global immunization coverage goals. (Source: BMC Public Health - Latest articles)

Antibody persistence at 18-20months of age and safety and immunogenicity of a booster dose of a combined DTaP-IPV//PRP∼T vaccine compared to separate vaccines (DTaP, PRP∼T and IPV) following primary vaccination of healthy infants in the People's Republic of China.

Vaccine — Fri, 14 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

This study assessed the antibody persistence, and the immunogenicity and safety of a booster dose of a DTaP-IPV//PRP∼T (Pentaxim(®), Sanofi Pasteur's AcXim family) combined vaccine and of standalone vaccines one year after primary vaccination in the People's Republic of China. Participants (N=719) previously primed with DTaP-IPV//PRP∼T at 2, 3, 4months (Group A, N=255), 3, 4, 5months (Group B, N=233), or DTaP (Wuhan Institute of Biological Products), PRP-T (Act-Hib(®)) and IPV (Imovax(®) Polio) at 3, 4, 5months (Group C, N=231) received boosters of the same vaccines at 18-20months of age. Seroprotection (SP) and seroconversion (SC) were determined before and 1month after the booster. Safety was monitored from parental reports. In all groups 87.6-100% of participants had pre-booster ...

Pertussis vaccine/tetanus vaccine: Macrophagic myofasciitis due to aluminium hydroxide adjuvant?: case report

Reactions — Wed, 12 Oct 2011 06:03:59 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

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Collaborative study for the calibration of a replacement International Standard for Tetanus Toxoid Adsorbed.

Sat, 08 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

We present the results of a collaborative study for the establishment of a replacement International Standard (IS) for Tetanus Toxoid Adsorbed. Two candidate preparations were included in the study, one of which was established as the 4th IS for Tetanus Toxoid Adsorbed at the WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization meeting in October 2010. This preparation was found to have a unitage of 490 IU/ampoule, based on calibration in guinea pig challenge assays. Results from mouse challenge assays suggest that the relative performance of two candidate preparations may differ significantly between guinea pigs and mice. The authors note that the number of laboratories that performed guinea pig challenge assays, which are used to calibrate and assign IU, is much lower than in previous col...

Production, characterization and applications of a tetanus toxin specific monoclonal antibody T-62.

Acta Histochemica — Mon, 03 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Petrušić V, Zivković I, Stojanović M, Stojićević I, Marinković E, Dimitrijević L Abstract Tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT) represents a potent toxin that binds to its receptors on neurons and inhibits the release of neurotransmitters. Additionally, its fragments are used to transport pharmacological substances to neuronal cell bodies. The main objective of this study was the development of a suitable model system to study internalization of the TeNT. We have produced a monoclonal antibody (MoAb) specific for TeNT by hybridoma technology, after immunization of BALB/c mice with tetanus toxoid, and have named it T-62. The immunochemical characteristics of MoAb T-62 were tested using ELISA, PAGE and immunoblotting. Finally, we have used an immunohistochemical method to detect...

A conformational change of C fragment of tetanus neurotoxin reduces its ganglioside-binding activity but does not destroy its immunogenicity.

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology — Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

In this study, we prepared and compared three types of monomeric TeNT-Hc with different conformational components: free sulfhydryls (50 kDa), bound sulfhydryls (44 kDa), and a mixture of the two conformational proteins (half 50 kDa and half 44 kDa). TeNT-Hc with bound sulfhydryls reduced its binding activity to ganglioside G(T1b) and neuronal PC-12 cells compared to what was seen for TeNT-Hc with free sulfhydryls. However, there was no significant difference among their immunogenicities in mice, including induction of antitetanus toxoid IgG titers, antibody types, and protective capacities against tetanus neurotoxin challenge. Our results showed that the conformational changes of TeNT-Hc resulting from disulfide bond formation reduced its ganglioside-binding activity but did not destroy it...

New AAP policy statements issued on vaccines

Modern Medicine Contemporary Pediatrics — Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

New policy statements from the American Academy of Pediatrics provide recommendations on use of hepatitis A, varicella, poliovirus, and the tetanus toxoid, reduced content diphtheria toxoid, and aceullular pertussis (Tdap) vaccines. (Source: Modern Medicine Contemporary Pediatrics)

Additional Recommendations for Use of Tetanus Toxoid, Reduced-Content Diphtheria Toxoid, and Acellular Pertussis Vaccine (Tdap)

PEDIATRICS — Fri, 30 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

The American Academy of Pediatrics and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention are amending previous recommendations and making additional recommendations for the use of tetanus toxoid, reduced-content diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis vaccine (Tdap). Review of the results from clinical trials and other studies has revealed no excess reactogenicity when Tdap is given within a short interval after other tetanus- or diphtheria-containing toxoid products, and accrual of postmarketing adverse-events reports reveals an excellent safety record for Tdap. Thus, the recommendation for caution regarding Tdap use within any interval after a tetanus- or diphtheria-containing toxoid product is removed. Tdap should be given when it is indicated and when no contraindication exists. In fur...

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NHS immunisation statistics for England for 2010-11 published

NeLM - News — Wed, 28 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Source: NHS Information Centre Area: News NHS Networks has published immunisation statistics for England for the period 2010-2011. The following key results have been identified (taken directly from source): . Reported coverage figures for all routine childhood vaccinations reported through the Cover of Vaccination Evaluated Rapidly (COVER) programme in 2010-11 showed an increase at national level. Most regions also reported increases in coverage for routine childhood vaccinations. Although London reported increases, coverage figures for this Strategic Health Authority (SHA) remain lower than for other regions. . For children reaching their second birthday, coverage of Diphtheria, Tetanus, Polio, Pertussis and Haemophilus influenzae type b (DTaP/IPV/Hib) in 2010-11 wa...

Effect of an audiovisual message for tetanus booster vaccination broadcast in the waiting room

BMC Family Practice — Wed, 28 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Background: General practitioners (GPs) often lack time and resources to invest in health education; audiovisual messages broadcast in the waiting room may be a useful educational tool. This work was designed to assess the effect of a message inviting patients to ask for a tetanus booster vaccination. Methods: A quasi experimental study was conducted in a Belgian medical practice consisting of 6 GPs and 4 waiting rooms (total: 20,000 contacts/year). A tetanus booster vaccination audiovisual message was continuously broadcast for 6 months in 2 randomly selected waiting rooms (intervention group - 3 GPs) while the other 2 waiting rooms remained unequipped (control group - 3 GPs). At the end of the 6-month period, the number of vaccine adult-doses delivered by local pharmacies in response to ...

HIBERIX (Haemophilus B Conjugate Vaccine (Tetanus Toxoid Conjugate)) Injection, Powder, Lyophilized, For Solution [GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Tue, 27 Sep 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Sep 27, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

More Aggressive Whooping Cough Vaccine Use AdvisedMore Aggressive Whooping Cough Vaccine Use Advised

Medscape Today Headlines — Mon, 26 Sep 2011 04:01:59 +0100

Among other changes in recommendations, the AAP and the CDC have removed their previous minimum interval between administering a tetanus or diphtheria vaccine and the Tdap. Medscape Medical News (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

FDA Approval of Expanded Age Indication for a Tetanus Toxoid, Reduced Diphtheria Toxoid and Acellular Pertussis Vaccine

CDC Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report — Sat, 24 Sep 2011 00:04:14 +0100

(Source: CDC Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report)

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Pertussis Booster for Those Age 65-Plus

Drugs.com - Pharma News — Fri, 23 Sep 2011 13:09:10 +0100

September 23, 2011 -- The U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved the Tdap vaccine -- tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis or whooping cough -- in those age 65 and older. The report, published in the Centers of Disease Control... (Source: Drugs.com - Pharma News)

Pertussis booster for those age 65-plus

Health News - UPI.com — Fri, 23 Sep 2011 05:26:54 +0100

ATLANTA, Sept. 23 (UPI) -- The U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved the Tdap vaccine -- tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis or whooping cough -- in those age 65 and older. (Source: Health News - UPI.com)

FDA approval of expanded age indication for a tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid and acellular pertussis vaccine.

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... — Fri, 23 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Abstract On July 8, 2011, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved an expanded age indication for the tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid and acellular pertussis vaccine (Tdap) Boostrix (GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, Rixensart, Belgium). Originally, Boostrix was licensed in 2005 for persons aged 10 through 18 years, but in 2008, FDA approved an expanded age indication for Boostrix to include persons aged 19 through 64 years. FDA has now expanded the age indication to include persons aged 65 years and older. Boostrix is now licensed for use in persons aged 10 years and older as a single-dose booster vaccination. This notice summarizes the indications for use of Boostrix. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) for Tdap vaccin...

Cephalic Tetanus: A Case Report

International Journal of Biomedical Imaging — Thu, 22 Sep 2011 21:06:09 +0100

A case report of cephalic tetanus in a 2-year-old girl who was not immunized against tetanus following suppurative otitis media (SOM) is presented. This case is reported because of the rarity of cephalic tetanus associated with high mortality, to highlight the risk of cephalic tetanus as sequelae of SOM and the need for proper aural care and prompt treatment of SOM. Primary immunization of all eligible children as well as booster vaccination at appropriate time as an effective management strategy for tetanus is emphasized. (Source: International Journal of Biomedical Imaging)

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Tetanus in patients with chronic wounds – are we aware?

International Wound Journal — Mon, 19 Sep 2011 13:22:41 +0100

The incidence of tetanus in patients with wounds is unknown; however, recently concern has been raised over the proportion of tetanus cases in which a chronic wound is the portal of entry for Clostridium tetani. Varicose ulcers, dermatosis and necrosed tumours are estimated to be the point of entry for C. tetani spores in 11–14% of three cases. Of diabetic patients in the USA who contracted tetanus, a diabetic foot ulcer was responsible in 25% of cases despite this chronic wounds have yet to be considered as a risk factor for tetanus. An audit was undertaken and a survey devised to form the basis of the data collection to assess if patients with chronic wounds are up‐to‐date in accordance with the tetanus immunisation programme. Over a 5‐day period, the data were prospectively coll...

PENTACEL (Diphtheria And Tetanus Toxoids And Acellular Pertussis Adsorbed, Inactivated Poliovirus And Haemophilus B Conjugate (Tetanus Toxoid Conjugate) Vaccine) Kit [Sanofi Pasteur Inc.]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Mon, 19 Sep 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Sep 19, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Adverse events after Tetanus Toxoid, Reduced Diphtheria Toxoid and Acellular Pertussis (Tdap) Vaccine administered to adults 65 years of age and older reported to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 2005-2010.

Vaccine — Tue, 13 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: Our VAERS review of the 'off-label' use of Tdap vaccine in adults ≥65 years did not find any safety concerns that warrant further study. These data will provide useful baseline information to assist CDC and FDA with monitoring efforts as permissive recommendations for Tdap in older persons are adopted. PMID: 21920404 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine)

The Efficacy and Safety of the Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus 6/11/16/18 Vaccine Gardasil

Journal of Adolescent Health — Fri, 09 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection causes cervical cancer, a significant portion of anal, genital, and oropharyngeal cancers, genital warts, and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. In June 2006, a quadrivalent HPV-6/11/16/18 vaccine (Gardasil/Silgard) was licensed in the United States, and subsequently in the European Union (September 2006). It has since been approved in 121 countries, with >74 million doses distributed globally as of March 2011. As the incidence of HPV infection peaks 5–10 years after the onset of sexual activity, preadolescents and adolescents represent an appropriate target group to implement HPV vaccination programs so as to achieve the maximal public health benefit. In this article, we provide an overview of the prophylactic efficacy of the vaccine in ...

HPV Vaccination Rates Show Little Improvement in CDC Survey

AAFP Health of the Public — Wed, 07 Sep 2011 23:55:00 +0100

Increases in vaccination rates for human papillomavirus, or HPV, vaccine are lagging far behind the two other vaccines -- tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis and quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine -- specifically recommended for teens and preteens. Melinda Wharton, M.D., deputy director of the CDC's National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases said in an Aug. 25 news conference that one reason for the disparity is that some young patients and their parents are not getting a strong recommendation for HPV vaccine from their family physicians and pediatricians. (Source: AAFP Health of the Public)

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Compliance With Recommendations and Opportunities for Vaccination at Ages 11 to 12 Years: Evaluation of the 2009 National Immunization Survey-Teen [Article]

Archives of Pediatrics — Sun, 04 Sep 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Receipt of vaccines at the recommended ages of 11 to 12 years appears to be increasing; however, providers often do not administer all indicated vaccines during a vaccination visit. (Source: Archives of Pediatrics)

Spontaneous resolution of diphtheria–tetanus vaccine hypersensitivity in a pediatric population

Allergy — Thu, 01 Sep 2011 23:00:00 +0100

(Source: Allergy)

The impact of adolescent pertussis immunization, 2004-2009: lessons from Australia.

Bulletin of the World Health Organization — Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: If confirmed by longer experience in Australia and elsewhere, a broad school-based catch-up programme followed by immunization of school entrants may be the optimum strategy for the implementation of adolescent Tdap programmes. PMID: 21897487 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Bulletin of the World Health Organization)

NSW Annual Immunisation Coverage Report, 2010.

New South Wales Public Health Bulletin — Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Completion of the recommended immunisation schedule at the earliest appropriate age should be the next public health goal at both the state and local health district level. Official coverage assessments for 'fully immunised' should include the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate and meningococcal C vaccines, and wider dissemination should be considered. PMID: 22060056 [PubMed - in process] (Source: New South Wales Public Health Bulletin)

Use of Models to Identify Cost-effective Interventions: Pertussis Vaccination for Pediatric Health Care Workers

PEDIATRICS — Wed, 31 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS:The implementation of a hospital-based and funded diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis vaccine program administered through an occupational health program is cost-effective or cost-saving in the context of pediatric health care facilities in which many of the patients are at risk of serious morbidity and mortality should they acquire pertussis while hospitalized. (Source: PEDIATRICS)

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The impact of different doses of vitamin A supplementation on male and female mortality. A randomised trial from Guinea-Bissau.

BMC Pediatrics - Latest articles — Wed, 31 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Our sample size does not permit firm conclusions since mortality was lower than expected. We could not confirm a beneficial effect of a lower dose of VAS on mortality in girls.Trial registration: The study was registered under clinicaltrials.gov, number NCT00168636 (Source: BMC Pediatrics - Latest articles)

Tetanus vaccine: Lack of efficacy in an elderly patient, leading to death: case report

Reactions — Mon, 29 Aug 2011 14:09:06 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

Institute of Medicine adverse reactions report admits MMR vaccines cause measles, seizures, anaphylaxis and other health problems

NaturalNews.com — Sun, 28 Aug 2011 07:00:00 +0100

(NaturalNews) The Institute of Medicine, which has long functioned as a front group for the pharmaceutical industry and receives tens of millions of dollars in annual funding from drug companies and global elitists (like Bill Gates, Ted Turner, etc.), has issued a report that declares the MMR vaccine is not linked to autism. This is now being widely reported in the conventional (controlled) media, which isn't telling you the real story behind this report.What's the real story? That this IOM report, even though it goes out of its way to excuse vaccines and dismiss safety concerns, still openly admits that vaccines cause measles, febrile seizures, anaphylactic shock and other potentially fatal side effects. It also admits that other vaccines are linked to a whole host of bizarre side effects...

Diphtheria tetanus and pertussis vaccine: Myositis and sterile abscess in an infant: case report

Reactions — Sat, 27 Aug 2011 15:26:04 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

Teen HPV vaccination rate remains stable

Health News - UPI.com — Fri, 26 Aug 2011 03:32:37 +0100

ATLANTA, Aug. 25 (UPI) -- U.S. teen vaccination rates are rising for tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis, and for meningitis, but not for human papillomavirus, officials say. (Source: Health News - UPI.com)

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U.S expert panel report finds that vaccines are largely safe

NeLM - News — Thu, 25 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Source: Reuters Area: News Reuters features a story on a consensus report produced by The Institute of Medicine (IOM) in the United States (U.S). The IOM is an independent, non-profit organisation in the US which forms the health arm of the National Academy of Sciences. The report was commissioned by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services to help guide the Vaccine Injury Compensation Programme. A committee of the IOM was asked to review a list of adverse events associated with eight vaccines - varicella zoster, influenza (except 2009 H1N1), hepatitis B, HPV, MMR, hepatitis A, meningococcal, and those that contain tetanus - and evaluate the scientific evidence about the event-vaccine relationship. The IOM was not asked to assess the benefits or effectiveness of vaccines but on...

National and state vaccination coverage among adolescents aged 13 through 17 years --- United States, 2010.

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... — Thu, 25 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which found that coverage increased for all three of the routinely administered adolescent vaccines: Tdap from 55.6% to 68.7%, MenACWY from 53.6% to 62.7%, (among females) ≥1 dose of HPV from 44.3% to 48.7%, and ≥3 doses of HPV from 26.7% to 32.0%. Vaccination coverage varied widely among states; three states (Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Washington) had coverage of >65% for ≥1 dose of all three vaccines (Tdap, MenACWY, and HPV). Continued evaluation of vaccination-promoting initiatives, including state vaccination-financing policies, is needed to understand their impact on adolescent vaccination and to promote effective practices. PMID: 21866084 [PubMed - in process] (Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl...)

CDC Reports Teen Vax Rates Rising - HPV Lowest

About.com Pediatrics — Thu, 25 Aug 2011 12:56:09 +0100

Are teens receiving all of the vaccines they are supposed to get. According to the latest immunization schedule, teens should get: two doses of a meningococcal conjugate vaccine a tetanus, diphtheria, acellular pertussis (Tdap) booster three doses of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine an annual flu vaccine (a flu shot or nasal spray flu vaccine) ...Read Full Post (Source: About.com Pediatrics)

Local Vaccine Site Reactions and Contact Allergy to Aluminum

Pediatric Dermatology — Thu, 18 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

We report the case of a 6‐month‐old infant who developed subcutaneous nodules at the sites of his 4‐ and 6‐month Pentacel (DTaP/Hib/IPV, diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis, Haemophilus b conjugate, and inactivated poliovirus vaccine) and 6‐month Prevnar (heptavalent pneumococcal vaccine) injections. Infectious disease and immunodeficiency examinations were unremarkable. Aluminum contact allergy was considered, and contact allergy testing confirmed sensitivity to aluminum. Although rare, aluminum contact allergy after routine immunization can occur and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of persistent subcutaneous nodules after vaccination. (Source: Pediatric Dermatology)

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Severe Atopic Dermatitis and Transient Hypogammaglobulinemia in Children

Pediatric Dermatology — Thu, 18 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Abstract: We sought to describe the clinical outcomes of eight pediatric patients diagnosed with atopic dermatitis (AD) and hypogammaglobulinemia through retrospective review of medical records. All patients presented with severe facial AD. The mean and median ages of diagnosis of hypogammaglobulinemia were 6.2 months and 6.5 months, respectively, with a mean immunoglobulin G (IgG) level of 156 mg/dL. Seven of the eight patients identified in our search demonstrated simultaneous improvement in AD and serum IgG levels within 2 years of initial presentation, suggesting a diagnosis of transient hypogammaglobulinemia. The remaining patient demonstrated normalization by age 6, but no IgG levels had been measured between initial presentation and age 6. The five patients who were teste...

Seroprevalence of antibodies to pertussis and diphtheria among healthy adults in China

Journal of Infection — Tue, 16 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Our study indicated that about 5% of adults aged 18–50 years had positive anti-PT IgG antibodies, suggesting that adult pertussis is not uncommon in China. Although a high proportion of studied subjects had a protective level of immunity against diphtheria, the antibody level decreased with the increasing age of adults. Booster vaccinations against pertussis should be considered in adults in China. (Source: Journal of Infection)

Amputation of finger by horse bite with complete avulsion of both flexor tendons.

Orthopedics — Sat, 13 Aug 2011 16:16:12 +0100

This article describes a 23-year-old man with amputation of his middle finger at the level of the proximal phalanx after being bitten by a horse. The amputated stump was avulsed with the middle finger flexor digitorum profundus and flexor digitorum superficialis torn from the muscle-tendon junction from approximately the middle of the forearm. The patient had no other injuries, and he was able to move his other 4 fingers with only mild pain. As the amputated digit was not suitable for replantation, the wound was irrigated and debrided. The edges of the phalanx were trimmed, and the edges of the wound were sutured. Tetanus toxoid and rabies vaccine were administered, along with intravenous amoxicillin and clavulanic acid. The patient was discharged from the hospital 2 days later, with no si...

Anaphylactoid reaction to facial adder bite

Archives of Disease in Childhood — Wed, 10 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

A previously well 3-year-old boy was playing outside. His father found him holding aloft a snake recognisable as an adder, which was coiling around both forearms. He said "look" and the snake struck and bit him twice on the face (figure 1). The snake was thrown to the ground, but the boy did not express pain or distress. He was rushed to the local medical centre and on admission he was vomiting, wheezy and tachypnoeic with facial swelling. His general practitioner gave epinephrine and chlorpheniramine and transferred him immediately to a hospital. He was tachycardic (170 bpm), obtunded (Glasgow Coma Scale 10) and poorly perfused. A venous blood gas showed pH 7.23, pCO2 6.68 KPa, HCO3– 18 mmol/l, base excess –7.2 and lactate 4.4 mmol/l. Antivenom, ceftriaxone, tetanus vaccinatio...

A conformational change of C-fragment of tetanus neurotoxin reduced its ganglioside binding activity but did not destroy its immunogenicity.

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology — Tue, 02 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

In this study, we prepared and compared three types of monomeric TeNT-Hc with different conformational components: free sulfhydryls (50KD), sulfhydryls (44KD) and mixture of the two conformational proteins (half 50KD and half 44KD). The TeNT-Hc with sulfhydryls reduced its binding activity to ganglioside G(T1b) and neuronal cells PC-12 comparing with the TeNT-Hc with free sulfhydryls. However, there was no significant difference between their immunogenicities in mice, including anti-tetanus toxoid IgG titers inducing, antibody types and protective capacities against tetanus neurotoxin challenge. Our results showed that the conformational changes of TeNT-Hc resulting from disulfide bond formation reduced its ganglioside binding activity but did not destroy its immunogenicity and the protein...

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Comments on cow’s milk allergy and diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccines

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology — Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

To the Editor: Kattan et al report 8 episodes of anaphylaxis that occurred within 60 minutes of administration of DTaP or Tdap vaccines, all of which took place between 2007 and 2010 in children with IgE-mediated milk allergy, within the referral base of the Jaffe Food Allergy Institute in New York. The investigators note correctly that culture media for the commercial production of vaccines against Clostridium tetani, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, and Bordetella pertussis might be supplemented with amino acids derived from bovine milk hydrolysates and use inhibition ELISA data to suggest that 3 lots of DTaP vaccine (from 2 manufacturers) and 5 lots of Tdap vaccine (from 1 manufacturer) contain between 8.1 and 18.3 ng/mL allergenic casein-derived peptides, which were not detected in contr...

[Comment] Will the Decade of Vaccines mean business as usual?

LANCET — Fri, 29 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

In 2011, the story of immunisation coverage worldwide hovers between the glass half empty and the glass half full. Anticipated advances in vaccinology during this new Decade of Vaccines will only translate into reductions in global morbidity and mortality from targeted illnesses if fundamental restructuring means that the most marginalised countries (particularly in Africa and southeast Asia) gain access to new and established vaccines. Routine vaccine coverage and the introduction of new vaccines have increased enormously in the past 10 years, with 14·6 million more children receiving the routine diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccine in 2009 than in 2000. (Source: LANCET)

KINRIX (Diphtheria And Tetanus Toxoids And Acellular Pertussis Adsorbed And Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine) Injection, Suspension [GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Wed, 27 Jul 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Jul 27, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Diphtheria tetanus and pertussis vaccine: Papulopustular eruption in an infant: case report

Reactions — Sun, 24 Jul 2011 19:59:43 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

Boostrix (Tetanus Toxoid, Reduced Diphtheria Toxoid and Acellular Pertussis Vaccine, Adsorbed) - updated on RxList

RxList - New and Updated Drug Monographs — Thu, 21 Jul 2011 07:00:00 +0100

Boostrix (Tetanus Toxoid, Reduced Diphtheria Toxoid and Acellular Pertussis Vaccine, Adsorbed) drug description - FDA approved labeling for prescription drugs and medications at RxList (Source: RxList - New and Updated Drug Monographs)

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Hiding behind health

MSF News — Wed, 20 Jul 2011 14:14:00 +0100

By Christopher Stokes, MSF General Director Recent headlines worldwide reported on the U.S. government’s use of a fake vaccination program for counter-terrorism purposes. Using medical aid as a camouflage for military advantage threatens the lives of patients in the most precarious and embattled places worldwide. Whether this story is true or not, the damage is already done once the slightest suspicion arises that a medical activity like a vaccination campaign may have any motive other than healthcare provision. In countries like Pakistan, humanitarian aid organizations have struggled to gain access and acceptance within communities already skeptical of the motives of any outside assistance. Providing healthcare to people in volatile and often remote areas requires painstaking daily wor...

Impaired Humoral Response to Vaccines Among HIV-Exposed Uninfected Infants.

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology — Tue, 19 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Abramczuk BM, Mazzola TN, Moreno YM, Zorzeto TQ, Quintilio W, Wolf PS, Blotta MH, Morcillo AM, da Silva MT, Vilela MM Little is known about the vaccine protective response for infants born from HIV-infected mothers. We evaluated the antibody response to hepatitis B, tetanus and diphtheria vaccine in vertically HIV-exposed uninfected infants and compared them with control infants not exposed to the virus. Quantitative determination of specific neutralizing antibodies against hepatitis B, diphtheria and tetanus were performed blindly on serum samples. The results showed 6.7% of the HIV-exposed uninfected individuals were non-responders to hepatitis B vaccine (anti-HBs < 10 mIU/mL) and 64.4% were very good responders (anti-HBs ≥ 1000 mIU/mL), whereas only 3.6% of the not exp...

FDA Approves Boostrix To Prevent Tetanus, Diphtheria, And Pertussis In Older People

Health News from Medical News Today — Tue, 19 Jul 2011 08:00:00 +0100

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved Boostrix vaccine to prevent tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis (whooping cough) in people ages 65 and older. Currently, there are vaccines approved for the prevention of tetanus and diphtheria that can be used in adults 65 and older. Boostrix, which is given as a single-dose booster shot, is the first vaccine approved to prevent all three diseases in older people. Tetanus can cause paralysis and is caused by bacteria that live in soil, dust, and manure. The bacteria usually enter the body through a deep cut... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Randomized Multicenter Trial of the Effects of Melanoma-Associated Helper Peptides and Cyclophosphamide on the Immunogenicity of a Multipeptide Melanoma Vaccine [Immunotherapy]

Journal of Clinical Oncology — Sun, 17 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion Melanoma-associated helper peptides paradoxically decreased CD8+ T-cell responses to a melanoma vaccine (P < .001), and CY pretreatment had no immunologic or clinical effect. Prior work showed immunologic and clinical activity of 6MHP alone. Possible explanations for negative effects on CD8 responses include modulation of homing receptor expression or induction of antigen-specific regulatory T cells. (Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology)

Elderly get whooping cough vaccine

Health News - UPI.com — Wed, 13 Jul 2011 04:59:15 +0100

PHILADELPHIA, July 13 (UPI) -- The U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved the vaccine Boostrix against tetanus, diphtheria and whooping cough for those age 65 and older, officials say. (Source: Health News - UPI.com)

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Risk of rheumatoid arthritis following vaccination with tetanus, influenza and hepatitis B vaccines among persons 15-59 years of age.

Vaccine — Tue, 12 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: In this large retrospective study we found no statistically significant association between exposure to hepatitis B vaccine and onset of RA. A possible association between RA and influenza vaccination in the cohort study was not borne out in the larger case-control analysis. PMID: 21763385 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine)

BOOSTRIX (Tetanus Toxoid, Reduced Diphtheria Toxoid And Acellular Pertussis Vaccine, Adsorbed) Suspension [GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Tue, 12 Jul 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Jul 12, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Breaking news: FDA approves Boostrix to help prevent whooping cough in older adults

Drug Topics - Pharmacy News — Mon, 11 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

FDA has approved Boostrix [Tetanus Toxoid, Reduced Diphtheria Toxoid, and Acellular Pertussis Vaccine, Adsorbed (Tdap); GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals] for use in adults aged 65 years and older for active booster immunization against tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis (whooping cough). This approval makes Boostrix the first Tdap vaccine approved for use by this age group. (Source: Drug Topics - Pharmacy News)

Boostrix Approved to Prevent Tetanus, Diptheria and Whooping Cough in Seniors

Pulmonary Medicine News - Doctors Lounge — Mon, 11 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

First single vaccine to prevent all 3 diseases in elderly (Source: Pulmonary Medicine News - Doctors Lounge)

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GlaxoSmithKline Receives FDA Approval for Boostrix to Help Prevent Whooping Cough in Adults 65 Years and Older

Drugs.com - Pharma News — Mon, 11 Jul 2011 19:07:23 +0100

NEW YORK, July 8, 2011 /PRNewswire/ -- The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved BOOSTRIX® [Tetanus Toxoid, Reduced Diphtheria Toxoid, and Acellular Pertussis Vaccine, Adsorbed (Tdap)] for use in adults 65 years of age and older... (Source: Drugs.com - Pharma News)

FDA approves Boostrix to prevent tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis in older people

Drugs.com - New Drug Approvals — Mon, 11 Jul 2011 12:07:37 +0100

July 8, 2011 - The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today approved Boostrix vaccine to prevent tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis (whooping cough) in people ages 65 and older. Currently, there are vaccines approved for the prevention... (Source: Drugs.com - New Drug Approvals)

Breaking news: FDA approves Boostrix to help prevent whooping cough in older adults

Drug Topics - Top News — Sun, 10 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Triple Vaccine Boostrix Approved For Senior Patients By US FDA

Health News from Medical News Today — Sun, 10 Jul 2011 00:00:00 +0100

The FDA (US Food and Drug Administration) has approved the triple vaccine "Boostrix" - for tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis (whooping cough) - for individuals aged 65+ years. Boostrix is made by GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals. This is the first triple vaccine for older patients. Before Boostrix's approval, available multiple vaccines only protected against tetanus and diphtheria. Boostrix is given as a single booster shot. Tetanus - caused by a bacterium that lives in the soil, manure, and dust, it enters the human body usually through a deep cut and paralyses the infected person... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

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GlaxoSmithKline Receives FDA Approval For BOOSTRIX® To Help Prevent Whooping Cough In Adults 65 Years And Older

Health News from Medical News Today — Sat, 09 Jul 2011 07:00:00 +0100

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved BOOSTRIX® [Tetanus Toxoid, Reduced Diphtheria Toxoid, and Acellular Pertussis Vaccine, Adsorbed (Tdap)] for use in adults 65 years of age and older for active booster immunization against tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis (whooping cough). This approval makes BOOSTRIX the first Tdap vaccine approved for use in this age group. With this expanded indication, BOOSTRIX is now approved for use as a single dose in individuals 10 years of age and older the broadest age range for any Tdap vaccine... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

FDA Approves Tdap Booster for SeniorsFDA Approves Tdap Booster for Seniors

Medscape Today Headlines — Sat, 09 Jul 2011 00:12:05 +0100

The tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) booster vaccine marketed as Boostrix has received expanded approval to include adults aged 65 and older. Medscape Medical News (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

FDA approves Boostrix to prevent tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis in older people

Food and Drug Administration — Fri, 08 Jul 2011 20:32:00 +0100

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today approved Boostrix vaccine to prevent tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis (whooping cough) in people ages 65 and older. (Source: Food and Drug Administration)

FDA Approves Boostrix To Prevent Tetanus, Diphtheria, And Pertussis In Older People

Pharmaceutical Online News — Fri, 08 Jul 2011 04:52:00 +0100

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today approved Boostrix vaccine to prevent tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis (whooping cough) in people ages 65 and older. (Source: Pharmaceutical Online News)

FDA approves GSK's Boostrix DPT vaccine for older people

Modern Medicine — Thu, 07 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

BANGALORE (Reuters) - U.S. health regulators approved the use of GlaxoSmithKline's vaccine to prevent tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis in people aged 65 and older. (Source: Modern Medicine)

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Infant Pertussis Epidemiology and Implications for Tetanus Toxoid, Reduced Diphtheria Toxoid, and Acellular Pertussis (Tdap) Vaccination: King County, Washington, 2002 Through 2007 [Article]

Archives of Pediatrics — Sun, 03 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions The burden of infant pertussis in King County, Washington, was high between 2002 and 2007, especially among racial/ethnic minorities. Tdap vaccination of eligible household members and close contacts should be promoted as an additional means of protecting infants from pertussis. (Source: Archives of Pediatrics)

[Comment] Group B streptococcal vaccine for resource-poor countries

LANCET — Fri, 01 Jul 2011 20:28:31 +0100

Neonatal deaths, which occur mostly in resource-poor countries during the first week of life, constitute 41% of the 8·8 million deaths in children aged less than 5 years worldwide. Sepsis and pneumonia cause about a third of neonatal deaths. Maternal immunisation—the prevention cornerstone of neonatal tetanus and influenza programmes—has untapped potential to protect neonates from other infectious diseases. Group B streptococcal vaccines are uniquely suited to maternal immunisation in view of the substantial perinatal morbidity and mortality, particularly in the first 48 h of life. (Source: LANCET)

A report of two pediatric tetanus cases.

The Turkish Journal of Pediatrics — Fri, 01 Jul 2011 04:00:00 +0100

In this report, we highlight the importance of obtaining a history of the vaccination status of pediatric patients as an essential part of the evaluation. Furthermore, the differential diagnosis of non-immunized children with abdominal rigidity should include generalized tetanus. PMID: 21980847 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The Turkish Journal of Pediatrics)

ACIP Recommends Tdap for Pregnant Women, Removal of Egg Allergy as Flu Vaccine Contraindication

AAFP Health of the Public — Wed, 29 Jun 2011 22:25:00 +0100

The CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, or ACIP, made two provisional recommendations during its June 22-23 meeting in Atlanta that could significantly alter the way family physicians approach tetanus, diphtheria and acellular pertussis, or Tdap, vaccination and seasonal influenza vaccination in certain patient groups. (Source: AAFP Health of the Public)

Impact of early life exposures to geohelminth infections on the development of vaccine immunity, allergic sensitization, and allergic inflammatory diseases in children living in tropical Ecuador: the ECUAVIDA birth cohort study

BMC Infectious Diseases — Tue, 28 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

DiscussionThe study will provide information on the potential effects of early exposures to geohelminths (during pregnancy and the first 2 years of life) on the development of vaccine immunity and allergy. The data will inform an ongoing debate of potential effects of geohelminths on child health and will contribute to policy decisions on new interventions designed to improve vaccine immunogenicity and protect against the development of allergic diseases. Trial registration: Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN41239086. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases)

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Biochemical and biological characteristics of cross-reacting material 197 (CRM(197)), a non-toxic mutant of diphtheria toxin: Use as a conjugation protein in vaccines and other potential clinical applications.

Sun, 26 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Bröker M, Costantino P, Detora L, McIntosh ED, Rappuoli R The biochemical and biological characteristics of CRM(197) are reviewed. Polysaccharide protein conjugate vaccines represent an important technological advancement that allowed for protection against dangerous diseases in vulnerable populations such as infants. The first carrier proteins, diphtheria and tetanus toxoids, were chosen in the context of an extensive body of information describing their immunogenicity and safety profiles in clinical use. These carriers perform well, and they require detoxification. A non-toxic mutant of diphtheria toxin, cross-reacting material 197 (CRM(197)), is a useful carrier protein with several manufacturing and other potential advantages over toxoids. For over a decade, several impor...

ACIP: Give Tdap During Pregnancy (CME/CE)

MedPage Today Infectious Disease — Thu, 23 Jun 2011 20:59:12 +0100

(MedPage Today) -- Pregnant women should receive the tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis vaccine (Tdap) during the late second trimester or third trimester rather than immediately after delivery, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended on Wednesday. (Source: MedPage Today Infectious Disease)

Milk Allergy Tied to Rare Childhood Vaccine AnaphylaxisMilk Allergy Tied to Rare Childhood Vaccine Anaphylaxis

Medscape Allergy Headlines — Wed, 22 Jun 2011 23:01:17 +0100

Very rarely, residual casein in vaccines against tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis may provoke anaphylaxis, according to a recent report. Reuters Health Information (Source: Medscape Allergy Headlines)

Milk allergy tied to rare childhood vaccine anaphylaxis

Modern Medicine — Mon, 20 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - Very rarely, residual casein in vaccines against tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis may provoke anaphylaxis, according to a recent report. (Source: Modern Medicine)

Intranasal immunization with recombinant PspA fused with a flagellin enhances cross-protective immunity against Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in mice.

Vaccine — Sun, 12 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

In this study, we have tested whether intranasal immunization with recombinant fusion proteins consisted of PspA and FlaB (PspA-FlaB and FlaB-PspA) is able to elicit more efficient protective mucosal immune responses against pneumococcal infection than immunization with PspA alone or with a stoichiometric mixture of PspA and FlaB. When mice were intranasally immunized with fusion proteins, significantly higher levels of anti-PspA IgG and IgA were induced in serum and mucosal secretions. The mice immunized intranasally with the FlaB-PspA fusion protein were the most protected from a lethal challenge with live S. pneumoniae, as compared to the mice immunized with PspA only, a mixture of PspA and FlaB, or the PspA-FlaB fusion protein. FlaB-PspA also induced a cross protection against heterolo...

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[Infantile bullous pemphigoid developing after hexavalent, meningococcal and pneumococcal vaccinations.]

Anales de Pediatria — Sun, 12 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

We present a 3-month-old girl with a blistering eruption on her palms and soles, and urticarial plaques on trunk, and face, 3 weeks after vaccine at two months (hepatitis B, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, Haemophilus influenzae B, meningococcal C, pneumococcus). The clinical course worsened with vaccinations at 4 and 6 months. The control of lesions was achieved with oral deflazacort 1mg/kg/day, with a gradual decrease until 3 months of therapy. The patient is still in remission after 8 months of follow-up. Bullous pemphigoid has been connected with some drugs and vaccinations, 1 day to 4 weeks after receiving immunization. Although the exact mechanism of induction is unclear, this case report has a visible relationship with vaccinations. PMID: 21676664 [PubMed - as supplied by...

The influence of molecular adjuvants in the cutaneous response to antigen after topical vaccination.

Vaccine — Sat, 11 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Himes R, Lee S, McMenigall K, Russell-Jones G A micro-emulsion (ME), previously shown to enable topical delivery of therapeutic amounts of protein, was used for immunisation of multiple strains of mice with tetanus toxoid (TT). Topical vaccination with TT alone induced low levels of serum antibody in the BALB/c and A/J strains, with C57Bl/6 the only strain capable of a significant TT-specific antibody response. Topical vaccination with TT in combination with murabutide and monophosphoryl lipid A adjuvant generated high humoral and cellular responses in both C57Bl/6 and the non-responsive strain, BALB/c, comparable to intramuscular injection with TT adsorbed to Alum adjuvant. High level immunity after topical administration with chemical adjuvants suggested that the poor respon...

Summer Is A Good Time For Moms To Learn About Certain Diseases That Can Affect Their Preteen And Teen

Health News from Medical News Today — Sat, 11 Jun 2011 07:00:00 +0100

Preteens and teens are at risk for certain diseases, including human papillomavirus (HPV), meningococcal disease (meningitis), pertussis (whooping cough) and tetanus. With kids soon out of school, summer is a good time for moms to talk with their child's healthcare provider about ways to help prevent these diseases. A recent survey, conducted online on behalf of Merck by Harris Interactive from March 29-31, 2011 and April 4-6, 2011 among 346 moms of children aged 11-18, found that 86 percent of moms are aware that preteens and teens are at risk for contracting certain diseases... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Experts predict meningitis B vaccine

NHS News Feed — Fri, 10 Jun 2011 18:00:00 +0100

News stories have extensively covered the possibility of a vaccine that could offer “new hope in the war on meningitis”. The Daily Mail said that the “first vaccine against deadly meningitis B will be available within months”, and The Independent said that the vaccine will offer “80% protection against the main causes of meningitis”. The news stories come in response to a series of articles on vaccines published in the medical journal The Lancet. The articles discussed the likely developments in vaccine biology and discovery expected over the coming years. The series follows a pledge from the charitable Gates Foundation in 2010 that called for a new “decade of vaccines” to help protect the vulnerable against disease and suffering. The foundation estimates that if vaccine co...

Adult Immunizations: Update on Recommendations

The American Journal of Medicine — Tue, 07 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Abstract: The Advisory Committee for Immunization Practices recommends universal influenza vaccination for 2010-2011. Older adults should be offered protection against herpes zoster, and younger adults should receive immunization against human papilloma virus and pertussis. Hepatitis B vaccination should be encouraged in non-immune adults. Recommendations also address vaccinations for tetanus/diphtheria, hepatitis A, pneumococcus, measles/mumps/rubella, and meningococcus. (Source: The American Journal of Medicine)

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Texas Physicians Urge Governor to Protect Babies

News_Room — Tue, 07 Jun 2011 05:00:00 +0100

TMA physicians are calling on Gov. Rick Perry to sign new legislation aimed at protecting the tiniest among us from a deadly disease. House Bill 3336 requires doctors and other health care providers to give mothers of newborns information on pertussis before they leave the hospital, including the recommendation that they get the tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis (Tdap) vaccine just after the baby is born. (Source: News_Room)

DNA fusion vaccines enter the clinic

Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy — Sun, 05 Jun 2011 05:44:52 +0100

Abstract Induction of effective immune attack on cancer cells in patients requires conversion of weak tumor antigens into strong immunogens. Our strategy employs genetic technology to create DNA vaccines containing tumor antigen sequences fused to microbial genes. The fused microbial protein engages local CD4+ T cells to provide help for anti-tumor immunity, and to reverse potential regulation. In this review, we focus on induction of CD8+ T cells able to kill target tumor cells. The DNA vaccines incorporate tumor-derived peptide sequences fused to an engineered domain of tetanus toxin. In multiple models, this design induces strong CD8+ T-cell responses, able to suppress tumor growth. For clinical relevance, we have used “humanized” mice expressing HLA-A2, successfully...

A comparative study to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of two lots of Haemophilus influenzae type-B conjugate vaccine manufactured at different scales.

Vaccine — Fri, 03 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: SII HibP(RO) vaccines manufactured in small and industrial scale are equally immunogenic, safe and confer adequate seroprotection to infants of 6-14 weeks of age. Scaling up production process has not affected the safety and immune response in the target population. PMID: 21651947 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine)

Vaccination coverage among children in kindergarten --- United States, 2009--10 school year.

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... — Thu, 02 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

This report summarizes data from school assessment surveys submitted to CDC by 48 federal immunization program grantees (including 47 states and the District of Columbia) for the 2009--10 school year to describe vaccination coverage and exemption rates (2). For that period, 17 grantees reported coverage of ?95% for four vaccines (poliovirus, DTP/DTaP/DT, MMR, and HepB) and four grantees reported coverage of ≥95% for 2 doses of varicella vaccine. Total exemption rates, including medical, religious, and philosophical exemptions, ranged from <1% to 6.2% across grantees, and 15 grantees reported exemption rates <1%. Survey methods for vaccination coverage and exemption rates varied among grantees, making comparisons difficult and limiting the use of school assessment surveys to report ...