MedWorm: Whooping Cough (Pertussis) Vaccine

Immunogenicity and Tolerability of Recombinant Serogroup B Meningococcal Vaccine Administered With or Without Routine Infant Vaccinations According to Different Immunization Schedules: A Randomized Controlled Trial [Original Contribution]

JAMA — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion A 4CMenB vaccine is immunogenic against reference strains when administered with routine vaccines at 2, 4, and 6 or at 2, 3, and 4 months of age, producing minimal interference with the response to routine infant vaccinations. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00721396 (Source: JAMA)

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Changes to Tdap, HPV, Hepatitis B Vaccine Recommendations Among 2012 Schedule Highlights

AAFP Health of the Public — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 21:00:00 +0100

More than a dozen changes are reflected in the CDC's 2012 child, adolescent and adult immunization schedules. Developed in conjunction with the AAFP and other groups, several of the 2012 changes are especially pertinent to family physicians, according to the AAFP's liaison to the CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, Jamie Loehr, M.D., of Ithaca, N.Y. "Some of the most important changes for family physicians in the 2012 immunization schedules involve the tetanus, diphtheria and acellular pertussis vaccine for pregnant women and health care personnel, as well as the hepatitis B vaccine for patients with diabetes," Loehr told AAFP News Now (Source: AAFP Health of the Public)

Pertussis Pseudo-outbreak Linked to Specimens Contaminated by Bordetella pertussis DNA From Clinic Surfaces

PEDIATRICS — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Pertussis is a poorly controlled vaccine-preventable disease. Verifying outbreaks is challenging owing to nonspecific clinical presentations and imperfect diagnostic tests. Exclusive reliance on highly sensitive polymerase chain reaction has been associated with pseudo-outbreaks. Contamination of specimens with vaccine derived Bordetella pertussis DNA from pediatric clinic surfaces likely resulted in misdiagnoses. Standard practices, liquid transport medium, and lack of polymerase chain reaction cutoffs for discerning weakly positive (contaminant) DNA are contributory, but modifiable factors. (Read the full article) (Source: PEDIATRICS)

The Risk of Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura After Vaccination in Children and Adolescents

PEDIATRICS — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: ITP is unlikely after early childhood vaccines other than MMR. Because of the small number of exposed cases and potential confounding, the possible association of ITP with hepatitis A, varicella, and tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis vaccines in older children requires further investigation. (Source: PEDIATRICS)

Pertussis Pseudo-outbreak Linked to Specimens Contaminated by Bordetella pertussis DNA From Clinic Surfaces

PEDIATRICS — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: A summer pertussis pseudo-outbreak, multifactorial in cause, likely occurred. Recommendations beyond standard practice were made to providers on specimen collection and environmental cleaning, and to laboratories on standardizing PCR protocols and reporting results, to minimize false-positive results from contaminated clinical specimens. (Source: PEDIATRICS)

Improving the Quality of Immunization Delivery to an At-Risk Population: A Comprehensive Approach

PEDIATRICS — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: We were able to implement a comprehensive immunization QI program that was sustainable over time. (Source: PEDIATRICS)

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Vaccination coverage among medical residents in Paris, France

Clinical Microbiology and Infection — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractMedical residents are particularly exposed to the risk of occupational infection. We aimed to determine the vaccination coverage in residents with an anonymous self‐reporting electronic questionnaire. A total of 250 residents entered this survey. Vaccination rates were particularly high for mandatory vaccinations (diphtheria, tetanus, poliomyelitis, hepatitis B virus and tuberculosis). Regarding recommended vaccinations (influenza 45.6%, pertussis 65.2%, measles 62.8%, varicella 62.8%), rates were insufficient to prevent hospital epidemics, but higher than those reported in other healthcare workers. Further immunization programmes should target residents, and not only senior healthcare workers, with a critical role for occupational medicine departments. (Source: Clinical Microbio...

Notes from the Field : Use of Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Pertussis Vaccine (Tdap) in an Emergency Department — Arizona, 2009–2010

CDC Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 21:16:36 +0100

(Source: CDC Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report)

Notes from the field : use of tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis vaccine (tdap) in an emergency department - Arizona, 2009-2010.

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Abstract Because of an increasing incidence of reported pertussis cases attributed to waning immunity among adults and adolescents, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) in 2005 recommended administration of a new, combined tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis vaccine (Tdap) for adolescents and adults aged 11-64 years. ACIP recommended that they receive a single dose of Tdap to replace tetanus and diphtheria toxoid vaccine (Td) for booster immunization against tetanus and diphtheria if they had not previously received Tdap. Adults aged ≥65 years were to receive Td according to ACIP recommendations. To learn whether these age-specific recommendations were being followed in an emergency department (ED), the charts of a samp...

No Whooping Cough Deaths In California In 2011

Health News from Medical News Today — Wed, 25 Jan 2012 17:00:00 +0100

There were no reported cases of whooping cough deaths in the State of California in 2011, says the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) - the first time this has occurred in two decades. Californian health officials say this is due to three factors: 1. Higher vaccination rates. 2. Greater awareness of the disease, and 3. Faster diagnoses of sick patients. 48.5 million people are thought to become ill with Bordetella pertussis (whooping cough) each year globally, of which approximately 295,000 die from the diseases, according to WHO (World Health Organization)... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Health Highlights: Jan. 25, 2012

Primary Care News - Doctors Lounge — Wed, 25 Jan 2012 15:58:00 +0100

Psychiatrists Debate Classifying Grief as Treatable Disorder No Whooping Cough Deaths in California Last Year Cancer Vaccine Trial Begins Less Salt, More Grains, Veggies in School Lunches: USDA Studies Show Link Between Brown Fat and Cold and Exercise Insulated Lunch Boxes and Thermal Food Carriers Recalled (Source: Primary Care News - Doctors Lounge)

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Vaccination program credited in fight against whooping cough

Los Angeles Times - Science — Wed, 25 Jan 2012 08:00:00 +0100

Urging Californians to remain vigilant, officials announce that the state recorded no deaths in 2011 for the first time in two decades. Cases also fell sharply from 2010. Facing an epidemic of whooping cough that led to the deaths of 10 infants in 2010, California public health officials launched a massive vaccination effort and public awareness campaign about the disease. (Source: Los Angeles Times - Science)

Selection and emergence of pertussis toxin promoter ptxP3 allele in the evolution of Bordetella pertussis.

Infection, Genetics and Evolution — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Lam C, Octavia S, Bahrame Z, Sintchenko V, Gilbert GL, Lan R Abstract Evolutionary studies using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have separated Bordetella pertussis isolates into six major clusters, with recent isolates forming cluster I. The expansion of cluster I isolates was characterised by changes in genes encoding antigenic components in acellular vaccines, including pertactin (Prn). Here we determined the initial emergence of the pertussis toxin promoter ptxP3 allele from an evolutionary perspective. This allele was previously shown in a study from the Netherlands to be associated with increased pertussis toxin production as a result of a single base mutation in the ptxP. The ptxP region of 313 worldwide isolates was sequenced, including 208 isolates from Aus...

Whooping Cough in Adults: An Update on a Reemerging Infection

The American Journal of Medicine — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 23:45:00 +0100

This article describes the recent epidemiologic shifts and reviews the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of pertussis. New vaccination recommendations by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices in response to recent outbreaks and infant deaths are highlighted. (Source: The American Journal of Medicine)

The seroepidemiology of pertussis in NSW: fluctuating immunity profiles related to changes in vaccination schedules.

New South Wales Public Health Bulletin — Sun, 22 Jan 2012 04:06:58 +0100

Authors: Quinn HE, Mahajan D, Hueston L, Campbell P, Menzies RI, Gilbert GL, McIntyre PB Abstract The pertussis epidemic experienced in NSW in 2008-2009 was likely to be in part due to changes in diagnostic practice since 2007, which amplified disease notifications. We used population-based seroepidemiology as a less biased means of interpreting age-specific pertussis infection patterns in NSW from three serosurveys undertaken in 1997-98 (during an epidemic), 2002 (post-epidemic) and 2007 (inter-epidemic), using a standardised pertussis toxin IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). There was a decrease in the proportion of high anti-pertussis toxin IgG titres (>62.5ELISAUnits/mL) across all age groups in the 2007 serosurvey compared to the previous two serosurveys. In the...

[Assessment of primary care physicians' adherence to the national childhood vaccination schedule.]

Archives de Pediatrie — Wed, 18 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: The level of physicians' knowledge about the vaccination schedule in children was insufficient in northern France, especially for pertussis and measles. This can decrease vaccination coverage levels as well as its beneficial effects for children. PMID: 22264997 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Archives de Pediatrie)

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Pertussis vaccine: Dravet syndrome onset in infants: 9 case reports

Reactions — Fri, 13 Jan 2012 23:22:43 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

Two Decades of Experience With the Haemophilus influenzae Serotype b Conjugate Vaccine in the United Kingdom.

Clinical Therapeutics — Wed, 11 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Control of Hib disease is currently the best that has been achieved since the introduction of the routine Hib vaccination almost 20 years ago. PMID: 22244051 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical Therapeutics)

Early Impact of the US Tdap Vaccination Program on Pertussis Trends [Article]

Archives of Pediatrics — Wed, 11 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Changes in pertussis incidence in the United States from 2005 to 2009 revealed a divergence between 11- to 18-year-olds and other age groups, suggesting that targeted use of Tdap among adolescents reduced disease preferentially in this age group. Increased Tdap coverage in adolescents and adults is needed to realize the full direct and indirect benefits of vaccination. (Source: Archives of Pediatrics)

A need for careful evaluation of endotoxin contents in acellular pertussis-based combination vaccines.

Tue, 10 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Kataoka M, Ochiai M, Yamamoto A, Horiuchi Y Abstract Two batches each of diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP) and that combined with inactivated polio vaccine purchased from foreign markets were tested by mouse body weight decreasing (BWD) toxicity test and Limulus amaebocyte lysate (LAL) test. Three out of the four imported vaccine batches showed the levels of BWD toxicity even comparable to that of DT-whole cell pertussis vaccine. BWD toxicity test is based on endotoxin dose-dependent weight loss of mice and has been used for controlling endotoxin in DTaP. Although of the strong BWD toxicity of the imported vaccines, there was no marked difference in LAL test results between the imported vaccines and Japanese DTaP. However, one imported DTaP batch showed...

Recommended or mandatory pertussis vaccination policy in developed countries: Does the choice matter?

Public Health — Mon, 09 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The choice of vaccination strategy is based on the national history of pertussis infection, the safety of available whole-cell vaccines and the willingness of health authorities to introduce acellular vaccines into routine use. The strategies adopted in the UK and the USA are two contrasting examples of immunization policies developed on the basis of different epidemiological backgrounds. They attest to the various associations between the type of pertussis vaccine and the type of universal vaccination strategies that can be undertaken for successful pertussis control. The introduction of a mandatory policy generally takes place during a period of low vaccination coverage, and is vindicated by the need for a rapid increase in immunization uptake. Countries that have already su...

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A genomics-based approach to assessment of vaccine safety and immunogenicity in children.

Vaccine — Fri, 06 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: White OJ, McKenna KL, Bosco A, van den Biggelaar A, Richmond P, Holt PG Abstract Immune responses to vaccines in infants and young children are typically Th2-biased, giving rise to concerns regarding potential atopy-like side effects, and antagonism of Th1-associated sterilising immunity. Conventional immunological methodology has limited capacity to effectively address these problems because of the inherent complexity of the immune responses involved. In the present study, we sought to develop an unbiased systems biology approach to elucidate superficially similar Th2-associated responses to paediatric vaccines and allergens, and to differentiate between them via gene coexpression network analysis. We demonstrate below that in immune responses to the diptheria/acellular p...

Antigen-specific responses assessment for the evaluation of Bordetella pertussis T cell immunity in humans.

Vaccine — Fri, 06 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

The objective of this study was to identify simplified methods to assess pertussis specific T cell responses and verify if these assays could be performed using frozen/thawed (frozen) PBMC. Three read-outs to measure proliferation were compared: the fluorescent dye 5,6-carboxylfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE) dilution test, the number of blast cells defined by physical parameters, and the incorporation of (3)H-thymidine. The results of pertussis-specific assays performed on fresh PBMC were compared to the results on frozen PBMC from the same donor. High concordance was obtained when the results of CFSE and blast read-outs were compared, an encouraging result since blast analysis allows the identification of proliferating cells and does not require any use of radioactive trac...

Measles control in Sub-Saharan Africa: South Africa as a case study.

Vaccine — Fri, 06 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: The heterogeneity in measles vaccination coverage across SA districts challenges the goal of measles elimination in SA and SSA. The reduction in routine immunization coverage associated with the occurrence of SIAs raises the legitimate concern that SIAs may negatively impact health systems' functioning. PMID: 22230581 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine)

[Relationship between precariousness, social coverage, and vaccine coverage: Survey among children consulting in pediatric emergency departments in France.]

Archives de Pediatrie — Wed, 04 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: Poor children living in southern France had significant delays in their routine immunizations, resulting in gaps in their protection. Every medical visit, even those conducted in an emergency ward, should identify children with immunization delays and offer a catch-up schedule if necessary. PMID: 22226013 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Archives de Pediatrie)

Health Department: Whooping Cough on the Rise in New York City, Poses Threat to Infants

RWJF News Digest - Public Health — Tue, 03 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

There’s been a three-fold increase in whooping cough cases in the city, and officials are urging anyone who cares for a baby to get vaccinated. (Source: RWJF News Digest - Public Health)

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Antibody levels against B. pertussis in neonates measured in dried blood spots.

Vaccine — Tue, 03 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: Maternal IgG-PT against B. pertussis measured in cord blood applied to Guthrie cards and calibrated against blood spot calibrators show good agreement with measurement of IgG-PT in cord serum. This offers new perspectives for future studies concerning B. pertussis antibodies. PMID: 22227147 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine)

Vaccination coverage in Haiti: Results from the 2009 National Survey.

Vaccine — Tue, 03 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Coverage for early-infant vaccines was high; however, most children did not complete their full vaccination series, and many children received vaccinations later than recommended. Efforts to improve the vaccination program should include increasing the frequency of outreach services, training for vaccination staff to minimize missed opportunities, and better communicating the timing of vaccinations to encourage caregivers to bring their children for vaccinations at the recommended age. Efforts to promote the benefits of vaccination and card retention are also needed. PMID: 22227146 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine)

Early Impact of the US Tdap Vaccination Program on Pertussis Trends [Article]

Archives of Pediatrics — Mon, 02 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Assessment of serologic immunity to diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis after treatment of korean pediatric hematology and oncology patients.

J Korean Med Sci — Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Kwon HJ, Lee JW, Chung NG, Cho B, Kim HK, Kang JH Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis antibody titers after antineoplastic treatment and to suggest an appropriate vaccination approach for pediatric hemato-oncologic patients. A total of 146 children with either malignancy in remission after cessation of therapy or bone marrow failure were recruited. All children had received routine immunization including diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis vaccination before diagnosis of cancer. The serologic immunity to diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis was classified as: completely protective, partially protective, or non-protective. Non-protective serum antibody titer for diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis was detected in 6.2%, 11.6%, and...

Accelerating control of pertussis in England and wales.

Emerging Infectious Diseases — Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Campbell H, Amirthalingam G, Andrews N, Fry NK, George RC, Harrison TG, Miller E Abstract Results of an accelerated pertussis vaccination schedule for infants introduced in 1990 in England and Wales were examined. Earlier scheduling and sustained high vaccine coverage resulted in fewer reported cases of pertussis among infants, reinforcing the World Health Organization drive for on-time completion of the infant vaccination schedule. As determined by using the screening method, the first dose of vaccine was 61.7% effective in infants <6 months of age, and effectiveness increased with subsequent doses. Three doses of a good whole-cell pertussis vaccine were 83.7% effective in children 10-16 years of age; a preschool booster vaccination further reduced pertussis incidence ...

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Cocooning to protect the herd — of newborns

Health Facts and Fears — Wed, 28 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Babies have to wait until they’re at least six weeks old to get the DTaP vaccine, which protects them from tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis (whooping cough). Thus, during these early weeks of life, their undeveloped immune systems make them especially vulnerable to these illnesses. (Source: Health Facts and Fears)

Assessment of a Mandatory Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Pertussis Vaccination Requirement on Vaccine Uptake over Time

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue — Thu, 15 Dec 2011 23:20:02 +0100

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, Volume 33, Issue 1, Page 81-83, January 2012. (Source: Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue)

Updated Case Counts

About.com Pediatrics — Wed, 14 Dec 2011 17:44:55 +0100

Some updated case counts of vaccine-preventable diseases (not all pediatric) include: at least 223 reported cases of measles for the year, the most since 1996 120 pediatric flu deaths from the 2010-2011 flu season, an increase from the previous total of 118 deaths to include two deaths that were recently reported to the CDC 7 cases of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) 168 cases of invasive meningococcal disease types A, C, Y, and W-135 1,078 cases of hepatitis A 2,315 cases of hepatitis B 13,188 cases of pertussis (whooping cough) ...Read Full Post (Source: About.com Pediatrics)

Destruction of immunobiologicals and their disposal

Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases — Thu, 08 Dec 2011 22:39:20 +0100

This study comprises a descriptive, exploratory and retrospective work that employed search of bibliographic data, collection of secondary data from forms of immunobiologicals disposal and interview of the agent responsible for the disposal of these products in the municipality. It was observed that the total numbers of unused vaccines in 2008 and 2009 were similar (4523 and 4395, respectively), being the most discarded: the diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis (DTP) vaccine in 2008 and DTP, BCG and influenza in 2009. It was found that the amount of discarded vaccines could be reduced since the reasons for that were predictable. Moreover, the current study emphasized that although there is a municipal regulation for the disposal of immunobiologicals, the city still requires a better structure...

Influenza vaccine and adjuvant.

Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan — Thu, 08 Dec 2011 01:48:02 +0100

Authors: Nakayama T Abstract Adjuvant is originated from the Latin word "adjuvare" which means "help" in English to enhance the immunological responses when given together with antigens. The beginning of adjuvant was mineral oil which enhanced the immune response when it was given with inactivated Salmonella typhimurium. Aluminium salt was used to precipitate diphtheria toxoid and increased level of antibody response was demonstrated when administered with alum-precipitated antigens. Since 1930, aluminium salt has been used as DTaP (diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis vaccine) adjuvant. Many candidates were tested for adjuvant activity but only aluminum salt is allowed to use for human vaccines. New adjuvant MF59, oil-in-water emulsion type, was developed for influenza vaccine f...

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Adolescent Vaccination-Coverage Levels in the United States: 2006-2009

PEDIATRICS — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Adolescent vaccination coverage is increasing but could be improved. Strategies are needed to increase parental knowledge about adolescent vaccines and improve provider recommendation and administration of all vaccines during the same visit. (Source: PEDIATRICS)

Washington State Pediatricians' Attitudes Toward Alternative Childhood Immunization Schedules

PEDIATRICS — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Washington State pediatricians are regularly being asked to use ACISs, and most of them are comfortable using them if requested. Pediatricians are least willing to delay H influenzae type b vaccine, diphtheria-tetanus toxoids-acellular pertussis vaccine, and pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, which suggests prioritization of immunizations that protect against potentially devastating bacterial infections of infancy and early childhood. (Source: PEDIATRICS)

Towards universal health coverage: the role of within-country wealth-related inequality in 28 countries in sub-Saharan Africa.

Bulletin of the World Health Organization — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: The contribution of wealth-related inequality to the child and maternal health service coverage gap differs by country and type of health service, warranting case-specific interventions. Targeted policies are most appropriate where high within-country wealth-related inequality exists, and whole-population approaches, where the health-service coverage gap is high in all quintiles. PMID: 22271945 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Bulletin of the World Health Organization)

Use of Clinical Decision Support to Increase Adult Tdap Vaccination Rates (Grant Greenberg MD, MA)

Family Medicine Digital Resources Library (FMDRL) Recently Uploaded — Wed, 30 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conference on Practice Improvement 2011 Paper presentation Slides. Reviews Clinical Decision Support System and its role in successfully improving Tetanus, Diptheria, acellular Pertussis immunization rates in a Family Medicine Patient Population. (Source: Family Medicine Digital Resources Library (FMDRL) Recently Uploaded)

Get your booster vaccine: Whooping cough spreads across Long Island

Health Facts and Fears — Wed, 30 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Today’s breaking news is not good: An outbreak of whooping cough (pertussis) that began in one Long Island town in June has spread to more than a dozen districts in Suffolk County. (Source: Health Facts and Fears)

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A Prospective Evaluation of an Australian Pertussis Toxin IgG and IgA Enzyme Immunoassay.

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology — Wed, 30 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions:Cut-offs of >94 IU/mL for IgG-anti-PT and >20 IU/mL for IgA-anti-PT correlated well with recent pertussis infection, and were consistent with recent recommendations from the EU Pertstrain group. IgG-anti-PT was superior to IgA-anti-PT as the test of choice for the diagnosis of pertussis from a single sample. PMID: 22131356 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology)

Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Pertussis (Tdap) Vaccines in Pregnant WomenTetanus, Diphtheria, and Pertussis (Tdap) Vaccines in Pregnant Women

Medscape Today Headlines — Wed, 30 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Are vaccines, such as Tdap, safe for pregnant women? And, if so, at what point in the pregnancy should they be vaccinated? Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

Pertussis: The Continuing ScourgePertussis: The Continuing Scourge

Medscape Today Headlines — Mon, 28 Nov 2011 14:25:00 +0100

Despite a half century of an effective vaccine, pertussis cases are on the rise. What is going on? Medscape Pediatrics (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

Comparative Study of Different Sources of Pertussis Toxin (PT) as Coating Antigens in IgG Anti-PT ELISAs.

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology — Wed, 23 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Kapasi A, Meade BD, Plikaytis B, Pawloski L, Martin MD, Yoder S, Rock MT, Coddens S, Haezebroeck V, Fievet-Groyne F, Bixler G, Jones C, Hildreth S, Edwards KM, Messonnier NE, Tondella ML Abstract In an effort to improve the reliability and reproducibility of serological assays for Bordetella pertussis, a collaborative study was conducted to compare four different sources of pertussis toxin (PT) as coating antigens in the immunoglobulin G (IgG) anti-PT enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Four sources of PT were used as coating antigens in the IgG anti-PT ELISA in four different testing laboratories (Labs A-D) to determine if the different antigen preparations and different laboratories influenced assay results. A panel of 60 sera consisting of de-identified human spe...

Adolescent Pertussis Vaccination vs Natural InfectionsAdolescent Pertussis Vaccination vs Natural Infections

Medscape Today Headlines — Tue, 22 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

How long does the immunity last for adolescents who receive a booster vaccination of pertussis? Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

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Bordetella Pertussis IgG and IgA Antibodies Seroprevalence Among 1–35 y-old Population: The Role of Subclinical Pertussis Infection

Indian Journal of Pediatrics — Mon, 21 Nov 2011 18:06:13 +0100

Conclusions The present study reveals, vaccine induced immunity has decreased among school-aged children and natural pertussis infection is common among adolescent and young adults. Also, asymptomatic/sub-clinical recent pertussis infection was prevalent among studied population. These findings necessitate developing new strategies to reduce and control pertussis infection in Iran. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-5DOI 10.1007/s12098-011-0593-8Authors Mohammed-Jafar Saffar, Department of Pediatric infectious diseases, Bouali-Cina Hospital, Pasdaran Boulevard, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IranAli-Reza Khalilian, Department of Biostatics, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IranAli-Reza Rafee, Department of ...

The diagnosis of pertussis: which method to choose?

Critical Reviews in Microbiology — Mon, 21 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

In this report, we aimed to review current knowledge about the available diagnostic methods and tests that accurately diagnose pertussis. PMID: 22103249 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology)

Make sure teens get all vaccines at once

Modern Medicine Contemporary Pediatrics — Thu, 17 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Teenagers are much more likely to be up-to-date on their immunizations if all vaccinations are administered at 1 visit. Pediatricians need to do more to make that happen. That’s the recommendation of a study that found that coverage with the meningococcal conjugate vaccine; the tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis vaccine; and the human papillomavirus vaccine was increasing for adolescents but could be improved. What do researchers recommend you do to enhance vaccination rates? (Source: Modern Medicine Contemporary Pediatrics)

TDAP vaccine: It’s not just for kids

Health Facts and Fears — Wed, 16 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Most grown-ups think about the TDAP vaccine (against tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis), if at all, only when they glance over childhood immunization records, and forget about it thereafter. Yet the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is now advising older adults to think again. (Source: Health Facts and Fears)

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Global routine vaccination coverage, 2010.

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... — Fri, 11 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

This report summarizes the status of vaccination coverage globally and regionally in 2010 and progress toward meeting the GIVS goal. In 2010, 130 (67%) countries had achieved 90% DTP3 coverage, and an estimated 85% of infants worldwide had received at least 3 doses of DTP vaccine. However, 19.3 million children were not fully vaccinated and remained at risk for diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis and other vaccine-preventable causes of morbidity and mortality; approximately 50% of these children live in India, Nigeria, and the Democratic Republic of Congo. Despite the overall improvement in vaccination coverage during the past 37 years, routine vaccination programs need to be strengthened globally, especially in countries with the greatest numbers of unvaccinated children. PMID: 2207159...

The New Old Age Blog: A Neglected Vaccine

NYT Health — Wed, 09 Nov 2011 17:35:58 +0100

Older adults should receive the T.D.A.P. vaccine if they will be in contact with infants, according to new government guidelines. (Source: NYT Health)

Immediate versus as-needed acetaminophen for post-immunisation pyrexia.

Annals of Tropical Paediatrics — Sun, 06 Nov 2011 18:40:02 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Routine prophylactic acetaminophen after DPT vaccination was effective in reducing the frequency of fever and irritability in the initial 6 hours. However, given that a similar number of doses of acetaminophen was required in both groups, it seems inappropriate to expose all infants receiving DPT vaccination to the possible adverse effects of routine administration of acetaminophen. PMID: 22041468 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Annals of Tropical Paediatrics)

DTaP(5)-IPV-Hib Vaccine (Pediacel®).

Paediatric Drugs — Thu, 03 Nov 2011 11:01:28 +0100

Authors: Frampton JE Abstract Pediacel® is a fully liquid formulation of a diphtheria, tetanus, five-component acellular pertussis, inactivated poliovirus and Haemophilus influenzae type b combination vaccine, which does not require reconstitution. Both vial and prefilled syringe presentations of Pediacel® are available for use in the EU. In active-controlled clinical trials, primary and/or booster vaccination with Pediacel® was highly immunogenic, eliciting strong and sustained serologic responses against all its component toxoids/antigens when administered according to a variety of different schedules. In particular, pivotal studies showed that Pediacel® was generally similar and/or noninferior to reconstituted pentavalent and hexavalent diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular per...

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FDA Approval of Expanded Age Indication for a Tetanus Toxoid, Reduced Diphtheria Toxoid, and Acellular Pertussis Vaccine [From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]

JAMA — Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

(Source: JAMA)

Update on immunizations in adults.

American Family Physician — Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Vaughn JA, Miller RA Abstract Vaccine-preventable diseases contribute significantly to the morbidity and mortality of U.S. adults. The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention updates its recommended adult immunization schedule annually. The most recent updates include the permissive but not routine use of the quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine to prevent genital warts in males; a single dose of herpes zoster vaccine for adults 60 years and older, regardless of their history; replacing a single dose of tetanus and diphtheria toxoids (Td) vaccine with tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine in adults 19 years and older who have not previously received Tdap; expanding the indications for pneumoc...

Gianotti–Crosti Syndrome Following Childhood Vaccinations

Pediatric Dermatology — Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Abstract: A 19‐month‐old boy was evaluated for a skin eruption after recent vaccinations. Clinical and histopathologic findings supported a diagnosis of Gianotti–Crosti syndrome (GCS). This case report examines the link between GCS and vaccinations, particularly the diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccine and the varicella virus live vaccine. (Source: Pediatric Dermatology)

[Health care workers' knowledge and vaccination coverage against pertussis in a French pediatric and maternity ward.]

Archives de Pediatrie — Sat, 29 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Vic P, Puech J PMID: 22041593 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Archives de Pediatrie)

Longitudinal analysis of antibody response to immunization in paediatric survivors after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation

British Journal of Haematology — Mon, 24 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

SummaryThe long‐term antibody responses to re‐immunization in recipients of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT) have not been well studied. We prospectively and longitudinally evaluated the antibody responses to eight vaccine antigens (diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, measles, mumps, rubella, hepatitis B, and poliovirus) and assessed the factors associated with negative titres in 210 allo‐HSCT recipients at St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital. Antibody responses lasting for more than 5 years after immunization were observed in most patients for tetanus (95·7%), rubella (92·3%), poliovirus (97·9%), and, in diphtheria‐tetanus‐acellular pertussis (DTaP) recipients, diphtheria (100%). However, responses to pertussis (25·0%), measles (66·7%), mu...

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Updated Recommendations for Tdap Include Pregnant WomenUpdated Recommendations for Tdap Include Pregnant Women

Medscape Today Headlines — Fri, 21 Oct 2011 22:09:59 +0100

Vaccine to prevent pertussis recommended for pregnant women during the second trimester and for people in contact with infants. Medscape Medical News (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

Updated Recommendations for Use of Tetanus Toxoid, Reduced Diphtheria Toxoid and Acellular Pertussis Vaccine (Tdap) in Pregnant Women and Persons Who Have or Anticipate Having Close Contact with an Infant Aged

CDC Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report — Fri, 21 Oct 2011 20:51:11 +0100

(Source: CDC Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report)

Pregnant women should get Tdap vaccine

Health News - UPI.com — Fri, 21 Oct 2011 00:59:47 +0100

ATLANTA, Oct. 20 (UPI) -- Women who are pregnant are advised to get vaccinated with the Tdap vaccine against tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis, U.S. health officials say. (Source: Health News - UPI.com)

Tdap in Pregnancy - New Recommendations

About.com Pediatrics — Thu, 20 Oct 2011 12:00:32 +0100

Pertussis, or whooping cough, is a life-threatening vaccine-preventable disease that has unfortunately been on the rise lately. The CDC reports that there have been about 3,055 cases and 19 deaths each year in infants since 2004. That number sounds high, but should perhaps not be unexpected considering that there were over 27,000 cases in 2010. That includes just over 9,000 cases in California alone, where there were 10 infant deaths in 2010....Read Full Post (Source: About.com Pediatrics)

US Hospital Requirements for Pertussis Vaccination of Healthcare Personnel, 2011

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue — Wed, 19 Oct 2011 21:26:03 +0100

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Ahead of Print. (Source: Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue)

[Current events in vaccination.]

Archives de Pediatrie — Wed, 19 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Aubert M, Aumaître H, Beytout J, Bloch K, Bouhour D, Callamand P, Chave C, Cheymol J, Combadière B, Dahlab A, Denis F, De Pontual L, Dodet B, Dommergues MA, Dufour V, Gagneur A, Gaillat J, Gaudelus J, Gavazzi G, Gillet Y, Gras-le-Guen C, Haas H, Hanslik T, Hau-Rainsard I, Larnaudie S, Launay O, Lorrot M, Loulergue P, Malvy D, Marchand S, Picherot G, Pinquier D, Pulcini C, Rabaud C, Regnier F, Reinert P, Sana C, Savagner C, Soubeyrand B, Stephan JL, Strady C Abstract The annual meeting of the Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA) ; which brought together nearly 5000 participants from over 80 countries in Vancouver, Canada, October 21 to 24, 2010 ; provided a review of the influenza (H1N1) 2009 pandemic, evaluated vaccination programmes and presented new vacci...

A Mid-Term Assessment of Progress towards the Immunisation Coverage Goal of the Global Immunisation Vision and Strategy (GIVS)

BMC Public Health - Latest articles — Fri, 14 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Progress towards GIVS goals highlights improvements in routine immunization coverage, yet it is troubling to observe priority countries with little or no progress during the past five years. These results highlight that further efforts are needed to achieve and maintain the global immunization coverage goals. (Source: BMC Public Health - Latest articles)

Antibody persistence at 18-20months of age and safety and immunogenicity of a booster dose of a combined DTaP-IPV//PRP∼T vaccine compared to separate vaccines (DTaP, PRP∼T and IPV) following primary vaccination of healthy infants in the People's Republic of China.

Vaccine — Fri, 14 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

This study assessed the antibody persistence, and the immunogenicity and safety of a booster dose of a DTaP-IPV//PRP∼T (Pentaxim(®), Sanofi Pasteur's AcXim family) combined vaccine and of standalone vaccines one year after primary vaccination in the People's Republic of China. Participants (N=719) previously primed with DTaP-IPV//PRP∼T at 2, 3, 4months (Group A, N=255), 3, 4, 5months (Group B, N=233), or DTaP (Wuhan Institute of Biological Products), PRP-T (Act-Hib(®)) and IPV (Imovax(®) Polio) at 3, 4, 5months (Group C, N=231) received boosters of the same vaccines at 18-20months of age. Seroprotection (SP) and seroconversion (SC) were determined before and 1month after the booster. Safety was monitored from parental reports. In all groups 87.6-100% of participants had pre-booster ...

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Pertussis vaccine/tetanus vaccine: Macrophagic myofasciitis due to aluminium hydroxide adjuvant?: case report

Reactions — Wed, 12 Oct 2011 06:03:59 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

Specificity and detection limit of a dermal temperature histamine sensitization test for absence of residual pertussis toxin in vaccines.

Wed, 12 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Jensen SE, Engelhart Illigen KE, Badsberg JH, Hasløv KR Abstract Currently, an assay based on fatal sensitization of mice to histamine challenge is widely used for testing absence of residual pertussis toxin in acellular pertussis containing vaccines. For replacement of this lethal end-point assay, an alternative method based on body temperature measurement in mice has been presented, and in this study the specificity and detection limit of a dermal temperature-based assay were assessed. Test preparations containing pertussis toxin were prepared in aluminum-adjuvanted pertussis toxoid vaccine and injected intraperitoneally in histamine sensitive mice. Later the mice were challenged with histamine and the pertussis toxin-induced decrease in dermal temperature recorded. By ...

Severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy (Dravet syndrome): Clinical and genetic features of nine Turkish patients

Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology — Tue, 11 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions : Dravet syndrome can be result of several different types of mutation in SCN1A gene. Onset of the seizures after pertussis vaccination is an important clue for the diagnosis and neuro- developmental delay should be expected in all patients. (Source: Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology)

New AAP policy statements issued on vaccines

Modern Medicine Contemporary Pediatrics — Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

New policy statements from the American Academy of Pediatrics provide recommendations on use of hepatitis A, varicella, poliovirus, and the tetanus toxoid, reduced content diphtheria toxoid, and aceullular pertussis (Tdap) vaccines. (Source: Modern Medicine Contemporary Pediatrics)

Additional Recommendations for Use of Tetanus Toxoid, Reduced-Content Diphtheria Toxoid, and Acellular Pertussis Vaccine (Tdap)

PEDIATRICS — Fri, 30 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

The American Academy of Pediatrics and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention are amending previous recommendations and making additional recommendations for the use of tetanus toxoid, reduced-content diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis vaccine (Tdap). Review of the results from clinical trials and other studies has revealed no excess reactogenicity when Tdap is given within a short interval after other tetanus- or diphtheria-containing toxoid products, and accrual of postmarketing adverse-events reports reveals an excellent safety record for Tdap. Thus, the recommendation for caution regarding Tdap use within any interval after a tetanus- or diphtheria-containing toxoid product is removed. Tdap should be given when it is indicated and when no contraindication exists. In fur...

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Health Tip: Who Needs a Whooping Cough Vaccine?

The Doctors Lounge - Infections — Wed, 28 Sep 2011 12:00:00 +0100

Here are some guidelines (Source: The Doctors Lounge - Infections)

NHS immunisation statistics for England for 2010-11 published

NeLM - News — Wed, 28 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Source: NHS Information Centre Area: News NHS Networks has published immunisation statistics for England for the period 2010-2011. The following key results have been identified (taken directly from source): . Reported coverage figures for all routine childhood vaccinations reported through the Cover of Vaccination Evaluated Rapidly (COVER) programme in 2010-11 showed an increase at national level. Most regions also reported increases in coverage for routine childhood vaccinations. Although London reported increases, coverage figures for this Strategic Health Authority (SHA) remain lower than for other regions. . For children reaching their second birthday, coverage of Diphtheria, Tetanus, Polio, Pertussis and Haemophilus influenzae type b (DTaP/IPV/Hib) in 2010-11 wa...

Experts revise guidelines for whooping cough vaccination

USATODAY.com Health — Mon, 26 Sep 2011 15:46:25 +0100

Revised recommendations for the use of Tdap vaccine to protect against pertussis ("whooping cough") in older children and adults have been r ... (Source: USATODAY.com Health)

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Experts Revise Guidelines for Whooping Cough Vaccination

The Doctors Lounge - Infections — Mon, 26 Sep 2011 14:00:00 +0100

Recent re-emergence of the illness is behind changes to Tdap shot (Source: The Doctors Lounge - Infections)

More Aggressive Whooping Cough Vaccine Use AdvisedMore Aggressive Whooping Cough Vaccine Use Advised

Medscape Today Headlines — Mon, 26 Sep 2011 04:01:59 +0100

Among other changes in recommendations, the AAP and the CDC have removed their previous minimum interval between administering a tetanus or diphtheria vaccine and the Tdap. Medscape Medical News (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

Experts Revise Guidelines for Whooping Cough Vaccination

RWJF News Digest - Public Health — Mon, 26 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Revised recommendations for the use of Tdap vaccine to protect against pertussis ("whooping cough") in older children and adults have been released by the American Academy of Pediatrics and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (Source: RWJF News Digest - Public Health)

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Video: Calif. mandates whooping cough vaccine for students

Health News: CBSNews.com — Sun, 25 Sep 2011 02:18:18 +0100

California issued a statewide mandate for students to get the TDAP shot - a whooping cough vaccine - following a deadly outbreak of the disease last year. And, as John Blackstone reports, not everyone is falling willingly into line. (Source: Health News: CBSNews.com)

FDA Approval of Expanded Age Indication for a Tetanus Toxoid, Reduced Diphtheria Toxoid and Acellular Pertussis Vaccine

CDC Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report — Sat, 24 Sep 2011 00:04:14 +0100

(Source: CDC Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report)

Pertussis Booster for Those Age 65-Plus

Drugs.com - Pharma News — Fri, 23 Sep 2011 13:09:10 +0100

September 23, 2011 -- The U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved the Tdap vaccine -- tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis or whooping cough -- in those age 65 and older. The report, published in the Centers of Disease Control... (Source: Drugs.com - Pharma News)

Pertussis booster for those age 65-plus

Health News - UPI.com — Fri, 23 Sep 2011 05:26:54 +0100

ATLANTA, Sept. 23 (UPI) -- The U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved the Tdap vaccine -- tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis or whooping cough -- in those age 65 and older. (Source: Health News - UPI.com)

FDA approval of expanded age indication for a tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid and acellular pertussis vaccine.

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... — Fri, 23 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Abstract On July 8, 2011, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved an expanded age indication for the tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid and acellular pertussis vaccine (Tdap) Boostrix (GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, Rixensart, Belgium). Originally, Boostrix was licensed in 2005 for persons aged 10 through 18 years, but in 2008, FDA approved an expanded age indication for Boostrix to include persons aged 19 through 64 years. FDA has now expanded the age indication to include persons aged 65 years and older. Boostrix is now licensed for use in persons aged 10 years and older as a single-dose booster vaccination. This notice summarizes the indications for use of Boostrix. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) for Tdap vaccin...

Pertussis Vaccine May Not Give Long-Term ProtectionPertussis Vaccine May Not Give Long-Term Protection

Medscape Pulmonary Medicine Headlines — Thu, 22 Sep 2011 22:13:44 +0100

A study suggests protection from the vaccine may lessen after 3 years. WebMD Health News (Source: Medscape Pulmonary Medicine Headlines)

Whooping cough vaccine wanes sooner, leaves gap in protection

Modern Medicine — Thu, 22 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Children vaccinated against whooping cough according to national guidelines may not retain protection as long as was previously believed, even after receiving appropriate boosters. Read the surprising results of a recent study here. (Source: Modern Medicine)

ICAAC: Whooping Cough Vaccine May Lose Power (CME/CE, with video)

MedPage Today Meeting Coverage — Wed, 21 Sep 2011 14:00:00 +0100

CHICAGO (MedPage Today) -- Vaccine protection against pertussis may wane sharply for children more than three years after their last booster, potentially leaving some middle-schoolers at risk for the disease, a researcher reported here. (Source: MedPage Today Meeting Coverage)

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Whooping Cough Vaccine May Not Give Long-Term Protection

eMedicineHealth.com — Wed, 21 Sep 2011 07:00:00 +0100

(Source: eMedicineHealth.com)

Differences in the genomic content of Bordetella pertussis isolates before and after introduction of pertussis vaccines in four European countries.

Infection, Genetics and Evolution — Wed, 21 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

In this study, we compared the genomes of 39 vaccine strains and old clinical isolates (isolated 1940-1984) collected from Finland (n=5), Poland (n=14), Serbia (n=10) and the UK (n=10). The analysis included genotyping, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and comparative genomic hybridisation (CGH). Compared to the strain Tohama I, the European isolates analyzed have lost three major regions of difference (RD3, 5 and 29). However, difference in frequency of the absent RDs 3 (BP0910A-BP0934), 5 (BP1135-BP1141) or 29 (BP1225) was observed among isolates from the four countries. Of the isolates with absent RD5, half had also a duplicated region in the genome. All four RDs (RD22 (BB0535-BB0541), 23 (BB0916-BB0921), 24 (BB1140-BB1158) and 26 (BB4880-BB4888)) absent in Tohama I were present ...

Whooping Cough Vaccine May Not Give Long-Term Protection

WebMD Health — Tue, 20 Sep 2011 21:24:42 +0100

The protection provided by the vaccine against whooping cough may wane after only about three years, a preliminary study suggests. (Source: WebMD Health)

Whooping cough vaccine can fail after 3 years: study

CTV Health — Mon, 19 Sep 2011 18:14:46 +0100

The vaccine against whooping cough falters after only about three years, a preliminary study suggests, adding support to school rules requiring kids to get the vaccination periodically. (Source: CTV Health)

Study: Whooping cough vaccination fades in three years

USATODAY.com Health — Mon, 19 Sep 2011 15:59:18 +0100

A preliminary study suggests the vaccine against whooping cough falters after only about three years. (Source: USATODAY.com Health)

Whooping cough vaccine works short-term, study says

CTV Health — Mon, 19 Sep 2011 15:51:38 +0100

A preliminary study suggests the vaccine against whooping cough falters after only about three years, adding support to school rules requiring kids to get the vaccination periodically. (Source: CTV Health)

PENTACEL (Diphtheria And Tetanus Toxoids And Acellular Pertussis Adsorbed, Inactivated Poliovirus And Haemophilus B Conjugate (Tetanus Toxoid Conjugate) Vaccine) Kit [Sanofi Pasteur Inc.]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Mon, 19 Sep 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Sep 19, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

California schools turn away unvaccinated students

USATODAY.com Health — Fri, 16 Sep 2011 20:22:06 +0100

California schools are turning away middle and high school students who have not received the whooping cough vaccine. (Source: USATODAY.com Health)

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Protecting Infants From PertussisProtecting Infants From Pertussis

Medscape Today Headlines — Tue, 13 Sep 2011 15:00:00 +0100

Pertussis is again rearing its ugly head as incompletely vaccinated infants become exposed to infected caregivers. What is the solution for this dilemma? Medscape Pediatrics (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

Adverse events after Tetanus Toxoid, Reduced Diphtheria Toxoid and Acellular Pertussis (Tdap) Vaccine administered to adults 65 years of age and older reported to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 2005-2010.

Vaccine — Tue, 13 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: Our VAERS review of the 'off-label' use of Tdap vaccine in adults ≥65 years did not find any safety concerns that warrant further study. These data will provide useful baseline information to assist CDC and FDA with monitoring efforts as permissive recommendations for Tdap in older persons are adopted. PMID: 21920404 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine)

The Efficacy and Safety of the Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus 6/11/16/18 Vaccine Gardasil

Journal of Adolescent Health — Fri, 09 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection causes cervical cancer, a significant portion of anal, genital, and oropharyngeal cancers, genital warts, and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. In June 2006, a quadrivalent HPV-6/11/16/18 vaccine (Gardasil/Silgard) was licensed in the United States, and subsequently in the European Union (September 2006). It has since been approved in 121 countries, with >74 million doses distributed globally as of March 2011. As the incidence of HPV infection peaks 5–10 years after the onset of sexual activity, preadolescents and adolescents represent an appropriate target group to implement HPV vaccination programs so as to achieve the maximal public health benefit. In this article, we provide an overview of the prophylactic efficacy of the vaccine in ...

Pertussis in infancy and the association with respiratory and cognitive disorders at toddler age.

Vaccine — Thu, 08 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: de Greeff SC, van Buul LW, Westerhof A, Wijga AH, van de Kassteele J, Oostvogels B, van der Maas NA, Mooi FR, de Melker HE Abstract Pertussis in unvaccinated infants can run a severe course and is often accompanied by complications. In this pilot study, we studied whether there is an association between pertussis hospitalisation in infancy and, respiratory symptoms, growth and cognitive development in early childhood. A group of 89 children aged 13-45 months and hospitalised for laboratory confirmed pertussis within the first six months of their life were compared with 172 children without a history of pertussis. Risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the association between health outcomes and pertussis in infancy were calculated. Weight-for-length and len...

HPV Vaccination Rates Show Little Improvement in CDC Survey

AAFP Health of the Public — Wed, 07 Sep 2011 23:55:00 +0100

Increases in vaccination rates for human papillomavirus, or HPV, vaccine are lagging far behind the two other vaccines -- tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis and quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine -- specifically recommended for teens and preteens. Melinda Wharton, M.D., deputy director of the CDC's National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases said in an Aug. 25 news conference that one reason for the disparity is that some young patients and their parents are not getting a strong recommendation for HPV vaccine from their family physicians and pediatricians. (Source: AAFP Health of the Public)

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Pertussis Resurgence in Toronto, Canada: A Population-Based Study including Test-Incidence Feedback Modeling

BMC Public Health - Latest articles — Tue, 06 Sep 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Toronto's recent surge in pertussis reflects a true increase in local disease activity; the apparent size of the outbreak has likely been magnified by increasing use of pertussis testing by clinicians, and by improved test sensitivity since 2005. These findings may be applicable to changes in pertussis epidemiology that have been noted elsewhere in North America. (Source: BMC Public Health - Latest articles)

Compliance With Recommendations and Opportunities for Vaccination at Ages 11 to 12 Years: Evaluation of the 2009 National Immunization Survey-Teen [Article]

Archives of Pediatrics — Sun, 04 Sep 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Receipt of vaccines at the recommended ages of 11 to 12 years appears to be increasing; however, providers often do not administer all indicated vaccines during a vaccination visit. (Source: Archives of Pediatrics)

Acellular vaccines for preventing pertussis in children.

American Family Physician — Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Bailey J PMID: 21888301 [PubMed - in process] (Source: American Family Physician)

The impact of adolescent pertussis immunization, 2004-2009: lessons from Australia.

Bulletin of the World Health Organization — Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: If confirmed by longer experience in Australia and elsewhere, a broad school-based catch-up programme followed by immunization of school entrants may be the optimum strategy for the implementation of adolescent Tdap programmes. PMID: 21897487 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Bulletin of the World Health Organization)

Pediatricians Push Tdap More Than Ob.Gyns.

Ob.Gyn. News — Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Major Finding: Pregnant women were significantly more likely to receive information on pertussis vaccination from their pediatrician than from their obstetrician (24% vs. 17%). (Source: Ob.Gyn. News)

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[Development of a time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay for detecting S1 subunit of pertussis toxin and its application].

Journal of Southern Medical University — Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: The TRFIA for detecting PT S1 subunit is simple, sensitive and rapid for quality control of the PT vacccine. PMID: 21945754 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of Southern Medical University)

NSW Annual Immunisation Coverage Report, 2010.

New South Wales Public Health Bulletin — Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Completion of the recommended immunisation schedule at the earliest appropriate age should be the next public health goal at both the state and local health district level. Official coverage assessments for 'fully immunised' should include the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate and meningococcal C vaccines, and wider dissemination should be considered. PMID: 22060056 [PubMed - in process] (Source: New South Wales Public Health Bulletin)

NSW Annual Vaccine-Preventable Disease Report, 2010.

New South Wales Public Health Bulletin — Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: With the exception of pertussis, most vaccine-preventable disease notifications remain low in NSW. Ensuring high levels of vaccination for travellers is important to prevent future outbreaks of vaccine-preventable disease, particularly measles. PMID: 22060055 [PubMed - in process] (Source: New South Wales Public Health Bulletin)

Use of Models to Identify Cost-effective Interventions: Pertussis Vaccination for Pediatric Health Care Workers

PEDIATRICS — Wed, 31 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS:The implementation of a hospital-based and funded diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis vaccine program administered through an occupational health program is cost-effective or cost-saving in the context of pediatric health care facilities in which many of the patients are at risk of serious morbidity and mortality should they acquire pertussis while hospitalized. (Source: PEDIATRICS)

Alleged Cases of Vaccine Encephalopathy Rediagnosed Years Later as Dravet Syndrome

PEDIATRICS — Wed, 31 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

We present here the cases of 5 children who presented for epilepsy care with presumed parental diagnoses of alleged vaccine encephalopathy caused by pertussis vaccinations in infancy. Their conditions were all rediagnosed years later, with the support of genetic testing, as Dravet syndrome. We hope that these cases will raise awareness of Dravet syndrome among health care providers who care for children and adolescents and aid in earlier recognition and diagnosis. (Source: PEDIATRICS)

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Use of Models to Identify Cost-effective Interventions: Pertussis Vaccination for Pediatric Health Care Workers

PEDIATRICS — Wed, 31 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

No randomized trial data are available that support the effectiveness of pertussis vaccination of health care workers for outbreak prevention. Dynamic models for health economic evaluation have been described by several authors but have not been widely used.A novel mathematical model that incorporated analysis of effectiveness and costs was applied to a program of health care worker pertussis vaccination. Projections obtained from this model indicated that booster vaccination of pediatric health care workers is a highly cost-effective or cost-saving intervention even at low levels of coverage. (Read the full article) (Source: PEDIATRICS)

The impact of different doses of vitamin A supplementation on male and female mortality. A randomised trial from Guinea-Bissau.

BMC Pediatrics - Latest articles — Wed, 31 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Our sample size does not permit firm conclusions since mortality was lower than expected. We could not confirm a beneficial effect of a lower dose of VAS on mortality in girls.Trial registration: The study was registered under clinicaltrials.gov, number NCT00168636 (Source: BMC Pediatrics - Latest articles)

CDC supports administration of pertussis vaccine during pregnancy [NEWS AND FEATURES]

AAP News — Tue, 30 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

(Source: AAP News)

Identification of a new protective antigen of Bordetella pertussis.

Vaccine — Tue, 30 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Alvarez Hayes J, Erben E, Lamberti Y, Ayala M, Maschi F, Carbone C, Gatti B, Parisi G, Rodriguez ME Abstract Antigenic proteins whose expression is induced under iron starvation, an environmental condition that bacterial pathogens have to face during colonization, might be potential candidates for improved vaccine. By mean of immune proteomics we identified novel antigens of Bordetella pertussis maximally expressed under iron limitation. Among them, Bp1152 (named as IRP1-3) showed a particularly strong reaction with human IgG purified from pooled sera of pertussis-infected individuals. Computer analysis showed IRP1-3 as a dimeric membrane protein potentially involved in iron uptake. Experimental data revealed the surface-exposure of this protein and showed its increase und...

Diphtheria tetanus and pertussis vaccine: Myositis and sterile abscess in an infant: case report

Reactions — Sat, 27 Aug 2011 15:26:04 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

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Back to school health checklist

NaturalNews.com — Sat, 27 Aug 2011 07:00:00 +0100

(NaturalNews) Packing lunch for school can be hard on parents. I suggest you sit down with your kids and make a list of things they want to eat in their lunches. This can lead to (yet another) discussion of the foods that are nourishing and foods that are not so good for your body.Putting food choices into a context that kids can understand can be helpful. The traffic light model works well. Green light foods are good for you. Eat as much of them as you like. These include fruits, vegetables, whole grain products, nuts, and organic meats and dairy. Red light foods are those kids should not eat, like corn syrup, diet foods with Nutrasweet, caffeine products, and artificial colors and flavors. Yellow light foods are those you should slow down on, like desserts, processed white flour products...

P.E.I. expands whooping cough vaccination program

CTV Health — Fri, 26 Aug 2011 15:53:31 +0100

P.E.I. is expanding a vaccine program to protect newborns against the spread of pertussis, better known as whooping cough. (Source: CTV Health)

Teen HPV vaccination rate remains stable

Health News - UPI.com — Fri, 26 Aug 2011 03:32:37 +0100

ATLANTA, Aug. 25 (UPI) -- U.S. teen vaccination rates are rising for tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis, and for meningitis, but not for human papillomavirus, officials say. (Source: Health News - UPI.com)

National and state vaccination coverage among adolescents aged 13 through 17 years --- United States, 2010.

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... — Thu, 25 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which found that coverage increased for all three of the routinely administered adolescent vaccines: Tdap from 55.6% to 68.7%, MenACWY from 53.6% to 62.7%, (among females) ≥1 dose of HPV from 44.3% to 48.7%, and ≥3 doses of HPV from 26.7% to 32.0%. Vaccination coverage varied widely among states; three states (Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Washington) had coverage of >65% for ≥1 dose of all three vaccines (Tdap, MenACWY, and HPV). Continued evaluation of vaccination-promoting initiatives, including state vaccination-financing policies, is needed to understand their impact on adolescent vaccination and to promote effective practices. PMID: 21866084 [PubMed - in process] (Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl...)

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CDC Reports Teen Vax Rates Rising - HPV Lowest

About.com Pediatrics — Thu, 25 Aug 2011 12:56:09 +0100

Are teens receiving all of the vaccines they are supposed to get. According to the latest immunization schedule, teens should get: two doses of a meningococcal conjugate vaccine a tetanus, diphtheria, acellular pertussis (Tdap) booster three doses of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine an annual flu vaccine (a flu shot or nasal spray flu vaccine) ...Read Full Post (Source: About.com Pediatrics)

Straight Talk about Vaccination

Scientific American Topic - Medical Technology — Wed, 24 Aug 2011 14:00:00 +0100

Last year 10 children died in California in the worst whooping cough outbreak to sweep the state since 1947. In the first six months of 2011, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recorded 10 measles outbreaks--the largest of which (21 cases) occurred in a Minnesota county, where many children were unvaccinated because of parental concerns about the safety of the standard MMR vaccine against measles, mumps and rubella. At least seven infants in the county who were too young to receive the MMR vaccine were infected.These troubling statistics show that the failure to vaccinate children endangers both the health of children themselves as well as others who would not be exposed to preventable illness if the community as a whole were better protected. Equally troubling, the number of d...

Molecular typing of Bordetella parapertussis isolates circulating in Pakistan

FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology — Tue, 23 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

AbstractAlthough a whole cell pertussis vaccine was introduced in Pakistan in 1980, little is known about the pertussis prevalence and circulating strains in Pakistan. The aim of this study was to analyze Bordetella parapertussis isolates circulating, between 2005 and 2009 in Pakistan and to compare them with those found in other countries during different periods. A total of 59 (7.35%) B. parapertussis isolates from 802 subjects (median age 3 years) from Pakistan, with pertussis‐like symptoms were investigated. We carried out genotyping and DNA microarray analyses on these isolates and compared them with some international isolates of B. parapertussis. We found that the allele for pertactin (prn) found in strains studied from Pakistan was identical to the predominant type found in Europ...

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Bordetella species in children with cystic fibrosis: What do we know? The role in acute exacerbations and chronic course

Journal of Cystic Fibrosis — Mon, 22 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Despite vaccination, pertussis is still endemic in the Netherlands. A literature search was performed to verify what is known about the role of Bordetella species in children with cystic fibrosis, with regard to the incidence of Bordetella infections, the involvement in pulmonary exacerbations and the influence on chronic course.Little is known about the frequency of Bordetella infections and the involvement of Bordetella species both in relation to the chronic course of cystic fibrosis and to pulmonary exacerbations. Since it is difficult to detect Bordetella species in cultures and few sputum cultures investigated have been obtained during an exacerbation, it is likely that the frequency of Bordetella species in CF patients is underestimated. Identification of Bordetella specie...

Postvaccination Morphea Profunda in a Child

Pediatric Dermatology — Thu, 18 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

We report a new case of postvaccination morphea profunda (MP) in a child and discuss its different clinical presentations, prognosis, and therapy and its relationship with “solitary morphea profunda.” A 2‐year‐old healthy girl presented with an induration of the anterior aspect of the left thigh of 9 months duration. The lesion had appeared 3 months after a third dose of diphtheria‐tetanus‐pertussis vaccine. Cutaneous examination showed an induration of 7 × 7 cm with an “orange peel” texture after pinching the skin. Histologic examination confirmed the diagnosis of MP. Systemic steroids (1 mg/kg/day) led to the stabilization of the lesion. After 4 months of treatment, we began the concomitant use of oral methotrexate (10 mg/wk) for 2 months. Methotrexate was ...

Local Vaccine Site Reactions and Contact Allergy to Aluminum

Pediatric Dermatology — Thu, 18 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

We report the case of a 6‐month‐old infant who developed subcutaneous nodules at the sites of his 4‐ and 6‐month Pentacel (DTaP/Hib/IPV, diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis, Haemophilus b conjugate, and inactivated poliovirus vaccine) and 6‐month Prevnar (heptavalent pneumococcal vaccine) injections. Infectious disease and immunodeficiency examinations were unremarkable. Aluminum contact allergy was considered, and contact allergy testing confirmed sensitivity to aluminum. Although rare, aluminum contact allergy after routine immunization can occur and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of persistent subcutaneous nodules after vaccination. (Source: Pediatric Dermatology)

Seroprevalence of antibodies to pertussis and diphtheria among healthy adults in China

Journal of Infection — Tue, 16 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Our study indicated that about 5% of adults aged 18–50 years had positive anti-PT IgG antibodies, suggesting that adult pertussis is not uncommon in China. Although a high proportion of studied subjects had a protective level of immunity against diphtheria, the antibody level decreased with the increasing age of adults. Booster vaccinations against pertussis should be considered in adults in China. (Source: Journal of Infection)

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) after pertussis infection.

Annals of Tropical Paediatrics — Sun, 07 Aug 2011 12:15:04 +0100

Authors: Budan B, Ekici B, Tatli B, Somer A <title/> Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an immune-mediated demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system which is usually precipitated by a viral infection or vaccination. A 3-month-old boy is reported who developed ADEM a week after full recovery from pertussis. MRI detected a high-intensity lesion extending from the pons to the mesencephalon, compatible with ADEM. Following the administration of intravenous immunoglobulins, the patient's clinical symptoms improved. This case report demonstrates that pertussis is capable of inducing an immune-mediated demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system. PMID: 21781425 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Annals of Tropical Paediatrics)

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Pertussis Diagnosis in the 21st Century: Progress and Pitfalls, Part II

Clinical Microbiology Newsletter — Thu, 04 Aug 2011 19:08:35 +0100

Abstract: Bordetella pertussis is the causative agent of pertussis, also called whooping cough or the cough of 100 days. Infection can result in significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in young infants. Prior to the availability of effective vaccines, pertussis was a major cause of childhood disease. With the advent of such vaccines, the incidence of disease declined dramatically into the 1970s. However, pertussis is still present, with peaks occurring every 3 to 5 years, and the number of cases has been increasing in the United States since the 1980s. With recent reports of numerous outbreaks of pertussis, there is heightened interest in the control and diagnosis of the disease. Efforts to increase immunity through vaccination and also to improve the clinical and laboratory...

Comments on cow’s milk allergy and diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccines

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology — Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

To the Editor: Kattan et al report 8 episodes of anaphylaxis that occurred within 60 minutes of administration of DTaP or Tdap vaccines, all of which took place between 2007 and 2010 in children with IgE-mediated milk allergy, within the referral base of the Jaffe Food Allergy Institute in New York. The investigators note correctly that culture media for the commercial production of vaccines against Clostridium tetani, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, and Bordetella pertussis might be supplemented with amino acids derived from bovine milk hydrolysates and use inhibition ELISA data to suggest that 3 lots of DTaP vaccine (from 2 manufacturers) and 5 lots of Tdap vaccine (from 1 manufacturer) contain between 8.1 and 18.3 ng/mL allergenic casein-derived peptides, which were not detected in contr...

[Comment] Will the Decade of Vaccines mean business as usual?

LANCET — Fri, 29 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

In 2011, the story of immunisation coverage worldwide hovers between the glass half empty and the glass half full. Anticipated advances in vaccinology during this new Decade of Vaccines will only translate into reductions in global morbidity and mortality from targeted illnesses if fundamental restructuring means that the most marginalised countries (particularly in Africa and southeast Asia) gain access to new and established vaccines. Routine vaccine coverage and the introduction of new vaccines have increased enormously in the past 10 years, with 14·6 million more children receiving the routine diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccine in 2009 than in 2000. (Source: LANCET)

KINRIX (Diphtheria And Tetanus Toxoids And Acellular Pertussis Adsorbed And Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine) Injection, Suspension [GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Wed, 27 Jul 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Jul 27, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Diphtheria tetanus and pertussis vaccine: Papulopustular eruption in an infant: case report

Reactions — Sun, 24 Jul 2011 19:59:43 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

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Pertussis Diagnosis in the 21st Century: Progress and Pitfalls, Part I

Clinical Microbiology Newsletter — Fri, 22 Jul 2011 00:44:34 +0100

Boostrix (Tetanus Toxoid, Reduced Diphtheria Toxoid and Acellular Pertussis Vaccine, Adsorbed) - updated on RxList

RxList - New and Updated Drug Monographs — Thu, 21 Jul 2011 07:00:00 +0100

Boostrix (Tetanus Toxoid, Reduced Diphtheria Toxoid and Acellular Pertussis Vaccine, Adsorbed) drug description - FDA approved labeling for prescription drugs and medications at RxList (Source: RxList - New and Updated Drug Monographs)

FDA Approves Boostrix To Prevent Tetanus, Diphtheria, And Pertussis In Older People

Health News from Medical News Today — Tue, 19 Jul 2011 08:00:00 +0100

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved Boostrix vaccine to prevent tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis (whooping cough) in people ages 65 and older. Currently, there are vaccines approved for the prevention of tetanus and diphtheria that can be used in adults 65 and older. Boostrix, which is given as a single-dose booster shot, is the first vaccine approved to prevent all three diseases in older people. Tetanus can cause paralysis and is caused by bacteria that live in soil, dust, and manure. The bacteria usually enter the body through a deep cut... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Immunization with PCEP microparticles containing pertussis toxoid, CpG ODN and a synthetic innate defense regulator peptide induces protective immunity against pertussis.

Vaccine — Fri, 15 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Garlapati S, Eng NF, Kiros TG, Kindrachuk J, Mutwiri GK, Hancock RE, Halperin SA, Potter AA, Babiuk LA, Gerdts V We investigated the efficacy of a novel microparticle (MP) based vaccine formulation consisting of pertussis toxoid (PTd), polyphosphazene (PCEP), CpG ODN 10101 and synthetic cationic innate defense regulator peptide 1002 (IDR) against Bordetella pertussis in mice. We studied whether encapsulation of these IDR-CpG ODN complexes into polyphosphazene-based microparticles further enhanced their immunomodulatory activity compared to soluble formulations containing PCEP (SOL), or without PCEP (AQ). In vitro stimulation of murine macrophages showed MP induced significantly higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. When assessed in a B. pertussis infection challenge mod...