MedWorm: Whooping Cough (Pertussis) Vaccine

BOOSTRIX (Tetanus Toxoid, Reduced Diphtheria Toxoid And Acellular Pertussis Vaccine, Adsorbed) Suspension [GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Fri, 12 Mar 2010 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Mar 12, 2010 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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Autotransporter passenger proteins: virulence factors with common structural themes

Journal of Molecular Medicine — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 18:28:49 +0100

Abstract Autotransporter proteins are virulence factors associated with a wide variety of diseases caused by pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria, and they play a variety of roles in pathogenesis including disabling host defences and mediating colonization. Pertactin, a key component of the whooping cough vaccine, is an autotransporter protein. A large sub-family of the autotransporters carries a trypsin-like protease domain, but these enzymes have different substrates and functions. The unique export process which defines the autotransporter family involves the polypeptide chain C-terminus forming a barrel structure in the bacterial outer membrane, but the role of this barrel in secreting of the N-terminal ‘passenger’ domain remains very unclear. There are now four publi...

Supreme Court To Consider Legality Of Lawsuits Against Vaccine Makers

Health News from Medical News Today — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 12:00:00 +0100

The Associated Press: "The Supreme Court will decide whether drug makers can be sued by parents who claim their children suffered serious health problems from vaccines. The justices on Monday agreed to hear an appeal from parents in Pittsburgh who want to sue Wyeth over the serious side effects their daughter, six months old at the time, allegedly suffered as a result of the company's diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis vaccine. ... Wyeth, now owned by Pfizer, Inc... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

“Paranoia Strikes Deep”*: MMR Vaccine and Autism

Psychiatric Times — Wed, 03 Mar 2010 12:00:00 +0100

On February 12, 2009, the US Court of Federal Claims issued a trio of long-awaited decisions in its Omnibus Autism Proceeding. The 3 were representative cases chosen from more than 5500 pending MMR/autism cases by the Plaintiffs’ Steering Committee. Each presented the theory that the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine in combination with thimerosal, a mercury-based ingredient contained in some diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP), diphtheria-tetanus–acellular pertussis (DTaP), hepatitis B, and Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) vaccines, causes autism. In nearly 700 combined pages that reviewed the scientific and epidemiological evidence, all 3 opinions determined that the plaintiffs had not demonstrated a link between these vaccines and autism. (Source: Psychiatric Times)

Characterization of Pertussis Toxoid by Two-Dimensional LC-MS/MS.

Analytical Biochemistry — Tue, 02 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Tummala M, Lee SM, Chess E, Hu P Pertussis toxoid, an acellular pertussis vaccine prepared by hydrogen peroxide treatment in the presence of Fe(3+), has not been well characterized. Since the toxoid has been a part of the DTaP vaccine for infants, it is of interest and significance to have a clear understanding of its structure. The five subunits of pertussis toxin (PT) have a combined molecular weight of approximately 95,000. The peroxide treatment in toxoid formation introduces additional complexity into the protein sequence. To maximize sequence coverage, a 2D LC-MS/MS approach was used to analyze the tryptic digest of toxoid as a whole. An analytical scale HPLC using a pentafluorophenyl (PFP) column was used as the first dimensional LC for fraction collection. The fraction...

Association Between Child Immunization and Availability of Health Infrastructure in Slums in India [Article]

Archives of Pediatrics — Mon, 01 Mar 2010 20:50:48 +0100

Conclusions We found that presence of a UHC was positively associated with immunization status of children in slums. These results suggest a need for greater public attention to expand coverage of slums through UHCs. (Source: Archives of Pediatrics)

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Are Patient-Held Vaccination Records Associated With Improved Vaccination Coverage Rates?

PEDIATRICS — Mon, 01 Mar 2010 16:02:28 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Use of patient-held vaccination records is an easily implemented strategy that is associated with increased immunization rates. A greater effect was seen in groups at risk for underimmunization. Methods to incorporate and to ensure effective use of these records should be implemented. (Source: PEDIATRICS)

Antibody status in children with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome.

Yonsei Medical Journal — Mon, 01 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: IgG levels correlated positively with albumin levels, and all antibodies, including immune and natural antibodies, were depressed in the acute stage of NS. Our results suggest that hypogammaglobulinaemia in NS may be associated with intravascular homeostasis of oncotic pressure. PMID: 20191016 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Yonsei Medical Journal)

Effect of food coupon incentives on timely completion of DTP immunization series in children from a low-income area in Karachi, Pakistan: A longitudinal intervention study.

Vaccine — Sun, 28 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

This study introduced food/medicine vouchers as an incentive to mothers of infants visiting Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) centers in a low socio-economic area. The timely completion of diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis vaccines combined (DTP) series immunization rate between intervention and control cohorts were compared. The DTP up-to-date immunization coverage at 18 weeks of age increased two-fold (RR 2.20, 95% CI: 1.95-2.48, p<0.001) in the incentive cohort compared to the no-incentive cohort. While increasing immunization coverage is a complex structural and behavioral process, food/medicine may improve routine immunization coverage in developing countries. PMID: 20199756 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine)

Surveillance for adverse events after DTwP/Hib vaccination in Brazil: Sensitivity and factors associated with reporting.

Vaccine — Sat, 27 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Monteiro SA, Takano OA, Waldman EA We estimated the sensitivity, i.e., the proportion of all cases of adverse events following immunization (AEFIs) reported to the Brazilian passive surveillance for adverse events following immunization (PSAEFI) with the diphtheria-tetanus-whole-cell pertussis-Haemophilus influenzae type b (DTwP/Hib) vaccine, as well as investigating factors associated with AEFIs reporting. During 2003-2004, 8303 AEFIs associated with DTwP-Hib were reported; hypotonic-hyporesponsive episodes (HHEs), fever and convulsions being the most common. Cure without sequel was achieved in 98.4% of the cases. The mean sensitivity of the PSAEFI was 22.3% and 31.6%, respectively, for HHE and convulsions, varying widely among states. Reporting rates correlated positively wi...

INFANRIX (Diphtheria And Tetanus Toxoids And Acellular Pertussis Vaccine Adsorbed) Suspension [GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Thu, 25 Feb 2010 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Feb 25, 2010 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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Safety and immunogenicity of one dose of MenACWY-CRM, an investigational quadrivalent meningococcal glycoconjugate vaccine, when administered to adolescents concomitantly or sequentially with Tdap and HPV vaccines.

Vaccine — Thu, 25 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Arguedas A, Soley C, Loaiza C, Rincon G, Guevara S, Perez A, Porras W, Alvarado O, Aguilar L, Abdelnour A, Grunwald U, Bedell L, Anemona A, Dull PM This Phase III study evaluates an investigational quadrivalent meningococcal CRM(197) conjugate vaccine, MenACWY-CRM (Novartis Vaccines), when administered concomitantly or sequentially with two other recommended adolescent vaccines; combined tetanus, reduced diphtheria and acellular pertussis (Tdap), and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine. In this single-centre study, 1620 subjects 11-18 years of age, were randomized to three groups (1:1:1) to receive MenACWY-CRM concomitantly or sequentially with Tdap and HPV. Meningococcal serogroup-specific serum bactericidal assay using human complement (hSBA), and antibodies to Tdap antigens ...

PENTACEL (Diphtheria And Tetanus Toxoids And Acellular Pertussis Adsorbed, Inactivated Poliovirus And Haemophilus B Conjugate (Tetanus Toxoid Conjugate) Vaccine) Kit [Sanofi Pasteur Inc.]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Wed, 24 Feb 2010 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Feb 24, 2010 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Attenuated Bordetella pertussis vaccine strain BPZE1 modulates allergen-induced immunity and prevents allergic pulmonary pathology in a murine model

Clinical and Experimental Allergy — Mon, 22 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Virulent Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough, exacerbates allergic airway inflammation in a murine model of ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization. A live genetically attenuated B. pertussis mucosal vaccine, BPZE1, has been developed that evokes full protection against virulent challenge in mice but the effect of this attenuated strain on the development of allergic responses is unknown. To assess the influence of attenuated B. pertussis BPZE1 on OVA priming in a murine model of allergic airway inflammation. Mice were challenged with virulent or attenuated strains of B. pertussis, and sensitized to allergen (OVA) at the peak of bacterial carriage. Subsequently, airway pathology, local inflammation and OVA-specific immunity were examined. In contrast to virulent B. pertussis,...

PEDIARIX (Diphtheria And Tetanus Toxoids And Acellular Pertussis Adsorbed, Hepatitis B (Recombinant) And Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine Combined) Injection, Suspension [GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Thu, 18 Feb 2010 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Feb 18, 2010 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

A randomised trial on the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of MenACWY-CRM, an investigational quadrivalent meningococcal glycoconjugate vaccine, administered concomitantly with Tdap in adolescents and young adults.

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology — Wed, 17 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

This study evaluated the safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of an investigational quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine, MenACWY-CRM, when administered concomitantly with a combined tetanus, reduced diphtheria and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine, in subjects aged 11-25 years. Subjects received either MenACWY-CRM and Tdap, MenACWY-CRM and saline placebo, or Tdap and saline placebo. No significant increase in reactogenicity and no clinically significant vaccine-related AEs occurred when MenACWY-CRM and Tdap were administered concomitantly. Similar immunogenic responses to diphtheria, tetanus and meningococcal (serogroups A, C, W-135 and Y) antigens were observed, regardless of concomitant vaccine administration. Anti-pertussis antibody responses were comparable between vaccine...

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[Hospital admissions due to whooping cough: experience of the del niño hospital in Panama. Period 2001-2008.]

Anales de Pediatria — Wed, 10 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Whooping cough is an important public health problem. Post-partum vaccination could be a strategy to reduce morbidity and mortality in infants less than 3 months of age. PMID: 20153272 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Anales de Pediatria)

Leading medical journal retracts controversial MMR study

OnMedica Latest News — Wed, 03 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

The Lancet retracts Wakefield study following GMC decisionRelated items from OnMedicaChickenpox vaccine may also reduce the risk of shinglesHPA warns of possible measles epidemicMeningitis cases at record low, announces Health Secretary Parents of new babies should have whooping cough boosterHib cases down due to vaccine campaign (Source: OnMedica Latest News)

Effectiveness of the Pentavalent Rotavirus Vaccine in Preventing Gastroenteritis in the United States

PEDIATRICS — Mon, 01 Feb 2010 16:03:20 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: In this first nationwide study evaluating VE under conditions of routine use, RV5 was highly effective in preventing RGE and AGE and in reducing health care resource utilization. Further research is needed to assess VE with an incomplete rotavirus vaccination regimen. (Source: PEDIATRICS)

Bordetella pertussis Clones Identified by Multilocus Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Analysis.

Emerging Infectious Diseases — Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Kurniawan J, Maharjan RP, Chan WF, Reeves PR, Sintchenko V, Gilbert GL, Mooi FR, Lan R Multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) of 316 Bordetella pertussis isolates collected over 40 years from Australia and 3 other continents identified 66 MLVA types (MTs), including 6 predominant MTs. Typing of genes encoding acellular vaccine antigens showed changes that may be vaccine driven in 2 MTs prevalent in Australia. PMID: 20113564 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Emerging Infectious Diseases)

Acute necrotizing encephalopathy secondary to diphtheria, tetanus toxoid and whole-cell pertussis vaccination: diffusion-weighted imaging and proton MR spectroscopy findings

Pediatric Radiology — Fri, 29 Jan 2010 17:57:29 +0100

We present a previously healthy 6-month-old boy who was admitted to our hospital with lethargy, hypotonia and focal clonic seizures 6 days following diptheria, tetanus toxoid and whole-cell pertussis vaccination. A diagnosis of acute necrotising encephalopathy was made with the aid of MRI, including diffusion-weighted imaging and proton MR spectroscopy. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportDOI 10.1007/s00247-009-1498-9Authors Hale Aydin, Baskent University Hospital Department of Radiology Ziya Gokalp, Cad 10, sok No: 45 Bahcelievler Ankara 06610 TurkeyEsra Ozgul, Baskent University Hospital Department of Radiology Ziya Gokalp, Cad 10, sok No: 45 Bahcelievler Ankara 06610 TurkeyAhmet Muhtesem Agildere, Baskent University Hospital Department of Radiology Ziya Gokalp, C...

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Gates Foundation to Double Its Spending on Vaccines

NYT > Health — Fri, 29 Jan 2010 17:24:30 +0100

Bill Gates calculated that the money could save the lives of as many as eight million children by 2020. (Source: NYT > Health)

Gates Foundation to Double Spending on Vaccines

NYT > Health — Fri, 29 Jan 2010 11:00:14 +0100

Bill Gates calculated that the increased money could save the lives of as many as eight million children by 2020. (Source: NYT > Health)

Modified binding assay for improved sensitivity and specificity in the detection of residual pertussis toxin in vaccine preparations.

Vaccine — Fri, 29 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Isbrucker RA, Bliu A, Prior F A binding assay was recently published that differentiates between pertussis toxin (PTx) and the pertussis toxoid (PTd) used in acellular pertussis vaccines based on the selective binding of PTx to fetuin and detection with a polyclonal antibody. We found that the assay specificity for PTx was affected by both pH and salt. A monoclonal antibody (mAb) was identified that eliminated specificity problems and improved the sensitivity to 0.4ngPTx/ml. This mAb was previously shown to neutralize PTx toxicity in vivo, thereby supporting the assay's potential biological relevance as an alternative to the mouse histamine sensitivity test for the safety of pertussis vaccines. PMID: 20123053 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine)

Production of H5N1 (NIBRG-14) inactivated whole virus and split virion influenza vaccines and analysis of immunogenicity in mice using different adjuvant formulations.

Vaccine — Fri, 29 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Miyaki C, Quintilio W, Miyaji EN, Botosso VF, Kubrusly FS, Santos FL, Iourtov D, Higashi HG, Raw I Consecutive lots of H5N1 (A/Vietnam/1194/2004 - NIBRG-14) split virion and whole virus vaccines were produced in a pilot-scale laboratory. The average yields of vaccine doses (15mug HA) per egg were 0.57 doses for H5N1 split virion vaccine and 1.12 for H5N1 whole virus vaccine, compared to 2.09 doses for the seasonal H3N2 split virion vaccine. H5N1 split virion vaccine lots complied with WHO protein content criteria, while some lots of the H5N1 whole virus vaccine showed protein content per dose higher than the limit established. All lots of both vaccines showed ovalbumin (OVA) concentration below the recommended limit. Dose sparing strategies using adjuvant formulations using al...

Immunogenicity and Safety of Human Papillomavirus-16/18 AS04-Adjuvanted Cervical Cancer Vaccine Coadministered With Combined Diphtheria-Tetanus-Acellular Pertussis–inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine to Girls and Young Women

Journal of Adolescent Health — Wed, 27 Jan 2010 16:30:10 +0100

Conclusions: Results from this study support coadministration of the HPV-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine with dTpa-IPV vaccine in females aged 10–18 years. (Source: Journal of Adolescent Health)

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Dose-response of attenuated Bordetella pertussis BPZE1-induced protection in mice.

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology — Wed, 27 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Mielcarek N, Debrie AS, Mahieux S, Locht C Despite the availability of efficacious vaccines, the incidence of whooping cough is still high in many countries and is even increasing in countries with high vaccine coverage. Most severe and life-threatening pertussis cases occur in infants too young to be sufficiently protected by current vaccine regimens. As a potential solution to this problem we have developed an attenuated live Bordetella pertussis vaccine strain, named BPZE1. Here, we show that after a single administration BPZE1 induces dose-dependent protection against challenge with virulent B. pertussis in a low-dose and in a high-dose intranasal mouse lung colonization models. In addition, we observed BPZE1 dose-dependent antibody titers to B. pertussis antigens, as well...

Changes in the genomic content of circulating Bordetella pertussis strains isolated from the Netherlands, Sweden, Japan and Australia: adaptive evolution or drift?

BMC Genomics - Latest articles — Tue, 26 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: An overview of genomic contents of a large collection of isolates from different countries allowed us to derive a core genome and a phylogenetic structure of B. pertussis. Our results show that B. pertussis is a dynamic organism that continues to evolve. (Source: BMC Genomics - Latest articles)

[Health checkups for children of 3-4 years of age in the Hauts-de-Seine department (France): Results and prospects.]

Archives de Pediatrie — Fri, 22 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: The complete and systematic medical exam for children in nursery school at the age of 3-4 years old, the key age for screening, give occasion to appreciate global children's health. There should be thinking on the national level about how to group the results of the departments. PMID: 20097551 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Archives de Pediatrie)

DH expands pneumococcal vaccination for children

OnMedica Latest News — Tue, 19 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

New vaccine will cover six more strains of pneumococcal bacteriaRelated items from OnMedicaHPA warns of possible measles epidemicMeasles programme must be stepped-up'MMR should be compulsory', says public health expertHib cases down due to vaccine campaignParents of new babies should have whooping cough booster (Source: OnMedica Latest News)

Th2-polarisation of cellular immune memory to neonatal pertussis vaccination.

Vaccine — Tue, 19 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: White OJ, Rowe J, Richmond P, Marshall H, McIntyre P, Wood N, Holt PG Current infant vaccination against pertussis in North America and Australia requires three doses of vaccines including diphtheria, tetanus and acellular pertussis antigens (DTaP) at 2, 4 and 6 months of age. Interest is growing in the possibility that vaccination at birth might provide earlier protection of infants, but early vaccination also gives rise to concerns over the potential for excessive Th2-polarisation of pertussis-specific T-cell memory profiles. We evaluated this issue as part of a small pilot study comparing infants receiving a monovalent acellular pertussis vaccine (aP) at birth or birth and at 1 month, followed by DTaP at 2, 4 and 6 months with infants receiving DTaP only from 2 months. We c...

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Progress Toward Eliminating Disparities in Vaccination Coverage Among U.S. Children, 2000–2008

American Journal of Preventive Medicine — Thu, 14 Jan 2010 15:38:00 +0100

This article aims to assess progress toward reaching the overarching goal of eliminating disparities in vaccination coverage among young children in the U.S.Methods: Coverage for the 4:3:1:3:3:1 vaccine series (at least four doses of diphtheria–tetanus–pertussis, three poliovirus, one measles–mumps–rubella, three hepatitis B, three Haemophilus influenzae type B, and one varicella vaccine) was assessed among 185,516 children in the 2000–2008 National Immunization Surveys. Observed and adjusted disparities in coverage were evaluated for various sociodemographic groups previously associated with vaccination coverage. Linear trends in disparities were assessed.Results: In 2000, disparities among population segments were significant (p (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine)

Switch to acellular pertussis vaccine a good move

PharmacoEconomics and Outcomes News — Mon, 11 Jan 2010 16:09:06 +0100

(Source: PharmacoEconomics and Outcomes News)

Genetic verification of Bordetella pertussis seed strains used for production of Japanese acellular pertussis vaccines.

Sat, 09 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Kamachi K, Fukuda T, Han HJ, Toyoizumi-Ajisaka H, Mochida K, Konda T, Horiuchi Y, Arakawa Y, Dpt Technical Committee Of The Association Of Biological Manufacturers Of Japan In Japan, the Bordetella pertussis strain Tohama provided by the National Institute of Health, Japan has been used for the production of acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines since 1981. In the present study, in order to verify the genetic consistency of B. pertussis vaccine seed strains, we analyzed the genetic properties of the working seeds obtained from five Japanese vaccine manufacturers, and compared them with those of B. pertussis Tohama reference strains (NIID L-7 and ATCC BAA-589). Genetic analyses with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and allele typing showed 100% genetic identity among the five seed...

PEDIARIX (Diphtheria And Tetanus Toxoids And Acellular Pertussis Adsorbed, Hepatitis B (Recombinant) And Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine Combined) Injection, Suspension [GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Fri, 08 Jan 2010 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Jan 8, 2010 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Efficacy of poly[di(sodium carboxylatophenoxy)phosphazene] (PCPP) as mucosal adjuvant to induce protective immunity against respiratory pathogens.

Vaccine — Thu, 07 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Shim DH, Ko HJ, Volker G, Potter AA, Mutwiri G, Babiuk LA, Kweon MN Polyphosphazene polyelectrolyte, a potent new mucosal adjuvant candidate, was tested for its ability to elicit protective immunity against several respiratory diseases. Groups of mice were intranasally (i.n.) vaccinated with poly[di(sodium carboxylatophenoxy)phosphazene] (PCPP) together with several vaccine antigens such as pertussis toxoid, pneumococcal surface protein A, and formalin-inactivated PR8 influenza virus. Results showed predominant levels of antigen-specific IgG and IgA antibodies in serum and bronchial alveolar lavage fluids after vaccination with PCPP plus antigen when compared to antigen alone. In addition, there were significantly higher levels of the secretory form of IgA antibody in the muco...

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Pertussis immunization in paediatric healthcare workers: Knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviour.

Vaccine — Mon, 04 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Top KA, Halperin BA, Baxendale D, Mackinnon-Cameron D, Halperin SA Healthcare workers (HCWs) knowledge, attitudes and beliefs regarding pertussis immunization were assessed and compared to the rate of vaccine uptake. A questionnaire was distributed to employees at a paediatric and maternity tertiary care centre. Respondents were then offered a dose of the tetanus, diphtheria and acellular pertussis vaccine (Tdap) at a free vaccine clinic. In total, 529 out of 3051 (17%) employees completed the survey and 61 received the Tdap vaccine. Although 76% of participants were willing to be immunized, only 15% presented to the clinic. There is a widespread acceptance of pertussis immunization among paediatric HCWs. Stated intentions may be poorly predictive of behaviour. Education and i...

Origins of and solutions for neonatal medication-dispensing errors.

American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy : AJHP — Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: An institution providing services to both neonatal and adult patients experienced five cases of medication-dispensing errors with look-alike or sound-alike medications. Multidisciplinary collaboration within the system helped the pharmacy identify, resolve, and prevent errors related to medication storage, labeling, delivery, knowledge, and administration documentation. PMID: 20044369 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy : AJHP)

Production and characterization of recombinant pertactin, fimbriae 2 and fimbriae 3 from Bordetella pertussis

BMC Microbiology - Latest articles — Tue, 29 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Background: Bordetella pertussis is a causative agent of pertussis or whooping cough in humans. Pertactin (Prn), fimbriae 2 (Fim2) and fimbriae 3 (Fim3) of B. pertussis are important virulence factors and immunogens which have been included in some acellular pertussis vaccines. In this present study, we cloned, expressed and purified Prn, Fim2 and Fim3, respectively. The immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the three recombinant proteins (rPrn, rFim2 and rFim3) were investigated in mouse model. Results: Three recombinant proteins with amount of 12 to 25 mg/L were produced. Compared to the control mice only immunized with adjuvant, serum IgG antibody responses were significantly induced in the mice immunized with rPrn, rFim2 or rFim3 (P (Source: BMC Microbiology - Latest articles)

Cough and dyspnoea of an asthmatic patient at Mt. Kilimanjaro: A difficult differential diagnosis

Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease — Mon, 14 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Summary: This case highlights the difficulties associated with the differential diagnosis of pulmonary symptoms in patients with pre-existing diseases in extreme environmental conditions. A 58-year-old man with child-onset allergic asthma developed dyspnoea and an acute non-productive cough during a trekking expedition on Mt. Kilimanjaro (5895m) in Tanzania. The symptoms were believed initially to be linked to the high altitude exposure (high altitude pulmonary oedema (HAPE) or high altitude cough) or his pre-existing asthma. However, he was later diagnosed correctly with a reinfection of Bordetella pertussis. Pertussis is a highly communicable disease with potentially serious medical consequences that could have affected all of the expedition members. The effectiveness of a pertussis vacc...

Underinsurance and Adolescent Immunization Delivery in the United States

PEDIATRICS — Mon, 30 Nov 2009 17:41:19 +0100

CONCLUSION: Underinsured adolescents who receive doses at an HDC have lower rates of vaccination coverage than do fully insured adolescents. (Source: PEDIATRICS)

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Pertussis

Medicine — Mon, 30 Nov 2009 16:03:39 +0100

Abstract: Pertussis is an infectious disease of the respiratory tract caused by Bordetella pertussis. Worldwide, whole-cell pertussis vaccines have led to a significant reduction in the incidence and severity of pertussis in infants. Despite this decrease in incidence, pertussis remains one of the principal causes of vaccine-preventable deaths; there are 20–40 million cases per year worldwide and an estimated 200,000–400,000 deaths. Advances in diagnostic techniques, such as PCR assays, have improved laboratory diagnosis of pertussis in addition to the traditional culture and serology testing. In addition to routine childhood vaccination with whole-cell or acellular pertussis vaccines, available prevention strategies include booster doses of vaccine for adolescents and adults and post-...

Booster Vaccinations: Can Immunologic Memory Outpace Disease Pathogenesis?

PEDIATRICS — Mon, 30 Nov 2009 12:01:59 +0100

Almost all current vaccines work by the induction of antibodies in serum or on the mucosa to block adherence of pathogens to epithelial cells or interfere with microbial invasion of the bloodstream. However, antibody levels usually decline after vaccination to undetectable amounts if further vaccination does not occur. Persistence of vaccine-induced antibodies usually goes well beyond the time when they should have decayed to undetectable levels because of ongoing "natural" boosting or other immunologic mechanisms. The production of memory B and T cells is of clear importance, but the likelihood that a memory response will be fast enough in the absence of a protective circulating antibody level likely depends on the pace of pathogenesis of a specific organism. This concept is discussed wit...

Parents' views about pre-school immunization: an interview study in southern England

Child: Care, Health and Development — Mon, 30 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Parents reported uncertainties, anxieties and time constraints, all of which may contribute to poor attendance for pre-school immunization. These findings have important implications for providing parents with timely information about boosters and the two-dose MMR programme. They indicate the potential value of playgroup or pre-school involvement and the need for improved communication with children about immunization. (Source: Child: Care, Health and Development)

Swine flu vaccine is vital | Robert Read

Guardian Unlimited Science — Sat, 28 Nov 2009 10:00:00 +0100

The anti-immunisation movement has been peddling fear since the 1800s, but we must ignore its misinformation on H1N1Many people are facing the question of whether to vaccinate themselves and their children against pandemic influenza H1N1 (so-called swine flu) – a vaccine that will provide safe and effective protection against a debilitating and potentially fatal illness. But the question comes at a time when some experts are concerned that a vociferous anti-vaccine lobby will undermine the mass vaccination campaigns being rolled out across Europe, putting the public and individuals' health at risk.Vaccination – priming the body's immune system to resist attack – is the best defence an individual can have against infectious diseases. It can provide effective protection from infection,...

Process of neonatal tetanus elimination in Nepal

Journal of Public Health — Tue, 24 Nov 2009 14:43:01 +0100

Conclusions NT elimination was achieved in 2005 in Nepal, but activities must continue and be strengthened to ensure that NT incidence will not increase in the future. The introduction and further expansion of school-based immunization will, in combination with diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine given in infancy, reduce the need for future cohorts of childbearing age women to be immunized at every pregnancy. However, booster doses will still need to be given in early adulthood to ensure ongoing protection. (Source: Journal of Public Health)

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GAVI Alliance Drives Down Pentavalent Vaccine Costs, Data Shows

Health News from Medical News Today — Thu, 19 Nov 2009 12:00:00 +0100

The "co-ordinated buying policy" of the GAVI Alliance has driven down "[t]he price of a vaccine that helps babies fight off killer diseases," according to data released by the group, Reuters reports. In 2010, the price of pentavalent vaccine, which protects against Hib (Haemophilus influenzae type b), diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus and hepatitis B, will fall "below $3.0 - a drop of almost $0. (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

GAVI Alliance Drives Down Pentavalent Vaccine Costs, Data Shows

Immune System / Vaccines News From Medical News Today — Thu, 19 Nov 2009 12:00:00 +0100

[Newsdesk] Childhood vaccination and progress towards MDG4

The Lancet Infectious Diseases — Mon, 16 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Agencies and individuals worldwide are continuing their efforts to vaccinate the world's children and their achievements are highlighted by State of the World's Vaccines and Immunization, a major report published recently by WHO, UNICEF, and The World Bank. “We have good news…”, announced Daisy Mafubelu, Assistant Director General of Family and Community Health at WHO (Geneva, Switzerland). “The number of children being vaccinated is now at an all time high—and we have the numbers to prove this.” In 2008, 106 million children received routine vaccinations for childhood killer infectious diseases including measles, whooping cough, tetanus, and polio, more children than have ever been vaccinated in a single year. (Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases)

KINRIX (Diphtheria And Tetanus Toxoids And Acellular Pertussis Adsorbed And Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine) Injection, Suspension [GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Nov 13, 2009 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

BOOSTRIX (Tetanus Toxoid, Reduced Diphtheria Toxoid And Acellular Pertussis Vaccine, Adsorbed) Suspension [GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Nov 13, 2009 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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PEDIARIX (Diphtheria And Tetanus Toxoids And Acellular Pertussis Adsorbed, Hepatitis B (Recombinant) And Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine Combined) Injection, Suspension [GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Thu, 12 Nov 2009 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Nov 12, 2009 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Pattern of functional antibody activity against Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) in infants immunized with diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis/Hib Brazilian combination vaccine.

Braz J Med Biol Res — Fri, 06 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Matos DC, Silva AM, Neves PC, Martins RM, Homma A, Marcovistz R We evaluated the functional activity of Haemophilus influenzae B (Hib) antibodies elicited in a group of infants immunized with the diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine combined with an Hib vaccine produced totally in Brazil after technological transfer of Hib vaccine production from Glaxo SmithKline, Belgium. Blood samples from immunized infants (N = 985) were collected for the determination of Hib antibodies. Total Ig and IgM and IgG subclasses of antibodies against polyribosyl ribitol phosphate (PRP) were analyzed by ELISA. Almost all vaccinees (97.56%, 961/985) developed a strong anti-PRP IgG antibody response (>/=1.0 mug/mL), while an anti-PRP IgM response was observed in 64.24% (634/985) of them (>/=0....

Whooping Cough Immunity Lasts Longer Than Previously Thought

Health News from Medical News Today — Thu, 05 Nov 2009 09:00:00 +0100

Immunity to whooping cough lasts at least 30 years on average, much longer than previously thought, according to a new study by researchers based at the University of Michigan and the University of New Mexico. Details are published October 30 in the open-access journal PLoS Pathogens. (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Whooping Cough Immunity Lasts Longer Than Previously Thought

Immune System / Vaccines News From Medical News Today — Thu, 05 Nov 2009 09:00:00 +0100

INFANRIX (Diphtheria And Tetanus Toxoids And Acellular Pertussis Vaccine Adsorbed) Suspension [GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Tue, 03 Nov 2009 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Nov 3, 2009 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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Vaccines as a trigger for myopathies.

Lupus — Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Orbach H, Tanay A Vaccines are considered to be among the greatest medical discoveries, credited with the virtual eradication of some diseases and the consequent improved survival and quality of life of the at-risk population. With that, vaccines are among the environmental factors implicated as triggers for the development of inflammatory myopathies. The sporadic reports on vaccine-induced inflammatory myopathies include cases of hepatitis B virus, bacillus Calmette-Guérin, tetanus, influenza, smallpox, polio, diphtheria, diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus, combination of diphtheria with scarlet fever and diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus with polio vaccines. However, a significant increase in the incidence of dermatomyositis or polymyositis after any massive vaccination campaign h...

Transverse myelitis and vaccines: a multi-analysis.

Lupus — Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Agmon-Levin N, Kivity S, Szyper-Kravitz M, Shoenfeld Y Transverse myelitis is a rare clinical syndrome in which an immune-mediated process causes neural injury to the spinal cord. The pathogenesis of transverse myelitis is mostly of an autoimmune nature, triggered by various environmental factors, including vaccination. Our aim here was to search for and analyze reported cases of transverse myelitis following vaccination. A systematic review of PubMed, EMBASE and DynaMed for all English-language journals published between 1970 and 2009 was preformed, utilizing the key words transverse myelitis, myelitis, vaccines, post-vaccination, vaccination and autoimmunity. We have disclosed 37 reported cases of transverse myelitis associated with different vaccines including those against...

Immunogenicity and Safety of a Pentavalent Diphtheria, Tetanus, Acellular Pertussis, Inactivated Poliovirus, Haemophilus influenzae Type b Conjugate Combination Vaccine (Pentaxim) with Hepatitis B Vaccine.

Indian Pediatrics — Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: The DTaP-IPV//PRP~T vaccine, given concomitantly with monovalent hepatitis B vaccine, was highly immunogenic at 6, 10 and 14 weeks of age in infants in India. The vaccine was well tolerated. PMID: 19955579 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Indian Pediatrics)

Daptacel (Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids and Acellular Pertussis Vaccine Adsorbed) - updated on RxList

RxList - New and Updated Drug Monographs — Fri, 30 Oct 2009 07:00:00 +0100

Daptacel (Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids and Acellular Pertussis Vaccine Adsorbed) drug description - FDA approved labeling for prescription drugs and medications at RxList (Source: RxList - New and Updated Drug Monographs)

Pediarix (Diphtheria, Tetanus Toxoids and Acellular Pertussis Adsorbed, Hepatitis B and Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine) - updated on RxList

RxList - New and Updated Drug Monographs — Thu, 29 Oct 2009 07:00:00 +0100

Pediarix (Diphtheria, Tetanus Toxoids and Acellular Pertussis Adsorbed, Hepatitis B and Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine) drug description - FDA approved labeling for prescription drugs and medications at RxList (Source: RxList - New and Updated Drug Monographs)

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Bordetella pertussis and vaccination: the persistence of a genetically monomorphic pathogen.

Infection, Genetics and Evolution — Thu, 29 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Mooi FR Before childhood vaccination was introduced in the 1950s, pertussis or whooping cough was a major cause of infant death worldwide. Widespread vaccination of children was successful in significantly reducing morbidity and mortality. However, despite vaccination, pertussis has persisted and, in the 1990s, resurged in a number of countries with highly vaccinated populations. Indeed, pertussis has become the most prevalent vaccine-preventable disease in developed countries with estimated infection frequencies of 1%-6%. Recently vaccinated children are well protected against pertussis disease and its increase is mainly seen in adolescents and adults in which disease symptoms are often mild. The etiologic agent of pertussis, Bordetella pertussis, is extremely monomorphic and...

Development and Analytical Validation of Immunoassay for Quantifying Serum Anti-Pertussis Toxin Antibodies Resulting from Bordetella pertussis Infection.

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology — Wed, 28 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, the IgG anti-PT ELISA assay met all assay validation parameters within the range considered most relevant for serodiagnosis. This ELISA was developed and analytically validated to be a user-friendly kit that can be used in both qualitative and quantitative formats. The technology for producing the kit is transferrable to public health laboratories. PMID: 19864485 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology)

Teenagers Difficult To 'Capture' For Vaccinations; Rates On Rise Overall, But Still Low

Health News from Medical News Today — Tue, 27 Oct 2009 08:00:00 +0100

More teenagers are being vaccinated against human papillomavirus (HPV), meningococcal meningitis and pertussis (whooping cough), though the rates are still too low, according to recently released government data and a panel of experts convened by the National Foundation for Infectious Diseases (NFID). (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Vaccines: Bordetella pertussis and Pertussis Vaccines

Clinical Infectious Diseases Latest Issue — Tue, 27 Oct 2009 01:25:10 +0100

Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 49, Issue 10, Page 1565-1569, 15 November 2009. Bordetella pertussis is a human‐specific pathogen that causes whooping cough. The use of pertussis whole‐cell vaccines in infants and toddlers led to decreased circulation of the bacterium in the child population and a marked decrease in the incidence of the disease. However, vaccine does not result in life‐long immunity; indeed, the circulation of the bacterium has not been controlled in the adult population. Universal adult booster immunization is now possible using pertussis acellular vaccines, which target—and are thus likely to control—the virulence of this bacterium. (Source: Clinical Infectious Diseases Latest Issue)

[Vaccination rate of premature infants at 6 and 24 months of age: A pilot study.]

Archives de Pediatrie — Fri, 23 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: The vaccine practices do not follow the postnatal chronological age of the premature baby according to the schedule recommended for full-term infants and vaccination is begun late. Based on the CSHPF vaccination recommendations, nearly 7 premature infants out of 10 have an incomplete immunization status for DTPCoqHib, hepatitis B, and ROR at 2 years of age. According to the pertussis coverage observed in premature infants, the new recommendations on vaccination of the newborn's care giver and family should be completed before the infant's discharge from the hospital using a new acellular vaccine for adult immunization. The initiation of an immunization program during hospitalization would be beneficial for premature babies still hospitalized after 2 months of age. PMID: 198...

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Government offers health workers swine flu vaccine

OnMedica Latest News — Tue, 20 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Department of Health asks health professionals to protect themselves and others by having jabRelated items from OnMedicaSchools shut due to swine flu outbreakEngland to get a swine flu 'tzar' Health Secretary announcesParents of new babies should have whooping cough boosterFlu rate now higher than seasonal norm 'Don't panic' over swine flu, doc leaders urge (Source: OnMedica Latest News)

Monocyte-derived interleukin-10 depresses the Bordetella pertussis-specific IFN-{gamma} response in vaccinated infants.

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology — Tue, 20 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Dirix V, Verscheure V, Goetghebuer T, Hainaut M, Debrie AS, Locht C, Mascart F Antigen-specific interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) has been demonstrated to participate in protection against Bordetella pertussis infection. Circulating mononuclear cells from B. pertussis-infected and from pertussis-vaccinated infants secrete high amounts of IFN-gamma after in vitro stimulation by B. pertussis antigens, but with a large variation in the secreted IFN-gamma levels between individuals. We show here that the inhibition of the specific IFN-gamma response can be at least partially attributed to an IL-10 secretion by monocytes. This IL-10 secretion was not associated with polymorphisms at positions -1082, -819 and -592 of the IL-10 gene promoter, suggesting that other genetic or environmental...

Also noted

The Journal of Pediatrics — Tue, 20 Oct 2009 14:03:57 +0100

This study examines whether the pain response to administration of the diphtheria, polio, and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis and Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine and the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine is affected by the order in which they are given. With the validated Modified Behavioral Pain Scale, videotaped recordings of the procedure (to assess crying), and parental ratings of pain on a visual analog scale, they found that children had less pain (on all 3 measures) when the diphtheria, polio, and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis and diphtheria, polio, and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis and H influenzae type b was given before the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Reducing pain through this simple intervention will benefit the child and may increase adherenc...

Bordetella pertussis and Pertussis Vaccines

Clinical Infectious Diseases Latest Issue — Mon, 19 Oct 2009 18:12:53 +0100

Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Latest Articles. Bordetella pertussis is a human‐specific pathogen that causes whooping cough. The use of pertussis whole‐cell vaccines in infants and toddlers led to decreased circulation of the bacterium in the child population and a marked decrease in the incidence of the disease. However, vaccine does not result in life‐long immunity; indeed, the circulation of the bacterium has not been controlled in the adult population. Universal adult booster immunization is now possible using pertussis acellular vaccines, which target—and are thus likely to control—the virulence of this bacterium. (Source: Clinical Infectious Diseases Latest Issue)

[Reflection and Reaction] Has routine immunisation in Africa become endangered?

The Lancet Infectious Diseases — Sun, 18 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

The broad picture of immunisation in Africa is one of excellent progress and enthusiastic energy, with amazing advances having been made since the turn of the century. There has been a large drop in mortality due to measles, and about a third of countries now use a three dose regimen of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis triple vaccine (DTP3), which provides coverage of at least 80% in all districts. However, a review of immunisation in Africa found that all is not well. (Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases)

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Paracetamol affects childhood jabs

NHS News Feed — Fri, 16 Oct 2009 17:25:00 +0100

Giving paracetamol to babies following a vaccine jab may lower the effectiveness of the immunisation, according to research reported on by BBC news. The study behind this news coverage is an important and well-conducted trial in which 459 babies receiving their routine immunisations were either routinely given paracetamol in the 24 hours following their injection or were given none. Although the drug was clearly successful in reducing the risk of a fever developing, it was shown to reduce the immune response to the vaccine, suggesting that it would be less effective. Although the preventative use of paracetamol had an effect on immune response, using the drug to lower existing fever did not. Parents should not be concerned about giving paracetamol to their child to treat a raised temper...

[Comment] The yin and yang of paracetamol and paediatric immunisations

LANCET — Thu, 15 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Although highly effective, whole-cell pertussis vaccines are associated with high rates of injection-site reactions, fever, and less commonly febrile seizures. Two trials in the 1980s showed that rates of postimmunisation fever could be reduced through the prophylactic administration of paracetamol (acetaminophen), which led the US Advisory Committee on Immunization Practice to recommend “it is reasonable to consider administering antipyretics (such as acetaminophen) at age-appropriate doses at the time of vaccination and every 4–6 h for 48–72 h to children at higher risk for seizures than the general population”. In practice, the administration of paracetamol to all children receiving whole-cell pertussis vaccine became widespread. In Canada, the National Advisory Committee on Imm...

Effect of prophylactic paracetamol administration at time of vaccination on febrile reactions and antibody responses in children

NeLM - Immunology and vaccination — Thu, 15 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Source: Lancet Area: News Two consecutive (primary and booster) open-label RCTs have assessed the effect of prophylactic administration of paracetamol at vaccination on infant febrile reaction rates and vaccine responses. The study enrolled 459 healthy infants from ten centres in the Czech Republic who were randomised to receive three prophylactic paracetamol doses every 6 to 8 hours in the first 24 hours (n=226) or no prophylactic paracetamol (n=233) after each vaccination. [Vaccines= ten-valent pneumococcal non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D-conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV) co-administered with hexavalent diphtheria-tetanus-3-component acellular pertussis-hepatitis B-inactivated poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3-H influenzae type b (DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib) and oral huma...

Physical interventions and injection techniques for reducing injection pain during routine childhood immunizations: systematic review of randomized controlled trials and quasi-randomized controlled trials.

Clinical Therapeutics — Wed, 14 Oct 2009 22:36:03 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Pain during immunization can be decreased by: (1) injecting the least painful formulation of a vaccine; (2) having the child sit up (or holding an infant); (3) stroking the skin or applying pressure close to the injection site before and during injection; (4) injecting the least painful vaccine first when 2 vaccines are being administered sequentially during a single office visit; and (5) performing a rapid intramuscular injection without aspiration. PMID: 19781436 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical Therapeutics)

Historical Data Shows Vaccines are Not what Saved Us

NaturalNews.com — Fri, 09 Oct 2009 07:00:00 +0100

(NaturalNews) With all of the hype surrounding the H1N1 swine flu virus lately, everyone is very concerned with the safety and effectiveness of vaccines, and rightly so. This is a very important question that we must all ask ourselves and find out what the truth is. As the debate rages on an even more important question has rarely been asked. Do vaccines even protect you from the viruses and illnesses that they claim to?If you only get your news and information from mainstream news and educational sources, then the question about whether vaccines are effective is never even raised. This lack of discussion give the perception that they are so effective that only a crazy or ignorant person would even think otherwise. Of course that is the perception that they are trying to get across to you,...

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Keeping Vulnerable Children Safe from Pertussis: Preventing Nosocomial Pertussis Transmission in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit •

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue — Wed, 07 Oct 2009 21:40:32 +0100

Conclusion. The provision of booster vaccine to healthcare workers in the neonatal intensive care unit substantially reduces the risk of hospital‐centered pertussis outbreaks in a manner that enhances the health of hospitalized children. A formal health economic analysis of this finding is currently under way. Policies to protect patient safety in pediatric facilities should include compliance with the United States Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, which recommends provision of pertussis booster vaccination to healthcare workers. (Source: Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue)

Diphtheria tetanus and pertussis vaccine: Recurrent hypotonic-hyporesponsive episodes in an infant: case report

Reactions — Tue, 06 Oct 2009 16:33:26 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

Long-term presence of memory B-cells specific for different vaccine components.

Vaccine — Mon, 28 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100

In this study we describe the identification of antigen-specific memory B-cells in peripheral blood of persons born between 1940 and 2004 in The Netherlands. Polyclonal stimulation of either PBMCs or purified B-cells induced proliferation and differentiation of B-cells of the memory phenotype (CD19(+)/CD27(+)) into antibody secreting cells (ASC). Memory B-cells against components of bacterial vaccines (Bordetella pertussis and tetanus) as well as viral vaccines (measles and influenza) were thus identified, even in persons with low serum antibody titers. Enrichment of B-cells increased the sensitivity of memory B-cell detection when compared to PBMCs. Low, but significant correlations between numbers of antigen-specific memory B-cells and the corresponding circulating antibody titers were f...

Keeping Vulnerable Children Safe from Pertussis: Preventing Nosocomial Pertussis Transmission in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue — Mon, 28 Sep 2009 19:08:55 +0100

AAFP Expands Pertussis Vaccination Awareness Campaign

AAFP Health of the Public — Fri, 25 Sep 2009 21:35:00 +0100

Almost three-quarters of U.S. adults think they are up-to-date on their immunizations, says a recent AAFP survey. According to CDC statistics, however, only 2 percent of adults received the tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid and acellular pertussis vaccine, or Tdap, from 2005 through 2007. (Source: AAFP Health of the Public)

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Boosting Vaccines: The Power of Adjuvants (preview)

Scientific American - Official RSS Feed — Wed, 23 Sep 2009 13:00:00 +0100

The thought of birth defects caused by rubella, rows of iron lungs housing children crippled by polio, or the horrific sound of a baby struggling with whooping cough can still evoke dread among people who have seen firsthand the damage inflicted by these and other vaccine-preventable diseases. Fortunately, those scourges are virtually unknown to modern generations that have had access to vaccines all their lives.For more than 200 years vaccines have proved to be one of the most successful, lifesaving and economical methods of preventing infectious disease, second only to the sanitization of water. Vaccines have spared millions of people from early death or crippling illnesses and made the global eradication of smallpox in 1979 possible. Health experts now pledge to eliminate polio, measles...

Construction of an unmarked recombinant BCG expressing a pertussis antigen by auxotrophic complementation: Protection against Bordetella pertussis challenge in neonates.

Vaccine — Tue, 22 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Nascimento IP, Dias WO, Quintilio W, Hsu T, Jacobs WR, Leite LC Mycobacterium bovis BCG has long been investigated as a candidate for heterologous antigen presentation. We have previously described an rBCG-Pertussis that confers protection against challenge with Bordetella pertussis in neonate and adult mice. In order to obtain stable expression in vivo, we constructed an unmarked BCG lysine auxotrophic and a complementation vector containing the lysine and the genetically detoxified S1 pertussis toxin genes, both under control of the same promoter. Complemented BCG-Deltalysine growth and expression of the pertussis antigen were stable, without the use of an antibiotic marker. Our results show that the complemented rBCG-DeltalysA-S1PT-lysA(+)(kan(-)), which is now suitable to ...

Cervarix (human papillomavirus vaccine) - Revised SPC

NeLM - Immunology and vaccination — Sat, 19 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Source: eMC (electronic Medicines Compendium) Area: Other Library Updates > SPC Changes New information has been included in section 4.5 (interactions) which is as follows: Use with other vaccines Cervarix may be administered concomitantly with a combined booster vaccine containing diphtheria (d), tetanus (T) and pertussis [acellular] (pa) with or without inactivated poliomyelitis (IPV), (dTpa, dTpa-IPV vaccines), with no clinically relevant interference with antibody response to any of the components of either vaccine. The sequential administration of combined dTpa-IPV followed by Cervarix one month later tended to elicit lower anti-HPV-16 and anti-HPV-18 GMTs as compared to Cervarix alone. The clinical significance of this observation is not known. If Cervarix is to be given at th...

National, state, and local area vaccination coverage among adolescents aged 13-17 years--United States, 2008.

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... — Thu, 17 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100

This report summarizes results from the 2008 NIS-Teen and, for the first time, includes estimates for each of the 50 states and selected local areas. Nationally, vaccination coverage for the three most recently recommended adolescent vaccinations and one childhood vaccination increased from 2007 to 2008: MCV4 (from 32.4% to 41.8%), Tdap (from 30.4% to 40.8%), >/=1 dose of HPV4 (from 25.1% to 37.2%), and >/=2 doses of VAR among those without disease history (from 18.8% to 34.1%). However, substantial variability in vaccination coverage was observed in 2008 among state and local areas and by race/ethnicity and poverty status. For the first time, the Healthy People 2010 target of 90% coverage among adolescents aged 13-15 years was met for MMR and HepB. Public health agencies should cont...

Vaccine Adherence in Adolescents

Clinical Pediatrics — Wed, 16 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100

This article outlines barriers to vaccine compliance among adolescents and discusses strategies to increase vaccine uptake. (Source: Clinical Pediatrics)

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Risk of immune hemolytic anemia in children following immunization.

Vaccine — Wed, 16 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100

We examined the risk of IHA in the 42 days following vaccination exposure using a self-controlled case series study design. In our population-based cohort of nearly 4.5 million children in the Vaccine Safety Datalink, we identified 55 confirmed cases of new-onset IHA from 1991 through 2000. We found no association between IHA and diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccination (incidence rate ratio (IRR)=0.65, 95% CI: 0.19-2.24), hepatitis B vaccination (IRR=1.73, 95% CI: 0.59-5.01), or any vaccination (IRR=1.04, 95% CI: 0.46-2.32). PMID: 19766577 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine)

Modified intra-cerebral challenge assay for acellular pertussis vaccines: Comparisons among whole cell and acellular vaccines.

Vaccine — Mon, 14 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100

This study thus suggests that an aP vaccine standard would improve inter-laboratory agreement. These data do not show significant dissimilarity in dose-response lines between JNIH-3 and the various vaccine products included, irrespective of the differences in aP components. Available data indicate that JNIH-3 is sufficiently stable to serve as an International Standard. On the basis of these results and with the agreement of the participants, it was proposed that JNIH-3 should be established as an International Standard for acellular pertussis vaccine for use in the modified intra-cerebral challenge assay and other protective bioassays, with an assigned activity of 34 International Units (IU) per ampoule. A WHO Working Group on Standardization of Acellular Pertussis Vaccines: potency assay...

KINRIX (Diphtheria And Tetanus Toxoids And Acellular Pertussis Adsorbed And Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine) Injection, Suspension [GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Mon, 14 Sep 2009 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Sep 14, 2009 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Medical and Nursing Students with Suboptimal Protective Immunity against Vaccine‐Preventable Diseases •

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue — Thu, 10 Sep 2009 14:32:10 +0100

Conclusions. We have determined that there is a certain proportion of healthcare students who are susceptible to certain vaccine‐preventable diseases. The development of an appropriate vaccination strategy is required to decrease the risk of transmission in a hospital setting. (Source: Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue)

[Current vaccination coverage and immunization gaps of children and adolescents in Germany.]

Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz — Wed, 09 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Reiter S, Poethko-Müller C Available data show increasing vaccination coverage of children and adolescents in recent years in Germany. Vaccination coverage of children against diphtheria, tetanus, polio and haemophilus influenzae Type b is high. Vaccination gaps exist for pertussis, hepatitis B and for the second measles, mumps and rubella doses. Coverage is still insufficient to achieve effective herd immunity and measles elimination. Data from the representative German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents reveal that vaccination of infants is markedly delayed compared to recommendations of the German Standing Committee on Vaccination (STIKO). Particularly older children and adolescents are often not fully vaccinated or are even unvaccinat...

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Kinetics and sensitivity of ELISA IgG pertussis antitoxin after infection and vaccination with Bordetella pertussis in young children

APMIS — Mon, 07 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, knowledge about anti-PT kinetics is essential for the interpretation of seroepidemiological data but hardly offers the possibility to establish valid cut-off values for anti-PT in single sample serology. An option would be to identify a grey zone between the positive and negative ends of the distribution for follow-up testing by a second serum. (Source: APMIS)

Pertussis Immunity and Response to Tetanus-Reduced Diphtheria-Reduced Pertussis Vaccine (Tdap) after Autologous Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation

Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation — Mon, 07 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Pertussis is a highly contagious respiratory infection characterized by prolonged cough and inspiratory whoop. Despite widespread vaccination of children aged2-fold response to PT following vaccination with Tdap. These data suggest that autologous transplantation recipients are highly susceptible to pertussis and that immunization with 2.5μg of PT induces an inadequate response. Prospective trials evaluating BOOSTRIX, containing 8μg/dose of PT (approved for adults in December 2008) are warranted in this vulnerable population undergoing transplantation. (Source: Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation)

Shantha Biotechnics Awarded Large Vaccine Contracts by United Nations Agency

World Pharma News — Sun, 06 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Sanofi Pasteur, the vaccines division of sanofi-aventis Group (EURONEXT : SAN and NYSE : SNY), announced that Shantha Biotechnics was awarded contracts by a United Nations agency for supplies of pentavalent vaccine SHAN5™ (combination vaccine of Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus, Haemophilus influenza B, and Hepatitis B). The contracts, worth $340 million, cover the period 2010-2012. (Source: World Pharma News)

Levels of childhood vaccination coverage and the impact of maternal HIV status on child vaccination status in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa*

Tropical Medicine and International Health — Sun, 06 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion Positive maternal HIV status independently reduces children's probability to receive child vaccinations, which likely contributes to the morbidity and mortality differential between children of HIV-positive and HIV-negative mothers. As a means of increasing vaccination coverage, policy makers should consider increasing the number of mobile clinics in this and similar communities in rural Africa. (Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health)

Conclusions on (cost-)effectiveness of pertussis booster vaccination strategies highly dependent on selections made in evidence review.

Vaccine — Sun, 06 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Postma MJ, de Vries R, Roord J This letter reacts on a paper recently published in this journal, reviewing the effectiveness and (cost-)effectiveness of pertussis booster vaccination strategies. We argue that a different selection of (cost-)effectiveness data could validly be made than the one presented in the review as being considered most robust. In particular, we explicitly present an alternative set of (cost-)effectiveness data. PMID: 19744583 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine)

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Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Protein D-Conjugate Vaccine (Synflorix; PHiD-CV).

Paediatric Drugs — Fri, 04 Sep 2009 16:22:02 +0100

Authors: Croxtall JD, Keating GM black triangle The pneumococcal polysaccharide protein D-conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV; Synflorix) contains ten capsular polysaccharide serotypes from the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae, eight of which are conjugated to a nonlipidated cell-surface liporotein (protein D) of non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) and two of which are conjugated to either tetanus or diphtheria toxoid. black triangle In a three-dose primary vaccination schedule in infants aged <6 months, PHiD-CV elicited high immune responses against all pneumococcal serotypes contained in the vaccine and was noninferior to an approved 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (7vCRM) for eight of the ten serotypes (five of the seven common to both vaccines). Moreover, functional anti...

Vaccines Refusers Are at Increased Risk for Contracting Pertussis

Medscape Today Headlines — Thu, 03 Sep 2009 17:02:16 +0100

A study published in the June 2009 issue of Pediatrics looks at vaccine refusal and subsequent pertussis infection. Medscape Pediatrics (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

NHS immunisation statistics England 2008-09

NeLM - Immunology and vaccination — Wed, 02 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Source: NHS Information Centre Area: News The NHS Information Centre has published immunisation statistics for England 2008-09; the key findings are as follows: . Over 87% of 12-13 year old girls (school year 8) received the first dose and 70% completing the programme of all 3 doses of HPV immunisation. . 78% of children received first and second doses of MMR vaccine between the ages of 2 and 5, a 4% increase on the previous year's figure; although London remains below the national average. . Uptake of vaccines against diphtheria, tetanus, polio, pertussis, Haemophilus influenzae type b and meningitis C for children reaching their second birthday in 2008-09, was between 92% and 94%, and has been stable for the last five years. .&n...

Seroprevalence of Bordetella pertussis Infection during Pregnancy Measured by IgG Antibodies against Pertussis Toxin

Clinical Infectious Diseases Latest Issue — Wed, 02 Sep 2009 20:37:14 +0100

Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Latest Articles. Bordetella pertussis infection may cause severe illness in newborns. Mothers with B. pertussis infection during delivery can infect newborns. The seroprevalence of B. pertussis infection in pregnancy was measured in pregnant women by detection of immunoglobulin G against pertussis toxin; 6.3% had serological evidence of infection. Maternal vaccination should be considered to prevent pertussis in newborns. (Source: Clinical Infectious Diseases Latest Issue)

IgG responses after booster vaccination with different pertussis vaccines in Dutch children 4 years of age: Effect of vaccine antigen content.

Vaccine — Sun, 30 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100

This study shows that a booster vaccine with high pertussis antigen concentrations induces higher antibody levels than a low antigen containing vaccine. In children primed with the Dutch DTwP-IPV-Hib vaccine we suggest to administer a booster vaccine containing high pertussis antigens to optimize IgG responses. The pertussis vaccination history has to be taken into account in decisions on changes in pertussis vaccination policy. PMID: 19729085 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine)

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Historical facts about the dangers (and failures) of vaccines

NaturalNews.com — Sat, 29 Aug 2009 07:00:00 +0100

(NaturalNews) Vaccines are the quackery of modern medicine. Mass vaccination programs not only fail to protect the population from infectious disease, they actually accelerate the spread of disease in many cases.Many website have cropped up over the last few years to counter the pro-vaccine propaganda put out by drug companies (who profit from vaccines) and health regulators (who serve the drug companies). One of those sites is www.VaccinationDebate.com , which lists the following historical facts about vaccines:• In the USA in 1960, two virologists discovered that both polio vaccines were contaminated with the SV 40 virus which causes cancer in animals as well as changes in human cell tissue cultures. Millions of children had been injected with these vaccines. (Med Jnl of Australia 1...

No Evidence That Combined DTP-HBV-Hib Vaccine Works Better

Health Behavior News Service — Fri, 28 Aug 2009 12:24:15 +0100

07/21/2009, Cochrane Library, There is no evidence that giving infants a combination vaccine for diphtheria (D), tetanus (T), pertussis (P), hepatitis B (HBV), and Haemophilus influenza type B (Hib) protects them as effectively as separate vaccines, according to the results of a new Cochrane review. (Source: Health Behavior News Service)

National, state, and local area vaccination coverage among children aged 19-35 months - United States, 2008.

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... — Thu, 27 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100

This report describes the 2008 NIS coverage estimates for this series and individual vaccines, 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7), >or=2 doses of hepatitis A vaccine (HepA), and hepatitis B vaccination received in the first 3 days of life (HepB birth dose) among children born during January 2005-June 2007. In 2008, 4:3:1:3:3:1 series coverage was 76.1%, compared with 77.4% in 2007; >or=90% coverage was maintained for all recommended series vaccines, except >or=4 doses of diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine. Coverage with >or=3 doses of Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine (Hib) decreased from 2007, likely because of the shortage of Hib vaccine and the recommendation to defer the routine Hib vaccine booster dose administered at age 12-15 mont...

Medical and Nursing Students with Suboptimal Protective Immunity against Vaccine‐Preventable Diseases

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue — Wed, 26 Aug 2009 19:01:17 +0100

Combined, Reduced-Antigen Content Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Acellular Pertussis Vaccine (Boostrix): A Review of its Use as a Single-Dose Booster Immunization in Individuals Aged 1064 Years in the US

BioDrugs — Wed, 26 Aug 2009 12:01:50 +0100

(Source: BioDrugs)

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AAFP Launches Awareness Campaign for Pertussis Vaccination

AAFP Clinical Care and Research — Tue, 25 Aug 2009 20:55:00 +0100

Although the CDC estimates that 600,000 cases of pertussis, or whooping cough, occur each year in the United States, only 2 percent of American adults received the tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid and acellular pertussis vaccine, or Tdap, from 2005 through 2007, the agency says. To address this problem, the AAFP has launched a new initiative, Vaccination Matters: Help Protect Families From Whooping Cough. (Source: AAFP Clinical Care and Research)

FROM THE CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION: FDA Approval of Expanded Age Indication for a Tetanus Toxoid, Reduced Diphtheria Toxoid and Acellular Pertussis Vaccine

JAMA — Mon, 24 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100

(Source: JAMA)

Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Acellular Pertussis Vaccine: A Position Statement of the Society for Adolescent Medicine

Journal of Adolescent Health — Sun, 23 Aug 2009 13:28:00 +0100

Pertussis rates in the United States have been rising slowly since a nadir in 1976, and case rates have increased sharply in recent years. Although the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported over 25,000 cases in 2005, experts estimate that because of missed diagnoses, the actual burden of pertussis may be as high as 1 to 3 million cases per year . In 2004, 38% of reported cases were among the 10- to-19-year-old age group . (Source: Journal of Adolescent Health)

Denial Of Benefits Reversed; Judge Says Special Master Ignored Child's Pediatrician

LexisNexis® Mealey's™ Thimerosal & Vaccines Legal News — Fri, 21 Aug 2009 10:00:32 +0100

WASHINGTON, D.C. - A Vaccine Court special master erred in dismissing the testimony of a treating pediatrician and relying solely on medical records to dismiss a petition alleging injury from the diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine, a judge in the U.S. Court of Claims ruled July 30 (John Doe 21 v. Secretary, No. 02-411V, Fed. Clms.; 2009 U.S. Claims LEXIS 263; See November 2008, Page 6). Full story on lexis.com (Source: LexisNexis® Mealey's™ Thimerosal & Vaccines Legal News)

13-Day Time Lapse Between Shot And Injury Is Fatal To Vaccine Claims

LexisNexis® Mealey's™ Thimerosal & Vaccines Legal News — Fri, 21 Aug 2009 10:00:32 +0100

WASHINGTON, D.C. - An earlier ruling that the onset of a child's seizure disorder took place at least 13 days after the diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTaP) and haemophilus influenzae type b (HIB) vaccinations on which her parents sought to fix causation proved fatal to the claims, a Vaccine Court special master ruled in a decision released Aug. 5 (John Doe/05 v. Secretary, No. [redacted], Fed. Clms., Off. Spec. Masters; See September 2007, Page 13). Full story on lexis.com (Source: LexisNexis® Mealey's™ Thimerosal & Vaccines Legal News)

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BOOSTRIX (Tetanus Toxoid, Reduced Diphtheria Toxoid And Acellular Pertussis Vaccine, Adsorbed) Suspension [GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Thu, 20 Aug 2009 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Aug 20, 2009 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Overcoming Codon-Usage Bias in Heterologous Protein Expression in Streptococcus gordonii.

Microbiology — Wed, 19 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Lee SF, Li YJ, Halperin SA One of the limitations facing the development of Steptococcus gordonii into a successful vaccine vector is the inability of this bacterium to express high levels of heterologous proteins. In the present study, we have identified 12 codons deemed as rare codons in S. gordonii and seven other streptococcal species. tRNA genes coding for 10 of the 12 rare codons were cloned into a plasmid. The plasmid was transformed into strains of S. gordonii expressing the fusion protein SpaP/S1, the anti-complement receptor 1 (CR1) single chain variable fragment (scFv) antibody, or the Toxoplasma gondii cycophilin C18 protein. These three heterologous proteins contained high percentages of rare codons. The results showed that the production of SpaP/S1, anti-CR1 scFv...

PEDIARIX (Diphtheria And Tetanus Toxoids And Acellular Pertussis Adsorbed, Hepatitis B (Recombinant) And Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine Combined) Injection, Suspension [GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Mon, 17 Aug 2009 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Aug 17, 2009 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

INFANRIX (Diphtheria And Tetanus Toxoids And Acellular Pertussis Vaccine Adsorbed) Suspension [GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Mon, 17 Aug 2009 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Aug 17, 2009 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Pertussis epidemiology in Argentina: trends over 2004–2007

Journal of Infection — Sun, 16 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Pertussis is an important problem for public health in Argentina. Divergence between vaccine strains and local isolates could contribute to the described pertussis epidemiology. (Source: Journal of Infection)

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Susceptibility and Factors of Pertussis Vaccination Adherence in Korean Health Care Workers

American Journal of Health Behavior — Mon, 10 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Vaccination with pertussis among health care workers is certainly needed in Korea. In practice, when developing educational programs, perceived sensitivity and support systems need to be specifically considered. (Source: American Journal of Health Behavior)

Control of pertussis-Lessons learnt from a 10-year surveillance programme in Sweden.

Vaccine — Sun, 09 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Carlsson RM, Trollfors B Sweden was the only country in the world without any general pertussis vaccination when acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines were introduced. Since 1996 aP vaccines are given at the ages of 3, 5 and 12 months, with a 99% coverage, and until 2007 without a later booster. The long-term effects of aP vaccines, monitored within an enhanced surveillance project, were discussed at an international workshop in Stockholm in November 2008. The unique Swedish experience demonstrates that aP vaccines are capable of achieving the primary goal of a national vaccination programme, i.e., to significantly reduce the burden of pertussis in pre-school children. Throughout the 10-year surveillance period the highest age-specific incidence was reported in unvaccinated infant...

First report and detailed characterization of B. pertussis isolates not expressing pertussis toxin or pertactin.

Vaccine — Thu, 06 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Bouchez V, Brun D, Cantinelli T, Dore G, Njamkepo E, Guiso N Bordetella pertussis isolates not expressing Pertussis Toxin (PT) or Pertactin (PRN) have been collected, for the first time in 2007, in France, a highly vaccinated country with acellular vaccines. Non-expression was due to deletion of the entire ptx locus, to IS481 insertion in the prn gene or deletion of a part of this gene. Genome sequencing does not indicate any regions of differences when compared to other circulating isolates. It nevertheless shows some sequence differences and an increased number of repeated sequences. The infant infected by the isolate not expressing pertussis toxin, did not present hyperlymphocytosis. All isolates were found less pathogen in animal or cellular models; their circulation raise...

Immunization Programs for Infants, Children, Adolescents, and Adults: Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America

Clinical Infectious Diseases Latest Issue — Thu, 06 Aug 2009 19:32:03 +0100

Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Latest Articles. Evidence‐based guidelines for immunization of infants, children, adolescents, and adults have been prepared by an Expert Panel of the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA). These updated guidelines replace the previous immunization guidelines published in 2002. These guidelines are prepared for health care professionals who care for either immunocompetent or immunocompromised people of all ages. Since 2002, the capacity to prevent more infectious diseases has increased markedly for several reasons: new vaccines have been licensed (human papillomavirus vaccine; live, attenuated influenza vaccine; meningococcal conjugate vaccine; rotavirus vaccine; tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellu...

Jury out on Added Benefit of Combined DTP-HBV-HIB Vaccine

Medscape Today Headlines — Thu, 06 Aug 2009 15:54:46 +0100

It is unclear whether the combined diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis, hepatitis B, and Haemophilus influenzae type B (DTP-HBV-HIB) vaccine is as effective as the separate DTP-HBV and HIB vaccine, researchers say. Reuters Health Information (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

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Revisiting the possibility of serious adverse events from the whole cell pertussis vaccine: Were metabolically vulnerable children at risk?

Medical Hypotheses — Thu, 06 Aug 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Summary: In the early 1980’s concerns about the safety of the whole cell pertussis vaccine in the United States resulted in declining vaccination rates and the withdrawal of multiple vaccine providers from the market. While the possibility of inflammation and febrile reactions to the vaccine were acknowledged by public health authorities, parents also claimed the vaccine was associated with sudden infant death syndrome and encephalopathy. Epidemiological studies examining this question, however, consistently failed to identify an association. We argue that these reactions may have occurred in metabolically vulnerable children, specifically those with defects in fatty acid oxidation. In these children the combination of anorexia and fever that could be caused by the vaccine may have resul...

Should fimbriae be included in pertussis vaccines? Studies on ELISA IgG anti-Fim2/3 antibodies after vaccination and infection

APMIS — Wed, 05 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Hallander HO, Ljungman M, Jahnmatz M, Storsaeter J, Nilsson L, Gustafsson L. Should fimbriae be included in pertussis vaccines? Studies on ELISA IgG anti-Fim2/3 antibodies after vaccination and infection. APMIS 2009;. The anti-Fim response and long-term persistence after vaccination and infection may be of importance in understanding population immunity. Longitudinal serum samples (n = 1330) from 542 non-infected children related to a Swedish vaccine trial showed that the post vaccination (DTPa5) antibody decay curve for pertussis ELISA IgG anti-fimbriae2/3 (anti-Fim2/3) was bi-phasic. A slower one followed an initial rapid decay approximately 5[ndash]6 months after the third dose at 12 months of age. After 71 months, however, 60% still had concentrations above [ge]5 EU/ml, a level that ha...

Cytokine and antibody profiles in 1-year-old children vaccinated with either acellular or whole-cell pertussis vaccine during infancy.

Vaccine — Wed, 05 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Dirix V, Verscheure V, Goetghebuer T, Hainaut M, Debrie AS, Locht C, Mascart F Two different types of pertussis vaccines are currently available to protect children against whooping cough, the first-generation whole-cell (Pw) vaccines and the more recent acellular (Pa) vaccines. Both types provide good protection, yet induce different types of immune responses in 6-month-old infants, with a strong Th1 response induced by Pw vaccines compared to a mixed Th1/Th2 response and a delay in non-specific IFN-gamma secretions after the administration of Pa vaccines. We show here that at 13 months of age, most Pw- or Pa-vaccinated children display Bordetella pertussis-specific T-cell responses, in addition to significant antibody levels, although a higher Th2/Th1 cytokine ratio remained...

Jury out on benefit of infant vaccine combo

Reuters: Health — Wed, 05 Aug 2009 19:41:40 +0100

NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - It is unclear whether giving infants a combination vaccine for diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis, hepatitis B, and Haemophilus influenzae type B (DTP-HBV-HIB) protects them as effectively as separate DTP-HBV and HIB vaccines, a review of published studies indicates. (Source: Reuters: Health)

[Whooping cough in an urban high school in Hungary. Conclusions of a local pertussis outbreak.]

Orvosi Hetilap — Sun, 02 Aug 2009 08:08:20 +0100

Conclusions of a local pertussis outbreak.] Orv Hetil. 2009 Aug 15;150(33):1557-61 Authors: Schneider F, Stánitz E, Kalácska J, Tompity T, Gábor B Although incidence of pertussis has been gradually decreased with the introduction of active immunization, total eradication is not possible. This has been shown by national and international data, as well. In the early 2000's, slow increase in incidence of pertussis was observed. Aim: To demonstrate the presence of Bordetella pertussis in the Hungarian population by presenting 17 cases of adolescent pertussis. Methods: Etiology of pertussis was confirmed by quantification of pertussis-antibodies in blood samples taken from permanently coughing patients in the firstly identified subject's vicinity which latter was expl...

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Policy & Practice

Pediatric News — Fri, 31 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Can't get enough Policy & Practice? Check out our new podcast each Monday. egmnblog.wordpress.com The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit has reversed a ruling that had denied compensation to a child who declined after a diptheria, whole-cell pertussis, and tetanus (DPT) vaccination. Enrique Andreu was 8 weeks old and developing normally when he was inoculated with the vaccine. He began to suffer seizures 1 day after receiving the shot. Enrique ultimately was diagnosed with language and developmental delays and a low IQ. His pediatric neurologist told the federal vaccine court, which heard the case first, that there was “no other explanation other than the DPT immunization.” But the vaccine court denied the claim, and the U.S. Court of Federal Claims concurred. However, the ...

Bordetella pertussis strains with increased toxin production associated with pertussis resurgence.

Emerging Infectious Diseases — Fri, 31 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100

We present evidence that in the Netherlands the dramatic increase in pertussis is temporally associated with the emergence of Bordetella pertussis strains carrying a novel allele for the pertussis toxin promoter, which confers increased pertussis toxin (Ptx) production. Epidemiologic data suggest that these strains are more virulent in humans. We discuss changes in the ecology of B. pertussis that may have driven this adaptation. Our results underline the importance of Ptx in transmission, suggest that vaccination may select for increased virulence, and indicate ways to control pertussis more effectively. PMID: 19751581 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Emerging Infectious Diseases)

Improving administration regimens of CyaA-based vaccines using TRAP assays to detect antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells directly ex vivo.

Vaccine — Wed, 29 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Daubeuf S, Préville X, Momot M, Misseri Y, Joly E, Hudrisier D Vaccination with recombinant adenylate cyclase of Bordetella pertussis (CyaA) carrying antigen is a promising approach to target antigen-presenting cells. We have used Trogocytosis Analysis Protocol (TRAP) assays to monitor immune responses raised by different vaccination regimens with recombinant CyaA carrying the ovalbumin antigen. We find that the intradermal, intramuscular or subcutaneous routes are all superior to intravenous injections, and actually lead to a sufficiently high frequency of reactive CTL to be detected and characterized directly ex vivo by TRAP assay or other standard assays. Finally, for all routes, we find a clear boosting effect upon re-injection of the vaccine. PMID: 19647811 [PubM...

Does vitamin A supplementation interact with routine vaccinations? An analysis of the Ghana Vitamin A Supplementation Trial.

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition — Tue, 28 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: The effect of VAS differed by vaccination status. This is potentially problematic because VAS is provided at vaccination contacts. PMID: 19640958 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)

Pertussis immunization in a high-risk postpartum population.

Vaccine — Tue, 28 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Healy CM, Rench MA, Castagnini LA, Baker CJ We provided CDC recommended postpartum tetanus, diphtheria, acellular pertussis (Tdap) immunization to medically underserved, uninsured women in Houston through a standing order protocol. From January 7-April 30, 2008, 1129 of 1570 (72%) postpartum women (93% Hispanic; 11% </=19 years) received Tdap before hospital discharge. Tdap uptake was 96.2% in women without self-reported contraindications. Recall of immunization history was inaccurate in 32% of unimmunized women who reported receiving antepartum immunization. Black women refused Tdap more often than other ethnicities (24% versus 8%; P=0.003). Postpartum Tdap immunization was successfully implemented in a high-risk population through a standing order protocol. Barriers to po...

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Attitudes of nurses toward current and proposed vaccines for public programs: A questionnaire survey

International Journal of Nursing Studies — Tue, 28 Jul 2009 11:20:50 +0100

Conclusion: The general attitudes of nurses toward vaccines recommended by public health authorities are positive and were not negatively affected by the recent implementation of the pneumococcal, varicella and influenza vaccines in the childhood vaccination program. Important differences are observed when comparing the perceived usefulness, safety, efficacy, acceptability, and intention to recommend new vaccines. Nurses clearly give their priority to combined vaccines and to vaccines they had received more information about. The delivery of clear evidence-based information about the new immunization program targets and vaccine safety, as well as professional support fostering would increase nurses’ willingness to recommend new vaccines. (Source: International Journal of Nursing Studies)

TMA Committee Helps Prevent Pertussis

Blogged_Arteries — Mon, 27 Jul 2009 00:00:00 +0100

TMA's Committee on Infectious Diseases is working with Williamson County officials and health care workers to slow the spread of pertussis by campaigning for vaccinations. The project will focus on promoting Tdap vaccine in Williamson County, where officials have reported a steady rise in the number of pertussis cases (Source: Blogged_Arteries)

Federal Circuit Reverses, Orders Compensation In DTP Vaccine Injury

LexisNexis® Mealey's™ Thimerosal & Vaccines Legal News — Fri, 24 Jul 2009 10:34:34 +0100

WASHINGTON, D.C. - Ruling that the burden of proof on the petitioners had been set too high, the Federal Circuit U.S. Court of Appeals on June 18 reversed the denial of benefits by a Vaccine Court special master, affirmed by the U.S. Court of Federal Claims, and ordered program compensation in a case asserting that the diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccine caused afebrile seizures and an encephalopathy (Enrique M. Andreu, et al. v. Secretary, No. 98-817V, Fed. Cir.; 2009 U.S. App. LEXIS 13048; See July 2008, Page 8). Full story on lexis.com (Source: LexisNexis® Mealey's™ Thimerosal & Vaccines Legal News)

ACOG Committee Opinion No. 438: Update on Immunization and Pregnancy: Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Pertussis Vaccination.

Obstetrics and Gynecology — Fri, 24 Jul 2009 05:44:12 +0100

Authors: PMID: 19623004 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology)

Combined vs separately administered vaccines for prevention of diphtheria tetanus pertussis HBV and HIB

Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Specialist Library - Liver — Wed, 22 Jul 2009 11:01:46 +0100

Published July 2009Plain language conclusion: Combined DTP-HBV-HIB vaccine versus separately administered DTP-HBV and HIB vaccines for prevention of diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B and Haemophilus influenzae B in healthy infants up to two years of age (Source: Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Specialist Library - Liver)

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Combined vs separately administered vaccines for prevention of diphtheria tetanus pertussis HBV and HIB

Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Specialist Library - Prevention — Wed, 22 Jul 2009 11:00:38 +0100

Combined vs separately administered vaccines for prevention of diphtheria tetanus pertussis HBV and HIB

Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Specialist Library - Prevention — Wed, 22 Jul 2009 10:58:33 +0100

No Evidence That Combined DTP-HBV-Hib Vaccine Works Better

Health News from Medical News Today — Wed, 22 Jul 2009 09:00:00 +0100

There is no evidence that giving infants a combination vaccine for diphtheria (D), tetanus (T), pertussis (P), hepatitis B (HBV), and Haemophilus influenza type B (Hib) protects them as effectively as separate vaccines, according to the results of a new Cochrane review. (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

A live attenuated Bordetella pertussis candidate vaccine does not cause disseminating infection in IFN-{gamma} receptor knockout mice.

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology — Tue, 21 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Skerry CM, Cassidy JP, English K, Feunou-Feunou P, Locht C, Mahon BP Bordetella pertussis, is the cause of whooping cough and responsible for 300,000 infant deaths per annum. Current vaccines require six months to confer optimal immunity to infants, the population at highest risk. Recently, an attenuated strain of B. pertussis (BPZE1) has been developed to be used as a low-cost, live, intra-nasal, single-dose vaccine for newborns. Pre-clinical proof of concept has been established, however, it is necessary to evaluate the safety of BPZE1, especially in immunodeficient models, prior to human clinical trials. Here, the preclinical safety of BPZE1 was examined in well characterized murine models. Immunocompetent and IFN-gamma receptor knockout mice were challenged by aerosol with...

Editorial Commentary: Bordetella pertussis Booster Vaccination for Health Care Personnel Immediately Following a Pertussis Outbreak in a Hospital?

Clinical Infectious Diseases Latest Issue — Mon, 20 Jul 2009 15:28:26 +0100

Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 49, Issue 4, Page 588-590, 15 August 2009. (Source: Clinical Infectious Diseases Latest Issue)

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Pertussis before and after the introduction of acellular pertussis vaccines in Finland.

Vaccine — Sun, 19 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Elomaa A, He Q, Minh NN, Mertsola J In Finland, the whole-cell pertussis vaccine was replaced with acellular pertussis vaccine in the national immunisation schedule in 2005. Adolescent booster vaccinations were also included in the programme. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of these changes on the epidemiology and strain characteristics of Bordetella pertussis. From the national register, we first analysed all the laboratory diagnosed cases during the study years in 1999-2006. The major pool of the 6876 cases was among adolescents and adults. After the change of the programme and the introduction of the adolescent boosters, a general reduction of the incidence was noticed but this might be related to the natural epidemic cycles of pertussis. Secondly, a quest...

Kinrix (Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids and Acellular Pertussis Adsorbed and Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine)

What's New at CBER — Fri, 17 Jul 2009 13:48:00 +0100

Changes to your package insert to the Dosage and Administration section regarding visual inspection by the user for cracked vials or syringes prior to administration of the vaccine and non-use of product should those conditions exist. (Source: What's New at CBER)

Household survey of hepatitis B vaccine coverage among Brazilian children.

Vaccine — Wed, 15 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Luna EJ, Veras MA, Flannery B, de Moraes JC, We conducted a multi-stage household cluster survey to calculate hepatitis B vaccine coverage among children 18-30 months of age in 27 Brazilian cities. Hepatitis B vaccine is administered at birth, 1 month and 6 months of age by Brazil's national immunization program. Among 17,749 children surveyed, 40.2% received a birth dose until the first day of life, 94.8% received at least one dose of hepatitis B vaccine, and 86.7% completed the three-dose series by 12 months of age. Increased coverage with the birth dose and administration of hepatitis B in combination with diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis-Haemophilus influenzae type b antigens could improve protection against hepatitis B. PMID: 19616495 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] ...

MEDICAL NEWS & PERSPECTIVES: Unvaccinated Children Face Pertussis Risk: Some Parents Fear Vaccine More Than Infection

JAMA — Mon, 13 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100

(Source: JAMA)

Cocooning Infants: Tdap Immunization for New Parents in the Pediatric Office

Academic Pediatrics — Mon, 13 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Objective: Vaccination with tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) is recommended for adults who have close contact with infants aged (Source: Academic Pediatrics)

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A practical approach for exploration and modeling of the design space of a bacterial vaccine cultivation process

Biotechnology and Bioengineering — Sun, 12 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100

This article demonstrates how the general principles of PAT and process design space can be applied for an undefined biological product such as a whole cell vaccine. The approach chosen for model development described here, allows on line monitoring and control of cultivation batches in order to assure in real time that a process is running within the process design space. Biotechnol. Bioeng. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Biotechnology and Bioengineering)

Bordetella pertussis Booster Vaccination for Health Care Personnel Immediately Following a Pertussis Outbreak in a Hospital?

Clinical Infectious Diseases Latest Issue — Fri, 10 Jul 2009 02:21:09 +0100

Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Latest Articles. (Source: Clinical Infectious Diseases Latest Issue)

Kinetics of Pertussis Immune Responses to Tetanus‐Diphtheria‐Acellular Pertussis Vaccine in Health Care Personnel: Implications for Outbreak Control

Clinical Infectious Diseases Latest Issue — Fri, 10 Jul 2009 02:16:47 +0100

Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Latest Articles. We assessed the kinetics of the humoral immune response to pertussis antigens following vaccination of health care personnel with adult tetanus‐diphtheria‐acellular pertussis vaccine (Tdap). By 2 weeks after vaccination, 88%–94% of subjects demonstrated a booster response. This brisk response of adults to Tdap supports a role for vaccination in pertussis outbreak control. (Source: Clinical Infectious Diseases Latest Issue)

Online reporting system set up for swine flu vaccine

OnMedica Latest News — Mon, 06 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100

MHRA sets up portal for adverse reactions to TamifluRelated items from OnMedicaMeasles deaths fall sharply globallyNew clinical leads appointed for NHS IT programmeParents of new babies should have whooping cough boosterNew technology creates its own problemsWebsites warned over illegal promotion of medicines (Source: OnMedica Latest News)