MedWorm: Yellow Fever Vaccination

Dynamic T cell migration program provides resident memory within intestinal epithelium

The Journal of Experimental Medicine — Mon, 15 Mar 2010 17:12:57 +0100

Migration to intestinal mucosa putatively depends on local activation because gastrointestinal lymphoid tissue induces expression of intestinal homing molecules, whereas skin-draining lymph nodes do not. This paradigm is difficult to reconcile with reports of intestinal T cell responses after alternative routes of immunization. We reconcile this discrepancy by demonstrating that activation within spleen results in intermediate induction of homing potential to the intestinal mucosa. We further demonstrate that memory T cells within small intestine epithelium do not routinely recirculate with memory T cells in other tissues, and we provide evidence that homing is similarly dynamic in humans after subcutaneous live yellow fever vaccine immunization. These data explain why systemic immunizatio...

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Transfusion-Related Transmission of Yellow Fever Vaccine Virus -- California, 2009

Medscape Today Headlines — Thu, 11 Mar 2010 11:10:12 +0100

This report provides the first serologic evidence for transmission of yellow fever vaccine virus through infected blood products. What preventive steps are needed? Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

Efficacy of 2'-C-Methylcytidine Against Yellow Fever Virus in Cell Culture and in a Hamster Model.

Antiviral Research — Thu, 11 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Julander JG, Jha AK, Choi JA, Jung KH, Smee DF, Morrey JD, Chu CK Yellow fever virus (YFV) continues to cause outbreaks of disease in endemic areas where vaccine is underutilized. Due to the effectiveness of the vaccine, antiviral development solely for the treatment of YFV is not feasible, but antivirals that are effective in the treatment of related viral diseases may be characterized for potential use against YFV as a secondary indication disease. 2'-C-methylcytidine (2'-C-MeC), a compound active against hepatitis C virus, was found to have activity against the 17D vaccine strain of YFV in cell culture (EC(90)=0.32mug/ml, SI=141). This compound was effective when added as late as 16h after virus challenge of Vero cells. When administered to YFV-infected hamsters 4hours prio...

Characterizing the acceptability of a vaccine for West Nile virus by public health practitioners.

Vaccine — Sat, 27 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

This study examines health care personnel's knowledge of West Nile virus (WNv) and attitudes towards a proposed chimeric yellow fever/WNv vaccine within the province of Saskatchewan. Telephone and in-person interviews with medical health officers and public health nurses provided information with which to assess the acceptability of implementing vaccination as a component for prevention of WNv within the province with the highest number of WNv cases to date in western Canada. The majority of health care professionals felt confident in the potential efficacy of vaccination for prevention of WNv but suggested that targeted vaccination programs could be most effective. PMID: 20197131 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine)

Yellow fever vaccine: Meningitis and meningoencephalitis: 4 case reports

Reactions — Mon, 22 Feb 2010 14:16:47 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

Nursing Mothers Should Avoid Yellow Fever Vaccine

MedPage Today Public Health — Sat, 13 Feb 2010 23:57:26 +0100

A single case report has raised concern that yellow fever vaccine virus may be transmitted through breast milk, suggesting the need to avoid administering the vaccine to breastfeeding women. (Source: MedPage Today Public Health)

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Transmission of Yellow Fever Vaccine Virus Through Breast-Feeding --- Brazil, 2009

CDC Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report — Fri, 12 Feb 2010 13:39:59 +0100

(Source: CDC Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report)

Transmission of yellow Fever vaccine virus through breast-feeding --- Brazil, 2009.

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... — Fri, 12 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

This report summarizes the results of that investigation, which determined that the infant acquired yellow fever vaccine virus through breast-feeding. The mother reported 2 days of headache, malaise, and low fever occurring 5 days after receipt of yellow fever vaccine. The infant, who was exclusively breast-fed, was hospitalized at age 23 days with seizures requiring continuous infusion of intravenous anticonvulsants. The infant received antimicrobial and antiviral treatment for meningoencephalitis. The presence of 17DD yellow fever virus was detected by reverse transcription--polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in the infant's cerebrospinal fluid (CSF); yellow fever--specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies also were present in serum and CSF. The infant recovered completely, was discharg...

Yellow fever vaccine: Longitudinal myelitis: case report

Reactions — Wed, 27 Jan 2010 14:05:47 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

Transfusion-Related Transmission of Yellow Fever Vaccine Virus --- California, 2009

CDC Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report — Fri, 22 Jan 2010 13:40:32 +0100

(Source: CDC Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report)

Transfusion-related transmission of yellow Fever vaccine virus --- California, 2009.

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... — Fri, 22 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

This report summarizes the subsequent investigation by the hospital and CDC to identify lapses in donor deferral and to determine whether transfusion-related transmission of YF vaccine virus occurred. The investigation found that a recent change in the timing of trainee vaccination had occurred and that vaccinees had not reported recent YF vaccination status at time of donation. Despite a prompt recall, six units of blood products were transfused into five patients. No clinical evidence or laboratory abnormalities consistent with a serious adverse reaction were identified in four recipients within the first month after transfusion; the fifth patient, who had prostate cancer and end-stage, transfusion-dependent, B-cell lymphoma, died while in hospice care. Three of the four surviving patien...

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Transfusion-related transmission of yellow fever vaccine virus--California, 2009.

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... — Fri, 22 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Impact of yellow fever outbreaks on two howler monkey species (Alouatta guariba clamitans and A. caraya) in Misiones, Argentina

American Journal of Primatology — Thu, 21 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Two yellow fever outbreaks (YFOs) ocurred in northeastern Argentina between November 2007 and October 2008, seriously affecting populations of two howler monkey species: the brown howler Alouatta guariba clamitans and the black howler Alouatta caraya. Both howlers live syntopically in El Piñalito Provincial Park, Misiones, where four groups (36 individuals) were studied since January 2005. The first dead howlers were found on January 20, 2008, in El Piñalito. Systematic searches found 14 dead howlers within the area (12 from the study groups and two from neighboring groups), with only two young seen on January 25, 2008, and none found since up to December 2008. In October 2008, another YFO hit howler monkey populations from El Soberbio, Misiones. Overall, 59 howlers were found dead in Mi...

Xcellerex Initiates Phase I Clinical Trial Of Novel Yellow Fever Vaccine

Health News from Medical News Today — Thu, 14 Jan 2010 04:00:00 +0100

Xcellerex, Inc. today announced that it has initiated a Phase I clinical trial of XRX-001, a novel, prophylactic vaccine against yellow fever, a tropical virus disease that is often fatal. The company is developing the vaccine to prevent yellow fever in persons traveling to tropical countries where yellow fever is endemic. The only currently available yellow fever vaccine is an attenuated, live vaccine with rare but potentially serious adverse effects. XRX-001 is an inactivated virus vaccine adsorbed to alum adjuvant... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Xcellerex Initiates Phase I Clinical Trial Of Novel Yellow Fever Vaccine

Immune System / Vaccines News From Medical News Today — Thu, 14 Jan 2010 04:00:00 +0100

Xcellerex launches yellow-fever vaccine trial

bizjournals.com Health Care:Biotechnology headlines — Wed, 13 Jan 2010 18:59:34 +0100

Xcellerex Inc., a privately held provider of manufacturing systems for biotherapeutics and vaccines, has begun a phase 1 clinical trial for its yellow fever vaccine, XRX-001. (Source: bizjournals.com Health Care:Biotechnology headlines)

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Xcellerex Initiates Phase I Clinical Trial of Novel Yellow Fever Vaccine

Pharmaceutical Online News — Tue, 12 Jan 2010 18:41:00 +0100

Yellow fever vaccine: First report of Kawasaki's syndrome, in a child: case report

Reactions — Mon, 11 Jan 2010 14:23:59 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

Guinea: Vaccine Drive Set as Yellow Fever Strikes

AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine — Fri, 08 Jan 2010 21:35:51 +0100

Guinean health officials plan this month to vaccinate more than 250,000 people in the northeast against yellow fever after one confirmed and several suspected cases emerged in the region. (Source: AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine)

Navelbine 20mg, 30mg, 80mg capsules (vinorelbine) - Revised SPC

NeLM - Oncology — Mon, 04 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Source: eMC (electronic Medicines Compendium) Area: Other Library Updates > SPC Changes Revised SPC includes changes to: Section 4.3 (Contraindications) - Platelet count < 75000/mm3; patients with rare hereditary problems of fructose intolerance; in combination with yellow fever vaccine: see section 4.5 Section 4.4 (Special warnings and precautions for Use) - Caution must be exercised when combining Navelbine and strong inhibitors or inducers of CYP3A4 (see section 4.5), and its combination with phenytoin (like all cytotoxics) and with itraconazole (like all vinca alkaloids) is not recommended. Navelbine soft capsule is associated with a higher incidence of nausea/vomiting than the intravenous formulation. Primary prophylaxis with anti...

Yellow fever vaccination in HIV-infected patients

Future HIV Therapy — Tue, 22 Dec 2009 14:37:11 +0100

HIV Therapy , January 2010, Vol. 4, No. 1, Pages 17-26. (Source: Future HIV Therapy)

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Incidence of yellow Fever vaccine-associated neurotropic disease.

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene — Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Guimard T, Minjolle S, Polard E, Fily F, Zeller H, Michelet C, Tattevin P Although the yellow fever 17D strain live-attenuated vaccine has been widely used over the past seven decades with a long history of safe records, recent reports of serious, sometimes fatal, adverse events, raised concerns about its tolerance. We extracted all cases of serious neurologic adverse events that occurred within 30 days of yellow fever vaccination in our institution during 2000-2008. Four cases (meningitis, n = 2 and meningo-encephalitis, n = 2) were identified. The male:female ratio was 3:1, and ages ranged from 21 to 55 years. Cerebrospinal fluid examination showed pleocytosis (10-82 cells/mm(3), 64-84% lymphocytes), with slightly elevated protein levels (0.4-0.68 g/L). All symptoms resolved...

Yellow fever vaccine: Yellow fever vaccine-related viscerotropic disease: 5 case reports

Reactions — Mon, 30 Nov 2009 14:07:30 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

Liberia: Yellow Fever Vaccine Push Amid Shortages, Resurgence

AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine — Mon, 30 Nov 2009 11:16:40 +0100

The world's first multi-country yellow fever vaccination campaign began on 23 November, with 12 million people targeted across Benin, Liberia and Sierra Leone. The push comes as the killer mosquito-borne disease is resurging in some sub-Saharan African countries and vaccine stocks are running low. (Source: AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine)

Nigeria: Who's Costly Mistake

AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine — Fri, 27 Nov 2009 08:31:47 +0100

THE decision of the World Health Organisation (WHO) to exclude Nigeria from the ongoing mass vaccination campaign to protect people from the yellow fever disease in West Africa, is absurd and bound to be counter-productive. (Source: AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine)

Also In Global Health News: Vaccination Campaign In Liberia; Cell Phones For Family Planning Services; Global Fund In Myanmar

Health News from Medical News Today — Tue, 24 Nov 2009 13:00:00 +0100

Liberia Aims To Reach 3M With Yellow Fever Vaccine Liberia's Daily Observer reports on a yellow fever vaccination campaign to begin this week that will aim to inoculate 3 million Liberians. (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

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Also In Global Health News: Vaccination Campaign In Liberia; Cell Phones For Family Planning Services; Global Fund In Myanmar

Tropical Diseases News From Medical News Today — Tue, 24 Nov 2009 13:00:00 +0100

WHO/UNICEF : Largest-ever Yellow Fever vaccination campaign targets nearly 12 million people

WHO Maternal, Newborn and Child Health — Tue, 24 Nov 2009 09:29:00 +0100

17 NOVEMBER 2009 | GENEVA/NEW YORK - The largest-ever yellow fever mass vaccination campaign is taking place across three African countries. (Source: WHO Maternal, Newborn and Child Health)

West Africa: Multi-Nation Yellow Fever Vaccine Push Begins

AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine — Mon, 23 Nov 2009 18:52:16 +0100

Millions get yellow fever vaccine

BBC News | Health | UK Edition — Mon, 23 Nov 2009 11:29:11 +0100

The largest ever mass immunisation against yellow fever starts in West Africa, targeting 12 million people. (Source: BBC News | Health | UK Edition)

Diseases and injuries associated with travel among students, employees and teachers of the Central University of Venezuela during the national summer vacations

Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease — Mon, 23 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

The objective of this study was to describe the incidence of disease and injuries associated with travel, etiology, risk factors and medical management in a cross-sectional evaluation of university students, employees and teachers of the Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela, who returned from domestic travel. A questionnaire completed by 500 individuals was used to evaluate the incidence of disease and injuries associated with travel, the etiology, risk factors and medical management in university students, employees and teachers of Caracas, Venezuela. From the total who accepted and responded to the interview (460, 92%), 50.8% were females. Almost half of them had some vaccination before travel for: measles 78%, rubella 73.6%, hepatitis B 57%, Yellow fever 53.7%. After trav...

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WHO To Launch Yellow Fever Vaccination Campaign In West Africa

Tropical Diseases News From Medical News Today — Thu, 19 Nov 2009 13:00:00 +0100

The WHO on Tuesday announced it would lead a week-long, multi-country vaccination campaign in Africa next week to protect those "deemed at highest risk from yellow fever," Reuters reports. The vaccination drive will target nearly 12 million Africans living in Benin, Liberia and Sierra Leone - all countries at high risk of yellow fever outbreaks (Nebehay/MacInnis, 11/17). (Source: Tropical Diseases News From Medical News Today)

WHO To Launch Yellow Fever Vaccination Campaign In West Africa

Health News from Medical News Today — Thu, 19 Nov 2009 13:00:00 +0100

Africa: The Nation, Others to Benefit From WHO Yellow Fever Vaccination

AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine — Thu, 19 Nov 2009 11:27:02 +0100

The largest-ever mass vaccination campaign to protect people from yellow fever disease will begin next week across three West African countries, the World Health Organisation (WHO) has announced. (Source: AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine)

Viruses within the Flaviviridae Decrease CD4 Expression and Inhibit HIV Replication in Human CD4+ Cells.

Journal of Immunology — Wed, 18 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Xiang J, McLinden JH, Rydze RA, Chang Q, Kaufman TM, Klinzman D, Stapleton JT Viral infections alter host cell homeostasis and this may lead to immune evasion and/or interfere with the replication of other microbes in coinfected hosts. Two flaviviruses are associated with a reduction in HIV replication or improved survival in HIV-infected people (dengue virus (DV) and GB virus type C (GBV-C)). GBV-C infection and expression of the GBV-C nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) and the DV NS5 protein in CD4(+) T cells inhibit HIV replication in vitro. To determine whether the inhibitory effect on HIV replication is conserved among other flaviviruses and to characterize mechanism(s) of HIV inhibition, the NS5 proteins of GBV-C, DV, hepatitis C virus, West Nile virus, and yellow fever vir...

West Africa: Health Teams Launch Mass Yellow Fever Vaccinations

AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine — Tue, 17 Nov 2009 15:23:35 +0100

The largest-ever mass vaccination campaign protecting populations from the dangerously infectious yellow fever disease will begin next week across three West African countries, the United Nations World Health Organization (WHO) announced today. (Source: AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine)

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Yellow fever vaccination campaign to start

WHO news — Tue, 17 Nov 2009 10:00:00 +0100

17 November 2009 -- The largest-ever yellow fever mass vaccination campaign will kick off next week across three African countries. The week-long event will target 11.9 million people across Benin, Liberia and Sierra Leone, all three of which are at high risk of yellow fever outbreaks. (Source: WHO news)

Yellow fever vaccination drive to cover almost 12 million West Africans - UN

UN News Centre - Health, Poverty, Food Security — Tue, 17 Nov 2009 05:00:00 +0100

Hepatitis A vaccine/yellow fever vaccine: Autoimmune hepatitis: case report

Reactions — Mon, 16 Nov 2009 14:06:44 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

Yellow fever vaccine: Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis: case report

Reactions — Mon, 16 Nov 2009 14:06:44 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

Optimization of a dendritic cell-based assay for the in vitro priming of naive human CD4(+) T cells.

Journal of Immunological Methods — Mon, 16 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Moser JM, Sassano ER, Leistritz DC, Eatrides JM, Phogat S, Koff W, Drake DR Methods to prime human CD4(+) T cells in vitro would be of significant value for the preclinical evaluation of vaccine candidates and other immunotherapeutics. However, to date, there is no reliable method for the induction of primary human T cell responses in the laboratory. Here, we optimized a culture strategy incorporating highly purified lymphocytes and dendritic cells, in the absence of any exogenous growth factors, for the in vitro sensitization of naïve CD4(+) T cells against a variety of protein antigens. This fully autologous approach, which was superior to the more traditional PBMC assay for supporting the induction of primary human T helper cell responses in culture, elicited effector ...

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Yellow Fever Vaccine Contraindications Clarified

Internal Medicine News — Sun, 15 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

ATLANTA — The yellow fever vaccine is contraindicated for individuals receiving immunosuppressive therapies and for those with immunosuppressant conditions, but it can be used with caution in pregnant and breastfeeding women and in HIV-infected individuals with mild immunosuppression and no symptoms. (Source: Internal Medicine News)

Clinical and immunological insights on severe adverse neurotropic/viscerotropic disease following 17D yellow fever vaccination.

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology — Wed, 11 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Silva ML, Espírito-Santo LR, Martins MA, Silveira-Lemos D, Peruhype-Magalhães V, Caminha RC, de Andrade Maranhão-Filho P, Martins MA, de Menezes Martins R, Galler R, Freire MD, Marcovistz R, Homma A, Teuwen DE, Elói-Santos SM, Andrade MC, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Martins-Filho OA Yellow fever vaccines (17D-204 and 17DD) are well tolerated, with a very low rate of severe adverse events (YEL-SAE), such as serious allergic reactions, neurotropic (YEL-AND) and viscerotropic (YEL-AVD) diseases. Viral and host factors have been postulated to explain the basis of YEL-SAE. However, the mechanisms underlying the occurrence of YEL-SAE still remain unknown. In the present investigation, a detailed immunological analysis of a 23-year-old female patient is presented. The pa...

Direct random insertion of an influenza virus immunologic determinant into the NS1 glycoprotein of a vaccine flavivirus.

Virology — Wed, 11 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Rumyantsev AA, Zhang ZX, Gao QS, Moretti N, Brown N, Kleanthous H, Delagrave S, Guirakhoo F, Collett MS, Pugachev KV A live chimeric vaccine virus against Japanese encephalitis (JE), ChimeriVax-JE, was used to define methods for optimal, random insertion of foreign immunologic determinants into flavivirus glycoproteins. The conserved M2e peptide of influenza A virus was randomly inserted into the yellow fever-specific NS1 glycoprotein of ChimeriVax-JE. A technique combining plaque purification with immunostaining yielded a recombinant virus that stably expressed M2e at NS1-236 site. The site was found permissive for other inserts. The insertion inhibited NS1 dimerization in vitro, which had no significant effect on virus replication in vitro and immunogenicity in vivo. Two dif...

Membrane and envelope virus proteins co-expressed as lysosome associated membrane protein (LAMP) fused antigens: a potential tool to develop DNA vaccines against flaviviruses.

An Acad Bras Cienc — Sun, 08 Nov 2009 20:42:54 +0100

Authors: Dhalia R, Maciel M, Cruz FS, Viana IF, Palma ML, August T, Marques ET Vaccination is the most practical and cost-effective strategy to prevent the majority of the flavivirus infection to which there is an available vaccine. However, vaccines based on attenuated virus can potentially promote collateral side effects and even rare fatal reactions. Given this scenario, the development of alternative vaccination strategies such as DNA-based vaccines encoding specific flavivirus sequences are being considered. Endogenous cytoplasmic antigens, characteristically plasmid DNA-vaccine encoded, are mainly presented to the immune system through Major Histocompatibility Complex class I - MHC I molecules. The MHC I presentation via is mostly associated with a cellular cytotoxic response and...

H1N1 vaccines too little, too late; most people already exposed and immune (opinion)

NaturalNews.com — Fri, 06 Nov 2009 07:00:00 +0100

(NaturalNews) The Big Pharma frenzy over H1N1 vaccines has turned into a circus of hilarious medical quackery thanks to the fact that by the time the vaccines are available, most people will have already been exposed to the virus. Hence, most people will have already built up their own H1N1 antibodies, rendering the vaccine not just useless, but downright laughable.Even with the outlandish rush to get these vaccines approved by the FDA -- a hurry that saw the complete abandonment of the principles of "scientific testing" -- Big Pharma just couldn't get these vaccines produced quickly enough to beat the virus itself. Taking a vaccine shot after you've already been exposed is medically useless. It's equivalent to putting on your seat belt after getting into a car wreck.Even U.S. News and Wor...

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Administer Yellow Fever Vaccine With Caution

Ob.Gyn. News — Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Exploring the molecular basis of insecticide resistance in the dengue vector Aedes aegypti: a case study in Martinique Island (French West Indies)

BMC Genomics - Latest articles — Mon, 26 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: These results suggest that the high level of insecticide resistance found in Ae. aegypti mosquitoes from Martinique island is the consequence of both target-site and metabolic based resistance mechanisms. Insecticide resistance levels and associated mechanisms are discussed in relation with the environmental context of Martinique Island. These finding have important implications for dengue vector control in Martinique and emphasizes the need to develop new tools and strategies for maintaining an effective control of Aedes mosquito populations worldwide. (Source: BMC Genomics - Latest articles)

[Vaccination and multiple sclerosis.]

Der Nervenarzt — Fri, 16 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Löbermann M, Winkelmann A, Reisinger EC, Zettl UK Vaccinations to prevent communicable diseases are, like in other chronic diseases, of special importance in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Various bacterial and viral infections have been shown to induce relapses of MS. Reports of possible adverse effects of vaccinations on the course of multiple sclerosis have led patients and treating physicians to exercise caution in the use of vaccines. A number of vaccines have been studied with respect to the risk in MS patients. Some vaccines, for example against yellow fever, are not indicated in MS due to the risk of MS exacerbation. In contrast, tetanus or hepatitis B vaccines do not represent a risk for manifestation or disease progression of MS. Before and during immuno...

Yellow fever vaccine and egg allergy: really a problem?

Allergy — Sun, 11 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

(Source: Allergy)

Preclinical and clinical development of YFV 17D-based chimeric vaccines against dengue, West Nile and Japanese encephalitis viruses.

Vaccine — Fri, 02 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Guy B, Guirakhoo F, Barban V, Higgs S, Monath TP, Lang J Dengue viruses (DENV), West Nile virus (WNV) and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) are major global health and growing medical problems. While a live-attenuated vaccine exists since decades against the prototype flavivirus, yellow fever virus (YFV), there is an urgent need for vaccines against dengue or West Nile diseases, and for improved vaccines against Japanese encephalitis. Live-attenuated chimeric viruses were constructed by replacing the genes coding for Premembrane (prM) and Envelope (E) proteins from YFV 17D vaccine strain with those of heterologous flaviviruses (ChimeriVax technology). This technology has been used to produce vaccine candidates for humans, for construction of a horse vaccine for West Nile fever...

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Yellow fever in Cameroon

WHO Disease Outbreaks — Thu, 01 Oct 2009 11:50:00 +0100

On 8 September 2009, The Ministry of Health (MoH), Cameroon reported a laboratory-confirmed case of yellow fever, identified through routine yellow fever surveillance. The index case is from Kotto 1 - Bomboko village, Buea Health District, South-West Province. A reactive mass vaccination campaign is planned for October 2009 in two districts, Buea and Mbongue, with a target population of 165,138. (Source: WHO Disease Outbreaks)

Learning immunology from the yellow fever vaccine: innate immunity to systems vaccinology

Nature Reviews Immunology — Thu, 17 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 741 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2629 Author: Bali Pulendran Despite their great success, we understand little about how effective vaccines stimulate protective immune responses. Two recent developments promise to yield such understanding: the appreciation of the crucial role of the innate immune system in sensing microorganisms and tuning immune responses, and advances in systems (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)

Yellow Fever in a Brazilian Family Returning From Vacation in an Endemic Area: Relevant Clinical Features and Epidemiological Issues

Journal of Travel Medicine — Wed, 09 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100

We report three cases of yellow fever (YF) in a family traveling from the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil (without previous vaccination) to an endemic area, acquiring the disease and presenting mild-to-moderate symptoms. Despite posing the intermittent risk of YF in endemic areas, it also alerts to the threat of introduction and spread of YF in the urban cycle, when infected travelers return to non-endemic areas where potential vectors are highly prevalent. (Source: Journal of Travel Medicine)

Yellow fever

MayoClinic.com Full Feed — Thu, 27 Aug 2009 05:00:00 +0100

— Comprehensive overview covers symptoms, vaccine for this sometimes deadly mosquito-borne disease. Sponsored by:Chemotherapy.com - http://www.chemotherapy.com (Source: MayoClinic.com Full Feed)

Monitoring adverse events following yellow fever vaccination using an integrated telephone and Internet-based system.

Vaccine — Sun, 23 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Durbin AP, Setse R, Omer SB, Palmer JG, Spaeder JA, Baker J, Lessans F, Halsey NA TeleWatch is an automated telephone/Internet-based system that collects medical product adverse event reports in real-time through an algorithm driven by the patient. 1341 patients, who received yellow fever vaccine and were recruited through 15 travel clinics, contacted the system within 48h of vaccination and 765 (57%) made follow-up contacts. Participation rates were higher among females and persons older than 60 years of age. TeleWatch can be expanded for use in large campaigns involving influenza or other vaccines. PMID: 19712766 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine)

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Vaccination as a Triggering Event for Autoimmune Hepatitis

Seminars in Liver Disease — Thu, 13 Aug 2009 10:53:53 +0100

Semin Liver Dis 2009; 29: 331-334DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1233537ABSTRACTThe pathogenesis of autoimmune hepatitis entails complex interactions between triggering factors, autoantigens, genetic predisposition, and immunoregulatory networks. Implicated triggering factors are numerous and include toxins, medications, and infectious agents. In this article, we present a unique case of a 31-year-old woman with severe autoimmune hepatitis apparently abruptly triggered by vaccination. All evidence suggests this was an idiosyncratic response to either hepatitis A or yellow fever vaccination.[...]© Thieme Medical PublishersGet connected:Table of contents | Abstract | Full text (Source: Seminars in Liver Disease)

Rabies exposure in international travelers: do we miss the target?

International Journal of Infectious Diseases — Thu, 13 Aug 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: We suggest that rabies pre-exposure vaccination should be offered to individuals traveling regularly to North Africa to visit their relatives and who are at high risk of exposure to potentially rabid animal attacks. Pre-travel advice when addressing rabies prevention should consider the specific epidemiology of animal-related injuries in the traveled country, as well as the traveler's characteristics. Travelers should be advised about which species of animal are potentially aggressive in their destination country so that they can more easily avoid risk-contacts. (Source: International Journal of Infectious Diseases)

Viscerotropic disease following yellow fever vaccination in Peru.

Vaccine — Sun, 09 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Whittembury A, Ramirez G, Hernández H, Ropero AM, Waterman S, Ticona M, Brinton M, Uchuya J, Gershman M, Toledo W, Staples E, Campos C, Martínez M, Chang GJ, Cabezas C, Lanciotti R, Zaki S, Montgomery JM, Monath T, Hayes E Five suspected cases of yellow fever vaccine-associated viscerotropic disease (YEL-AVD) clustered in space and time following a vaccination campaign in Ica, Peru in 2007. All five people received the same lot of 17DD live attenuated yellow fever vaccine before their illness; four of the five died of confirmed YEL-AVD. The surviving case was classified as probable YEL-AVD. Intensive investigation yielded no abnormalities of the implicated vaccine lot and no common risk factors. This is the first described space-time cluster of yellow fever viscerotr...

TLR expression and NK cell activation after human yellow fever vaccination.

Vaccine — Tue, 28 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Neves PC, Matos DC, Marcovistz R, Galler R The yellow fever vaccine is very effective with a single injection conferring protection for atleast 10 years. Recent evidence suggests that the innate immune cells activated through Toll-like receptors (TLRs), are critical determinants of the robustness of the adaptive response. Therefore, we investigated the NK cell status in eight healthy volunteers after vaccination with YF 17DD virus. Shortly after vaccination, we observed increased expression of TLR-3 and TLR-9 in NK cells and markers such as CD69, HLA-DP-DQ-DR, CD38 and CD16. The up-regulation of CD69 was positively correlated with the presence of TLRs throughout the post-vaccination period and the circulating IFN-gamma was significantly augmented. These results suggest that TL...

Abu Dhabi group launches vaccine service

Healthcare — Mon, 01 Jun 2009 07:12:39 +0100

The Abu Dhabi Health Services Company's Ambulatory Healthcare Services has announced the launch of its Travel Medicine service which offers some of the most commonly used vaccines such as Meningococcal, Yellow Fever, Typhoid, Malaria Prophylaxis, Rabies and Hepatitis A to travellers. The centres will be open Sunday through to Thursday. (Source: Healthcare)

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The Brazilian vaccine manufacturers' perspective and its current status.

Mon, 01 Jun 2009 04:00:00 +0100

This article aims to give an overview of the current situation and perspectives for the Brazilian vaccine manufacturers, who play strong roles for developing countries in this field. The research, development and production of immunobiologicals in Brazil, especially vaccines for human use, is mainly supported by governmental institutions linked to the Ministry of Health as part of a strategy that prioritizes the public sector for access to vaccines and other biologicals that are regarded essential for the population. As a result, 83% of the vaccines required in 2007 were provided by national vaccine producers and only 17% were imported, mainly to reference centers for special vaccines that were used for special patients. Moreover, the country has actively exported yellow fever vaccine sinc...

Yellow fever vaccine - how does it work and why do rare cases of serious adverse events take place?

Current Opinion in Immunology — Sun, 31 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Barrett AD, Teuwen DE Yellow fever 17D vaccine is one of the most successful vaccines ever developed and over 540 million doses have been used. Nevertheless there has been very little known about the mechanism of protection induced by the vaccine. The last couple of years have seen important advances made in understanding how the vaccine works involving studies of the innate and adaptive immune responses plus a systems biology approach. Like all vaccines, the 17D vaccine causes rare serious adverse events (SAEs) following immunization. At present, the mechanism(s) of SAEs is(are) poorly understood but our advances in understanding the immune response induced by the vaccine have promise to help elucidate the mechanism of SAEs. PMID: 19520559 [PubMed - in process] (Source: C...

International Health Organizations Urge More Funding For Yellow Fever Vaccine Stockpile

Health News from Medical News Today — Thu, 28 May 2009 08:00:00 +0100

The International Coordinating Group (ICG) on Yellow Fever Vaccine Provision is warning that the global emergency stockpile of yellow fever vaccine for the world's most vulnerable populations in Africa is under threat. The current stockpile is scheduled to run out in 2010 and there is no funding to cover campaigns once the stockpile is depleted. (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

More funding urged for yellow fever vaccine stockpile

WHO news — Tue, 26 May 2009 13:00:00 +0100

26 May 2009 -- The International Coordinating Group (ICG) on Yellow Fever Vaccine Provision is warning that the global emergency stockpile of yellow fever vaccine for the world’s most vulnerable populations in Africa is under threat. (Source: WHO news)

Antirheumatics/immunosuppressants/yellow fever vaccine: Various toxicities: 16 case reports

Reactions — Sun, 10 May 2009 16:18:37 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

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Antirheumatics/immunosuppressants/yellow fever vaccine: Various toxicities: 16 case reports.

Reactions Weekly — Sun, 10 May 2009 16:16:27 +0100

Page: 8 (Source: Reactions Weekly)

Successful Immunization of an Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplant Recipient with Live, Attenuated Yellow Fever Vaccine

Journal of Travel Medicine — Mon, 04 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100

We report the successful and uneventful immunization of a 62-year-old man with a history of allogeneic bone marrow transplant and discuss evidence for this recommendation. (Source: Journal of Travel Medicine)

Highly specific detection of antibodies to tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus in humans using a domain III antigen and a sensitive immune complex (IC) ELISA

Journal of Clinical Virology — Fri, 01 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Obviously, the IC ELISA is able to detect human antibodies to small antigens with only few serotype-specific epitopes with high specificity and sensitivity. (Source: Journal of Clinical Virology)

Existing antiviral vaccines

Dermatologic Therapy — Wed, 25 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100

This article will review vaccination for the following viral diseases: measles, mumps, rubella, polio, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, influenza, rotavirus, rabies, monkeypox, smallpox, Japanese encephalitis, and yellow fever. (Source: Dermatologic Therapy)

Yellow Fever Vaccine Safe and Immunogenic for HIV-Infected Patients

Medscape Allergy Headlines — Mon, 23 Mar 2009 14:19:50 +0100

Live, attenuated yellow fever vaccine (17DV) appears to be safe and immunogenic in patients infected with HIV, Swiss and German researchers report. Reuters Health Information (Source: Medscape Allergy Headlines)

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Development of a human-murine chimeric immunoglobulin M for use in the serological detection of human flavivirus antibodies.

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology — Wed, 18 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Thibodeaux BA, Roehrig JT Current diagnosis of human flaviviral infections relies heavily on serological techniques such as the immunoglobulin (Ig) M antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MAC-ELISA). Broad application of this assay is hindered by the lack of standardized positive human control sera that react with the wide variety of flaviviruses that can cause human disease, e.g., dengue (DEN), West Nile (WN), yellow fever (YF), Japanese encephalitis (JE), and Saint Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV). We have created a human-murine chimeric antibody combining the variable regions of a broadly flavivirus cross-reactive murine monoclonal antibody (MAb) 6B6C-1, and the constant region of human IgM to produce a standardized reagent capable of replacing human positive c...

A note of caution on yellow fever vaccination during maraviroc treatment: a hypothesis on a potential dangerous interaction.

AIDS — Thu, 26 Feb 2009 15:32:41 +0100

Page: 542DOI: 10.1097/QAD.0b013e328323aeb4Authors: Roukens, Anna H; Visser, Leo G; Kroon, Frank P (Source: AIDS)

Cluster-sample surveys and lot quality assurance sampling to evaluate yellow fever immunisation coverage following a national campaign, Bolivia, 2007

Tropical Medicine and International Health — Wed, 28 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Estimated YF coverage was high. Discrepancies between administrative coverage and LQAS results may be due to incorrect population data. Even allowing for clustering in LQAS, the statistical errors would remain low. Catch-up campaigns are recommended in districts with unacceptable coverage. (Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health)

Guinea: UN Health Agency Backs Mass Yellow Fever Vaccination Campaign

AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine — Wed, 14 Jan 2009 16:59:50 +0100

A large-scale yellow fever vaccination campaign has been slated for later this month in Guinea after the United Nations World Health Organization (WHO) confirmed two men had contracted the deadly disease in the West African nation. (Source: AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine)

Vaccines: Predicting immunity

Nature Reviews Immunology — Wed, 24 Dec 2008 03:29:46 +0100

Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 4 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2478 Author: Olive Leavy Two recent studies have used systems biology approaches to identify early gene 'signatures' induced in humans vaccinated with the attenuated yellow fever vaccine YF17D that correlate with, and in some cases predict, the subsequent adaptive immune response.YF17D, which is one of the most effective (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)

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International Travel Health Alert: Yellow Fever Vaccine Shortage 2009

dukehealth.org: Duke Health News — Mon, 22 Dec 2008 23:47:01 +0100

All travelers who have recommendations or requirements for yellow fever vaccines on their travel itineraries need to contact licensed yellow fever travel clinics as soon as possible if they are traveling prior to July 2009. (Source: dukehealth.org: Duke Health News)

Yellow fever vaccine induces integrated multilineage and polyfunctional immune responses

The Journal of Experimental Medicine — Mon, 22 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100

In this study, we have used functional genomics and polychromatic flow cytometry to define the signature of the immune response to the yellow fever (YF) vaccine 17D (YF17D) in a cohort of 40 volunteers followed for up to 1 yr after vaccination. We show that immunization with YF17D leads to an integrated immune response that includes several effector arms of innate immunity, including complement, the inflammasome, and interferons, as well as adaptive immunity as shown by an early T cell response followed by a brisk and variable B cell response. Development of these responses is preceded, as demonstrated in three independent vaccination trials and in a novel in vitro system of primary immune responses (modular immune in vitro construct [MIMIC] system), by the coordinated up-regulation of tra...

Systems biology approach predicts immunogenicity of the yellow fever vaccine in humans

Nature Immunology — Sun, 23 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Troy D Querec, Rama S Akondy, Eva K Lee, Weiping Cao, Helder I Nakaya, Dirk Teuwen, Ali Pirani, Kim Gernert, Jiusheng Deng, Bruz Marzolf, Kathleen Kennedy, Haiyan Wu, Soumaya Bennouna, Herold Oluoch, Joseph Miller, Ricardo Z Vencio, Mark Mulligan, Alan Aderem, Rafi Ahmed & Bali Pulendran (Source: Nature Immunology)

Does yellow fever 17D vaccine protect against melanoma?

Vaccine — Thu, 13 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Mastrangelo G, Krone B, Fadda E, Buja A, Grange JM, Rausa G, Koelmel KF BCG vaccine, vaccinia vaccine and certain pathogens that were shown in previous studies to protect against melanoma have antigenic determinants homologous in their amino acids sequence with the melanoma antigen HERV-K-MEL, encoded by a human endogenous retrovirus K (HERV-K), which is expressed in about 95% of malignant melanocytes. Yellow fever vaccine (YFV) likewise contains an antigenic determinant with a close homology to HERV-K-MEL and might therefore also confer protection against melanoma. To investigate this possibility we carried out a cohort study (28,306 subjects) and a nested case-control study (37 melamona cases and 151 tumors not expressing HERV-K-MEL) in Veneto region (North-Eastern Italy). T...

Detection of West Nile Virus-Neutralizing Antibodies in Avian and Equine Serum Using a Surrogate Chimeric Virus.

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology — Wed, 12 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Komar N, Langevin S, Monath TP A chimeric yellow fever/West Nile virus was compared to West Nile virus (WNV) alone as a biosafety-level-2 reagent in the plaque reduction neutralization test for determining WNV infection histories. Concordance was 96.3% among 188 avian and equine serum samples. Neutralizing antibody titers were frequently >2-fold lower using the chimera. PMID: 19005021 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology)

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Burkina Faso: Yellow Fever Cases Spark Fresh Vaccine Campaign

AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine — Tue, 04 Nov 2008 05:05:39 +0100

Two boys in northern Burkina Faso have contracted yellow fever in a fresh outbreak of the disease that has already claimed the life of the eldest child, the United Nations World Health Organization (WHO) reported today. (Source: AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine)

Yellow fever vaccine: past, present and future

Expert Opinion: Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy: Table of Contents — Fri, 10 Oct 2008 12:56:52 +0100

Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy , November 2008, Vol. 8, No. 11, Pages 1787-1795. Background: Yellow fever is a re-emerging infectious disease, as vector control and routine immunisation have dwindled in endemic areas in the last few decades. There is a constant threat of outbreaks in the large susceptible non-immune population of the ... (Source: Expert Opinion: Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy: Table of Contents)

Analysis of Yellow Fever Vaccination Practice in England

Journal of Travel Medicine — Thu, 02 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions. The NaTHNaC program of registration, training, standards, and audit should help to meet important needs in practice settings and contribute to an improvement in travel health. (Source: Journal of Travel Medicine)

Adverse event reports following yellow fever vaccination.

Vaccine — Fri, 19 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Lindsey NP, Schroeder BA, Miller ER, Braun MM, Hinckley AF, Marano N, Slade BA, Barnett ED, Brunette GW, Horan K, Staples JE, Kozarsky PE, Hayes EB Yellow fever (YF) vaccine has been used for prevention of YF since 1937 with over 500 million doses administered. However, rare reports of severe adverse events following vaccination have raised concerns about the vaccine's safety. We reviewed reports of adverse events following YF vaccination reported to the U.S. Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) from 2000 to 2006. We used estimates of age and sex distribution of administered doses obtained from a 2006 survey of authorized vaccine providers to calculate age- and sex-specific reporting rates of all serious adverse events (SAE), anaphylaxis, YF vaccine-associated neurot...

Adverse Events Supposedly Attributable to vaccination of Yellow Fever.

Drug Safety — Thu, 04 Sep 2008 10:09:57 +0100

Page: 885Authors: S (1); M (2); A (1); M (1); I (1) (Source: Drug Safety)

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Cell-mediated immunity induced by chimeric tetravalent dengue vaccine in naive or flavivirus-primed subjects.

Vaccine — Fri, 29 Aug 2008 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Guy B, Nougarede N, Begue S, Sanchez V, Souag N, Carre M, Chambonneau L, Morrisson DN, Shaw D, Qiao M, Dumas R, Lang J, Forrat R Three independent, phase 1 clinical trials were conducted in Australia and in USA to assess the safety and immunogenicity of sanofi pasteur dengue vaccine candidates. In this context, Dengue 1-4 and Yellow Fever 17D-204 (YF 17D)-specific CD4 and CD8 cellular responses induced by tetravalent chimeric dengue vaccines (CYD) were analyzed in flavivirus-naive or flavivirus-immune patients. Tetravalent CYD vaccine did not trigger detectable changes in serum pro-inflammatory cytokines, whatever the vaccinees immune status, while inducing significant YF 17D NS3-specific CD8 responses and dengue serotype-specific T helper responses. These responses were domin...

Yellow fever vaccine: Viscerotropic disease: case report

Reactions — Mon, 18 Aug 2008 10:15:36 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

Yellow fever vaccine: Viscerotropic disease: case report.

Reactions Weekly — Sun, 17 Aug 2008 10:26:27 +0100

Page: 41 (Source: Reactions Weekly)

Larvicidal activity of lectins from Myracrodruon urundeuva on Aedes aegypti.

Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology and pharmacology : CBP — Fri, 15 Aug 2008 04:00:00 +0100

This report deals with the larvicidal activity of lectins isolated from Myracrodruon urundeuva bark (MuBL) and heartwood (MuHL). The lectins were isolated by ammonium sulphate treatment of crude extracts followed by chromatography on chitin. MuBL and MuHL were evaluated by electrophoresis under native (PAGE) and denaturing conditions (SDS-PAGE). Carbohydrate specificity of lectins was evaluated by hemagglutinating activity (HA) inhibition assay using N-acetyl-d-glucosamine and by affinity chromatography on N-acetyl-d-glucosamine immobilized in agarose gel. Larvicidal activity against A. aegypti was investigated with the extracts, salt fractions and isolated lectins. MuBL and MuHL were characterized by PAGE as basic proteins of molecular masses of 14.0 and 14.4 kDa, respectively. The intera...

The enigma of yellow fever in East Africa

Reviews in Medical Virology — Fri, 11 Jul 2008 04:00:00 +0100

Despite a safe and effective vaccine, there are approximately 200 000 cases, including 30 000 deaths, due to yellow fever virus (YFV) each year, of which 90% are in Africa. The natural history of YFV has been well described, especially in West Africa, but in East Africa yellow fever (YF) remains characterised by unpredictable focal periodicity and a precarious potential for large epidemics. Recent outbreaks of YF in Kenya (1992-1993) and Sudan (2003 and 2005) are important because each of these outbreaks have involved the re-emergence of a YFV genotype (East Africa) that remained undetected for nearly 40 years and was previously unconfirmed in a clinically apparent outbreak. In addition, unlike West Africa and South America, YF has yet to emerge in urban areas of East Africa and be vectore...

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Evidence for interferon production and its correlation with YF 17DD vaccine virus yields in primary chick embryo cells.

Virus Research — Thu, 10 Jul 2008 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Caride E, Borges MB, Marcovistz R, Galler R, Freire MD Early experiments have resulted in the establishment of an efficient methodology for the production of a yellow fever vaccine in chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) using the 17DD virus strain [Freire, M.S., Mann, G.F., Marchevsky, R.S., Yamamura, A.M., Almeida, L.F., Jabor, A.V., Malachias, J.M., Coutinho, E.S., Galler, R., 2005. Production of yellow fever 17DD vaccine virus in primary culture of chicken embryo fibroblasts: yields, thermo and genetic stability, attenuation and immunogenicity. Vaccine 23, 2501-2512]. To investigate the role of the interferon system in vaccine virus yields, CEF cultures seeded at high and low cell densities and infected with the yellow fever 17DD virus were used. The supernatants of these cult...

Cytokine and Platelet Levels Predict Severe Yellow Fever Vaccine Reaction

Medscape PublicHealth Headlines — Thu, 03 Jul 2008 02:54:17 +0100

Elevations in cytokines and reduced platelet counts are surrogate markers for patients likely to develop severe adverse reactions to yellow fever vaccination, according to a report in the June 1st issue of The Journal of Infectious Diseases. Reuters Health Information (Source: Medscape PublicHealth Headlines)

International laboratory network for yellow fever vaccine-associated adverse events.

Vaccine — Fri, 27 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Barrett AD, Niedrig M, Teuwen DE PMID: 18590790 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine)

Travelling for work: Seeking advice in South Africa.

Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease — Wed, 25 Jun 2008 23:03:07 +0100

Authors: Ross MH, Kielkowski D, de Frey A, Brink G Sub-Saharan Africa is a common destination for occupational travellers from South Africa. Adequate preventive measures require timeous medical consultation before travel. A secondary analysis of datasets of over 8000 occupational travellers who visited travel clinics in South Africa indicated that 82% were travelling to African countries and over 50% consulted less than a week before travel. For the 70% who consult less than 10 days before departure, yellow fever certificates issued at consultation would not be valid for entry to endemic countries, although they may be protected from contracting yellow fever. The 'last minute' travel medicine consultation appears to be more common in South Africa than in Europe and North America. This ...

Yellow fever vaccine: Viscerotropic (one fatal) and neurotropic disease: 6 case reports

Reactions — Wed, 04 Jun 2008 15:24:07 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

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Yellow fever vaccine: Viscerotropic (one fatal) and neurotropic disease: 6 case reports.

Reactions Weekly — Sat, 31 May 2008 14:50:09 +0100

Page: 34 (Source: Reactions Weekly)

An outbreak of yellow fever with concurrent chikungunya virus transmission in South Kordofan, Sudan, 2005.

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene — Fri, 23 May 2008 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Gould LH, Osman MS, Farnon EC, Griffith KS, Godsey MS, Karch S, Mulenda B, Kholy AE, Grandesso F, de Radiguès X, Brair ME, Briand S, Tayeb ES, Hayes EB, Zeller H, Perea W From September through December 2005, an outbreak of hemorrhagic fever occurred in South Kordofan, Sudan. Initial laboratory test results identified IgM antibodies against yellow fever (YF) virus in patient samples, and a YF outbreak was declared on 14 November. To control the outbreak, a YF mass vaccination campaign was conducted and vector control implemented in parts of South Kordofan. Surveillance data were obtained from the Sudan Federal Ministry of Health. Clinical information and serum samples were obtained from a subset of patients with illness during the outbreak. Nomads, health personnel and vi...

Standardized quantitative RT-PCR assays for quantitation of yellow fever and chimeric yellow fever-dengue vaccines.

Journal of Virological Methods — Wed, 21 May 2008 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Mantel N, Aguirre M, Gulia S, Girerd-Chambaz Y, Colombani S, Moste C, Barban V Yellow fever-dengue chimeras (CYDs) are being developed currently as live tetravalent dengue vaccine candidates. Specific quantitative assays are needed to evaluate the viral load of each serotype in vaccine batches and biological samples. A quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) system was developed comprising five one-step qRT-PCRs targeting the E/NS1 junction of each chimera, or the NS5 gene in the yellow fever backbone. Each assay was standardized using in vitro transcribed RNA qualified according to its size and purity, and precisely quantified. A non RNA-extracted virus sample was introduced as external quality control (EQC), as well as 2 extraction controls consisting of 2 doses, 40 and 4000...

Yellow Fever–Associated Viscerotropic Disease in Barcelona, Spain

Journal of Travel Medicine — Tue, 20 May 2008 09:09:38 +0100

We report a new case of YEL-AVD. Given the potential risks ... (Source: Journal of Travel Medicine)

Molecular mechanisms of antibody-mediated neutralisation of flavivirus infection

Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine — Tue, 13 May 2008 01:03:41 +0100

Review ArticlesTheodore C. Pierson, Michael S. Diamond, Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine, Volume 10 , pp e12AbstractFlaviviruses are a group of positive-stranded RNA viruses that cause a spectrum of severe illnesses globally in more than 50 million individuals each year. While effective vaccines exist for three members of this group (yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, and tick-borne encephalitis viruses), safe and effective vaccines for several other flaviviruses of clinical importance, including West Nile and dengue viruses, remain in development. An effective humoral immune response is critical for protection against flaviviruses and an essential goal of vaccine development. The effectiveness of virus-specific antibodie...

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Focus on yellow fever vaccination

HealthcareRepublic Clinical Articles — Mon, 05 May 2008 00:00:00 +0100

Under International Health Regulations, vaccination is important for travel to yellow fever endemic areas. Sandra Grieve explains. (Source: HealthcareRepublic Clinical Articles)

FROM THE CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION: Notice to Readers: Requirements for Use of a New International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis for Yellow Fever Vaccine

JAMA — Tue, 22 Apr 2008 04:00:00 +0100

(Source: JAMA)

Yellow Fever Vaccination Campaign In Mali

Tropical Diseases News From Medical News Today — Tue, 15 Apr 2008 11:00:00 +0100

A week-long campaign to vaccinate 5.7 million people across the southern half of Mali begins Saturday in the country and, for the first time ever, a mass vaccination campaign will be undertaken thanks to "south-south" vaccine supply: South America's only manufacturer of Yellow Fever vaccine, Bio Manguinhos of Brazil, will be supplying half of the vaccine necessary. (Source: Tropical Diseases News From Medical News Today)

Pressure-inactivated yellow fever 17DD virus: Implications for vaccine development.

Journal of Virological Methods — Tue, 15 Apr 2008 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Gaspar LP, Mendes YS, Yamamura AM, Almeida LF, Caride E, Gonçalves RB, Silva JL, Oliveira AC, Galler R, Freire MS The successful Yellow Fever (YF) vaccine consists of the live attenuated 17D-204 or 17DD viruses. Despite its excellent record of efficacy and safety, serious adverse events have been recorded and influenced extensive vaccination in endemic areas. Therefore, alternative strategies should be considered, which may include inactivated whole virus. High hydrostatic pressure has been described as a method for viral inactivation and vaccine development. The present study evaluated whether high hydrostatic pressure would inactivate the YF 17DD virus. YF 17DD virus was grown in Vero cells in roller bottle cultures and subjected to 310MPa for 3h at 4 degrees C. This tr...

Mali: Inoculations Get Booster From Brazilian Vaccine, UN Agency Says

AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine — Fri, 11 Apr 2008 17:58:53 +0100

A campaign to vaccinate 5.7 million people across southern Mali will begin tomorrow thanks to the first-ever 'South-South' dose supply from South America's only manufacturer of yellow fever vaccine, the United Nations health agency said today. (Source: AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine)

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Mass vaccination against yellow fever to get underway in Mali

Monsters and Critics Health News — Fri, 11 Apr 2008 10:33:01 +0100

Geneva - A week-long campaign to vaccinate 5.7 million people across the southern half of Mali is due to (Source: Monsters and Critics Health News)

Detection of T(H)1/T(H)2 cytokine signatures in yellow fever 17DD first-time vaccinees through ELISpot assay.

Cytokine — Fri, 28 Mar 2008 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Santos AP, Matos DC, Bertho AL, Mendonça SC, Marcovistz R Immunity to yellow fever (YF) is conferred by the interplay of humoral and cellular immune response. Despite the extensive literature on the humoral immune response to the YF vaccine virus, little is known about its cellular immune response to vaccination. The analysis of cytokine production by ex-vivo antigen-stimulated T cells has been considered as a valuable tool for understanding cellular immune response. Thus, we have analyzed two T(H)1/T(H)2 signature cytokines (IFN-gamma and IL-4) from 12 healthy first-time adults vaccinated with YF17DD virus. The cells, harvested on day 0 (before vaccination) and 7, 15 and 30days after immunization were antigen-stimulated and analyzed by ELISpot. A significant increase in ...

HEALTH-PARAGUAY: Vaccination, Anyone?

IPS Inter Press Service - Health — Wed, 26 Mar 2008 09:23:27 +0100

ASUNCION, Mar 25 (IPS) - Now that the panic that broke out after the reappearance of yellow fever in Paraguay for the first time in 34 years has died down, health authorities are facing the challenge of expanding vaccination against the disease. (Source: IPS Inter Press Service - Health)

Attention Travelers: Yellow Fever Vaccine Shortage for Spring 2008

dukehealth.org: Duke Health News — Wed, 19 Mar 2008 06:29:39 +0100

All travelers who have recommendations or requirements for yellow fever vaccines on their travel itineraries need to contact licensed yellow fever travel clinics as soon as possible if they are traveling prior to June 2008. (Source: dukehealth.org: Duke Health News)

How long after having a Yellow Fever vaccination ie Stamaril, should the patient wait before getting pregnant?

NLH Question Answering Service — Tue, 11 Mar 2008 12:24:53 +0100

The American CDC have a FAQ section dealing with yellow fever [1], this includes the following:"How long should a woman wait to conceive after receiving a yellow fever immunization? Although there is theoretical risk of adverse effects on pregnancy because yellow fever vaccine is a live virus vaccine, yellow fever vaccination has NOT been known to cause any birth defects when given to pregnant women. Yellow fever vaccine has been given to many pregnant women without any apparent adverse effects on the fetus. (Source: NLH Question Answering Service)

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Sanofi Pasteur has provided 6 million doses of yellow fever vaccine to assist in combating an epidemic of the disease in Latin America.

PharmacoEconomics and Outcomes News — Mon, 10 Mar 2008 18:43:17 +0100

(Source: PharmacoEconomics and Outcomes News)

Sanofi Pasteur has provided 6 million doses of yellow fever vaccine to assist in combating an epidemic of the disease in Latin America.

PharmacoEconomics & Outcomes News — Sat, 08 Mar 2008 08:53:07 +0100

Page: 11 (Source: PharmacoEconomics & Outcomes News)

Companies Meet Vaccine Needs

Chemical and Engineering News — Fri, 29 Feb 2008 16:52:00 +0100

Yellow fever outbreak and neglected diseases spur corporate vaccine efforts (Source: Chemical and Engineering News)

Paraguay Asks WHO For 2 Million Yellow Fever Vaccines

Infectious Diseases / Bacteria / Viruses News From Medical News Today — Fri, 22 Feb 2008 20:00:00 +0100

The World Health Organization (WHO) reported on Wednesday that the Ministry of Health (MoH) of Paraguay asked the WHO ICG (International Coordinating Group on Vaccine Provision) to provide 2 million doses of yellow fever vaccine. This is in addition to the various efforts by neighbouring countries to mobilize their own vaccine supplies. For example Brazil and Peru have sent 1 million doses. (Source: Infectious Diseases / Bacteria / Viruses News From Medical News Today)

Yellow Fever Vaccines Sent To Paraguay

Tropical Diseases News From Medical News Today — Fri, 15 Feb 2008 11:00:00 +0100

Reports are coming in of countries responding to Paraguay's request for extra doses of yellow fever vaccines to help it roll out an expanded vaccination programme following its first outbreak in 34 years. According to the Associated Press (AP), 50,000 doses arrived from Brazil on Thursday, and Peru has promised to send 250,000 next week. (Source: Tropical Diseases News From Medical News Today)

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Yellow fever control in Cameroon: where are we now and where are we going?

BMC Medicine — Fri, 08 Feb 2008 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Amidst other competing health priorities, Cameroon has over the past four years successfully planned and implemented evidence-based strategies for preventing yellow fever outbreaks and for detecting and responding to the outbreaks when they occur. In order to sustain these initial successes, the country will have to attain and sustain high routine vaccination coverage in each successive birth cohort in every district. This would require fostering and sustaining high-level political commitment, improving the planning and monitoring of immunisation services at all levels, adequate community mobilisation, and efficient coordination of current and future immunisation partners. (Source: BMC Medicine)

Innate immunity phenotypic features point toward simultaneous raise of activation and modulation events following 17DD live attenuated yellow fever first-time vaccination.

Vaccine — Mon, 14 Jan 2008 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Martins MA, Silva ML, Elói-Santos SM, Ribeiro JG, Peruhype-Magalhães V, Marciano AP, Homma A, Kroon EG, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Martins-Filho OA Detailed multiparametric phenotypic investigation aiming to characterize the kinetics of the innate immune response in the peripheral blood following 17DD yellow fever (17DD-YF) first-time vaccination was performed. Results showed increased frequency of monocytes and NK cell subpopulations besides unexpected up-regulation of granulocytes activation status (CD28(+)/CD23(+) and CD28(+)/HLA-DR(+), respectively). Up-regulation of Fcgamma-R and IL-10-R expression emerge as putative events underlying the mixed pattern of phenotypic features triggered by the 17DD yellow fever (17DD-YF) vaccination. Mixed pattern of chemokine receptors...

Yellow fever vaccine: Yellow fever vaccine-associated viscerotropic disease: case report.

Reactions Weekly — Wed, 09 Jan 2008 00:39:16 +0100

Page: 30 (Source: Reactions Weekly)

Yellow fever vaccine: Yellow fever vaccine-associated viscerotropic disease: case report

Reactions — Mon, 07 Jan 2008 09:38:34 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

Notice to Readers: Requirements for Use of a New International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis for Yellow Fever Vaccine

CDC — Fri, 04 Jan 2008 00:50:08 +0100

(Source: CDC)

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Estimating the costs of achieving the WHO-UNICEF Global Immunization Vision and Strategy, 2006-2015.

Bulletin of the World Health Organization — Tue, 01 Jan 2008 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: In the 72 poorest countries, US$ 11-15 billion (30%-40%) of the overall resource needs are unmet if the GIVS goals are to be reached. The methods developed in this paper are approximate estimates with limitations, but provide a roadmap of financing gaps that need to be filled to scale up immunization by 2015. PMID: 18235887 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Bulletin of the World Health Organization)

Yellow fever vaccine: Fatal yellow fever vaccine-associated viscerotropic disease: case report

Reactions — Mon, 10 Dec 2007 13:51:48 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

Yellow fever vaccine: Fatal yellow fever vaccine-associated viscerotropic disease: case report.

Reactions Weekly — Sat, 08 Dec 2007 01:46:41 +0100

Page: 38 (Source: Reactions Weekly)

Evaluation of an Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay for Detection of IgM and IgG Antibodies against Yellow Fever Virus.

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology — Wed, 28 Nov 2007 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Niedrig M, Kürsteiner O, Herzog C, Sonnenberg K The first commercial indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) using EUROIMMUN BIOCHIP technology was evaluated for the serodiagnosis of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM antibodies against yellow fever virus (YFV) and was compared with the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT), which is currently the gold standard test for YFV. An overall correlation between the tests of 98.7% was established based on the analysis of 150 sera from individuals after vaccination with the 17D yellow fever vaccine. The sensitivity and specificity, calculated using the 150 sera of vaccinees and 150 sera of healthy blood donors, were 95% and 95%, respectively, for the IgG IFA and 94% and 97% for the IgM IFA. Antibody titers found in the PRNT cor...

Yellow fever and Max Theiler: the only Nobel Prize for a virus vaccine

The Journal of Experimental Medicine — Mon, 26 Nov 2007 05:00:00 +0100

In 1951, Max Theiler of the Rockefeller Foundation received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of an effective vaccine against yellow fever—a discovery first reported in the JEM 70 years ago. This was the first, and so far the only, Nobel Prize given for the development of a virus vaccine. Recently released Nobel archives now reveal how the advances in the yellow fever vaccine field were evaluated more than 50 years ago, and how this led to a prize for Max Theiler. (Source: The Journal of Experimental Medicine)

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Treatment of yellow fever.

Antiviral Research — Tue, 20 Nov 2007 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Monath TP Yellow fever (YF) is a life-threatening mosquito-borne flaviviral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) characterized by severe hepatitis, renal failure, hemorrhage, and rapid terminal events with shock and multi-organ failure. A live, attenuated vaccine (YF 17D), in wide use for over 60 years, causes a disease identical to wild-type virus at an incidence of 2.5x10(-6). Our current understanding of the pathogenesis and treatment of YF (described in this brief review) is derived from studies of animal models (macaques, hamsters) that reproduce the features of human YF and from descriptive studies of human cases of naturally acquired and vaccine-associated VHF. The least understood, but potentially most important terminal events appear to be due to 'cytokine storm' and represent a p...

Africa: Africa Must Create Yellow Fever Vaccine

AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine — Fri, 05 Oct 2007 12:11:29 +0100

Africa should develop its own vaccines to fight yellow fever, which is increasing at an alarming rate, said Virologist, Professor Oyewale Tomori. (Source: AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine)

Accuracy and repeatability of a micro plaque reduction neutralization test for vaccinia antibodies.

Sat, 22 Sep 2007 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Borges MB, Kato SE, Damaso CR, Moussatché N, da Silva Freire M, Lambert Passos SR, do Nascimento JP The detection of neutralizing antibodies against vaccinia virus is a valuable tool for the investigation of previous smallpox vaccination. Compulsory smallpox vaccination ended in Brazil during the early 1970s, although the vaccine was available until the late 1970s. The threat of smallpox as a biological weapon has called the attention of public health authorities to the need for an evaluation of the immune status of the population. Based on our previous experience with a micro plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) for the evaluation of yellow fever immunity, a similar test was developed for the detection and quantification of vaccinia neutralizing antibodies. A cros...

Mozambique: Country Demands Yellow Fever Vaccination

AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine — Wed, 12 Sep 2007 00:26:50 +0100

The Mozambican Interior and Health Ministries decreed on Monday that all travellers entering Mozambique from any of the 43 countries where yellow fever is known to exist must present a valid certification of vaccine against this disease. (Source: AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine)

Malaria risk perception, knowledge and prophylaxis practices among travellers of African ethnicity living in Paris and visiting their country of origin in sub-Saharan Africa.

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene — Mon, 10 Sep 2007 01:14:42 +0100

Authors: Pistone T, Guibert P, Gay F, Malvy D, Ezzedine K, Receveur MC, Siriwardana M, Larouzé B, Bouchaud O An observational prospective cohort study assessed malaria risk perception, knowledge and prophylaxis practices among individuals of African ethnicity living in Paris and travelling to their country of origin to visit friends or relatives (VFR). The study compared two groups of VFR who had visited a travel clinic (TC; n=122) or a travel agency (TA; n=69) before departure. Of the 47% of VFR citing malaria as a health concern, 75% knew that malaria is mosquito-borne and that bed nets are an effective preventive measure. Perception of high malaria risk was greater in the TA group (33%) than in the TC group (7%). The availability of a malaria vaccine was mentioned by 35% of VFR...

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Acute viscerotropic disease following vaccination against yellow fever.

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene — Mon, 10 Sep 2007 01:14:14 +0100

Authors: Hayes EB Acute viscerotropic disease following yellow fever vaccination (YEL-AVD) is a rare but serious complication of vaccination with 17D yellow fever vaccine. This paper reviews the existing literature regarding YEL-AVD and discusses possible etiologic mechanisms. A greater understanding of this condition is essential to assuring safe and effective prevention of yellow fever and vaccination against other arboviral diseases for which 17D-based vaccines are being developed. PMID: 17669451 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)

Vaccination in travelers

Current Infectious Disease Reports — Tue, 24 Jul 2007 07:02:59 +0100

This article reviews new vaccines such as those against rotavirus, Lyme disease, and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and provides updated information on the risk of typhoid fever and the efficacy of vaccination against it. The use of hepatitis A vaccine in outbreak control, the safety of yellow fever vaccine, and the importance of protecting travelers against rabies exposure are also discussed. Vaccination is an important way for travelers to maintain their health before, during, and after travel. Content TypeJournal Article JournalCurrent Infectious Disease ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-3146Print ISSN 1523-3847 Journal VolumeVolume 1 Journal IssueVolume 1, Number 5 / October, 1999 (Source: Current Infectious Disease Reports)

Culture costs lives

Nature — Wed, 11 Jul 2007 04:00:00 +0100

Nature 448, 137 (2007). doi:10.1038/448137a Author: Michael B. A. Oldstone Vaccines, like antibiotics and improvements to sanitation and water quality, have greatly affected human health. Vaccines play a commanding role in controlling such formerly devastating plagues as smallpox, yellow fever, measles, poliomyelitis, tetanus and diphtheria. The first vaccine to reduce the risk of developing liver (Source: Nature)

Early exposure to yellow fever vaccine during pregnancy

Tropical Medicine and International Health — Tue, 26 Jun 2007 04:42:08 +0100

Tropical Medicine & International Health Volume 12, Issue 7, Page 833-837, Jul 2007. SummaryObjective To investigate the association of Yellow Fever Vaccination (YFV) during pregnancy with the presence of structural defect in exposed babies.Methods An observed/expected frequencies study, before and after the vaccination campaign against YF... (Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health)

"I Don't Want a New Vaccine for My Child"

PediatricEducation.org — Wed, 20 Jun 2007 20:45:28 +0100

Discussion Parents have many questions about their children and the recommended vaccines they receive. Some parent just want more information and some parents are fearful because of inadequate or mis-information. Parents may believe that a vaccine that is added to the recommended schedule has not been available for a long time. This is not true as some vaccines have been used in other countries sometimes for years before they are approved for use in the U.S (i.e. varicella vaccine). Some vaccines have been available in the U.S. for limited, at-risk populations but are now being recommended for larger populations (i.e. Hepatitis A). Some parents believe that a vaccine is "bad" because it was used in the U.S. and currently is not approved or not manufactured. This again is not true. For ex...

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17D yellow fever vaccines: New insights A report of a workshop held during the World Congress on Medicine and Health in the Tropics, Marseille, France, Monday 12 September 2005.

Vaccine — Wed, 21 Mar 2007 14:00:02 +0100

Authors: Barrett AD, Monath TP, Barban V, Niedrig M, Teuwen DE Yellow fever (YF) is a major health problem in endemic regions of Africa and South America. It also poses a serious health risk to travellers to areas with endemic disease. Currently, there is no effective drug treatment for YF; however, 17D YF vaccines have demonstrated high rates of effectiveness and good safety profiles. This workshop was organized to review key data and issues about YF disease and currently available 17D YF vaccines. Starting with an overview of the current disease epidemiology in Africa and South America and a review of the safety data of 17D YF vaccines, data were then presented demonstrating the genetic stability of multiple production lots of a 17D YF vaccine, the immunological responses of healthy ...

Vaccines: Macrophagic myofasciitis (first report with hepatitis A vaccine, yellow fever vaccine and meningococcal vaccine): case report

Reactions — Wed, 07 Mar 2007 19:55:13 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

Vaccines: Macrophagic myofasciitis (first report with hepatitis A vaccine, yellow fever vaccine and meningococcal vaccine): case report.

Reactions Weekly — Sat, 03 Mar 2007 08:20:09 +0100

(Source: Reactions Weekly)

Yellow Fever Vaccination Campaign Protects About 1.3 Million People In Togo

Immune System / Vaccines News From Medical News Today — Mon, 26 Feb 2007 21:00:00 +0100

In response to cases of yellow fever in northern Togo, WHO and the Ministry of Health carried out a mass vaccination campaign in February 2007. During the campaign, about 1.3 million people were vaccinated. This was the first of many vaccination campaigns supported by the newly-established Yellow Fever Initiative. [click link for full article] (Source: Immune System / Vaccines News From Medical News Today)

Activation/modulation of adaptive immunity emerges simultaneously after 17DD yellow fever first-time vaccination: is this the key to prevent severe adverse reactions following immunization?

Clinical and Experimental Immunology — Mon, 19 Feb 2007 19:36:39 +0100

Clinical & Experimental Immunology Volume 0, Issue 0, Page ???-???. (Source: Clinical and Experimental Immunology)

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Yellow fever vaccine: Herpes zoster: case report.

Reactions Weekly — Sat, 17 Feb 2007 03:50:02 +0100

(Source: Reactions Weekly)

Togo: Outbreak of Yellow Fever

AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine — Fri, 16 Feb 2007 22:05:02 +0100

Health authorities in Togo are carrying out a vaccination campaign in the north after the first outbreak of yellow fever in that region in more than 20 years. (Source: AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine)

Togo: Outbreak of yellow fever

AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine — Fri, 16 Feb 2007 22:05:02 +0100

Yellow Fever In Togo

Tropical Diseases News From Medical News Today — Thu, 15 Feb 2007 09:00:00 +0100

The mass vaccination campaign is scheduled to begin today in Savanes and Kara regions where three cases of yellow fever were laboratory confirmed. Yellow fever reappeared in these regions after an absence of more than 20 years. The campaign will target children more than 9 months old in 11 districts in these 2 regions. [click link for full article] (Source: Tropical Diseases News From Medical News Today)

Yellow Fever In Togo

Health News from Medical News Today — Thu, 15 Feb 2007 09:00:00 +0100

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Volume 44, number 6: Yellow Fever: Epidemiology and Prevention

Clinical Infectious Diseases Latest Issue — Wed, 14 Feb 2007 21:47:29 +0100

Yellow fever continues to occur in regions of Africa and South America, despite the availability of effective vaccines. Recently, some cases of severe neurologic disease and multiorgan system disease have been described in individuals who received yellow fever vaccine. These events have focused attention on the need to define criteria for judicious use of yellow fever vaccine and to describe the spectrum of adverse events that may be associated with yellow fever vaccine. Describing host factors that would increase risk of these events and identifying potential treatment modalities for yellow fever and yellow fever vaccine–associated adverse events are subjects of intense investigation. (Source: Clinical Infectious Diseases Latest Issue)

Can yellow fever and hep b vaccinations be given together? if not why not and how long should the interval between vaccinations be and why?

NLH Question Answering Service — Mon, 05 Feb 2007 17:16:53 +0100

We spoke to the on-call doctor at the Health Protection Agency who said that the yellow fever and hepatitis B vaccinations can be administered at the same time. The doctor referred us to the chapter on yellow fever in 'Immunisations against infectious disease"Yellow fever vaccine can be given at the same time as other inactivated and live vaccines. (Source: NLH Question Answering Service)

Yellow Fever: Epidemiology and Prevention

Clin Infect Dis Latest Articles — Thu, 01 Feb 2007 06:00:00 +0100

Formalin-inactivated whole virus and recombinant subunit flavivirus vaccines.

Advances in Virus Research — Mon, 22 Jan 2007 16:17:02 +0100

Authors: Eckels KH, Putnak R The Flaviviridae is a family of arthropod-borne, enveloped, RNA viruses that contain important human pathogens such as yellow fever (YF), Japanese encephalitis (JE), tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), West Nile (WN), and the dengue (DEN) viruses. Vaccination is the most effective means of disease prevention for these viral infections. A live-attenuated vaccine for YF, and inactivated vaccines for JE and TBE have significantly reduced the incidence of disease for these viruses, while licensed vaccines for DEN and WN are still lacking despite a significant disease burden associated with these infections. This review focuses on inactivated and recombinant subunit vaccines (non-replicating protein vaccines) in various stages of laboratory development and human test...