MedWorm: Yellow Fever Vaccination

West Africa: Yellow Fever Outbreaks Hit Cameroon and Ghana

AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 18:56:35 +0100

[UN News] The United Nations is backing a mass vaccination campaign under way in northern Cameroon, where a new outbreak of yellow fever has killed at least seven people. (Source: AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine)

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UN backs vaccination campaign after yellow fever outbreaks hit Cameroon and Ghana

UN News Centre - Health, Poverty, Food Security — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

The United Nations is backing a mass vaccination campaign under way in northern Cameroon, where a new outbreak of yellow fever has killed at least seven people. (Source: UN News Centre - Health, Poverty, Food Security)

The Safety of Yellow Fever Vaccine 17D or 17DD in Children, Pregnant Women, HIV+ Individuals, and Older Persons: Systematic Review.

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Thomas RE, Lorenzetti DL, Spragins W, Jackson D, Williamson T Abstract Abstract. Yellow fever vaccine provides long-lasting immunity. Rare serious adverse events after vaccination include neurologic or viscerotropic syndromes or anaphylaxis. We conducted a systematic review of adverse events associated with yellow fever vaccination in vulnerable populations. Nine electronic bibliographic databases and reference lists of included articles were searched. Electronic databases identified 2,415 abstracts for review, and 32 abstracts were included in this review. We identified nine studies of adverse events in infants and children, eight studies of adverse events in pregnant women, nine studies of adverse events in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients, five studies of ...

[Errata] Erratum

The Lancet Infectious Diseases — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 23:05:12 +0100

Jentes ES, Poumerol G, Gershman MD, et al. The revised global yellow fever risk map and recommendations for vaccination, 2010: consensus of the Informal WHO Working Group on Geographic Risk for Yellow Fever. Lancet Infect Dis 2011; 11: 622–32—On page 625 of this Review, the margin link to the yellow fever risk maps should have been “http://www.who.int/ith” and the margin link to the CDC's vaccination map should have been “http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2012/chapter-3-infectious-diseases-related-to-travel/yellow-fever. (Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases)

Yellow fever vaccine: Increased multiple sclerosis relapse rate: 7 case reports

Reactions — Fri, 13 Jan 2012 23:22:43 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

Yellow fever vaccine: Longitudinal myelitis and meningoencephalitis: 2 case reports

Reactions — Fri, 13 Jan 2012 23:22:43 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

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Methodological Issues With the Risk of Relapse Study in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis After Yellow Fever Vaccination [Correspondence]

Archives of Neurology — Mon, 09 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: Archives of Neurology)

Methodological Issues With the Risk of Relapse Study in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis After Yellow Fever Vaccination--Reply [Correspondence]

Archives of Neurology — Mon, 09 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: Archives of Neurology)

Aggregate travel vs. single trip assessment: Arguments for cumulative risk analysis.

Vaccine — Sat, 07 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Leder K, Chen LH, Wilson ME Abstract Vaccine recommendations for travellers are based on individual risk assessments of multiple factors, most importantly the destination and duration of the impending trip. Many people undertake frequent trips, but existing WHO, CDC and national advisory board recommendations do not explicitly consider cumulative travel-associated risks. Given the period of protection provided by many vaccines, in particular rabies, hepatitis A, hepatitis B and yellow fever vaccines, an aggregate multi-trip risk assessment which views vaccines as an investment for future travel health may be more appropriate than separately evaluating the risks for each trip. PMID: 22234265 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine)

Municipalities of higher vulnerability to Sylvatic Yellow Fever occurrence in the São Paulo State, Brazil.

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Moreno ES, Barata Rde C Abstract Until 1999 the endemic cases of Sylvatic Yellow Fever were located in the states of northern, midwestern and pre-Amazon regions. Since then, the disease progressively expanded its territory of occurrence, cases being registered beyond the traditional boundaries of endemism. The São Paulo State is considered to be part of this context, since after decades without registration of autochthonous cases of the disease, it reported, in 2000 and 2008-2009, epizootic occurrence in non-human primates and 30 cases in humans. Facts like these, added to the increase in incidences of serious adverse effects resulting from the Yellow Fever vaccination, have highlighted the importance of defining priority municipalities for vaccination against the disease...

Synthetic double-stranded RNA induces innate immune responses similar to a live viral vaccine in humans

The Journal of Experimental Medicine — Mon, 21 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Adjuvants are critical for the success of vaccines. Agonists of microbial pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are promising new adjuvant candidates. A mechanism through which adjuvants enhance immune responses is to stimulate innate immunity. We studied the innate immune response in humans to synthetic double-stranded RNA (polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid [poly IC] stabilized with poly-l-lysine [poly ICLC]), an agonist for toll-like receptor (TLR) 3, and the cytosolic RNA helicase MDA-5. Transcriptional analysis of blood samples from eight volunteers, after subcutaneous administration of poly ICLC, showed up-regulation of genes involved in multiple innate immune pathways in all subjects, including interferon (IFN) and inflammasome signaling. Blocking type I IFN receptor ex vivo significant...

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Yellow Fever Virus Vaccine-associated Deaths in Young WomenYellow Fever Virus Vaccine-associated Deaths in Young Women

Medscape Today Headlines — Tue, 15 Nov 2011 14:32:17 +0100

Is the yellow fever vaccine safe for women of childbearing age? Emerging Infectious Diseases (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

Intrathecal antibody production in two cases of yellow fever vaccine associated neurotropic disease in Argentina

Journal of Medical Virology — Thu, 20 Oct 2011 13:33:29 +0100

AbstractDuring the period 2007–2008 several epizootics of Yellow fever with dead of monkeys occurred in southeastern Brasil, Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina. In 2008 after a Yellow fever outbreak an exhaustive prevention campaign took place in Argentina using 17D live attenuated Yellow fever vaccine. This vaccine is considered one of the safest live virus vaccines, although serious adverse reactions may occur after vaccination, and vaccine‐associated neurotropic disease are reported rarely. The aim of this study was to confirm two serious adverse events associated to Yellow fever vaccine in Argentina, and to describe the analysis performed to assess the origin of specific IgM against Yellow fever virus (YFV) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Both cases coincided with the Yellow fever ...

Yellow Fever Vaccination and Increased Relapse Rate in Travelers With Multiple Sclerosis [Original Contribution]

Archives of Neurology — Mon, 10 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion For patients with MS traveling to endemic YF areas, vaccination should be recommended on the basis of carefully weighing the risk of exacerbation against the likelihood of exposure to the YF virus. (Source: Archives of Neurology)

Yellow Fever vaccine seroconversion in travelers.

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene — Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

This study corroborates the high rates of seroconversion achieved by the live-attenuated YF vaccine. PMID: 21976582 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)

Description of a Prospective 17DD Yellow Fever Vaccine Cohort in Recife, Brazil.

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene — Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: de Melo AB, da Silva MD, Magalhães MC, Gonzales Gil LH, Freese de Carvalho EM, Braga-Neto UM, Bertani GR, Marques ET, Cordeiro MT Abstract Abstract. From September 2005 to March 2007, 238 individuals being vaccinated for the first time with the yellow fever (YF) -17DD vaccine were enrolled in a cohort established in Recife, Brazil. A prospective study indicated that, after immunization, anti-YF immunoglobulin M (IgM) and anti-YF IgG were present in 70.6% (IgM) and 98.3% (IgG) of the vaccinated subjects. All vaccinees developed protective immunity, which was detected by the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) with a geometric mean titer of 892. Of the 238 individuals, 86.6% had IgG antibodies to dengue virus; however, the presence of anti-dengue IgG did not interfe...

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Priming effect of dengue and yellow Fever vaccination on the immunogenicity, infectivity, and safety of a tetravalent dengue vaccine in humans.

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene — Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Qiao M, Shaw D, Forrat R, Wartel-Tram A, Lang J Abstract Abstract. A dengue vaccine effective against all four serotypes is urgently needed. However, safety and immunogenicity could be affected by prior exposure to flaviviruses. This open, controlled, phase IIa study was conducted in 35 healthy adults who had received monovalent, live attenuated Vero cell-derived dengue vaccine against dengue virus 1 (VDV1) or 2 (VDV2) or yellow fever (YF) vaccine 1 year before or who were flavivirus-naïve. All participants received one subcutaneous injection of tetravalent dengue vaccine (TDV) and were followed for 180 days. Previous vaccination did not increase reactogenicity, laboratory abnormalities, or incidence of vaccine viremia, but it did increase the neutralizing antibody respon...

Yellow fever vaccination in organ transplanted patients: is it safe? A multicenter study

Transplant Infectious Disease — Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

ConclusionsYFV showed no important side effects in this cohort of solid organ transplanted patients. However, owing to the small number of studied patients, it is not possible to extend these findings to the rest of the transplanted population, assuring safety. Therefore, these data are not strong enough to safely recommend YFV in organ transplanted recipients, as severe, even life‐threatening side effects may occur. (Source: Transplant Infectious Disease)

Yellow Fever Virus Vaccine-associated Deaths in Young Women.

Emerging Infectious Diseases — Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Seligman SJ Abstract Yellow fever vaccine-associated viscerotropic disease is a rare sequela of live-attenuated virus vaccine. Elderly persons and persons who have had thymectomies have increased susceptibility. A review of published and other data suggested a higher than expected number of deaths from yellow fever vaccine-associated viscerotropic disease among women 19-34 years of age without known immunodeficiency. PMID: 22000363 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Emerging Infectious Diseases)

[Errata] Erratum

The Lancet Infectious Diseases — Thu, 29 Sep 2011 11:39:45 +0100

Jentes ES, Poumerol G, Gershman MD, et al. The revised global yellow fever risk map and recommendations for vaccination, 2010: consensus of the Informal WHO Working Group on Geographic Risk for Yellow Fever. Lancet Infect Dis 2011; 11: 622–32—In table 2 of this Review, the entry for the 2010 consultation on yellow fever and international travel revised classifications for Peru has been updated, the areas with no risk are “areas above 2300 m and all areas not listed above”. This correction has been made to the online version as of September 26, 2011. (Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases)

Revised recommendations for yellow fever vaccination for international travellers, 2011.

Weekly Epidemiological Record — Fri, 09 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: PMID: 21961143 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Weekly Epidemiological Record)

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A Pilot Case-Cohort Study of Liver and Pancreatic Cancers in Poultry Workers

Annals of Epidemiology — Sun, 04 Sep 2011 01:07:59 +0100

Conclusions: This study provides preliminary evidence that exposure to poultry oncogenic viruses may possibly be associated with the occurrence of liver and pancreatic cancers. Case-control studies nested within occupational cohorts of highly exposed subjects of sufficient statistical power may provide an efficient and valid method of investigating/confirming these findings. (Source: Annals of Epidemiology)

A pilot case-cohort study of liver and pancreatic cancers in poultry workers.

Annals of Epidemiology — Sat, 03 Sep 2011 16:20:13 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: This study provides preliminary evidence that exposure to poultry oncogenic viruses may possibly be associated with the occurrence of liver and pancreatic cancers. Case-control studies nested within occupational cohorts of highly exposed subjects of sufficient statistical power may provide an efficient and valid method of investigating/confirming these findings. PMID: 21884967 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Annals of Epidemiology)

Vector competence of Australian mosquitoes for yellow Fever virus.

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene — Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: van den Hurk AF, McElroy K, Pyke AT, McGee CE, Hall-Mendelin S, Day A, Ryan PA, Ritchie SA, Vanlandingham DL, Higgs S Abstract Abstract. The vector competence of Australian mosquitoes for yellow fever virus (YFV) was evaluated. Infection and transmission rates in Cairns and Townsville populations of Aedes aegypti and a Brisbane strain of Ae. notoscriptus were not significantly different from a well-characterized YFV-susceptible strain of Ae. aegypti. After exposure to 10(7.2) tissue culture infectious dose (TCID(50))/mL of an African strain of YFV, > 70% of Ae. aegypti and Ae. notoscriptus became infected, and > 50% transmitted the virus. When exposed to 10(6.7) TCID(50)/mL of a South American strain of YFV, the highest infection (64%) and transmission (56%) rates we...

Yellow fever: Vaccine prevents severe illness or death

MayoClinic.com Full Feed — Sat, 27 Aug 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Yellow fever — Comprehensive overview covers symptoms, vaccine for this sometimes deadly mosquito-borne disease. (Source: MayoClinic.com Full Feed)

South Africa: Yellow Fever Vaccine Shortage Over

AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine — Wed, 17 Aug 2011 13:00:48 +0100

Travellers planning a trip to countries where Yellow Fever is prevalent have been advised to visit their nearest travel clinics and be vaccinated against the virus. (Source: AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine)

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East Africa: Who Revises Yellow Fever Guidelines for East Africa to Exclude Tanzania

AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine — Mon, 08 Aug 2011 14:11:11 +0100

The World Health Organisation (WHO) has revised its recommendations for the Yellow Fever vaccination in Africa. (Source: AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine)

Dengue-2 and yellow fever 17DD viruses infect human dendritic cells, resulting in an induction of activation markers, cytokines and chemokines and secretion of different TNF-α and IFN-α profiles.

Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz — Mon, 01 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Gandini M, Reis SR, Torrentes-Carvalho A, Azeredo EL, Freire Mda S, Galler R, Kubelka CF Abstract Flaviviruses cause severe acute febrile and haemorrhagic infections, including dengue and yellow fever and the pathogenesis of these infections is caused by an exacerbated immune response. Dendritic cells (DCs) are targets for dengue virus (DENV) and yellow fever virus (YF) replication and are the first cell population to interact with these viruses during a natural infection, which leads to an induction of protective immunity in humans. We studied the infectivity of DENV2 (strain 16681), a YF vaccine (YF17DD) and a chimeric YF17D/DENV2 vaccine in monocyte-derived DCs in vitro with regard to cell maturation, activation and cytokine production. Higher viral antigen positive cel...

Practical Traveler: Planning a Vac(cin)ation

NYT Health — Wed, 27 Jul 2011 19:05:21 +0100

Immunization for travelers is becoming increasingly important, whether you are going to an exotic destination or not. (Source: NYT Health)

Cholera epidemic moving down Congo River

MSF News — Tue, 26 Jul 2011 21:42:00 +0100

“I had no choice. My youngest son Eliezer was going out like a candle.” In a roughly constructed building with walls, floor and roof made from lengths of plastic sheeting, a worried father speaks as he sits by his son’s side on a low bed. The main ward of the cholera treatment centre run by Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) in Mbandaka, the capital of Equateur Province in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), has a partition dividing it in two. Eliezer Wetchi and his father are in the second ward, for recovering or less severely-ill patients. “To get to the MSF treatment centre we spent all night travelling down the Congo River,” the elder Wetchi says. “At first I thought my son had malaria, but after a week of treatment in our village he was still throwing up and having diarrhea...

[Review] The revised global yellow fever risk map and recommendations for vaccination, 2010: consensus of the Informal WHO Working Group on Geographic Risk for Yellow Fever

The Lancet Infectious Diseases — Tue, 26 Jul 2011 19:40:19 +0100

SummaryThe changing epidemiology of yellow fever and continued reports of rare but serious adverse events associated with yellow fever vaccine have drawn attention to the need to revisit criteria for the designation of areas with risk for yellow fever virus activity, and to revise the vaccine recommendations for international travel. WHO convened a working group of international experts to review factors important for the transmission of yellow fever virus and country-specific yellow fever information, to establish criteria for additions to or removal from the list of countries with risk for yellow fever virus transmission, to update yellow fever risk maps, and to revise the recommendations for vaccination for international travel. (Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases)

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Mutation and docking studies on NS2b-NS3 complex from yellow fever virus towards drug discovery.

Bioinformation — Fri, 22 Jul 2011 03:13:31 +0100

Authors: Kannappan P, Narayanan S Yellow fever virus is the causative agent of Yellow fever. The genome of the virus contains three structural and seven non-structural proteins. Of these seven nonstructural proteins, NS2B-NS3 protein complex has protease activity required for viral replication. Predicting the 3D structure of this complex and studying the interaction of residues at the recognized catalytic triad of the complex is an integral part to understand the virus replication mechanism. In the present study, the structure was determined for NS2B-NS3 complex by Homology modeling and modeled structure was validated for its stability. Mutation studies at the residues His94, Asp118 and Ser176 revealed that Asp118-His94 bond played an important role in the structural stability of NS2B-...

Uganda: Tamwesigire Issues Yellow Fever Alert

AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine — Sat, 16 Jul 2011 20:32:52 +0100

LOCAL federations would put their athletes life at risk if they forge vaccination certificates for the All Africa Games. (Source: AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine)

From research to phase III: Preclinical, industrial and clinical development of the Sanofi Pasteur tetravalent dengue vaccine.

Vaccine — Tue, 12 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Guy B, Barrere B, Malinowski C, Saville M, Teyssou R, Lang J Dengue vaccine development has reached a major milestone with the initiation, in 2010, of the first phase III clinical trial to investigate the Sanofi Pasteur CYD tetravalent dengue vaccine (TDV). The CYD TDV candidate is composed of four recombinant, live, attenuated vaccines (CYD-1-4) based on a yellow fever vaccine 17D (YFV 17D) backbone, each expressing the pre-membrane and envelope genes of one of the four dengue virus serotypes. The vaccine is genetically and phenotypically stable, non-hepatotropic, less neurovirulent than YFV 17D, and does not infect mosquitoes by the oral route. In vitro and in vivo preclinical studies showed that CYD TDV induces controlled stimulation of human dendritic cells, and significan...

Genetic stability of a dengue vaccine based on chimeric yellow fever/dengue viruses.

Vaccine — Thu, 07 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Mantel N, Girerd Y, Geny C, Bernard I, Pontvianne J, Lang J, Barban V A tetravalent dengue vaccine based on four live, attenuated, chimeric viruses (CYD1-4), constructed by replacing the genes coding for premembrane (prM) and envelope (E) proteins of the yellow fever (YF)-17D vaccine strain with those of the four serotypes of dengue virus, is in clinical phase III evaluation. We assessed the vaccine's genetic stability by fully sequencing each vaccine virus throughout the development and manufacturing process. The four viruses displayed complete genetic stability, with no change from premaster seed lots to bulk lots. When pursuing the virus growth beyond bulk lots, a few genetic variations were observed. Usually both the initial nucleotide and the new one persisted, and mutati...

Reporting Rates of Yellow Fever Vaccine 17D or 17DD-Associated Serious Adverse Events in Pharmacovigilance Data Bases: Systematic Review.

Current Drug Safety — Fri, 01 Jul 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Reporting rates for serious adverse events following yellow fever vaccination are low. Differences in reporting rates may be due to differences in definitions, surveillance system organisation, methods of reporting cases, administration of YFV with other vaccines, incomplete information about denominators, time intervals for reporting events, the degree of passive reporting, access to diagnostic resources, and differences in time periods of reporting. PMID: 22122389 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Current Drug Safety)

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Yellow Fever Vaccine Risky for MS Patients (CME/CE)

MedPage Today Infectious Disease — Tue, 14 Jun 2011 15:26:22 +0100

(MedPage Today) -- The yellow fever vaccine has been linked with more than a 10-fold increase in rates of MS exacerbation in a small study. (Source: MedPage Today Infectious Disease)

Yellow fever vaccine risky for MS patients

Multiple Sclerosis Trust — Mon, 13 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Patients with multiple sclerosis who plan to travel to areas where yellow fever is endemic need to think carefully about whether to be vaccinated against the disease, researchers warned in a report on their small study. (Source: Multiple Sclerosis Trust)

Yellow Fever Vaccination and Increased Relapse Rate in Travelers With Multiple Sclerosis [Original Contribution]

Archives of Neurology — Sun, 12 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Mutual interference on the immune response to yellow fever vaccine and a combined vaccine against measles, mumps and rubella.

Vaccine — Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Nascimento Silva JR, Camacho LA, Siqueira MM, Freire MD, Castro YP, Maia MD, Yamamura AM, Martins RM, Leal MD, A randomized trial was conducted to assess the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of yellow fever vaccines (YFV) given either simultaneously in separate injections, or 30 days or more after a combined measles-rubella-mumps (MRM) vaccine. Volunteers were also randomized to YFV produced from 17DD and WHO-17D-213 substrains. The study group comprised 1769 healthy 12-month-old children brought to health care centers in Brasilia for routine vaccination. The reactogenicity was of the type and frequency expected for the vaccines and no severe adverse event was associated to either vaccine. Seroconversion and seropositivity 30 days or more after vaccination against yellow fev...

Impact of the introduction of new vaccines and vaccine wastage rate on the cost-effectiveness of routine EPI: lessons from a descriptive study in a Cameroonian health district

Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation — Fri, 27 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100

The Expanded Program of Immunization (EPI) offers services to the population free of charge but these activities are costly with the greatest part being the cost of vaccines. In spite of the growing international solidarity towards funding for immunization, the growing objectives continue to outweigh the available resources. It is therefore crucial for any immunization system to seek greater efficiency so as to optimize the use of available means in a bid to ensure sustainability. It is in this light that we carried out this study which aims to assess the productive efficiency of routine EPI for children aged 0 - 11 months with respect to the fixed and outreach vaccine delivery strategies in Ngong health district. The study is descriptive and cross-sectional. Data were collected retrospect...

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Yellow Fever Virus Envelope Protein Expressed in Insect Cells is Capable of Syncytium Formation in Lepidopteran Cells and Could Be Used For Immunodetection of YFV in Human Sera.

Virology Journal — Thu, 26 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The E protein expressed by the recombinant baculovirus in insect cells is antigenically similar to the wild protein and it may be useful for different medical applications, from improved diagnosis of the disease to source of antigens for the development of a subunit vaccine. (Source: Virology Journal)

Changes to geographic risk areas for yellow fever and recommendations for vaccination

NeLM - News — Wed, 04 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Source: National Travel Health Network and Centre (NaTHNaC) Area: News In 2008, the WHO convened a consultation on yellow fever (YF) and international travel with the aim of reviewing criteria for inclusion of countries in the list of those with a risk of YF transmission. This was prompted by: . the recognition of rare but serious adverse events associated with YF vaccine . the changing epidemiology of YF disease . the need to harmonise country-specific YF vaccination recommendations amongst global travel health advisory bodies The consultation's broad goals were to provide a more accurate definition of geographic risk areas, have transparency of recommendations, inform country policy around International Health Regulations (2005) and country requi...

Active and passive surveillance of yellow fever vaccine 17D or 17DD-associated serious adverse events: Systematic review.

Vaccine — Tue, 03 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: The databases in each country used different definitions, protocols, surveillance mechanisms for the initial identification and reporting of cases, and strategies for the clinical and laboratory follow up of cases. The pharmacovigilance databases provide three sets of estimates: a low estimate from the Brazilian and Australian data, a medium estimate from the US VAERS data, and a higher estimate from the UK and Swiss data. The estimates from the active surveillance data are lower (and strongly influenced by the Brazilian data) and the estimates from the passive surveillance studies are also lower (strongly influenced by the London Hospital for Tropical Diseases data from the early 1950s). Sophisticated pathology, histopathology and tests such as PCR amplicon sequencing are nee...

Neurovirulence tests of three 17D yellow fever vaccine strains.

Fri, 29 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Minor PD The results of tests of the neurovirulence of three yellow fever vaccine preparations of different lineages are presented. Two preparations that have been used to make vaccines of acceptable safety and efficacy gave very similar results. A third preparation from the Robert Koch Institute, designated 168-73, was proposed as a reference preparation for the mouse potency assay in 1985 by WHO, but has been more often used as a reference in the monkey neurovirulence test. In the test described here 168-73 was of lower virulence than either of the other two preparations. PMID: 21536454 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Biologicals : Journal of the International Association of Biological Standardization)

Kenya: Mass Yellow Fever Jabs in Baringo

AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine — Tue, 26 Apr 2011 01:30:48 +0100

The government will carry out emergency mass vaccination in Baringo county, following fears of an outbreak of yellow fever. Medics in the area have been put on high alert and surveillance teams deployed after reports that one person had died of yellow fever while three people had been admitted to hospital with symptoms of the contagious disease. (Source: AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine)

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Tracking Vaccine-Safety Inquiries to Detect Signals and Monitor Public Concerns

PEDIATRICS — Mon, 25 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Questions about rare but potentially serious AEs and general concerns about vaccine safety were encountered relatively frequently. The substantial number of clinically focused inquires may indicate a need for more provider support tools and resources. Tracking of inquiries can supplement information received through vaccine AE reporting and contribute to an enhanced scientific and communications response to vaccine-safety concerns. (Source: PEDIATRICS)

First Clinical Trial Results Of Xcellerex Inactivated Vaccine Against Yellow Fever Published In New England Journal Of Medicine

Health News from Medical News Today — Fri, 08 Apr 2011 12:00:00 +0100

Xcellerex, Inc., a leader in rapid deployment, single-use biomanufacturing solutions, today announced positive results of a Phase I clinical trial of its investigational vaccine against yellow fever virus, XRX-001. In the study, the vaccine was well tolerated and induced neutralizing antibodies in 100 percent of subjects receiving a high dose and 88 percent receiving a low dose. The results are published in the April 7, 2011 edition of the New England Journal of Medicine... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

New Yellow Fever Vaccine Safe and Effective

Modern Medicine — Wed, 06 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

A new vaccine against yellow fever that contains inactivated yellow fever antigen shows promise as a safe alternative to live vaccine, according to research published in the April 7 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine. (Source: Modern Medicine)

An Inactivated Cell-Culture Vaccine against Yellow Fever

New England Journal of Medicine — Wed, 06 Apr 2011 21:00:09 +0100

New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 364, Issue 14, Page 1326-1333, April 2011. (Source: New England Journal of Medicine)

TNF-α Antagonists and Immunization

Current Infectious Disease Reports — Thu, 31 Mar 2011 17:40:11 +0100

Abstract Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists have proven to be very effective in the treatment of several autoimmune-mediated inflammatory diseases. The two classes of TNF antagonists—soluble TNF receptors and TNF monoclonal antibodies—have several important structural, pharmacokinetic, and functional differences. TNF antagonists interfere at different steps in the immune response to infections and vaccines. The immune response to pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines is impaired in patients treated with methotrexate with some additional immunosuppressive effect of TNF antagonists. The secondary immune responses to inactivated and live attenuated vaccines, such as yellow fever vaccine, during treatment with TNF antagonists is mostly adequate despite significantly low...

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Yellow fever vaccine - is it safe whilst breastfeeding

NeLM - Medicines Q and A — Fri, 25 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Source: Trent Medicines Information Service Area: Evidence > Medicines Q & A Studies indicate that >80% of vaccinated persons developed yellow fever vaccine neutralizing antibodies by 10 days after vaccination and >99% by 28 days after vaccination. Adverse effects, specifically encephalitis (yellow fever vaccine associated neurological disease) have been seen in three breastfed infants whose mothers received yellow fever vaccine Mothers traveling to endemic areas with infants under 9 months of age should be strongly encouraged to adjust their itinerary to avoid the need for vaccination, or postpone their trip until they are no longer breastfeeding or their infant is over 9 months of age and can be vaccinated with low risk of adverse effects. Until further data is ...

Biological and immunological characterization of recombinant Yellow Fever 17D Viruses expressing a Trypanosoma cruzi Amastigote Surface Protein-2 CD8+ T cell epitope at two distinct regions of the genome

BioMed Central — Fri, 18 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: We conclude that the YF 17D platform is useful to express T. cruzi (Protozoan) antigens at different functional regions of its genome with minimal reduction of vector fitness. In addition, the model T. cruzi epitope expressed at different regions of the YF 17D genome elicited a similar T cell-based immune response, suggesting that both expression sites are useful. However, the epitope as such is not protective and it remains to be seen whether expression of larger domains of ASP-2, which include the TEWETGQI epitope, will elicit better T-CD8+ reponses to the latter. It is likely that additional antigens and recombinant virus formulations will be necessary to generate a protective response (Source: BioMed Central)

Nanoparticles That Mimic Viruses Can Stimulate Long Lasting Immunity

Health News from Medical News Today — Fri, 25 Feb 2011 08:00:00 +0100

Vaccine scientists say their "Holy Grail" is to stimulate immunity that lasts for a lifetime. Live viral vaccines such as the smallpox or yellow fever vaccines provide immune protection that lasts several decades, but despite their success, scientists have remained in the dark as to how they induce such long lasting immunity. Scientists at the Emory Vaccine Center have designed tiny nanoparticles that resemble viruses in size and immunological composition and that induce lifelong immunity in mice... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Virus-mimicking nanoparticles can stimulate long-lasting immunity

ScienceDaily Headlines — Thu, 24 Feb 2011 10:00:00 +0100

Scientists have designed tiny nanoparticles that resemble viruses in size and immunological composition and that induce lifelong immunity in mice. They designed the particles to mimic the immune-stimulating effects of one of the most successful vaccines ever developed -- the yellow fever vaccine. The particles, made of biodegradable polymers, have components that activate two different parts of the innate immune system and can be used interchangeably with material from many different bacteria or viruses. (Source: ScienceDaily Headlines)

Virus-mimicking nanoparticles can stimulate long lasting immunity

ScienceDaily Headlines — Wed, 23 Feb 2011 05:00:00 +0100

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Programming the magnitude and persistence of antibody responses with innate immunity

Nature — Wed, 23 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Sudhir Pai Kasturi, Ioanna Skountzou, Randy A. Albrecht, Dimitrios Koutsonanos, Tang Hua, Helder I. Nakaya, Rajesh Ravindran, Shelley Stewart, Munir Alam, Marcin Kwissa, Francois Villinger, Niren Murthy, John Steel, Joshy Jacob, Robert J. Hogan, Adolfo García-Sastre, Richard Compans & Bali Pulendran Many successful vaccines induce persistent antibody responses that can last a lifetime. The mechanisms by which they do so remain unclear, but emerging evidence indicates that they activate dendritic cells via Toll-like receptors (TLRs). For example, the yellow fever vaccine YF-17D, one of the most successful empiric vaccines ever developed, activates dendritic cells via multiple TLRs to stimulate proinflammatory cytokines. Triggering specific combinations of TLRs in dend...

Breastfeeding may transmit vaccine virus

Health News - UPI.com — Thu, 10 Feb 2011 00:47:50 +0100

CALGARY, Alberta, Feb. 9 (UPI) -- A Canadian doctor reports breastfeeding seems to have transmitted a mother's live-virus yellow fever vaccine virus to her baby. (Source: Health News - UPI.com)

Yellow Fever & Breast Feeding Moms

Medical Headlines From Ivanhoe.com — Wed, 09 Feb 2011 05:00:00 +0100

(Ivanhoe Newswire) -- Breastfeeding moms may want to postpone their next trip overseas or avoid getting the yellow fever vaccine. (Source: Medical Headlines From Ivanhoe.com)

Can Breastfeeding Transmit Yellow Fever After Maternal Vaccination?

Health News from Medical News Today — Tue, 08 Feb 2011 10:00:00 +0100

We report the probable transmission of vaccine strain of yellow fever virus from a mother to her infant through breastfeeding," which supports current recommendations for breastfeeding mothers to avoid the vaccine... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

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Can breastfeeding transmit yellow fever after maternal vaccination?

ScienceDaily Headlines — Mon, 07 Feb 2011 23:17:39 +0100

A five-week old infant most likely contracted a vaccine strain of yellow fever virus through breastfeeding, according to a case report from Canada. (Source: ScienceDaily Headlines)

Case report: probable transmission of vaccine strain of yellow fever virus to an infant via breast milk.

cmaj — Mon, 07 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100

We report the probable transmission of vaccine strain of yellow fever virus from a mother to her infant through breastfeeding. PMID: 21324845 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: cmaj)

Yellow fever in Côte d'Ivoire - update

WHO Disease Outbreaks — Tue, 01 Feb 2011 09:50:00 +0100

More than 700,000 people were vaccinated against yellow fever in the recent emergency vaccination campaign in Côte d'Ivoire led by the Ministry of Health with support from WHO and UNICEF. (Source: WHO Disease Outbreaks)

Uganda: Yellow Fever Vaccination Starts

AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine — Fri, 28 Jan 2011 03:50:42 +0100

VACCINATION against yellow fever has taken off in Pader and Agago districts, where the disease broke out recently. (Source: AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine)

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Uganda: Tackling Yellow Fever in the North

AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine — Thu, 27 Jan 2011 14:42:28 +0100

Health officials in Uganda have launched a yellow fever vaccination drive in the north where an outbreak of the disease has caused 53 deaths and 224 infections in 10 districts since late 2010. (Source: AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine)

Uganda: Yellow Fever Vaccination Begins in North

AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine — Thu, 27 Jan 2011 03:22:39 +0100

Mass immunisation against yellow fever in northern Uganda has started. (Source: AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine)

Vaccination Campaigns To Stop Yellow Fever Spread Get Underway In E. Africa

Health News from Medical News Today — Tue, 25 Jan 2011 10:00:00 +0100

Individuals traveling across East Africa on Friday were ordered to begin receiving mandatory yellow fever vaccines in an effort "to contain an outbreak of the disease in Uganda," which has sickened an estimated 190 people, resulting in 48 deaths as of Dec. 30, 2010, the Citizen reports (Ubwani, 1/22)... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Factors associated to the vaccination covering in adolescents

Acta Paulista de Enfermagem — Mon, 24 Jan 2011 23:51:10 +0100

CONCLUSION: The low vaccination covering found in this study had the following causes: lost of vaccination opportunities (65.5 %); deficiency of knowledge on vaccines, the age group - more than 15 years (Reason of Predominance (RP) = 2.85; Rate of Confidence (IC) 95 % = 1.63-4.99); and the masculine gender (RP = 2.04; IC95 % =1.15-3.62).OBJETIVO: Analizar los factores asociados a la condición de estar vacunado entre adolescentes, en un área de la Estrategia Salud de la Familia, en la ciudad de Teresina, en el estado de Piauí. MÉTODOS: Estudio de naturaleza cuantitativa y de tipo seccional. La muestra fue constituida por 261 adolescentes y el análisis fue realizado por medio de la estadística descriptiva. RESULTADOS: La cobertura por vacuna contra rubéola, sarampión e caxumba fue de...

Uganda: Yellow Fever Vaccine Secured

AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine — Fri, 14 Jan 2011 02:30:57 +0100

THE Ministry of Health has received one million doses of yellow fever vaccine, two months after the disease broke out. (Source: AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine)

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Uganda: Yellow Fever Vaccine Finally Here

AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine — Fri, 14 Jan 2011 02:18:16 +0100

After long weeks of waiting, the yellow fever vaccine finally arrived in the country with five districts; Abim, Agago, Pader, Kitgum and Lamwo set to first receive the drug. (Source: AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine)

Also In Global Health News: Vaccination Hampered In Cote D'Ivoire; TB And Lung Cancer; HIV Testing, Counseling In Zambia; More

Health News from Medical News Today — Thu, 06 Jan 2011 12:00:00 +0100

Political Unrest Hampering Cote d'Ivoire's Yellow Fever Vaccine Campaign "Unrest following Cote d'Ivoire's presidential election is blocking a nationwide vaccination drive against yellow fever, a fatal mosquito-borne disease that is affecting people throughout the country," IRIN reports. The immunization campaign - part of a global effort by WHO and UNICEF - has already been rescheduled twice because of violence... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Côte d'Ivoire: Chaos Blocks Yellow Fever Vaccination Drive

AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine — Thu, 06 Jan 2011 06:48:05 +0100

Unrest following Côte d'Ivoire's presidential election is blocking a nationwide vaccination drive against yellow fever, a fatal mosquito-borne disease that is affecting people throughout the country. (Source: AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine)

Is homeopathy on the ropes after ban on prescription for pets?

Guardian Unlimited Science — Wed, 05 Jan 2011 17:05:24 +0100

Homeopaths who recommend remedies for the prevention of serious infectious diseases are now coming under the spotlightHomeopathy is under real pressure following recent developments, highlighted in a hard-hitting report by BBC TV science correspondent Pallab Ghosh on last night's Newsnight programme.Not for use in animalsIn December the Veterinary Medicines Directorate (VMD) in the Department for the Environment Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) – which governs the use of medicines in animals – made clear that homeopathic treatments could only be classed as medicines, and thus prescribed by vets, if they were able to demonstrate efficacy.Homeopathic products cannot demonstrate efficacy to any satisfactory degree and so this means that they can't be used by vets to treat animals. The use o...

Is homeopathy on the ropes after vets' ruling? | Dr Evan Harris

Guardian Unlimited Science — Wed, 05 Jan 2011 17:05:24 +0100

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Also In Global Health News: Field Trial To Fight Dengue In Australia; Bangladesh Reducing Child Mortality; Yellow Fever In Uganda; HIV/AIDS In Iran

Health News from Medical News Today — Tue, 04 Jan 2011 12:00:00 +0100

Dengue-Blocking Mosquitoes Field Trial To Kick Off Tuesday In Australia AAP/Sydney Morning Herald reports that a 12-week field trial involving the release of mosquitoes infected with a bacterium known to block the transmission of dengue will kick off Tuesday in several suburbs in north Queensland, Australia. "Laboratory research has shown that [the bacteria] Wolbachia acts like a vaccine for the mosquito, by monopolising resources needed by the dengue virus," according to the news service... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Uganda: Yellow Fever Vaccination Postponed

AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine — Tue, 04 Jan 2011 03:22:04 +0100

THE Health ministry has postponed the mass vaccination exercise against yellow fever due to the scarcity of the vaccine. (Source: AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine)

Uganda: Yellow Fever Vaccination to Delay for Two Weeks

AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine — Mon, 03 Jan 2011 01:16:19 +0100

Contrary to what government promised, the yellow fever vaccine may take another two weeks before it can reach the country, further delaying the mass vaccination against yellow fever in northern Uganda. (Source: AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine)

Uganda: Vaccine Awaited as 12 More Catch Yellow Fever

AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine — Fri, 31 Dec 2010 02:23:33 +0100

As the health ministry waits for vaccines to arrive, yellow fever, which has broken out in northern Uganda, continued to spread, affecting 12 more people--but with no new deaths recorded. The number of those infected now rises to 190, while the deaths stay at 48--two months after the disease broke out. (Source: AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine)

Uganda: Yellow Fever - Ring Vaccination Not Enough

AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine — Tue, 28 Dec 2010 03:47:05 +0100

AT least 2.5 million people will be vaccinated in northern Uganda against yellow fever that had by the weekend killed 45 people and infected 178 others. (Source: AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine)

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Uganda: Yellow Fever Spreads to Ten Districts

AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine — Tue, 28 Dec 2010 03:46:37 +0100

THE Ministry of Health wants $35m (about sh80b) to purchase the yellow fever vaccine for 10 districts in the north to stop the spread of deadly viral disease. (Source: AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine)

Vaccination and Antiviral Treatment of Neglected Diseases Caused by Flaviviral Infections.

Current Medicinal Chemistry — Tue, 14 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Schleich K, Nürnberger C, Sobanski A, Efferth T Flaviviral infections have a re-emerging impact on the health situation in developing countries with several billions of people living at risk. In the present review, we focus on three members of the genus Flavivirus belonging to the Flaviviridae family. They are transmitted to humans by mosquito bites, namely those viruses leading to Dengue Fever, Yellow Fever and mosquito-borne Japanese encephalitis. All three virus groups have a spherical structure with a diameter of approximately 50 nm. Although sharing a similar genomic structure and intracellular life cycle, they show different clinical manifestations. Infections are incurable, as there is no antiviral treatment available for either of the three viruses. Thus, prevention a...

Review of dengue virus and the development of a vaccine.

Biotechnology Advances — Fri, 10 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Murrell S, Wu SC, Butler M Dengue viral infection has become an increasing global health concern with over two-fifths of the world's population at risk of infection. It is the most rapidly spreading vector borne disease, attributed to changing demographics, urbanization, environment, and global travel. It continues to be a threat in over 100 tropical and sub-tropical countries, affecting predominantly children. Dengue also carries a hefty financial burden on the health care systems in affected areas, as those infected seek care for their symptoms. The search for a suitable vaccine for dengue has been ongoing for the last sixty years, yet any effective treatment or vaccine remains elusive. A vaccine must be protective for all four serotypes of dengue and be cost-effective. Many...

Yellow Fever Virus in Haemagogus leucocelaenus and Aedes serratus Mosquitoes, Southern Brazil, 2008.

Emerging Infectious Diseases — Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100

We report entomologic surveillance in 2 municipalities that recorded nonhuman primate deaths. Mosquitoes were collected at ground level, identified, and processed for virus isolation and molecular analyses. Eight YFV strains were isolated (7 from pools of Hg. leucocelaenus mosquitoes and another from Aedes serratus mosquitoes); 6 were sequenced, and they grouped in the YFV South American genotype I. The results confirmed the role of Hg. leucocelaenus mosquitoes as the main YFV vector in southern Brazil and suggest that Ae. serratus mosquitoes may have a potential role as a secondary vector. PMID: 21122222 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Emerging Infectious Diseases)

Incremental costs of introducing jet injection technology for delivery of routine childhood vaccinations: Comparative analysis from Brazil, India, and South Africa.

Vaccine — Fri, 26 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: The incremental costs should be evaluated against other vaccine delivery technologies that can deliver the same benefits to patients, health care workers, and the community. DSJIs deserve consideration by global and national decision-makers as a means to expand access to ID delivery and to enhance safety at marginal additional cost. PMID: 21115059 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine)

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WHO Working Group on Technical Specifications for Manufacture and Evaluation of Yellow Fever Vaccines, Geneva, Switzerland, 13-14 May 2009.

Vaccine — Tue, 02 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Ferguson M, Shin J, Knezevic I, Minor P, Barrett A In May 2009, WHO convened a meeting of Working Group on Technical Specifications for Manufacturing and Evaluating Yellow Fever (YF) Vaccines, Geneva, Switzerland to initiate revision of the WHO Recommendations (formerly, Requirements) for YF vaccine published in WHO Technical Report Series number 872 (1998). The Working Group, consisting of experts from academia, industry, national regulatory authorities and national control laboratories, reviewed the latest issues of safety, efficacy and quality of YF vaccines and agreed that (i) the revision should focus on live attenuated YF vaccine virus 17D lineage; and that (ii) nonclinical and clinical guidelines for new vaccines prepared from 17D lineage be developed. PMID: 2105549...

Travel‐Related Mosquito‐Transmitted Disease Questionnaire Survey among Health Professionals in Taiwan

Journal of Travel Medicine — Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions. Analysis of the results revealed significant deficits in travel medicine knowledge among health‐care providers. Emphasis on continuing medical education for disease vector behavior, prophylactic drug prescription, and preventative vaccination is important to travel safety. Health professionals in Taiwan should actively participate in the International Society of Travel Medicine to follow the international standard of travel medicine practitioners. This type of survey should be adopted in other countries which would be helpful in improving the quality of care for travelers. (Source: Journal of Travel Medicine)

[Editorial] The UK's continued shameful neglect of migrants' health

LANCET — Fri, 29 Oct 2010 19:07:14 +0100

While all eyes are on the death of Jimmy Mubenga at the hands of a private firm contracted by the Home Office, another practice with potential fatal outcome by the UK Borders Agency continues quietly and unnoticed. In the context of a recent court case, it has come to light that people removed to countries where yellow fever vaccination is mandatory for entry are not given the vaccine. How does the Home Office get round this requirement?For the previous Lancet Editorial see Lancet 2008; 371: 178 (Source: LANCET)

Comparison of knowledge on travel related health risks and their prevention among humanitarian aid workers and other travellers consulting at the Institut Pasteur travel clinic in Paris, France

Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease — Thu, 28 Oct 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Even though the knowledge was slightly better in the NGO group, there are still important gaps and a combined effort of all actors is needed to improve the security of expatriated humanitarian aid workers, in particular for the non-medical staff. (Source: Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease)

Is it time for a new yellow fever vaccine?

Vaccine — Wed, 20 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Hayes EB An inexpensive live attenuated vaccine (the 17D vaccine) against yellow fever has been effectively used to prevent yellow fever for more than 70 years. Interest in developing new inactivated vaccines has been spurred by recognition of rare but serious, sometimes fatal adverse events following live virus vaccination. A safer inactivated yellow fever vaccine could be useful for vaccinating people at higher risk of adverse events from the live vaccine, but could also have broader global health utility by lowering the risk-benefit threshold for assuring high levels of yellow fever vaccine coverage. If ongoing trials demonstrate favorable immunogenicity and safety compared to the current vaccine, the practical global health utility of an inactivated vaccine is likely to be...

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CD8(+) gamma-delta TCR(+) and CD4(+) T cells produce IFN-γ at 5-7 days after yellow fever vaccination in Indian rhesus macaques, before the induction of classical antigen-specific T cell responses.

Vaccine — Fri, 08 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Neves PC, Rudersdorf RA, Galler R, Bonaldo MC, Santana MG, Mudd PA, Martins MA, Rakasz EG, Wilson NA, Watkins DI The yellow fever 17D (YF-17D) vaccine is one of the most efficacious vaccines developed to date. Interestingly, vaccination with YF-17D induces IFN-γ production early after vaccination (days 5-7) before the development of classical antigen-specific CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cell responses. Here we investigated the cellular source of this early IFN-γ production. At days 5 and 7 post-vaccination activated CD8(+) gamma-delta TCR T cells produced IFN-γ and TNF-α. Activated CD4(+) T cells produced IFN-γ and TNF-α at day 7 post-vaccination. This early IFN-γ production was also induced after vaccination with recombinant YF-17D (rYF-17D), but was not observed after recombi...

Development and evaluation of a formalin-inactivated West Nile Virus vaccine (WN-VAX) for a human vaccine candidate.

Vaccine — Tue, 05 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Herrera GP, Inoue S, Fuke I, Muraki Y, Mapua CA, Khan AH, Parquet MD, Manabe S, Tanishita O, Ishikawa T, Natividad FF, Okuno Y, Hasebe F, Morita K A formalin-inactivated West Nile Virus (WNV) vaccine (WN-VAX) derived from the WNV-NY99 strain was tested for its safety, efficacy, dilution limit for complete protection, and cross-neutralization. Safety tests performed with experimental animals, bacteria, or cultured cell lines showed no evidence of short- or long-term adverse effects. WN-VAX also protected 100% of 4-week-old mice against a lethal challenge from the WNV-NY99 strain after two doses of intraperitoneal inoculation-even when the vaccine was diluted to 3.2ng/dose. Moreover, very limited cross-neutralization activity against Japanese encephalitis virus, Dengue virus, Mu...

Guatemalan STD medical experiments were just one crime in a long history of medical-government collusion to use humans as guinea pigs

NaturalNews.com — Sat, 02 Oct 2010 07:00:00 +0100

(NaturalNews) It has now been widely revealed that the United States conducted medical experiments on prisoners and mental health patients in Guatemala in the 1940's. Carried out by a government-employed doctor working in a psychiatric hospital, these experiments involved intentionally infecting Guatemalans with syphilis (and other STDs) without their knowledge in order to determine the effectiveness of penicillin. They were sponsored in part by the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH), and they've now been widely reported by ABC News, the Washington Post and many other mainstream papers (who have suddenly taken an interest in a subject they normally wouldn't touch).The outrage against this inhumane medical science experiment is reflected in mainstream news headlines across the globe, ...

Health conditions for travelers to Saudi Arabia for (Hajj) for the year 1431H/2010

Journal of Infection and Public Health — Wed, 29 Sep 2010 18:38:42 +0100

The Ministry of Health of Saudi Arabia has issued the following requirements and recommendations for entry visas for the year 1431H (2010) Hajj and Umra seasons. (A) In accordance with the revised International Health Regulations (1) 2005, all travellers arriving from countries or areas at risk of yellow fever transmission (list of countries below) must present a valid yellow fever vaccination certificate showing that the person was vaccinated at least 10 days previously and not more than 10 years before arrival at the border. (Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health)

Development of human-murine chimeric immunoglobulin Gs for use in the serological detection of human flavivirus and alphavirus antibodies.

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology — Tue, 24 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Thibodeaux BA, Panella AN, Roehrig JT Diagnosis of human arboviral infections relies heavily on serological techniques such as the immunoglobulin (Ig) M antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MAC-ELISA) and the indirect IgG ELISA. Broad application of these assays is hindered by the lack of standardized positive human control sera that react with the wide variety of flaviviruses (e.g., dengue [DEN], West Nile [WN], yellow fever [YF], Japanese encephalitis [JE], Saint Louis encephalitis [SLE], and Powassan [POW] viruses), or alphaviruses (e.g., Eastern equine encephalitis [EEE], Western equine encephalitis [WEE], Venezuelan equine encephalitis [VEE], and chikungunya [CHIK] viruses) that can cause human disease. We have created human-murine chimeric monoclonal antib...

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Evaluation of the Safety and Immunogenicity of the RTS,S/AS01E Malaria Candidate Vaccine When Integrated in the Expanded Program of Immunization

The Journal of Infectious Diseases Latest Issue — Tue, 24 Aug 2010 21:17:30 +0100

Conclusion. RTS,S/AS01E integrated in the EPI showed a favorable safety and immunogenicity evaluation. Trial registration. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00436007. GlaxoSmithKline study ID number: 106369 (Malaria‐050). (Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases Latest Issue)

Major sources of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the complex network of innate and adaptive immunity in adults volunteers after 17DD yellow fever first-time vaccination.

Vaccine — Thu, 19 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100

In this study, we have performed a longitudinal investigation (days 0, 7, 15 and 30) to characterize the cytokine profile of innate and adaptive immunity following YF-17DD first-time vaccination. Data from non-stimulated cultures demonstrated a prominent participation of the innate immunity with increased frequency of TNF-alpha(+) neutrophils and IFN-gamma(+) NK-cells at D7 besides TNF-alpha(+) monocytes at D7, D15 and D30. Increased frequency of IL-10(+) monocytes was observed at D15 and D30, and decreased percentage of IL-4(+) NK-cells were detected at D7, D15 and D30. Time-dependent and oscillating cytokine pattern was observed in CD4(+) T-cells, with low percentage of IL-12(+), IL-4(+) and IL-10(+) cells at D7 and increased frequency of TNF-alpha(+) cells at D15 besides IFN-gamma(+) an...

RECOMMENDATIONS AND REPORTS: Yellow Fever Vaccine

CDC Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report — Fri, 30 Jul 2010 05:07:50 +0100

(Source: CDC Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report)

Yellow Fever Vaccine: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP).

MMWR Recomm Rep — Thu, 29 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100

This report updates CDC's recommendations for using yellow fever (YF) vaccine (CDC. Yellow fever vaccine: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunizations Practices: MMWR 2002;51[No. RR-17]). Since the previous YF vaccine recommendations were published in 2002, new or additional information has become available on the epidemiology of YF, safety profile of the vaccine, and health regulations related to the vaccine. This report summarizes the current epidemiology of YF, describes immunogenicity and safety data for the YF vaccine, and provides recommendations for the use of YF vaccine among travelers and laboratory workers. YF is a vectorborne disease resulting from the transmission of yellow fever virus (YFV) to a human from the bite of an infected mosquito. It is endemic to sub-Sa...

Yellow fever vaccination coverage among children in Brazilian capitals.

Vaccine — Wed, 28 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Veras MA, Flannery B, de Moraes JC, da Silva Teixeira AM, Luna EJ, Brazil recommends universal yellow fever (YF) vaccination for children who reside in or travel to endemic areas. We conducted a household survey to calculate YF vaccine coverage among children 18-30 months of age in 27 capital cities. A total of 9285 children were surveyed in the 15 cities with YF fever universal vaccination; 7290 (79%) had documented evidence of YF vaccination by 12 months of age, 7996 (86%) by 18 months of age, and 8479 (91%) prior to the survey. In 12 cities with selective YF vaccination coverage was only 1% by 18 months of age. YF fever vaccination can be improved to reach all children where vaccine is recommended. PMID: 20674878 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine)

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Immunogenicity and Tolerability of Yellow Fever Vaccination in 23 French HIV-Infected Patients.

Current HIV Research — Sun, 18 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions. Yellow fever vaccination was safe and effective in a large majority of this cohort of stable, HIV-infected patients. PMID: 20636276 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Current HIV Research)

Participation in national polio immunization days: results of a vaccine coverage survey among children in 27 Brazilian cities

Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia — Fri, 09 Jul 2010 07:13:47 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: In Brazilian capitals, National Immunization Days continue to enjoy high levels of acceptance by the population and offer opportunities to complete recommended immunization schedules. Reasons for non-participation suggest the need for different communication strategies to reach parents who do not bring their children for vaccination on NIDs. (Source: Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia)

The live-attenuated yellow fever vaccine 17D induces broad and potent T cell responses against several viral proteins in Indian rhesus macaques—implications for recombinant vaccine design

Immunogenetics — Tue, 06 Jul 2010 17:00:07 +0100

Abstract The yellow fever vaccine 17D (YF17D) is one of the most effective vaccines. Its wide use and favorable safety profile make it a prime candidate for recombinant vaccines. It is believed that neutralizing antibodies account for a large measure of the protection afforded to YF17D-vaccinated individuals, however cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses have been described in the setting of YF17D vaccination. YF17D is an ssRNA flavivirus that is translated as a full-length polyprotein, several domains of which pass into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The processing and presentation machinery for MHC class I-restricted CTL responses favor cytoplasmic peptides that are transported into the ER by the transporter associated with antigen presentation proteins. I...

Yellow fever vaccine: Fatal yellow fever vaccine-associated viscerotropic disease in an elderly patient: case report

Reactions — Tue, 29 Jun 2010 05:33:09 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

Evaluation of yellow fever virus 17D strain as a new vector for HIV-1 vaccine development.

Vaccine — Sun, 27 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Franco D, Li W, Qing F, Stoyanov CT, Moran T, Rice CM, Ho DD The failure to develop an effective vaccine against HIV-1 infection has led the research community to seek new ways of raising qualitatively different antibody and cellular immune responses. Towards this goal, we investigated the yellow fever 17D vaccine strain (YF17D), one of the most effective vaccines ever made, as a platform for HIV-1 vaccine development. A test antigen, HIV-1 p24 (clade B consensus), was inserted near the 5' end of YF17D, in frame and upstream of the polyprotein (YF-5'/p24), or between the envelope and the first non-structural protein (YF-E/p24/NS1). In vitro characterization of these recombinants indicated that the gene insert was more stable in the context of YF-E/p24/NS1. This was confirmed i...

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Also In Global Health News: WHO Scraps Drug Development Group; Access To Medication In Philippines; Yellow Fever Vaccine Shortage; More

Health News from Medical News Today — Tue, 22 Jun 2010 12:00:00 +0100

WHO Scraps Old Drug Development Group, Creates New One Lancet World Report examines how "[d]isappointment over a long-awaited report on improving drug research and development for neglected diseases" led the WHO to form a new Consultative Expert Working Group (CEWG) to strategize around drug research and development... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Financial Threat To Global Supply Of Vaccine Puts 120 Million At Risk Of Yellow Fever

Health News from Medical News Today — Thu, 17 Jun 2010 10:00:00 +0100

More than 120 million people will remain at risk from yellow fever if planned mass vaccination campaigns are not carried out in Nigeria and Ghana, according to the International Coordinating Group (ICG) on Yellow Fever Vaccine Provision. A continuing financial shortfall is threatening the global supply of yellow fever vaccine and could result in the exclusion of the two countries from upcoming campaigns. Over the past three years, campaigns across West Africa have enabled 61 million people to be immunized, protecting them from the risk of devastating yellow fever outbreaks... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Yellow fever vaccine modified to fight malaria

ScienceDaily Headlines — Tue, 15 Jun 2010 09:00:00 +0100

There is no vaccine for malaria, which sickens almost a quarter of a billion people each year and kills a child every 30 seconds. That could be changing: researchers have genetically transformed the yellow fever vaccine to prime the immune system to fend off the mosquito borne parasites that cause the disease. The researchers found that the modified vaccine, along with a booster, provided mice with immunity to the deadly disease. (Source: ScienceDaily Headlines)

Scientists Genetically Transform Yellow Fever Vaccine To Fight Malaria

Health News from Medical News Today — Sat, 12 Jun 2010 08:00:00 +0100

There is no malaria vaccine available today. Malaria sickens almost a quarter of a billion people each year and kills a child every 30 seconds. That could be changing: researchers at The Rockefeller University have genetically transformed the yellow fever vaccine to prime the immune system to fend off the mosquito borne parasites that cause the disease. The researchers found that the modified vaccine, along with a booster, provided mice with immunity to the deadly disease. The findings were reported online May 6 in the journal Vaccine... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Sequential Immunization with Heterologous Chimeric Flaviviruses Induces Broad‐Spectrum Cross‐Reactive CD8+ T Cell Responses

The Journal of Infectious Diseases Latest Issue — Fri, 11 Jun 2010 07:07:53 +0100

The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Latest Articles. Flavivirus vaccines based on ChimeriVax technology contain the nonstructural genes of the yellow fever vaccine and the premembrane and envelope genes of heterologous flaviviruses, such as Japanese encephalitis and West Nile viruses. These chimeric vaccines induce both humoral and cell‐mediated immunity. Mice were vaccinated with yellow fever, chimeric Japanese encephalitis virus (YF/JE), or chimeric West Nile virus (YF/WN) vaccines, followed by a secondary homologous or heterologous vaccination; the hierarchy and function of CD8+ T cell responses to a variable envelope epitope were then analyzed and compared with those directed against a conserved immunodominant yellow fever virus NS3 epitope. Sequent...

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Researchers modify yellow fever vaccine to fight malaria

The Rockefeller University Newswire — Tue, 08 Jun 2010 17:00:00 +0100

A genetically modified vaccine originally used to eradicate yellow fever could be the key to stopping a mosquito-borne scourge that afflicts much of the developing world. (Source: The Rockefeller University Newswire)

Inhibition of Dengue Virus by an Ester Prodrug of an Adenosine Analog.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy — Mon, 31 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Chen YL, Yin Z, Lakshminarayana SB, Qing M, Schul W, Duraiswamy J, Kondreddi RR, Goh A, Xu HY, Yip A, Liu B, Weaver M, Dartois V, Keller TH, Shi PY Dengue virus (DENV) is the most prevalent mosquito-borne viral pathogen that infects humans. Neither vaccine nor antiviral therapy is currently available for DENV. Here we report an adenosine nucleoside prodrug that potently inhibits DENV replication both in cell culture and in a DENV mouse model. NITD449 (2'-C-acetylene-7-deaza-7-carbamoyladenosine) was initially identified as a parental compound that inhibits all four serotypes of DENV with low cytotoxicity. However, in vivo pharmacokinetic studies indicated that NITD449 had a low exposure in plasma when dosed orally. To increase the oral bioavailability, we covalently linked iso...

Household-based sero-epidemiologic survey after a yellow Fever epidemic, Sudan, 2005.

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene — Mon, 31 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Farnon EC, Hannah Gould L, Griffith KS, Osman MS, Kholy AE, Brair ME, Panella AJ, Kosoy O, Laven JJ, Godsey MS, Perea W, Hayes EB From September through early December 2005, an outbreak of yellow fever (YF) occurred in South Kordofan, Sudan, resulting in a mass YF vaccination campaign. In late December 2005, we conducted a serosurvey to assess YF vaccine coverage and to better define the epidemiology of the outbreak in an index village. Of 552 persons enrolled, 95% reported recent YF vaccination, and 25% reported febrile illness during the outbreak period: 13% reported YF-like illness, 4% reported severe YF-like illness, and 12% reported chikungunya-like illness. Of 87 persons who provided blood samples, all had positive YF serologic results, including three who had never been...

Bioinformatics in New Generation Flavivirus Vaccines

Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology — Mon, 10 May 2010 16:19:28 +0100

Flavivirus infections are the most prevalent arthropod-borne infections world wide, often causing severe disease especially among children, the elderly, and the immunocompromised. In the absence of effective antiviral treatment, prevention through vaccination would greatly reduce morbidity and mortality associated with flavivirus infections. Despite the success of the empirically developed vaccines against yellow fever virus, Japanese encephalitis virus and tick-borne encephalitis virus, there is an increasing need for a more rational design and development of safe and effective vaccines. Several bioinformatic tools are available to support such rational vaccine design. In doing so, several parameters have to be taken into account, such as safety for the target population, overall immunoge...

Tanzania: Yellow Fever Certificates Set Tongues Wagging

AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine — Mon, 10 May 2010 14:58:06 +0100

Travellers landing at the Kilimanjaro International Airport (KIA) say they are bothered by demand for yellow fever vaccination certificates.* (Source: AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine)

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Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a recombinant yellow fever vaccine against the murine malarial parasite Plasmodium yoelii.

Vaccine — Tue, 04 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Stoyanov CT, Boscardin SB, Deroubaix S, Barba-Spaeth G, Franco D, Nussenzweig RS, Nussenzweig M, Rice CM The live-attenuated yellow fever vaccine (YF17D) is one of the safest and most effective vaccines available today. Here, YF17D was genetically altered to express the circumsporozoite protein (CSP) from the murine malarial parasite Plasmodium yoelii. Reconstituted recombinant virus was viable and exhibited robust CSP expression. Immunization of naÃ¯ve mice resulted in extensive proliferation of adoptively transferred CSP-specific transgenic CD8(+) T-cells. A single immunization of naÃ¯ve mice with recombinant YF17D resulted robust production of IFN-gamma by CD8(+) T-cells and IFN-gamma and IL-2 by CD4(+) T-cells. A prime-boost regimen consisting of recombinant virus foll...

Suspected yellow Fever vaccine-associated viscerotropic adverse events (1973 and 1978), United States.

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene — Fri, 30 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Monath TP Two cases of yellow fever vaccine-associated viscerotropic adverse events (YEL-AVD) were identified by review of correspondence received at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC; Ft. Collins, CO). The cases occurred in Indiana and Maryland in 1973 and 1978, respectively. One patient, a 75-year-old man with multi-organ failure died, and the other, a 31-year-old woman, was hospitalized for 14 days. Onset was 3-6 days after vaccination. The illness was characterized by fever, headache, myalgia, gastrointestinal symptoms, hepatic and renal dysfunction, and (in the fatal case), shock and coagulopathy, compatible with YEL-AVD. Liver pathology showed diffuse, spotty necrosis, acidophilic degeneration, Kupffer cell hyperplasia, and microvesicular fat. No virolo...

Transmission of Yellow Fever Vaccine Virus Through Breast-Feeding -- Brazil, 2009

Medscape Today Headlines — Thu, 22 Apr 2010 11:04:26 +0100

An infant in Brazil acquires yellow fever vaccine virus via breast milk and prompts health officials to recommend against administration of yellow fever vaccine to breast-feeding women. Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

New Vaccines for Japanese Encephalitis

Current Infectious Disease Reports — Thu, 22 Apr 2010 09:28:52 +0100

Abstract Epidemics of encephalitis occurring throughout much of Asia are caused by Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a flavivirus maintained in a zoonotic cycle and transmitted by the mosquito, Culex tritaeniorhynchus. Resident populations, including short–or long-term visitors to enzootic regions, are at risk for Japanese encephalitis (JE) infection and disease. For the past several decades, effective killed viral vaccines prepared in tissue culture or mouse brain have been used to immunize travelers and residents of affected countries. Cost, efficacy, and safety concerns led to the development of a single-dose live attenuated virus vaccine (SA14-14-2) and more recently, to the licensure in the United States, Europe, and Australia of a purified inactivated, tissue cultu...

Transfusion-Related Transmission of Yellow Fever Vaccine Virus--California, 2009 [From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]

JAMA — Tue, 13 Apr 2010 19:50:54 +0100

(Source: JAMA)

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A case of yellow Fever vaccine-associated viscerotropic disease in ecuador.

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene — Tue, 30 Mar 2010 21:06:13 +0100

We report the first case of viscerotropic syndrome in Ecuador. Because of similarities between yellow fever and viscerotropic syndrome, the incidence of this recently described complication of vaccination with the 17D yellow fever vaccine is not known. There is a large population in South America that is considered at risk for possible reemergence of urban yellow fever. Knowledge of potentially fatal complications of yellow fever vaccine should temper decisions to vaccinate populations where the disease is not endemic. PMID: 20348528 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)

Update on Dengue: Epidemiology, Virus Evolution, Antiviral Drugs, and Vaccine Development

Current Infectious Disease Reports — Mon, 29 Mar 2010 17:15:19 +0100

Abstract Dengue virus is the most widespread geographically of the arboviruses and a major public health threat in the tropics and subtropics. Scientific advances in recent years have provided new insights about the pathogenesis of more severe disease and novel approaches into the development of antiviral compounds and dengue vaccines. Phylogenetic studies show an association between specific subtypes (within serotypes) and severity of dengue. The lack of association between maternal antibodies and development of severe dengue in infants in a recent study has called for the rethinking or refinement of the current antibody-dependent enhancement theory of dengue hemorrhagic syndrome in infancy. Such studies should stimulate new directions of research into mechanisms responsi...

Inactivated yellow fever 17D vaccine: Development and nonclinical safety, immunogenicity and protective activity.

Vaccine — Wed, 24 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Monath TP, Lee CK, Julander JG, Brown A, Beasley DW, Watts DM, Hayman E, Guertin P, Makowiecki J, Crowell J, Levesque P, Bowick GC, Morin M, Fowler E, Trent DW In the last 10 years new concerns have arisen about safety of the live, attenuated yellow fever (YF) 17D vaccine, in particular viscerotropic adverse events, which have a case-fatality rate of 64%. A non-replicating cell culture-based vaccine would not cause these adverse events, and potentially could be used in persons with precautions or contraindications to use of the live vaccine, including age <9 months and >60 years, egg allergy, immune suppression, and pregnancy. We developed a whole virion vaccine from the 17D strain inactivated with beta-propiolactone, and adsorbed to aluminum hydroxide. The inactivated v...

Dynamic T cell migration program provides resident memory within intestinal epithelium

The Journal of Experimental Medicine — Mon, 15 Mar 2010 17:12:57 +0100

Migration to intestinal mucosa putatively depends on local activation because gastrointestinal lymphoid tissue induces expression of intestinal homing molecules, whereas skin-draining lymph nodes do not. This paradigm is difficult to reconcile with reports of intestinal T cell responses after alternative routes of immunization. We reconcile this discrepancy by demonstrating that activation within spleen results in intermediate induction of homing potential to the intestinal mucosa. We further demonstrate that memory T cells within small intestine epithelium do not routinely recirculate with memory T cells in other tissues, and we provide evidence that homing is similarly dynamic in humans after subcutaneous live yellow fever vaccine immunization. These data explain why systemic immunizatio...

Transfusion-Related Transmission of Yellow Fever Vaccine Virus -- California, 2009

Medscape Today Headlines — Thu, 11 Mar 2010 11:10:12 +0100

This report provides the first serologic evidence for transmission of yellow fever vaccine virus through infected blood products. What preventive steps are needed? Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

Efficacy of 2'-C-Methylcytidine Against Yellow Fever Virus in Cell Culture and in a Hamster Model.

Antiviral Research — Thu, 11 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Julander JG, Jha AK, Choi JA, Jung KH, Smee DF, Morrey JD, Chu CK Yellow fever virus (YFV) continues to cause outbreaks of disease in endemic areas where vaccine is underutilized. Due to the effectiveness of the vaccine, antiviral development solely for the treatment of YFV is not feasible, but antivirals that are effective in the treatment of related viral diseases may be characterized for potential use against YFV as a secondary indication disease. 2'-C-methylcytidine (2'-C-MeC), a compound active against hepatitis C virus, was found to have activity against the 17D vaccine strain of YFV in cell culture (EC(90)=0.32mug/ml, SI=141). This compound was effective when added as late as 16h after virus challenge of Vero cells. When administered to YFV-infected hamsters 4hours prio...

Characterizing the acceptability of a vaccine for West Nile virus by public health practitioners.

Vaccine — Sat, 27 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

This study examines health care personnel's knowledge of West Nile virus (WNv) and attitudes towards a proposed chimeric yellow fever/WNv vaccine within the province of Saskatchewan. Telephone and in-person interviews with medical health officers and public health nurses provided information with which to assess the acceptability of implementing vaccination as a component for prevention of WNv within the province with the highest number of WNv cases to date in western Canada. The majority of health care professionals felt confident in the potential efficacy of vaccination for prevention of WNv but suggested that targeted vaccination programs could be most effective. PMID: 20197131 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Vaccine)

Yellow fever vaccine: Meningitis and meningoencephalitis: 4 case reports

Reactions — Mon, 22 Feb 2010 14:16:47 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

Nursing Mothers Should Avoid Yellow Fever Vaccine

MedPage Today Public Health — Sat, 13 Feb 2010 23:57:26 +0100

A single case report has raised concern that yellow fever vaccine virus may be transmitted through breast milk, suggesting the need to avoid administering the vaccine to breastfeeding women. (Source: MedPage Today Public Health)

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Transmission of Yellow Fever Vaccine Virus Through Breast-Feeding --- Brazil, 2009

CDC Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report — Fri, 12 Feb 2010 13:39:59 +0100

(Source: CDC Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report)

Transmission of yellow Fever vaccine virus through breast-feeding --- Brazil, 2009.

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... — Fri, 12 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

This report summarizes the results of that investigation, which determined that the infant acquired yellow fever vaccine virus through breast-feeding. The mother reported 2 days of headache, malaise, and low fever occurring 5 days after receipt of yellow fever vaccine. The infant, who was exclusively breast-fed, was hospitalized at age 23 days with seizures requiring continuous infusion of intravenous anticonvulsants. The infant received antimicrobial and antiviral treatment for meningoencephalitis. The presence of 17DD yellow fever virus was detected by reverse transcription--polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in the infant's cerebrospinal fluid (CSF); yellow fever--specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies also were present in serum and CSF. The infant recovered completely, was discharg...

Yellow fever vaccine: Longitudinal myelitis: case report

Reactions — Wed, 27 Jan 2010 14:05:47 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

Transfusion-Related Transmission of Yellow Fever Vaccine Virus --- California, 2009

CDC Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report — Fri, 22 Jan 2010 13:40:32 +0100

(Source: CDC Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report)

Transfusion-related transmission of yellow Fever vaccine virus --- California, 2009.

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... — Fri, 22 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

This report summarizes the subsequent investigation by the hospital and CDC to identify lapses in donor deferral and to determine whether transfusion-related transmission of YF vaccine virus occurred. The investigation found that a recent change in the timing of trainee vaccination had occurred and that vaccinees had not reported recent YF vaccination status at time of donation. Despite a prompt recall, six units of blood products were transfused into five patients. No clinical evidence or laboratory abnormalities consistent with a serious adverse reaction were identified in four recipients within the first month after transfusion; the fifth patient, who had prostate cancer and end-stage, transfusion-dependent, B-cell lymphoma, died while in hospice care. Three of the four surviving patien...

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Transfusion-related transmission of yellow fever vaccine virus--California, 2009.

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... — Fri, 22 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Impact of yellow fever outbreaks on two howler monkey species (Alouatta guariba clamitans and A. caraya) in Misiones, Argentina

American Journal of Primatology — Thu, 21 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Two yellow fever outbreaks (YFOs) ocurred in northeastern Argentina between November 2007 and October 2008, seriously affecting populations of two howler monkey species: the brown howler Alouatta guariba clamitans and the black howler Alouatta caraya. Both howlers live syntopically in El Piñalito Provincial Park, Misiones, where four groups (36 individuals) were studied since January 2005. The first dead howlers were found on January 20, 2008, in El Piñalito. Systematic searches found 14 dead howlers within the area (12 from the study groups and two from neighboring groups), with only two young seen on January 25, 2008, and none found since up to December 2008. In October 2008, another YFO hit howler monkey populations from El Soberbio, Misiones. Overall, 59 howlers were found dead in Mi...

Xcellerex Initiates Phase I Clinical Trial Of Novel Yellow Fever Vaccine

Health News from Medical News Today — Thu, 14 Jan 2010 04:00:00 +0100

Xcellerex, Inc. today announced that it has initiated a Phase I clinical trial of XRX-001, a novel, prophylactic vaccine against yellow fever, a tropical virus disease that is often fatal. The company is developing the vaccine to prevent yellow fever in persons traveling to tropical countries where yellow fever is endemic. The only currently available yellow fever vaccine is an attenuated, live vaccine with rare but potentially serious adverse effects. XRX-001 is an inactivated virus vaccine adsorbed to alum adjuvant... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Xcellerex launches yellow-fever vaccine trial

bizjournals.com Health Care:Biotechnology headlines — Wed, 13 Jan 2010 18:59:34 +0100

Xcellerex Inc., a privately held provider of manufacturing systems for biotherapeutics and vaccines, has begun a phase 1 clinical trial for its yellow fever vaccine, XRX-001. (Source: bizjournals.com Health Care:Biotechnology headlines)

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Xcellerex Initiates Phase I Clinical Trial of Novel Yellow Fever Vaccine

Pharmaceutical Online News — Tue, 12 Jan 2010 18:41:00 +0100

Yellow fever vaccine: First report of Kawasaki's syndrome, in a child: case report

Reactions — Mon, 11 Jan 2010 14:23:59 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

Guinea: Vaccine Drive Set as Yellow Fever Strikes

AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine — Fri, 08 Jan 2010 21:35:51 +0100

Guinean health officials plan this month to vaccinate more than 250,000 people in the northeast against yellow fever after one confirmed and several suspected cases emerged in the region. (Source: AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine)

Navelbine 20mg, 30mg, 80mg capsules (vinorelbine) - Revised SPC

NeLM - Oncology — Mon, 04 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Source: eMC (electronic Medicines Compendium) Area: Other Library Updates > SPC Changes Revised SPC includes changes to: Section 4.3 (Contraindications) - Platelet count < 75000/mm3; patients with rare hereditary problems of fructose intolerance; in combination with yellow fever vaccine: see section 4.5 Section 4.4 (Special warnings and precautions for Use) - Caution must be exercised when combining Navelbine and strong inhibitors or inducers of CYP3A4 (see section 4.5), and its combination with phenytoin (like all cytotoxics) and with itraconazole (like all vinca alkaloids) is not recommended. Navelbine soft capsule is associated with a higher incidence of nausea/vomiting than the intravenous formulation. Primary prophylaxis with anti...

Yellow fever vaccination in HIV-infected patients

Future HIV Therapy — Tue, 22 Dec 2009 14:37:11 +0100

HIV Therapy , January 2010, Vol. 4, No. 1, Pages 17-26. (Source: Future HIV Therapy)

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Incidence of yellow Fever vaccine-associated neurotropic disease.

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene — Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Guimard T, Minjolle S, Polard E, Fily F, Zeller H, Michelet C, Tattevin P Although the yellow fever 17D strain live-attenuated vaccine has been widely used over the past seven decades with a long history of safe records, recent reports of serious, sometimes fatal, adverse events, raised concerns about its tolerance. We extracted all cases of serious neurologic adverse events that occurred within 30 days of yellow fever vaccination in our institution during 2000-2008. Four cases (meningitis, n = 2 and meningo-encephalitis, n = 2) were identified. The male:female ratio was 3:1, and ages ranged from 21 to 55 years. Cerebrospinal fluid examination showed pleocytosis (10-82 cells/mm(3), 64-84% lymphocytes), with slightly elevated protein levels (0.4-0.68 g/L). All symptoms resolved...

Yellow fever vaccine: Yellow fever vaccine-related viscerotropic disease: 5 case reports

Reactions — Mon, 30 Nov 2009 14:07:30 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

Liberia: Yellow Fever Vaccine Push Amid Shortages, Resurgence

AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine — Mon, 30 Nov 2009 11:16:40 +0100

The world's first multi-country yellow fever vaccination campaign began on 23 November, with 12 million people targeted across Benin, Liberia and Sierra Leone. The push comes as the killer mosquito-borne disease is resurging in some sub-Saharan African countries and vaccine stocks are running low. (Source: AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine)

Nigeria: Who's Costly Mistake

AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine — Fri, 27 Nov 2009 08:31:47 +0100

THE decision of the World Health Organisation (WHO) to exclude Nigeria from the ongoing mass vaccination campaign to protect people from the yellow fever disease in West Africa, is absurd and bound to be counter-productive. (Source: AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine)