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12285 records returned
Zuonin B Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation via Downregulation of the ERK1/2 and JNK Pathways in RAW264.7 Macrophages
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In conclusion, the anti-inflammatory effects of Zuonin B are attributable to the suppression of proinflammatory cytokines and mediators via blockage of NF-κB and AP-1 activation. Based on these findings, we propose that Zuonin B is potentially an effective functional chemical candidate for the prevention of inflammatory diseases.
Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology - February 2, 2012 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Early exposure of interferon‐γ inhibits signal transducer and activator of transcription‐6 signalling and nuclear factor κB activation in a short‐term monocyte‐derived dendritic cell culture promoting ‘FAST’ regulatory dendritic cellsEmail this article to a colleague.
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SummaryInterferon (IFN)‐γ is a cytokine with immunomodulatory properties, which has been shown previously to enhance the generation of tolerogenic dendritic cells (DC) when administered early ex vivo in 7‐day monocyte‐derived DC culture. To generate tolerogenic DC rapidly within 48 h, human monocytes were cultured for 24 h with interleukin (IL)‐4 and granulocyte–macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) in the presence (IFN‐γ‐DC) or absence of IFN‐γ (500 U/ml) (UT‐DC). DC were matured for 24 h with TNF‐α and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). DC phenotype, signal transducer and activator of tr...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Immunology - February 2, 2012 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: D. Rojas‐CanalesR. KrishnanC. F. JessupP. T. Coates Source Type: research
Driven polymer translocation through a cylindrical nanochannel: interplay between the channel length and the chain lengthEmail this article to a colleague.
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Soft Matter, 2012, Advance ArticleDOI: 10.1039/C2SM06942C, PaperHuaisong Yong, Yilin Wang, Shichen Yuan, Bi Xu, Kaifu LuoTranslocation time as a function of the channel length shows a minimum for different driving forces and channel widths.To cite this article before page numbers are assigned, use the DOI form of citation above.The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
Source: RSC - Soft Matter latest articles - January 31, 2012 Category: Chemistry Authors: Huaisong Yong Source Type: research
Calpastatin upregulation in Mycoplasma hyorhinis‐infected cells is promoted by the mycoplasma lipoproteins via the NF‐κB pathwayEmail this article to a colleague.
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SummaryMycoplasma hyorhinis frequently contaminates cultured cells, with effects on synthetic and metabolic pathways. We demonstrated for the first time that contamination of cells by a strain of M. hyorhinis (NDMh) results in increased levels of calpastatin (the endogenous inhibitor of the ubiquitous Ca2+‐dependent protease calpain). We now show that the calpastatin upregulation by NDMh in neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y cells resides in the NDMh lipoprotein fraction (LPP), via the NF‐κB transcription pathway. NF‐κB activation requires dissociation of the cytoplasmic NF‐κB/IκB complex followed by NF‐κB translocatio...
Source: Cellular Microbiology - January 31, 2012 Category: Microbiology Authors: Esther ElkindTali VaisidJonathan D. KornspanSivia BarnoyShlomo RottemNechama S. Kosower Source Type: research
Mitochondrial Akt-regulated mitochondrial apoptosis signaling in cardiac muscle cellsEmail this article to a colleague.
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This study was to determine whether activation of Akt in mitochondria could inhibit apoptosis of cardiac muscle cells. Insulin stimulation induced translocation of phosphorylated Akt to the mitochondria in primary cardiomyocytes. A mitochondria-targeted constitutively active Akt was overexpressed via adenoviral vector and inhibited efflux of cytochrome c and apoptosis-inducing factor from mitochondria to cytosol and partially prevented loss of mitochondria cross-membrane electrochemical gradient. Activation of caspase 3 was suppressed in the cardiomyocytes transduced with mitochondria-targeted active Akt, whereas a mitocho...
Source: AJP: Heart and Circulatory Physiology - January 31, 2012 Category: Cardiology Authors: Su, C.-C., Yang, J.-Y., Leu, H.-B., Chen, Y., Wang, P. H. Tags: SIGNALING AND STRESS RESPONSE Source Type: research
Casein kinase 2 inhibition attenuates androgen receptor function and cell proliferation in prostate cancer cellsEmail this article to a colleague.
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CONCLUSIONSCK2 subunits α and α′ are likely involved in AR signaling, and TBCA might be useful in the management of prostate cancers as a chemo‐preventive agent in the future. Prostate © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Source: The Prostate - January 30, 2012 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Kai YaoHyewon YounXiaoyan GaoBijun HuangFangjian ZhouBenyi LiHui Han Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Spreading convulsions, spreading depolarization and epileptogenesis in human cerebral cortexEmail this article to a colleague.
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Spreading depolarization of cells in cerebral grey matter is characterized by massive ion translocation, neuronal swelling and large changes in direct current-coupled voltage recording. The near-complete sustained depolarization above the inactivation threshold for action potential generating channels initiates spreading depression of brain activity. In contrast, epileptic seizures show modest ion translocation and sustained depolarization below the inactivation threshold for action potential generating channels. Such modest sustained depolarization allows synchronous, highly frequent neuronal firing; ictal epileptic field...
Source: Brain - January 28, 2012 Category: Neurology Authors: Dreier, J. P., Major, S., Pannek, H.-W., Woitzik, J., Scheel, M., Wiesenthal, D., Martus, P., Winkler, M. K. L., Hartings, J. A., Fabricius, M., Speckmann, E.-J., Gorji, A., for the COSBID study group Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Slowing down DNA Translocation
through a Nanopore
in Lithium ChlorideEmail this article to a colleague.
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Nano LettersDOI: 10.1021/nl204273h
Source: Nano Letters - January 27, 2012 Category: Nanotechnology Authors: Stefan W. Kowalczyk, David B. Wells, Aleksei Aksimentiev and Cees Dekker Source Type: research
Cellular Targets of Endocannabinoid Transport Inhibitors [Lipids]Email this article to a colleague.
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N-Acylethanolamines (NAEs) are bioactive lipids that engage diverse receptor systems. Recently, we identified fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) as intracellular NAE carriers. Here, we provide two new functions for FABPs in NAE signaling. We demonstrate that FABPs mediate the nuclear translocation of the NAE oleoylethanolamide, an agonist of nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα). Antagonism of FABP function through chemical inhibition, dominant-negative approaches, or shRNA-mediated knockdown reduced PPARα activation, confirming a requisite role for FABPs in this process. In addition, we show tha...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - January 27, 2012 Category: Chemistry Authors: Kaczocha, M., Vivieca, S., Sun, J., Glaser, S. T., Deutsch, D. G. Tags: Lipids Source Type: research
t(3;8) as the sole chromosomal abnormality in a myoepithelial carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma: A putative progression eventEmail this article to a colleague.
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ConclusionsCollectively, both the cytogenetic and the molecular studies suggest the concept that PA lacking alterations pursue a benign behavior, whereas those with the t(3;8) translocation may progress to carcinoma. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Source: Head and Neck - January 27, 2012 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Diana BellJeffrey N. MyersPulivarthi H. RaoAdel K. El‐Naggar Tags: Case Report Source Type: research
Building Excitable Membranes: Lipid Rafts and Multiple Controls on Trafficking of Electrogenic MoleculesEmail this article to a colleague.
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Multiple plasma membrane proteins such as ion transporters and ion channels are involved in electrogenesis by setting resting membrane potentials and triggering/propagating action potentials. Recent findings strongly suggest that some of these membrane proteins are selectively transported into membrane microdomains termed lipid rafts. There appear to be multiple mechanisms for the specific protein translocation to lipid rafts, and many of these proteins exhibit distinct properties when inserted into the raft microdomains. Here the authors review the plasma membrane ion channels specifically localized at membrane lipid raft...
Source: The Neuroscientist - January 27, 2012 Category: Neurology Authors: Pristera, A., Okuse, K. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
Transmigration of macrophages across the choroid plexus epithelium in response to the feline immunodeficiency virusEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract Although lentiviruses such as human, feline and simian immunodeficiency viruses (HIV, FIV, SIV) rapidly gain access to cerebrospinal
fluid (CSF), the mechanisms that control this entry are not well understood. One possibility is that the virus may be carried
into the brain by immune cells that traffic across the blood–CSF barrier in the choroid plexus. Since few studies have directly
examined macrophage trafficking across the blood–CSF barrier, we established transwell and explant cultures of feline choroid
plexus epithelium and measured trafficking in the presence or absence of FIV. Macrophages...
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - January 26, 2012 Category: Cytology Tags: Cell and Tissue Research Source Type: research
Lung cancer with translocation in the anaplastic lymphoma kinase geneEmail this article to a colleague.
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ALK‐positive nonsmall cell lung cancer represents a unique molecular subset with distinct clinical characteristics. With the availability of effective therapy, developing sensitive diagnostic methods has become an urgent priority. See pages 000‐000.
Source: Cancer - January 26, 2012 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Suresh S. RamalingamFadlo R. Khuri Tags: Editorial Source Type: research
Multiorgan Infiltration by CD8+ T Cells and 1p;16p Translocation in a Patient with Hypogammaglobulinemia and a Reduced Number of B CellsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2012;158:206–210 (DOI:10.1159/000331117)
Source: International Archives of Allergy and Immunology - January 25, 2012 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Hyaluronan synthase mediates dye translocation across liposomal membranesEmail this article to a colleague.
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Conclusions:
The results indicate the presence of an intraprotein pore in HAS and support a model in which HA is translocated to the exterior by HAS itself.
Source: BMC Biochemistry - January 25, 2012 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Andria MedinaJialing LinPaul Weigel Source Type: research
Epithelial Cell-Intrinsic Notch Signaling Plays an Essential Role in the Maintenance of Gut Immune Homeostasis.Email this article to a colleague.
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Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) have important functions as the first line of defense against diverse microorganisms on the luminal surface. Impaired integrity of IEC has been implicated in increasing the risk for inflammatory disorders in the gut. Notch signaling plays a critical role in the maintenance of epithelial integrity by regulating the balance of secretory and absorptive cell lineages, and also by facilitating epithelial cell proliferation. We show in this article that mice harboring IEC-specific deletion of Rbpj (RBP-J(ΔIEC)), a transcription factor that mediates signaling through Notch rece...
Source: Journal of Immunology - January 25, 2012 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Obata Y, Takahashi D, Ebisawa M, Kakiguchi K, Yonemura S, Jinnohara T, Kanaya T, Fujimura Y, Ohmae M, Hase K, Ohno H Tags: J Immunol Source Type: research
Recurrent genomic instability of chromosome 1q in neural derivatives of human embryonic stem cellsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Human pluripotent stem cells offer a limitless source of cells for regenerative medicine. Neural derivatives of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are currently being used for cell therapy in 3 clinical trials. However, hESCs are prone to genomic instability, which could limit their clinical utility. Here, we report that neural differentiation of hESCs systematically produced a neural stem cell population that could be propagated for more than 50 passages without entering senescence; this was true for all 6 hESC lines tested. The apparent spontaneous loss of evolution toward normal senescence of somatic cells was associate...
Source: Journal of Clinical Investigation - January 24, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Christine Varela, Jérôme Alexandre Denis, Jérôme Polentes, Maxime Feyeux, Sophie Aubert, Benoite Champon, Geneviève Piétu, Marc Peschanski, Nathalie Lefort Source Type: research
Inhibition of IGF‐IR increases chemosensitivity in human colorectal cancer cells through MRP‐2 promoter suppressionEmail this article to a colleague.
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AbstractThe emergence of Multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer cells has made many of the currently available chemotherapeutic agents ineffective. However, the mechanism involved in mediating this effect is not yet fully understood. Here, we found the overexpression of Type I insulin‐like growth factor receptor (IGF‐IR) in established colorectal MDR cells. Specific siRNA of IGF‐IR decreases cell proliferation, exert synergistic effect with anticancer drugs. The downstream signaling of IGF‐IR, PI3K/AKT pathway, was altered upon IGF‐IR silencing. The expression of multidrug‐resistance‐associated protein 2 (MRP...
Source: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry - January 24, 2012 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Ke ShenDaling CuiLiyun SunMingquan HanJianwen Liu Tags: Article Source Type: research
Nanostructured, Self-Assembling Peptide K5 Blocks TNF-α and PGE2 Production by Suppression of the AP-1/p38 PathwayEmail this article to a colleague.
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Nanostructured, self-assembling peptides hold promise for a variety of regenerative medical applications such as 3D cell culture systems, accelerated wound healing, and nerve repair. The aim of this study was to determine whether the self-assembling peptide K5 can be applied as a carrier of anti-inflammatory drugs. First, we examined whether the K5 self-assembling peptide itself can modulate various cellular inflammatory responses. We found that peptide K5 significantly suppressed the release of tumor-necrosis-factor- (TNF-) α and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) from RAW264.7 cells and peritoneal macrophages stimulated by li...
Source: Journal of Cancer Epidemiology - January 24, 2012 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research
Ewing Sarcoma/Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor of the Kidney: Two Unusual Presentations of a Rare TumorEmail this article to a colleague.
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We present here two cases of renal ES/PNET with an uncanny presentation. The first case was discovered after the patient presented clinically with irradiating flank pain, mimicking the pain related with kidney stones. The second case had clinical presentation of pulmonary thromboembolism after the patient was involved in an automobilist accident. The tumors were mainly composed of small blue cells which by immunohistochemical were positive for neural markers, and FISH revealed the translocation 22q12 for the EWSR1 gene. The diagnosis of renal primitive neuroectodermal tumor/EWING tumor is very rare and usually involves sev...
Source: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy - January 24, 2012 Category: Surgery Source Type: research
P53-dependent antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of trichostatin A (TSA) in glioblastoma cellsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract Glioblastomas are known to be highly chemoresistant, but HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) have been shown to be of therapeutic relevance
for this aggressive tumor type. We treated U87 glioblastoma cells with trichostatin A (TSA) to define potential epigenetic
targets for HDACi-mediated antitumor effects. Using a cDNA array analysis covering 96 cell cycle genes, cyclin-dependent kinase
inhibitor p21WAF1 was identified as the major player in TSA-induced cell cycle arrest. TSA slightly inhibited proliferation and viability of
U87 cells, cumulating in a G1/S cell cycle arrest. This effect was accompanied by a si...
Source: Journal of Neuro-Oncology - January 24, 2012 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Journal of Neuro-Oncology Source Type: research
Suppression of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibits Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition in Human Pancreatic Cancer PANC-1 CellsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Conclusion Suppression of EGFR expression can significantly inhibit EMT of pancreatic cancer PANC-1 cells. The mechanism may be related
with the down-regulation of the expression of transcription factors snail and slug.
Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-9DOI 10.1007/s10620-012-2036-4Authors
Zhi-Gang Chang, Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, 8th Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034 People’s Republic of ChinaJun-Min Wei, Department of General Surgery, Beijing Hospital, Ministry of Health, 1st Dahua Rd. Dongdan, Beijing, 100730 Peop...
Source: Digestive Diseases and Sciences - January 24, 2012 Category: Gastroenterology Tags: Digestive Diseases and Sciences Source Type: research
Posttranslational modifications control FoxO3 activity during denervationEmail this article to a colleague.
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In conclusion, we provide evidence that FoxO3 activity is negatively modulated by acetylation and ubiquitination in a time-dependent and coordinated manner. This fine-tuning mechanism of FoxO3 regulation may be important to prevent excessive muscle loss and can be used as a therapeutic approach to counteract muscle wasting.
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - January 24, 2012 Category: Cytology Authors: Bertaggia, E., Coletto, L., Sandri, M. Tags: MUSCLE CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL MOTILITY Source Type: research
Ligand-induced internalization of the type 1 cholecystokinin receptor independent of recognized signaling activityEmail this article to a colleague.
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Receptor ligands, identified as antagonists, based on the absence of stimulation of signaling, can rarely stimulate receptor internalization. d-Tyr-Gly-[(Nle28,31,d-Trp30)CCK-26–32]-2-phenylethyl ester (d-Trp-OPE) is such a ligand that binds to the cholecystokinin (CCK) receptor and stimulates internalization. Here, the molecular basis of this trafficking event is explored, with the assumption that ligand binding initiates conformational change, exposing an epitope to direct endocytosis. Ligand-stimulated internalization was studied morphologically using fluorescent CCK and d-Trp-OPE. d-Trp-OPE occupation of Chinese ...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - January 24, 2012 Category: Cytology Authors: Cawston, E. E., Harikumar, K. G., Miller, L. J. Tags: RECEPTORS AND SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION Source Type: research
The plasma 5'-AMP acts as a potential upstream regulator of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetic miceEmail this article to a colleague.
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Increased plasma free fatty acid (FFA) level is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes. However, the underlying molecular basis for FFA-caused hyperglycemia remains unclear. Here we identified plasma 5'-adenosine monophosphate (pAMP) markedly elevated in the plasma of type 2 diabetic mice. High levels of FFAs induced damage in vein endothelial cells and contributed to an increase in pAMP. Administration of synthetic 5'-AMP caused hyperglycemia and impaired insulin action in lean wild-type mice. 5'-AMP elevated blood glucose in mice deficient in adenosine receptors with equal efficiency as wild-type mice. The function of pAMP was in...
Source: AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism - January 24, 2012 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Zhang, Y., Wang, Z., Zhao, Y., Zhao, M., Wang, S., Hua, Z., Zhang, J. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
PKC{delta}-dependent activation of ERK1/2 leads to upregulation of the human NHE2 transcriptional activity in intestinal epithelial cell line C2BBe1Email this article to a colleague.
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In conclusion, our data provide the first evidence that the stimulatory effect of PMA on NHE2 expression is mediated through the initial activation of PKC, subsequent PKC-dependent activation of MEK-ERK1/2 signaling pathway, and stimulation of Egr-1 expression. Furthermore, we show that transcription factor Egr-1 acts as an intermediate effector molecule that links the upstream signaling cues to the long-term stimulation of NHE2 expression by PMA in C2BBe1 cells.
Source: AJP: Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology - January 24, 2012 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Muthusamy, S., Shukla, S., Amin, M. R., Cheng, M., Orenuga, T., Dudeja, P. K., Malakooti, J. Tags: MUCOSAL BIOLOGY Source Type: research
Interleukin-18 facilitates neutrophil transmigration via myosin light chain kinase-dependent disruption of occludin, without altering epithelial permeabilityEmail this article to a colleague.
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In conclusion, our data suggest that IL-18 may potentiate inflammation in the context of IBD by facilitating neutrophil transepithelial migration via MLCK-dependent disruption of tight junctional occludin.
Source: AJP: Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology - January 24, 2012 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Lapointe, T. K., Buret, A. G. Tags: INFLAMMATION/IMMUNITY/MEDIATORS Source Type: research
Strandwise translocation of a DNA glycosylase on undamaged DNA [Biochemistry]Email this article to a colleague.
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Base excision repair of genotoxic nucleobase lesions in the genome is critically dependent upon the ability of DNA glycosylases to locate rare sites of damage embedded in a vast excess of undamaged DNA, using only thermal energy to fuel the search process. Considerable interest surrounds the question of how DNA glycosylases translocate efficiently along DNA while maintaining their vigilance for target damaged sites. Here, we report the observation of strandwise translocation of 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase, MutM, along undamaged DNA. In these complexes, the protein is observed to translocate by one nucleotide on one strand...
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - January 24, 2012 Category: Science Authors: Qi, Y., Nam, K., Spong, M. C., Banerjee, A., Sung, R.-J., Zhang, M., Karplus, M., Verdine, G. L. Tags: Biological Sciences Source Type: research
Role of PINK1 Binding to the TOM Complex and Alternate Intracellular Membranes in Recruitment and Activation of the E3 Ligase Parkin.Email this article to a colleague.
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Abstract
Mutations in the mitochondrial kinase PINK1 and the cytosolic E3 ligase Parkin can cause Parkinson's disease. Damaged mitochondria accumulate PINK1 on the outer membrane where, dependent on kinase activity, it recruits and activates Parkin to induce mitophagy, potentially maintaining organelle fidelity. How PINK1 recruits Parkin is unknown. We show that endogenous PINK1 forms a 700 kDa complex with the translocase of the outer membrane (TOM) selectively on depolarized mitochondria whereas PINK1 ectopically targeted to the outer membrane retains association with TOM on polarized mitochondria. Inducibly tar...
Source: Developmental Cell - January 24, 2012 Category: Cytology Authors: Lazarou M, Jin SM, Kane LA, Youle RJ Tags: Dev Cell Source Type: research
AMP‐18 facilitates assembly and stabilization of tight junctions to protect the colonic mucosal barrierEmail this article to a colleague.
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Conclusions:AMP‐18 facilitates translocation and assembly of multiple proteins into TJs and their association with and subsequent stabilization of the actin filament network. We speculate that improved barrier function induced by AMP‐18 is mediated by enhanced TJ assembly. Thus, AMP‐18 may provide a promising lead to develop agents effective in healing injured colonic epithelium in IBD. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2012;)
Source: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases - January 23, 2012 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Peili ChenSreedharan KarthaMarc BissonnetteJohn HartF. Gary Toback Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Septicaemia Due to Enteric Organisms is a Later Event in Surgical Infants Requiring Parenteral NutritionEmail this article to a colleague.
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Eur J Pediatr SurgDOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1287853The purpose of this study was to determine whether, in surgical infants requiring parenteral nutrition (PN), septicaemia due to enterococci or Gram-negative bacilli occurs later than septicaemia due to coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS).We retrospectively studied 112 consecutive surgical infants (corrected gestational age up to 3 months) receiving PN for at least 5 days for congenital or acquired intestinal anomalies over a 2-year period (July 2007–June 2009). Data collected included diagnosis, duration of PN, episodes of septicaemia (defined as growth of bacteria from blo...
Source: European Journal of Pediatric Surgery - January 23, 2012 Category: Surgery Authors: Bishay, M.Retrosi, G.Horn, V.Cloutman-Green, E.Harris, K.de Coppi, P.Klein, N.Eaton, S.Pierro, A. Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Morphological and functional aspects of STIM1-dependent assembly and disassembly of store-operated calcium entry complexes.Email this article to a colleague.
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Abstract
The SOCE (store-operated Ca2+ entry) pathway is a central component of cell signalling that links the Ca2+-filling state of the ER (endoplasmic reticulum) to the activation of Ca2+-permeable channels at the PM (plasma membrane). SOCE channels maintain a high free Ca2+ concentration within the ER lumen required for the proper processing and folding of proteins, and fuel the long-term cellular Ca2+ signals that drive gene expression in immune cells. SOCE is initiated by the oligomerization on the membrane of the ER of STIMs (stromal interaction molecules) whose luminal EF-hand domain switches from globular t...
Source: Biochemical Society Transactions - January 22, 2012 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Shen WW, Demaurex N Tags: Biochem Soc Trans Source Type: research
Growth and metabolic control of lipid signalling at the Golgi.Email this article to a colleague.
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Abstract
PtdIns4P is a key regulator of the secretory pathway and plays an essential role in trafficking from the Golgi. Our recent work demonstrated that spatial control of PtdIns4P at the ER (endoplasmic reticulum) and Golgi co-ordinates secretion with cell growth. The central elements of this regulation are specific phosphoinositide 4-kinases and the phosphoinositide phosphatase Sac1. Growth-dependent translocation of Sac1 between the ER and Golgi modulates the levels of PtdIns4P and anterograde traffic at the Golgi. In yeast, this mechanism is largely dependent on the availability of glucose, but our recent res...
Source: Biochemical Society Transactions - January 22, 2012 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Piao H, Mayinger P Tags: Biochem Soc Trans Source Type: research
ERK phosphorylation and nuclear accumulation: insights from single-cell imaging.Email this article to a colleague.
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Abstract
Many stimuli mediate activation and nuclear translocation of ERK (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase) by phosphorylation on the TEY (Thr-Glu-Tyr) motif. This is necessary to initiate transcriptional programmes controlling cellular responses, but the mechanisms that govern ERK nuclear targeting are unclear. Single-cell imaging approaches have done much to increase our understanding of input-output relationships in the ERK cascade, but few studies have addressed how the range of ERK phosphorylation responses observed in cell populations influences subcellular localization. Using automated microscopy to ex...
Source: Biochemical Society Transactions - January 22, 2012 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Caunt CJ, McArdle CA Tags: Biochem Soc Trans Source Type: research
Protein kinase D in the hypertrophy pathway.Email this article to a colleague.
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Abstract
Chronic neurohormonal stimulation can have direct adverse effects on the structure and function of the heart. Heart failure develops and progresses as a result of the deleterious changes. It is well established that phosphorylation of class II HDAC5 (histone deacetylase 5) is an important event in the transcriptional regulation of cardiac gene reprogramming that results in the hypertrophic growth response. To date, experimentation on phosphorylation-mediated translocation of HDAC5 has focused on the regulatory properties of PKD (protein kinase D) within intact cells. With regard to the potential role of PK...
Source: Biochemical Society Transactions - January 22, 2012 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Sin YY, Baillie GS Tags: Biochem Soc Trans Source Type: research
ETV6-PDGFRB and FIP1L1-PDGFRA stimulate human hematopoietic progenitor proliferation and differentiation into eosinophils: role of NF-κB.Email this article to a colleague.
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Conclusions. We show that human CD34+ cells expressing PDGF receptor fusion oncogenes proliferate autonomously and differentiate towards the eosinophil lineage in a process that requires NF-κB. These results suggest new treatment possibilities for imatinib-resistant myeloid neoplasms associated with PDGF receptor mutations.
PMID: 22271894 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Haematologica - January 22, 2012 Category: Hematology Authors: Montano-Almendras CP, Essaghir A, Schoemans H, Varis I, Noel LA, Velghe AI, Latinne D, Knoops L, Demoulin JB Tags: Haematologica Source Type: research
Biotechnology: Watching DNA Charge AheadEmail this article to a colleague.
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A prospective alternative approach to direct DNA sequencing is to monitor changes in ion current as a DNA strand translocates through a nanopore. However, the speed of the translocation process—about … [Read more]
Source: Editors' Choice - January 21, 2012 Category: Science Authors: Stewart Wills (mailto:swills at aaas.org) Source Type: research
Epidemiology: clues to the pathogenesis of Burkitt lymphomaEmail this article to a colleague.
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SummaryThe two major epidemiological clues to the pathogenesis of Burkitt lymphoma (BL) are the geographical association with malaria – BL incidence relates to the malaria transmission rate – and early infection by Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). Both agents cause B cell hyperplasia, which is almost certainly an essential component of lymphomagenesis in BL. The critical event in lymphomagenesis is the creation of a MYC translocation, bringing the MYC gene into juxtaposition with immunoglobulin genes and causing its ectopic expression, thereby driving the proliferation of BL cells. It is highly likely that such translocatio...
Source: British Journal of Haematology - January 20, 2012 Category: Hematology Authors: Ian Magrath Tags: review Source Type: research
Myeloid translocation gene 16 is required for maintenance of haematopoietic stem cell quiescenceEmail this article to a colleague.
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tt W Hiebert
Source: The EMBO Journal AOP - January 20, 2012 Category: Research Authors: Melissa A FischerIsabel Moreno-MirallesAubrey HuntBrenda J ChylaScott W Hiebert Tags: CBFA2T3 haematopoietic stem cells myeloid leukaemia transcription Article Source Type: research
Cytogenetic and comorbidity profile of Down syndrome in Mansoura University Children's Hospital, EgyptEmail this article to a colleague.
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Conclusion: Knowing karyotype of DS will help in genetic counseling of the parents. Wide-scale national community-based survey with DS registry could help in estimating the size of the problem.
Source: Indian Journal of Human Genetics - January 20, 2012 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Abdel-Hady El-GilanySohier YahiaMohamed ShokerFaeza El-Dahtory Source Type: research
Acute promyelocytic leukemia with unusual karyotypeEmail this article to a colleague.
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We report a two-year-old patient with AML-M3 without the usual translocation t(15;17). Cytogenetic studies demonstrated normal appearance of chromosome 15 while the abnormal 17 homologue was apparently a derivative 17, der(17)(17qter-cen-q21:), the rearrangement distinctly shows deletion at 17q21 band and the morphology corresponding to an iso chromosome i(17q-). This case report is a rare cytogenetic presentation of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APML).
Source: Indian Journal of Human Genetics - January 20, 2012 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Mangala GowriSK Kousar JahanKavithaPrasannakumariMadhumathiL Appaji Source Type: research
2-Amino-3-Methylimidazo[4,5-f]Quinoline (IQ) Promotes Mouse Hepatocarcinogenesis by Activating Transforming Growth Factor-{beta} and Wnt/{beta}-Catenin Signaling PathwaysEmail this article to a colleague.
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The purposes of the present study were to investigate the modifying effects of 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ), a genotoxic carcinogen produced during cooking of protein-rich foods, and elucidate underlying mechanisms in a two-stage hepatocarcinogenesis mice model. Six-week-old B6C3F1 mice were subjected to two-thirds partial hepatectomy at the beginning of the study, followed by an intraperitoneal injection of diethylnitrosamine on day 1. Starting 1 week later, they were fed diets containing IQ at doses of 30, 100, or 300 ppm for 39 weeks. A dose-dependent trend for increase in eosinophilic altered foci as we...
Source: Toxicological Sciences - January 20, 2012 Category: Toxicology Authors: Xie, X.-L., Wei, M., Kakehashi, A., Yamano, S., Tajiri, M., Wanibuchi, H. Tags: CARCINOGENICITY Source Type: research
The Role of MAPK and Nrf2 Pathways in Ketanserin-Elicited Attenuation of Cigarette Smoke-Induced IL-8 Production in Human Bronchial Epithelial CellsEmail this article to a colleague.
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In this study, we investigated the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties of ketanserin and its underlying mechanism of action on cigarette smoke–induced interleukin (IL)-8 release in vitro. Primary normal human bronchial epithelial cells and human bronchial epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B) were treated with or without ketanserin prior to exposure to cigarette smoke medium (CSM). Exposure to CSM caused elevation of both mRNA and release of IL-8 with increased phosphorylation of p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2). Consistently, CSM-induced IL-8 release was blocked by SB203580, U0126,...
Source: Toxicological Sciences - January 20, 2012 Category: Toxicology Authors: Lau, W. K. W., Chan, S. C. H., Law, A. C. K., Ip, M. S. M., Mak, J. C. W. Tags: RESPIRATORY TOXICOLOGY Source Type: research
Reconstitution of Two-partner Secretion [Membrane Biology]Email this article to a colleague.
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The mechanisms of protein secretion by pathogenic bacteria remain poorly understood. In Gram-negative bacteria, the two-partner secretion pathway exports large, mostly virulence-related “TpsA” proteins across the outer membrane via their dedicated “TpsB” transporters. TpsB transporters belong to the ubiquitous Omp85 superfamily, whose members are involved in protein translocation across, or integration into, cellular membranes. The filamentous hemagglutinin/FhaC pair of Bordetella pertussis is a model two-partner secretion system. We have reconstituted the TpsB transporter FhaC into proteoliposomes and demonstrate ...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - January 20, 2012 Category: Chemistry Authors: Fan, E., Fiedler, S., Jacob–Dubuisson, F., Muller, M. Tags: Membrane Biology Source Type: research
Multiple Activation Mechanisms of GbpC [Cell Biology]Email this article to a colleague.
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In this study, we report on the cellular localization of GbpC. In resting cells, the protein is present in the cytoplasm, but GbpC rapidly translocates to the cell boundary upon stimulation with the chemoattractant cAMP. Also, during the formation of cell-cell streams and osmotic shock, the protein localizes toward the plasma membrane and actin cytoskeleton. The translocation upon cAMP stimulation occurs downstream of heterotrimeric G proteins but is independent of guanylyl cyclases and the previously identified cGMP-induced intramolecular signaling cascade in GbpC. Mutations in the GRAM domain of GbpC lead to disturbed me...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - January 20, 2012 Category: Chemistry Authors: Kortholt, A., van Egmond, W. N., Plak, K., Bosgraaf, L., Keizer-Gunnink, I., van Haastert, P. J. M. Tags: Signal Transduction Source Type: research
Autoregulation of IGF-IR Gene Expression [Molecular Bases of Disease]Email this article to a colleague.
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We describe here a novel mechanism of autoregulation of IGF-IR gene expression by cellular IGF-IR, which is seemingly dependent on ER status. Regulation of the IGF-IR gene by IGF-IR protein is mediated at the level of transcription, as demonstrated by 1) binding assays (DNA affinity chromatography and ChIP) showing specific IGF-IR binding to IGF-IR promoter DNA and 2) transient transfection assays showing transactivation of the IGF-IR promoter by exogenous IGF-IR. The IR is also capable of translocating to the nucleus and binding the IGF-IR promoter in ER-depleted, but not in ER-positive, cells. However, transcription fact...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - January 20, 2012 Category: Chemistry Authors: Sarfstein, R., Pasmanik-Chor, M., Yeheskel, A., Edry, L., Shomron, N., Warman, N., Wertheimer, E., Maor, S., Shochat, L., Werner, H. Tags: Signal Transduction Source Type: research
Evaluation of olive oil mill wastewater toxicity on spinach.Email this article to a colleague.
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CONCLUSIONS: From the data obtained, it is suggested that 1:20 OMW dilutions are still phytotoxic and that higher OMW dilutions should be used in order to use this waste for the irrigation of spinach plants.
PMID: 22261845 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Environmental Science and Pollution Research International - January 20, 2012 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Asfi M, Ouzounidou G, Moustakas M Tags: Environ Sci Pollut Res Int Source Type: research
Monoubiquitination of nuclear RelA negatively regulates NF-κB activity independent of proteasomal degradation.Email this article to a colleague.
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Abstract
Termination and resolution of inflammation are tightly linked to the inactivation of one of its strongest inducers, NF-κB. While canonical post-stimulus inactivation is achieved by upregulation of inhibitory molecules that relocate NF-κB complexes to the cytoplasm, termination of the NF-κB response can also be accomplished directly in the nucleus by posttranslational modifications, e.g., ubiquitination of the RelA subunit. Here we reveal a functional role for RelA monoubiquitination in regulating NF-κB activity. By employing serine-to-alanine mutants, we found that hypo-phosphorylated nuclear RelA is m...
Source: Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences : CMLS - January 20, 2012 Category: Cytology Authors: Hochrainer K, Racchumi G, Zhang S, Iadecola C, Anrather J Tags: Cell Mol Life Sci Source Type: research
Correction to Translocation
of Single-Wall Carbon
Nanotubes Through Solid-State NanoporesEmail this article to a colleague.
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Nano LettersDOI: 10.1021/nl300143f
Source: Nano Letters - January 19, 2012 Category: Nanotechnology Authors: Adam R. Hall, Johannes M. Keegstra, Matthew C. Duch, Mark C. Hersam and Cees Dekker Source Type: research
Selective inhibition of NF‐κB suppresses bone invasion by oral squamous cell carcinoma in vivoEmail this article to a colleague.
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AbstractNuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) is constitutively activated in many cancers, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and is involved in the invasive characteristics of OSCC, such as growth, anti‐apoptotic activity and protease production. However, the cellular mechanism underlying NF‐κB's promotion of bone invasion by OSCC is unclear. Therefore, we investigated the role of NF‐κB in bone invasion by OSCC in vivo. Immnunohistochemical staining of OSCC invading bone in 10 patients indicated that the expression and nuclear translocation of p65, a main subunit of NF‐κB, was increased in OSCC compared w...
Source: International Journal of Cancer - January 19, 2012 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Hiroyuki FurutaKenji OsawaMasashi ShinAyataka IshikawaKou MatsuoMasud KhanKazuhiro AokiKeiichi OhyaMasato OkamotoKazuhiro TominagaTetsu TakahashiOsamu NakanishiEijiro Jimi Tags: Cancer Cell Biology Source Type: research
