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Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure, Risk, and Protection in Military and Outdoor Athletes.
Abstract Overexposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) from the sun is associated with deleterious health effects including, but not limited to, increased risk of skin cancers. Military personnel and those who participate in outdoor exercise or sports represent two potential populations at elevated risk of negative health consequences of UVR exposure due to large amounts of time spent outdoors, often in harsh UVR environments. Despite exposure to high and/or frequent doses of UVR in recreational and tactical athletes, adequate sun-protection practices are often disregarded or not well understood by many within these...
Source: Current Sports Medicine Reports - March 31, 2020 Category: Sports Medicine Authors: Wolf ST, Kenney LE, Kenney WL Tags: Curr Sports Med Rep Source Type: research

Understanding paraneoplastic syndromes in athletes.
Abstract The understanding of paraneoplastic syndromes has improved over the last several years. These disorders are brought about by tumor secretion of substances that can alter hormonal function and create immune cross-reactivity with normal tissues. This, in turn, can alter normal metabolic pathways resulting in paraneoplastic syndromes. The athlete must maintain an awareness of their body because these syndromes affect diverse organ systems. Commonly associated malignancies include small cell lung cancer, breast cancer, gynecologic tumors, and gastroenterological malignancies. These cancers most notably affect...
Source: Current Sports Medicine Reports - January 1, 2013 Category: Sports Medicine Authors: Cabry R, Ballyamanda S, Kraft M, Hong E Tags: Curr Sports Med Rep Source Type: research

Attention to principles of exercise training: a review of exercise studies for survivors of cancers other than breast.
CONCLUSIONS: Application of the principles of training in exercise RCTs of non-breast cancer survivors was incomplete and inconsistent. Given these observations, interpretation of findings from the reviewed studies should consider potential shortcomings in intervention design. Though the prescribed exercise programme was often described, adherence to the entire prescription was rarely reported providing a less accurate picture of dose-response and challenges in translating programmes to community settings. PMID: 23293010 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: British Journal of Sports Medicine - January 4, 2013 Category: Sports Medicine Authors: Winters-Stone KM, Neil SE, Campbell KL Tags: Br J Sports Med Source Type: research

The effect of physical activity on the mental and physical health of childhood cancer survivors.
CONCLUSIONS: Exercise training improves aerobic fitness in childhood cancer survivors, yet the small sample size did not allow identification of additional expected benefits. Nevertheless, changes in fitness over 6 months were significantly correlated with measures of body composition, bone health and quality of life. Childhood cancer survivors should be continuously encouraged to exercise, in order to both improve their immediate well-being, and to decrease their risks for potential late effects of pediatric cancer. The study was funded by the Israel Cancer Association. PMID: 23757651 [PubMed - in process]
Source: British Journal of Sports Medicine - June 14, 2013 Category: Sports Medicine Authors: Azar M, Reuveny R, Yalon M, Koren A, Constantini N Tags: Br J Sports Med Source Type: research

Sedentary behaviour and health: mapping environmental and social contexts to underpin chronic disease prevention.
Abstract The time that children and adults spend sedentary-put simply, doing too much sitting as distinct from doing too little physical activity-has recently been proposed as a population-wide, ubiquitous influence on health outcomes. It has been argued that sedentary time is likely to be additional to the risks associated with insufficient moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. New evidence identifies relationships of too much sitting with overweight and obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, some cancers and other adverse health outcomes. There is a need for a broader base of evidence on the likely ...
Source: British Journal of Sports Medicine - January 17, 2014 Category: Sports Medicine Authors: Owen N, Salmon J, Koohsari MJ, Turrell G, Giles-Corti B Tags: Br J Sports Med Source Type: research

Exercise-associated DNA methylation change in skeletal muscle and the importance of imprinted genes: a bioinformatics meta-analysis.
CONCLUSIONS: Imprinted genes were identified in skeletal muscle gene networks and exercise-associated DNA methylation change. Exercise-associated DNA methylation modification could rewind the 'epigenetic clock' as we age. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42014009800. PMID: 25824446 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: British Journal of Sports Medicine - March 30, 2015 Category: Sports Medicine Authors: Brown WM Tags: Br J Sports Med Source Type: research

The impact of physical activity on health-related fitness and quality of life for patients with head and neck cancer: a systematic review.
CONCLUSIONS: There is early evidence that supports the benefit of physical activity interventions for patients with head and neck cancer, both during and following treatment. Future research is necessary to determine the benefits of different physical activity interventions, and their impact on patients with different head and neck cancers. PMID: 25966911 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: British Journal of Sports Medicine - May 12, 2015 Category: Sports Medicine Authors: Capozzi LC, Nishimura KC, McNeely ML, Lau H, Culos-Reed SN Tags: Br J Sports Med Source Type: research

The effect of Tai Chi on four chronic conditions-cancer, osteoarthritis, heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analyses.
CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrated a favourable effect or tendency of Tai Chi to improve physical performance and showed that this type of exercise could be performed by individuals with different chronic conditions, including COPD, HF and OA. PMID: 26383108 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: British Journal of Sports Medicine - September 17, 2015 Category: Sports Medicine Authors: Chen YW, Hunt MA, Campbell KL, Peill K, Reid WD Tags: Br J Sports Med Source Type: research

Vitamin D and Athletic Performance: The Potential Role of Muscle
: Vitamin D deficiency is a worldwide epidemic, with well known impacts on calcium metabolism and bone health, but increasingly recognized associations with chronic health problems such as bowel and colonic cancer, arthritis, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. In recent years in the Sports Medicine literature, there has been an increased focus on the potential impact that inadequate Vitamin D levels may have on athletic performance.,: In the early 20th Century, athletes and coaches felt that ultraviolet rays had a positive impact on athletic performance, and while remaining limited, evidence is accumulating to support th...
Source: Asian Journal of Sports Medicine - November 30, 2011 Category: Sports Medicine Source Type: research

Cardiorespiratory fitness and death from cancer: a 42-year follow-up from the Copenhagen Male Study.
CONCLUSIONS: CRF is highly significantly inversely associated with death from cancer and all-cause mortality. The associations are robust for exclusion of subjects dying within 20 years of study inclusion, thereby suggesting a minimal influence of reverse causation. PMID: 27888214 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: British Journal of Sports Medicine - November 24, 2016 Category: Sports Medicine Authors: Jensen MT, Holtermann A, Bay H, Gyntelberg F Tags: Br J Sports Med Source Type: research

Resistance training interventions across the cancer control continuum: a systematic review of the implementation of resistance training principles.
CONCLUSIONS: Reporting of RT principles in an oncology setting varies greatly, with often vague or non-existent references to the principles of training and how the RT prescription was designed. PMID: 27986761 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: British Journal of Sports Medicine - December 15, 2016 Category: Sports Medicine Authors: Fairman CM, Hyde PN, Focht BC Tags: Br J Sports Med Source Type: research

Exercise-induced biochemical changes and their potential influence on cancer: a scientific review.
Abstract AIM: To review and discuss the available international literature regarding the indirect and direct biochemical mechanisms that occur after exercise, which could positively, or negatively, influence oncogenic pathways. METHODS: The PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane libraries were searched for papers up to July 2016 addressing biochemical changes after exercise with a particular reference to cancer. The three authors independently assessed their appropriateness for inclusion in this review based on their scientific quality and relevance. RESULTS: 168 papers were selected and categorised into i...
Source: British Journal of Sports Medicine - December 18, 2016 Category: Sports Medicine Authors: Thomas RJ, Kenfield SA, Jimenez A Tags: Br J Sports Med Source Type: research

Physical activity in the prevention and management of bladder cancer.
CONCLUSIONS: Better categorization of lifetime activity and fuller allowance for co- variates seems needed to establish conclusively that greater habitual physical activity will reduce the risk of bladder cancer. Nevertheless, an active lifestyle should be encouraged pending definitive information, because of positive trends and the more general health advantages of regular exercise. PMID: 28116879 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness - January 26, 2017 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: J Sports Med Phys Fitness Source Type: research

Exercise training may improve the tumour microenvironment after breast cancer (PEDro synthesis).
PMID: 28249854 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: British Journal of Sports Medicine - February 28, 2017 Category: Sports Medicine Authors: Paramanandam VS, Prema VS Tags: Br J Sports Med Source Type: research

Exercise and other non-pharmaceutical interventions for cancer-related fatigue in patients during or after cancer treatment: a systematic review incorporating an indirect-comparisons meta-analysis.
CONCLUSIONS: Patients can choose among different effective types of exercise and non-pharmaceutical interventions to reduce CRF. PMID: 28501804 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: British Journal of Sports Medicine - May 13, 2017 Category: Sports Medicine Authors: Hilfiker R, Meichtry A, Eicher M, Nilsson BL, Knols RH, Verra ML, Taeymans J Tags: Br J Sports Med Source Type: research