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Rare-43. search for druggable targets in primary nervous system melanotic tumors: melanocytomas, melanotic schwannomas, primary melanomas
Due to the extreme rarity of primary nervous system melanotic tumors, relatively limited studies have been conducted attempting to identify distinguishing mutations and/or druggable targets. Melanocytomas share GNAQ mutations with uveal melanoma (Brain Pathol. 25:202-8, 2015; Acta Neuropathol 119:317-323, 2010); clinical trials in uveal melanomas have shown that MEK inhibition may result in clinical benefit in tumors with these mutations. BRAF V600E mutations (paralleled by BRAF VE1 immunohistochemistry) are targetable by vemurafenib, but large numbers of primary nervous system melanomas have not been assessed. Adding to t...
Source: Neuro-Oncology - November 6, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Lillehei, K., Davies, K., Aisner, D., Kleinschmidt-DeMasters, B. K. Tags: RARE TUMORS Source Type: research

Neuro-Ophthalmic Complications in Patients Treated With CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 Checkpoint Blockade
Conclusion: This study describes the variable neuro-ophthalmic adverse events associated with use of immune checkpoint inhibitors and contributes a more thorough understanding of their clinical presentations and treatment outcomes. We expect this will increase awareness of these drug complications and guide specialists in the care of these patients.
Source: Journal of Neuro-Ophthalmology - November 22, 2021 Category: Opthalmology Tags: Original Contribution Source Type: research

Ni-25 * physiologic imaging in patients with brain metastases; heterogeneity based upon primary tumor subtype
CONCLUSIONS: There was no significant difference in tumor volume based upon tumor type, although there was a trend toward larger tumors at diagnosis for colon and ovarian primaries. There was no significant difference in ADC between tumor type; a significant elevation in rCBV was seen for renal cell and ovarian primary tumors (2.51 and 2.46) when compared with breast, colon, melanoma and lung primary tumors (1.18, 1.24, 1.38, 1.27, respectively). When considering questions of diagnostic specificity, it is important to recognize the relatively low rCBV in many active brain metastases, particularly as compared with primary brain tumors.
Source: Neuro-Oncology - November 3, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Fouke, S., LaMontagne, P., Fontana, E., Marcus, D., Benzinger, T., Rich, K., Abraham, C., Milchenko, M., Robinson, C. Tags: NEURO-IMAGING (CLINICAL AND/OR LABORATORY RESEARCH) Source Type: research

Delayed onset of neurosarcoidosis after concurrent ipilimumab/nivolumab therapy
ConclusionsImmune-related adverse effects often occur within 3 –6 months of receiving immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, with some reports of late toxicity. This report highlights a case of probable neurosarcoidosis nearly a year after discontinuation of immune checkpoint therapy. The potential for durable responses after discontinuation of therapy also li kely underscores a potential for late toxicity. In patients presenting with new or unexplained symptoms after checkpoint inhibitor therapy, the index of suspicion for an immune-related adverse effect should remain high, irrespective of timing.
Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer - July 31, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

LncRNA SAMMSON overexpression distinguished glioblastoma patients from patients with diffuse neurosarcoidosis
The MRI characteristics of diffuse neurosarcoidosis are similar to those of glioblastoma. Therefore, identification of novel biomarkers to distinguish these two diseases is needed. We found that lncRNA Survival Associated Mitochondrial Melanoma-Specific Oncogenic Non-Coding RNA (SAMMSON) was upregulated in plasma of glioblastoma patients but not in diffuse neurosarcoidosis patients comparing to healthy controls. Upregulated SAMMSON distinguished glioblastoma patients from diffuse neurosarcoidosis patients and healthy controls. MiR-622 in glioblastoma patients was inversely correlated with SAMMSON. SAMMSON overexpression ca...
Source: NeuroReport - July 16, 2019 Category: Neurology Tags: Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neuroscience Source Type: research

Management of squamous cell carcinomas of the skull-base
ConclusionSquamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common cancer occurring in the Head and Neck. Squamous cell carcinoma is also the most common cancer arising within the nose and sinuses of which skull-base squamous cell carcinoma is a rare subgroup.Evidence relating to the management and survival of skull-base SCC is based on expert opinion and. retrospective analyses Clinical examination and biopsy, imaging and a broad multidisciplinary team are key to the management of skull-base SCC. The information gathered should be used to guide informed discussion by suitably trained experts with patients regarding surgical appro...
Source: Journal of Neuro-Oncology - June 4, 2020 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Locoregional treatments of brain metastases for patients with metastatic cutaneous melanoma: French national guidelines.
This article presents the results of bibliographic search, the conclusions of the literature and the recommendations concerning locoregional treatments of brain metastases for patients with metastatic cutaneous melanoma. PMID: 25241016 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Neuro-Chirurgie - September 17, 2014 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Lubrano V, Derrey S, Truc G, Mirabel X, Thariat J, Cupissol D, Sassolas B, Combemale P, Modiano P, Bedane C, Dygai-Cochet I, Lamant L, Mourrégot A, Rougé Bugat ME, Siegrist S, Tiffet O, Mazeau-Woynar V, Verdoni L, Planchamp F, Leccia MT Tags: Neurochirurgie Source Type: research

Sc-14 * asymmetry-defective oligodendrocyte progenitors as potential cell-of-origin of hyperactivated raf-induced malignant astrocytomas
CONCLUSION: BRAFV600E expression causes a cell-type specific decrease in asymmetric cell division in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPC). Asymmetry-defective in vitro modified OPC and OPC-like cells isolated from a tumor cell line are capable of forming tumors when injected into mice. We will present data from our ongoing search for critical molecular regulators and pathway(s) associated with BRAFVE-mediated disruption of asymmetric cell division and malignant transformation.
Source: Neuro-Oncology - November 3, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Kadkhodaei, B., Lerner, R. G., Sidorov, M., Gomez-Lopez, S., McMahon, M., James, D., Petritsch, C. Tags: STEM CELLS Source Type: research

Integration of immuno-oncology with stereotactic radiosurgery in the management of brain metastases
ConclusionCombination therapy with SRS and ICI appears to improve survival in patients with brain metastases. The available data are largely retrospective; therefore, ongoing and planned prospective studies are needed to further validate these findings.
Source: Journal of Neuro-Oncology - February 11, 2020 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

A review of glioblastoma immunotherapy
ConclusionsCurrent clinical trials are exploring combination therapy and novel treatment strategies beyond immune checkpoint therapies and vaccine therapy such as CAR T cells. There is also an effort to establish synergy between immunotherapy and current standard of care. Furthermore, recent advances in personalized neoantigen vaccines suggest a shift towards personalized, patient-specific GBM treatment.
Source: Journal of Neuro-Oncology - April 5, 2020 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

The abscopal effect: inducing immunogenicity in the treatment of brain metastases secondary to lung cancer and melanoma
ConclusionThe combination of RT and ICIs may enhance ICI efficacy and induce more durable responses via the abscopal effect in patients with brain metastases of melanoma or NSCLC.
Source: Journal of Neuro-Oncology - April 22, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Immunotherapy for Neuro-oncology
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2021;1342:233-258. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-79308-1_7.ABSTRACTImmunotherapy has changed the landscape of treatment of many solid and hematological malignancies and is at the forefront of cancer breakthroughs. Several circumstances unique to the central nervous system (CNS) such as limited space for an inflammatory response, difficulties with repeated sampling, corticosteroid use for management of cerebral edema, and immunosuppressive mechanisms within the tumor and brain parenchyma have posed challenges in clinical development of immunotherapy for intracranial tumors. Nonetheless, the success of immunothera...
Source: Cancer Control - January 1, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Nazanin K Majd Pushan R Dasgupta John F de Groot Source Type: research

Radiation therapy-induced neuro-Sweet disease in a patient with oral squamous cell carcinoma.
We present a novel case of radiation therapy-induced neuro-Sweet disease in a patient receiving treatment for an oral squamous cell carcinoma. PMID: 26821310 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: The Australasian Journal of Dermatology - January 28, 2016 Category: Dermatology Authors: Wallett A, Newland K, Foster-Smith E Tags: Australas J Dermatol Source Type: research

Immunotherapy for Neuro-Oncology.
Authors: Majd N, Dasgupta P, de Groot J Abstract Immunotherapy has changed the landscape of treatment of many solid and hematological malignancies and is at the forefront of cancer breakthroughs. Several circumstances unique to the central nervous system (CNS) such as limited space for an inflammatory response, difficulties with repeated sampling, corticosteroid use for management of cerebral edema, and immunosuppressive mechanisms within the tumor and brain parenchyma have posed challenges in clinical development of immunotherapy for intracranial tumors. Nonetheless, the success of immunotherapy in brain metastase...
Source: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology - April 19, 2020 Category: Research Tags: Adv Exp Med Biol Source Type: research

Ms-30 * meningeal melanocytoma with multifocality, rapid cns seeding, and systemic metastases
CONCLUSION: Meningeal melanocytomas are rare tumors that are not only challenging to diagnose, but challenging to clinically predict and manage. This case illustrates these challenges and the multidisciplinary response needed to optimize outcomes.
Source: Neuro-Oncology - November 3, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Young, R., Mourad, W. F., Graber, J., Patel, S., Glanzman, J., Kabaritti, R., Santiago, T., Kalnicki, S., Garg, M. Tags: MENINGIOMA/VESTIBULAR SCHWANNOMA/SKULL BASE TUMORS/OTHER (CLINICAL AND/OR LABORATORY RESEARCH) Source Type: research