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Condition: Obesity

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Prevention of vascular access hand ischemia using the axillary artery as inflow
Background: Avoiding dialysis access-associated ischemic steal syndrome (DASS) in patients with upper extremity peripheral vascular occlusive disease while creating a functional hemodialysis vascular access may be challenging. We constructed an autogenous access with primary proximalization of the arterial inflow to prevent hand ischemia in patients at high risk for this complication.Methods: Patients requiring hemodialysis access with physical findings suggesting a high risk of access-related hand ischemia (absent radial, ulnar, and brachial palpable pulses associated with small calcified vessels by ultrasound examination...
Source: Journal of Vascular Surgery - July 1, 2013 Category: Surgery Authors: William Jennings, Robert Brown, John Blebea, Kevin Taubman, Ryan Messiner Tags: Clinical research studies Source Type: research

Effects of obesity on vascular potassium channels.
In conclusion, obesity and metabolic syndrome alter expression, function and sensitivity of vascular K channel subtypes causing smooth muscle dysfunction and probably endothelial dysfunction which makes these patients particularly prone to premature cardiovascular disease. Modulation of K channel activity by use of openers of e.g. KCa and KATP channels may also be attractive to counteract vascular dysfunction observed in obesity. PMID: 24846233 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Current Vascular Pharmacology - May 24, 2014 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Climent B, Simonsen U, Rivera L Tags: Curr Vasc Pharmacol Source Type: research

Vascular AMPK as an attractive target in the treatment of vascular complications of obesity.
Abstract The key for the survival of all organisms is the regulation and control of energy metabolism. Thus, several strategies have evolved in each tissue in order to balance nutrient supply with energy demand. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is now recognized as a key participant in energy metabolism. It ensures an appropriate energetic supply by promoting energy conserving pathways in detriment of anabolic processes not essential for cell survival. Vascular AMPK plays a critical role in the regulation of blood flow and vascular tone through several mechanisms, including vasodilation by s...
Source: Vascular Pharmacology - April 10, 2015 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: García-Prieto CF, Gil-Ortega M, Aránguez I, Ortiz-Besoain M, Somoza B, Fernández-Alfonso MS Tags: Vascul Pharmacol Source Type: research

Low-Dose Mineralocorticoid Receptor Blockade Prevents Western Diet-Induced Arterial Stiffening in Female Mice Vascular Structure and Function
Women are especially predisposed to development of arterial stiffening secondary to obesity because of consumption of excessive calories. Enhanced activation of vascular mineralocorticoid receptors impairs insulin signaling, induces oxidative stress, inflammation, and maladaptive immune responses. We tested whether a subpressor dose of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, spironolactone (1 mg/kg per day) prevents aortic and femoral artery stiffening in female C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat/high-sugar western diet (WD) for 4 months (ie, from 4–20 weeks of age). Aortic and femoral artery stiffness were assessed using u...
Source: Hypertension - June 10, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: DeMarco, V. G., Habibi, J., Jia, G., Aroor, A. R., Ramirez-Perez, F. I., Martinez-Lemus, L. A., Bender, S. B., Garro, M., Hayden, M. R., Sun, Z., Meininger, G. A., Manrique, C., Whaley-Connell, A., Sowers, J. R. Tags: Endothelium/vascular type/nitric oxide Vascular Structure and Function Source Type: research

Abstract P200: Endothelial Estrogen Receptor Alpha Does Not Protect Female Mice Against Western Diet Induced Vascular Stiffness Session Title: Receptors and Signal Transduction/Vascular Biology and Stiffness
Conclusion: Endothelial ERα does not protect females from vascular stiffness induced by a WD. Indeed, the present data suggest a predisposition toward protection of rodent lacking ERα in conditions of insulin resistance.
Source: Hypertension - November 3, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Manrique, C., Lastra, G., Haertling, D., DeMarco, V., Aroor, A., Jia, G., Ramirez-Perez, F. I., Martinez-Lemus, L., Karas, R., Chambon, P., Sowers, J. Tags: Session Title: Receptors and Signal Transduction/Vascular Biology and Stiffness Source Type: research

Perivascular Adipocytes in Vascular Disease.
Abstract Perivascular adipocytes residing in the vascular adventitia are recognized as distinct endocrine cells capable of responding to inflammatory stimuli and communicating with the sympathetic nervous system and adjacent blood vessel cells, thereby releasing adipocytokines and other signaling mediators to maintain vascular homeostasis. Perivascular adipocytes exhibit phenotypic heterogeneity (both white and brown adipocytes) and become dysfunctional in conditions, such as diet-induced obesity, thus promoting vascular inflammation, vasoconstriction, and smooth muscle cell proliferation to potentially contribute...
Source: Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology - September 11, 2019 Category: Cardiology Authors: Kim HW, Belin de Chantemèle EJ, Weintraub NL Tags: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol Source Type: research

GAL3 Mediates Vascular Dysfunction in Obesity by Regulating NOX1
CONCLUSIONS: Deletion of GAL3 normalizes microvascular endothelial function in obese db/db mice, likely through an NOX1-mediated mechanism. Pathological levels of GAL3, and in turn NOX1, are amenable to improvements in metabolic status, presenting a potential therapeutic target to ameliorate pathological cardiovascular consequences of obesity.PMID:37586054 | DOI:10.1161/ATVBAHA.123.319476
Source: Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology - August 16, 2023 Category: Cardiology Authors: Caleb A Padgett R óbert K Bátori Andrew C Speese Cody L Rosewater Weston B Bush Cassandra C Derella Stephen B Haigh Hunter G Sellers Zachary L Corley Madison A West James D Mintz Brittany B Ange Ryan A Harris Michael W Brands David J R Fulton David W St Source Type: research

{alpha}-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone regulates vascular NO availability and protects against endothelial dysfunction
Conclusion The present study identifies α-MSH and endothelial MC1 receptors as a new signalling pathway contributing to the regulation of NO availability and vascular function. These findings suggest applicability of α-MSH analogues for therapeutic use in pathological conditions that are characterized by vascular dysfunction.
Source: Cardiovascular Research - January 14, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Rinne, P., Nordlund, W., Heinonen, I., Penttinen, A.-M., Saraste, A., Ruohonen, S. T., Makela, S., Vahatalo, L., Kaipio, K., Cai, M., Hruby, V. J., Ruohonen, S., Savontaus, E. Tags: Vascular biology and angiogenesis Source Type: research

Changing presentation of knee dislocation and vascular injury from high-energy trauma to low-energy falls in the morbidly obese
Conclusions: LE KDs in obese patients are becoming increasingly prevalent. These patients are more likely to have nerve and vascular injuries and are more likely to undergo vascular repair than patients with HE trauma. The epidemic of obesity in the United States presents unique challenges in the identification and treatment of patients with LE KD and their associated injuries.
Source: Journal of Vascular Surgery - February 5, 2013 Category: Surgery Authors: Andrew G. Georgiadis, Farah H. Mohammad, Kristin T. Mizerik, Timothy J. Nypaver, Alexander D. Shepard Tags: Clinical research studies Source Type: research

Hepatic Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 2 Suppresses Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Protects From Oxidative Stress and Endothelial Dysfunction Vascular Medicine
Conclusions Hepatic ERK2 suppresses endoplasmic reticulum stress and hepatosteatosis in vivo, which results in protection from vascular oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. These findings demonstrate a novel role of hepatic ERK2 in obese-induced insulin resistance in the protection from hepatovascular metabolic remodeling and vascular diseases.
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - August 16, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Kujiraoka, T., Satoh, Y., Ayaori, M., Shiraishi, Y., Arai-Nakaya, Y., Hakuno, D., Yada, H., Kuwada, N., Endo, S., Isoda, K., Adachi, T. Tags: Vascular Medicine Source Type: research

Which lipid molecule can directly Injure the vascular endothelium ?
Take Our Poll I’m trying to get  a right  answer for this question for quiet some time. The literature on lipids is so vast  , one can never finish reviewing it.There are   nearly two dozen journals that  deal with lipids ,Atherosclerosis, obesity ,and vascular biology . Yet  , the answer to this simple question is elusive to us .The Irony is complete when we have evidence for   two diagonally  opposite responses 4 and 5 . My interpretation of the issue Any lipid molecule if exceeds a critical  level ( Only  if   . . . associated with hypertension, or diabetes or smoking ) can penetrate the vascular end...
Source: Dr.S.Venkatesan MD - August 29, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: dr s venkatesan Tags: Cardiology -unresolved questions Cardiology lipids /dyslipidemia does ldl tgl penetrate vascualr endothelium endothelial injury hdl lipid injury to vascular endothelium lipidology mechansim of atheroscerosis small dense LDL vldl what i Source Type: blogs

Abstract 49: Targeting Endothelial Cells with HO-1 Attenuated Vascular and Adipocyte Dysfunction in Mice Fed High Fat Diet Oral Session VI: Concurrent B Vascular Remodeling and Dysfunction
Conclusion: Targeting HO-1 to ECs resulted in the attenuation of blood pressure and the prevention of body weight gain resulting in increased ANG-1, PDGF, and VGEF levels and the reprogramming of MSCs derived adipocytes to produce healthy and smaller adipocytes with the release of adiponectin.
Source: Hypertension - October 30, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Kim, D. H., Getty, M. S., Stec, D. E., Abraham, N. G. Tags: Oral Session VI: Concurrent B Vascular Remodeling and Dysfunction Source Type: research

Perivascular adipose tissue, inflammation and vascular dysfunction in obesity.
Abstract Adipocytes are no longer considered just as cells related to storage of energy and thermoregulation. Now we know that they release a huge number of paracrine and endocrine biologically active molecules. This is also the case for perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) that surrounds almost all blood vessels in the organism. PVAT secretes the so-called adipo(cyto)kines that, because of its proximity, can easily influence vascular smooth muscle cells. The role of PVAT on vascular function can be both protective and deleterious. Normal healthy PVAT, as present in lean subjects, helps to keep the blood vessels dil...
Source: Current Vascular Pharmacology - May 24, 2014 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: de Voorde JV, Boydens C, Pauwels B, Decaluwe K Tags: Curr Vasc Pharmacol Source Type: research

Perivascular Adipose Tissue, Potassium Channels, and Vascular Dysfunction.
Abstract Perivascular adipose tissue has been recognized unequivocally as a major player in the pathology of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Through its production of adipokines and the release of other thus far unidentified factors, this recently discovered adipose tissue modulates vascular regulation and the myogenic response. After the discovery of its ability to diminish the vessel's response to vasoconstrictors, a new paradigm established adipose-derived relaxing factor as a paracrine smooth muscle cells' potassium channel opener that could potentially help combat vascular dysfunction. This review will...
Source: Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology - July 10, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Tano JY, Schleifenbaum J, Gollasch M Tags: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol Source Type: research