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Condition: Obesity

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Oral nitrite therapy improves vascular function in diabetic mice
Conclusion: These data suggest that sodium nitrite may be a novel therapy for treating diabetes-related vascular dysfunction; however, the mechanisms of improvement are unknown.
Source: Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research - April 7, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Sindler, A. L., Cox-York, K., Reese, L., Bryan, N. S., Seals, D. R., Gentile, C. L. Tags: Brief Reports Source Type: research

Sustained release nitrite therapy results in myocardial protection in a porcine model of metabolic syndrome with peripheral vascular disease
In conclusion, in a clinically relevant, large-animal model of MetS and CLI, treatment with SR-nitrite enhanced myocardial NO bioavailability, attenuated oxidative stress, and improved ex vivo coronary artery vasorelaxation.
Source: AJP: Heart and Circulatory Physiology - July 15, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Bradley, J. M., Islam, K. N., Polhemus, D. J., Donnarumma, E., Brewster, L. P., Tao, Y.-X., Goodchild, T. T., Lefer, D. J. Tags: VASCULAR BIOLOGY AND MICROCIRCULATION Source Type: research

Role of PGC-1α in Vascular Regulation: Implications for Atherosclerosis.
Abstract Mitochondrial dysfunction results in high levels of oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage, leading to disruption of endothelial homeostasis. Recent discoveries have clarified several pathways, whereby mitochondrial dysregulation contributes to endothelial dysfunction and vascular disease burden. One such pathway centers around peroxisome proliferator receptor-γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), a transcriptional coactivator linked to mitochondrial biogenesis and antioxidant defense, among other functions. Although primarily investigated for its therapeutic potential in obesity and skeletal muscle differenti...
Source: Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology - June 15, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Kadlec AO, Chabowski D, Ait-Aissa K, Gutterman DD Tags: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol Source Type: research

MnTBAP increases BMPR-II expression in endothelial cells and attenuates vascular inflammation.
CONCLUSION: Our data demonstrate that MnTBAP activates Smad signaling, preserves the turn-over of BMPR-II and elicits anti-inflammatory effects in endothelial cells, partly mediated by BMPR-II. This finding suggests a potential therapeutic impact of MnTBAP in the treatment of vascular inflammation. PMID: 27401963 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Vascular Pharmacology - July 7, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Zhou Q, Einert M, Schmitt H, Wang Z, Pankratz F, Olivier C, Bode C, Liao JK, Moser M Tags: Vascul Pharmacol Source Type: research

WNT5A-JNK regulation of vascular insulin resistance in human obesity
Obesity is associated with the development of vascular insulin resistance; however, pathophysiological mechanisms are poorly understood. We sought to investigate the role of WNT5A-JNK in the regulation of insulin-mediated vasodilator responses in human adipose tissue arterioles prone to endothelial dysfunction. In 43 severely obese (BMI 44±11 kg/m2) and five metabolically normal non-obese (BMI 26±2 kg/m2) subjects, we isolated arterioles from subcutaneous and visceral fat during planned surgeries. Using videomicroscopy, we examined insulin-mediated, endothelium-dependent vasodilator responses and characterize...
Source: Vascular Medicine - November 28, 2016 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Farb, M. G., Karki, S., Park, S.-Y., Saggese, S. M., Carmine, B., Hess, D. T., Apovian, C., Fetterman, J. L., Breton-Romero, R., Hamburg, N. M., Fuster, J. J., Zuriaga, M. A., Walsh, K., Gokce, N. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Vascular risk factors in INPH: A prospective case-control study (the INPH-CRasH study)
Conclusions: Our findings confirm that patients with INPH have more VRFs and lack the protective factors present in the general population. Almost 25% of cases of INPH may be explained by VRFs. This suggests that INPH may be a subtype of vascular dementia. Targeted interventions against modifiable VRFs are likely to have beneficial effects on INPH.
Source: Neurology - February 5, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Israelsson, H., Carlberg, B., Wikkelsö, C., Laurell, K., Kahlon, B., Leijon, G., Eklund, A., Malm, J. Tags: All Clinical Neurology, Vascular dementia, Case control studies, Risk factors in epidemiology ARTICLE Source Type: research

Relations of Metabolically Healthy and Unhealthy Obesity to Digital Vascular Function in Three Community–Based Cohorts: A Meta–Analysis Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
BackgroundMicrovascular dysfunction is a marker of early vascular disease that predicts cardiovascular events. Whether metabolically healthy obese individuals have impaired microvascular function remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relation of obesity phenotypes stratified by metabolic status to microvascular function.Methods and ResultsWe meta‐analyzed aggregate data from 3 large cohorts (Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health, the Framingham Heart Study, and the Gutenberg Heart Study; n=16 830 participants, age range 19–90, 51.3% men). Regression slopes between cardiovascular risk factor...
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - March 8, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Brant, L. C. C., Wang, N., Oȷeda, F. M., LaValley, M., Barreto, S. M., Benȷamin, E. J., Mitchell, G. F., Vasan, R. S., Palmisano, J. N., Munzel, T., Blankenberg, S., Wild, P. S., Zeller, T., Ribeiro, A. L. P., Schnabel, R. B., Hamburg, N. M. Tags: Endothelium/Vascular Type/Nitric Oxide, Epidemiology, Obesity, Risk Factors, Vascular Disease Systematic Review and Meta ‐ Analysis Source Type: research

Paraoxonase-1 and myeloperoxidase correlate with vascular biomarkers in overweight patients with newly diagnosed untreated hyperlipidaemia.
CONCLUSIONS: It can therefore be stated that PON1 activity and MPO level correlate strongly with the vascular biomarkers, highlighting the importance of the HDL-associated pro- and antioxidant enzymes in the development of endothelial dysfunction and atherogenesis. PMID: 28602123 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: VASA. Zeitschrift fur Gefasskrankheiten. Journal for Vascular Diseases - June 12, 2017 Category: Surgery Authors: Szentpéteri A, Zsíros N, Varga VE, Lőrincz H, Katkó M, Seres I, Fülöp P, Paragh G, Harangi M Tags: Vasa Source Type: research

Vascular damage in obesity and diabetes: Highlighting links between endothelial dysfunction and metabolic disease in zebrafish and man.
Abstract Endothelial dysfunction is an initial pathophysiological mechanism of vascular damage and is further recognized as an independent predictor of a negative prognosis in diabetes-induced micro- and macrovascular complications. Insight into the capability of zebrafish to model metabolic disease like obesity and type II diabetes has increased and new evidence on the induction of vascular pathologies in zebrafish through metabolic disease is available. Here, we raise the question, if zebrafish can be utilized to study the initial impairments of vascular complications in metabolic disorders. In this review, we f...
Source: Current Vascular Pharmacology - October 30, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Wiggenhauser LM, Kroll J Tags: Curr Vasc Pharmacol Source Type: research

Increased fractalkine and vascular dysfunction in obesity and in type 2 diabetes. Effects of oral antidiabetic treatment.
Abstract Activation of fractalkine and other chemokines plays an important role in atherogenesis and, in conjunction with endothelial dysfunction, promotes premature vascular damage in obesity and diabetes. We hypothesized that increased circulating fractalkine coexists with impaired vasomotor function in metabolically healthy or unhealthy obesity, and that treatment with antidiabetic drugs may impact these abnormalities in type 2 diabetes. Compared to lean subjects, in both obese groups the vasodilator responses to acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside were impaired (both P < .001); ETA-receptor blockade ...
Source: Vascular Pharmacology - March 25, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Schinzari F, Tesauro M, Campia U, Cardillo C Tags: Vascul Pharmacol Source Type: research

Leptin-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction Is Mediated by Sympathetic Nervous System Activity Vascular Medicine
Conclusions Leptin causes endothelial dysfunction and enhances the effects of angiotensin II on blood pressure. These effects of leptin are mediated by sympathetic nervous system activation and superoxide and may contribute to vascular stiffness and hypertension in obesity.
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - September 16, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Wang, J., Wang, H., Luo, W., Guo, C., Wang, J., Chen, Y. E., Chang, L., Eitzman, D. T. Tags: Vascular Medicine Source Type: research

Exercise performance and peripheral vascular insufficiency improve with AMPK activation in high-fat diet-fed mice
Intermittent claudication is a form of exercise intolerance characterized by muscle pain during walking in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD). Endothelial cell and muscle dysfunction are thought to be important contributors to the etiology of this disease, but a lack of preclinical models that incorporate these elements and measure exercise performance as a primary end point has slowed progress in finding new treatment options for these patients. We sought to develop an animal model of peripheral vascular insufficiency in which microvascular dysfunction and exercise intolerance were defining features. We further...
Source: AJP: Heart and Circulatory Physiology - April 15, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Baltgalvis, K. A., White, K., Li, W., Claypool, M. D., Lang, W., Alcantara, R., Singh, B. K., Friera, A. M., McLaughlin, J., Hansen, D., McCaughey, K., Nguyen, H., Smith, I. J., Godinez, G., Shaw, S. J., Goff, D., Singh, R., Markovtsov, V., Sun, T.-Q., Je Tags: VASCULAR BIOLOGY AND MICROCIRCULATION Source Type: research

Increasing Muscle Mass Improves Vascular Function in Obese (db/db) Mice Vascular Medicine
Conclusions Increasing muscle mass by genetic deletion of myostatin improves NO-, but not PGI2- or EDHF-mediated vasodilation in obese mice; this vasodilation improvement is mediated by down-regulation of superoxide.
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - June 25, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Qiu, S., Mintz, J. D., Salet, C. D., Han, W., Giannis, A., Chen, F., Yu, Y., Su, Y., Fulton, D. J., Stepp, D. W. Tags: Vascular Medicine Source Type: research

Childhood Obesity Associates Haemodynamic and Vascular Changes That Result in Increased Central Aortic Pressure with Augmented Incident and Reflected Wave Components, without Changes in Peripheral Amplification.
Authors: Castro JM, García-Espinosa V, Curcio S, Arana M, Chiesa P, Giachetto G, Zócalo Y, Bia D Abstract The aims were to determine if childhood obesity is associated with increased central aortic blood pressure (BP) and to characterize haemodynamic and vascular changes associated with BP changes in obese children and adolescents by means of analyzing changes in cardiac output (stroke volume, SV), arterial stiffness (aortic pulse wave velocity, PWV), peripheral vascular resistances (PVR), and net and relative contributions of reflected waves to the aortic pulse wave amplitude. We included 117 subjects (mean/rang...
Source: International Journal of Vascular Medicine - February 19, 2016 Category: Cardiology Tags: Int J Vasc Med Source Type: research

Vascular Smooth Muscle Sirtuin-1 Protects Against Diet-Induced Aortic Stiffness Arterial Stiffness
In conclusion, VSM SirT1 activation decreases arterial stiffness in the setting of obesity by stimulating anti-inflammatory and antioxidant pathways in the aorta. SirT1 activators may represent a novel therapeutic approach to prevent arterial stiffness and associated cardiovascular complications in overweight/obese individuals with metabolic syndrome.
Source: Hypertension - August 9, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Fry, J. L., Al Sayah, L., Weisbrod, R. M., Van Roy, I., Weng, X., Cohen, R. A., Bachschmid, M. M., Seta, F. Tags: Animal Models of Human Disease, Basic Science Research, Oxidant Stress, Vascular Biology, Vascular Disease Arterial Stiffness Source Type: research