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Condition: Obesity

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Alagebrium inhibits neointimal hyperplasia and restores distributions of wall shear stress by reducing downstream vascular resistance in obese and diabetic rats
In conclusion, ALT-711 decreased ARCC, increased in-stent flow rate, and reduced NH in ZO and ZD rats through RAGE-independent pathways. The study supports an important role for AGE-induced remodeling within and downstream of stent implantation to promote enhanced NH in T2DM.
Source: AJP: Heart and Circulatory Physiology - October 1, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Wang, H., Weihrauch, D., Kersten, J. R., Toth, J. M., Passerini, A. G., Rajamani, A., Schrepfer, S., LaDisa, J. F. Tags: VASCULAR BIOLOGY AND MICROCIRCULATION Source Type: research

Abstract P643: Proliferative Potential of Perivascular Adipose Tissue Stromal Vascular Cells Is Dependent on Anatomical Site Session Title: Vascular Remodeling and Dysfunction/Endothelin Factors
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is an important paracrine regulator of blood vessel function. Growth and pathological conditions such as obesity expand PVAT by hyperplasia and hypertrophy, however, these remodeling processes may differ depending on the PVAT anatomical site leading to diverse effects on the vasculature. A higher proliferative capacity of PVAT localized around mesenteric arteries may contribute to increased visceral fat mass and therefore intensify CVD risk. We hypothesize that PVAT proliferative potential is dependent on PVAT anatomical localization. PVATs from aorta (aPVAT) and mesenteric arteries (mPVA...
Source: Hypertension - November 3, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Contreras, G. A., Thelen, K., Ayala-Lopez, N., Watts, S. W. Tags: Session Title: Vascular Remodeling and Dysfunction/Endothelin Factors Source Type: research

Are There Specific Patient Factors That Contribute to Vascular Wound Infections?
Purpose: Surgical site infections (SSI) are one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in vascular surgery. The risk factors of SSI cited in the literature include age, gender, obesity, diabetes, COPD, CKD, high ASA class, emergency operation, history of smoking, use of steroids, and longer procedure time. There was a perception at our institution that there were an increased number of groin wound infections. The purpose of the study was to review the current management for vascular patients and develop protocols to better manage those comorbidities that may impact wound healing.
Source: Journal of Vascular Nursing - May 20, 2016 Category: Nursing Authors: Catherine Ratliff Source Type: research

Abnormal Peri-Organ or Intra-organ Fat (APIFat) Deposition: An Underestimated Predictor of Vascular Risk?
Abstract Adipose tissue, a major endocrine organ, consists of brown and white adipocytes. Brown fatmay play a beneficialrole in cardiometabolic disordersBrown adipose tissue can also improve glucose and lipid metabolism. In contrast, the expansion of white adipose tissue has been related to obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Both the quantity and the quality of the white adipose tissue as well as its distribution may affect CVD risk. In this context, the link between adiposity and CVD risk is greater for visceral than subcutaneous fat. Apart from these fat depots, there are other a...
Source: Current Vascular Pharmacology - July 21, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Katsiki N, Athyros VG, Mikhailidis DP Tags: Curr Vasc Pharmacol Source Type: research

From the Cover: Zinc Deficiency Worsens and Supplementation Prevents High-Fat Diet Induced Vascular Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Pathological Remodeling
Obesity has become a common public health problem in the world and raises the risk of various cardiovascular diseases. Zinc is essential for multiple organs in terms of normal structure and function. The present study investigated the effects of high fat diet (HFD) induced obesity on the aorta in mice, and evaluated whether it can be affected by zinc deficiency or supplementation. Four-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed HFD with varied amounts of zinc (deficiency, adequate and supplementation) for 3 and 6 months. Results showed that HFD feeding induced a time-dependent aortic remodeling, demonstrated by increased vessel ...
Source: Toxicological Sciences - August 30, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Chen, J., Wang, S., Luo, M., Zhang, Z., Dai, X., Kong, M., Cai, L., Wang, Y., Shi, B., Tan, Y. Tags: Effects of Zinc Levels on Vascular Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Source Type: research

The effect of body mass index on major outcomes after vascular surgery
Obesity has been associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, although pooled evidence in patients undergoing vascular surgery are lacking. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effect of body mass index (BMI) on major postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing vascular surgery.
Source: Journal of Vascular Surgery - November 18, 2016 Category: Surgery Authors: George Galyfos, Georgios I. Geropapas, Stavros Kerasidis, Argiri Sianou, Fragiska Sigala, Konstantinos Filis Source Type: research

Vascular risk in obesity: Facts, misconceptions and the unknown
Obesity is a major burden on healthcare systems worldwide due to the association with numerous complications, arguably the most important of which are the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Both are thought to develop from similar origins and occur at variable rates in obese individuals, including those with similar body mass indices. This phenomenon is likely a result of an increased susceptibility for the storage of excess fat in the wrong place, namely, ectopic fat surrounding the liver, pancreas and muscles. This triggers a concatenation of events leading to insulin resistance and inflammation w...
Source: Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research - December 8, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: King, R. J., Ajjan, R. A. Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Beneficial Effects of Apelin on Vascular Function in Patients With Central ObesityNovelty and Significance Obesity
Patients with central obesity have impaired insulin-stimulated vasodilation and increased ET-1 (endothelin 1) vasoconstriction, which may contribute to insulin resistance and vascular damage. Apelin enhances insulin sensitivity and glucose disposal but also acts as a nitric oxide (NO)–dependent vasodilator and a counter-regulator of AT1 (angiotensin [Ang] II type 1) receptor–induced vasoconstriction. We, therefore, examined the effects of exogenous (Pyr1)apelin on NO-mediated vasodilation and Ang II– or ET-1–dependent vasoconstrictor tone in obese patients. In the absence of hyperinsulinemia, forearm blood flow res...
Source: Hypertension - April 12, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Francesca Schinzari, Augusto Veneziani, Nadia Mores, Angela Barini, Nicola Di Daniele, Carmine Cardillo, Manfredi Tesauro Tags: ACE/Angiotensin Receptors/Renin Angiotensin System, Endothelium/Vascular Type/Nitric Oxide, Vascular Biology Original Articles Source Type: research

Achieving better detection of vascular risk factors for stroke prevention (P4.062)
Conclusions:The concept of vital station is a useful means of detecting vascular risk factor before appearance of noticeable symptoms and thus offers the benefit of being able to treat the disease much earlier which can lead to reduction of disease burden & economic losses and thus offers better health outcome.Disclosure: Dr. Mehndiratta has nothing to disclose. Dr. Wadhai has nothing to disclose.
Source: Neurology - April 17, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Mehndiratta, M. M., Wadhai, S. Tags: General Neurology: Vascular Neurology Source Type: research

Selective Deletion of Leptin Signaling in Endothelial Cells Enhances Neointima Formation and Phenocopies the Vascular Effects of Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that intact endothelial leptin signaling limits neointima formation and that obesity represents a state of endothelial leptin resistance. These observations and the identification of endothelin-1 as soluble mediator of the cardiovascular risk factor obesity may have relevant therapeutic implications. PMID: 28705795 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology - July 13, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Hubert A, Bochenek ML, Schütz E, Gogiraju R, Münzel T, Schäfer K Tags: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol Source Type: research

Contribution of lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 and LOX-1 modulating compounds to vascular diseases.
Abstract The lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) is the major receptor for binding and uptake of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) in endothelial cells. LOX-1 is also expressed in macrophages, smooth muscle cells and platelets. Following internalization of oxLDL, LOX-1 initiates a vicious cycle from activation of pro-inflammatory signaling pathways, thus promoting an increased reactive oxygen species formation and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. LOX-1 plays a pivotal role in the development of endothelial dysfunction, foam cell and advanced lesions formation as well as i...
Source: Vascular Pharmacology - October 19, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Hofmann A, Brunssen C, Morawietz H Tags: Vascul Pharmacol Source Type: research

Favorable Vascular Actions of Angiotensin–(1–7) in Human ObesityNovelty and Significance Renin-Angiotensin System
Obese patients have vascular dysfunction related to impaired insulin-stimulated vasodilation and increased endothelin-1–mediated vasoconstriction. In contrast to the harmful vascular actions of angiotensin (Ang) II, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 product Ang-(1–7) has shown to exert cardiovascular and metabolic benefits in experimental models through stimulation of the Mas receptor. We, therefore, examined the effects of exogenous Ang-(1–7) on vasodilator tone and endothelin-1–dependent vasoconstriction in obese patients. Intra-arterial infusion of Ang-(1–7) (10 nmol/min) resulted in significant increase in ...
Source: Hypertension - December 13, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Francesca Schinzari, Manfredi Tesauro, Augusto Veneziani, Nadia Mores, Nicola Di Daniele, Carmine Cardillo Tags: Hypertension, Vascular Disease Original Articles Source Type: research

Involvement of intracellular pH in vascular insulin resistance.
Abstract The maintenance of the pH homeostasis is maintained by several mechanisms including the efflux of protons (H+) via membrane transporters expressed in almost all mammalian cells. Along these membrane transporters the sodium/H+ exchangers (NHEs), mainly NHE isoform 1 (NHE1), plays a key role in this phenomenon. NHE1 is under modulation by several environmental conditions (v.g., hyperglycaemia, protein kinase C activity) as well as hormones, including insulin. NHE1 activation causes intracellular alkalization in human endothelial cells leading to activation of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) to ...
Source: Current Vascular Pharmacology - September 10, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Ramirez MA, Beltran AR, Araya JE, Cornejo M, Toledo F, Fuentes G, Sobrevia L Tags: Curr Vasc Pharmacol Source Type: research

Obesity, risk of biochemical recurrence, and prostate ‐specific antigen doubling time after radical prostatectomy: results from the SEARCH database
ConclusionWhile we confirmed that higher BMI was associated with BCR, we found no link between BMI and PSADT at the time of recurrence. Our data suggest obese men do not have more aggressive recurrences. Future studies are needed to test whether obesity predicts response to salvage therapies.
Source: BJU International - November 16, 2018 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Stephen J. Freedland, Brandee L. Branche, Lauren E. Howard, Robert J. Hamilton, William J. Aronson, Martha K. Terris, Matthew R. Cooperberg, Christopher L. Amling, Christopher J. Kane, On behalf of the SEARCH Database Study Group Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Epigenetic Mechanisms in Monocytes/Macrophages Regulate Inflammation in Cardiometabolic and Vascular Disease.
Abstract Cardiometabolic and vascular disease, with their associated secondary complications, are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Western society. Chronic inflammation is a common theme that underlies initiation and progression of cardiovascular disease. In this regard, monocytes/macrophages are key players in the development of a chronic inflammatory state. Over the past decade, epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation and posttranslational histone processing, have emerged as important regulators of immune cell phenotypes. Accumulating studies reveal the importance of epigenetic enzymes i...
Source: Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology - February 14, 2019 Category: Cardiology Authors: Davis FM, Gallagher K Tags: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol Source Type: research