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Role of epigenetics and DNA-damage in asthma
Purpose of review Although asthma is a common disease worldwide, its pathogenesis remains to be fully elucidated. There is increasing evidence of the interaction between epigenetics, DNA-damage, and environmental allergens in the development of asthma. In this review, we will focus on the role of epigenetics and DNA-damage in asthma. Recent findings There is growing evidence of environmental allergens, particularly house dust mite, stimulating oxidative DNA damage in airway epithelial cells. The repair of this DNA damage has been implicated in the secretion of Th2 cytokines and the induction of allergic inflammation. ...
Source: Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology - January 17, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: MECHANISMS OF ALLERGY AND ADULT ASTHMA: Edited by J. Andrew Grant and Gustavo J. Rodrigo Source Type: research

Citizen CPR Foundation and PulsePoint Award $20,000 Grant to Sonoma County EMS/Save Lives Sonoma
NEW ORLEANS (December 12, 2017)— It is with a shared vision, to save lives from sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) by stimulating effective community, professional and citizen action, that the PulsePoint Foundation and the Citizen CPR Foundation announce Sonoma County EMS/Save Lives Sonoma as the inaugural winner of the 2017 PulsePoint Grant Competition. The announcement was made at the 2017 Emergency Cardiovascular Care Update (ECCU) Conference in New Orleans. Three finalists were selected in advance of the ECCU Conference and invited to present their entries during the plenary session entitled: Innovation and Resuscitation -...
Source: JEMS Administration and Leadership - December 12, 2017 Category: Emergency Medicine Authors: PulsePoint Tags: Administration and Leadership Industry News Source Type: news

Associations Between Introduction and Withdrawal of a Financial Incentive and Timing of Attendance for Antenatal Care and Incidence of Small for Gestational Age: Natural Experimental Evaluation Using Interrupted Time Series Methods
(Abstracted from BMJ Open 2018;8:e017697) The Health in Pregnancy Grant (HiPG), introduced April 2009, was a one-time payment of 190£ payable to all pregnant women residing in the United Kingdom after the 25th week of gestation, contingent on them receiving routine antenatal care. The HiPG was withdrawn after a 2010 general election, and women were only able to claim the payment if they reached the 25th week of pregnancy before January 1, 2011.
Source: Obstetrical and Gynecological Survey - June 1, 2018 Category: OBGYN Tags: Obstetrics: Preconception and Prenatal Care Source Type: research

Low Levels of T Cell Exhaustion in Tuberculous Lung Granulomas Host Response and Inflammation
The hallmarks of pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection are lung granulomas. These organized structures are composed of host immune cells whose purpose is to contain or clear infection, creating a complex hub of immune and bacterial cell activity, as well as limiting pathology in the lungs. Yet, given cellular activity and the potential for frequent interactions between host immune cells and M. tuberculosis-infected cells, we observed a surprisingly low quantity of cytokine-producing T cells (<10% of granuloma T cells) in our recent study of M. tuberculosis infection within nonhuman primate (NHP) granulomas. Var...
Source: Infection and Immunity - August 22, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Wong, E. A., Joslyn, L., Grant, N. L., Klein, E., Lin, P. L., Kirschner, D. E., Flynn, J. L. Tags: Host Response and Inflammation Source Type: research

Protecting and Enforcing the Intellectual Property Behind Medical Diagnostics
CONCLUSION A successful IP assessment policy creates a framework for identifying new inventions, documenting the invention disclosure process, determining the appropriate IP protection, and educating employees. REFERENCES [1] 35 U.S.C. § 101. [2] USPTO Performance and Accountability Report, FY 2017 at p. 15 (The average first USPTO action pendency is between 1.2 and 1.5 years.). [3] 35 U.S. Code § 154. [4] U.S. Const. art. I, § 8, cl. 8; see also 35 U.S.C. § 112. [5] 35 U.S. Code § 154(a)(1). [6] 28 U.S. Code § 1338 (“The district cou...
Source: MDDI - August 28, 2018 Category: Medical Devices Authors: Michele Van Patten Frank and Alper T. Ertas Tags: Regulatory and Compliance Source Type: news

A global systematic scoping review of studies analysing indicators, development, and content of national-level physical activity and sedentary behaviour policies
National policy approaches to physical activity (PA) promotion and sedentary behaviour (SB) reduction are needed to address rising rates of non-communicable diseases. Understanding the policy process and impac...
Source: International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity - November 28, 2018 Category: Nutrition Authors: Bojana Klepac Pogrmilovic, Grant O ’Sullivan, Karen Milton, Stuart J. H. Biddle, Adrian Bauman, Fiona Bull, Sonja Kahlmeier, Michael Pratt and Zeljko Pedisic Tags: Review Source Type: research

Prostaglandin E2 in NSAID-exacerbated respiratory disease: protection against cysteinyl leukotrienes and group 2 innate lymphoid cells
Purpose of review The purpose of this review is to describe the recent advances that have been made in understanding the protective role of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD), known in Europe as NSAID-exacerbated respiratory disease (N-ERD). Recent findings Decreased PGE2 signaling through the EP2 receptor in patients with AERD leads to an increase in leukotriene synthesis and signaling. Leukotriene signaling not only directly activates group 2 innate lymphoid cells and mast cells, but it also increases production of IL-33 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin. These cytokines drive T...
Source: Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology - December 20, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: MECHANISMS OF ALLERGY AND ADULT ASTHMA: Edited by J. Andrew Grant and Enrico Heffler Source Type: research

Asthma, obesity and targeted interventions: an update
Purpose of review Obese asthma is now widely recognized as a phenotype of difficult asthma that is common and less responsive to traditional asthma treatments, so identifying specific treatments is increasingly important. Recent findings Obesity can lead to asthma through a complex relationship of causes including mechanical, inflammatory, metabolic and genetic factors. Exercise programmes including pulmonary rehabilitation, weight loss via dietary restriction, exercise and bariatric surgery, or combinations of all of these can improve quality of life, symptoms, and exercise capacity, with reductions in medication use...
Source: Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology - December 20, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: MECHANISMS OF ALLERGY AND ADULT ASTHMA: Edited by J. Andrew Grant and Enrico Heffler Source Type: research

A systematic review of instruments for the analysis of national-level physical activity and sedentary behaviour policies
This systematic review aimed to identify and critically assess available instruments for the analysis of national-level physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) policies and provide recommendations ...
Source: Health Research Policy and Systems - November 13, 2019 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Authors: Bojana Klepac Pogrmilovic, Grant O ’Sullivan, Karen Milton, Stuart J. H. Biddle and Zeljko Pedisic Tags: Review Source Type: research

Mechanisms of allergy and adult asthma
Purpose of review Allergic asthma reflects the interplay between inflammatory mediators and immune, airway epithelial, and other cells. This review summarizes key insights in these areas over the past year. Recent findings Key findings over the past year demonstrate that epithelial cells mediate tight junction breakdown to facilitate the development of asthma-like disease in mice. Innate lymph lymphoid cells (ILC), while previously shown to promote allergic airway disease, have now been shown to inhibit the development of severe allergic disease in mice. Fibrinogen cleavage products (previously shown to mediate allerg...
Source: Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology - January 3, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: MECHANISMS OF ALLERGY AND ADULT ASTHMA: Edited by J. Andrew Grant and Enrico Heffler Source Type: research

Asthma/obstructive pulmonary disease overlap: update on definition, biomarkers, and therapeutics
Purpose of review Asthma/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap (ACO) continues to be a poorly understood condition. This review discusses newly proposed criteria and potential biomarkers in ACO, to aid in diagnosis and research studies, and prudent therapeutic approaches. Recent findings A global expert panel proposed an operational definition consisting of major and minor criteria as a step toward defining ACO. Serum periostin and YKL-40 may serve as biomarkers for ACO. Clinically, a reasonable therapeutic approach to ACO is the early addition of a long-acting β-agonist (LABA) and/or a long-acting muscarinic...
Source: Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology - January 3, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: MECHANISMS OF ALLERGY AND ADULT ASTHMA: Edited by J. Andrew Grant and Enrico Heffler Source Type: research

The role of epigenetics in allergy and asthma development
Purpose of review Epigenetic mechanisms are known to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, food allergy, and other allergic disorders, especially through mediating the effects of the environmental factors, well recognized allergy-risk modifiers. The aim of this work was to provide a concise but comprehensive review of the recent progress in the epigenetics of allergic diseases. Recent findings Recent few years have substantially expanded our knowledge on the role of epigenetics in the pathogenesis and clinical picture of allergies. Specifically, it has been shown that...
Source: Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology - January 3, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: MECHANISMS OF ALLERGY AND ADULT ASTHMA: Edited by J. Andrew Grant and Enrico Heffler Source Type: research

New UK taskforce to help develop and roll out coronavirus vaccine
Government bodies, industry and charities including AstraZeneca and Wellcome Trust to collaborate in coordinating effortsCoronavirus – latest updatesSee all our coronavirus coverageCoronavirus vaccine – when will we have one?The government has announced a new vaccines taskforce to help the development of a vaccine for Covid-19 and ensure its rapid production and rollout if one arrives.The business secretary, Alok Sharma, also gave details of cash grants for work into both vaccines and potential treatments. Among the projects receiving cash is one led by Public Health England which hopes to develop an antibody drug, som...
Source: Guardian Unlimited Science - April 17, 2020 Category: Science Authors: Peter Walker and Hannah Devlin Tags: Coronavirus outbreak Vaccines and immunisation Alok Sharma UK news Health Politics Science Source Type: news

Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency and asthma
Purpose of review The aim of the article is to highlight the association between α1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) and asthma. Recent findings AATD is one of the most common and underrecognized autosomal disorders associated with an increased risk of developing liver and lung diseases. An association between α1-antitrypsin and asthma has been suggested, especially with severe forms of this disease. Many studies have shown an increased prevalence of asthma in the α1-antitrypsin-deficient population overtime (4–38%). The biological mechanism underlying these two conditions and able to bind them has not yet bee...
Source: Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology - December 26, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: MECHANISMS OF ALLERGY AND ADULT ASTHMA: Edited by J. Andrew Grant and Enrico Heffler Source Type: research

Gastroesophageal reflux and asthma: when, how, and why
Purpose of review Gastro-esophageal reflux is a possible cause of uncontrolled symptoms of asthma and should be actively investigated and treated before severe asthma is diagnosed and biological therapy started. Recent findings Recent investigations on esophageal function and tissue biomarkers in patients with asthma and associated GERD have established a relevant role for esophageal motility and neuronal sensory abnormalities in linking the two diseases. Characterization of the underpinning inflammatory substrate has showed mixed results as both neutrophilic and eosinophilic type 2 inflammatory changes have bee...
Source: Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology - December 26, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: MECHANISMS OF ALLERGY AND ADULT ASTHMA: Edited by J. Andrew Grant and Enrico Heffler Source Type: research