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Measuring Beliefs About Distraction: Might the Function of Distraction Matter More than Distraction Itself?
Abstract Distraction is often discouraged in exposure therapy for anxiety disorders, but little is known about how beliefs about distraction may impact treatment outcome (with or without distraction). One barrier to understanding the impact of these beliefs is the lack of an available measure to assess this construct. In addition to proposing a theoretical basis for beliefs about distraction, we created and validated a questionnaire assessing maladaptive beliefs about distraction, the Beliefs about Distraction Inventory. An exploratory factor analysis with an unselected student sample (N = 506, 86 % female) sug...
Source: Cognitive Therapy and Research - July 2, 2015 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Effects of writing beliefs and planning on writing performance
Publication date: October 2014 Source:Learning and Instruction, Volume 33 Author(s): Veerle M. Baaijen , David Galbraith , Kees de Glopper White and Bruning (2005) distinguished two sets of writing beliefs: transactional and transmissional beliefs. In this paper we analyse their beliefs scale and suggest two hypotheses about how such beliefs relate to writing performance. The single-process hypothesis treats the beliefs as different amounts of engagement, whereas the dual-process hypothesis claims that the beliefs represent different types of engagement. We then describe the results of an experiment with 84 university st...
Source: Learning and Instruction - November 5, 2014 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Decremental mindsets and prevention-focused motivation: An extended framework of implicit theories of intelligence
Publication date: October 2017 Source:Learning and Individual Differences, Volume 59 Author(s): Nigel Mantou Lou, Takahiko Masuda, Liman Man Wai Li Implicit theories are an influential framework for understanding achievement motivation. Many studies have shown that incremental (positive-change) beliefs predict adaptive motivation and positive learning outcomes, whereas entity (no-change) beliefs predict maladaptive motivation and negative learning outcomes. This research explores a new construct regarding decremental (negative-change) beliefs – mindsets that intelligence can be reduced. Two studies with a total of 407 u...
Source: Learning and Individual Differences - September 21, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

O9 Food Systems, Climate Change, and Food Waste: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs Among Middle School Students
The food system including food waste is a major contributor to climate change and driven largely by consumers. Attitudes and beliefs about food and the environment influence consumer eating and wasting behaviors.
Source: Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior - June 30, 2020 Category: Nutrition Authors: Ana Mitchell, Melissa Pflugh Prescott Tags: What Food Future: Emerging Food Systems Research Source Type: research

The Beliefs About Memory Inventory (BAMI) and Its Ability to Predict Compulsive Checking
ConclusionsThe BAMI holds promise for both research and clinical use. Results are discussed within the framework of cognitive theory of and treatments for OCD.
Source: Cognitive Therapy and Research - November 19, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Do students' beliefs about writing relate to their writing self-efficacy, apprehension, and performance?
This study tested a model in which beliefs about writing, writing self-efficacy, and writing apprehension predict writing performance. The Beliefs About Writing Survey, the Writing Self-Efficacy Index, and the modified Writing Apprehension Test were administered to 738 undergraduates to predict their grade on a class paper. In a hierarchical regression, beliefs about writing predicted variance in writing scores beyond that accounted for by writing self-efficacy and apprehension. Audience Orientation, a new belief associated with expert practice, was the strongest positive predictor of the students' grade. Transmission, a b...
Source: Learning and Instruction - November 5, 2014 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Investigating relations between beliefs about justification for knowing, interest, and knowledge across two socio-scientific topics
Publication date: February 2018 Source:Learning and Individual Differences, Volume 62 Author(s): Christian Brandmo, Ivar Bråten In a sample of 281 Norwegian upper-secondary school students, structural equation modeling was used to test hypothesized relationships between beliefs about justification for knowing, interest, and knowledge across two controversial socio-scientific topics: climate change and nuclear power. Results indicated that beliefs in justification by multiple sources had a positive direct effect on knowledge about climate change and positive indirect effects on knowledge about both topics mediated by topi...
Source: Learning and Individual Differences - February 3, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

IJERPH, Vol. 15, Pages 620: Beliefs about Vaccinations: Comparing a Sample from a Medical School to That from the General Population
owitz The current study compares health care professionals’ beliefs about vaccination statements with the beliefs of a sample of individuals from the general population. Students and faculty within a medical school (n = 58) and a sample from the general population in the United States (n = 177) were surveyed regarding their beliefs about vaccinations. Participants evaluated statements about vaccinations (both supporting and opposing), and indicated whether they thought the general population would agree with them. Overall, it was found that subjects in both populations agreed with statements supporting vaccination ov...
Source: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health - March 28, 2018 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Lauren Latella Robert McAuley Mitchell Rabinowitz Tags: Article Source Type: research

Teachers ’ practices and beliefs about teaching writing: a comprehensive survey of grades 1 to 3 teachers
AbstractA random sample of 782 grades 1 through 3 Chinese language arts teachers in Taiwan were surveyed about how they taught writing and their beliefs about writing. The underlying dimensions of teachers ’ reported writing practices and beliefs were established through factor analyses. Thirty-seven percent of the teachers reported they taught writing every day (average writing lesson across all teachers was 52 min). However, most teachers indicated they offered writing classes infrequently, as 60 % of teachers reported teaching writing just once a week or less often. Teachers applied many different instructional proce...
Source: Reading and Writing - May 8, 2020 Category: Child Development Source Type: research

Always Saying the Wrong Thing: Negative Beliefs About Losing Control Cause Symptoms of Social Anxiety
ConclusionResults suggest beliefs about losing control may play a causal role in the development and maintenance of SAD. These beliefs may represent a novel domain to be targeted in CBT.
Source: Cognitive Therapy and Research - September 13, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Teachers ’ Beliefs About the Provision of Education for Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review
This study used a systematic review methodology to locate previous studies focused on exploring teachers’ beliefs towards students with autism, published in peer-reviewed journals in the past 10 years (2012–2021). The results of the data analysis conceptualised fiv e major themes about different types of teachers’ beliefs. The implications for teachers’ practices, education reforms, and further research directions are also provided.
Source: Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders - December 23, 2022 Category: Child Development Source Type: research

Prediction of Insomnia Severity Based on Cognitive, Metacognitive, and Emotional Variables in College Students
Objective: Insomnia is the most common sleep disorder whose origin is attributed to various variables. The current study aims to predict the symptoms of insomnia by investigating some of its predictors.Methods: Numerous variables such as depression and anxiety symptoms, worry, pre-sleep arousal (cognitive arousal and somatic arousal), dysfunctional cognitions, and metacognitive beliefs about sleep were assessed as insomnia predictors. A total of 400 students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences completed the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS), the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ), the Pre-Sleep Arousal Scale (...
Source: Explore - April 21, 2014 Category: Nursing Authors: Hoda Doos Ali Vand, Banafsheh Gharraee, Ali-Asghar Asgharnejad Farid, MirFarhad Ghaleh Bandi Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Final Year University Students’ Beliefs about Future Employment Relationships
Publication date: 16 January 2015 Source:Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, Volume 171 Author(s): Zorica Marković , Biljana Blaževska Stoilkovska Psychological contract is important construct to understand continuing changes in employment relationships. In that way, anticipatory psychological contract (APC) presents valuable framework to understand graduate students’ beliefs about future employment relationships. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to examine ACP content, i.e. beliefs about employee contributions and employer inducements in the employment relationship. The sample consisted of 271 final yea...
Source: Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences - February 1, 2015 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Low self-esteem and positive beliefs about smoking: A destructive combination for male college students.
CONCLUSION: The gender gap in smoking behavior appears to occur primarily among individuals with lower self-esteem. It is a particularly detrimental risk factor for males, as it is related to higher positive views about smoking and increased tobacco consumption. These results highlight the importance of developing multifaceted gender specific belief-based preventative interventions to address smoking related behaviors. PMID: 25838000 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Addictive Behaviors - March 14, 2015 Category: Addiction Authors: Hale WJ, Perrotte JK, Baumann MR, Garza RT Tags: Addict Behav Source Type: research

Parent and caregiver knowledge, beliefs, and responses to convulsive seizures in children in Kingston, Jamaica - A hospital-based survey.
CONCLUSION: Parents/caregivers of children with convulsive seizures have appropriate health-care seeking behavior, but most do not have appropriate knowledge about seizures. Few take appropriate action during the episode. A public education program is needed to improve parental knowledge of and response to convulsive seizures. PMID: 26319073 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Epilepsy and Behaviour - August 26, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Hall-Parkinson D, Tapper J, Melbourne-Chambers R Tags: Epilepsy Behav Source Type: research