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Neuro-protection and neuro-regeneration of the optic nerve: recent advances and future directions
Purpose of review
Optic neuropathies refer to a collection of diseases in which retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), the specialized neuron of the retina whose axons make up the optic nerve, are selectively damaged. Blindness secondary to optic neuropathies is irreversible as RGCs do not have the capacity for self-renewal and have a limited capacity for self-repair. Numerous strategies are being developed to either prevent further RGC degeneration or replace the cells that have degenerated. In this review, we aim to discuss known limitations to regeneration in central nervous system (CNS), followed by a discussion of previous,...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurology - January 17, 2020 Category: Neurology Tags: NEURO-OPHTHALMOLOGY: Edited by Heather E. Moss Source Type: research
Do Most Patients With a Spontaneous Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak Have Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension?
Conclusions:
IIH is becoming more widely recognized as a cause of spontaneous CSF leaks, but the causal relationship remains poorly characterized. Systematic evaluation and follow-up of patients with spontaneous CSF leaks by neuro-ophthalmologists will help clarify the relation between IIH and spontaneous CSF leaks.
Source: Journal of Neuro-Ophthalmology - December 1, 2019 Category: Opthalmology Tags: State-of-the-Art Review Source Type: research
Study: Neuro-implants restore motion to quadriplegic patient ’ s arm
This study is groundbreaking as the first report of a person executing functional, multi-joint movements of a paralysed limb with a motor neuro-prosthesis. However, this treatment is not nearly ready for use outside the lab. The movements were rough and slow and required continuous visual feedback, as is the case for most available brain-machine interfaces, and had restricted range due to the use of a motorised device to assist shoulder movements… Thus, the study is a proof-of-principle demonstration of what is possible, rather than a fundamental advance in neuro-prosthetic concepts or technology. But it is an exciti...
Source: Mass Device - March 29, 2017 Category: Medical Equipment Authors: Fink Densford Tags: Clinical Trials Neurological Prosthetics Source Type: news
8-oxoG DNA Glycosylase-1 Inhibition Sensitizes Neuro-2a Cells to Oxidative DNA Base Damage Induced by 900 MHz Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Radiation
Conclusion: Even if further studies remain conducted we support the hypothesis that OGG1 is involved in the process of DNA base repair and may play a pivotal role in protecting DNA bases from RF-EMF induced oxidative damage.Cell Physiol Biochem 2015;37:1075-1088
Source: Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry - September 26, 2015 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Damage-responsive neuro-glial clusters coordinate the recruitment of dormant neural stem cells in Drosophila
Dev Cell. 2022 Jun 14:S1534-5807(22)00372-0. doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.05.015. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTRecruitment of stem cells is crucial for tissue repair. Although stem cell niches can provide important signals, little is known about mechanisms that coordinate the engagement of disseminated stem cells across an injured tissue. In Drosophila, adult brain lesions trigger local recruitment of scattered dormant neural stem cells suggesting a mechanism for creating a transient stem cell activation zone. Here, we find that injury triggers a coordinated response in neuro-glial clusters that promotes the spread of a neu...
Source: Developmental Cell - June 18, 2022 Category: Cytology Authors: Anabel R Sim ões Marta Neto Carolina S Alves Mariana B Santos Ismael Fern ández-Hernández Henrique Veiga-Fernandes David Brea Irene Dur á Juan M Encinas Christa Rhiner Source Type: research
Neuro-epithelial-ILC2 crosstalk in barrier tissues
Trends Immunol. 2022 Oct 14:S1471-4906(22)00187-9. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2022.09.006. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTGroup 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) contribute to the maintenance of mammalian barrier tissue homeostasis. We review how ILC2s integrate epithelial signals and neurogenic components to preserve the tissue microenvironment and modulate inflammation. The epithelium that overlies barrier tissues, including the skin, lungs, and gut, generates epithelial cytokines that elicit ILC2 activation. Sympathetic, parasympathetic, sensory, and enteric fibers release neural signals to modulate ILC2 functions. We also highligh...
Source: Trends in Immunology - October 17, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Ziyi Yin Yawen Zhou H ēth R Turnquist Quan Liu Source Type: research
