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Procedure: Anesthesia
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Total 196941 results found since Jan 2013.
Enhanced ventricular pump function and decreased reservoir backflow sustain rise in pulmonary blood flow after reduction of lung liquid volume in fetal lambs
Although a reduction in lung liquid volume increases fetal pulmonary blood flow, the changes in central flow patterns that sustain this increased pulmonary perfusion are unknown. To address this issue, eight anesthetized late-gestation fetal sheep were instrumented with pulmonary trunk (PT), ductus arteriosus (DA), and left pulmonary artery (PA) micromanometer catheters and transit-time flow probes, with blood flow profile and wave intensity analyses performed at baseline and after withdrawal of lung liquid via an endotracheal tube. Reducing lung liquid volume by 19 ± 6 ml/kg (mean ± SD) augmented right ventr...
Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - February 15, 2014 Category: Physiology Authors: Smolich, J. J. Tags: Hormones, Reproduction and Development Source Type: research
Incidence and risk factors for impaired mobility in older cardiac surgery patients during the early postoperative period
ConclusionsOver one‐third of cardiac surgery patients experienced early postoperative mobility issues. Older patients and those with COPD, CHF, renal disease or pre‐existing physical impairments might benefit from preoperative consultation with physical therapists. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2014; ●●: ●●–●●.
Source: Geriatrics and Gerontology International - March 12, 2014 Category: Geriatrics Authors: Lurdes Tse, John B Bowering, Stephan K W Schwarz, Randell L Moore, Richard Sztramko, Alasdair M Barr Tags: Original Article: Epidemiology, Clinical Practice and Health Source Type: research
The Echocardiographic Evaluation of a Bicuspid Aortic Valve: The Effect of Jet Eccentricity and Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Geometry on the Effective Orifice Area
A 29-YEAR-OLD MALE (180 cm, 65.8 kg) with a bicuspid aortic valve presented for an aortic valve replacement (AVR). Preoperative two-dimensional (2D) transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) demonstrated preserved left ventricular function along with a resting maximum aortic valve (AV) velocity of 4.33 m/s and mean pressure gradient of 41 mmHg. This increased to a maximum AV velocity of 5.56 m/s and mean gradient of 65 mmHg when stressed with dobutamine. Using the continuity equation (CE), effective orifice area (EOA) of the AV was calculated to be 0.9 cm2 (0.52 cm2/m2) given a left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) diameter of ...
Source: Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia - January 30, 2014 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Tariq Naseem, Michael Song, Stefan Ianchulev, Hassan Rastegar, Frederick C. Cobey Tags: E-Challenges and Clinical Decisions Source Type: research
Indications and outcomes for 100 patients managed with a pectoralis major flap within a UK maxillofacial unit
Abstract: There are few studies reporting the role of the pedicled pectoralis major (PPM) flap in modern maxillofacial practice. The outcomes of 100 patients (102 flaps) managed between 1996 and 2012 in a UK maxillofacial unit that preferentially practices free tissue reconstruction are reported. The majority (88.2%) of PPM flaps were for oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), stage IV (75.6%) disease, and there was substantial co-morbidity (47.0% American Society of Anesthesiologists 3 or 4). The PPM flap was the preferred reconstruction on 80.4% of occasions; 19.6% followed free flap failure. Over half of the patients (57%)...
Source: International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery - November 11, 2013 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: C.M.E. Avery, N. Gandhi, D. Peel, C.P. Neal Tags: Head and Neck Oncology Source Type: research
Efficacy and safety of a diode laser in second-stage implant surgery: a comparative study
This study was designed to assess if dental implant uncovering is possible with a diode laser without anaesthesia, and to compare its performance with traditional cold scalpel surgery. Thirty patients with a total of 45 completely osseointegrated implants participated in this study. Patients were divided into two groups. For the study group, second-stage implant surgery was done with a 970nm diode laser. For the control group, the implants were exposed with a surgical blade. Certain parameters were used for evaluation of the two techniques. The use of the diode laser obviated the need for local anaesthesia; there was a sig...
Source: International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery - November 8, 2013 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: K.E. El-Kholey Tags: Pre-Implant Surgery and Dental Implants Source Type: research
Cardiac electrophysiology and the susceptibility to sustained ventricular tachycardia in intact, conscious mice
Cardiac electrophysiological dysfunction is a major cause of death in humans. Accordingly, electrophysiological testing is routinely performed in intact, conscious, humans to evaluate arrhythmias and disorders of cardiac conduction. However, to date, in vivo electrophysiological studies in mice are limited to anesthetized open-chest or closed-chest preparations. However, cardiac electrophysiology in anesthetized mice or mice with surgical trauma may not adequately represent what occurs in conscious mice. Accordingly, an intact, conscious murine model of cardiac electrophysiology has the potential to be of major importance ...
Source: AJP: Heart and Circulatory Physiology - April 15, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Lujan, H. L., DiCarlo, S. E. Tags: INTEGRATIVE CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Source Type: research
ANG II modulates both slow and rapid baroreflex responses of barosensitive bulbospinal neurons in the rabbit rostral ventrolateral medulla
This study investigated the effects of ANG II on slow and rapid baroreflex responses of barosensitive bulbospinal neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) in urethane-anesthetized rabbits to determine whether the sympathetic baroreflex modulation induced by application of ANG II into the RVLM can be explained by the total action of ANG II on individual RVLM neurons. In response to pharmacologically induced slow ramp changes in mean arterial pressure (MAP), individual RVLM neurons exhibited a unit activity-MAP relationship that was fitted by a straight line with upper and lower plateaus. Iontophoretically applied...
Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - April 15, 2014 Category: Physiology Authors: Saigusa, T., Arita, J. Tags: Cardiovascular and Renal Integration Source Type: research
Histomorphometric evaluation of the effect of systemic and topical ozone on alveolar bone healing following tooth extraction in rats
Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of systemic and topical ozone applications on alveolar bone healing following tooth extraction. One hundred and twelve male Wistar rats were divided into eight groups of 14 rats each; seven groups were experimental (A–G) and one formed the control group (K). The experimental groups were further divided into two sub-groups, with seven rats in each – sacrificed on days 14 and 28 (subgroups 1 and 2). The maxillary right central incisors were extracted under general anaesthesia following the administration of local anaesthesia. After sacrifice, semi-serial hist...
Source: International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery - February 3, 2014 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: F. Erdemci, Y. Gunaydin, M. Sencimen, I. Bassorgun, M. Ozler, S. Oter, A. Gulses, A. Gunal, S. Sezgin, G.R. Bayar, N. Dogan, İ.K. Gider Tags: Research and Emerging Technologies Source Type: research
γT‐S195A thrombin reduces the anticoagulant effects of dabigatran in vitro and in vivo
ConclusionsOur data suggest that γT‐S195A‐IIa decreases the anticoagulant effects of dabigatran in vitro and is partially effective at restoring hemostasis‐related thrombus formation in DE‐treated mice in vivo.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Source: Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis - May 11, 2014 Category: Hematology Authors: W. P. Sheffield, M. D. Lambourne, L. J. Eltringham‐Smith, V. Bhakta, D. M. Arnold, M. A. Crowther Tags: Brief Report ‐ Clinical Haemostasis and Thrombosis Source Type: research
Incidence of venous thromboembolism following major surgery in Korea: From the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database
ConclusionsThis is the largest epidemiologic study to investigate the incidence of VTE after major surgery in Asia, demonstrating that the rates of postoperative VTE are lower than in Caucasian populations. This study contributes to a better understanding of the differences in postoperative VTE development between Korean and Caucasian populations; the data also suggest that perioperative prophylactic strategies in Asians should be based on studies of such populations.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Source: Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis - May 16, 2014 Category: Hematology Authors: Ho‐Young Yhim, Moon‐Ju Jang, Soo‐Mee Bang, Kyoung Ha Kim, Yeo‐Kyeoung Kim, Seung‐Hyun Nam, Sung Hwa Bae, Sung‐Hyun Kim, Yeung‐Chul Mun, Inho Kim, Chul Won Jung, Doyeun Oh Tags: Original Article ‐ Clinical Haemostasis and Thrombosis Source Type: research
Gas, tubes and flow
Abstract: Gases behave as ‘fluids’ under flow conditions. There are two main flow patterns: laminar and turbulent. Here, we review the flow characteristics of gases and how they relate to the airway and endotracheal tubes. An understanding of these characteristics can be manipulated to improve flow in clinical situations; for example, using a gas with a lower density than air such as heliox reduces turbulent flow and may be helpful in patients with airway obstruction. The Bernoulli principle and Venturi effect have been used to develop fixed-performance masks, jet ventilators and suction devices.
Source: Anaesthesia and intensive care medicine - April 18, 2014 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Viki Mitchell, Kate Cheesman Tags: ENT/Head and neck Source Type: research
Obstructive sleep apnoea and anaesthesia
Abstract: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a common condition affecting approximately 4% of middle-aged individuals. The condition is more common in men with a history of snoring. Patients experience fragmented sleep caused by repetitive obstruction of the upper airway during sleep. There is mounting evidence that OSA is associated with metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome comprises hypertension and type 2 diabetes, with associated disturbances of lipid metabolism and central obesity that predisposes to cardiovascular disease. Sleep disruption causes excessive daytime sleepiness and patients may be a danger to themselve...
Source: Anaesthesia and intensive care medicine - April 18, 2014 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Peter J.H. Venn Tags: ENT/Head and neck Source Type: research
Ear, nose and throat emergencies
Abstract: An airway emergency, including any lesion causing upper airway compromise, is potentially life-threatening in both adults and children. Stridor, acute epiglottitis, inhaled foreign body and bleeding tonsils, all require a prompt, methodical approach. Clear communication and cooperation between anaesthetic and surgical teams is vital.
Source: Anaesthesia and intensive care medicine - May 1, 2014 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Joanna Makepeace, Anil Patel Tags: ENT/Head and neck Source Type: research
Coronary responses to cold air inhalation following afferent and efferent blockade
Cardiac ischemia and angina pectoris are commonly experienced during exertion in a cold environment. In the current study we tested the hypotheses that oropharyngeal afferent blockade (i.e., local anesthesia of the upper airway with lidocaine) as well as systemic β-adrenergic receptor blockade (i.e., intravenous propranolol) would improve the balance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand in response to the combined stimulus of cold air inhalation (–15 to –30°C) and isometric handgrip exercise (Cold + Grip). Young healthy subjects underwent Cold + Grip following lidocaine, propranolol, and control...
Source: AJP: Heart and Circulatory Physiology - July 15, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Muller, M. D., Gao, Z., McQuillan, P. M., Leuenberger, U. A., Sinoway, L. I. Tags: INTEGRATIVE CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Source Type: research
Sildenafil treatment in established right ventricular dysfunction improves diastolic function and attenuates interstitial fibrosis independent from afterload
In conclusion, sildenafil improves RV diastolic function and attenuates interstitial fibrosis in rats with established RV dysfunction, independent from afterload. These results indicate that sildenafil treatment has therapeutic potential for established RV dysfunction.
Source: AJP: Heart and Circulatory Physiology - August 1, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Borgdorff, M. A., Bartelds, B., Dickinson, M. G., van Wiechen, M. P. H., Steendijk, P., de Vroomen, M., Berger, R. M. F. Tags: MUSCLE MECHANICS AND VENTRICULAR FUNCTION Source Type: research
