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Drug: Metformin

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Prevalence of cognitive decline and associated factors in elderly type 2 diabetic patients at inclusion in the GERODIAB cohort
Conclusion Cognitive disorders were associated with HbA1c level and some complications of diabetes, suggesting similar pathological mechanisms. Systematic screening for cognitive impairment could be beneficial in elderly type 2 diabetic patients.
Source: European Geriatric Medicine - December 11, 2014 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research

Stratified medicine for the use of antidiabetic medication in treatment of type II diabetes and cancer: where do we go from here?
Abstract At present, the global diabetes epidemic is affecting 347 million individuals, 90% of whom are diagnosed with type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). T2DM is commonly treated with more than one type of therapy, including oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) and agents used in the treatment of diabetic complications. Several pharmacological classes of OADs are currently available for the treatment of T2DM, of which insulin secretagogues (i.e. sulphonylureas and meglitinides), insulin sensitizers [thiazolidinediones (TZDs)] and biguanides are the most commonly prescribed. Although many of these OADs have been used for more than...
Source: Journal of Internal Medicine - January 26, 2015 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: A. Emami‐Riedmaier, E. Schaeffeler, A. T. Nies, K. Mörike, M. Schwab Tags: Review Source Type: research

Preventive handling of drug nephrotoxicity with antioxidant cotherapies: Preclinical studies and clinical perspectives
Publication date: January 2015 Source:New Horizons in Translational Medicine, Volume 2, Issue 2 Author(s): Ana Isabel Morales Martín Worldwide, nephrotoxicity poses a considerable health and economic burden. Nearly 25% of the top 100, most used drugs in intensive care units are potentially nephrotoxic. Moreover, nephrotoxicity causes 10-20% of the acute renal failure cases (ARF). ARF is a very serious condition with high incidence and mortality rate, which is estimated at approximately 50% of the cases despite dialysis application, especially within critically ill patients. Mortality increases to 80% when ARF courses wi...
Source: New Horizons in Translational Medicine - February 8, 2015 Category: Research Source Type: research

Metformin and metabolic diseases: a focus on hepatic aspects
Abstract Metformin has been widely used as a first-line anti-diabetic medicine for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D). As a drug that primarily targets the liver, metformin suppresses hepatic glucose production (HGP), serving as the main mechanism by which metformin improves hyperglycemia of T2D. Biochemically, metformin suppresses gluconeogenesis and stimulates glycolysis. Metformin also inhibits glycogenolysis, which is a pathway that critically contributes to elevated HGP. While generating beneficial effects on hyperglycemia, metformin also improves insulin resistance and corrects dyslipidemia in patients w...
Source: Frontiers of Medicine - February 12, 2015 Category: Journals (General) Source Type: research

Possible protective effect of procainamide as an epigenetic modifying agent in experimentally induced type 2 diabetes mellitus in rats
Conclusion The present work could provide a proof of concept that procainamide could be used as a possible therapeutic potential in type 2 diabetics as an epigenetic demethylating agent to increase insulin levels and it is better to be used in combination with oral hypoglycemic agent e.g. metformin to decrease insulin resistance.
Source: Alexandria Journal of Medicine - March 8, 2015 Category: Journals (General) Source Type: research

Depressive Symptoms, Antidepressant Medication Use, and New Onset of Diabetes in Participants of the Diabetes Prevention Program and the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study
Conclusions: Contrary to clinical attributions, diabetes diagnosis did not show an immediate impact on BDI scores or ADM use. Higher glucose levels after diagnosis were associated with a small but significantly higher BDI score and more ADM use. Trial Registration: DPPOS: NCT00038727; DPP: NCT00004992
Source: Psychosomatic Medicine - April 1, 2015 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Duodenal energy sensing regulates hepatic glucose output
Nature Medicine 21, 428 (2015). doi:10.1038/nm.3859 Authors: Brennan K Smith & Gregory R Steinberg The maintenance of blood glucose involves the coordination of multiple organ systems. Two new studies indicate that metformin and resveratrol activate metabolic sensors in the duodenum and initiate a neural loop that reduces liver glucose production in rat models of type 2 diabetes.
Source: Nature Medicine - May 7, 2015 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Brennan K SmithGregory R Steinberg Tags: News and Views Source Type: research

Metformin activates a duodenal Ampk–dependent pathway to lower hepatic glucose production in rats
Nature Medicine 21, 506 (2015). doi:10.1038/nm.3787 Authors: Frank A Duca, Clémence D Côté, Brittany A Rasmussen, Melika Zadeh-Tahmasebi, Guy A Rutter, Beatrice M Filippi & Tony K T Lam Metformin is a first-line therapeutic option for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, even though its underlying mechanisms of action are relatively unclear. Metformin lowers blood glucose levels by inhibiting hepatic glucose production (HGP), an effect originally postulated to be due to a hepatic AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent mechanism. However, studies have questioned the contribution of hepatic AMP...
Source: Nature Medicine - April 6, 2015 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Frank A DucaClémence D CôtéBrittany A RasmussenMelika Zadeh-TahmasebiGuy A RutterBeatrice M FilippiTony K T Lam Tags: Letter Source Type: research

Repositioned alpha-1 adrenoceptor blockers as anti-tumor drugs
Discussions and conclusions Drug repositioning approaches have enabled our group and others to identify novel anti-tumor drugs. Therefore, drug repositioning can be useful in the development of promising anticancer therapies.
Source: Personalized Medicine Universe - May 8, 2015 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Metformin should not be contraindicated in patients with type 2 diabetes and mild to moderate renal impairment
Commentary on: Inzucchi SE, Lipska KJ, Mayo H, et al. Metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease: a systematic review. JAMA 2014;312:2668–75 . Context Metformin is considered the best initial treatment to lower glucose concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes.1 However, as it is cleared by the kidneys, it may accumulate when renal function decreases, with the potential for exposure-dependent toxicity that could precipitate lactate accumulation. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a frequent scenario in type 2 diabetes, a condition that may challenge the use of many glucose-lowering agents.2 Ther...
Source: Evidence-Based Medicine - May 22, 2015 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Scheen, A. J. Tags: Journalology, Renal medicine, Ethics, Diabetes, Guidelines Aetiology/Harm Source Type: research

The Comparative Efficacy of Lifestyle Intervention and Metformin by Educational Attainment in the Diabetes Prevention Program
Conclusions : Intensive lifestyle intervention and metformin have greater efficacy among highly educated individuals. Future efforts to deliver these treatments and study their dissemination may be more effective if tailored to individuals’ educational background.
Source: Preventive Medicine - June 2, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Source Type: research

Identification and replication of prediction models for ovulation, pregnancy and live birth in infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome
STUDY QUESTION Can we build and validate predictive models for ovulation and pregnancy outcomes in infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)? SUMMARY ANSWER We were able to develop and validate a predictive model for pregnancy outcomes in women with PCOS using simple clinical and biochemical criteria particularly duration of attempting conception, which was the most consistent predictor among all considered factors for pregnancy outcomes. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Predictive models for ovulation and pregnancy outcomes in infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome have been reported, but such models require va...
Source: Human Reproduction - August 19, 2015 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Kuang, H., Jin, S., Hansen, K. R., Diamond, M. P., Coutifaris, C., Casson, P., Christman, G., Alvero, R., Huang, H., Bates, G. W., Usadi, R., Lucidi, S., Baker, V., Santoro, N., Eisenberg, E., Legro, R. S., Zhang, H., for the Reproductive Medicine Network Tags: Reproductive epidemiology Source Type: research

Red Yeast Rice Plus Berberine: Practical Strategy for Promoting Vascular and Metabolic Health.
Abstract Lovastatin, the progenitor of the statin family, is in fact a naturally occurring compound produced by the yeast Monascus purpureus. Red yeast rice (RYR), a traditional Chinese food made by fermenting rice with M purpureus, is an herbal medicine that has been used for 1200 y as a therapy for problems related to circulation and digestion. RYR contains a range of compounds known as monacolins, of which monacolin K-renamed lovastatin by pharmaceutical researchers-was found to be the most potent inhibitor of cholesterol synthesis. Standardized extracts of RYR, providing 10 mg of monacolins daily, have been sh...
Source: Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine - August 1, 2015 Category: Complementary Medicine Authors: McCarty MF, O'Keefe JH, DiNicolantonio JJ Tags: Altern Ther Health Med Source Type: research

Anti-diabetic potential of Catharanthus roseus Linn. and its effect on the glucose transport gene (GLUT-2 and GLUT-4) in streptozotocin induced diabetic wistar rats
Conclusions: We conclude that the observed antidiabetic effect of c. roseus on STZ induced diabetes was a result of complex mechanisms of GLUT gene mRNA expression. The findings are very encouraging and greatly advocate its candidature for the design of a novel herbal drug to cure deadly diabetes.
Source: BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine - October 21, 2015 Category: Complementary Medicine Authors: Waleed Al-ShaqhaMohsin KhanNasir SalamArezki AzziAnis Chaudhary Source Type: research

Effect of insulin and metformin on methylation and glycolipid metabolism of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1A of rat offspring with gestational diabetes mellitus
Conclusions GDM can induce the methylation of PPARGC1A of offspring rats to reduce the expression of PPARGC1A mRNA and then cause the disorder of glycolipid metabolism when the offspring rats grow up; the insulin or metformin in the treatment of pregnant rats with GDM can reduce the methylation level of PPARGC1A and thus improve the abnormal glycolipid metabolism of offspring rats.
Source: Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine - December 18, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Source Type: research