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A Seven-Day Course of Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole May Be as Effective as a Seven-Day Course of Ciprofloxacin for the Treatment of Pyelonephritis
The Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines recommend either 14 days of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) or 7 days of ciprofloxacin for the treatment of pyelonephritis. Antibiotic courses of 7 days of TMP-SMX versus 7 days of ciprofloxacin for pyelonephritis have not been previously compared. We evaluated the odds of a subsequent, symptomatic urinary tract infection (UTI) for women with E. coli pyelonephritis receiving a 7-day course of TMP-SMX versus a 7-day course of ciprofloxacin.
Source: The American Journal of Medicine - February 15, 2017 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Miriam T. Fox, Michael T. Melia, Rebecca G. Same, Anna T. Conley, Pranita D. Tamma Tags: Clinical Research Study Source Type: research

Splenic Abscess After Acute Pyelonephritis
A 34-year-old man with controlled type 1 diabetes presented with recurrent left flank pain, intermittent left shoulder pain, mild chills, and nocturnal sweats. He lost 5 lbs over the past 2 weeks. The patient denied any injury or significant alcohol ingestion or substance abuse. He had no chest pain, cough, shortness of breath, nausea, diarrhea, or constipation. Four weeks earlier, he was diagnosed with acute left pyelonephritis during a trip to Bolivia, and at that time he was treated with ciprofloxacin 750 mg 2 times per day for 3 days.
Source: The American Journal of Medicine - February 17, 2017 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Dong Hoon Lee, Darvin Scott Smith Tags: AJM online Source Type: research

A Seven-Day Course of TMP-SMX May Be as Effective as a Seven-Day Course of Ciprofloxacin for the Treatment of Pyelonephritis
The Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines recommend either 14 days of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) or 7 days of ciprofloxacin for the treatment of pyelonephritis. Antibiotic courses of 7 days of TMP-SMX vs 7 days of ciprofloxacin for pyelonephritis have not been previously compared. We evaluated the odds of a subsequent, symptomatic urinary tract infection (UTI) for women with Escherichia coli pyelonephritis receiving a 7-day course of TMP-SMX vs a 7-day course of ciprofloxacin.
Source: The American Journal of Medicine - February 16, 2017 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Miriam T. Fox, Michael T. Melia, Rebecca G. Same, Anna T. Conley, Pranita D. Tamma Tags: Clinical research study Source Type: research

Multidrug resistance and extended-spectrum β-lactamases genes among Escherichia coli from patients with urinary tract infections in Northwestern Libya.
Conclusion The isolation of MDR ESBL-producing uropathogens undoubtedly will limit the choices clinicians have to treat their patients with UTIs. Therefore, there is an urgent need for surveillance studies on antimicrobial resistance and prevalence of ESBLs among uropathogens to guide the clinical treatment of UTIs in Libya in the future. PMID: 28349807 [PubMed]
Source: Libyan Journal of Medicine - March 31, 2017 Category: Journals (General) Tags: Libyan J Med Source Type: research

Assessment of antibiotic susceptibility of Legionella pneumophila isolated from water systems in Poland.
CONCLUSIONS: Azithromycin resistance was found in one strain of L. pneumophila SG 2-14, but the resistance mechanism is unknown and needs further study. It is possible that therapeutic failures in Legionnaires' disease may be associated with bacterial resistance which should be taken into account. The antibiotic sensitivity testing described in this study could be helpful in detecting the resistance of clinical L. pneumophila isolates. Ciprofloxacin and rifampicin have good in vitro activity against environmental L. pneumophila SG 1 and SG 2-14 in Poland. PMID: 28378991 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine : AAEM - March 21, 2017 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Sikora A, Gładysz I, Kozioł-Montewka M, Wójtowicz-Bobin M, Stańczak T, Matuszewska R, Krogulska B Tags: Ann Agric Environ Med Source Type: research

Mechanisms of quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from companion animals, pet-owners, and non-pet-owners.
Abstract The present study investigated the prevalence and the mechanisms of fluoroquinolone (FQ)/quinolone (Q) resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from companion animals, pet-owners, and non-pet owners. A total of 63 E. coli isolates were collected from 104 anal swab samples; 27 nalidixic acid (NA)-resistant isolates were identified. Of these, 10 showed ciprofloxacin (CIP) resistance. Plasmid-mediated Q resistance gene was detected in an isolate. Increased efflux pump activity, as measured by organic solvent tolerance assay, was detected in 18 isolates (66.7%), but this was not correlated with the increased m...
Source: Anal Sci - April 6, 2017 Category: Chemistry Authors: Chung YS, Hu YS, Shin S, Lim SK, Yang SJ, Park YH, Park KT Tags: J Vet Sci Source Type: research

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus as a uropathogen in an Irish setting
This study assessed the occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) uropathogens isolated for 5 consecutive years at University Hospital Waterford between 2010 and 2014. We created 4 clinically relevant subdivisions, based on urine source: hospital inpatients, patients from the Emergency Department, patients referred from their General Practitioner, and Nursing Home patients. We performed a retrospective review from the hospital's electronic microbiological system and calculated resistance rates for each of the standard antimicrobial agents. During the 5-year study peri...
Source: Medicine - April 1, 2017 Category: Internal Medicine Tags: Research Article: Corrected and Republished Article Source Type: research

Active efflux pump adeB is involved in multidrug resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii induced by antibacterial agents.
Authors: Zhang T, Wang M, Xie Y, Li X, Dong Z, Liu Y, Wang L, Yang M, Song H, Cao H, Cao W Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate the resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii, which was induced by cefepime (FEP), cefoperazone-sulbactam (SCF), tazobactam (TZP), levofloxacin (LEV), amikacin (AK), imipenem (IPM), and ciprofloxacin (CIP), in vitro. Multi-step drug resistance selection of 16 A. baumannii strains was performed using seven antibacterial agents (FEP, TZP, CIP, AK, IPM, SCF, and LEV). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using the agar dilution method. Random amplified po...
Source: Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine - April 18, 2017 Category: Journals (General) Tags: Exp Ther Med Source Type: research

In VitroActivity of Eight Fluoroquinolones Against Clinical Isolates ofIn VitroActivity of Eight Fluoroquinolones Against Clinical Isolates ofBrucella Melitensis
Since fluoroquinolones have generated much interest because of their excellentin vitroandin vivoactivity, their pharmacokinetic properties, oral dosing and intracellular penetration,we tested the susceptibility of 146 recent clinical isolates of Brucella melitensis against eight4-quinolone drugs and five conventional drugs. The drugs tested included ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, temafloxacin, sparfloxacin, fleroxacin, pefloxacin, lomefloxacin, CI-960, tetracycline, gentamicin, streptomycin rifampicin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. All theisolates were susceptible to the eight quinolones tested, with an MIC-90 ranging bet...
Source: Annals of Saudi Medicine - May 3, 2017 Category: Journals (General) Tags: ISSUE 1 Source Type: research

Assessment of Prescribing Information for Generic Drugs Manufactured in the Middle East and Marketed in Saudi Arabia
CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that national authorities should implement appropriate measures aimed at removing misleading and incorrect information in generic package inserts and incorporating crucial prescribing information that is missing. National authorities in the Middle East and Arabian Gulf should strengthen collaboration and information interchange among each other and with international agencies to maintain common quality standards for delivering information through package inserts.Ann Saudi Med 2006;26(3):192-199
Source: Annals of Saudi Medicine - May 13, 2017 Category: General Medicine Tags: ISSUE 3 Source Type: research

Enteric Fever Due to Multi-Resistant Salmonella Typhi
Five cases of enteric fever due to multi-resistantSalmonella typhiare reported. Four of these patients most probably contracted the disease in India and the fifth in Egypt. All of them were successfully treated either with ceftriaxone or ciprofloxacin.Ann Saudi Med 1993;13(3):246-249.
Source: Annals of Saudi Medicine - May 13, 2017 Category: General Medicine Tags: ISSUE 3 Source Type: research

Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Campylobacter spp. isolated from retail meat in Lahore, Pakistan
This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance pattern of Campylobacter isolated from meat of three different food animal species sold at retail shops in Lahore, Pakistan. A total of 125 Campylobacter were isolated and tested for antimicrobial resistance against nine commonly used antibiotics in veterinary and human medicine. The highest resistance was observed against enrofloxacin (79.2%) followed by tylosin (77.6%), ciprofloxacin and amoxicillin (71.2% each), colistin (69.6%), neomycin (32.8%), nalidixic acid (31.2%), gentamicin (25.6%) and doxycycline (8.8%). Most of the isolates (90.4...
Source: Food Control - May 19, 2017 Category: Food Science Source Type: research

Scientists develop test to identify best treatment for gonorrhea
FINDINGSResearchers from UCLA have developed a laboratory test that helps physicians determine which people with gonorrhea may be more treatable with an antibiotic that has not been recommended since 2007 because of concerns that the resistance to the drug was growing.BACKGROUNDGonorrhea has developed increasing resistance to all current antibiotics. Due to the spread of multi-drug resistant gonorrhea, health authorities have declared it one of the top-three urgent threats to public health.Ciprofloxacin was used to combat the sexually transmitted infection until 2007, when the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention sto...
Source: UCLA Newsroom: Health Sciences - May 23, 2017 Category: Universities & Medical Training Source Type: news

Occurrence, Distribution and Ecological Risks of Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics in the Dongjiang River and the Beijiang River, Pearl River Delta, South China.
Abstract The occurrence and distribution of five selected fluoroquinolones (FQs) were studied in the Dongjiang River and the Beijiang River, South China. Ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and enoxacin, used as human and veterinary medicines, were detected with detection frequencies of 75%-100% and average concentrations of 9.5-18.8 ng L(-1) in the two rivers. Meanwhile, enrofloxacin, which is only used as veterinary medicine, was detected at lower levels (2.9-4.0 ng L(-1)) than those of ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and enoxacin. The spatial distribution of the five FQs exhibited a close relationship with the intensity ...
Source: Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology - May 29, 2017 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Zhang R, Zhang R, Zou S, Yang Y, Li J, Wang Y, Yu K, Zhang G Tags: Bull Environ Contam Toxicol Source Type: research

Antibiotic Complications During the Treatment of Mycobacterium ulcerans Disease in Australian Patients
ConclusionsSevere antibiotic complications during M. ulcerans treatment are high with increased rates independently associated with reduced renal function and female gender.
Source: Internal Medicine Journal - June 6, 2017 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Daniel P O'Brien, N Deborah Friedman, Andrew Hughes, Aaron Walton, Eugene Athan Tags: Original Article Source Type: research