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Increased fractalkine and vascular dysfunction in obesity and in type 2 diabetes. Effects of oral antidiabetic treatment.
Abstract Activation of fractalkine and other chemokines plays an important role in atherogenesis and, in conjunction with endothelial dysfunction, promotes premature vascular damage in obesity and diabetes. We hypothesized that increased circulating fractalkine coexists with impaired vasomotor function in metabolically healthy or unhealthy obesity, and that treatment with antidiabetic drugs may impact these abnormalities in type 2 diabetes. Compared to lean subjects, in both obese groups the vasodilator responses to acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside were impaired (both P < .001); ETA-receptor blockade ...
Source: Vascular Pharmacology - March 25, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Schinzari F, Tesauro M, Campia U, Cardillo C Tags: Vascul Pharmacol Source Type: research

Kinin Receptors in Vascular Biology and Pathology.
Abstract Endogenous kinins are important vasoactive peptides whose effects are mediated by two G-Protein-coupled receptors (R), named B2R (constitutive) and B1R (inducible). They are involved in vascular homeostasis, ischemic pre- and post- conditioning, but also in cardiovascular diseases. They contribute to the therapeutic effects of angiotensin-1 converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and angiotensin AT1 receptor blockers. Benefits derive primarily from vasodilatory, antiproliferative, antihypertrophic, antifibrotic, antithrombic and antioxidant properties, which are associated with the release of endothelial fact...
Source: Current Vascular Pharmacology - February 26, 2014 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Couture R, Blaes N, Girolami JP Tags: Curr Vasc Pharmacol Source Type: research

Increasing Muscle Mass Improves Vascular Function in Obese (db/db) Mice Vascular Medicine
Conclusions Increasing muscle mass by genetic deletion of myostatin improves NO-, but not PGI2- or EDHF-mediated vasodilation in obese mice; this vasodilation improvement is mediated by down-regulation of superoxide.
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - June 25, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Qiu, S., Mintz, J. D., Salet, C. D., Han, W., Giannis, A., Chen, F., Yu, Y., Su, Y., Fulton, D. J., Stepp, D. W. Tags: Vascular Medicine Source Type: research

Endothelial dysfunction and diabetes: effects on angiogenesis, vascular remodeling, and wound healing.
Authors: Kolluru GK, Bir SC, Kevil CG Abstract Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by inappropriate hyperglycemia due to lack of or resistance to insulin. Patients with DM are frequently afflicted with ischemic vascular disease or wound healing defect. It is well known that type 2 DM causes amplification of the atherosclerotic process, endothelial cell dysfunction, glycosylation of extracellular matrix proteins, and vascular denervation. These complications ultimately lead to impairment of neovascularization and diabetic wound healing. Therapeutic angiogenesis remains an attractiv...
Source: International Journal of Vascular Medicine - December 1, 2014 Category: Cardiology Tags: Int J Vasc Med Source Type: research

Metabolic Syndrome Individuals With and Without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Present Generalized Vascular Dysfunction: Cross-Sectional Study.
CONCLUSIONS: MetS was associated with endothelial-dependent and endothelial-independent dysfunction, affecting both the macro- and the microvascular systems. Participants with diabetes mellitus demonstrated the most severe smooth muscle dysfunction. The presence of central abdominal fat and systemic inflammation seems implicated in the pathogenesis of vascular dysfunctions in MetS. PMID: 25657309 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology - February 5, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Walther G, Obert P, Dutheil F, Chapier R, Lesourd B, Naughton G, Courteix D, Vinet A Tags: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol Source Type: research

Pathology of Human Coronary and Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis and Vascular Calcification in Diabetes Mellitus.
Abstract The continuing increase in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the general population is predicted to result in a higher incidence of cardiovascular disease. Although the mechanisms of diabetes mellitus-associated progression of atherosclerosis are not fully understood, at clinical and pathological levels, there is an appreciation of increased disease burden and higher levels of arterial calcification in these subjects. Plaques within the coronary arteries of patients with diabetes mellitus generally exhibit larger necrotic cores and significantly greater inflammation consisting mainly of macrophages a...
Source: Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology - November 30, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Yahagi K, Kolodgie FD, Lutter C, Mori H, Romero ME, Finn AV, Virmani R Tags: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol Source Type: research

Akt2 Stabilizes ATP7A, a Copper Transporter for SOD3 (Extracellular Superoxide Dismutase), in Vascular Smooth Muscles: Novel Mechanism to Limit Endothelial Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
CONCLUSION: Akt2 plays a critical role in ATP7A protein stabilization and translocation to plasma membrane in VSMCs, which contributes to full activation of vascular SOD3 that protects against endothelial dysfunction in T2DM. PMID: 29301787 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology - January 4, 2018 Category: Cardiology Authors: Sudhahar V, Okur MN, Bagi Z, O'Bryan JP, Hay N, Makino A, Patel VS, Phillips SA, Stepp D, Ushio-Fukai M, Fukai T Tags: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol Source Type: research

Inhibition of MPO (Myeloperoxidase) Attenuates Endothelial Dysfunction in Mouse Models of Vascular Inflammation and Atherosclerosis.
Conclusions- Pharmacological inhibition of MPO is a potential strategy to limit endothelial dysfunction in vascular inflammation. PMID: 31043077 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology - May 1, 2019 Category: Cardiology Authors: Cheng D, Talib J, Stanley CP, Rashid I, Michaëlsson E, Lindstedt EL, Croft KD, Kettle AJ, Maghzal GJ, Stocker R Tags: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol Source Type: research

Vascular Regenerative Capacity and the Obesity Paradox in Coronary Artery Disease
CONCLUSIONS: Obesity is associated with higher CPC counts. The obesity paradox of improved outcomes with obesity in CAD is limited to patients with intact regenerative capacity who have CPC counts.PMID:33853349 | DOI:10.1161/ATVBAHA.120.315703
Source: Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology - April 15, 2021 Category: Cardiology Authors: Anurag Mehta Qi Meng Xiaona Li Shivang R Desai Melroy S D'Souza Annie H Ho Shabatun J Islam Devinder S Dhindsa Zakaria Almuwaqqat Aditi Nayak Ayman A Alkhoder Ananya Hooda Anil Varughese Syed F Ahmad Ali Mokhtari Iraj Hesaroieh Laurence S Sperling Yi-An K Source Type: research

Role of Blood Pressure Responses to Exercise and Vascular Insulin Sensitivity with Nocturnal Blood Pressure Dipping in Metabolic Syndrome
Conclusion: Attenuated rises in blood pressure and HR to exercise appear to play a larger role than vascular insulin sensitivity in SBP dipping in adults with MetS.J Vasc Res
Source: Journal of Vascular Research - March 10, 2022 Category: Research Source Type: research