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Drug: Nicotine

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Total 2454 results found since Jan 2013.

Nicotine and the Developing Human A Neglected Element in the Electronic Cigarette Debate
Publication date: Available online 17 March 2015 Source:American Journal of Preventive Medicine Author(s): Lucinda J. England , Rebecca E. Bunnell , Terry F. Pechacek , Van T. Tong , Tim A. McAfee The elimination of cigarettes and other combusted tobacco products in the U.S. would prevent tens of millions of tobacco-related deaths. It has been suggested that the introduction of less harmful nicotine delivery devices, such as electronic cigarettes or other electronic nicotine delivery systems, will accelerate progress toward ending combustible cigarette use. However, careful consideration of the potential adverse health e...
Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine - March 20, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Source Type: research

Activation of AMPKα2 in adipocytes is essential for nicotine-induced insulin resistance in vivo
Nature Medicine 21, 373 (2015). doi:10.1038/nm.3826 Authors: Yue Wu, Ping Song, Wencheng Zhang, Junhui Liu, Xiaoyan Dai, Zhaoyu Liu, Qiulun Lu, Changhan Ouyang, Zhonglin Xie, Zhengxing Zhao, Xiaozhen Zhuo, Benoit Viollet, Marc Foretz, Jiliang Wu, Zuyi Yuan & Ming-Hui Zou
Source: Nature Medicine - March 23, 2015 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Yue WuPing SongWencheng ZhangJunhui LiuXiaoyan DaiZhaoyu LiuQiulun LuChanghan OuyangZhonglin XieZhengxing ZhaoXiaozhen ZhuoBenoit ViolletMarc ForetzJiliang WuZuyi YuanMing-Hui Zou Tags: Article Source Type: research

Successful Tobacco Dependence Treatment in Low-Income Emergency Department Patients: A Randomized Trial
Conclusion An intensive intervention improved tobacco abstinence rates in low-income ED smokers. Because approximately 20 million smokers, many of whom have low income, visit US EDs annually, these results suggest that ED-initiated treatment may be an effective technique to treat this group of smokers.
Source: Annals of Emergency Medicine - April 26, 2015 Category: Emergency Medicine Source Type: research

Stop-Smoking Medication Use, Subsidization Policies, and Cessation in Canada
Conclusions Comprehensive subsidization policies are associated with modest increases in NRT use and quit success, but do not appear to impact prescription SSM use.
Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine - June 3, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Source Type: research

An empirical assessment of the “healthy prisoner hypothesis”
In this study, we test an alternative explanation based on selection of healthy individuals into jails and prisons–“the healthy prisoner hypothesis.” According to this hypothesis, inmates have to be healthy to commit crimes and become incarcerated, which explains why they experience lower mortality than comparable segments of the general population. Using ten waves of data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997, we compare individuals who become incarcerated the following year to those who do not on four measures of health—depression, self-rated health, functional limitations, and injury or illness req...
Source: Social Science and Medicine - June 27, 2015 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Contingency Management for Substance Use Disorders in Spain: Implications for Research and Practice
Conclusion The research conducted to date in Spain confirms and expands the findings of studies conducted in the US supporting the effectiveness of CM in the context of community settings with cocaine- and nicotine-dependents. However, CM has not yet been readily adopted into general clinical practice in Spain or the rest of Europe. The limited effectiveness of CM for CUD is likely due to the scarcity of data and may change with more studies, taking into account recent research on this topic in the US. Continued efforts are warranted to further develop and disseminate incentive-based treatments for SUD across clinical sett...
Source: Preventive Medicine - July 11, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Source Type: research

Paecilomycies japonica reduces repeated nicotine-induced neuronal and behavioral activation in rats
Conclusion: The results of the present study suggest that PJ may be a useful agent for preventing and treating nicotine addiction.
Source: BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine - July 14, 2015 Category: Complementary Medicine Authors: Minsook YeHyunju LeeHyunsu BaeDae-Hyun HahmHye-Jung LeeInsop Shim Source Type: research

Nicotine and the Developing Human
Publication date: August 2015 Source:American Journal of Preventive Medicine, Volume 49, Issue 2 Author(s): Lucinda J. England, Rebecca E. Bunnell, Terry F. Pechacek, Van T. Tong, Tim A. McAfee The elimination of cigarettes and other combusted tobacco products in the U.S. would prevent tens of millions of tobacco-related deaths. It has been suggested that the introduction of less harmful nicotine delivery devices, such as electronic cigarettes or other electronic nicotine delivery systems, will accelerate progress toward ending combustible cigarette use. However, careful consideration of the potential adverse health...
Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine - July 16, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Source Type: research

Meier EM, Tackett AP, Miller MB, Grant DM, Wagener TL. Which Nicotine Products Are Gateways to Regular Use? First-Tried Tobacco and Current Use in College Students. Am J Prev Med 2015; 48(1S1):S86–S93.
Publication date: August 2015 Source:American Journal of Preventive Medicine, Volume 49, Issue 2
Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine - July 16, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Source Type: research

Nicotine Replacement Therapy and Other Interventions for Pregnant Smokers: Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, 2009–2010
Conclusions One in 5 pregnant smokers was offered NRT. About a quarter of pregnant smokers did not receive any interventions to stop smoking. There may still be reluctance to provide NRT to pregnant women, despite known harms of continued smoking during pregnancy.
Source: Preventive Medicine - July 17, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Source Type: research

Science and the Evolving Electronic Cigarette
Publication date: Available online 16 July 2015 Source:Preventive Medicine Author(s): Alexa A. Lopez, Thomas Eissenberg Electronic cigarettes (ECIGs) have continued to gain popularity among the general public since their introduction in 2003. While all ECIGs work by heating a liquid solution into an aerosol that is then inhaled by the user, there are differences in engineering characteristics and appearance of the devices as well as how the liquid is stored and heated, its nicotine concentration, its ratio of propylene glycol and/or vegetable glycerin, and the flavorants added to the liquid. Some of the research areas ...
Source: Preventive Medicine - July 17, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Source Type: research

Cytisine is more effective than nicotine replacement for smoking cessation
Commentary on: Walker N, Howe C, Glover M, et al. Cytisine versus nicotine for smoking cessation. N Engl J Med 2014;371: 2353–62. Context Smoking is a nicotine-based addiction affecting about a billion people worldwide.1 Inhaling the tars and carbon monoxide from burned tobacco causes the premature death of about two-thirds of those who smoke throughout their lives and is the leading cause of preventable mortality and morbidity.2 Effective pharmacological therapies have helped reduce smoking prevalence in wealthier countries, but are prohibitively expensive in poorer countries where smoking is most prevalent.3 4 Cyti...
Source: Evidence-Based Medicine - July 24, 2015 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Stapleton, J. A. Tags: Smoking and tobacco, Clinical trials (epidemiology), Epidemiologic studies, Drugs: CNS (not psychiatric), Sleep disorders (neurology), Sleep disorders, Sleep disorders (respiratory medicine), Health education, Smoking Therapeutics/Prevention Source Type: research

Dual training in general internal medicine and rheumatology: the Irish context
I read with interest the study conducted by Sivera et al,1 pertaining to differences and similarities in rheumatology training programmes in European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR)-affiliated countries. In particular, as an Irish doctor who has recently completed our national programme and had the fortune to work under some excellent rheumatologists, I was dismayed but not surprised to see that general internal medicine (GIM) plays such a dominant role in official rheumatology training in Ireland. We lead all 41 countries surveyed, where trainees commit a total of 84 months to GIM from the time of graduation from m...
Source: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases - August 10, 2015 Category: Rheumatology Authors: Sheane, B. J. Tags: Electronic pages Source Type: research

Differential Taxes for Differential Risks — Toward Reduced Harm from Nicotine-Yielding Products
New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 373, Issue 7, Page 594-597, August 2015.
Source: New England Journal of Medicine - August 12, 2015 Category: Internal Medicine Tags: article Source Type: research

Exercise Facilitates Smoking Cessation Indirectly via Improvements in Smoking-Specific Self-Efficacy: Prospective Cohort Study Among A National Sample of Young Smokers
Conclusions : Among daily smokers, exercise may help to facilitate smoking cessation via exercise-induced increases in smoking-specific self-efficacy.
Source: Preventive Medicine - August 23, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Source Type: research