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Drug: Nicotine

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Modulation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Annexin A2 in Response to 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-Butanone -Induced Inflammation via Swimming Training.
Abstract The nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK; nicotine derived nitrosamine ketone) is one of the strongest carcinogens in tobacco which is involved in induction of lung cancer by changing the stimulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and annexin A2 expression. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in resting levels of annexin A2 and VEGF in lung tissues of rats exposed NNK after 12 weeks of aerobic submaximal swimming training. For this purpose, 46 Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups consist of training, training + NNK, NNK, saline and co...
Source: Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology - October 7, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Barzegari A, Mirdar S, Ranayi M Tags: Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol Source Type: research

Chronic exposure to e-cig aerosols during early development causes vascular dysfunction and offspring growth deficits.
Abstract Increasing popularity of electronic cigarettes (e-cigs), including among women of reproductive age, is attributed to its perceived safety compared to conventional tobacco. However, there is a major knowledge gap surrounding the effects of e-cig aerosols on pregnancy and fetal development. We aimed to evaluate the effects of vaping e-cigs during gestation on offspring growth and to asses if growth deficits are accompanied by altered maternal and fetal vascular hemodynamics. Sprague-Dawley dams were assigned to Pair-Fed Control, Pair-Fed Juice, or Juice+Nicotine groups, and then underwent either a prenatal ...
Source: Translational Research : the journal of laboratory and clinical medicine - January 7, 2019 Category: Laboratory Medicine Authors: Orzabal MR, Lunde-Young ER, Ramirez JI, Howe SYF, Naik VD, Lee J, Heaps CL, Threadgill DW, Ramadoss J Tags: Transl Res Source Type: research

Assessment of the relationship between platelet reactivity, vascular risk factors and gender in cerebral ischaemia patients.
CONCLUSIONS: There are no differences between platelet reactivity and the incidence of aspirin resistance in patients with stroke and TIA. Male gender and smoking are associated with greater reactivity of platelets and more frequent occurrence of acetylsalicylic acid resistance in patients with cerebral ischaemia. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Dual antiplatelet therapy or clopidogrel treatment should be considered in smoking males with cerebral ischaemia due to the high risk of aspirin inefficiency. PMID: 31343071 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Neurologia i Neurochirurgia Polska - July 24, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Wiśniewski A, Sikora J, Filipska K, Kozera G Tags: Neurol Neurochir Pol Source Type: research

Predicting the Safety and Effectiveness of Inferior Vena Cava Filters Study: Design of a unique safety and effectiveness study of inferior vena cava filters in clinical practice
ConclusionsThe PRESERVE Study represents the largest prospective study ever undertaken to investigate real-world outcomes with contemporary use of IVC filters. The investigators await results with the hope that it can improve patient care.
Source: Journal of Vascular Surgery: Venous and Lymphatic Disorders - October 19, 2019 Category: Surgery Source Type: research

Effects of electronic cigarette on platelet and vascular function after four months of use.
We examined the effects of electronic cigarette on platelet and vascular function after 4 months of use compared to tobacco smoking. Forty smokers without cardiovascular disease were randomized to smoke either conventional cigarettes or an electronic cigarette (nicotine concentration of 12 mg/ml). At baseline and after four months, we measured a) platelet function by Platelet Function Analyzer PFA-100 and Light Transmission Aggregometry, b) pulse wave velocity, c) plasma malondialdehyde levels as oxidative stress index and d) the exhaled CO level. After 4 months, continuation of conventional cigarette smoking further imp...
Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology - April 24, 2020 Category: Food Science Authors: Ikonomidis I, Katogiannis K, Gavriella K, Kourea K, Kyriakou E, Kypraiou A, Tsoumani M, Andreadou I, Lambadiari V, Plotas P, Thymis I, Tsantes AE Tags: Food Chem Toxicol Source Type: research

New Insights From MRI and Cell Biology Into the Acute Vascular-Metabolic Implications of Electronic Cigarette Vaping
The popularity of electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) has grown at a startling rate since their introduction to the United States market in 2007, with sales expected to outpace tobacco products within a decade. Spurring this trend has been the notion that e-cigs are a safer alternative to tobacco-based cigarettes. However, the long-term health impacts of e-cigs are not yet known. Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) approaches, developed in the authors’ laboratory, provide conclusive evidence of acute deleterious effects of e-cig aerosol inhalation in the absence of nicotine in tobacco-naïve subjects. Among the path...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - May 20, 2020 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Nicotine Modulates CTSS (Cathepsin S) Synthesis and Secretion Through Regulating the Autophagy-Lysosomal Machinery in Atherosclerosis.
CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that nicotine mediates CTSS synthesis and secretion through regulating the autophagy-lysosomal machinery, which offers a potential therapeutic target for atherosclerosis treatment. PMID: 32640907 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology - July 8, 2020 Category: Cardiology Authors: Ni H, Xu S, Chen H, Dai Q Tags: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol Source Type: research

Cigarette smoke extract and its cytotoxic factor acrolein inhibit nitric oxide production in human vascular endothelial cells.
Abstract Acrolein (ACR), a highly reactive α,β-unsaturated aldehyde, is a major cytotoxic factor in nicotine- and tar-free cigarette smoke extract (CSE). There are conflicting results regarding endothelial functions despite the fact that both CSE and ACR cause cellular damage. Several lines of evidence indicate that CSE impairs endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO)-dependent vasodilation by reducing the activity and protein expression of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), whereas ACR elicits endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation by increasing the production of NO and expression of eNOS. To clarify whether CSE and it...
Source: Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin - August 31, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Horinouchi T, Mazaki Y, Terada K, Miwa S Tags: Biol Pharm Bull Source Type: research

Febuxostat attenuates vascular calcification induced by vitamin D3 plus nicotine in rats.
This study was undertaken to investigate the possible ameliorative influences of febuxostat (FEB) on vitamin D3 plus nicotine (VDN)-induced vascular calcification (VC) in Wistar rats. VDN rats received a single dose of vitamin D3 (300.000 IU/kg, I.M) and two oral doses of nicotine (25 mg/kg) on day 1. They were then administrated FEB, in two doses (10 and 15 mg/kg/day, orally), or the drug vehicle for 4 weeks. Age-matched normal rats served as control. At the end of the experiment, body weight, kidney function parameters, serum ionic composition, cardiovascular measures, aortic calcium deposition and aortic levels of oxida...
Source: European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences - September 29, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Amer AE, El-Sheakh AR, Hamed MF, El-Kashef HA, Nader MA, Shehatou GSG Tags: Eur J Pharm Sci Source Type: research

Results of iliac stenting and aortofemoral grafting for iliac artery occlusions
Objective: To compare long-term results of percutaneous iliac artery stenting (PCIS) with aortobifemoral (ABF) grafting for patients with symptomatic iliac artery occlusions.Methods: A retrospective review of 229 patients (January 2000 to December 2011) with symptomatic iliac artery occlusions was performed. In 100 patients, 103 PCIS procedures were performed, and 101 patients underwent ABF grafting. Outcome data including periprocedural complications, improvement in ankle-brachial index, morbidity, and mortality were collected in a vascular registry. Kaplan-Meier estimates for patency and survival were analyzed. Univariat...
Source: Journal of Vascular Surgery - November 23, 2012 Category: Surgery Authors: Gul R. Sachwani, Sachinder S. Hans, Michael D. Khoury, Thomas F. King, Mayo Mitsuya, Youssef S. Rizk, Julie A. Zachwieja, Luay Sayed Tags: Clinical research studies Source Type: research

Nicotine exposure alters human vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype from a contractile to a synthetic type
Cigarette smoking is a known risk factor for arteriosclerosis. In atheromatous plaques, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) display a phenotype that is different from the contractile type under normal conditions. Nicotine is the major pharmacological agent in cigarette smoke. However, any direct effect of nicotine on VSMCs remains uncertain. Because nicotine promotes VSMC migration, its phenotype may change due to nicotine.
Source: Atherosclerosis - October 17, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Shinji Yoshiyama, Zhenyi Chen, Tsuyoshi Okagaki, Kazuhiro Kohama, Ritsuko Nasu-Kawaharada, Takashi Izumi, Noriyasu Ohshima, Takeharu Nagai, Akio Nakamura Source Type: research

Cotinine reduces depressive-like behavior and hippocampal vascular endothelial growth factor downregulation after forced swim stress in mice.
In this study, we investigated the effect of daily oral cotinine (5 mg/kg) on depressive-like behavior induced by repeated, FS stress for 6 consecutive days in adult, male C57BL/6J mice. The results support our previous report that cotinine administration reduces depressive-like behavior in mice subjected or not to high salience stress. In addition, cotinine enhanced the expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the hippocampus of mice subjected to repetitive FS stress. Altogether, the results suggest that cotinine may be an effective antidepressant positively influencing mood through a mechanism invol...
Source: Behavioral Neuroscience - October 13, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Grizzell, J. Alex; Mullins, Michelle; Iarkov, Alexandre; Rohani, Adeeb; Charry, Laura C.; Echeverria, Valentina Source Type: research

Greater {gamma}-tocopherol status during acute smoking abstinence with nicotine replacement therapy improved vascular endothelial function by decreasing 8-iso-15(S)-prostaglandin F2{alpha}
Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) improves the long-term success rate of smoking cessation, but induces oxidative stress and inflammatory responses that may delay the restoration of vascular endothelial function (VEF). No studies have examined co-therapy of NRT-assisted smoking abstinence with -tocopherol (-T), a vitamin E form with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, on improvements in VEF. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, healthy smokers (25 ± 1 y old; mean ± SEM) received NRT and abstained from smoking for 24 h with placebo (n = 12) or oral administration of -T-rich mixtu...
Source: Experimental Biology and Medicine - April 15, 2015 Category: Research Authors: Mah, E., Pei, R., Guo, Y., Masterjohn, C., Ballard, K. D., Taylor, B. A., Taylor, A. W., Traber, M. G., Volek, J. S., Bruno, R. S. Tags: Physiology Source Type: research

Revisiting the Rise of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems Using Search Query Surveillance
Conclusions ENDS popularity is rapidly growing and evolving. These findings could inform survey questionnaire development for follow-up investigation and immediately guide policy debates about how the public perceives the health risks or cessation benefits of ENDS.
Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine - February 14, 2016 Category: Global & Universal Source Type: research

Examining the relationship between past orientation and US suicide rates: an analysis using big data-driven Google search queries - Lee D, Lee H, Choi M.
BACKGROUND: Internet search query data reflect the attitudes of the users, using which we can measure the past orientation (Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory) to commit suicide. Examinations of past orientation often highlight certain predispositions of ...
Source: SafetyLit - February 27, 2016 Category: Global & Universal Tags: Risk Factor Prevalence, Injury Occurrence Source Type: news