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Infectious Disease: Endemics

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A Systematic Review on TST and IGRA Tests Used for Diagnosis of LTBI in Immigrants
Conclusion Prevalence of positive test results were significantly lower in immigrants who were tested with an IGRA, resulting in fewer immigrants being recommended for LTBI treatment compared to TST. Coupled with comparable performance for detecting prevalent TB cases, the IGRA appears to exhibit better specificity than the TST and may be preferred as the standard of care for detecting LTBI in immigrants moving to low TB incidence countries.
Source: Molecular Diagnosis and Therapy - January 12, 2015 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research

Cardiovascular Involvement in Behçet Disease: Clinical Implications
We present two male patients from the Mediterranean Basin with BD. The first was diagnosed early as a BD patient. The second was diagnosed at the time of cardiovascular (CV) involvement. We recommend that patients who are diagnosed, or even suspected of suffering from BD, especially in endemic areas along the Silk Route pathway, should be followed up routinely for CV involvement, even if rare, obscure, or with a bizarre presentation.[...]Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.Article in Thieme eJournals:Table of contents  |  Abstract  |  Full text
Source: International Journal of Angiology - June 5, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Yahalom, MalkaBloch, LevSuleiman, KhaledRosh, BarTurgeman, Yoav Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Taenia solium Human Cysticercosis: A Systematic Review of Sero-epidemiological Data from Endemic Zones around the World
by Marco Coral-Almeida, Sarah Gabriël, Emmanuel Nji Abatih, Nicolas Praet, Washington Benitez, Pierre Dorny Background Taenia solium cysticercosis is a zoonotic neglected disease responsible for severe health disorders such as seizures and death. Understanding the epidemiology of human cysticercosis (HCC) in endemic regions will help to expose critical information about the transmission of the disease, which could be used to design efficient control programs. This review gathered serological data on apparent prevalence of T. solium circulating antigens and/or seroprevalence of T. solium antibodies, apparent prevalence of ...
Source: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases - July 6, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Marco Coral-Almeida et al. Source Type: research

SerpentinaDB: a database of plant-derived molecules of Rauvolfia serpentina
Conclusion: SerpentinaDB is an exhaustive resource of R. serpentina molecules facilitating prospection for therapeutic molecules from a medicinally important source of natural products. It also provides refined search option to explore the neighborhood of chemical space against ZINC database to identify analogs of natural molecules obtained as leads. In a previous study, we have demonstrated the utility of this resource by identifying novel aldose reductase inhibitors towards intervention of complications of diabetes.
Source: BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine - August 4, 2015 Category: Complementary Medicine Authors: Shivalika PathaniaSai RamakrishnanVinay RandhawaGanesh Bagler Source Type: research

Pythiosis in Humans
The following background data are abstracted from Gideon www.GideonOnline.com Primary references are available on request. Human pythiosis was first described in Thailand, in 1987; and thirty-two cases had been published worldwide as of 2002.  Most cases are reported from tropical and subtropical regions; however, human infection has also been encountered in United States, Israel and Australia.  The principal pathogen is identified as Pythium insidiosum, and at least one case of Pythium aphanidermatum infection has been reported. Most case reports of pythiosis are published from Thailand, which accounted for 78% of pub...
Source: GIDEON blog - August 18, 2015 Category: Databases & Libraries Authors: Dr. Stephen Berger Tags: General Source Type: blogs

Epidemiology of hepatitis A virus in Africa among persons aged 1–10 years: a systematic review protocol
Discussion The systematic review will generate up-to-date information on the current burden of hepatitis A virus in Africa. This information may have implications on policy for hepatitis A vaccination on individual African countries. Systematic review registration CRD42015023764
Source: Systematic Reviews - September 26, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Source Type: research

Paracoccidioidomycosis treatment.
PARACOCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS TREATMENT. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 2015 Sep;57 Suppl 19:31-7 Authors: Shikanai-Yasuda MA Abstract SUMMARYConsidered to be an emerging endemic mycosis in Latin America, paracoccidioidomycosis is characterized by a chronic course and involvement of multiple organs in immunocompromised hosts. Infection sequelae are mainly related to pulmonary and adrenal insufficiency. The host-parasite interaction results in different expressions of the immune response depending on parasite pathogenicity, fungal load and genetic characteristics of the host. A few controlled and case series re...
Source: Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo - September 1, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Shikanai-Yasuda MA Tags: Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo Source Type: research

Immunosuppression-associated soft-tissue tumours
Immunodeficiency and therapeutic immunosuppression inform the pathogenesis of certain soft tissue tumours, namely Kaposi sarcoma (KS) and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-associated smooth muscle tumours. KS comprises a group of clinical categories associated with local or systemic immunodysregulation: sporadic/classic KS, endemic (African) KS, epidemic (AIDS-related) KS, and iatrogenic (transplantation-associated) KS. Histologically, KS lesions progress from early (patch) stages, comprising networks of bland vascular proliferations, to later (plaque) stages, wherein spindle cells proliferate between vascular structures, and fin...
Source: Diagnostic Histopathology - October 23, 2015 Category: Pathology Authors: Feriyl Bhaijee, Andrea T. Deyrup, Elizabeth A. Montgomery Tags: Mini-symposium: soft-tissue pathology Source Type: research

Interventions for trachoma trichiasis.
CONCLUSIONS: No trials were designed to evaluate whether the interventions for trichiasis prevent blindness as an outcome; however, several found modest improvement in vision following intervention. Certain interventions have been shown to be more effective at eliminating trichiasis. Full-thickness incision of the tarsal plate and rotation of the lash-bearing lid margin was found to be the best technique and is preferably delivered in the community. Surgery may be carried out by an ophthalmologist or a trained ophthalmic assistant. Surgery performed with silk or absorbable sutures gave comparable results. Post-operative az...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - November 13, 2015 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Burton M, Habtamu E, Ho D, Gower EW Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

Vanishing retinal arterial aneurysms with anti-tubercular treatment in a patient presenting with idiopathic retinal vasculitis, aneurysms, and neuroretinitis
Conclusions The pathogenesis of IRVAN syndrome is uncertain. One of the postulates is that the features of arterial aneurysms and other retinal vascular alterations occur secondary to acquired inflammatory reaction. We hypothesize that IRVAN syndrome may be a morphological diagnosis possibly associated with various entities, one of which could be ocular tuberculosis. It may be prudent to rule out intraocular tuberculosis in cases labeled as IRVAN syndrome in an endemic population.
Source: Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection - February 27, 2016 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research

Distribution of hepatitis B infection in Brazil: the epidemiological situation at the beginning of the 21 st century
Abstract Brazil was formerly considered a country with intermediate hepatitis B endemicity, with large heterogeneity between Brazilian regions and areas of high prevalence, especially in the Amazon basin. Systematic vaccination of children was initiated in 1998. Between 2004 and 2009, a large population-based study reported decreased prevalence in all regions of Brazil. This review analyzed the current hepatitis B epidemiological situation in Brazil through a systematic search of the scientific literature in MEDLINE, LILACS, and CAPES thesis database, as well as disease notifications to the Information System for Notifiabl...
Source: Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical - March 19, 2016 Category: Tropical Medicine Source Type: research

Home-based rehabilitation interventions for adults living with HIV: a scoping review.
Authors: Cobbing S, Hanass-Hancock J, Myezwa H Abstract Home-based rehabilitation (HBR) has been shown to improve the lives of people living with a wide range of chronic diseases in resource-rich settings. This may also be a particularly effective strategy in resource-poor settings, where access to institution-based rehabilitation is limited. This review aimed to summarise and discuss the evidence related to the effectiveness of home-based rehabilitation (HBR) interventions designed specifically for adults living with HIV. A scoping review methodology was employed, involving systematic search techniques and apprais...
Source: African Journal of AIDS Research - March 25, 2016 Category: African Health Tags: Afr J AIDS Res Source Type: research

The acute inflammatory response induced in mice by the venom of the giant ant Dinoponera quadriceps involves macrophage and interleukin-1β.
This study demonstrated, in mice, the inflammatory effect of D. quadriceps venom, characterized by edema, increase in vascular permeability and neutrophil migration, implying the participation of resident macrophages and IL-1β, among other inflammatory mediators. PMID: 27018043 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Toxicon - March 22, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Sousa PL, Quinet YP, Cavalcante Brizeno LA, Sampaio TL, Torres AF, Martins AM, Assreuy AM Tags: Toxicon Source Type: research

Burden and Historical Trend of Buruli Ulcer Prevalence in Selected Communities along the Offin River of Ghana
by Kobina Assan Ampah, Prince Asare, Daniel De-Graft Binnah, Samuel Maccaulley, William Opare, Katharina Röltgen, Gerd Pluschke, Dorothy Yeboah-Manu Buruli ulcer (BU) is a neglected tropical skin disease caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans with more than two thirds of the global cases reported in West Africa. A nationwide active BU case search conducted in 1999 identified two health districts along the Offin River as two of the three most endemic districts in Ghana. Based on recent anecdotal accounts that transmission is unstable along the Offin River, we conducted from March to June 2013 an exhaustive household survey and ...
Source: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases - April 13, 2016 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Kobina Assan Ampah Source Type: research

Epidemiology, health systems and stakeholders in rheumatic heart disease in Africa: a systematic review protocol
Introduction Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is a chronic disease affecting the heart valves, secondary to group A streptococcal infection (GAS) and subsequent acute rheumatic fever (ARF). However, RHD cure and preventative measures are inextricably linked with socioeconomic development, as the disease mainly affects children and young adults living in poverty. In order to address RHD, public health officials and health policymakers require up-to-date knowledge on the epidemiology of GAS, ARF and RHD, as well as the existing enablers and gaps in delivery of evidence-based care for these conditions. We propose to conduct a sy...
Source: BMJ Open - May 19, 2016 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Moloi, A. H., Watkins, D., Engel, M. E., Mall, S., Zühlke, L. Tags: Open access, Cardiovascular medicine, Epidemiology, Evidence based practice, Global health, Patient-centred medicine Protocol Source Type: research