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Provider-directed analgesia for dental pain
This article provides an in-depth review on the major pharmacological and therapeutic properties of established and alternative analgesics used to manage dental pain.EXPERT OPINION: Substantial evidence-based literature shows combination of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID; e.g. ibuprofen) and acetaminophen provides superior pain relief than single-agent or combination opioid regimens. However, there are clinical scenarios (e.g. severe pain) when short-course opioid prescription is appropriate in select patients, in which a 2-3-day treatment duration is typically sufficient. Alternative agents (e.g. caffeine, ...
Source: Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology - April 21, 2023 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Alan L Myers Arthur H Jeske Source Type: research

Computational design and molecular modeling of morphine derivatives for preferential binding in inflamed tissue
The fluorinated morphine derivatives target binding prefentially with inflamed tissue, while being deterred from binding within central tissues such as the brain. Binding within the brain results in the addictive and dangerous side effects associated with opioid use; however, targetted binding in inflamed tissue will result in pain relief without the addictive component. AbstractThe opioid epidemic has impacted over 10  million Americans in 2019. Opioids, like morphine, bind non-selectively in both peripheral tissue, leading to effective pain relief, and central tissue, resulting in dangerous side effects and addiction. T...
Source: Pharmacology Research and Perspectives - April 20, 2023 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Makena Augenstein, Nayiri Alexander, Matthew Gartner Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Perceptions of prescription opioids among marginalized patients with hematologic malignancies in the context of the opioid epidemic: a qualitative study - Nabulsi NA, Nazari JL, Lee TA, Patel PR, Sweiss KI, Le T, Sharp LK.
PURPOSE: Opioids are essential for treating pain in hematologic malignancies (HM), yet are heavily stigmatized in the era of the opioid epidemic. Stigma and negative attitudes towards opioids may contribute to poorly managed cancer pain. We aimed to unders...
Source: SafetyLit - April 9, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Tags: Alcohol and Other Drugs Source Type: news

Perceptions of prescription opioids among marginalized patients with hematologic malignancies in the context of the opioid epidemic: a qualitative study
ConclusionsThis qualitative study demonstrates that fears and stigmatized views of opioids can conflict with marginalized patients ’ needs to manage debilitating HM-related pain. Negative attitudes towards opioids were shaped by the opioid epidemic and reduced willingness to seek out or use analgesics.Implications for Cancer SurvivorsThese findings help expose patient-level barriers to optimal HM pain management, revealing attitudes, and knowledge to be targeted by future pain management interventions in HM.
Source: Journal of Cancer Survivorship - April 6, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

The Use of Oxytocin for the Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder
AbstractNearly 27 million people have an opioid use disorder (OUD) according to the 2016 Global Burden of Disease study, most of which occur in the US where opioids are a common class of medication used to treat acute and chronic pain. In 2016 alone, more than 60 million patients had at least one prescription for opioids filled or refilled. Over the past decade, prescription rates have risen astronomically and have created an epidemic in the US dubbed the “opioid crisis.” In this regard, there has been an increase in overdoses and OUD diagnoses. Several studies have found dysregulation of balance between several neurot...
Source: Current Pain and Headache Reports - April 6, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

A historical review of pain disparities research: Advancing toward health equity and empowerment
The high prevalence of chronic pain has become a national public health crisis, concurrent with the opioid and racism epidemics in the United States. In the United States, approximately 50 million adults report chronic pain, and 20 million report high-impact chronic pain (i.e., pain that highly interferes with function and activities) (Dahlhamer et al., 2018). The prevalence of chronic pain has been described as a “sensitive barometer of population health and well-being” that requires proactive population-focused management approaches (Zajacova et al., 2021, p.
Source: Nursing Outlook - April 5, 2023 Category: Nursing Authors: Staja Q. Booker, Tamara A. Baker, Darlingtina Esiaka, Jacquelyn A. Minahan, Ilana J. Engel, Kasturi Banerjee, Michaela Poitevien Source Type: research

Associations Between High Pain Catastrophizing and Opioid-Related Awareness and Beliefs Among Patients in Primary Care
Conclusion: Significant gaps existed among our participants with high PC in their awareness of opioid epidemic issues and side effects/risks compared with their low PC counterparts. They may also carry positive beliefs regarding opioids and pain-control in general. In any pain care, it seems important to identify patients with high pain catastrophizing. Doing so may facilitates exploration of their beliefs and expectations regarding pain management and aids in tailoring individualized treatment and prevent adverse side effects.
Source: Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine - April 4, 2023 Category: Primary Care Authors: Onishi, E., Lucas, J. A., Maeno, T., Bailey, S. R. Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Virtual Reality & Acute Pain: A Literature Review
Safe and effective pain management is a challenge among hospitalized patients. Pharmacological interventions are often the first choice but are associated with side effects and can contribute to the opioid epidemic. Nonpharmacological interventions, such as virtual reality (VR), may be an effective adjuvant in pain reduction. This literature review addressed the following question: Does VR compared to standard treatment reduce pain in hospitalized adult patients?
Source: Pain Management Nursing - April 1, 2023 Category: Nursing Authors: Anna Larkin Source Type: research

Linguistic Markers Of High Vs. Low Opioids Deaths: Semantic Network Analysis Of Pain-Related Tweets
This study's aims were (1) to examine twitter users' language use around pain and (2) to use linguistic markers to predict opioid deaths at the U.S. state level. Of 1,438,644 tweets collected regarding chronic pain, we examined 750 tweets originating from states with the highest and lowest prevalence of opioid deaths, respectively.
Source: The Journal of Pain - April 1, 2023 Category: Materials Science Authors: Shreya Singh, Emily Hamm, Shinye Kim Source Type: research

Dissecting The Cellular And Molecular Architecture Of Opioid-Sensitive Neurons Throughout The Brain Using Deep Single-Cell Transcriptomics
Opioids are indispensable analgesics. However, they produce harmful side effects, including addiction and respiratory depression, that drive the ongoing opioid epidemic. Distinguishing the neural circuits driving opioid analgesia from circuits that produce undesirable side effects may lead to safer and more effective pain treatments. Opioids target the mu opioid receptor (MOR), an inhibitory G protein-coupled receptor expressed by a variety of neurons throughout the nervous system. The different behavioral effects of opioids result from MOR signaling in distinct brain regions, however, the precise cell-types that drive the...
Source: The Journal of Pain - April 1, 2023 Category: Materials Science Authors: Jesse Niehaus, Nicole Elise Ochandarena, Hongkui Zeng, Greg Scherrer Source Type: research

Covid-19 vaccination program for children: An electronic assessment of symptoms
Conclusion: After conducting a poll on children (aged 12-18) who had received the COVID-19 vaccination, we concluded that immunizations rarely cause moderate side effects that are manageable.PMID:36999717 | DOI:10.2174/1574886318666230331085630
Source: Current Drug Safety - March 31, 2023 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Naman Kumar Arjun Khora Riya Loomba Nikhil Sharma Abhishek Kumar Ajay Rana Rohit Kamboj Sweta Kamboj Kumar Guarve Surya Prakash Guatam Source Type: research