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Infectious Disease: Malaria

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Optimal primaquine use for radical cure of and malaria in Japanese travelers – A retrospective analysis
Recently, a dose of 30 mg (base) primaquine daily for 14 days is increasingly recommended for radical cure of Plasmodium vivax malaria. However, total primaquine doses, or those per body weight, are also recognized as important. In Japan, primaquine is not a licensed medicine, but has been used through the Research Group on Chemotherapy of Tropical Diseases for>3 decades.
Source: Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease - November 19, 2014 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Shoichi Shimizu, Tadashi Kikuchi, Michiko Koga, Yasuyuki Kato, Hiroyuki Matsuoka, Haruhiko Maruyama, Mikio Kimura, for the Research Group on Chemotherapy of Tropical Diseases Source Type: research

Genetic diversity and gene structure of mitochondrial region of Anopheles minimus (Diptera: Culicidae) – major malaria vector of North east India
Conclusions High genetic diversity observed within the populations of An.minimus species has several possible implications for vector control in the region.
Source: Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine - December 11, 2014 Category: Tropical Medicine Source Type: research

Genetic polymorphisms associated with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine drug resistance among Plasmodium falciparum field isolates in malaria endemic areas of Assam
Conclusion: It was noticed that 93.62% (88/94) isolates had mutations in the sequences of both enzymes, which is an indication of prevalence of high grade of Sulphadoxine - pyrimethamine resistance in P. falciparum malaria parasites in Assam.
Source: Journal of Postgraduate Medicine - December 15, 2014 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: J SharmaP DuttaSA KhanM SoniD DeyJ Mahanta Source Type: research

Malaria chemoprophylaxis: a proven public health intervention for international travelers
The most notable finding in Luthi and Schlagenhauf’s [1] recent review - that failure to use chemoprophylaxis while traveling to malaria-endemic areas is a major risk factor for severe malaria and death - is concerning, but not at all surprising. This conclusion should be so obvious to the travel medicine community that one might think it did not merit publication at all. But clearly it does.
Source: Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease - January 2, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Nelli Westercamp, Paul M. Arguin Source Type: research

In vitro antiplasmodial and HIV-1 neutralization activities of root and leaf extracts from Berberis holstii
Publication date: Available online 5 January 2015 Source:Journal of Herbal Medicine Author(s): Kennedy J. Ngwira , Vinesh J. Maharaj , Quintino A. Mgani The in vitro antiplasmodial activities and HIV neutralizing activities of six crude extracts from the leaves and roots of Berberis holstii were evaluated. The antiplasmodial activities were assessed against a chloroquine sensitive 3D7 strain of the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, and the HIV neutralizing activity were assessed against HBX2 and ZM53 pseudovirions. Parasite Lactate Dehydrogenase (pLDH) assay was used to measure parasite viability and Luciferase Re...
Source: Journal of Herbal Medicine - January 6, 2015 Category: Complementary Medicine Source Type: research

IPT for children with anaemia
(Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine) Researchers from Tanzania and South Africa, who are part of the Cochrane Infectious Disease Group, hosted at LSTM, have conducted an independent review to assess the effect of intermittent preventive antimalarial treatment for children with anaemia living in malaria endemic regions.
Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health - January 15, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Source Type: news

Screening of Imported Infectious Diseases Among Asymptomatic Sub-Saharan African and Latin American Immigrants: A Public Health Challenge.
Abstract Migrants from developing countries are usually young and healthy but several studies report they may harbor asymptomatic infections for prolonged periods. Prevalence of infections were determined in Latin American and sub-Saharan African asymptomatic immigrants seen at a European Tropical Medicine Referral Center from 2000 to 2009. A systematic screening protocol for selected infections was used. Data from 317 sub-Saharan Africans and 383 Latin Americans were analyzed. Patients were mostly young (mean age 29 years); there were significantly more males among sub-Saharan Africans (83% versus 31.6%) and pre-...
Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - February 2, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Monge-Maillo B, López-Vélez R, Norman FF, Ferrere-González F, Martínez-Pérez Á, Pérez-Molina JA Tags: Am J Trop Med Hyg Source Type: research

New research: Malaria parasites unlikely to jump from animals to humans
(University of Maryland School of Medicine) In recent years, public health experts have increasingly explored the idea of eliminating the most dangerous malaria-causing parasite. But they have questioned whether getting rid of this species, called Plasmodium falciparum, would allow other species of the parasite to simply jump into the gap and start infecting humans with malaria.
Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health - February 11, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Source Type: news

Encapsulation of metalloporphyrins and falciparum malaria
Publication date: Available online 10 February 2015 Source:Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine Author(s): Somsri Wiwanitkit , Viroj Wiwanitkit
Source: Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine - February 13, 2015 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research

Medtech meets cleantech: Malaria vaccine candidate produced from algae
(University of California - San Diego) Researchers at University of California, San Diego School of Medicine used algae as a mini-factory to produce a malaria parasite protein. The algae-produced protein, paired with an immune-boosting cocktail suitable for use in humans, generated antibodies in mice that nearly eliminated mosquito infection by the malaria parasite. The method, published Feb. 17 by Infection and Immunity, is the newest attempt to develop a vaccine that prevents transmission of the malaria parasite from host to mosquito.
Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health - February 18, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Source Type: news

A critical review of traditional medicine and traditional healer use for malaria and among people in malaria-endemic areas: contemporary research in low to middle-income Asia-Pacific countries
This review provides insights into the prevalence and profile of traditional medicine and traditional healer use for malaria.
Source: Malaria Journal - March 1, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Dwi SuswardanyDavid SibbrittSudibyo SupardiSungwon ChangJon Adams Source Type: research

Challenging logics of complex intervention trials: Community perspectives of a health care improvement intervention in rural Uganda
Publication date: April 2015 Source:Social Science & Medicine, Volume 131 Author(s): Ferdinand M. Okwaro , Clare I.R. Chandler , Eleanor Hutchinson , Christine Nabirye , Lilian Taaka , Miriam Kayendeke , Susan Nayiga , Sarah G. Staedke Health systems in many African countries are failing to provide populations with access to good quality health care. Morbidity and mortality from curable diseases such as malaria remain high. The PRIME trial in Tororo, rural Uganda, designed and tested an intervention to improve care at health centres, with the aim of reducing ill-health due to malaria in surrounding communities. T...
Source: Social Science and Medicine - March 8, 2015 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

A causal loop analysis of the sustainability of integrated community case management in Rwanda
Publication date: Available online 7 March 2015 Source:Social Science & Medicine Author(s): Eric Sarriot , Melanie Morrow , Anne Langston , Jennifer Weiss , Justine Landegger , Laban Tsuma Expansion of community health services in Rwanda has come with the national scale up of integrated Community Case Management (iCCM) of malaria, pneumonia and diarrhea. We used a sustainability assessment framework as part of a large-scale project evaluation to identify factors affecting iCCM sustainability (2011). We then (2012) used causal-loop analysis to identify systems determinants of iCCM sustainability from a national sy...
Source: Social Science and Medicine - March 8, 2015 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Malaria RDT Diagnosis: Magnifying a Curious Point
This is a case report of a four year-old child who presented to a malaria research clinic at the College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. The child presented with a history of acute febrile illness suggestive of malaria. Malaria microscopy and rapid diagnosis test were negative. However, re-examination of the ‘negative’ RDT test strip with the aid of a hand held magnifying lens revealed a faint positive line. Antimalarial therapy was commenced with rapid recovery. This case highlights the need for caution in examining malaria RDT tests strips and consideration of limits of human vision.
Source: Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease - March 11, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Obaro S. Michael Source Type: research

Brain Swelling and Death in Children with Cerebral Malaria
New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 372, Issue 12, Page 1126-1137, March 2015.
Source: New England Journal of Medicine - March 18, 2015 Category: Internal Medicine Tags: article Source Type: research